You will need a sheet of Cornell Paper on your desk Turn your desk to face the screen First and last name next to the

Bulldog Class period next to your name Title of notes across from

Bulldog=Anti-Semitism: A Brief History

The HolocaustThe Literature

Anti-Semitism:A Brief

History •Definition: prejudice against Jews

– Social, economic, and political discrimination

•In the early Roman empire it was only very rarely that a Jew was granted Roman citizenship

Anti-Semitism:A Brief

History •Early Christians blamed all Jews for the crucifiction of Christ

•Jews were labled as “Christ Killers”

•Label persisted for centuries •Officially repudiated by Vatican II

Council in 1964

Pogroms

•Prejudice against Jews persisted throughout Europe

•Local communities often persecuted Jews

The Inquisition •15th Century Spain put Jews on

trial •Jews were

– forced to convert to Christianity– expelled– killed

Ghetto Laws--1800’s

•Jews were forced to live in walled off sections of cities

•Jews were required to wear badges identifying them as Jews

•Jews could not own property or hold public office

Early 1900’s

•The Rise of Nationalism– Unity created by demonizing a

common enemy •PsuedoScience

– Supposedly “Scientific” theories proving Jews and other minorities were inferior to whites

– Stephen Jay Gould’s reanalysis of skull volume data

A Long History…Hitler did not invent the wheel! •Hitler based his

popular support on these centuries of prejudice

•His genius was to guide and intensify this prejudice

A Stunning Fact:

6 million Jews were killed in less than ten years during Hitler’s reign...

…more than in all of the centuries of anti-semitism that preceded it!

Nazi Anti-Semitism

Jewish/Non-Jewish marriage forbidden

Jewish Property Seized Concentration Camps

Kristallnacht, 1938--things take an uglier

turn •Jewish conspiracy blamed for assassination of minor German official

•7500 Jewish businesses destroyed •237 Synagogues were burned •26,000 Jews were arrested, many

beaten, 91 died •Jews were fined $400 million for

damage done to their own property

A Synagogue burns that awful night…

The Final Solution…

Auschwitz and the Death Camps... Factories designed to kill the largest

number of people possible as cheaply as possible and as fast as possible

Methods of Extermination:

Cyanide Gas Carbon Monoxide Gas Machine Guns Flamethrowers Lethal Injections Medical “Experiments”

Jewish prisoner submerged in ice water…

The Ovens… The gruesome attempt to hide the evidence

The Literature of the HolocaustThe stories of the survivors… Lest We Forget!

end