z’ jj at the lhc - physics and astronomy at...
TRANSCRIPT
Z’jj attheLHC
PeisiHuangTexasA&MUniversity
Nov8,2016
Z’
• ArethereanynewgaugebosonsbeyondtheonesassociatedwiththeSU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)gaugegroup?• Inmanybeyondstandardmodeltheories,newgaugebosonsarepredicted• simplestway,includeasecondU(1)group.newgaugebosonZ’• Z’mixeswiththeZboson,Z’WWcoupling~sin2φ• Z’alsocoupletofermions,
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
LW+W�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z0
m
2Z0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((sWW �m
2Z0)
2+ �
2totm
2Z0)
(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓w
192⇡
m
5Z0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z0
cos
2✓w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W )
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + gA�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V+g
2A){1+
(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W )
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W )
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧
|qq/WW =
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)
dx
x
(10)
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW =
Z 1
⌧
d⌧
0
⌧
0
Z 01
⌧
dx
x
fi(x)fj(⌧
0
x
)
dL
d⇠
|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 1
m2Z0/s
d⌧
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW�WW�>Z0(12)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 5.3pb (13)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 6.8pb (14)
�pp!WWjj!Hjj = 62fb (15)
(
mZ0
mW
)
8(16)
�WW�>H =
↵⇡
2
sin
2✓w
m
2H
m
2W s
(17)
(
mH
mW
)
2(18)
dL
d⌧
|qq/V lV l = (
g
2V + g
2A
4⇡
2)
2 1
⌧
[(1 + ⌧)Log(1/⌧) + 2(⌧ � 1)] (19)
dL
d⌧
|qq/V TV T = (
g
2V + g
2A
8⇡
2)
2 1
⌧
Log(
s
m
2W
)
2[(2 + ⌧)
2Log(1/⌧)� 2(1� ⌧)(3 + ⌧)] (20)
� = 7.8 pb (21)
L =
X
f
zfgZZ0µ¯
f�
µf (22)
1
fermioncharges coupling
currentZ’searches
• qq ->Z’->l+l-
5.2 Limits 9
M [GeV]500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
] ZΒ.σ
] Z' /
[Β.σ[
7−10
6−10
5−10
(LOx1.3)ψZ' (LOx1.3)SSMZ'
Obs. 95% CL limit, width = 0.0%Obs. 95% CL limit, width = 0.6%Obs. 95% CL limit, width = 3.0%Exp. 95% CL limit, width = 0.0%Exp. 95% CL limit, width = 0.6%Exp. 95% CL limit, width = 3.0%
CMSCMSdielectron
(13 TeV)-12.7 fb
M [GeV]500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
] ZΒ.σ
] Z' /
[Β.σ[
7−10
6−10
5−10
(LOx1.3)ψZ' (LOx1.3)SSMZ'
Obs. 95% CL limit, width = 0.0%Obs. 95% CL limit, width = 0.6%Obs. 95% CL limit, width = 3.0%Exp. 95% CL limit, width = 0.0%Exp. 95% CL limit, width = 0.6%Exp. 95% CL limit, width = 3.0%
CMSCMSdimuon
(13 TeV)-12.9 fb
Figure 3: The 95% CL upper limits on the product of production cross section and branchingfraction for a spin-1 resonance for widths equal to 0, 0.6, and 3.0% of the resonance mass,relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a Z boson, for the(left) dielectron and (right) dimuon channels in the 13 TeV data. Theoretical predictions for thespin-1 Z0
SSM and Z0y resonances are also shown.
The cross section as a function of mass is calculated at LO using the PYTHIA 8.2 program withthe NNPDF2.3 PDFs. As the limits in this Letter are obtained on the on-shell cross section andthe PYTHIA event generator includes off-shell effects, the cross section is calculated in a masswindow of ±5%
ps centred on the resonance mass, following the advice of Ref. [31]. To account
for NLO effects, the cross sections are multiplied by a K-factor of 1.3 for Z0 models and 1.6for RS graviton models [33], with the K-factor for Z0 models obtained by comparing POWHEGand PYTHIA cross sections for SM Drell–Yan production. These same comments apply for thetheoretical predictions shown in Figs. 2–6. For the Z0
SSM and Z0y bosons, we obtain lower mass
limits of 3.37 and 2.82 TeV, respectively. The lower mass limit obtained for the RS graviton is1.46 (3.11) TeV for a coupling parameter of 0.01 (0.10).
M [GeV]500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
] ZΒ.σ
] Z' /
[Β.σ[
7−10
6−10
5−10
Observed 95% CL limit
Expected 95% CL limit, median
Expected 95% CL limit, 1 s.d.
Expected 95% CL limit, 2 s.d.
(LOx1.3)ΨZ'
(LOx1.3)SSMZ'
CMS Observed 95% CL limit
Expected 95% CL limit, median
Expected 95% CL limit, 1 s.d.
Expected 95% CL limit, 2 s.d.
(LOx1.3)ΨZ'
(LOx1.3)SSMZ'
CMSµµee +
)µµ (13 TeV, -1 (13 TeV, ee) + 2.9 fb-12.7 fb
M [GeV]500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
] ZΒ.σ
] Z' /
[Β.σ[
7−10
6−10
5−10
(LOx1.3)ψZ' (LOx1.3)SSMZ'
Obs. 95% CL limit, width = 0.0%Obs. 95% CL limit, width = 0.6%Obs. 95% CL limit, width = 3.0%Exp. 95% CL limit, width = 0.0%Exp. 95% CL limit, width = 0.6%Exp. 95% CL limit, width = 3.0%
CMSCMSµµee +
)µµ (13 TeV, -1 (13 TeV, ee) + 2.9 fb-12.7 fb
Figure 4: The 95% CL upper limits on the product of production cross section and branchingfraction for a spin-1 resonance, relative to the product of production cross section and branch-ing fraction for a Z boson, for the combined dielectron and dimuon channels in the 13 TeVdata, (left) for a resonance width equal to 0.6% of the resonance mass and (right) for resonancewidths equal to 0, 0.6, and 3.0% of the resonance mass. The shaded bands correspond to the 68and 95% quantiles for the expected limits. Theoretical predictions for the spin-1 Z0
SSM and Z0y
resonances are also shown.
L =
X
f
zfgZZ0µ¯f�µf (22)
E6 ! SO(10)⌦ U(1) (23)
2
L =
X
f
zfgZZ0µ¯f�µf (22)
E6 ! SO(10)⌦ U(1) (23)
! SU(5)⌦ U(1)� ⌦ U(1) (24)
2
sequentialSM:Z’hasSMZcouplings.easytocompare,scale
VBF
• VBFprocesshasdistinctivekinematics-- easytosuppressbackgrounds• energeticjetsintheforwarddirection,becauseofthet-channelkinematics• largerapidityseparationandlargeinvariantmassofthetwojets
• Alsoconsiderleptonic decayoftheZ’
L =!f
zfgZZ′µfγ
µf (22)
E6 → SO(10)⊗ U(1)ψ (23)
→ SU(5)⊗ U(1)χ ⊗ U(1)ψ (24)
q
q
W
W
Z ′
2
Zprime VBFcrosssection,effectiveWapproximation
• AttheLHC,√s>>mW,onecanconsidertheinitialbeamsofquarksas
sourceswhichemitWs.ThenWinteracttoproducenewstates.Or
equivalently,givingWs structurefunction.(Kane,Repko,andRolnick,
1984.Dawson1985)
• WhenusingtheeffectiveWapproximation,
• Firstcalculate
• ThencalculatetheWluminosity
�(W+W� ! Z 0) (1)
LW+W�|pp(s) (2)
1
�(W+W� ! Z 0) (1)
LW+W�|pp(s) (2)
1
�(W+W� ! Z 0) (1)
LW+W�|pp(s) (2)
1
�(W+W� ! Z 0) (1)
LW
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
� =
16⇡
3
m2Z
0
m2Z
0 � 4m2W
(�(Z 0 ! WW ))
2
(sWW
� �
2tot
m2Z
0)(3)
�(Z 0 ! WW ) =
g4 cos2 ✓w
sin
2 �
192⇡
m5Z
0
m4W
(4)
�(Z 0 ! ff) =5
8
↵m2Z
0
cos
2 ✓w
(5)
1
DuttaandNandi,1993
largeenhancementfactorforheavyZ’
AssumeZ’WWcouplingisthesameasZWW
�(W+W� ! Z 0) (1)
LW
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W+W� ! Z 0 ! W+W�) =
16⇡
3
m2Z
0
m2Z
0 � 4m2W
(�(Z 0 ! WW ))
2
(sWW
� �
2tot
m2Z
0)(3)
�(Z 0 ! WW ) =
g4 cos2 ✓w
192⇡
m5Z
0
m4W
(4)
�(Z 0 ! ff) =5
8
↵m2Z
0
cos
2 ✓w
(5)
1
�(W+W� ! Z 0) (1)
LW
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W+W� ! Z 0 ! W+W�) =
16⇡
3
m2Z
0
m2Z
0 � 4m2W
(�(Z 0 ! WW ))
2
((sWW
�m2Z
0)2+ �
2tot
m2Z
0)(3)
�(Z 0 ! WW ) =
g4 cos2 ✓w
192⇡
m5Z
0
m4W
(4)
�(Z 0 ! ff) =5
8
↵m2Z
0
cos
2 ✓w
(5)
1
Small,comparedtoZ’->WW
�(W+W� ! Z 0) (1)
LW
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W+W� ! Z 0 ! W+W�) =
16⇡
3
m2Z
0
m2Z
0 � 4m2W
(�(Z 0 ! WW ))
2
((sWW
�m2Z
0)2+ �
2tot
m2Z
0)(3)
�(Z 0 ! WW ) =
g4 cos2 ✓w
192⇡
m5Z
0
m4W
(4)
�(Z 0 ! ff) =5
8
↵m2Z
0
cos
2 ✓w
(5)
�(W+W� ! Z 0) ' �(W+W� ! Z 0 ! W+W�
) (6)
1
Rizzo,1995
EffectiveWapproximationDistributionofaWinsideaquarkisgivenby
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
L
W
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z
0
m
2Z
0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((s
WW
�m
2Z
0)2+ �
2tot
m
2Z
0)(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓
w
192⇡
m
5Z
0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z
0
cos
2✓
w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W
)
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + g
A
�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V
+g
2A
)((1+
(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W
)
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W
)
)dx
(9)
1
averageoverinitialquarkspins,andthepolarizationsofWs
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
L
W
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z
0
m
2Z
0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((s
WW
�m
2Z
0)2+ �
2tot
m
2Z
0)(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓
w
192⇡
m
5Z
0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z
0
cos
2✓
w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W
)
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + g
A
�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V
+g
2A
)((1+
(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W
)
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W
)
)dx
(9)
1
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
L
W
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z
0
m
2Z
0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((s
WW
�m
2Z
0)2+ �
2tot
m
2Z
0)(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓
w
192⇡
m
5Z
0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z
0
cos
2✓
w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W
)
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + g
A
�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V
+g
2A
){1+(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W
)
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W
)
}dx
(9)
1
Kane,Repko,andRolnick,1984.Dawson1985
transverse Longitudinal
EffectiveWapproximationWWluminosityinatwo-quarksystem
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
L
W
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z
0
m
2Z
0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((s
WW
�m
2Z
0)2+ �
2tot
m
2Z
0)(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓
w
192⇡
m
5Z
0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z
0
cos
2✓
w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W
)
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + g
A
�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V
+g
2A
){1+(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W
)
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W
)
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧
|qq/WW
=
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)
dx
x
(10)
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW
=
Z 1
⌧
d⌧
0
⌧
0
Z 01
⌧
dx
x
f
i
(x)f
j
(
⌧
0
x
)
dL
d⇠
|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 2
m
2Z0/s
d⌧
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW
�
WW�>Z
0(12)
1
WWluminosityinaproton-protonsystem
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
L
W
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z
0
m
2Z
0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((s
WW
�m
2Z
0)2+ �
2tot
m
2Z
0)(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓
w
192⇡
m
5Z
0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z
0
cos
2✓
w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W
)
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + g
A
�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V
+g
2A
){1+(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W
)
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W
)
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧
|qq/WW
=
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)
dx
x
(10)
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW
=
Z 1
⌧
d⌧
0
⌧
0
Z 01
⌧
dx
x
f
i
(x)f
j
(
⌧
0
x
)
dL
d⇠
|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 2
m
2Z0/s
d⌧
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW
�
WW�>Z
0(12)
1
Z’productioncrosssectionthroughVBF
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
L
W
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z
0
m
2Z
0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((s
WW
�m
2Z
0)2+ �
2tot
m
2Z
0)(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓
w
192⇡
m
5Z
0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z
0
cos
2✓
w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W
)
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + g
A
�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V
+g
2A
){1+(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W
)
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W
)
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧
|qq/WW
=
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)
dx
x
(10)
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW
=
Z 1
⌧
d⌧
0
⌧
0
Z 01
⌧
dx
x
f
i
(x)f
j
(
⌧
0
x
)
dL
d⇠
|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 1
m
2Z0/s
d⌧
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW
�
WW�>Z
0(12)
1
VBFZ’crosssection
Fora1TeV Z’,assumingitscouplingtoapairofWisthesameasaZboson
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
L
W
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z
0
m
2Z
0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((s
WW
�m
2Z
0)2+ �
2tot
m
2Z
0)(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓
w
192⇡
m
5Z
0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z
0
cos
2✓
w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W
)
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + g
A
�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V
+g
2A
){1+(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W
)
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W
)
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧
|qq/WW
=
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)
dx
x
(10)
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW
=
Z 1
⌧
d⌧
0
⌧
0
Z 01
⌧
dx
x
f
i
(x)f
j
(
⌧
0
x
)
dL
d⇠
|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 1
m
2Z0/s
d⌧
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW
�
WW�>Z
0(12)
�
pp!WWjj!Z
0jj
= 5.3pb (13)
1
UsingeffectiveWapproximation,
MadGraph,HiddenAbelianHiggsmodel
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
L
W
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z
0
m
2Z
0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((s
WW
�m
2Z
0)2+ �
2tot
m
2Z
0)(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓
w
192⇡
m
5Z
0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z
0
cos
2✓
w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W
)
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + g
A
�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V
+g
2A
){1+(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W
)
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W
)
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧
|qq/WW
=
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)
dx
x
(10)
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW
=
Z 1
⌧
d⌧
0
⌧
0
Z 01
⌧
dx
x
f
i
(x)f
j
(
⌧
0
x
)
dL
d⇠
|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 1
m
2Z0/s
d⌧
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW
�
WW�>Z
0(12)
�
pp!WWjj!Z
0jj
= 5.3pb (13)
�
pp!WWjj!Z
0jj
= 6.8pb (14)
1
VerydifferentfromaheavyHiggs
UsingeffectiveWapproximation,
MadGraph
fullNNLOcalculation,VBFNNLO
Bothhaveweakcoupling,whyZ’crosssectionsomuchlarger?
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
LW+W�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z0
m
2Z0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((sWW �m
2Z0)
2+ �
2totm
2Z0)
(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓w
192⇡
m
5Z0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z0
cos
2✓w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W )
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + gA�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V+g
2A){1+
(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W )
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W )
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧
|qq/WW =
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)
dx
x
(10)
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW =
Z 1
⌧
d⌧
0
⌧
0
Z 01
⌧
dx
x
fi(x)fj(⌧
0
x
)
dL
d⇠
|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 1
m2Z0/s
d⌧
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW�WW�>Z0(12)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 5.3pb (13)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 6.8pb (14)
�pp!WWjj!Hjj = 50fb (15)
1
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
LW+W�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z0
m
2Z0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((sWW �m
2Z0)
2+ �
2totm
2Z0)
(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓w
192⇡
m
5Z0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z0
cos
2✓w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W )
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + gA�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V+g
2A){1+
(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W )
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W )
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧
|qq/WW =
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)
dx
x
(10)
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW =
Z 1
⌧
d⌧
0
⌧
0
Z 01
⌧
dx
x
fi(x)fj(⌧
0
x
)
dL
d⇠
|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 1
m2Z0/s
d⌧
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW�WW�>Z0(12)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 5.3pb (13)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 6.8pb (14)
�pp!WWjj!Hjj = 62fb (15)
1
CorrectionsofeffectiveWapproximationareO(mW2/mZ’
2),andO(mZ’2/s)
�(W+W� ! Z 0) (1)
LW+W�|pp(s) (2)
�(W+W� ! Z 0 ! W+W�) =
16⇡
3
m2Z0
m2Z0 � 4m2
W
(�(Z 0 ! WW ))
2
((sWW �m2Z0)
2+ �
2totm
2Z0)
(3)
�(Z 0 ! WW ) =
g4 cos2 ✓w192⇡
m5Z0
m4W
(4)
�(Z 0 ! ff) =5
8
↵m2Z0
cos
2 ✓w(5)
�(W+W� ! Z 0) ' �(W+W� ! Z 0 ! W+W�
) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E 0
+ !)2
(64⇡3EE 0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m2
W )
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p0)�"(gV + gA�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡2(g2V+g2A){1+
(1� x)2
x)Log(p2+(1�x)m2
W )
1
(1� x)m2W
+
(1� x)p2
x(p2 + (1� x)m2W )
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧|qq/WW =
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)dx
x(10)
dL
d⌧|pp/WW =
Z 1
⌧
d⌧ 0
⌧ 0
Z 01
⌧
dx
xfi(x)fj(
⌧ 0
x)
dL
d⇠|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 1
m2Z0/s
d⌧dL
d⌧|pp/WW�WW�>Z0
(12)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 5.3pb (13)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 6.8pb (14)
�pp!WWjj!Hjj = 87fb (15)
(
mZ0
mW
)
8(16)
�WW�>H =
↵⇡2
sin
2 ✓w
m2H
m2W s
(17)
(
mH
mW
)
2(18)
dL
d⌧|qq/V lV l = (
g2V + g2A4⇡2
)
2 1
⌧[(1 + ⌧)Log(1/⌧) + 2(⌧ � 1)] (19)
dL
d⌧|qq/V TV T = (
g2V + g2A8⇡2
)
2 1
⌧Log(
s
m2W
)
2[(2 + ⌧)2Log(1/⌧)� 2(1� ⌧)(3 + ⌧)] (20)
� = 7.8 pb (21)
1
VBFZ’vsHiggsFortheHiggs,onlylongitudinalmodecontributse
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
LW+W�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z0
m
2Z0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((sWW �m
2Z0)
2+ �
2totm
2Z0)
(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓w
192⇡
m
5Z0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z0
cos
2✓w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W )
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + gA�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V+g
2A){1+
(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W )
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W )
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧
|qq/WW =
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)
dx
x
(10)
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW =
Z 1
⌧
d⌧
0
⌧
0
Z 01
⌧
dx
x
fi(x)fj(⌧
0
x
)
dL
d⇠
|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 1
m2Z0/s
d⌧
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW�WW�>Z0(12)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 5.3pb (13)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 6.8pb (14)
�pp!WWjj!Hjj = 62fb (15)
(
mZ0
mW
)
8(16)
�WW�>H =
↵⇡
2
sin
2✓w
m
2H
m
2W s
(17)
(
mH
mW
)
2(18)
dL
d⌧
|qq/V lV l = (
g
2V + g
2A
4⇡
2)
2 1
⌧
[(1 + ⌧)Log(1/⌧) + 2(⌧ � 1)] (19)
dL
d⌧
|qq/V TV T = (
g
2V + g
2A
8⇡
2)
2 1
⌧
Log(
s
m
2W
)
2[(2 + ⌧)
2Log(1/⌧)� 2(1� ⌧)(3 + ⌧)] (20)
1
ForaZ’,transversemode,longitudinalmode,andtransverse-longitudinalmodecontribute.Thetransversemodedominates.
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
LW+W�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z0
m
2Z0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((sWW �m
2Z0)
2+ �
2totm
2Z0)
(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓w
192⇡
m
5Z0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z0
cos
2✓w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W )
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + gA�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V+g
2A){1+
(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W )
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W )
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧
|qq/WW =
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)
dx
x
(10)
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW =
Z 1
⌧
d⌧
0
⌧
0
Z 01
⌧
dx
x
fi(x)fj(⌧
0
x
)
dL
d⇠
|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 1
m2Z0/s
d⌧
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW�WW�>Z0(12)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 5.3pb (13)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 6.8pb (14)
�pp!WWjj!Hjj = 62fb (15)
(
mZ0
mW
)
8(16)
�WW�>H =
↵⇡
2
sin
2✓w
m
2H
m
2W s
(17)
(
mH
mW
)
2(18)
dL
d⌧
|qq/V lV l = (
g
2V + g
2A
4⇡
2)
2 1
⌧
[(1 + ⌧)Log(1/⌧) + 2(⌧ � 1)] (19)
dL
d⌧
|qq/V TV T = (
g
2V + g
2A
8⇡
2)
2 1
⌧
Log(
s
m
2W
)
2[(2 + ⌧)
2Log(1/⌧)� 2(1� ⌧)(3 + ⌧)] (20)
1
LargeenhancementfactorwhentheZ’isheavy
Anotherproductionmodeforthesamesignature
• Anotherproductionmodealsogivesthesamesignature,whenZ’isboosted.• alsohaslargecrosssection
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
LW+W�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z0
m
2Z0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((sWW �m
2Z0)
2+ �
2totm
2Z0)
(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓w
192⇡
m
5Z0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z0
cos
2✓w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W )
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + gA�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V+g
2A){1+
(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W )
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W )
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧
|qq/WW =
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)
dx
x
(10)
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW =
Z 1
⌧
d⌧
0
⌧
0
Z 01
⌧
dx
x
fi(x)fj(⌧
0
x
)
dL
d⇠
|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 1
m2Z0/s
d⌧
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW�WW�>Z0(12)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 5.3pb (13)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 6.8pb (14)
�pp!WWjj!Hjj = 62fb (15)
(
mZ0
mW
)
8(16)
�WW�>H =
↵⇡
2
sin
2✓w
m
2H
m
2W s
(17)
(
mH
mW
)
2(18)
dL
d⌧
|qq/V lV l = (
g
2V + g
2A
4⇡
2)
2 1
⌧
[(1 + ⌧)Log(1/⌧) + 2(⌧ � 1)] (19)
dL
d⌧
|qq/V TV T = (
g
2V + g
2A
8⇡
2)
2 1
⌧
Log(
s
m
2W
)
2[(2 + ⌧)
2Log(1/⌧)� 2(1� ⌧)(3 + ⌧)] (20)
� = 7.8 pb (21)
1
L =!f
zfgZZ′µfγ
µf (22)
E6 → SO(10)⊗ U(1)ψ (23)
→ SU(5)⊗ U(1)χ ⊗ U(1)ψ (24)
q
q
W
W
Z ′
g
g
q
q
Z ′
q
q
2
Canweseparatethetwomodes?
• VBFissensitivetotheZ’WWcoupling,andtherefore,sensitivetothemixingbetweenZandZ’.• Z’qq productionisonlysensitivetotheZ’ffcoupling,andnotsensitivetothemixing.• TheZZ’mixingandZ’ff couplingsaremodeldependent.• Separatethetwomodes,canbesensitivetodifferentmodelparameters.
L =!f
zfgZZ′µfγ
µf (22)
E6 → SO(10)⊗ U(1)ψ (23)
→ SU(5)⊗ U(1)χ ⊗ U(1)ψ (24)
q
q
W
W
Z ′
g
g
q
q
Z ′
q
q
2
L =!f
zfgZZ′µfγ
µf (22)
E6 → SO(10)⊗ U(1)ψ (23)
→ SU(5)⊗ U(1)χ ⊗ U(1)ψ (24)
q
q
W
W
Z ′
2
Canweseparatethetwomodes?
• ForVBF,veryfewhadronicactivityinthecentralregion,becauseofthecolorlessW-exchange.• ForQCDZ’jj,therecouldbehadronicactivityinthecentralregion.• ForVBF,theZ’decayproductsbetweenthetwojets.
L =!f
zfgZZ′µfγ
µf (22)
E6 → SO(10)⊗ U(1)ψ (23)
→ SU(5)⊗ U(1)χ ⊗ U(1)ψ (24)
q
q
W
W
Z ′
g
g
q
q
Z ′
q
q
2
L =!f
zfgZZ′µfγ
µf (22)
E6 → SO(10)⊗ U(1)ψ (23)
→ SU(5)⊗ U(1)χ ⊗ U(1)ψ (24)
q
q
W
W
Z ′
2
Conclusion
• AnewgaugebosonispredictedinmanybeyondStandardModeltheories.• CurrentsearchesarefocusedonDrell-Yanmode.• VBFproductioncanhavealargeproductioncrosssection(modeldependent.)• QCDZ’jj productionalsohasalargecrosssection,andcangivesimilarsignaturesasVBFproduction.• SeparatetwoproductionmodeshelpstoresolvedifferentmodelparametersattheLHC.
VBFZ’vsHiggsPartonic crosssection
�(W+W� ! Z 0) (1)
LW
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W+W� ! Z 0 ! W+W�) =
16⇡
3
m2Z
0
m2Z
0 � 4m2W
(�(Z 0 ! WW ))
2
((sWW
�m2Z
0)2+ �
2tot
m2Z
0)(3)
�(Z 0 ! WW ) =
g4 cos2 ✓w
192⇡
m5Z
0
m4W
(4)
�(Z 0 ! ff) =5
8
↵m2Z
0
cos
2 ✓w
(5)
1
�(W+W� ! Z 0) (1)
LW
+W
�|pp(s) (2)
�(W+W� ! Z 0 ! W+W�) =
16⇡
3
m2Z
0
m2Z
0 � 4m2W
(�(Z 0 ! WW ))
2
(sWW
� �
2tot
m2Z
0)(3)
�(Z 0 ! WW ) =
g4 cos2 ✓w
192⇡
m5Z
0
m4W
(4)
�(Z 0 ! ff) =5
8
↵m2Z
0
cos
2 ✓w
(5)
1
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) (1)
LW+W�|pp(s) (2)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) =
16⇡
3
m
2Z0
m
2Z0 � 4m
2W
(�(Z
0 ! WW ))
2
((sWW �m
2Z0)
2+ �
2totm
2Z0)
(3)
�(Z
0 ! WW ) =
g
4cos
2✓w
192⇡
m
5Z0
m
4W
(4)
�(Z
0 ! ff) =
5
8
↵m
2Z0
cos
2✓w
(5)
�(W
+W
� ! Z
0) ' �(W
+W
� ! Z
0 ! W
+W
�) (6)
dF (x,k) =(E + E
0+ !)
2
(64⇡
3EE
0!)
h|M |2i(2p · k �m
2W )
2|p|dxkdkd� (7)
M = u(p
0)�"(gV + gA�5)u(p) (8)
dF (x)dx =
1
12⇡
2(g
2V+g
2A){1+
(1� x)
2
x
)Log(p
2+(1�x)m
2W )
1
(1� x)m
2W
+
(1� x)p
2
x(p
2+ (1� x)m
2W )
}dx
(9)
dL
d⌧
|qq/WW =
Z 1
⌧
f(q/W )(x)f(⌧/x)
dx
x
(10)
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW =
Z 1
⌧
d⌧
0
⌧
0
Z 01
⌧
dx
x
fi(x)fj(⌧
0
x
)
dL
d⇠
|qq/WW (11)
� =
Z 1
m2Z0/s
d⌧
dL
d⌧
|pp/WW�WW�>Z0(12)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 5.3pb (13)
�pp!WWjj!Z0jj = 6.8pb (14)
�pp!WWjj!Hjj = 62fb (15)
(
mZ0
mW
)
8(16)
�WW�>H =
↵⇡
2
sin
2✓w
m
2H
m
2W s
(17)
1