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YouthEmpowermentIndianYouth:EmergingPower

JobCreation:ChallengesandWayForward

MakingaNationofJobCreators

Youth:AChangeAgent

FlagBearersofIndianCulture

DistanceandOnlineEntrepreneurshipEducationinIndia

QualityEducationforEmpoweringIndianYouth

BringingYouthtotheMainstream

3rdInternationalDayofYogaBringingHarmonyBetweenBodyandMind

ReconnectingwithOneself

IndirectTaxReformsGST-TheGameChanger

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IndianYouth:EmergingPower

DefinitionofYouth:Theterm‘Youth’hasbeendefinedbyUNESCO-is“bestunderstoodasaperiodoftransition

fromthedependenceonchildhoodtoadulthood’sindependenceandawarenessofour

independenceasmembersofacommunity.Youthisamorefluidcategorythanafixedage

group.”

ImportanceofYouth:

• AspertheannualreportoftheMinistryofYouthAffairsandSports(Departmentof

YouthAffairs),2016-17,theyouthmakeuptobethemostenthusiasticsegmentfor

anyinstitutionforgovernance.

• FromtheLGBTQmovementtothe‘equalrightforwomen’andfromenvironmental

concernstohumanrights-theyouthhavebeenatthecentreofactivities

encompassingmultifariousarenasinpubliclifeandoftenactasaworkablepressure

group.• Theyouthhaveaninnateabilitytoadapttotheever-changingsocietaldynamicsand

thus,shouldbeatthecoreofeconomic/sociallymeaningfulactions.

• Theyouthcanactasabridgebetweentwogenerations.Theyoutharebasicallythe

catalystofnewsocialthinking,economicdevelopmentandpoliticalactivity.

• TheYouthcanactasagentsspurringsocietalchange.Forexample,theyoungtoday

arenolongersorigidinmattersofinter-diningandinter-communitymarriage.

NationalYouthPolicy2014:

“TheNationalYouthPolicy2014proposesaholisticvisionfortheyouthofIndia,whichisto

empoweryouthofthecountrytoachievetheirfullpotentialandthroughthemenableIndia

tofinditsrightfulplaceinthecommunityofnations”.

ObjectivesandPriorityareasofthepolicy:

(i) Creatingaproductiveworkforcethatcanmakeasustainablecontributionto

India’seconomicdevelopment.

Thepriorityareasforthisare:

• Education

• Entreprenuership

• Employmentandskilldevelopment

(ii) Developastrong,healthygenerationequippedtotakeonfuturegenerations.To

beoperatedthrough:

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• Health-healthylifestyle

• Sports

(iii) Instilsocialvaluesandpromotecommunityservicetobuildrationalownership-

operativetoolsare

• Promotionofsocialvalues

• CommunityEngagements

(iv) Facilitateparticipationandcivicengagementsatallcentresofgovernancetobe

operatedthrough

• Participationinpoliticsandgovernance

• Youthengagement

(v) Supportyouthatriskandcreateequitableopportunitiesforalldisadvantaged

andmarginalizedyouth.ThepriorityareasbeinginclusionandSocialJustice.

AlookatcurrentGovernmentInitiatives:• TheNehruYuvaKendraSangathanhasbeenmandatedfordeveloping

andengagingyouthinnationbuildingactivities.

• TheNationalServiceScheme(NSS)developsthemoraleandhumanistic

personalitythroughvoluntarysocialservice.

• Therealsoexiststhe‘NationalProgrammesforYouthandAdolescent

Development’.ItisalsoaccompaniedbyNationalyouthfestivalsand

awardstofacilitateandencouragetheyoung.

• SkillupgradationTraningprogram(SUTP):Itaimstodevelopvocational

trainingskillwiththehelpoftrainedmasterstohelpgenerateextra

incomeandboostself-confidence.Thisprogrammealsoaimsto

recognizethelocalneedandthusimpartsvocationaltraining.

• PromotionofFolkArt,CultureandYuvaKriti:Withthe‘GenerationX’

obsessedaboutthewest-thisprogrammecomesasthemuchneeded

taskmastertoprovideopportunitytotheruralyouthtoshowcaseand

promotetheircultureandtalent.

• MahatmaGandhiYuvaSwachtaAbhiyaanandShramdaanKaryakram:toalertandengagetheyouthincontributingtothecleanlinessdriveand

waterconservation.• LifeSkillTrainingforadolescents(EmpowermentforAdolescents):

Thisisanimportantandmajorinitiativeforithighlightsthepsychological

derailmentoftheyouth,andtrainingyouthinamannerthatenables

themtocopewithpressureandmakehealthylifechoices.Thisscheme

alsoaimstosensitizeandmakeawaretheadolescentaboutreproductive

sexualhealth,theissuesandconcerns.• TribalYouthExchangeProgramme(TYEP):Theaimistopickuppotential

youthfromtheleftwingextremismaffectedtribalbeltandtourthemto

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otherpartsofthenation.Itenablesthemtodevelopandnationalizetheir

mindsetwithouttheinfluenceofadominantlocalideology.TYEPalso

providesanopportunitywherelearningbyexperiencemaybeputinto

practiceinrespectivetribalhometownswhoseyouthhaveseenthe

magicofdevelopment;infrastructuralgrowthandskilldevelopment.• North-EastYouthExchangeProgramme:UndertheNehruYuvaKendra

SangathaninanjointeffortwiththeMinistryofYouthAffairsand

MinistryofHomeAffairs,aimsatacollaborationofNorthEasternYouth

withtheyouthofMaharashtratodevelopanunderstandingofsocio-

economicdevelopmentandethosofculturallydiverselifestyles.

ChallengesthattheYouthFace:• Theyoungtodayhavesadlybeensubjectedtotheill-effectsoffast

growingurbansuturesandaredrawntocrimeseventomaintainaliving.

Amajorreasonforthisnegativeoutlookisthedisparitybetween

availabilityandaccessibility.

• Whilethereareprogrammesandinitiativesundertakenbythe

Government-themethodormeanstoavailofthemhasnotbeeneasy.

• Infact,thedominanthurdlesinaccessingthesefacilitiesarethe‘financial

constraints’orthe‘socialstructure’.

• Academiahasnotbeenfullysensitiveandwelcomingtothe‘ongrowing

crisisofyouthidentity’.

TheWayForward:

• Thereisanurgentneedtorecognize,acceptandappreciatetheworking

ofayoungmind.Thisrecognitionhastobesubstantiallydifferentfrom

thestrictandrigidmind-setofexpectationsfromtheyouth.

• Theyouth’scapablepotentialcanbeputtopluralbenefitswithamere

inclusionoftheinter-disciplinaryapproachinimpartingeducation.

• TheGovernmentthroughitsvariousmeanshastrieditsbesttobringout

thepotentialandcapabilityofeachindividualyouth,thatnotonlyhelps

inpersonalitydevelopmentbutfosteranemergingnationalglobal

dominantvoice.

• Thetransformingyouthshallbethetorchbearersofamuchsensitized,

consciousandharmoniousworld.

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JobCreation:ChallengesandWayForward

ImportantObervations:

• Indiahastheworld’slargestyouthpopulationcomprisingofaroundone-

fifthofthetotalworldyouthpopulation.

• Indianyouthcancontributetohighereconomicgrowthifproperly

absorbedinthelabourmarket.

• Morethanhalf(60.3percent)ofIndia’spopulationfallswithinthe

‘working’agecategoryof15-59yearsandaboutaquarter(27.5percent)

inthe‘youth’categoryof15-29years.Thisdataisaccordingtothe

CensusofIndia,2011.

• Indiaadds10millionyoungpeopletothelabourmarketeveryyear.

• Asaresult,thecountryisexperiencingayouthbulgewhichismore

pronouncedinthenorthernandeasternbackwardstatesofthecountry.

SomeImportantTerminologies:

• WorkerParticipationRate:WorkerParticipationRate(WPR)denotestheproportion

ofworkers/employedpersonstototalpopulation.

• UnemploymentRate:UnemploymentRateistheproportionofpersonswhowere

availableforworkbutdidnotgetworkandarestillseekingwork.

ChallengesandConcerns:

• Thenumberofjobscreatedeachyearisinadequatetoabsorbthis

growingpopulationofyouthinthelabourmarket.

• Unemploymentishigherinurbanthaninruralareasandforfemales

comparedtomales.

• Theunemploymentrateamongyoungfemalesinurbanareasis

alarminglyhighat28percent.

• Unemploymentamongeducatedyouthisbecomingincreasinglymore

acuteasthelevelofunemploymentamongyouthriseswithincreasein

thelevelofeducation.

• Morethanone-thirdofeducatedfemalesaged18-29years,having

completedcertificatecourseordiplomadegreesatundergraduateand

graduatelevelsareunemployed.

• Unfortunately,itisobservedthattheIndianlabourmarketisnotonly

creatinginadequatejobs,butthatdiscriminationprevailsagainstfemales

inrecruitmentandhiringpracticesinthelabourmarket.

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GovernmentInitiatives:

• TheIndianGovernmenthasintroducedanumberofemployment

generationschemestoaddressthisproblem.Theseinclude:

• PrimeMinisterEmploymentGenerationProgramme(PMEGP)

• SwaranajayantiGramSwarozgarYojana(SGSY)

• SwarnaJayantiShahariRozgarYojana(SJSRY)

• ‘MakeinIndia’

• ‘SkillIndia’

• StartupIndiaandStand-upIndia:a)TheGovernmenthadinitiated‘The

Start-upIndia’and‘Stand-upIndia’inJanuary2016toencourage

entrepreneurshipbyprovidingassistancesuchastaxbenefitsandamega

start-upfundofRs.10,000crores.b)The‘Stand-upIndia’schemewas

launchedinJanuary,2016anditwasaimedatpromoting

entrepreneurshipamongmarginalizedgroupssuchasscheduledcastes

(SCs),scheduledtribes(STs),andwomen.

• PradhanMantriMudraYojana(PMMY):Thisschemeprovidesaccessto

institutionalfinancetomicro/smallbusinessunits.UnderthePMMY,

threekindsofloanscanbesanctioned.Theseloanssignifythestageof

growth/developmentandfundingneedsoftheunit.Theyare

a) Shishu(Rs50,000)

b) Kishor(Rs50,000toRs5,00,000)c) Tarun(Rs5,00,000toRs10,00,000)

• Start-upVillageEntrepreneurshipProgramme(SVEP):Inorderto

promoteentrepreneurshipinruralareas,thegovernmentis

planningtolaunchthe“Start-upVillageEntreprenuership

Programme”(SVEP).TheobjectiveoftheSVEPistoenergizeand

streamlineeconomicgrowthbyprovidingnecessarythrustfrom

thegrassroots,i.e.villages,towardscreationofsustainableself-

employmentopportunities.SVEPisexpectedtosupportcreation

andstrengtheningofabout1.82lakhvillageenterprisesin125

blocksacross24Statesinfouryearsi.e.2015-19.Thisinitiativeis

expectedtocreateemploymentforabout3.78lakhpersons.

ConcludingRemarks:

• Indiaisgoingthroughaphaseofdemographictransitiondueto

whichtheproportionofyouthinthetotalpopulationisincreasing.

Anincreasingnumberofyouthrequiregoodeducationanda

steadycreationofsuitablejobs.Itisunfortunatethatwhileonthe

onehandIndiahasoneofthelowestparticipationrateforwomen

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intheworld,ontheother,theunemploymentratesamongthe

youngwomenwhoarejoiningthelabourforceareextremely

high.

• Employmentcreationneedstobepartofmacroandother

economicpolicies.

• Indianeconomyhasnotcreatedenoughjobsandtoaccelerate

theprocessofjobcreation,differentministriesneedtoinclude

jobcreationinalltheirprogrammesandpolicies.

• Also,alargepartofcentralandeasternIndiahasnotbeenableto

experiencegrowthandemploymentcreationasinwesternand

southernIndia.Suchregionalinequalityneedstobecorrected.

• Thereisneedforsustainablepoliciesandprogrammessothat

moreandmorewomengetemployment.

MakingaNationofJobCreators

Background:

Indianeeds10millionjobsayearandglobaldatashowsthatitisstart-ups,notlarge

enterprisesthatcreatenetnewjobsinanycountry.Start-upsarealsothecentersof

innovationandareagreatwaytoenhanceemploymentcreationintheeconomy.

WhatisaStart-up?

• Astart-upisayoungcompanythatisjustbeginningtodevelop.Start-upsareusually

smallandinitiallyfinancedandoperatedbyahandfuloffoundersoroneindividual.

Thesecompaniesofferaproductorservicethatisnotcurrentlybeingoffered

elsewhereinthemarket,orthatthefoundersbelieveisbeingofferedinaninferior

manner.

BusinessCycleofStart-ups:

a) Intheearlystages,start-upcompanies’expensestendtoexceedtheirrevenuesas

theyworkondeveloping,testingandmarketingtheiridea.Assuch,theyoften

requirefinancing.

b) Startupsmaybefundedbytraditionalsmallbusinessloansfrombanksorcredit

unions,bygovernmentsponsoredsmallbusinessadministrationloansfromlocal

banks,orbygrantsfromnon-profitorganizationsandstategovernments.

TypesofStartups:

Start-upsareessentiallyoftwokinds.

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a) Onethatstartssomethinggroundup,somethingthatnoonehasthoughtaboutand

isoftengroundbreaking.Thistypeofstart-upisdifficulttocreatebutoncecreated,

oftenseesunprecedentedgrowth.

b) Thesecondkindofstart-upsareprimarilytheoneswhodonotwanttoreinventthe

wheel.Theyareakintoaddingoldwineinanewbottletocreatesomethingnew

andinnovative.

Challengesthatstart-upsface:

• Thereisnoformalmechanismtomentorstart-upsinthecountry.Unfortunately,

everymentoringthathappensisonanad-hocbasis.Honest,unbiased,good

businessmentorsarefarandfewinbetween.

• Therearechallengesoffunding,patentsandcreationofintellectualproperty.

• Thereisalongprocessofregistrationofpatentsandlackofincentivesforresearch

anddevelopment.Infact,thisisoneofthereasonswhymanystart-upsprefertobe

domiciledabroad.

GovernmentFinancingInitiatives:

• PradhanMantriMicroUnitsDevelopmentandRefinanceAgencyLimited(MUDRA):ThisschemestartedwithaninitialcorpusofRs.20,000croretoextendbenefitsto

around10lakhsSMEs.Onecansubmitabusinessplanandonceapproved,theloan

getssanctioned.OnegetsaMUDRACard,whichislikeacreditcardthatcanbeused

topurchaserawmaterials,otherexpenses,etc.

• Bootstrappingorselffunding:Self-funding,alsoknownasbootstrapping,isaneffectivewayofstart-upfinancing,especiallywhenyouarejuststartingyour

business.

• CrowdFunding:Crowdfundingisliketakingaloan,pre-order,contributionorinvestmentsfrommorethanonepersonatthesametime.Inthis,astart-upwillput

upadetaileddescriptionofhis/herbusinessonacrowdfundingplatform.He/she

willmentionthegoalsofhis/herbusiness,plansformakingaprofit,howmuch

fundingheneedsandforwhatreasons,etc.andthenconsumerscanreadaboutthe

businessandgivemoneyiftheyliketheidea.

• AngelInvestment:Angelinvestorsareindividualswithsurpluscashandakeeninteresttoinvestinupcomingstart-ups.Theyalsoworkingroupsofnetworksto

collectivelyscreentheproposalsbeforeinvesting.Angelinvestorscanalsooffer

mentoringoradvicealongsidecapital.

• VentureCapital(VC):Venturecapitalsareprofessionallymanagedfundswhoinvest

incompaniesthathavehugepotential.Theyusuallyinvestinabusinessagainst

equityandexitwhenthereisanIPOoranacquisition.VCsprovideexpertise,

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mentorshipandactasalitmustestofwheretheorganisationisgoing,evaluatingthe

businessfromthesustainabilityandscalabilitypointofview.

• BusinessIncubators&Accelerators:EarlystagebusinessescanconsiderIncubatorandAcceleratorprogramsasafundingoption.Incubatorsarelikeaparenttoachild,

whonurturethebusinessprovidingsheltertoolsandtrainingandnetworktoa

business.Acceleratorsarealmostorlessthesamething,butanincubator

helps/assists/nurturesabusinesstowalk,whileacceleratorhelpstorun/takeagiant

leap.

• MicrofinanceProvidersorNBFCs:Microfinanceisbasicallyaccessoffinancial

servicestothosewhowouldnothaveaccesstoconventionalbankingservices.

NBFCsorNon-BankingFinancialCorporationsarecorporationsthatprovideBanking

serviceswithoutmeetinglegalrequirement/definitionofabank.

GovernmentInitiatives:

Start-UpActionPlanhasa19-pointagendaincludingincentivessuchasself-certificationfor

complyingwithlabourandenvironmentregulations,apaneloffacilitatorstohelpfile

patentandintellectualpropertyapplications,taxexemptionsforseedfunding,capitalgains

andthreeyearholidayonincometaxaswellasaRs.10,000crorefinancingsupportthrough

afundoffundsforfouryears.

Start-upIndia’s19-PointActionPlan:

1) Self-certificationCompliance

2) SinglePointofContactviaStart-upIndiaHub3) SimplifyingProcesseswithMobileAppandPortal(forregistration,filingcompliances

andobtaininginformation)

4) LegalSupport,FastTrackingand80percentreductioninpatentregistrationfee5) RelaxedNormsofPublicProcurement

6) Easier&FasterExit7) FundingSupportviaaFundofFundscorpusofINR10,000crore8) CreditGuaranteeFunding9) TaxExemptiononCapitalGains

10) 3-YearIncomeTaxExemption

11) TaxExemptiononInvestmentsaboveFairMarketValue(FMV)

12) AnnualStart-upFests(nationalandinternational)13) LaunchofWorld-classInnovationHubsunderAtalInnovationMission

14) SetupofcountrywideIncubatorNetwork15) InnovationcentrestoaugmentIncubationandR&D

16) ResearchParkstopropelinnovation

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17) PromoteEntrepreneurshipinBiotechnology

18) InnovationFocussedProgramsforStudents

19) AnnualIncubatorGrandChallenge

ConcludingRemarks:

• ItcanbeconcludedthatStart-upcompaniesarethemostdynamiceconomic

organizationsonthemarket,sincetheyvideadditionaldynamicsand

competitivenesstoanyeconomicsystem.Theyactasacatalyticagentforchange,

whichresultsinchainreaction.Onceanenterpriseisestablished,theprocessof

industrializationissetinmotion.

• Alltheseactivitiesfosterentrepreneurshipandcreatedemandforvarioustypesof

unitsandwillinturn,leadtooveralldevelopmentofanareaduetoincreasein

demandandsettingupofmoreandmoreunits.

• Indigenousstart-upswillnotonlymakethelivesofthepeopleeasierthroughtheir

affordableandconvenientservicesbutwillalsoactasamajorboosterforthe

developmentandtheprogressoftheIndianeconomy.

FlagBearersofIndianCulture

Background:

Sincetimeimmemorial,IndianyouthshaveplayedtheroleofflagbearersofIndianwisdom,

civilizationandcultureacrosstheworld.SwamiVivekanandaisbelievedtobethefirst

“PravasiBhartiya”ofIndiawhoendowedtheworldwithsomethingthatcouldbecherished

throughoutthehumancivilization.ThetraditionofspreadingIndianideasandvaluesacross

theglobedatesbackto2ndcenturyBCwhentheyoungsonanddaughterofMauryan

emperorAshokawenttoSriLanka(Ceylon)andestablishedBuddhisminSouthAsia.

Thelegaciesofsuchspiritedyouthsarestillbeingcarriedaheadbymillionsofyoung

talentedIndianswhohavetoday,madetheirpresencefeltinalmosteachandeverycorner

oftheglobe.

IndianDiaspora:AYouthBrigade

• TheUnitedNationsinternationalmigrationreport2015observesthatthemedian

ageofallinternationalmigrantsisjust39years.

• Indiahasastrong25milliondiasporaspreadthroughouttheworld.

• AccordingtoasurveyconductedbytheUNDepartmentofEconomicandSocial

Affairs(DESA),in2015,India’sdiasporapopulationisthelargestintheworld.

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• TheUnitedStatesofAmericaalonehasapproximately3.2millionIndiansholding

variouskindsofvisasandcitizenships.

PhasesofIndianEmigration

FirstPhase:• SinceIndia’srelationswiththeoutsideworldinthecolonialerawerelargelyshaped

bytheBritishinterests,Indiandiasporahasasubstantialpresenceinsuchcountries

oftheworldwhichwerecolonizedbytheImperialBritishgovernment.

• Thus,sizeablepresenceofIndiandiasporainAustralia,NewZealand,Fiji,West

Indies,andEastAfricancountriesisnotsurprising.

• LondonbecameoneofthenervecentersofIndianyouth.MadamKamalatersettled

inPariswhereshebroadenedtheambitofIndianpresence.Similarly,abunchof

youngrevolutionariesfoundedtheGhadrmovementintheUnitedStatesofAmerica

andCanada,thusdevelopingthesecountriesalsoasprominentcentersofcontact

andregularexchange.

SecondPhase:

• However,themostremarkablephaseofIndianemigrationstartedaftertheeraof

decolonization.

• OpeningofqualityinstitutesofhighereducationlikeIITsinIndiagaveanimpetusto

theyoungtalentedtechnicalgraduatestograbopportunitiesindevelopedcountries

ofWestEuropeandNorthAmerica.

• SomeofthempermanentlysettledincountriesliketheUnitedKingdomandthe

UnitedStatesofAmerica.

ThirdPhase:

• ThelaterphaseofliberalizationinIndiasawthegenerationofhugeoffshore

opportunityforyoungtalentedIndians.

• Risingproductionandlabourcostindevelopedcountriespersuadedthemtosearch

forcheapalternativesandbothIndianlandandlabourinhandyfortheirneeds.

• GiantAmericantechnicalcompanieshiredcheapbutequallytalentedIndian

technocratsathalfthepriceofAmericantechnocrats.

• ItbenefittedtheAmericancompaniesbyreducingtheircostsandincreasingthe

profit.

• Ontheotherhand,itprovidedrespectfulemploymenttothejoblessyoungIndian

technicalgraduates.Itwasthusawin-winsituationforboththecountries.

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SiliconValley:ATaleofSuccessfulIndianEntrepreneurs

In1960,therewereonly12,000IndianimmigrantsintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,most

ofthemeitherunskilledworkersorlowskilleduneducatedfarmers.However,positive

changesintheUSimmigrationact1990,inducedlargeinfluxofhighlyskilled,young

educatedIndiansintotheUSA.

From1980-2013,thepopulationofskilledIndiansincreasedfrom206,000to2.04

million,roughlydoublingeverydecade.

Today,Indiancitzensarethetoprecipientsoftemporaryhigh-skilledworkerH1-Bvisas,

accountingfor70percentofthe316,000H1-BpetitionsapprovedbyUScitizenshipand

Immigrationservicesinthefiscalyear2014.

SiliconValleyintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,whichisthelargestglobalhubofsoftware

technologiesandstart-upshasovertheyearsacquiredanIndianface.Someofthegiant

softwarecompanieslocatedinSiliconValleylikeGoogle,Microsoft,AMD,Adobe,etc.

haveIndianCEO’s.OtherbigcompaniesandstartupfirmslikeFacebook,Motorolla,

ReckittBenckiser,MasterCardetc.haveIndianmanagershandlingkeyglobalbusiness

affairs.

DiasporaTieswiththeUnitedKingdom

• TheUKhasaround2millionBritish-Indiancitizenswhoimmigratedandsettledin

Britainindifferentphases.

• Majorityofthispopulationisyounganddynamicandthirdgeneration

immigrants,whoareentreprenuers,businessmen,technocrats,managersand

doctorsofthehighestrepute.

• YoungIndianshavesowellassimilatedwiththeBritishpolitico-socialculturethat

theycontestelectionsandparticipateactivelyintheentirepoliticalprocessof

thecountry.Arecordnumberof10Indianorigincandidateswonparliamentary

electionsintheUKin2015,mostofthemyoung.

DiasporaTieswiththeGulfCountriesandMalaysia

• TherearebroadlytwokindsofcontemporarydiasporicflowsfromIndia.

Thefirsttypeconsistsofhighlyskilledprofessionals,workersandstudents

engagedinwhitecollarjobs,whousuallyemigratetocountriesliketheUSA,UK,

Canada,Australia,andNewZealand.

• Theothermajorclassofemigrantsisthatofsemi-skilledandunskilledworkers

whohaveshownmassiveemigratingtendenciestotheGulfCountriesand

Malaysia.

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• KeralahasthehighestnumberofresidentsservingintheGulfcountries.Young

Keralagirlshavesuccessfullytakenupthejobsofnursesandmidwivesinsuper

specialityhospitalsinGulfcountries.

• ThelargeIndianexpatriateclassinthesecountrieshaspopularizedIndianculture

andBollywoodfilmsinGulfcountries.

CriticalObservations:

• Indiareceivesapproximately,$70billionasremittancesfromitsexpatriate

communitylivinginvariouspartsoftheworld.Thisisthehighestamount

receivedbyanycountry.

• Indiahasbenefittedbothculturallyandeconomicallyfromitsexpatriate

community.

• However,thedepartureabroadofalargenumberofwell-trainedIndians

naturallyhasledtoconcernsabout“BrainDrain”inIndia.In2010,Indiaranked

firstinsendingaround60,000youngtraineddoctorstoothercountries.India

alsosuppliesthemosttrainedforeigndoctorstoEnglishspeakingOrganization

forEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)countries.Suchmassive

emigrationofhealthprofessionalshashadanegativeimpactonIndia,especially

inruralareaswherethedearthofdoctorsisalreadysohigh.

GovernmentInitiatives:

1) PravasiBhartiyaDivas:Thisisanannualmeetingtocelebratetheachievementsof

IndianDiasporaandfelicitatingthemfortheireffortsforestablishinglinksbetween

Indiaandtheircountriesofresidence.

2) MergerofPIOandOCICards:Themergerofboththesecardshasbeendonewith

theintentiontofacilitatehasslefreeentryofpersonsofIndianoriginintoIndiaand

ensuretheirlong-termresidencywithouthavingthenecessitytovisitpolicestation

everynowandthen.

3) YouthPravasiBhartiyaDivas:RecognizingtheimportanceofyoungIndianDiaspora

andtheneedtoconnectthemtothegrowthstoryofIndia,thegovernment

inauguratedthisschemetoconnectwiththeyouth,thenewgenerationofpravasis

growingupallovertheworld.

4) PravasiBhartiyaKendra:TheIndianDiasporalivinginover150countriescannowvisitandstayatanewhomeinNewDelhiknownasPravasiBhartiyaKendra.They

cansearchtheirroots,obtaininvestmentadvice,bookdomestictravel,attend

eventsinahugeauditoriumandholdbusinessmeetings.

5) Vajra-VisitingAdjunctJointResearchFaculty:Thisschemeisenvisionedtocontribute

tothenation’sgrowthinscienceandtechnology.

6) KnowIndiaProgramme(KIP):Theobjectiveofthisprogramistohelpfamiliarizethe

IndianDiasporayouth,intheagegroupof18-26yearswiththeIndianlandandtheir

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ancestorsandsharetheirviews,expectationsandexperiencesandtobondclosely

withcontemporaryIndia.

ConcludingRemarks:

YoungIndiadiasporaisofimmensesignificancetoIndia.Oflate,conservativegovernments

incountriesliketheUSA,UK,andAustraliahaveannouncedtocurtailtheworkvisasto

highlyskilledIndians.SaudiArabiaalsointroducedNitaqatscheme,whichprotectsits

domesticworkspacesfromoutsiders.InothercountrieslikeYemen,Sudan,KenyaorIraq,

Indiansveryoftengetstrandedinwarlikesituations.ThoughtheIndiangovernmenthas

shownexceptionalprofessionalismandabilityinevacuatingitsstrandedcitizens,stillit

needstoframeadedicatedevacuationpolicytoprotectitsyoungworkingpopulationfrom

anyextremities.

Youngpopulationisanassetdomestically,aswellasinternationally,so,totrainthem

accordingtothespecificneedsofthecountriesmorededicatedschemeslikePravasi

KaushalVikasYojananeedstobefloated.

DistanceandOnlineEntrepreneurshipEducationinIndia

DefinitionofDistanceLearning:

AccordingtotheAllIndiaCouncilforTechnicalEducation,“DistanceLearningisafieldof

educationthatfocusesonthepedagogy,technologyandinstructionalsystemsdesign

thataimstodelivereducationtostudentswhoarenotphysicallyonsite”.

ScopeofDistanceLearning:Servingdiversesectionsofthepopulation,mostofwhomdonothaveaccesstoformal

education,theOpenandDistanceLearningsystem(ODL)inIndiahasemergedasa

convenient,flexibleandviablealternative.

GrowthofDistanceandOnlineEducationinIndia:

a)OpenandDistanceLearningasitisaddressedtodayaimstouniversalizeeducationby

leveragingthepotentialofavailableeducationaltechnologywithInformationand

CommunicationTechnology.

b)VirtualandOnlineeducationreferstocoursesconductedusinginternetplatformsand

tools.Thesevirtuallearningenvironmentshavethepotentialtoreachthemassesand

providethemwithaccesstoqualitycontents,pedagogyandlearningsupporttowider

sectionsofthepublicandthereforeconsideredasignificantpartofOpenandDistance

Learning.

ChallengesfacingEntreprenuershipEducationinIndia

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AccordingtoAdultPopulationSurvey(APS),58percentofIndianadultsconsider

entrepreneurshipasadesirablecareerchoice.

Only6.6percentareinvolvedinsomekindofentrepreneurialactivities.

Further,afactordriveneconomylikeIndiafacestheriskofdiscontinuanceinbusiness

duetoreasonssuchasriskoffailure,lackoffinancialaccessetc.

Perceivedcapabilitiesandopportunitiesarelowamongtheyouthpopulationespecially

women(slightlymorethan40percent).

InitiativestakentospurEntreprenuership:

DistanceandOnlineeducationhasbeengrowingwiththehelpofpublicandprivate

entities.

Currentlythereare5programmes:

a) EDII(EntreprenuershipDevelopmentInsitituteofIndia,Ahmedabad):Openand

DistanceLearningProgrammeinEntreprenuership(OLPE_

b) SymbiosisUniversity,Pune:CertificatePrograminEntreprenuershipDevelopment

(CPED)

c) IGNOU:CertificateinEntreprenuership(CIE)

d) WelingkarInstitute,Mumbai:DiplomainEntreprenuershipManagement(DEM)

e) WestBengalNationalUniversityofJuridicialSciences(Kolkata):Diplomain

EntreprenuershipAdministrationandBusinessLaws

ChallengesDistanceEducationFaces:

Seeingthescopeofentrepreneurshipeducationinthecountry,thedistancelearning

modeofeducationisyettoachieverecognition.Institutionsofferingdistancelearning

entrprenuershipprogrammesneedtobuildtherigorintermsofcurriculumand

structuretodeliveraresultorientedprogramme.

a) Commercializationvs.QualityEducation:Itisobservedthatsomeoftheuniversities,

bothprivateandpublic,havetakendistanceeducationasameansforearning

money,whichisveryunfortunate.

b) Distanceeducationcourseshavebeenstartedforcommercialreasonswithoutcaring

forproperstandards,bothinprovidingprintmaterialaswellasotherfacilitiesvis-à-

visTV,radio,etc.Someoftheseinstitutionsdonothavetrainedteachers/staffto

lookaftertheonlineprogrammes,theircurriculumandthecoursematerial.

c) DistanceeducationinentrepreneurshipgetslittleresponseinIndia.The

universities/institutionsrunningdistanceeducationinentrepreneurshipneedto

ensurequalityinhigherdistanceeducation.

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Thefollowingaresomeoftheneedsandopportunitiesforqualitydistance

entrepreneurshipeducationinIndia(NationalInstituteofBusinessStudies,2014):

Population:Formaleducationalmodelscannotstanduptotheexpectationsoftherising

middleclassaspirations.Aninnovativeandwide-reachingeducationalarenasuchasMOOCs

isessentialtoeducatethepopulation.Transformationofunskilledandsemi-skilledlabour

toskilledlabour;andshiftfrominformalsectortoorganizedsectorsofdignified

employmentarepossibleonlythroughcost-effectiveentrepreneurshipeducation.

Flexibility:Thoughgovernedbyitsownnorms,ODLaccommodatesthelearnersand

providesthemwithflexibilitytolearnandgrowamongstthecommunityoflearners.

EducatingtheYouth:With28percentofitspopulationbeingyoung,Indiacannotaffordto

ignoreitsunemploymentissues.Thereisawidefeltneedamongstthecurrentgeneration

ofyoungsters,especiallywomentoeducateandtrainthemselvesforbetteremployment

opportunities.

RisingNeedforTrainedPersonnel:Indianindustriessufferfromstaffingissues.

Unfortunately,alargeportionofourgraduatesareunemployableandlackbasicskills.Open

andDistanceEducationinEntreprenuershipcouldgroomtheseindividualsintoinnovative

andsuccessfulentrepreneurs.

SpatialandTemporalLimitations:

• Noteverystudentcanaffordtoenrolinaregularcoursefromaformaluniversity.

Thiscouldbetoanumberofreasons-forexample:affordabilityoftime,money;

sometimestimeandspaceavailabilitybetweenstudentsandteacherscanbe

asynchronous.

• OpenandDistanceLearningModelsinentrepreneurshiptrainingcanbreakthese

barriers.

• WorkingindividualscanlearnandfinishtheircoursethroughODLwithoutaffecting

theirjobsasthesecoursesareself-pacedandprovideenoughfreedomtocopewith.

ImprovedQualificationandScopeforPromotion:DistanceEducationPlatformsespeciallyforcourseslikeEntreprenuershipandManagement

providesforadditionalskillsandknowledgetotheexistingworkingpopulation.Thisway,

notonlydoesitsupplementtheircareerwithadditionalqualificationsbutenhancestheir

productivityandincreasestheirchanceforpromotionintheirexistingoccupation.

EducationafterRetirement:AnimportanthighlightofDistanceeducationcoursesinEntreprenuershipisthatit

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empowerstheretiringpopulationtoinvesttheirsavingsorengageinentrepreneurial

venturestherebyhelpthemsecuretheirlifeafterretirement.

InternationalCollaboration:EntreprenuershipDevelopmentInsitituteofIndia,Ahmedabadincollaborationwith

FriedrichNaumannFoundation,Germanyaimstocreateandtrainnewentreprenuersin

large-scaleprimarilytoaddresstheunemploymentissuesinthecountry.

Inordertofulfilthelearningneedsoftheindividualsspreadacrossdifferentgeographic

regions,theprogrammetooktheODLroute.

TheWayForward:

EmploymentOriented:Allhumandevelopmentreportshavemadeitveryclearthatany

typeofeducationisaninvestment.ThisholdsparticularlytrueforcountriesofSouthAsia,

includingIndia,whereenrolmentinhighereducationisstilllowandinsignificant.Theneed

isfeltseriouslyforentrepreneurship/self-employment/vocationaleducationthatensures

somedegreeofemploymentopportunitiesavailablebyestablishingameaningful

relationshipbetweeneducationandemployment.

Virtualvs.Real:Astudyononlinemanagementstudiesthroughdistancemoderevealed

thatstudentspreferred‘personalcontactwiththefaculties’forsubjectmatterqueries

alongsidethevirtualclassroomexperience.

CredibilityandAuthenticity:Gainingcredibilityamongstthepotentialemployersandauthenticityamongstudentsare

necessarysinceOpenandDistanceLearninghasinherentchallengestoface.Sustainability

andqualityinentrepreneurialtrainingthroughdistancelearningmodecouldbeassured

onlythroughfosteringconstantreflectionandfeedbackamongstallthestakeholdersviz.,

students,faculties,andacademicsupportstaffinvolvedinthecourse.

QualityEducationforEmpoweringIndianYouth

Background:

Indiaisthesecondlargestpopulousnationoftheworld.Indiahadastaggering600million

peoplei.e.morethan50percentofitspopulationbelowtheageof25,tillthelatestcount,

anditisamatterofanothercoupleofyearsthatthenationwillbecometheyoungestinthe

world,havingmorethanthree-fourthofitspopulationunder25yearsofage.

Thedemographicdividendisneveraburdenonanynation,butawindowofopportunity.

Suchdifferentialpopulationspurts,calleddemographicdividends,haveboostedthe

economicgrowthinmanyEastAsiancountries,likeRepublicofKorea,intherecentpast.

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PillarsofYouthEmpowerment:

ThesustainableemploymentoftheyoungstersofIndiacanprimarilybestabilizedonthe

followingfourpillars:

• Education

• SkillsandEmployment

• RadicalTemperamentalChange

• Government’spoliciesandinitiatives

Thevisionof“TransformingIndia”canonlybefulfilledbythemottoofMinistryofHuman

ResourceandDevelopment(MHRD)-“EducationforAll,QualityEducation”andthatcan

reallyshapeourdevelopingnationonlyifoureducationsystemhastheappropriateflavour

ofthebasicattributesofanyeducationsystem,i.e.Access,Equity,andqualityfollowedby

talentandskillpromotion.

Challenges:

Inthecurrentscenario,theEnrolmentRate(GER)inHigherEducation(HE)inIndiaismuch

lower(22percent)thantheworld’saverage(28percent).Despiteofthemushroomingof

privateengineeringinstitutionsanduniversities,thedensityofthescientistsandengineers

inIndiaisoneofthelowestintheworld.

Indiabeingsecularanddemocraticgetsfragmentedonvariousissuesofcaste,gender,

topography,age,etc.whichhinderstheequalaccessofavailableeducationresourcestothe

citizensanddoesnotletthesystembearitsdesiredfruits.Thesepotholesneedtobe

patchedupbeforewetalkofqualityeducation.

TheexistingeducationsystemofIndiarunsahurdleracewithnumber-lessbarrierslike:

Crunches:

- Lackofqualityandmotivatedteachersandmentors-beingnonpromising,lesspaid

andleastrecognizedprofessioninthecountry.

- Facultycrunchoradhocism:Mostoftheeventopinstitutionsofthenationhave

emptychairsofregularheads,seasonedfacultyandexperiencedresearcherswith

1/3rdfacultypositionsbeingunfilled.

- PaucityofFunds(Especiallyinstateinstitutions):Thisisthebiggestlacuna,asmore

numberofstudentsarebeingenrolledinstateinstitutionshavinghighernumberof

seatsthanfederalinstitutionsintoto.

- Leastprioritizedbudgetingfromnation’sGDP(3.3percent)

- Interferingandoverpoweringpoliticalandbureaucraticsetup.

- Inabilityofsenioracademiciansandresearcherstoimplementtheirvisionofages.

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Obsolescence:a)Outdatedandrigidcurriculum

b)Shelledapproach:designedcurriculamakeyouthoftodayliteratebutnoteducatedwith

holisticdevelopment.Ill-equippedinstitutionsofHEexceptfederalfundedinstitutions.

Non-Involvement:

Lackofparticipationofemploy&employer-

• Neithertheindustrynorlaboratoriesnorcommerceandbusinessandnoreventhe

stakeholdersareconsultedinthedesignofcurriculum.

• Thisleadstomoreunemployableeducatedyouthwhichmightbecomeaburden

thananassettothenation.

GovernmentInitiatives:

Despitealltheupheavals,ouryouthfromScienceandTechnology,ArtsandHumanitiesare

progressing.

Expansionofeducation:fortheyouthisbeingundertakenbythegovernmentateverylevel

byestablishingnewinstitutionslikeIITs,IIMs,IIITs,IISERs,AIIMs,CentralUniversities,

colleges,etc.alongwithInstitutionalcapacitybuildinginitiatives.

GlobalInitiativeofAcademicNetworks(GIAN):aimedattappingthepoolofscientistsand

entrepreunuers,internationallytoencouragetheirengagementwiththeinstitutesofHigher

Educationtoaugmentthecountry’sexistingacademicresourcestoelevateIndia’sscientific

andtechnologicalcapacitytoglobalexcellence.

ImpactingResearchInnovationandTechnology(IMPRINT)India:withanaimtodirect

researchinthepremierinstitutionsintoareasofsocialrelevance.

UchchtarAavishkarYojana(UAY):launchedtopromoteindustryspecificneedsbased

researchsoastokeepupthecompetitivenessofIndianindustryintheglobalmarket.

NationalInstitutionalRankingFramework(NIRF):forrankingthehighereducationinstitutionsannuallybasedonanobjectiveandverifiablecriteriaforpromotingquality.

EstablishmentofHigherEducationFinancingAgency(HEFA):forcreatingcapitalassetsinordertogiveabigpushforbuildinguprobusthighereducationinstitutions.

NationalAcademicRepository(NAD):formaintainingacademicawardsinadigital

depository,enablingonlineaccessandretrieval,eliminatefraudulentpracticessuchas

forgingofcertificatesandmark-sheetsandfacilitatevalidation.

SWAYAMPRABHA:aprojectfortelecastinghighqualityeducationalprogrammesthrough

32DTHchannelsona24x7basis.

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SWAYAM:anindigenousITplatformforhostingtheMassiveOpenOnlineCourses(MOOCs)

forprovidingbestqualityeducationcoveringallsubjectsandcoursestothestudentseven

intheremotestcornerofthecountry.

NationalDigitalLibrary:forbuildingaNationalassetforprovidingaccesstotheknowledgerepositoryintermsofbooks,e-learningmaterial,encyclopaedia,journals,monographs,

reviews,researchwork,articles,etc.forthebenefitoflearners/professionals/scholarsand

otherinterestedpeople.

CampusConnect:Wi-Fienabledcampusbyproviding:1-GBPSConnectivitytouniversities

and10MBPSconnectivitytocolleges.

AllIndiaSurveyonHigherEducation(AISHE):coveringallHEinstitutionsinthecountryformakinginformedpolicydecisionsandresearch.

NationalInitiativeforDesignInnovation:toensuremaximumreachofdesigneducation

andpracticesbyfreesharingofcoursewarethroughtheinternet.

Post-DoctoralFellowships:inSciencesandHumantiesforgroomingyoungresearchersfor

launchinganacademic/researchcareertoacquirenewskills,broadenhorizonandtransiting

incrossdisciplinaryareas.

UGC-BSRFacultyFellowshipprogramme:forstrengtheningBasicScienceResearchinUniversitiestoprovideopportunityforcontinuanceofresearchcontributionsbytalented

scienceandtechnologyteacherswhoarenearingsuperannuation.

SchemeforStrengtheningScienceBasedHigherEducationandresearchinUniversitiesandcolleges:withanobjectivetopromoteexcellenceinresearchinhighereducationby

supportingresearchprogrammes.

TheSkillIndia:anexcellentinitiativeofthePrimeMinistertoprovideappropriateskills

primarilytounemployedyouth,marginalisedwomenandruralcommunitiestoexplore

employmentopportunitiesandsustainablelivelihoodoptionsforraisingtheirlifestandards.

RashtriyaUchchatarShikshaAbhiyan(RUSA):thougheducationistheState’sresponsibility,buttopromotethequalitystandardsofstate’seducationsystem,federalfundingunder

RUSAisgiventothestatestopromoteperformancebasededucation.Itworksonthe

“CarrotandStickPolicy”.

RUSAistheCentrallySponsoredScheme(CSS)oftheDepartmentofHigherEducation,

MHRDwhichaimstoprovidestrategiccentralfundingtoStateHigherEducation

DepartmentsandInstitutionsandachievethebroadobjectivesofaccess,equityand

excellence.

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ChoiceBasedCreditSystem(CBCS):Anexcellentapproachtoredesigncurriculumwhichis

goingtobestudentcentric,thusgivingthemampleopportunityforinterdisciplinary

academicsalongwithmulti-directionalmovementwithinstate,nationandworld’s

educationsystem.Thesystemwillalsohelpinremovingthestigmasofevaluationand

hurdlesofemployability.

BringingYouthtotheMainstream

Background:

TheNaxalitemovementtracesitsoriginstoMay18th,1967,whentheSiliguriKishanSabha

inWestBengal,declaredtheirsupporttofewindividualsoftheNaxalbarivillagewhohad

suggestedadoptingarmedstruggletoredistributelandtothelandless.TheNaxalite

movement,asitisnowreferredto,overtheyears,spreaditselfgeographicallytoother

statesofthecountry.Theyouthbelongingtosuchinsurgentareasunderstandablylive

undervulnerablesituations.

GovernmentInitiativesfortheYouthinCPI(Maoist)insurgencyaffected‘RedCorridor’:

• In2009,aLeftWingExtremism(LWE)DivisionwascreatedasapartoftheHome

MinistrytoeffectivelyaddresstheLeftWingExtremistinsurgencyinaholistic

manner.Thedivisionwasalsomaderesponsibleforcoordinatingwithvarious

departmentsofstateandcentralgovernmentonthedevelopmentalactivitiesand

initiativesintheseareas.

• AsperthenewIntegratedActionPlan,thegovernmentplanstobringadivasisinto

themainstreamandatthesametimestrictlydealwiththeviolence.

• Adistrict-wiseapproachofdevelopmenthasalsobeenreplacednowbyadopting

blockleveldevelopmentplanning.

• Itisalsoplannedtosetupdevelopmenthubsineachoftheworstaffecteddistricts.

• Governmenthaslaunchedscoresofinitiativesinthefieldofeducationandskill

developmentforthebenefitoftheyouthbelongingtotheLWEregions.

• Sinceuneducatedandunemployedyouthareconsideredassofttargetsby

insurgentstorecruitandjointhecadre,Governmenthasworkedoutanintegrated

plantoeducatetheyouthoftheregion:

a) Forexample,UnderSarvaShikshaAbhiyaan,residentialschoolingfacilityisbeing

providedtoallchildren.

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b) Forgirlchild,KasturbaGandhiBalikaVidyalayasprovideaffordableandqualityelementaryeducation.

c) SecondaryeducationisensuredthroughRashtriyaMadhyamikShikshaAbhiyan

(RMSA).AnumberofKVsandNavodayaschoolsarealsobeingopenedup.

• MinistryofSkillDevelopmentistraining160youthineachofthe34LWE

affecteddistrictsunderthePradhanMantriKaushalVikasYojana.

Additionally,thegovernmentispreparingstudentsforcompetitiveexams

throughitsinstitute‘Prayas’.

• Further,thePoliceofJharkhandhaveinitiatedaveryuniqueinitiativeforthe

childrenofLWEaffectedregionPalamuofthestate.Thisinitiativeiscalled

‘TaareZameenPar’.Inthisinitiative,books,notebooks,clothes,bags,shoes.

etc.arecollectedfromtheresidentsofDaltonganj,theheadquartersofthe

Palamudistrict.Thepolicethenre-distributesthoseamonglocalchildren

whocomefromunder-privilegedbackgrounds.

GovernmentSchemsfortheyouthaffectedbyNorth-eastInsurgency:

• TheMinistryofDevelopmentofNorthEasternRegioniscoordinatingcentral

governmentdepartmentinitiativesfortheNorthEast.

• TheSkillDevelopmentMinistryhasplannedStateSkillDevelopmentMissionforfew

ofthenortheasternstates.Themissionisworkingtotrainyouthwiththehelpof

governmentITIsandprivateagencies.

• Additionally,StateLivelihoodMissionaswellasNULMschemesarealsobeing

deployedtoskilltheyouth.

• Theareasbeingidentifiedareasfollows:a)Hospitality(Cuisines,Food&Beverage,

PastryandBaking)b)Tourism-Touroperators,hotels,homestay,taxistoplacesof

attraction,etc.c)Nursing,Paramedicsd)Wellnessandbeautye)Fashiondesigning

andgarments,handloomweaving.f)EssentialTechniciansg)Automobile-fitter,

turner,mechanics,weldingh)Softskillsforemployabilityinanysectori)Retail

merchandisingj)Aviation-CabinCrew,AirHostess,groundcrew,etc.

• DONERMinistryisalsoofferingsubsidyincentivesinNERforindustrialandother

unitsgeneratingemployment.

GovernmentSchemesfortheyouthaffectedbyTerroristorganizationsandinsurgentgroupsofJammuandKashmir

• UDAAN:Itaimstoprovidecorporateexposuretotheyouthaswellasprovide

corporateIndiawiththetalentavailableinthestate.Theschemeshavereceivedan

overwhelmingresponseandismakingaconsiderableimpactonground.

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• Sadbhavna:ThisinitiativeisrunbytheIndianArmy.UnderSadbhavna,Armyruns

severalimportantprogrammesfortheyouthofJammuandKashmir.

• ArmyalsorunsNationalIntegrationTourunderSadbhavnawherestudentsgetto

visitotherstatesofthecountryandgetafirsthandviewofthecultureoftheir

fellowcitizens.

• Armyalsorunsvocationaltrainingcentresandwomenempowermentcentres

spreadacrossthestatetoprovidepracticalskillstointerestedanddeserving

candidates.

• Armyinassociationwithitstrainingpartner,CentreforSocialResponsibilityand

Learning(CSRL)andPetronetLNGrunsKashmirSuper40initiativeforcoachingJammuandKashmiryouthforengineeringentranceexams.

• Himayat:Thisschemeendeavourstotrain1.24lakhlocalyouthofJammuand

Kashmirinjobintensivevocationalcourses.

3rdInternationalDayofYoga

NotetotheStudents:

Ontheoccasionofthe3rdInternationalDayofYoga,Yojanamagazinehascoveredtwo

articles,namely:

A) BringingHarmonyBetweenBodyandMind

B) ReconnectingwithOneself

Here,wepresentthehighlightpointsfromthesetwoarticles.

WhatisYoga?

YogaisaspiritualscienceoriginatedinIndiabyancientIndiansages.Yogaisasystemof

holisticlivingwithitsdeeprootsinthetraditionandcultureofIndia.Yogicliteraturehas

beenfoundinalmostalltheancientscriptures.RichsourcesofYogahavealsobeenfoundin

Medieval,ModernandContemporaryliterature.YogasutrasofPatanjali(400BC)isbelieved

tobethefirstsystematictext.PatanjaligavetheeightfoldpathofYoga,popularlyknownas

AshtangaYoga.ThisAshtangaYogatakescareofalltheaspectsofaperson.

BenefitsofYoga

• Yogaisadruglesssystemofhealing,healthcareandhealthyliving.Ithasitsown

conceptsandprinciplesregardinghealthanddisease.

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• Yogicpracticesleadtopromotionofhealth,preventionofdisease,effective

managementofpsychosomaticdisordersaswellasbetterunderstandingofahigher

levelofconsciousness.

• Non-communicablediseasesi.e.CoronaryArteryDisease,Hypertensionandothers

canbeverywellpreventedandmanagedeffectivelybyincorporatingtheprinciples

ofYogaasalifestyleprogrammeindailylife.

• Yogaisawayofdevelopinginnerskillsandlevelsofconfidencebesideother

benefits.

YogaandtheYouth

• Theyoutharefacingalotofchallengesintheirlifewhetherrelatedtostudiesor

relatedtoemployment.YogacantransformthemintoarealYogi-dealingefficiently

withdaytodaychallenges.

• Indiaisalargecountrywithmorethan125crorepopulationandthedpmentofthe

countrymostlydependsuponitshealth.Ifthehealthofthecountryisgoodand

robust,thecountrycanruntoalongdistancewithoutanyfeelingoftiredness.

• Thetheoryofyouthempowermentcanbebrokendownintothreecomponents:

a) IndividualEmpowerment

Youthoradultsdevelopingskillstoexertcontrolandimprovecompetence,as

wellasdevelopingcriticalawarenesstoeffectivelycollaborateforthe

bettermentoforganizationsandcommunities.

b) OrganizationalEmpowerment

Entitiesthatprovideandbenefitfrom,theopportunityforyouthoradultsto

acquiretheskillsneededtogaincontrolovertheirlives,providealternativesto

serviceprovision,aswellasentitiesthatdevelopandinfluencepolicydecisions.

c) CommunityEmpowerment

Effortstoimprovethecommunity,respondtothreatstoqualityoflife,and

provideforcitizenparticipationatthelocal,stateandnationallevel.

CommonHealthIssuesaffectingYouth:

• Theproblemsfacedbytheyoutharenotonlysocialandeconomicalbut

alsopsychological.

• Boundbyrelationshipsandpainfulloneliness,theygettemptedbydrugs

andalcohol.

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• Theothermajorissuesare:peerpressure,familyliabilities,andworkload.

Duetoshortage/lackofpropercounselling/caretheyoungsterstendto

endtheirlife.

CommonProblems:

• OverweightandObesity

Stress

• AnxietyandDepression

• Interpersonalviolenceamongyouth

• SuicideTendencies

• TobaccoUse

• AlcoholandDrugAddiction

• Non-communicablediseases(NCDs)

ConcludingRemarks:

Yogahelpsonetoreconnectwithoneself.Slowingdown,calmingourminds,andconnecting

withourinnerselveshelptobringthepersonintothepresentmoment.Thiscanultimately

helptorelieveonefromthepressuresandstressorsofthebusyworldandhelpstoprevent

theNCD’s.

GST-TheGameChanger

Background:

• ThegenesisoftheintroductionofGoodsandServicesTax(GST)inthecountrywas

laiddowninthehistoricBudgetSpeechof28thFebruary2006,whereinthethen

FinanceMinisterlaiddown,1stApril2010,asthedatefortheintroductionofGSTin

thecountry.

WhyGST?

BeforeGST,thegovernmentleviedtaxesonmanufacture(CentralExciseDuty),provisionof

services(ServiceTax),interstatesaleofgoods(CSTleviedbytheCentrebutcollectedand

appropriatedbytheStates)andtheStateGovernmentsleviedataxonretailsales(VAT),

entryofgoodsintheState(EntryTax),LuxuryTax,PurchaseTax,etc.Thus,itisclearly

visiblethattherewasamultiplicityoftaxeswhichwerebeingleviedonthesamesupply

chain.

Further,creationoftariffandnon-tariffbarrierssuchasOctroi,entryTax,Checkpostsetc.

hinderedthefreeflowoftradethroughoutthecountry.

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WhatisGST?

AlltheindirecttaxesareproposedtobesubsumedinasingletaxcalledtheGoodsand

ServicesTax(GST)whichwillbeleviedonsupplyofgoodsorservicesorbothateachstage

ofthesupplychain,startingfrommanufactureorimportandtillthelastretaillevel.

So,basically,anytaxthatisbeingleviedbytheCentralorStateGovernmentonthesupply

ofgoodsorservicesisgoingtobeconvergedintoGST.

AdvantagesofGST

• WillhelptocreateaunifiedcommonmarketforIndia,givingaboosttoforerign

investmentandthe“MakeinIndia”campaign.

• WillmitigatethecascadingoftaxesasInputTaxCreditwillbeavailableacrossgoods

andservicesateverystageofsupply

• Harmonizationoflaws,proceduresandratesoftaxbetweenCentreandStatesand

acrossStates

• Improvedenvironmentforcomplianceasallreturnsaretobefilledonline,input

creditstobeverifiedonline,encouragingmorepapertrailoftransactionsateach

levelofthesupplychain.

• Commonproceduresforregistrationoftaxpayers,refundoftaxes,uniformformats

oftaxreturn,commontaxbase,commonsystemofclassificationofgoodsand

serviceswilllendgreatercertaintytothetaxationsystem

• GreateruseofITwillreducethehumaninterfacebetweenthetaxpayerandthetax

administration-thiswillgoalongwayinreducingcorruption

• Willboostexportandmanufactureactivity,generatemoreemployment,andthus

increaseGDPwithgainfulemploymentleadingtosubstantiveeconomicgrowth

• Willhelpinpovertyeradication

AdvantagestoTradeandIndustry:

• SimplerTaxregime

• Increasedeaseofdoingbusiness

• Reductioninmultiplicityoftaxes

• Eliminationofdoubletaxationoncertainsectorslikeworkscontract,software,

hospitalitysector

• Willmitigatecascadingoftaxes

• Reductionincompliancecosts-nomultiplerecordkeepingforavarietyoftaxes

• Moreefficientneutralizationoftaxesespeciallyforexports

• Simplifiedandautomatedproceduresforvariousprocessessuchasregistration,

returns,refunds,taxpayments,etc.

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• AverageTaxburdenonsupplyofgoodsorservicesisexpectedtocomedownwhich

wouldleadtomoreconsumption,whichinturnmeansmoreproductionthereby,

helpinginthegrowthoftheindustriesmanufacturinginIndia.

AdvantagestoConsumers

• Finalpriceofgoodsisexpectedtobetransparent

• Reductioninpricesofcommoditiesandgoodsinlongrun

• Relativelylargesegmentofsmallretailerswilleitherbeexemptedfromtaxorwill

sufferverylowtaxrates

• Povertyeradicationbygeneratingmoreemployment

AdvantagestoStates

• Expansionofthetaxbase

• Powertotaxservices