y unit ll-orsanic chemistry practice...
TRANSCRIPT
y U N I T l l - O R S A N I C CHEMISTRY PRACTICE PACKET
^ R e v i e w Q u e s t i o n s
1. All organic compounds must contain the element 0) hydrogen (iZ) nitrogen (3) carbon (4) oxygen
2. Which element is composed of atoms that can fonn more than one covalent bond with one another? (1) hydrogen (2) helium (3) carbon (4) calcium
3. What Is the total number of valence electrons in a carbon atom in theground state? {1)12 (2)2 (3)6. (4)4
4. Which property is generally characteristic of an organic compound? (1) low melting point (2) high melting point (3) soluble In polar solvents (4) insoluble in nonpolar solvents
5. In general, which property do organic compounds share? (t) high melting point (2) highefectrical conductivity (3) readily soluble in water (4) slow reaction rats
6. A hydrocarbon molecule containing one triple covalent bond jsdasslfied as an (l)alkene (2)alkane (3}alkyne {4)alkadiene
7. What fe the total number of hydrogen atoms In a molecule of butene? (1)10 (2)6 (3)8 (4)4
8. By how«iany carbon atoms does each member of a homologous series differ from the previous member? ( U l (2)2 (3)3 (4)4
9. Which of thefollowln^ is a Saturated hydrocarbon? (1) ethene (2)ethyne {3)propene (4) propane
1Q. What Is the total number of pairs of electrons shared ' between the two adjacent carbon atoms in an ethyne molecule? (1)1 (2)2 (3)3 (4)4
11. -Which compound is a member of the same homologous series as C3Hg? (DqH^ (2)qH, (3)C3H (4)qH3
12. Which hydrocarbon is a member of the series with the general .fbmnulaC H2 _2? (1) ethyne (2) ethene (3) butane (4) benzene
13. Which compound belongs to the alkene series? (DqH^ (2)C2H, {3)CgH, (4)C,H,,
14. Which type of bond occurs In a saturated hydrocarbon molecule? (1) single covalent (2) dduble covalent ^ ) triple covalerit (4) ionic
15. Which type of bonds and solids are Gharacteri ie of organic compounds? (1) ionic bonds and ionic solids (2) ionic bonds and nK}lecular solids (3) covalent bonds and Ionic solids (4) covalent bonds and molecular solids
16. The four single bonds of a carbon atom are directed In space toward the corners of a (1) regular tetrahedron (2) regular octahedron (3) square plane (4) trigonal bipyramid
17. In which group could the hydroearborls all belong to the same homologous series? (DCjH^^qH^qHs (2) qH^C3H^C,H3
(4)C,H^C:3H,,C,Hg
18. Which formula represents butane?
(3) CH3CH2CH2CH3
19. Write the molecular formula for 1-octene and draw its structural formula:
20. Write the molecular formula for 3-pentyne and draw its structural formula:
Name:
Directions: betermine the hydrocarbon of each molecules and whether it is saturated or unsaturated.
Hydrocarbon Saturated/Unsaturated
1. C2H6 2. C2H4 3. CeHe 4. C4H8 5. C5H8
7. C6H10 8. CioHzo 9. <:4H6 10. 11. CsHm 12. C9H16 13. C6H12 14. C2H6 15. C7H16 16. C3K8 17. C4H10 18. t:7Hi2 19. <:9Hi8 20. CH4 21. C5H12 22. CiaHee 23. CioHia 24. CisHga 2&. CttHzo 26. C14H26
^ 27. CHa 28. Cl3H24 29, CiiH22
-0-I
I I I ( ' I • C - - C - G - C - C ' G -
l ' 1
2 . I I
1 1
I I I
1 ' I ' C -
1
I
l I
c-c-- G -
3 . - 0 '
\ (
\ ) ^
- C r
I
5".
\ I
- c -
I I I I I
I I 1 I
- c -
I I
I I
1 . ' t 4 . I I
•c-I
8. ' 0 '
1
I 1 1 1 1 c -11
c / \
C = c I 1
> 1 C ' C -
1 1
STRUCTURE OF HYDROCARBONS ^ " ^ Draw the structure of the compounds below.
1. ethane 5. ethyne
2. propene 6. 3,3-dlmethyl pentane
/
3. 2-butene 7. 2,3-dimethyl pentone
4. methane 8. n-butyne
Isomer Naming Practice
Name the following molecules:
Example: CH3—C ~ C H 2 — C H ~ CH3
- 2,2,4-frimefhylpenfam
2 3
C C—«
w—g—H
H, i H
3. 14—A.—i
14 1 H
H-"--^ ' " ' I I
4.
^ i i
Draw the following molecules:
5. 2'ethyl, 3-methylbutane 6. 3,3-dipropylpentane
19. Which compound is an isomer of C H OH? {DC^HyCH^ (3)C2H5COOC2H5 (2) qHjOCjHs i4) CH3COOH
20. Which compound is an Isomer of CHjCHjOH?
(1) CH3C00H {3)CH30CH3 (2) CH3CH2CH3 (4) CH3COCH3
21. Which forrnula represents an isomer of the compound propanoic add (CHgCH COOH)? (1) CH3CH2CH2OH (3) CH3CH(0H)CHpH (2) CH3CH2CH2COOH (4) CH3COOCH3
22. Given the compound:
H H H I i I
H - C - C - C - C I I - I I H H CI
Which stnictUral formula represents an Isomer?
. ' (,) H .J H H H - C - C - C - C - C I
H H H CI
(2) K, ^ H < 5 l ^ - C - 0 « «
I I I H CI H
(3) 'j' j* 'j' H - C ~ C - - C - C I
H H H
,4, H y y ^ ci-c-c-<p-^-ci
H H H 01
23. Which compounds are isomers? (DCHjBrandCH-^Br^ {2)CH30HandCH3CHpH (3) CH30HandCH3CHO (4) CH3OCH3 and CHgCH^H
24w An -0/suffix Indicates that an ~0H group has been added to a hydrocarbon. Which formula represents 1,2-ethanedlol? (DCjH^OH)^ (2)C3H5{OH)3 {3)Ca(OH)2 (4)Co(OH)3
25. Which smjctural formula represents 1,1-dlbromo-propahe?
(1) ^ y (3) 1 1 Br Br
V ? 1 H - ^ ~ ^ ~ C ~ H
Br Br H
(2) (4)
H~c-<j;-H Br H
f1 ? Br H H
26. Which is an isomer of h-c-c-oh? H H
(1) H - C - O -
I H
V •c-
I H
•H
iZ) H H H O - G — C — H
I I H H
H ~ C ~ C - H I H
(4) Iji hi Ijl H ~ - C ~ C — O - C - H
I I I H H H
27. Which structural formula represents 2,2-dimethyl propane?
(1) H H H i I I
H—C—C—C—H I I I H H H
(2) H
H—C—H
(3)
H 1 H 1 1
C — 1 —( 1
- C —H 1 1 H
H 1 H
n
H I
H—C-I H
H—C—H
I H
(4)
H—C—H I H
28. Which is the conect lUPAC name forthe hydrocarbon with the structural formula shown below?
H I •
H—C—H
I H
H 1
-C—H H—C—H
I H—C—H
H (1) 1-methyl-2-ethylenethane (2) 1-propylediane (3)/HJropane (4)rt-pehtane
Name Date Class
CHAPTER 24 REVIEW ACTIVITY " Text Reference: section 24-17
Classifying each of the following organic compounds as one of the following: primary akohoi, secondary alcGhof> tertiary^ aicohoH aldehyde, ketone, ether, carboxyllc acid, or ester.
H H H
H _ C > - C — C — H I I I
H OH H
3. H H I [
- C — G -OH
H H O
2.
V
3. H H H I 1 I
H — G — 0 — 0 — 0 — H I I I
H H H
4. H • 4.
H — G — O H
H
5.-H — C
\
0
H
V 5.
7. H H I I
H—C—C—O-I I H H
O 7.
H O H I II I
H—C—C—C—H 1 i H H
9. E
H H—C~H •1 I
H—C C—OH I I H H—C—H
i H
k. H I
H—0—C
0
H H
10.
N a m e
Classify each of the organic compounds below as an alcohol, corboxylic acid, a ldehyde ketone, ether or ester, and drav / its structural formula.
1. CH3COOH
2. CH3COCH3
3. CH^CHpH
4, CH3CH2OCH3
5. CH3CH2CHO
6. CKCH(OH)CK
7. CH3CH2COOH
8. CM3CH2COOCH3
9. CH3CH2COCH3
10. CH3OCH3
Name the compounds be!ow.
1.
H H. I T
H - C - G f I
H H
2. H 1
O 11
H 1
c -j
il - c -
1 c I 1
H 1
H
H H H O i I I ii
H H
4. H 1
C I
H
H
O 11 C
H
H H
N a m e
7.
9,
10.
H O 1 l(
o O C - H
H - Q 0-0
I { C - H
H 1
C I H
11 C H
H H 0 H 1 1 11 1
1 I I H H H
N a m e
Dravv' the structures of the compounds below.
- 1. butanoic a c i d
2. rhetlnanal
3. n ie thdno l
4. butanone
6. diethyl ether
6. methylmethanoate (methyl formats
7. 3-pentanol
8, methanoic ac id (formic acid)
9. propanai
10. 2-pentanone
•••"II - W-WTWrnMr.
C-he-inig^rcfiQrm W S l l . 4 . l.A
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Name
Date P e r i o d
ethane+bromine -+1-bromoe{han8 + hydrogen bromide
H H + Br2
Btliene+bromine -+ 1,2 -dibromoelhane
Hydrocarbons participate in a variety of cliemical reactions. Some are described below. Combustion, Fossil fuels such as the gasoline used in automobiles oji' the propane used in gas barbecues are hydrocarbons. When they burn, they release carbon dioxide and water. JCjHg + 50^ -> SCOj + 4H2O). Of course, when there is insufficient oxygen, as in an automobile engine, the carboiji does not oxidize completely, and carbon monoxide and water forms. (2CsH.,« + IJOj.-* 16C0. + ISEjO.). That is|wliy autonaabil L exliaust contains carbon monoxide. • Substitution. Saturated hydrocarbons have all their bonding sites filled with hydrogen. The only way to attach any other elements to the carbon chain of a saturated hydrocarbon is to replace the hydrogen. The replacement of the hydrogen with another element is called substitution. The diagram to the right shows halogen substitution. Addition. When there is a point of unsaturation, it is possible to add elements to the hydrocarbon chain at that point without removing any hydrogens. This is called addition. Unsaturated bonds are more reactive than saturated bonds and allcynes are even more reactive thm alkenes, so additorv of halog^n^ occurs- at room temperature. Addition of hydrogen to an allcene or an allcyne (or
her carbon compounds with double or triple bonds) is called drogenation. It is the processed used to make margarine firom vegetable oil.
ermentation. Beverage alcohol is formed by yeast. It forms as a Result of the enzymatic breakdown of organic molecules during anaerobic respiration. It is called fermentation. Esterification. Esterification is the formation of esters (RCOOR). Esters form fi"om a reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol, j The alcohol and acid join by dehydration synthesis. The reaction looks similar, to an acid base neutralization. Esters are responsible for fruit flavorings and aromas of flowers. They are synthesized as aitifrciat flavors. Lipids (fats and oils) are formed by esterification of glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) by fatty acids (long chain organic acids) Saponification. Saponification is the hydrolysis of fats by bases. When sodium hydroxide reacts with a fat it produces organic salts called soaps plus glycerol as a byproduct The reaction looks much like the reverse of the fomiation of the fat, except that the fatty acid becomes a soditint salt[Na^CH3(CH,)„COO-].
Alcoliol+Acid ~+ Ester+Water
offetbyesterificatton
Continue bs*
C-temuttrcf: Form W S l l . 4 . 1 A
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Understanding Organic Reactions
Page 2
Polymerization. Polymerization is the formatloiii of large molecules from repeating units of smaller ones. A polymer is a large molecule formed from many smaller, repeating units or monomers. Polymers can form by condensation ~ joimng monomers by dehydration synthesis. Condensation polymers must have at least two functional groups. The process can be repeated to form' long chairj polymers. Examples include silicones, polyesters, {iolyamides, phenolic plastics, and nylons. Addition polhnarization involves opening up double and triple bonds of unsaturated hydrocai'bons. Examples include vinyl plastics polyethylene and polystyrene.
Polymerization by condensation
Addition polymerization
Answer the questions below based on the rejading above and on your Icnowledge of chemistry. i
1. What forms from the complete combustiorj of a hydrocarbon?
2. A hydrocarbon reacts with fluorine. Under vi/hich conditions will substitution occur, and under which conditions
will addition occur?
3. What is butylpentanoate? How does it form?
4. How is soap made?
5. What is the process of Joining many small molecules into larger molecules is called?
6. Teflon, a common non-stick cooking surface, is a polymer of tetrafluoroethene. Draw a structural formula of tetrafluoroethene. Then show the result of-the reaction using structural formulas. What type of polymerization is this?
© fevan P. Silberstein, 2003
Practice Problems:
Given the equation:
J C6H12O6 * 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
The chemicalpfocessillustratedby this equation is
2)
3)
4)
6)
A ) esterification B) saponification
The reaction CH4 + Br2
A ) hydro genation H) polymerization
The reaction CH2CH2 + H2
A) femientation B) addition
C) polymerization
D) fentientation
CHsBf + HBt is an example of
C) addition D) substitution
— • C H 3 C H 3 is an example of
C) substitution esterification
saponification substitution
In which re action is soap a product?
A ) polymerization C) B) addition D)
The products of the complete combustion of a hydro carbon are water and
A) carbon C) an aldehyde B) carbon dioxide D) an alcohol
Which type of reaction do ethane molecules and ethene molecules undergo when they react with chlorine?
A ) Ethane and ethene both react by substitution. B) Ethane re acts by addition and ethene re acts by
substitution. C) Ethane and ethene b oth re act by addition. D) Ethane re acts by substitution and ethene reacts by
addition.
Given the equation:
C2H6 + CI2 — C2H5CI+HCl
This re action is best described as
A ) sub stitution involving an uns afurate d hydro c arb on B) addition involving a saturated hydrocarbon CT) addition involving an unsaturated hydroc arb on D) sub stitution involving a s aturate d hydro c arb on
What type of reaction is represented by the equation below?
A ) condensation B) polymerization
Br C) substitution D) addition
•CH2
Br
11)
9) Given the incomplete reaction:
O II
CH3CH2CH2C-OH + X-o a
CHaCHaCHsC-CCHsCH^ + H2O
Which compound is represented by ^
A) CH^dCHapHs C) CH3CH2OH
o fl
O II
CH3CGH3
10) What type of reaction is represented by the equation below?
2CH4+3O2 • 2C0 + 4H2O
A) polymerization B) incomplete combustion C) femientation D) addition
Which hydrocarbon will raosf likely undergo an addition re action with .Bt2?
A) H
12)
13)
B)
H 1 1
1 1
H H \
H H 1 1
" 0 " 1 3 H
1 H H-- G — H
1 H
H H 1
H — C -I
j
1 1 H
1 H
\-/
H
\ H
C) H
D)
The products of afentientationreaction are carbon dioxide and
A) an ester C) an aldehyde
B) an alcohol D) a ketone
Which equation represents an esterification reaction?
A) HCOOH + CH3OH V HCOOCH3 + HOH
BT) C3H8 + CI2 >C3H7C1+HC1
Q C6H12O6 •2C2H5OH+2CO2
D) C 5 H 1 0 + H 2 — * C 5 H i 2
14) A s a sub stitution re action o c curs, the numb er of ele ctrons shared between adjacent carbon atoms
A) increases B) decreases C) remains the same
15) A n alcohol and an organic acid are combined to form, water and a compound with a pleasant odor. This reaction is an example of
A) polymerization C) saponification B) esterification D) fermentation
16) What typ e of re action is us e d in the pro duction of nylon?
A) polymerization C) substitution E) esterification D) saponification
17) The process of joiningmany small molecules into larger molectiles is called
C) polymerization D) substitution
A) neutralization B) saponification
18) Condensation polymerization is best described as A) a reduction re action B) a cracking re action C) an oxidation re action D) a dehydration reaction
19) Which fomitjla c orre ctiy repre s ents the pro duct of an. additionreactionbetween ethene and chlorine?
A) C2H4CI2 C) C2H3CI B) CH3Ci D) CH2CI2
20) Which type of reactionis represented by the equation
below?/NOTIL- n iSMdi [1 are very large numbers equal fo
about 2,000.]
n / h
A) fermentation B) polymerization
/ H H / 1 ^ - c — c
\ H C) saponification D) esterification
21) Given the reaction:
o o II II
CHsO -OH + HOCaHs s: OH3C - O - C Hs H O This reactionis an example of A) 8«|>onification B) hydrogenation C) fermentation D) esterification
72) In the space to the right of the reactants and arrowbelow, draw the structural formula for the product of the reaction shovm.
H H H H i I I 1
H H
Questions 23 through 25 refer to the following:
Many artificial flavorings are prepared usitxg the type of organic reaction shown below.
H O H H H H O ^11 I I I f I!
H — O H ^ HO—C—C—C—H H — C - C -I f i t I H H H H H
Reactant2
H H H f I I
-O—G—C—C—H -t- HOH
23) In the box below, draw the stiructural fomtula of an isomer of reactant 2 in the given diagram.
24J What is the name of the organic reaction shown?
25) T« what -class -of-of anic compounds does r««ctarrt 2 in the given diagram belong
Name;: Organic Chemistry
Period:
Base your answers to questions 1 tlirougli 3 on tiie information below
The hydrocarbon 2-methylpropane reacts with iodine as represented by the balanced equation below. At standard pressure, the boiling point of 2-methylpropane is lower than the boiling point of 2-iodo-2-methylpropane.
H I
H - C - H
H I
H H H
H - C - C ~ C - H I I !
H H H
2-metliylpropane
H
I I I H I H
2-iodo-2-methylpropane
1. Explain the difference in the boiling points of 2-methylpropane and 2-iodo-2-methylpropane in terms of both molecular polarity and intermolecular forces.
2. Explain, in terms of bonding, why the hydrocarbon 2-methylpropane is saturated.
3. To which class of organic compounds does this organic product belong?
Base your answers to questions 4 through 6 on the information below.
The compound 1,2-ethanediol can be mixed with water. This mixtuie is added to automobile radiators as an engine coolant. The cooling system of a small van contains 6690 grams of 1,2-ethanediol. Some properties of water and 1,2-ethanediol are given in the table below.
Properties of Water and 1,2-ethanediol
Property Water (H^O)
1,2-ethanediol (CHgOHCHgOH)
gram-formula mass (g/mol) 18.0 . 62.0
boiling point at standard pressure fC) 100.0 197.2
4. State, in terms of molecular polarity, why 1,2-ethanediol is soluble in water.
5. Identify the class of organic compounds to which 1,2-ethanediol belongs.
6. Calculate the total number of moles of 1,2-ethanediol in the small van's cooling system. Your response must include both a correct numerical setup and the calculated result.
Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
There are several isomers of CsHr The formulas and boiling points for two of these isomers are given in the table below.
isomer Formula Boiling Point at 1 atm fC)
1
H H H H H H ( I 1 f 1 {
H - C - C - C - C - C - C - H i ) 1 i i i
H H H H H H
687
2
H
H " - ^ - " H H { { i
H - C — C — C — C - H i ( 1
H ^ ^ ^ ^ j ^ H H
\ H
49.7
7. Explain, in terms of intermolecular forces, why isomer 2 boils at a lower temperature than isomer 1.
8. Write the empirical formula for isomer 1.
9. Identify the homologous series to which these isomers belong.
10. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
Table sugar, sucrose, is a combination of two simple sugars, glucose and fructose. The formulas below represent these simple sugars.
0 II
H j
Ii n - c
1 - H - C - O H
H - C -1
-OH J 0 = 0 J H O ~ C -"H H O - C - H | - .
H - C - O H 1
H - C - O H
j 1
-OH
-OH
H O - C - H | - .
H - C - O H 1
H - C - O H 1
1
-OH j H - C - O H
1 H
1 H
j H - C - O H
1 H
Glucose Fructose
Explain, in terms of atoms and molecular structm-e, why glucose and fructose are isomers of each other.
11. A gasoline engine bums gasoline in die presence of excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. The main components of gasoline are isomers of octane. A structural formula of octane is shown below.
H H H H H H H H I I I I I i I i
H - G - G - C - C ~ C - C - C - C ~ H I I i I I I I i H H H H H H H H
Draw a structural formula for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.
Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the information below.
Ethyl butanoate is an organic compound that contributes to the odor ofpineapple. Ethyl butanoate is one of the products formed by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol.
2. Identify two differences in the structures between a molecule of butanoic acid and a molecule of ethanol. Each of your responses must include both compounds.
13 -. Identify the.type_o.f.Qrganic_reactiQn that produces the. compoundthat aontrihutes to the. odor of pineapple.
Base your answers to questions 14 and 15 on the information below.
Biodiesel is an alternative fiiel for vehicles that use petroleum diesel. Biodiesel is produced by reacting vegetable oil with CH3OH. Mediyl palmitate, C15H31COOCH3, a compound found in biodiesel, is made from soybean oil. One reaction of methyl palmitate with oxygen is represented by the balanced equation below.
2C15H31COOCH3 + 49O2 -> 34C02 + 34H2O + energy 14. Explain, in terms of both atoms and molecular structure, why there is no isomer of CH3OH.
15. Write the lUPAC name for the compound that reacts with vegetable oil to produce biodiesel.
Name: Period: Isomers/Functional Groups
i) Butanal and butanone have different chemical and physical properties primarily because of differences in tlieir
A) functional groups B) molecular masses C) molecular formulas D) number of carbon atoms per molecule
2) Which two compounds have the same molecular formula but different chemical and physical properties?
A) CH3CH2CI aad CH3CH2Br B) CH3CHCH2 and CH3CH2CH3 C) CH3CHO and CH3COCH3 D) CH3CH2OH and CH3OCH3
3) The two isomers of butane have different
A) formula masses J B) empirical formulas
C) molecular formulas D) structural formulas
4) Given the formulas for two compounds:
H H H H I I t I
H - C - C - 0 - C ~ C - H I I i I H H H H
and
H H I
H H
H ~ C - C - C - C - O H I I I I
H H H H
These compounds differ in
A) gram-formula mass B) molecular formula C) percent composition by mass D) physical properties at STP
5) Given a formula of a functional group: O
- C - O H ic compound that has this functional group ed as
An organic _ is classified as
A) an acid B) an aldehyde
C) an ester D) a ketone
6) The organic compound represented by the condensed structural formula CH3CH2CH2CHO is classified as an
A) alcohol B) aldehyde
C) ester D) ether
7) Which class of compounds contains at least one element from Group 17 of the Periodic Table?
A) aldehyde B) amine
C) ester D) halide
Base your answers to questions 8 and 9 on the information below.
Gasoline is a mixture composed primarily of hydrocarbons such as isooctane, which is also known as 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.
Gasoline is assigned a number called an octane rating. Gasoline with an octane rating of 87 performs the same as a mixture that consists of 87% isooctane and 13% heptane.
An alternative fiiel, E-85, can be used in some automobiles. This fuel is a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline.
8) Identify the functional group in a molecule of ethanol in the alternative fuel E-85.
9) In the space below, draw a structural formula for a molecule of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.
Base your answers to questions l(bnd l ion the information below.
Two hydrocarbons that are isomers of each other are represented by the structural formulas and molecular formulas below.
Hydix>carbon 1 Hydrocarbon 2
H H H H H H H i I I i i l l
H - C = C - C = C - C - H H - C ~ C ~ C - C ^ C - H i I I I I
H H H H H
CsHg C5H3
10]Explain, in terms of structural formulas and molecular formulas, why these hydrocarbons are isomers of each other.
1 l)Explain, in terms of bonds, why these hydrocarbons are unsaturated.
12) Base your answer to the following question on the information below.
A reaction between bromine and a hydrocarbon is represented by the balanced equation below.
H H H H H I I i l l
Br2 + H - C = C ~ C - H - - ^ H - C - C - C - H I I I I I
H H Br Br H
Write the name of the homologous series to which the hydrocarbon belongs.
Base your answers to questions 13 through 15 on the mformation below.
In one industrial organic reaction, C3H6 reacts with water in the presence of a catalyst. This reaction is represented by the balanced equation below.
H H H H H I i catalyst i I I
H - C - C = C - H + HpO H - C - C ~ C - H I I I i
" " " O H "
13) Identify the class of compound to which the product of the reaction belongs.
14) Write the lUPAC name for the organic reactant.
15) Explain, in terms of bonding, why CsHe is classified as an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Base your answers to questions 16 and 17 on the information below.
Glycine, NH2CH2COOH, is an organic compound found in proteins. Acetamide, CH3CONH2, is an organic compound that is an excellent solvent. Both glycine and acetamide consist of the same four elements, but the compounds have different functional groups.
16) Draw a structural formula for acetamide.
17) Identify one functional group in a glycine molecule.
^ i 8 ) Base your answer to the following question on the information below.
The formula below represents a hydrocarbon.
H I
H-H 1
H - C -1
-c -H H 1
H 1
H-H 1
H - C -1 1
- c -1
-C~H 1 1 H
1 H
1 H
1 H
Explain, in terms of carbon-carbon bonds, why this hydrocarbon is saturated.
Base your answers to questions 19 and 20 on the information below.
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for vehicles that use petioleum diesel. Biodiesel is produced by reacting vegetable oil with CH3OH. Methyl palmitate, CisHsiCOOCHs, a compound found in biodiesel, is made from soybean oil. One reaction of methyl palmitate with oxygen is represented by die balanced equation below.
2C15H31COOCH3 + 49O2 -> 34C02 + 34H2O + energy 19) Write the lUPAC name for the compound that reacts with vegetable oil to produce biodiesel.
20) Explain, in terms of both atoms and molecular structure, why there is no isomer of CH3OH.