you must be the change you wish to see in the world. mahatma gandhi copyright 2011 brooks/cole, a...

YOU MUST BE THE CHANGE YOU WISH TO SEE IN THE WORLD.

MAHATMA GANDHI

Copyright 2011 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning

Chapter 16

Consultation and Collaboration

Consultation


A process in which the counselor works with (parent, teacher, administrator) with the goal of positive change in the child

Voluntary problem-solving process with goals of enhanced services and improved functioning

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model


Individual Consultation


Group Consultation


Mental Health Consultation


Client-centered case consultation Usually type of individual consultation with focus on

client’s skill deficits.Consultee-centered case consultation

Usually type of individual consultation with focus on consultee’s skill deficits.

Program-centered administrative consultation Usually type of group consultation with focus on

client/group’s skill deficits.Consultee-centered administrative

consultation Usually type of group consultation with focus on

consultee’s skill deficits.

Consultation with Children


Typical tasks involve the following:

professional development workshops

assisting teachersproviding resourcesinterpreting informationconsult with other specialists

Mental Health Consultation


Focus on primary prevention and helping professionals as well as others

Interaction between 2 professionals

Consultant an expert, diagnoses a problem and provides a solution

Process Consultation


A skill, interest in how things happen rather than what is done

Set of activities to help the consultee perceive, understand, and act upon events within one’s environment

focus on how problems are solved and the system in which they occur

Process Consultation


Consultant and consultee examine six areas: Communication patterns Group member roles Group problem solving and decision

making Group norms and growth Leadership and authority Intergroup cooperation and competition

Behavioral Consultation


More structured model; application of systems theory and principles of learning to a problem-solving process:Problem identification and analysisSelection of target behaviorBehavioral objectivesPlan, design, implementationEvaluate of behavioral change

program

Cross-Cultural Consultation


Ingraham (2000) suggests

Support consultee successValue multiple perspectivesCreate emotional safety and support

Cross-cultural Consultation


Brown, Pryzwansky and Schulte provide questions to assessHierarchy

Who is in charge? How formal do I be?Who should be involved

What family should be here? …school personnel?

What leads to use How do I get them to open up and talk?

Allowing the right not to participate How do I make them feel comfortable

and not forced?

The Consulting Process


1. Pre-entryLook at oneself to see if you are right

for the task and services to be provided

2. Entry, problem exploration and contractinglearn about needs, presenting problem, people involved, previous interventions, and expectations of seeker

The Consulting Process (Cont.)


3. Diagnosis stageInformation gathering, problem confirmation, goal setting, and potential interventions

4. Solution searching and intervention selectionavoid favorite paradigmconsider human and structural factors

The Consulting Process (Cont.)


5. Evaluation

Ensures professional effectivenessWere goals achieved?Did interventions work?

6. Termination

Describe what was and was not successfulLook for areas of improvement

Myrick’s approach


1. Identify the problem clearly.2. Clarify the situation.3. Determine the desired outcome.4. Gather any needed information.5. Develop a plan of action.6. Evaluate and revise as needed.

General Problem Solving Model


Stop and ThinkStopThinkChooseDoEvaluate

Consultation Interventions


Role Shift Teaching consultee to changing one’s own

behavior to elicit behavior change in another person

Identify what behavior that consultee is doing to encourage negative response from client.

Logical Consequences experience natural consequence rather

than punishment teach rules of society

Consultation Interventions


Listing of Behaviors Can determine a baseline. Happening an inappropriate amount of times?

Isolation Techniques unacceptable behavior =removal from group quiet place, but not out of sight if worse, time out room in extreme situations, they will be removed

from the location all together (suspension, etc.)

Collaboration


Friend and Cook (2000) definition

A style for direct interaction between 2 co-equal parties voluntarily engaged in shared decisions making process as they work towards a common goal.

Collaboration


Collaboration


Five stages of problem solving for collaborative consultation:

1. Coming together2. Defining a shared vision3. Developing a plan4. Taking action5. Evaluating progress

Guidelines on whether to use collaboration or consultation


Determine how the two services are viewed by the consumer

Counselor should reflect on their personal reactions to the two services and comfort with each

Collaboration may be method if parameters of consultation impossible

Fundamental to choice is nature of problem, the context in which it occurs and the skills of everyone involved.

Reasons for Collaboration


Collaborative efforts may involve nurturing relationships to:

increase resourcesenhance effectivenessdecrease fragmentationcost efficiency

Teaming


Specialized work purposeHave shared goals and are

interdependentEach team member is aware of the focus,

the responsibilities and the plan for accomplishing the task

Assessment as an Intervention


Counselors often use a variety of tools to help understand children

Some of the more commonly used assessment tools are interviews, case histories and behavioral observations

Sattler has a great list of interviewing techniques.

Mental Status Exam


Observations include:

1. General appearance, behavior, attitude

2. Speech characteristics and thought process

3. Emotional status and reactions4. Content of thought

Mental Status Exam (Cont.)


Observations include:

5. Orientation and awareness6. Memory7. General intellectual functioning

8. Insight9. MSE Summary

Formal Tests


Intelligence TestsProjective TechniquesAchievement TestsAptitude TestsOther tests, surveys, or scales

DEMONSTRATIONROLE PLAY

APPLICATION


Class Project:Consultation

What does it look like…


Roles School Psychologist (consultant) Parent

Client Younger Child

Identified problem Teacher/ Child Conflict

Let me try…


Roles Teacher Parent Counselor or School Psychologist (consultant)

Client 7-year-old Male Middle –class, English speaking

Identified problem Is being bullied by several children No physical harm; only emotional harm

In the real world…


Roles Your team (multiple consultants)

Client Inner-city, alternative, high school

Identified problem School is finding a recent increase in teen pregnancy

by 50% from last year.

you must be the change you wish to see in the world. mahatma gandhi copyright 2011 brooks/cole, a...

Documents

group consultation copyright

process consultation

administrative consultation

principles of learning

competition slide

children copyright

collaboration slide

solution slide