� You have already (briefly) been introduced to Roman Numerals

� This chapter will introduce how to say the cardinal numbers in Latin and will go deeper into learning the Roman numerals

� Nota Bene: •  Cardinal numbers are the counting numbers �  (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.)

•  Ordinal numbers put things in order �  (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.)

•  I _____________________ •  II _____________________ •  III _____________________ •  IV _____________________ •  V _____________________ •  VI _____________________ •  VII _____________________ •  VIII _____________________ •  IX _____________________ •  X _____________________

unus duo tres quattuor quinque sex septem octo novem decem

•  XI _____________________ •  XII _____________________ •  XIII _____________________ •  XIV _____________________ •  XV _____________________ •  XVI _____________________ •  XVII _____________________ •  XVIII _____________________ •  XIX _____________________ •  XX _____________________

undecim duodecim tredecim quattuordecim quindecim sedecim septemdecim duodeviginti undeviginti viginti

� Cardinal numbers are indeclinable (not able to have the endings changed) except for _______________, ______________, and ____________.

unus duo tres

� The most familiar Roman numerals are:

unus quinque

decem quinquaginta

centum quingenti

mille

� XX _________________________________ •  XXI ___________________________ •  XXII ___________________________ •  XXIII___________________________

� XXX_________________________________ � XL _______________________________

viginti unus et viginti duos et viginti tres et viginti

triginta quadraginta

� L _________________________________ � LX _________________________________ � LXX_________________________________ � LXXX_________________________________ � XC _________________________________ � C _________________________________

quinquaginta sextaginta

septuaginta octoginta

nonaginta centum

Base Number

(usually biggest)

Add to base

Subtract from base

For example: 783

DCC (base) (700)

LXXX (+ 80) (780)

III (+ 3) (783)

DCCLXXXIII (783)

=

Numbers have to be grouped by thousands, hundreds, tens and ones

Base Number

(usually biggest)

Add to base

Subtract from base

For example: 94

XC (base)

(90)

IV (+ 4 more)

(94)

CXIV (94)

=

Base Number

(usually biggest)

Add to base

Subtract from base

For example: 4678

MMMM (base) (4000)

DC (+ 600 more)

(4600)

LXX (+ 70) (4670)

VIII (+ 8)

(4678)

MMMMDCLXXVIII (4678) =

duos canes

II

octo discipuli VIII

una luna I

tres magistri III

tria ova III

quattuor equi IV

quinque cerasi V

una ianua

I

una rosa I

duae feminae

II

sex stellae VI

duos discipuli II

� A good trick to solving word problems (both in English and Latin!) is to look for clues that determine •  what numbers you’re supposed to use •  what kind of math you’re supposed to execute

� Habet = has � Intrat = enter

•  as in “she enters the shop with ________ dollars � Constat/constant = costs � Restant = remain

•  as in “she has ______ dollars remaining” � manet = stay

•  as in “she stays with her sister for ______ weeks” � dsds