You and OSHA

What and How To

Comply

PRESENTED BY:Joan M. SpencerCompliance Assistance Specialist Tampa Area Office 813-626-1177

OSHA’s Mission

• To Assure So Far as Possible Every Working Man and Woman in the Nation Safe and Healthful Working Conditions

What’s Covered

• Hazard communication• Respiratory protection• Bloodborne pathogens • Lockout/tagout• Fire protection• Personal

protective equipment

What’s Covered

• Access to medical records• PRCS• Chemical agents• Physical agents• Plain-view hazards• Other injury and

illness trends e.g. ergonomics

Most Frequently Cited StandardsSIC 2673

1910.147 Lockout/Tagout 1910.106 Flammable and Combustible Liquids 1910.1200 Hazard Communication 1910.23 Guarding Floor & Wall Openings and Holes 1910.178 Powered Industrial Trucks 1910.212 Machines, General Requirements1910.215 Abrasive Wheel Machinery 1910.305 Electrical, Wiring Methods1910.303 Electrical Systems Design, General Req1910.26 Portable Metal Ladders 1910.36 Means of Egress, General Requirements 1910.37 Means of Egress, General 1910.146 Permit-Required Confined Spaces 1910.151 Medical Services and First Aid 1910.157 Portable Fire Extinguishers

Most Frequently Cited Training Standards for SIC 2671-2673

1910.1200 Hazard Communication 1910.157 Portable Fire Extinguishers 1910.38 Evacuation Plans 1910.146 PRCS 1910.147 Lockout/Tagout 1910.178 Powered Industrial Trucks

Hazard Communication

• Written program– Chemical list

• MSDSs

• Labeling

• Training

Hazard Communication• Employers shall provide employees with

effective information and training on hazardous chemicals – initial assignment– whenever a new physical or health hazard is

introduced into their work area• Cover categories of hazards

– Flammability– Carcinogenicity– Reactivity

• Chemical-specific information must always be available through labels and material safety data sheets.

Hazard Communication

• Employees shall be informed of:– The requirements of the section– Any operations in their work area

where hazardous chemicals are present

– The location and availability of the written hazard communication program, including the required list(s) of hazardous chemicals and material safety data sheets

Hazard Communication

• Employee training shall include at least:– Methods and observations that may be used to

detect the presence or release of chemical monitoring conducted by the employer

• continuous monitoring devices• visual appearance or odor of hazardous chemicals when

being released– The physical and health hazards of the chemicals in

the work area– Measures employees can take to protect themselves

• engineering controls• appropriate work practices• emergency procedures• personal protective equipment to be used

Hazard Communication

• Employee training shall include at least:– The details of the hazard communication

program developed by the employer• explanation of the labeling system• explanation of the material safety data sheets• how employees can obtain and use the

appropriate hazard information

Portable Fire Extinguishers

• Portable extinguishers are required to have an annual maintenance check– Employer must record the date and

retain the record for one year after the last entry or the life of the shell, whichever is less

Portable Fire Extinguishers

• If extinguishers are provided but are not intended for employees use, and

• Employer has an emergency action plan and a fire prevention plan, then inspection, maintenance and testing of the portable fire extinguishers are the only requirements

Portable Fire Extinguishers

• If provided for employees use – provide an educational program to

familiarize employees with the general principles of fire extinguisher use and the hazards involved with incipient stage firefighting

• Employees trained when employed and annually

Portable Fire Extinguishers

• If employee designated to use fire fighting equipment as part of emergency action plan – provide an educational program to familiarize

employees with the general principles of fire extinguisher use and the hazards involved with incipient stage firefighting

– Employees trained when employed and annually

Emergency Action Plans• Review the plan with each employee

– Initial assignment – Initially when the plan is developed– Whenever the employee’s responsibilities or designated

actions under the plan change, and– Whenever the plan is changed

• Kept at the workplace and made available for employee review

• For those employers with 10 or fewer employees the plan may be communicated orally to employees and the employer need not maintain a written plan

• Apprise employees of the fire hazards of the materials and processes to which they are exposed

Fixed Extinguishing Systems

• Systems for specific standards - not including automatic sprinkling systems– The employer shall train employees

designated to inspect, maintain, operate, or repair fixed extinguishing systems and annually review their training to keep them up-to-date in the functions they are to perform.

Fire Brigades

• If the employer uses a fire brigade– Prepare and maintain a statement or

written policy which establishes the existence of a fire brigade

• Include:– Basic organizational structure– Training to be provided– Functions to be performed– Number of members in the fire brigade

Fire Brigades• Train all fire brigade members

– before they perform fire brigade emergency activities.

• Fire brigade leaders and training instructors’ training and education is more comprehensive

• Training should be conducted frequently or at least annually.

• Fire brigade members who are expected to perform interior structural firefighting shall be provided with an education session or training at least quarterly.

Fire Brigades

• Quality of the training program for fire brigade members shall be similar to those conducted by fire training schools (list in standard.)

• Inform of special hazards e.g. storage and use of flammable liquids, toxic chemicals, radioactive sources, and water reactive substances.

• Advise of any changes that occur in relation to the special hazards.

• The employer shall develop and make available for inspection, written procedures that describe the actions to be taken in situations involving the special hazards.

PRCS• The training shall establish employee proficiency in

the duties – Before the employee is first assigned duties under this

section;– Before there is a change in assigned duties;– Whenever there is a change in permit space operations that

presents a hazard about which an employee has not previously been trained;

– Whenever the employer has reason to believe either that there are deviations from the permit space entry procedures

– Or when there are inadequacies in the employees’ knowledge or use of these procedures.

• Certify that the training has been accomplished. – Employee’s name, – The signatures or initials of the trainers,– Dates of training. – The certification shall be available for inspection

PRCS• There are specific training requirements of:

– Authorized entrants– Attendants– Entry Supervisors

• Examples of information (not inclusive)– Hazards– Signs and symptoms– PPE– Equipment usage

• Site specific and space specific

PRCS• Rescue and emergency services• Trained to properly use the personal protective

equipment and rescue equipment necessary • Trained to perform their assigned rescue duties• Receive the training required of authorized entrants • Practice making permit space rescues at least once

every 12 months, in simulated rescue operations in which they remove dummies or actual persons from the actual permit spaces or from representative permit spaces

• Each member of the rescue service needs to be trained in basic first-aid and in CPR

• At least one member of the rescue service holding current certification in first-aid and in CPR shall be available.

Machine Guarding

• Shake, Rattle or Roll• Point of operation• Transmission devices• Grinding wheels

• CPL 2-1.35• OSHA wide• 40% of nations

workplaces• General industry

employers whose workplaces include shears, saws, slicers, and power presses (the 3s and a P)

National Emphasis ProgramsAmputations

• Energy control program. The employer shall establish a program consisting of energy control procedures, employee training and periodic inspections to ensure that before any employee performs any servicing or maintenance on a machine or equipment where the unexpected energizing, startup or release of stored energy could occur and cause injury, the machine or equipment shall be isolated from the energy source and rendered inoperative.

Lockout/Tagout

Lockout/Tagout

• Procedures shall be developed, documented and utilized for the control of potentially hazardous energy when employees are engaged in the activities covered by this section.

Lockout/Tagout• Training to ensure that the purpose and function of the

energy control program are understood• Each authorized employee

– Recognition of applicable hazardous energy sources– The type and magnitude of the energy available in the workplace– The methods and means necessary for energy isolation and

control.• Each affected employee

– Shall be instructed in the purpose and use of the energy controlprocedure.

• All other employees whose work operations are or may be in an area where energy control procedures may be utilized – Prohibition relating to attempts to restart or reenergize machines or

equipment which are locked out or tagged out.

Lockout/Tagout

• When tagout systems are used, employees shall also be trained in the following limitations of tags:– Tags are essentially warning devices affixed to

energy isolating devices, and do not provide the physical restraint on those devices that is provided by a lock.

– When a tag is attached to an energy isolating means, it is not to be removed without authorization of the authorized person for it, and it is never to be bypassed, ignored, or otherwise defeated.

Lockout/Tagout• Employee retraining

– change in their job assignments– a change in machines, equipment or processes that present a

new hazard– when there is a change in the energy control procedures– whenever a periodic inspection reveals, or whenever the

employer has reason to believe, that there are deviations from or inadequacies in the knowledge or use of the energy control procedures

• The employer shall certify that employee training has been accomplished and is being kept up to date.

• The certification– employee’s name – dates of training. restrictions and prohibitions of the outside

employer’s energy control procedures.

Powered Industrial Trucks

• A mobile, power-propelled truck used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack or tier materials. [American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) definition]

• Excluded are vehicles used for earth moving and over-the-road hauling

• Commonly known as forklifts, pallet trucks, rider trucks, forktrucks, or lift trucks

• Can be powered through electric or combustion engines

Operator Training

• Safe operations– The employer ensure each powered industrial

truck operator is competent– Prior to permitting an employee to operate a

powered industrial truck (except for training purposes), the employer shall ensure that each operator has successfully completed the required training (or previously received appropriate training)

Training Program Content

• Operators shall receive initial training in the following topics–Truck-related

topics–Workplace-

related topics–Requirements

of the standard

Truck-related Topics

– Operating instructions, warnings and precautions

– Differences from automobile

– Controls and instrumentation

– Engine or motor operation

– Steering and maneuvering

– Visibility– Operating limitations

– Fork and attachment adaptation, operation, use

– Vehicle capacity and stability

– Vehicle inspection and maintenance that the operator will be required to perform

– Refueling/Charging/ Recharging batteries

– Other instructions, etc.

– Surface conditions– Composition and

stability of loads– Load manipulation,

stacking, unstacking– Pedestrian traffic– Narrow aisles and

restricted areas– Operating in

hazardous (classified) locations

– Operating on ramps and sloped surfaces

– Potentially hazardous environmental conditions

– Operating in closed environments or other areas where poor ventilation or maintenance could cause carbon monoxide or diesel exhaust buildup

Workplace-related Topics

Electrical

• Conductors and equipment required or permitted are acceptable only if approved– Examination, installation, and use of

equipment – Listed or labeled equipment

• Splices• Arcing parts• Marking • Identification of

disconnecting means

Electrical

• 600 Volts, nominal, or less – Working space – Clear spaces– Access and entrance – Illumination

• Guarding of live parts– By approved cabinets– By location in a room, vault, or similar

enclosure – By elevation of 8 feet or more

Electrical• Cabinets, boxes, and fittings

– Conductors protected from abrasion– Openings through which conductors enter are to be

effectively closed– Unused openings in cabinets, boxes, and fittings

shall be effectively closed• Covers and canopies• Metal covers shall be grounded • Faceplates • Enclosures for damp or wet locations

Control – Isolate Electrical Parts - Cabinets, Boxes & Fittings

Conductors going into them must be protected, and unused openings must be closed

Common Examples of Misused Equipment

• Using multi-receptacle boxes designed to be mounted by fitting them with a power cord and placing them on the floor.

• Improper use of flexible cord • Using equipment outdoors that is labeled for

use only in dry, indoor locations. • Attaching ungrounded, two-prong adapter

plugs to three-prong cords and tools. • Using circuit breakers or fuses with the wrong

rating for over-current protection, e.g. using a 30-amp breaker in a system with 15- or 20-amp receptacles. Protection is lost because it will not trip when the system's load has been exceeded.

Control – Use the Correct Wire

• Wire used depends on operation, building materials, electrical load, and environmental factors

• Use fixed cords rather than flexible cords• Use the correct extension cord

Must be 3-wire type and designed for hard or extra-hard use

Ladder Safety• Extend the ladder 3

feet above the top support, if used to access roof or other elevated surface

• Place ladder on a clean slip free level surface

• Anchor or secure the top of the ladder when the 3 foot extension is not possible

• Place the ladder base ¼ the height of the ladder from the wall

Ladder Safety

• An employee shall not carry any object or load that could cause the employee to lose balance and fall

• Single-rail ladders shall not be used• When ascending or descending a

ladder, the user shall face the ladder• An employee shall use at least one

hand to grasp the ladder when progressing up and/or down the ladder

Ladder Safety• Conductive ladders• Ladders shall be inspected by a

competent person for visible defects on a periodic basis and after any occurrence that could affect their safe use

Personal Protective Equipment

• Properly selected and appropriate for the job

• Provided and required

• No cost to employee

• PPE assessment

Toll Free Phone : 1-866-273-1105http://www.usfsafetyflorida.com

www.osha.gov