An investigator is studying the regulation 0f pulmonaiy lymphatic Àow using an animal model. Catheters are implanted in the femoral vein,pulmonary artery, and main lymphatic vessel draining the lungs in anesthetized, intubated, mechanically ventilated animals. Drugs may beinjected directly into the pulmonary artery catheter and inspired gas mixtures altered at the ventilator ; timed collect�ion of lymph from thecatheters is used to calculate lymphatic Àow. Which of the following interventions will most likely increase the Àow of pulmonary lymph in theseanimals?A) Administration of endothelin-1 into the pulmonary arteryB) Administration of phenylephrine into the pulmonary arteryC) Decreasing the inspired oxygen concentration from 21% to 10%D) Increasing the inspired carbon dioxide concentration from 0.3% to 3%E) Intravenous infusion of 0.9% saline for 5 minutesaaaaaaaaa

microscopy shows a poorly demarcated region consisting of poorly cohesive cells growing insheets. The nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio approaches 1:1 and a prominent nucleolus is observed.There is microscopic evidence of stromal invasion. She has no adenopathy. CT scan shows noevidence of hepatic, pulmonary or bone metastases. These findings are most consistent withwhich of the following?A)High grade, High stage neoplasmB)High grade, low stage neoplasmC)Low grade, high stage neoplasmD)LOw grade, low stage neoplasm2)A new anti-platelet agent is developed for the prevention of recurrence of stroke. In a largerandomized clinical trial with equal numbers of men and women, the rates of stroke are lower inpts rceiving the new agent than in pts receiving the std treatment. Results are shown:Recurrent stroke rates per 1000 person yearsStd treatment New antiplatelet drugWomen 0.12 0.04Men 0.24 0.08Overall 0.18 0.06Based on the following which of the following is the absolute risk reduction in women?A) 8% B)12% C)16% D) 33% E)62% F)67% G)75%3)A case control study is conducted to explore a possible association between exposure to aherbicide and non-hodgkin's lymphoma. Controls are matched to cases by age, gender and race.Exposure status is determined by interviewing the subjects. On matched-pair analysis, the oddsratio is 3.2 (95% CI: 1.4-5.4) Which of the following is most likely to affect the validity of the study?A) Biased measurement of the conditionB) Biased measurement of the exposureC) Confounding by age

D) Type 1 errorE) Type 2 error4) A 32 yr old woman, gravida 4, para 0, aborta 3, delivers a female new born at term withdysmorphic features and numerous organ anamolies. She had multiple spontaneous abortions,and this is her first live born child. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for theabnormalities seen in this newborn?A) AD inheritanceB) AR inheritanceC) gonadal mosaicismD) Submicroscopic delet