Ÿz6, z gzz Åwdz q-z · x,™b&zÅv-zg l zgzz nvz{z+ÃÐ]ùòszÅwdāzceÃf...
TRANSCRIPT
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]
Zq-_·ZDwÅú6,Z‹ZŸ]( è )#¿èZDwÆø»]Zzg„
¢ZÍw
6,zWeZËZ-[™',
ZDwZ»Šò0*Îy
]£tôp
**Ñ
·j‚ā**ò
ZDwZ»Šò0*Îy0*Îy è Ó#Ö
¸ò@*gõzZŠ!zgXezn,yziZg‹Z:¬]Ôíc*]Ôò@*gõzZŠ!zgX
”2wÔZ-ZÈZDwÔZµHgzeÔуgTel: [+92-42] 36314510, 99203573
Fax: [+92-42] 36314496Email: [email protected]
Website: www.allamaiqbal.com
ISBN 978-969-416-534-9
8102Y : TZÍw
005 : ®ZŠ
D&049Bgz9 : 7
42BZ%OeZ°
°y6,ÚiÔуg : -
û�Ûz|#:611D.egzeÔуgÔy�41275373
ZÖ§Î
ä',kÆZkd^~XZx[äÔË:Ë~Ôçz-$Å;
~Zyƒ»]tZŠZ™@*ƒVXZy~8iïELfs÷áï÷:
6,zW†Z(g÷á™%jx eZË™',³g~%jxÔ �
z®=ŠÔ=xV2+k,ZºÔ»[†Zv »[ �
·¢/ eZË¥ZÉåO+FÔ Ô eZËg<Z−+;× �
·¤gt"ä!¨åGO%î0ZDwÅwzspZãÔdÎZzgZKgzZî �
Ú~Æ‚BÅX
·gzi{yä̹œÐÔ¡¾æE
LZDwÆ�ÛzrÆ_."Æ
�ÔwzspZãÆ%ZiðKX
ÂÒ]ZzgZ÷ágt%"ìGOE™ä»»x³m,{’)é Og{ZäuZ�xŠc*X
4
ZO[%j)Zâè+Z-[
Æ**x
TäyÃZq-Vày¯ñg3Ô%æFNjyÔ%æFNM‚öÔplúZzgŠçyÔ˜Vøg}”V
Ã,{ÔFZzgÃë
Å4F,šMeƒðZzgTÆ!*)tZëd
»x0*›ŠJ-VeX
5
Yìz„
9 ........................................... /7Â
¢ZÍw
91 ........................ 2222¤¤¤¤ ƒZÍw:
102 ..................... „„„„~~~~úúúú ƒŠzx:
¢Šzx
346 ..........................\\\\BBBB{{{{3333ïïïïIIIIEEEE
GGGGOOOOGGGG ƒÎx:
729 ................... $$$${{{{ððððGGGG
OOOO§§§§0000****ÎÎÎÎyyyy ƒXgx:
¢Îx
5521 ........................����::::êêêêEEEEXXXXLLLLZZZZssssxxxx ƒQ:
1471 ......................¢¢¢¢èèèèEEEE
EEEELLLL÷÷÷÷áááá²²²²~~~~ ƒ¼:
7491 ......................................... /ÂÒ]
9891 .......................................... /Zևgt
/'/'/
7
7Â
ZDw»¯ÄÄz�Ô0*ÎyÔZsòŠ*Zzg¬ÅêLZK+MÆaZ%w„~�Z:ìX¯ÄZDw~ZsòzZKãZŠZg7Ò„z®0™úc*Vƒð÷X¸ZyÅ=qzÑ»gZiìXZDwæt»—*g{÷²Zy»�xÑtz¾[ŠzâVÆaìXZDw»„~zÄ~»g**)@*g+÷ GELZKã~Z¹ŸiZzg»ŠŠgz
«™@*ìZzgŠ*½~ZyÅÑ»Z‹ZsHŠHìX0øhtìā)ZDwÅ”h+zzW#¿ÌƒðìZzgZ¹CÙ§bÆZ‹ZŸ]»¶K:̯c*ŠHìXZDw(ËÅÃl7g~�,œ~ÆŠzgZyYg~g„÷XZkÅYyΙ**:ÜsdZ±gÐZëìÉòzç$©�î EG
0ÃÐÌ¢zg~ìXZDwÅ,Çuz%ŠzŠ¯äÆap+uîYg~g„ìX
Z%ZÄZDwÆazWZzgiCÙÞ6,z"Zƒ@*g;XîZÆO»r{™�gHŠH@*āZk!*iZgÐZDw»m�hZYñXZ¹ÑZ!ZzgG!*i�gHŠHX¹ŠHāz{Zôm,zVÆMÈî0»g¸XZyÆwZzg÷~§ŠåXz{"¿Zzgâ-kZKy¸X‰Z²Zâ]ÃZkÂZF,Æ‚BZzgizgŠZg§jÐÒyHŠH
āZD1]Æ¥„7Z‚E+{J-—zµ~2ƒ‰X#5t@*W,Q¸gä~Ñgìā�¿Z(Zzgz(ìZk»ZsxHZzgZk»${ð G
O§0*ÎyH?—Åßg]~›yZDwÅgÉðYðJw™Mh÷ÔOçtŠ9¢zg~ìāZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]YVƒñ?#5Æ£œHgì÷ZzgZ‹ZŸ]ÆK~ZÝ›ëH÷X
ZDwÃÌpÐi·Zzgˆ¯äÅîÚYg~g„X è ,èZDwŧb„¡¾æELZDw»gìXZk~§ŠìXMÃEÆo°ìXZDwg‡I~Ô’áZzgZsò‚%ZÛAÆqò÷XyŠŠÔZzg#³èD÷XZyÅ×e$èG
ßìX�:êEXLZsx**³ìX‡Šc*+MÐ÷Zmg;åXZ·ZŸXÜs÷á²
¸X0*Îy»¦gZy»7ìÔz){'Z[�¿»g„g‚rƒÔ„~§Š»DgƒÔyŠŠÔZzgD#³ƒÔZ·ZKCKZzg‡Šc*+M»qòƒZzgÜsZq-÷ᲃ'Zk»„òzByâÅãCŠù0Yì?ZzgZ¤/ZDw»¦gè0*ÎyÐÃðm„7ìÂ0*ÎãçÑ}ÃZDwÅZsòù]Æ_.Z2Zg™ä»ÎZw„YðZVc*YYìX
Zq-XtìāfíÒZD1]~LLâCÙ#èGELZD1]óóÅ**g‚×V̬x÷XZq-â8çXLZD1]ÅßÒãË#ÅýLZDwÆZ‹ZnÅãCŠ0YCìXZ+ßÒEVŶK0+„ZzgZkK~ZDwÆ$©�î EG
0ÃÅzŸs#Ì¢zg~ìXZq-Zzg(,ZXtìāZDw6,™zZáZyÆZgZŠ]q#Ũ4è
EGELZDw
Åî�ðÐZW,Jw™Dgì÷ÔOç‰ßxVZD1]Æ¥„~
7Z‚E+{~̬x÷Zzg‰LLxZDwÙkóóÌZy»Dg÷XZKyÅ|ÔZkÆ9·Z7Zzg)~)bÆ9iÆK~›âV~
].h+-VÔà:ÔyzîVZzg (Secular) Д]IŠ'.3ð GGVZzgÑŠ+Z·ZYVz){Æ£«~´)ZDw»ñ�ziyg‚rìXtZsx»éy
ìX›âV~!hÓÀö”]I~ic*Š{F,ZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]»!*)µìXZy»Y,{BÂZDw„»ñ�™T$ŒÛZg0*@*ìXZkÅZq-zztìāZDw»�:êEXLZsx!hÓÀöY\ЗìZzgŠzu~tāZkÅdz„~R—F,ìX
Z%ZÄZDwÅî”h+ÔáZF,ZzgzWF,g„ìXZkßg]qw~
01
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·
âCÙ+ZD1]„Z¤/ZDwÅ÷{zZd,»ZŠgZuZzg¡¾æELZDwÅ¡zÑ
6,ZOŠ7™,ÐÂZDwÅZsòzZKãù]Yð',zñ»gMñÏX1002YÆñ̤/â~!*h{‹~?zg-Eg;Æ£QgŠzÆik,ZÈx
Zq-ÇgƒZXD+g+)bÆK~Zq-!*]t½ˆāZDwÃ7,JDƒñZyÅ—$zgc*VMh}MC÷Xt!*]Zq-Z,™r#Dä½XÅZDwÙÏ!hÐêOìXXÅ+M~Ãð:g7Zzg�#Ũ4è
EGELZDwÅpŠfegì÷X~
äZKWÆŠzgZyZyиŠ!*:Z%s™Dƒñ¹āZDwÅ,6,
K‰Z‹ZŸ]Šg„7÷X‘Õä O)ZDwÅ,6,TŠgïÅYñz{xÐxF,U*"$ƒD÷X
t!*]̇&ÿELf™ìā÷}Zkµ"ÃLLç**uóóŒÛZgŠc*ŠH;tÈ ™āZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]ÃZ‰™äÐ#Ũ4è
EGELZDwÃZ+{ZVNÐXZkÐ
QQMgZ̪CÙÅIXt³å‘Õä O)ZDwÅx,ZzgxF,„6,ZOŠÅ¶»X~Z‹ZŸ]¦™Dz‰ÜÌ6,ZOŠåā)ZDwZL#5Ð}ic*Š{Zzœ—Zzgdz„~Rgnp÷'tZOŠÄZDwÆe:‚!_¬
ZzgZ*Z}ÅR6,æÂVZD1]7,J仳åXLLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óóÅ"ÐZkZOŠ~ZŸ†ƒZXt|Z[zZãƒìāZDw»ZsòzZKãz].Zy›ëÃT§b¢™@*ìZ(™**)›#5z2¤)yzÔZ·ZÅÔ
à:Zzg‡Šc*ãz){(Æae7Ô2›y2¤)!hÓÀö”]Iñß~ÔgzZîQ¦sÆbŠZgÔÇÝwÅ÷á²~ÆŠ−ZŠ{|Z]Zzgq‡+z){(Æ'ÐÌ!*CÙìX
i%æGLûzlZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]Æ‚B‚BZ‹ZŸ]Æ�Z!*]ÅD+z+ÌìX�ZDwÙkZk§sÂzKzw™Dgì÷ZyÅMgZ7Å
11
7Â
ˆ÷ZzgZyÆŠÑbik,cÑñ‰÷Ô@*ët»xbz~ZŠðgZZzg‰ßgÂV~**³åXZkµ"~CÙñçq6,ŒÛd$ŒÛd$CÙnÆZ‹ZŸ]¦K‰÷ÔZyÅYyÎňìÔZyÆø»]zZãK‰÷ZzgßZ‹ZŸ]»ÂhHŠHìXZÒz9Z‹ZŸ]ïÅgzÝ~߆÷Xt
¡÷ā¦”{Z‹ZŸ]»ziyZDwÃèŠ}ÇÔ"ãCŠìXByâZzgZKã#bÆ$©�î EG
0ÃÐ(,}(,}›Šg~2¤ÔZDwÆ‚t1äŠ3ðŠï÷Xz{ZNƒ™ÌZDwä/Z70*DÉpŠˆƒ™g{YD÷Xtz{£xì˜V¡¾æ
ELZDwÅÑZzgic*Š{zZãƒCìZzgz{¬Ð(,|™x
ZzgRŒÛZg0*D÷XEZzg9!*]ÜsZq-ƒCìX!*¹!*'Zâ„߃C÷Îz{¡zœZ‰ÜЊzgƒC÷X´)ZDw»z].ZyÔªZyÁuJ-Ô9!*]»ZŠgZu™@*ìZzgZk»ZÏs÷{F,+cZñ~™ŠêìX�ÁÈgƒÇ
$ÖYñÇXZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]»Y,{BÂ2¤ÁÈgä3÷X2
ZDw#³ßZÅYyÎÅ¢zg]6,LLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óóÆ7Â~gzÝeZà¶XZ,ßZÅZq-z„ÌŠ~¶XA$ìwåā
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]8ZÝe~ÅR»»xì²t»xZkÐÌFkH(,Z�XZDw#³ßZÅèÃg{z„Ì«¶p�'×h+ñZŠ¦ƒZ
ZkÉ7g}ßZió»Zq©zõ²*î»xåXpȮƴz{ZkÆa
z‰ÜÌŠg»gåX~äZq-(,ZêHZzgIZiz‰Ügð],4áàXZf~»ìwgh™;ðÆ‚BZkµ"6,»xÑzq™Šc*X
ZDw6,dâÎÆZ‹ZŸ]Ì{á÷²ic*Š{F,Z‹ZŸ]t]ů6,Zzg{m£œÆ�K‰÷X#Ũ4è
EGELZDw~Ð9
21
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·
0*ÎyÅÃc*CZ‚kÃÅî™**eT÷ÔZsò¶Kè0U*6Æ¿Ãgz)eT÷Zzgøg~òzB�Ã',!*Š™äÆŠg9÷XZyÆ£œz³ZìÃ'Zzg
Zy»D+Zgu™**¢zg~ìX›y2¤Ë:Ë!hÓÀö”]I~~2
÷XZyÆözŠzYæ�:êEXLZsxÆ£«6,‘Õä O)ZDwÅZsòù]ÔZdZzg
Zg«^~Ôúc*Vƒ™‚tMCìXZDw®zqgè0*Îy÷Ô›ËZg~Ɔ÷ZzgZKã',ZŠg~ÃÔœuZñgzZŠZgÅãCŠ6,Ô�Š9eT÷ÔOç
Z%ZÄZDwÅÃ@V»Âh™**Šg|ZKòzBi0+ÏÆDÔZ#Ö0Ægz×wZzgZKãZŠZgÆ�ÛzrÆÚø~**¦/k,ZÌ»qïìX
2¤z#Ũ4èEGELZDwÆZLZLfZCÔ¤/z„ÔòZzgÎZÑZò
t]z£œ÷XZ’Z~Z3ÿXLi!*yäZDwÅi!*y6,Z‹ZŸ]KXZyZ‹ZŸ]ÃZªV~ŠCÙZc*Y@*g;ìXLLZuZgpŠ~óó÷áùƒðÂz�Š~z§Š~
¦sÆqñVäcāMgZðÅXZkÆZôm,~F,3Љà:Æ»y9}ƒñZzgZ¹ætЃqƒäzZÑpã*g{ŒÛZgŠc*ŠHX’&ëGLÜÄ
ÐZDwÃZ%s7åÔZk’q-Æ’q-èF,¿ñZÑ]~æƒäZzgyz›�{èÃZCheÐåX�{y~èÆqñVäp[p[ÉîñX
{} ZDwäZÔÆZN[~z1Â#5äZyÆÜs**gzZZ²Zâ]�B/BŠzgŠzgJ-ˉX�Û‘6,„ñß-VäZKZ•I~Æ!*)
Z¹»�Û¹X²3)ñ)´äZDwƦ§Z¿ŠÐZ%sHXZDw䇊c*EV»7wÅÑZzgZ¹)›ŒÛZgŠ¶»_cHÂZyÆÜsZq-ZzgõfÁŠHXMy~cā�{y~¸èÆK~ñÑ**æãЃZXÆ
czîV»IìāëZDwÃZq-÷á²Ðic*Š{wŠ¶ÃѦxB÷XF,ZUy~zZáZDwÐyzplpF,ZUBÐz{$+'×{ƒñX
31
7Â
ZDwÆZsò${ð GO§èäZ¹**gZn™Šc*X8‹0î E
E0Z[M!*Š~ZDwäZµ›gc*„»¦g7HÂyz',냉ZzgZ,',ëāyz6,öäyz*yÆZkÃäÐZkÃäJ-‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜsiCÙZ]ãÅXyzîVä
ZDwÅ,ZzgZyÆ„Ã*™äÅzWzÚî`ð�ZÌYg~ìXF,¹I’q-äÌZ%ZÄZDwÅizgŠZgî`ðÔZkaāZDwZsxÆ£«~Ý4,xÉËÌZixÆgzZŠZg7¸X
ZDwŠ#Æ£«~ZDwÅ×e$~ZVäzZßVÃ#Ũ4èEGELZDw
ë÷XtŠg„ìāZDw97¸Oç9xÌ7¸X apologists
ZyÐÃ@*„VuiŠƒ$ˉpZk»tÈ7ìā#Ũ4èEGELZDwÆ**gzZ
Z²Zâ]ÅÂ}ÅYñXTZ²Zx»Ãðo]:ƒZÐâ+»Ãð�Zi7XZDwäZZ0+ZgZ:i0+ϬÅÔ¬ÅêLZsxÃfÅïOGÐå3ÅgZ{Š3ðZzg¬ÅêLZK+MÅ#bÆah»âg;c*XZy»ŠÃq™äÆaËmg]pZ„Å¢zg]7Z%Z%ZÄZDw6,ÂZ**×VÜs™äzZßVÃÎOecāZ,VäZK+MÅH}.#ÖÅìÔ2ZyÆ0*khzœZ‰Ü»£gHì?!hÓÀö”]IzVä)].ZzgZâx!*gǃVÆZ0+gÌ#³�ۺƛâVÃhuHXt¿ZsòÂHZKãZp]ÆÌo°ìX!hÓÀöfÆ4,Šq-Zk»�ZipZ{¼ÌƒZsxŠc¤/Š~ÅZYi]7ŠêXZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]™äÅOñZyfÃecāZDwÅZsòù]ÐÃZ+{ZVNZzgZLgz-VÅZ&b™,XZkK~Z)´zZßV~0*GZgZ�Šz‰ÜÅZë¢zg]ìX
y~¸x6,„¸gC›yŠZ›g}.ZÅgŸ6,yzÅpÛŠ~ÃF,ߊï÷Xz{Z¤/›¬Æ�Ûzr6,ÂzŠïÂM`›yZkŠgøzxZzg"':ƒDXyzŠZ›gt‚tÅ!*]7™0*ñāZyÅ',ZŠg~DÙZgzV',kÐ
41
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·
ŠpVZzgØŠgzVÃf?YV™g„ìXÚZzg$+F,+Z¡w6,mg]pZ{ƒäÆaz{MâŠ{z»g7÷X"}.ZZ·ZKƒ»ÎU*"$ƒðZzgZKñ]M\%pF,¹I|Z]»izg¬ZDw(Ë6,åZzgˆ~ZDwÃ
ŒÛZg apologist Z·ZÅU*"$™ä6,XŠzâVgzbÑou÷pËäZ¹7Šc*X‡Šc*+MÆ!*ãä8-ê
EGLt]Æo}~ÖÎðZzg‡Šc*ãZ[J-
ÈwpV~öƒñ÷XZDw6,2n÷pZKeZ„6,mg]pZ{7÷X�d$Æ�Ûi0+zVäf[Ã}.Zz0+¯c*ƒZìZzg!*z�ŠZkÆāf[DÅgzÝÐÝg;ìÔà:Z[J-Zyt]Ð!*CÙ7òn�ZsxÆÜs°lVÆŠzgZy;ñ‰¸XZyƒ4]Ãmg]pZ„Å¢zg]ìX
ZDw®zq§0*Îy÷X0*Îy~Zk6,ÀòZ·tgZññ�ŠìX)q¢~7À.ïGLŒÛMyÅz‚ÔZdF,+dz„~R6,ÔZDwäÅìXÁz÷Zk6,ÌZ·tgZññ�ŠìXÁZiÁtZ·tgZñZDwÐic*Š{Ë
ZzgÆ!*g}~7ìX¡¾æELZDw0*ÎyÔ¬ÅêLZsxZzg¬ÅêLZK+MÆagzÝ
Å ìX¡¾æELZDw»÷Zm0*ÎyÅ¢ïÔ¬ÅêLZsxÅËZg~Zzg¬ÅêLZK+M »fg
#bÆ‚BìXZDwÙÏ»Zq-ZëiZzttìā¡¾æELZDwÃ#Ũ4è
EGELZDwÅMgZ
ZzgZyÆIh+{z£/ÂñVÆÚø~6,3YñXuâtŠZgZ:f!/ge$ÔJZ:Z·ZKÔZ¡àyz#ÖÔz�Š~z§Š~¦sZzgYæz”]Iñße$Ô0*ÎyÔ¬ÅêLZsxZzg¬ÅêLZK+MÆ)b»i7ìXtiZsx~ìXZkÚø~ZDw»�:ê
EXLZsxSàÂz»�ìX0*ÎyÔZsòŠ*Zzg¬ÅêLZK+M
Å#b»gZiZDwÅZsòù]~ìXZDwZsòŠ*ÆZ�ŠzZPxƆ÷XÑtz¾[ÆâÎ>ÞÅwZzgZKãzMùf‚gnp÷Zzg
51
7Â
ZKã',ZŠg~ÆŠÅV»´`CD÷XZ#gŧb0*ÎyÆu»g~ŠZ›gzVä̦S§b´)ZDwÃ
qgz!¨¾æEOL0*Îyâ+ÆOñZ¹
$©o-êGG
GLyÅzm,7™äzZßV~ÐZq-ŒÛZgŠc*@*ā0*ÎãçÑ}ÃZDwÅZsòù]Æ_.Z2Zg™ä
ÐU·ÅYnX0*Îy6,zek,{÷á„ZzgZf÷á„™g„ìXwe$Ô)zZ]ZzgZp]Å諃Cg„ìX�¼7ƒ**ecåc.çGO',kÐz„ƒg;ìXZv¬\ÔgÎwZ™xåÔ‡Z+ZWZzgZDwÆ**xCZîVäY½Æðâ*VXXZDwäƒÐic*Š{izg™ŠZg6,Šc*ìZzg™ŠZg„»hZyg;ìXToÃ÷áƒV»éàCåZЙ±ið
YVäâaâa™"qw™Šc*X
™±iðY
VŤ/ļeLÂ7,~ìZzg¼Zï[»¿ÌYg~ƒZìX0*ÎyÃ!gëg~Ðn„ŧsáYc*Yg;åXZ[b໿Yg~ìX11Xm1002YÆzZu]ƈ6ÚøZ]‚tMñ÷ZzgZDwÅ„~g{úðÅZÌ(,|ìX0*Îy~bàzF,¹»¿Z&q]Ð̃**ecpZ¹0*Îyæ§0*ÎyÆ_.Z2Zg™äÅÃl!*‡°{µ/È~Æ
�™**ƒVÏXZ�ÛZŠÅ÷{F,šMZzgZ¿Š~„ÅqïZsògc*„»ªx**¦/k,ìXZk§bZsò´ZzgŠ*½ÆaZq-%:�ÛZëƒYìX¦§è0*Îy»{ÛZsòŠ*„»7Ô‚g~$hÿ
ELZKã»»ŠÔxZzgZ%w®ìXt0*Îy
»lgìā)ZDwÅZsòzZKãù]ÃZziŒV',zñ»gÑc*YñX!**È0*ÎyÅg{úðÃ$øFL1eZw™ëä¹vyZVc*ìX
‡Z+ZWÆZg÷áŠZ]Zzg)ZDwÆ�:êEXLZsxÆ_.0*ÎãçÑ}Åú
ÐøgZ*lg0YìX¬ÅêLZsx~ë‡Z+Z:™ŠZgZŠZ™Mh÷ZzgQ!ï OG
',ZŠg~ ËZgz�ƒ™:Üs‚%ZYzZEg~Yg¢AÐôpƒ$ËìÉZKã
61
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·
~!*³]£ÄÌqÝ™$ËìXZsòçÑ}ëM}ƒ™¬ÅêLZK+M6,ZW,Z0+ZiƒMh÷ZzgtŠ*�âŠ{6,4ÅŠzh~«¸vg„ìÔpŠ¾r3ð EGV»
3“WÐ$$ËìX£ÄÈÏÐ?Ø™âŠ~F,¹ÅŠzhZKã#bÅ» Ÿð7ìX{0+Zãzu]ÐᙬKZKãZp]J-ÓxZdZKãZŠZg
tãCŠ~NìXâŠ{6,„Š*Ã�,œ~äŠz(,~lVÅßg]~Šz!*g$2c*ìXZkÚø~z{®+ZK+MÅ"·Oq÷2Vädz„~R6,âŠ~F,¹Ãgzq+MZzgZܹZŠZgÆŠZ],}~gppÅZÌQY¤/ÅìXZkZ±gГ¸çLq¢~ZDw»£x»ŠZzg¹—ìXXZ�ÛZŠZzg¤/zƒVäZDwÃâx™ä6,f6ÂZ**×VÜsÅ÷Z,Vä:ÜsZLz‰ÜZzgZLŠwzŠârßùHìÉZK+MÅÌÃð}.#Ö7ÅX|
tìāz{ÇZKãZŠZgÃvyàäÅÃ@VÆ%>ƒñ÷XZDwäB$™-.ç
GGL⻵6,z¤/ZxŠc*ìX¦§0*ÎyZzgZsòçÑ}
ÆÝlQY¤/K÷X�ÛŠÅF,šMÐá™BZ�ŠJ-CÙ%µÅzŸs#ÅìXZsò˜´¢oZzg�ƒVÐÂÃðZEgZ¹Š!*™7gÄnÇX
Q!ï OGzZuìZzgnzZuƒ™Š*~Z뙊ZgZŠZ™$ËìXZsò´Å¢ï»gZiZ�ÛZŠÅ½zF,šMZzgZsò#kgc*2Vƪx~āìX½zF,šM
ÆñZµ7VZzg4+ƒäeÂX›yZ�ÛZŠ»].h+F,+'gÂVÆ‚B÷{F,+ZÜtz™ŠZg»qïƒ**¢zg~ìX¬ÅêLZsxpZgzi1VìZzgZEgÅ
ZsxÆ iŠ6,ìXÇZsxÐi0+{m…XáYñÇZzgu�ÛZi™}ÇXZ0+gÎY%ZzgÌÆi',Š„Zk**]÷ƪZk»9%:�ÛZëƒX
›´¢oz�ƒ™ZK™«Æ´z{¬KZKã',ZŠg~ÅúZzgZ!èEL¬Ýƪx~Z뙊ZgZŠZ™Mh÷X
71
7Â
3Æ ~Zv»]ZŠZ™@*ƒVāZkä=´)ZDw6,Zq-ZëZzgZ[J-
ƒÐ(,}µ"6,»x™äÅÂ=Áe$ÅXZ\kìāeZËg°j÷á�Š*ÐY`÷XLLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óóŬg°½d$~Z,Vä=Zk¸w»]ZtŒÛZgŠc*å:÷áŠxZii0+²ö
YLp÷ā»g}™ŠxXA$~äZyÐ
Z%sHåXZ¤/z{i0+{ƒDZzgZ[Z(ëÂ~Z·t™@*Xtdµ/ZvÅŠ~ƒðÂ=Æ:L0*tŠÃàìX~ZkfZ]
g°z™*ZzgŠk,z«Æ—g>Ò]OÑ@*ƒVX
Z-[™', 9XâÞ7102Y
81
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·
Å,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ] ZDwZq-_·
¢ZÍw
ƒZÍw:2¤
z„ƒZÍw:2¤
32 ..................................$©{5ÿGE
GLZ1Z[ /
92 ....................................... ZIi!*y ª!*[:75 ..................... gzZîQ¦sÆqò ŠzuZ!*[:57 ...................................... à: ŠZ!*[:78 ............................................. yz aå!*[:301 ........................ y~x6,„›y 0*vZV!*[:931 ........................
!hÓÀö”]Iñß~ Ù!*[:541 ............................. Z·ZÅZzgŠCÙb ‚ÂZV!*[:561 ..................... q‡+Zzg¤]Èà] MZV!*[:971 .......................................... ‡Šc*ã âZV!*[:981 .............. ŠZ#Ö6,„Zzgf[6,„ ŠÎZV!*[:791 .......................................... ºt ŠHgðZV!*[:
/'/'/
12
2¤D$©{5ÿGE
GLZ1Z[
1XZ3ÿXLi!*y92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zq-ZŠ!cā 003 . . . . . . . . . œ',ëÆZ‹ZŸ] / WgŠ 053 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZzŠ|F@Åî 083 . . |]:æEOZb)�l$Òk5éGã(ZzgLLZDwÅ{xVóó 014 . . . . . . . . . . . j[ZºM!*Š~ÆZ‹ZŸ] 084 . . . . . . . . . . . . �l'M!*Š~Å#Å©ïEGLZDw 084 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z‹ZŸ]Åz�{ 094 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z‹ZŸ]ÅâÎ 005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zº©g~ò~»»x 005 . . Z3ÿXLi!*yÆZ‹ZŸ]ÆÜsZ3ÿXLi!*y»gœ¿ 0
2XgzZîQ¦sÆqò75 . . . z�Š~${ð
GOsÔqƒZzgZ#îy6,ZDwÅW 0
85 . . . . . . . ZuZgèpŠ~ÆÜsNu) 095 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¿ Zk»gáLO 016 . . . . . . . œ@*`Z−+ÆZ²Zâ] 026 . . . . uŠZg†ZéxÅ#Å©ïEGLZDwZzgZkÅZÝzz 0
32
46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uŠZg†ZéxÅmg] 056 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDwZzgZsò¦s 0
3Xà:57 . . . . . . . . . . . °(ZzgYg~f!ZEg 077 . . . . . . . . ¯7Zzge4jè
EEÆZ‹ZŸ]ÅâÎ 097 . . . . . . .
\.-ôGÔ±ïY
EÔÎgáZzg7xÆZ‹ZŸ] 028 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gZ³gËÅNì 038 . . . . . . . . . . à:ÅßxVZzg**g‚×V 0
4Xyz78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ŠzáZi~~ 098 . y~rÐZsòrŧsZDw»f6^ 019 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yzîVÅ',bÆZò[ 029 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0ÅŠZ›g~ 039 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8‹0î
EE0S[M!*Š»gáLO¿ 0
49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Šb**BZzgg2ÏŽc*] 069 . . . . . yz;]ÅF,)ã�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~Åi!*ã 079 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zy»ZÝ@s 089 . . . . . . . . . . . yzŠZøzgzVÆŠz„Š¤/z{ 099 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDwîâ+ÐZïg 0
42
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
5Xy~x6,„›y301 �,œ~:›ygZ{úÔ’¹ZzgZDw»»Š™ŠZg 0801 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ñÑ**·ZÅDc*] 0011 . . . . . . . . . . . æãzZDw:cāMgZðÅ| 0511 . . . . . . ñÑ**æãÆcz»gzV»Z\k**ugz!îGO 0611 . . . . . . . . ;Z{y»çn:Z‹ZŸ]Åz�{ 0021 . ¸g]~y~x6,„›âVÆŠz„Š¤/z{ 0221 . . . . . . . . . . . . z©Z−+{VÅNM�Û«CV 0321 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MwZ£uzg»Z˜ 0521 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¡@',ã»»x 0621 . . . . . ZöŒZ£Zzg6,zWāZ/»§$þGLï 0721 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PœjÆZ²Zâ] 0821 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Õ1~»Z 0921 0*Îy~y~x6,2VÅ#Ô—ãZzg‡ðx6,4 0
6X!hÓÀö]åIO]Iñß~931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �Û‘6,4Æv**] 0041 . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDw6,¬»:òZzgZk»:L 0041 . . . . ',i+¯geÐ÷áù”{',we$»1Zq-Â^ 0141 . . . . . . . ñÑ**æãZzg‘Õä O)æ¹Æ%h+ZÈ{m 0141 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Û�Û‘6,„ 0141 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f»™ŠZg 0
52
$©{5ÿGE
GLZ1Z[
7XZ·ZÅZzgŠCÙb
541Z£ZÔZº@gZñ7g~Zzg_3ûELŒ:Z%ZÄZDwÅ
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i',Š„ÃÒ0
641 . . . . . . . . . Zðx@:ZDwÅ°pzà 0641 ».$zs\.-ôG:ZsxZzgZDwÆÜsß�VÅF,zó 0741 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\.-ôGÆZDw6,Z‹ZŸ] 0841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7VÍgÄ7g~ 0
841ZuŠZgQ~ÅLLF,¹IZŠ[óóZzgZ„k°jg~
. ÅLLZDw»D¯xóóZ·ZYVÅZDw(Ë»²z`0
351 . . . . . . . . . . Z·ZÅgzkГŠ.ïEGLZDwÅ� 0
351 . . . . . . . . Z·ZYVÆgzb~ªZyÁp~ 0651 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uâtŠZg~ZzgZ·ZK 0751 . . . . . . ZDwÃZ·ZÅc*ZsòZ·ZůäÅî 0
8Xq‡+Zzg¤]Èà]561 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDwÆË**xwp 0561 . . . . . . . . ${ð
GO§0*Îy»Šúh+Zg:aŠO~gØZ 0
661 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gØZÅZ²ZxF,ZâV 0
761iøg‡"$~2ÄZ:�l$Òk5éGãÔÃã$+Z-ãÔc*ku:Ô
. . j[ZºM!*Š~Ô�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~Zzg�l'M!*Š~0
171 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘Õä O)æ¹Å÷á²~ 0371 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zâg�Åà]é 0
62
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
9X‡Šc*ã971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9ŸJ-î~@*í 0971 . . . . . . . . ZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]ÅŠzÍ:âÎ 0081 ZDw»‡Šc*+MÆÜsª*yZzg%iZÇV»gœè¿ 0181 . . . . . . 1zÅ%iZáâZi~ZzgZk6,ZDw»û{ 0281 . . . . . �ZÚiZ£Æï]6,eZËYzh+ZDw»û{ 0
481�†ZÓ].Å«Â[:eZËYzh+ZDwÐõfMgZð
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ÅÃÒ0
481 �†ZÓ].ÅŠzu~Â[:eZËz©‚]ÐcāMgZð 0581 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �ñßs»§$þGLï 0681 . . . . . . . . . . . ‡Šc*EVÆZDw6,Z‹ZŸ] 0
01XŠZ#Ö6,„Zzgf[6,„981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . æt~].h+zŠ*Å“ 0091 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDw»ÂZiÈ„ 0091 . . . . . . . Š'.3ð GGVZzg].h+-VÅZDwÐ**gZW 0191 . . . . . ZDwZzgZ¿ŠÆK~Zq-Z¶g~cā 0
291eZË·-ŠÍgZtZzgñÑ**·-Š−·â~Æ!í�
. . . . . . . »Z%sZzgŠzâVÆչûY,{0
491 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDw»!í� 0
11Xºt791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ua@ÆëâZ 0
72
$©{5ÿGE
GLZ1Z[
791 %iZ°wZ−+ÆÒy™Š{ÓxzZu]Šg„7÷ 0791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¾ëÅ**gZW»:L 0891 . . . . . . Më[ZDwZzgHMë[ÅZ²ZxF,ZâV 0
/'/'/
82
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ª!*[
i!*y è ZI
ZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]ÅZ’ZZq-ZŠ!cÆЃCìXt3091YZzgZ6,s1091Y~уgÐ Ú³³³í³³ˆá 4091YÆŠzgZygzúƒZX�†ZØŠg»g‚!
Yg~ƒZXZ¤/pZkЬԉg‚b~Ô¯ÄZDw÷áùƒ@*å@*ëZDwÅÆfg)©¬x6,M**ÑzqƒNX Ú³í³ˆá Ä~&]ÔZq-öÆ‚BÔ
i^ÖnÌæ]�^Âk 2091Y~ñß~ŸiZäÔуg„ÐÔZq-Gg{gzi{g‚!51#3091YÅZ÷á®)~Z,VäZ3ÿXLº[Å’k,zV 1 Æ**xÐYg~HX
Zq-Zzg*y~LLâŠg~i!*y6,õóó 2 6,Z3ÿXLi!*yÅNKVÆÜsDe$ÅXÃ@½W¯DƒñQgŠzÃôÆOñŠ+zŠ*Æ»ñV~ZÖ§ìw»fg=¯äŧsÂzŠÑðXŸiZ˜÷:
{myz*yÆZ3ÿXLi!*yCÙPQgŠzÃZKâŠg~i!*y¹™, LLZzgZkÚ6,Ae÷õH™,X1‚A‚w»Š/Zk!*]»÷á@ìāZ¹ZkÅF,¹Å„ZkÐ(,|™Zzg¼7āPx²zVZzgx²zVƇ2VÆa�Z£â]~îpÈè,£wzÎgZÈ**iuìwÆaߟ÷Ô¹giã™ÆGz›ZzgÉz‘»ÃðZg@*ìwgÐQ@*g™ÑDZzgZ3ÿXLx²{ËDZzgŠZŠeT÷X1Z3ÿXLº[QgŠzÃZk§b¡ôÆ»x~7ÑDÉZkÊ+zŠ*ÆCÙ
3 óó »x~ZLìÑ]ÆZÖg»fg=IZD÷X92
J�y3091YÆLLZ¥/|Çóó~qY·{y»Zq-*yLLQgŠzº[~óó÷áùƒZXZy»!í�åāLLº[~Zkz‰ÜJ-÷{QgŠz™»èZtaZ7ƒZ'ZIº[ÅZq-ÌZ+QgŠz"Ã7MC&ÃðZ3ÿXLi!*y7,|™p!!i!*y»‡bƒX=º[ÆQgŠzßZÅt**ÍZgßg]8+Mj
ZkÆ�Z[~ŸiZä–: 4 ¥x7ƒCóóXÄ~aŠO~pÙ·™r#Zzg·ZDw™r#»¯xT0*t»ìz{KÙÎV6,l!ªCÙìXHZ,‡.ÞZzg**ñgZ3ÿXL¯Åñ�ŠÏ~tI9ìāº[ÅZq-ÌQgŠz"Z+7
5 ì&ÃðZ3ÿXLi!*y7,|™p!!i!*y»‡bƒ?œ†ZÆ*',ëäLL"3©5å GEGGLgŠóóÆ�Ûè**xÐZq-*y>Zy
~÷áùƒZX ]ö…�æñ1ÚÃ×#o LLQgŠzi!*yº[~óó−H�JZ~3091YÆz‰Ü ~Z#ÐZDwÅ>÷áùƒäÐ÷ÔZk Úíˆá ',ëä–āLLg‚!
Æ ÐZ3ÿXLº[»ŠârZzgÌM�y6,VŠHìXóóZ,VäpÙ·Æ´z{ZDw˜ Zº©g~ 6 ZÃg6,ÌZ‹ZŸ]K�ic*Š{F,gzi%{zõzg{Ð0¸X
÷āLL',ëÆ*yк[~#îZzgßv‹]ÆÜs(MgZŠgZÝ#ŠzâV§sîZzg(MgZð‹]ÆÜs7ÉZDw 7 ƒñóóX
Å#¿Zzg×e$~ƒðXZk§bZq-ZŠ!cÆ»M¸iƒZX÷.8-Zmß~äZq-*y>ZyLLQgŠzi!*yº[~óóÉ™
ÆZŒ Ú³íˆá ~÷áùƒZX Ú³íˆá LL"3©5å GEGGLgŠóóÅàXt*ym3091Y~Ñg}~ZÏÄZyÐZDw»*y©¬x6,Mc*T~LL"3©5å GEGGLgŠóóÆ
8 Z‹Z™]»�Z[Šc*ŠHXZkƈ¼Šp}ŠzâV§VÐ÷áùƒñXZ3ÿXLi!*y|Z]Æ;VZŠ!czI}ZzgcÃVÅgzZe$÷"zΊZ"ÆÇЬMg„¶XeZË·©[¬%"äZ¶K"YzŸ"и"zfzt"J-Ä~ZŠ!
03
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
cÃV»Y,{7HìXZkY,}ÐZ3ÿXLi!*yÆgDyèËZzgñ笋W»Zh§bZ0+Zi{ƒY@*ìXLLÜā!cóó~z{˜÷:
ΊZZzg÷ÆŠzgÆZ¶KZzgŸyZy»giZg~(MgZÃMD÷'i!*0+ZãÃ].Zzg®Ã²znzZ°ÆŸ�VÆáZŠs${ð
GOgHŠH'³tƒZāÓxÆÓxIt#²znzZ°
Ƥ/ŠRgì'øgZìwìātZycāMgZÇV»„gœè¿åāZ¶K䉟�VÆÜs¼6Š"K'ZkÓxgœzŠbÆ$øFL1®»ÇZ:gztZzg6gDyÅMzm,l»x™g„¶'¸ägzZîZŠ[c*�ÛΊ{�Z+»–gZ71ÔZkaZyÆŒVŠZ#Ö6,4öK:¯c*ŠHìX÷áh+fztÆa¹ƒ:
÷ZI:æELŠ¾gz¶{m?**iZV
9 0*$k5Àö EGYLgÌzg{¬x¹ì
ZkZ½kЙsªCÙìācāMgZðZ3ÿXLi!*yÅ¡]~÷áï¶X®÷á²~¹Ô²znZzgZ°J-özŠg;XZkgœzŠbÆ:1ÇZzg@*i{»g~ÅMzm,l¶XZI~ÃZ3ÿXLi!*yƒä6,¹õìZzgZDw6,ic*Š{Z‹ZŸ]Z4ŧsЃñÔpæ]J-~zZßVÃZ3ÿXLŠ‹äZ3ÿXLi!*y
t:HXZk»Z0+Zi{ŸÆZkÄЃ@*ìX¿V»áVtìāëZ3ÿXLi!*V÷
01 Šà7Š@ìi!*VŠZVt¹V÷@*ë~zZßV䊊~Š{îÈ÷á²~Æ£«6,LL~»Š{îÈ÷á²~óó
‡ìHZzgŠzâVŠ{îycāMgZgìXcāMgZðÅtgzZe$ŠâV~gcƒð¶XZ3ÿXLº[Æ£«6,Z3ÿXLi!*y»Ô—ã',F,~»ZˆkzZŒgŠgCåX
13
Z3ÿXLi!*y
ß!*ðƒÆ‚Bï™t—ãZŒgèÃg{ZŠ!cÆ»:L¯TÆË~¯ÄZDw6,áŠ}ƒðXeZËYzh+ZDwÅtgZñÂzÔìāLLZ3ÿXLi!*yZDwÆ].h+Z‚Å3ïGELÒy~Q}ïs¸Xz{ÂqàÅi!*yÃÌR:B
¸Yèqà»zí0*ã1$å˜VÅi!*yà:¶XÎÑzq„Ðài!*yZzg Ç6,„ 11 ÆæÈyäZDwÅi!*yZzgõzg}6,Z‹ZnzZgŠKóóX
ÇÝwÅ÷á²~ÆŠ−ZŠ{Z3ÿXLi!*yÔ¨ù¦ÔZ’Z~Zzg‰|Z]æ]J-Zq-LLº!óóÅÄ~Ñ»Z0+Zi{:™nX
(äZL*yLLQgŠzi!*yº[~óó» 21 LL"3©5å GEGGLgŠóó)œ',ë{ØZq-tg}6,HXZ,VäLL',ZŠgZȺ[óóйāLLñß~ŸiZvg}**ŠZyŠz„÷ÔZyÅ!*ÂV6,:Yî'Z¤/º[ÆZ¶gzVÆfg)Ðyz*y~ßQgŠz%z`ƒYñÂ÷}4,Šq-Z+QgŠzÆgZò
31 ƒäÐZk»gZò:ƒ**¼ic*Š{%æENZ7óóXñß~ŸiZäLLQgŠzÆŠÔóóÆik,ÄZy–āLL‰QgŠzŠZâV»
tiøìāZ3ÿXLi!*y÷Âë÷ZzgQgŠz1%ÆZzg™ÆaZg÷ÂëXóóŸiZZ3ÿXLi!*yÆgzb6,WZzgZ3ÿXLº[Å×e$™Dƒñ'×h+˜÷:
Z3ÿXLº[äQgŠzi!*yÅu6,4ÅÔZÐZCc*ZzgZk~úc*VF,¹ÅXZ¤/¼¶g{·÷á„g¹6ÅTÆ%Z3ÿXLi!*yQgŠzÃQgŠz7BXëQgŠzi!*yÃ9}v}0*ãŧb7
BXøg}4,Šq-QgŠzZk™sËs0*ãŧbì�M�yÆ!*ŠßVÐåZF,@*ìZzgZV~cìXQgŠzŠygZ]aZƒg„ìX�õzg}qw~Zôm,~õzgZ]ÐZ~.K‰÷ÔZyÆZ÷7ŠÆK~ÔŠ‹ÆZ3ÿXLi!*yÃð{m¤7gnpXËZi÷á²ÃZ#Ãð*õzg{IMc*ì
23
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Âz{ŠzuzVÅ�»³7g;ÉZzgzVÆa�aZ™äÅÃÒÅXQgŠzy~4,ZqÆZkŠzg~QgŠz1%™zZáË
41 ¤/z{ÅçZhZ**µìZzgQgŠzi!*yÆ‚BŠ#ìXZDwZL*y~˜÷āZq-™r#LL"3©5å GEGGLgŠóó**øzZDwÆ
ZÃg6,Z‹Zn™DƒñºçVÅçQhZD÷p�i!*yZÌ0g„ƒZzgTÆõzgZ]ZzgZÖp].h+¢zgc*]Ã7gZ™äÆaz»¯»ZºZqKYgìƒVZkÆõzgZ]zZÖpÅ¡z°x¡»£g‡ì™**õwìXte
7ā˜V˜VZk»gzZ`ƒÔz;VÆßÍV»§$þGLçÑ]ÔZyÆÕãqÑ]ZzgZy»Z0+Z¯ÒyZk6,ZW,K%gìXtDZv»0ZßwìZzgt!*]Ë©~c*ŠŠ~Æ'~7ìāZkZßwÆ¿ÃgzunXÀì
āöÔ#{Ô>~Ô8xz){ZzgÃgÏZzgZôm,~ÆõzgZ]ÆŠF,3ÚØZEw™zpZ¤/Ãð¿ZKQgŠz’k,~˺!õzg}»ŠF,Àc*Ãð6,pº!ÂZEw™Š}ÂZkìzÑu»%>õX
ZDwÅZy!*ÂV~ziyìXZyÆŸ~—g7ìX˜÷ā:LLZ¤/p"3©5å GEGGLgŠ™r#ä!*<m|]**øÅZzg‰‰(÷~ÚŠÆHiZgZÖpZEwK÷1~!*z�ŠhZzgŠg]ÆZk!*]ÐZ�Zi™zVÇYè¢è
EELW»ªZßw¸ìāZk»CÙÂ+MÆ�lÐÞZƒXWÅ
¯Šz4Ô›Zzg({�6,ƒãecXóóZDwä¢è
EELW»�ãCŠ~ZßwÒyHìÔZkÆŠg„Zzg—ƒä
~Ãð¯x7Xñß~ŸiZäÌÃð!*]ß7èpZDwÆ$©�î EG0Ã~
ÂZiyic*Š{ìXZg»ñi!*yÆUÃ&4øFGILÃgnpƒñÌZDwZ3ÿXLi!*yÆ
õzgzVÅ0*È~âzg~ŒÛZgŠï÷Xi!*0+ZãÆK~ZŠ¬ÆOñZDwÆ;VZÎgÃM@*ìXOç˜÷:
33
Z3ÿXLi!*y
÷á²Z3ÿXLi!*yÆõzgZ]»0*ȃ@*ìZzgt0*È~¢zg~ìpZ3ÿXLi!*yÆ{]Å0*È~¢zg~7Xt¢zg7āZ¤/n}äÒjè
IELîg–ìÂëÌ+îg„–™,'M\tg÷=Z‚E+{Å�~»Šúò7ìXZ¤/Z3ÿXLº[íÃc*|]**øÃ(:*î EXz�{»ïìw™D÷ÂZyÅtìXi!*y»çn(,Z**iuƒ@*ìZzgtZq-Z+ŠØZg¦/ZgzZŠ~ìā!*<mZyßÍVÃ�Z3ÿXLi!*y7÷ŒVŠxŠx6,™3ä»Z0+6ì'ÎZz‡]÷}»ÅªZknŃCìā
~!*z�ŠZK"dZzgÁâ¯ÆÄì6,6gƒY@*ƒVXzg:51 =:i!*0+Z㻊úòì:÷á²~»X
ZDw»t*yZyÆZd—ãÅg»1ìXZyÆ4,Šq-Z3ÿXLi!*yÆõzgZ]Å0*È~¢zg~ìXt—ãsä»gZ3ìÔ@*ëZDwԸŧbÔLL0*Õg{zg\êL¬xóó~27÷XZyÆ4,Šq-Z3ÿXLi!*yÆ{]Å0*È~¢zg~7XŠâäZ¤/LÒjè
IELîgó–ì¢zg~7BāëÌLÒjèIELîgó
„KX‘ÐêLZvÆ0ZßwÅgzÐZDwZkË6,ã÷āQgŠz˜V˜VYñÏz;VƧ$þGLçÑ]Zzg§¯Òy»ZW,Zk6,7,}ÇXŠzu~i!*âVÆZÖpzõzgZ]ŧbº!ÆLL%æFNpóóZÖpZzgõzgZ]ÆZEwÃY,B
÷XZ3ÿXLº[ÅQgŠz6,áŠ}ZzgºçVÅçZhZäÃ**oƒìw™DZ,ZÖp ÷ZzgLLŠÆHiZgóóZÖpÆ�Z[~LLhZzgŠg]óógppÆ!*z�Š
ZEw7™DXZ¹Z‚E+{ÅLL�~óó»Šúò7²ZKLL"dóóZzgLLÁâóó»f™™D÷XZ3ÿXLº[»–gZ7feZzg:ZyÅ°pÐ$+^ƒD÷Éë÷āZ3ÿXLº[Z¤/=»ïìw™D÷ÂtZyÅtìXZDwÃZˆkìāi!*y»çn(,Z**iuƒ@*ìZzgZkŠØZg¦/ZgzZŠ~~)Z3ÿXLi!*y
43
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ŠxŠx6,™3Mh÷XtgztZzgtZˆkcāMgZð»7ÔgZÓ¾w6,Ç'×yg�»ìXZDwуgÆx²zV~©~ZzgŠŠ~Š{îâVÐzZhÄZÅ
8iïELfsÄ5981Yc*6981Y»ì: 61 !*bLL85Ò©ø FFGIóóÐÌZµgì¸XZDw~Ð:ŠàÐì¾n
71 ëÂZ§÷9êELiÅýL¾wÆ
tZDwÅwK»iâ:åX–wì·oLLZkŠz§Ç~ÌYOLLWgŠóóJ-ZDw»].h+Z|[úc*V 81 „~®ÆÝlā{¤/÷Xóó
ZzgZy»®!*6{ƒ[åXZkÆ!*z�Š:ZDwÃLLi!*0+Zãóó»Šúòì:LL÷á²~óó»X·yÅOñtZÎgÅgzlì²d�ÛZ¹ÆZÖp~æ
ZDwä 91 £',kÅ/„~ZDwîÅ!*gÃV»ë&ÅgqÝåXLLWgŠóóÆ��Z!*]Šbz{9Šg„¸XZy�Z!*]ÐZDwÆzWzr_¬Zzg÷{z¢W~Åg»è¸ìXtZkz‰ÜÅßg]qwìZ#ZDwZÌZDwÐMÇ{7¸XZ#pŠMÇ{ZDw»¡¾æ E
L—Ú',t¿ÎZzgZy12 ÂZDwäŠ*Ãzg†î0ª]~eZwŠc*X 02 Æpy®Ð7{®Å%ŠƒðX
Z®s@qàZI~ƃ»DgƒñppŠËƒ~27¸XZº©g~ä–ìātBïGLi!*yÅçV~qàZzg(ZDwÆ
LL…óóZ¶g8gzi{ÐgziZ:ƒZÂZ¶gÆæk,Æ**x 22 qñV~÷áï¸Xqàä�x»@*g5XâÞ3091YÆZk@*gÆZÖpøDfs¸:
�ßvº!QgŠz6,Nì™D÷Z¹c*ŠgecāQgŠzi!*yZyÆ;ðVÐò™º[~Yg„ìXZ¤/¸Ÿæ]
J-Yg~g;ÂT§b²!i!*y²[Ðò™Zzg÷áx~¬ˆÔGz{z‰ÜŠzg7ìāŠ‹Zzg~ÆOñуgQgŠz»
32 yƒYñÇX
53
Z3ÿXLi!*y
èÃg{ZŠ!cā4091YÆMyJ-»ƒŠHpLLZzŠ|F@óóä4091YÐLLZzŠ|F@óó 52 ÂZÐ5391YJ-Yg~g3X 42 ZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]»ŸÑzqHX
'×ZOZzg9tZ0+Zi~ZDwÃ@sW¯@*g;XZDwäZL‰èo~ZyZ‹ZŸ]6,ZÖgìwHìX6âga
7191Y÷Š+¯tÆ**x˜÷:ZzŠ|F@ä�Z‹ZŸ]í6,K÷Zy»=D7Xz{6,pˆl™**ecXeìāZyZ‹ZçV~Ãð»xÅ!*]ƒX
~zZác*Zzg2ntìw™D÷āZDw÷á²ì1÷~¾n÷á²~Ði!*0+Zã»ZÖgc**yM�Û7:~äM`J-ZLM\Ã÷᲌ìX|~¢è
EEL÷á²~ZkŠgŠ±ZzgÂìāZq-/~ÌZKyZk6,qz~7ƒYXQ~Yð»x[ƒYƒV&gzi~ÆŠ®}Ð�Û›„7QX÷Z°ŠÇ{Ç{Ä™ÐÜsZkŠgìāP_�
62 ÷}f‚~÷ZyÛâVJ-àŠzVZzg'X¦Ø•@äLZzŠ|F@ÔZ¶g»F,Z5ÂZDwä�Z6Z¹–:÷}ìw~tZk‡.Þ7ìāZk»�Z[Šc*Yñ''»f‚ZzgiZztó{Úp5+k,gT÷1'ÃÃðÌ
{§~7Ñ@*X!*z�ŠZkÆātÄ÷~Z’Zð»zØV~Ðì@*ëPZ‹ZŸ]S®)Å!V6,FF÷XÅf)ŠZg~í6,¬Z+7ƒ$ËX¾qw|]**ŠÄÅZÝ{ñVÊÚ~**»xgì÷X÷á²~¡õzgZ]ZzgZÖ§ÒyÅ¡Ð(,|™¼ZzgÌìX÷}£gWógzVÆZŠ!£gzVÐZ÷X÷}¯x~÷á²~¡Zq-U*â~wgBbìX
63
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
72 =‡tpZé7āŠz§q¢ÆÄZ~÷ZÌÑgƒX&gziÔ6†g~9191YÃØ•@„Æ**xÔZq-ZzgÄÆK
~ÔZDw˜÷āÄ~{xVñ�Š÷1Z[Zk§sÂzŠ¶Å=�Û›7XÄÅ{xV;C÷Zzg‰£â]6,{ñV»mZÖgÒyÐìX
82 ©~**ŠzVÃZÌWÆZßwIÅ¢zg]ìXZDw÷á²G¸XLL�ÛâÈ}.Zóó~pŠÃL÷á²ætó¹ìXZ%
Li!*0+Zãó»ZÖgZzgL*yM�Ûó™äzZá÷á²7¸XZyÆ4,Šq-÷á²~»®M‚y7ZzgZk6,qz~ƒäÆaZq-/ecXZkЪCÙƒ@*ìāZDwZõƒ®ÅZÌÐMÇ{Ô@*ëZyÆ4,Šq-÷á²~¡õzgZ]ZzgZÖ§ÒyÅ¡Ð(,|™¼ZzgÌìXZyÅÃi!*yÐic*Š{_6,
¶X2¤Ãð»xÅ!*]KÂZDwZ.Š}6,MâŠ{÷pZ¹De$ìā©~**ŠÄÅZÝ{xV7ŠN0*ñXZ,VätgZñªCÙÅā©~ÕŠzVÃWÆZßwIÅ¢zg]ìXZDwäÄ~{ñVÅñ�ŠÏ»Z‹ZsHpWógzVÆ£gÐZ%sHXtWógS®)Å
!V6,ÌZ‹ZŸ]aŠï¸XZDw»LLF,Z:Yy~óó4091Y~©¬x6,Mc*åX·/ä–ìāZk
t 92 F,ZäÃÜ™Dz‰ÜZyÐ�™VƒNz{Z‹ZŸ]»!*)0IXÄLLiâ:óó'LLZ�Šóó'LLŠYZióóZzgLL&yóó~÷áùƒðX–weZËŠHyPÔZDwäLLŠYZióóÆZ‹ZnÃg«™DƒñZq-^qLL¥xì…ÊgŠ.VøgZóó$+w™LL¥xHËÊgŠ.VøgZóó™Šc*åX‹]ñ;ãäZkZ&bÅ°pÅZzg–āLL|]ZDwÅ>gzi',zii!*yÆÒpЙsƒCYC÷X»lāÜÂzZzgZôoz{Ä~™D÷z+„�~Ì™DYèëZ\kÆ‚BŠÙ÷āZÏ6,d)&yÔZÆ',4091Y(~ZyƼ
73
Z3ÿXLi!*y
&yÆèÃg{Ñg}~t 03 ñÎx/L¸òi0+ÏÔ~¹ÐZÝoñ�Š÷XóóOç‹]ñ;ã 13 âÌŠg`åāLLZk¼»Üāë@t**ø+™D÷Xóó
äZk¼6,�Z‹ZŸ]KÔZy»@s‹]Æ4,Šq-ZDwpŠg|z{Z‹ZŸ]ÜāâöÅi!*y6,¸XÂ"$Å™VÐÉîC÷X·Š+tÆù”î0¯xÅZ÷á®)6,ZDw䢋œî G
0@*gõ¹�Zk§b÷áùƒZ:;Ißä¹ÉŠ}L¾ÁÃtó @*gõÅíÃ�ÕƒðZDw
ïƒâg7g~ä–āLLtâœø0L@*gõŠg„7¥xƒ@*X‘Õä O)ÃZ°ZŠÑg™ä~tƒðóóX²–wZº©g~ûZ5ßìX9L¾Á$¸ç
EE¯tóLL.8-ìwóóÆZ~4391Y 23 ìXLL$¸ç
EEóóp!Ô@*iÏc*÷áŠZ!ÆsV~ìXÆÑg}~Zq-*y>ZyLLÇq¢ÆÄZÅ{xVóó÷áùƒZT~ZDwÅŠzV6,Z‹ZŸ]¸X‰5&Z‹ZçV»mÂ"$Å!V
ÐåXt*yL**¡åGLZŠ[óÆ�Ûè**xÐÖåXZŒÑg}~LLßðgóóÆ�Ûè**xÐËä�Z[–ZzgZݹÂ"$ŶK0+„ÅXVwÆîg6,L**¡åGLZŠ[óäLL),ÄZ³~ìÍc*gN*‚ZuZºi~óóÜ™ÆÎZwQVc*ā
^q¾d~ìXLßðgóä–āLL),xZ³óóÅOñLL),ÄZÜóó7,ÛÂ33 M\ÅÂiƒYñÏX
LL!*8-ŠgZóó4291Y~ZzgLL!*wƒsóó5391Y~÷áùƒðX‘Õä O)ZDwÆZyÄ~ùúV6,ÌZ‹ZŸ]Å1YhÅX�l$Òk5éGãäLL|]:æEOZbóóÆN**xÐZq-îs*yуgÆZ¶gLL0*gkóó~ÔLLZDwÅ{xVóóÆÄZyÐmzZgVZc*X8291Y~ZÐÂ!~÷áùHŠHX²l$Òk5éGãä7791Y~ZЊz!*g{÷áùHX–wZº©g~ŠZpzg]Zi+c»6ZkTgŸ
LLZDwÅ{xVóó»�Z[{Šxƒâg7g~ 43 ä4991Y~›Ð÷áùHìXLLiâ:óó»zgÆæk,Šc*3,Zíðä#9291Y 53 X ZzgŠw·cYßO~äŠc*
83
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
~Zk6,û{HXð˜÷:eZËZDwƯx~‰i!*yÅ{xV0*ðYC÷ÔpZy{ñVÆ!*z�ŠZy»¯xQgŠz÷á²~ÆZg»ðŠzgÅZq-i0+{Vwì'|]ZbÃtŠN™Gâ-σðƒÏāZDwƯx~�õÍ÷ÔZyÆ£«~P{xVÃðzw7g‰XZy{ñVÆúc*V™äÐZDwÅà]z³]6,ÃðZW,7
63 7,YXZka|]Zbżiã[‡g7½Y$ËXuZ`©~ä)Y+$ŠZg~Zzg(,~uJ-©~£gÃ7Ãgnp
ƒñLLZDwÅ{xVóó»Y,{1XZy»*y>ZyLLZDwÅ÷á²~6,hz**hN쪯ÄZDw6,|]Zb»’)ÿLZkóó‚Ü)LLuzlóóуg~Ô†g~1391Y~÷áùƒZXZbäÂ[ÆZ’Zð,]~–å:
ëZDwÃGwƒäÆ!*z�ŠGwìÆa»g7Xršý ELÒyÔ:ÈlÔ"g$Šö EL¯xÆ%äÔ’?çEELËÆo]ZÒ(0*ñYD÷X‰(ÄÍðZzgÄÍð~×™**ƒY@*ìXŠZzgs~œÅVB̼Á7Xw!*CÙ/V
»»° ŽâgìXâZŠgZÖpÆ‚B0+g‹ZÖpZzg0+g‹F,ZIfí{ñ�ŠìXYOs~»/0*ðYC÷Xi!*yÆÒpÐtÈMh÷āÃg8LuÐic*Š{ìXgzi%{ZzgõzgÒi!*y~ZÒ(™,3ð÷XZzgÂZzgE+Pz@*-MÅÌ™V0*ðYC÷Xáz»]ÅfgZÌ6,zZ7ňXZ%½¹Ô·¤//ÔZ:ñ£ZzgZq-Šz(u‘ÆÛ[Ì'6,ZÄ_VZVgì
73 ÷XæzizZZ+ZzgfZÖp6,È/“{Õƒg„÷XtZ½kÜ™ÆÔLL!*8-ŠgZóóÅŸ{ñVÅZkz„6,uZ`©~
93
Z3ÿXLi!*y
øDfsgZñªCÙÅì: ä)1(0+g]ìw‡.ÞZ‹Zn7)2(ZϧbZ¤/¡Æ‚BZÖp**Šg{ÐF,0Ì¿¯ñ‰÷Âz{̇.Þ¤/Ä7')3(Ãg8L»„Z¤/–w2nZDwƯx~ìÂ'ZyÐic*Š{¸z){Ưx~ñ�Šì'ÄZñqwÆ
83 ¯x~ÃgÏZÖpŽâgM`ÌÃMCìXQgŠzi!*yZzgõzgZ]Å!VÆ!*g}~uZ`ÅgZñtìāZkK~Š‹Zzg©Æ%œ/zVŧsg�qHYñÂ4ìpZkŠz§
MiZŠ~~QgŠz„ÆZ°zçZ*ÔZkÅÜszèZzgZkÆZßwÅ0*È-V»HÎZw?ZL-û}~uZ`äZbƉZ‹ZŸ]Ã9ŒÛZgŠc*XZÒÃßU*"$HX¼Z‹ZŸ]ÃßÃ~Zzgƒ6,úwHZzg¼ŠZ‹ZŸ]ýŒÛZgŠc*X$Òk5éGãÅ"3©5å GEGGLZDw6,Zq-©~»tû{{™ŠNZzgÆìX
',•ZÍdÅÂ[LLZDw»÷á²Z:izZwóó1391Y~÷áùƒðXZkÆzZzw~LL!*8-ŠgZóóÅÔ–w'Ô{xVik,cÑðˆ÷XzŠzx~LLZuZgzgñióó'LL\xætóóZzgLLi1gYóóÅŸ{ñV6,cìXÍd
äZDwÆZÃgÅLLZ&bóóÌŠg`ÅìXZyÆÂaLL{Šâ:p´VóóZzgLL¸Š!*:p´Vóó!*nKM5591YZzg6591Y~÷áùƒñXLL{Šâ:p´Vóó
~LL!*8-ŠgZóóÆ553ÄzV~p´V?m,ň÷ZzgLL¸Š!*:p´Vóó~LL!*ÁƒsóóÆagZÏZÃgÃpsHŠHìXaæŠg~ÅÂ[LL**ŠZÈZDwóó7591Y~÷áùƒðT~LLZDwÅ{xVóóLL{Šâ:p´VóóZzgLL¸Š!*:p´Vóó~QVñ‰¼ŠZ‹ZŸ]Æ�Z[÷XZq-Â>ZyLLt:p´Vóó™ì>~äLL¸Š!*:p´VóóÆ�Z[~–�ÍdÅzÃ])6591Y(м¬÷áùƒZX',•ZÍdÅÂ[LLZDw»÷á²Z:izZwóó»ÔèÃg{
04
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ÍdÆPZ‹ZŸ] 93 ”VÉÔ×Y,{gZ¶ä7HìXÐsÃZyÅ‚g~Wš�ZiZzg**gzZìXLLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óóZº©g~Å
04 ÃЦ/gCÂz{LLZDw»÷á²Z:izZwóó6,»x™ä»ZgZŠ{÷áh+:™DXLL!*Áƒsóó÷áùƒðÂZ3ÿXLi!*y|Z]äZk6,LLZ‹ZçVÅ1Yh™Š~Xóó
ZkK~ZW,©~˜÷:ª]tìā!*8-ŠgZÃÜs6,ZäìwÆßÍVä›w¯c*å�ZÖpÆŠgznÔ*yÅÌðÆŠ−ZŠ{Zzg5F,KVÔ].h+ÀVZzgŠvZºZ¬]c*Q3ÆYãŠÔ÷Ôâ�ZyZzgZôm,~ŠZy¡äílxHåÔ1!*wƒsÅ!3©{ï NEG9LMG9~t)®)Ìg‡IzVÅ6.3ð XEZìXZq-äi!*yÅ{ñVZzgZ‚Å3ïGELÒyžZ"$Ã**Ih+Ï»:LŒÛZgŠc*Šzu}äLLhZÈ\xóó»ê™ŠgH'Zq-¤/z{ZDwÃàQgŠzÐ**zZ�HìÔtZq-uJ-9ì1ZkÃZÌŠbÕì'=ÂQgŠz~ŠzuZZDwÃ7M@*'ZyÆZÃgÐZ0+Zi{ƒ@*ìāi!*y6,NìÐZã$+Šw7ƒDæZk$+èZ¹Ð�ZÃgÆ_J-g‚ð:ƒäÆ!*z�Š{ñl7gSÉßpzCÔßËïrZzg06,0t™CìāZLBc*yé¬x6,ÑCìXZDwÅpŠŠZg~Zzg÷áÈZ=�Z[ŧs
14 ÷7ƒCZzgßxVÄYC÷Xg‚!LL÷á²óóM¤/{)#�y5391Y(~LL!*Áƒsóó6,&2Ÿ:p}÷áï¸XZy~Zq-*y**ñg÷á²ZzgÕŠj[ZºM!*Š~»åXZyÆZ‹ZŸ]ic*Š{ZÌÆqïÔZkaZW,©~äZy6,û{HZzgZy»�Z[–X8Šzu}2¤»½xÌÁŠHXt!*]Ñ$þ
JLÂzìāLL!*8-ŠgZóó
14
Z3ÿXLi!*y
6,LL|‹Zbóó)�l$Òk5éGã(ÆZ‹ZçV»�Z[uZ`©~äŠc*åXLL!*Áƒsóó6,j[ZºM!*Š~ÆZ‹ZçV»�Z[ZW,©~äŠc*XZ3ÿXLi!*y
äÔZ3ÿXLi!*yÆ£«6,ÔZDw»ŠÃqHXZkÐZyZ3ÿXLi!*y6,»g~¢[Ð�!ŠZãÔ—ã·yzƒZzgw$ýGLZDwƒäÆiø~2¸XZzŠ|F@ä{ñÙZ(g™àZzg2¤ÔZL„yZy~ԓЊzegƒñXZkÆ!*z�ŠZDwÅi!*yZzg®÷á²~6,Z‹ZŸ]»ŸYg~g;X�**ñgÄZZDw
ÆÜsŠzg‡"$»DgÔz{Z%ZÄZDw~zsgìXZy~u:Zzg�l{mîg6,‡.Þf™÷Xu:Ðic*Š{�lŠÅMv~RgìX†Z?x0+z~ÅLLZDÁ»ïóó8491Y~÷áùƒðXz{˜÷āLLeZË™r#Ưx~ZŠ[zZ¶KÅ{xV¢zg÷paèËäZy!VZzg{ñVÃ,
†Z?x0+z~ 24 Æ‚B7Š3c*ìZkaëpŠZk**ÍZg�ÛnÃZŠZ™D÷Xóó34 ÅÔZkK~Ôïâ-kÁìZzgZÝoŶK0+„&CÿLOÃìX
-VÂZÝo¾Æ¯x~7÷?–wÒZ°ÝÃgz¹LL÷Z/Ô÷ŠgŠÔ**tÔñðÔŠZrZyƒÆŒVè™Ô¸/$Ôõzg{ÔÈZzgpÅ™VQ
p2¤ZDwpŠZ+!VÐôp7g{nXZy~Ð9 44 ÷ÔÔ÷ᲸZzgË:ËŠgZ~ZDwÃZL£«6,gÄ™ŠÙ¸XZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]»îsŸ**oƒZzgLL)zóóÃM@*ìXMwZ£uzgäj[
ÆZ‹ZŸ]6,û{™Dƒñ–ìāLLZyZ‹ZŸ]~ÐÃðZÚz¯LLZzŠ|F@óó~ÔqàÆ!*g}~Ôt 54 7ÔTÆ�Z[ÅÃÒÅYñXóó
Äæ]J-Ú÷áùƒ@*g;:ZFøg}.VÐqà»qwìyZÈ0*ã1$ŧb0*')é Jwì
uŠZgQ~˜÷āLLz‰ÜZzg@*gõätCŠc*āyZy0*ã1$Å
24
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
§bÃy0*')é JwƒZp�ÛΊÏÔŠZ#ÖI~Zzgg‡6,4ä“t™äÐZïg™Šc*ZzgDÙZgzV>}Rugì÷%~>*i~ÔÈ™
ZDwÅi!*y6, 64 ZDw»èZtQhZc*Zzg!*ÁƒsÃLz!*Áƒsó»**xŠc*ŠHXóóZ‹Zn™äzZáÄZƯxʬYñÂ¥xƒ@*ìā:Üs¯ÄZDw
$Òk5éGã Æ£«~ZkÅw©àìÉZk~ZÝoÌñ�Š÷XŒV�lƯx»%:Šg`HY@*ì:
�CÙgziz°{$+mgì $+wYñpŠÌª]ìHÀ_ìŠxÂÀ_gì %~"ŒÛZg~?ë÷z{ZyzV»yðÌPgì »ëGƒ™xÌ})�Û¹VJ-Xgì tîÁ^tÝz�ÛZi
74 Kzg�ZCÙZ!gì Ãð�CÙ~�lƒc*:ƒtgzZîÔ�ÛΊ{Zzg"»g÷á²~ìXZDw»ázu¯xÌZkÐ4
ìXZ,ÄZi!*yÆ!ZEw»${ðG
OgÌ7™MhZzgi!*y»!ZEw„ZDwÆ¢è
EEL÷á²~»�CÙìX$Òk5éGãÆZÃggzi%{zõzg{ÆÛ[ÐÌôp7÷XLŠxÂ_óÅ(LŠxÀ_gxóûÃìX)�Û¹VJ-IÔ9i!*yìXL�CÙŠ3**óÔL�CÙ–óZzgL�CÙïÜóõzg}÷XLiCÙQ&óÌõzg{ìXL�CÙQ&óõzg{7ìXZ¤/}ìÂZiÄ~fztÆo°ìXÍdƯxZzgZDwÆZÃg6,Š~ˆZyÅZ&jV»Y,{LLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óó~1ŠH
ìXZЊÚÐÍdÅÁ"»Z0+Zi{ƒYìXñßs©à÷ᲸZzg,xƒ‰XZ[Zy»**x‘Õä O)ZDwÆ2nÅwÐi!*È6,Mg;ìX�l$Òk5éGã»ÑgÌi0+{÷á²zV~7ìX)�l'M!*Š~ÅZÌÌÁƒ
(LWgŠóc*œ†ZÆ*',ë»**xZ¤/1ŠHì‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜÔ 84 ìXzg:@*g+÷ GELZŠ[~ZyÅÃðw7X
34
Z3ÿXLi!*y
Z3ÿXLi!*yäZDwÅi!*y6,Z‹ZŸ]YVK?ZkK~MwZ£uzg˜÷:
÷á²~ÆŠzjw÷XZq-$]zZ7gZ]ÐZL¯xÃ%u™@*ìXŠzuZõzgZ]6,YyŠêì'õzg{È~÷á²~~ZâÆ7Î$]zZ7gZ]'Zk§bŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÂøg}ÓxZi÷ᲊz¤/zƒV~˃YD÷X÷ÔŠZrÔfzti!*yÃôp™äzZá÷X¸ÔZDwÔZ/i!*yÃMÐ(,JäzZá÷'Z#ÃðZ7g}Zzg$]ZEw™@*ìÂ}}ZkZ0+Zi~Zq-ZvMYCìXZkÆìwÆ‚vVZzgäáZŠÃ]Ðßv7g~§bzZ�7ƒD
94 ZÏzzÐZ°ÅgzÐZ‹ZŸ]7™D÷XZ‹ZŸ]¸6,̃ñZzgZDw6,ÌXuzgäZ‹ZŸ]Åzz
Šg„ÒyÅìX¸ÅuJ-Zk~œZ‰ÜìXLLõ_èEL¯x¸óó~eZˆZ°ÝLg~»¸$©�î EG
0ÃìXZ,VäUzZ7g{ûgMæCc*ìZzgõzg}ÅZ$+e$ÐZïgHìX¸Å÷á²Z:i!*yÆ!*g}~eZËLg~
˜÷:%iZäZLŠ-Zy~õzg}ÅÈlÐZÒZ�ZiHì'%iZ
÷á²~ŠàÅ-Vc*~ÆÃaVÅ0*È7ÔÉMiZŠQgŠzi!*y ÅìXZ#%iZäZL‘:ìÑ]ÆañizVZÖpňlÅÂQgŠzÆfíÒZÖpùözŠ0*c*'%iZÆìÑ]ä
ZÖgÆapŠZÖp»g™aX'%iZ¸ä‰Zz‡] ZLg ¸Z°ÆÜsi!*yèìXZkÆ0¦aZd‹]Zz
Z©g~SSðäPoƒZzgëwZ‹ZnK÷p
44
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
zZ§tìāZ°y»{gYUìZzg÷á²~yÐMiZŠìXDZÁZ°»»x½k,Zzg’k,~¡aZ™**ìÔ¯x~®ÄaZ™**7XZka‰Zz‡]÷á²ÃZL_.!*]Æ
05 »ïZÖgÆa¶ŠÐMiZŠ~qÝ™**¢zg~ìXt!í�¸Æ´z{ZDwÆK~ÌŠg„ìXZDwä
tZñgZ3ÿXL 15 LL**ââkóóF,ZIzäXZzgtBïGLi!*y6,ZÝÈÃF,ߊ~Xi!*yÆZ‹ZŸ]»!*)¶Ô@*ëZDw6,Z3ÿXLi!*yÆZ‹ZŸ]Æø»]Zzg̸XZ3ÿXLi!*yº[ÆÜs—ãƒZzgâŠg~i!*yÆZŒg~2
ÔZkaZ3ÿXLº[ÅQgŠzÃ@sW¯gì¸XZ3ÿXLº[äZLŠÃq~ZDw»**x1ÂZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]»ŸÑzqƒŠHXŠ‹Zzg~QgŠzi!*yÆ%Zœ/¸X—ãZŒg(,~uJ-¡~åXgæZ£œj‰™r#DzŠZø
25 äZDwÅi!*yÐLLtóó»È‹ÂZyÅ${ðG
OgZC0Šgë',ëƒXñß~†Z/äg‚!LLQgŠzóóÆZDw�~LiCÙk,~Ô»Zq-*y>ZyLL¯ÄZDwÅi!*yóó÷áùHXZk*y~¯ÄZDw6,Z3ÿXLi!*yÆ8þLZ‹Zn»ŠÃqHŠHìXiCÙk,~»!í�tìāQgŠzZDwÅâŠg~i!*y7¶XZ,VäQgŠzjßV»œV~-ZzgZ¤/p_¬äZyÃi!*yZzgÒy6,"VwŠg]«
35 ÅpZkzzÐÃð¿Z¹Z3ÿXLi!*y»Šgz7Š}YXeZË©ZpäZL*yLLZDwZzgZ3ÿXLi!*yóó~Zkñçq6,»gMæ
gzÝeZàìX8iïELfs¿{mîg6,ÑëÂz÷:šµZDw²s¬x~Z3ÿXLi!*y71Z3ÿXLi!*yÐ(,|™¸X �
Z¤/(,~÷á²~Å´#Ö¡™s_~i!*yƒC¸ZzgZDwÅ �
(ŠZrZzg÷»**xi!*âV6,ƒ@*X!*]Z#Ä~)ZzgZŠ!ÑŃÏÂZ3ÿXLi!*yZzg)Z3ÿXLi!*yÅ �
54
Z3ÿXLi!*y
Ãð{7ƒÏXZÝtìāµŠZgÄ~ZÖg~i!*yzÒyÅñV»mË´ºc* �
zíÅÚÆ:LÐ7Ét!Š"Zzgi!*yÃzÝŠ¶Æ¿Ð0÷X
|tìāZDwÆ‚BZ3ÿXLi!*yä�|uHz{ZyÆZˆk �
²~Zzg_.!îE0Š»³åX§¯Z¶KÆÕ÷c*è~ZzgÜ°™V¾ÆŒV70*ðY'X �
E+Pz@*-MÆçA~ÂpŠŠ‹Zzg~ÆZ%Ã]‚tÅ!*'÷ZzgQZDwäL7¹āLLRì÷Z�Ûâc*ƒZXóóZ3ÿXLi!*y|Z]i!*yÆ�?ç
EEL"Y~2¸Zkaº[ÆÜs �
å$ŠgŠ„gì'z{ŠgZÝi!*yÅzÝÆ¿Ð**zZ�Zzg—・Dg¸XZ3ÿXLi!*ytU*"$™**eT¸āi!*yzÒyÅt™V¡ZkzzÐ �
‰āZDwŠ‹Zzg~ÆOñ(È^~YVaZƒñXqÑèÔ6āZDwäpŠU*"$HāÔZÍwÂtkH{7ZzgZ¤/kH{ìÌÂM\
45 Æà~Ìßv™D÷XMÏMð˜÷āZ#÷á²Åi!*y¬xââki!*yÐZƒYC
ìÂGgzZáZ3ÿXLi!*yŠxlŠƒ™ZÐZz6,~Zz6,~‚Ck™D÷XZk»Š/CÙ¦:�xzZà’k,Ã7,|™HYYìXM�ãÃ~¸!*]ìXt¦:ZzgŠZÈ:Z|[ZKã¯x»ÌƒÂZk~Zq-{mâzgZáaZƒYCìXZDwÆ;V̸Z0+ZiaZƒŠHXŠ‹Zzg~z){ÆLLZ3ÿXLi!*yóó|Z]äZDw6,ZÍwZÍw�Z‹ZŸ]KÔZků¸aïäzZàœZ¶X‰|Z]ÔZDwÆëzíÔZkÃ-8ZzgŠ‹zZßVƃ6,úw™D÷Ôp
64
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
55 tŠg„7XïYßO~Zzg;Z{y6,LÃðZk§b»Z‹Zn:ƒZXtŠg„ìāgzZî÷á²~ÆŠ−ZŠ{Z3ÿXLi!*yÆaZDwÅZAòÄõ M**ââk¶ZzgZkzzÐÌZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]ƒñÔptˆÅ!*]ìXZÍwZÍw�Z‹ZŸ]ƒñZy»:L—ã·yzƒåX¯ÄZDwЬZ3ÿXLº[Å
',0* QgŠzÔZ3ÿXLi!*yÆZ‹ZŸ]»@sµX3091YZzg4091YÆŠzgZy�ZŠ!cāƒZz{Z3ÿXLi!*yZzgZ3ÿXLº[ÆâÎåXâŠg~i!*y»iøZzgº[ÆÜsƒÔ
Ã�» Ác*ic*Š{Ôñ�Šg;ìXõzg{ZzgE+Pz@*-M‰Zñg~Z3ÿXLi!*yZ3ÿXLº[ŠgzŠ¶ÆaLMâŠ{7ƒñXZkÐZDwÃÌZ_54/õ
GIEWqÝ7XZ¤/Zq-Š‹~è™Zzg~~¸/$ìc*ËQ*ŠäŠzu}Z‚E+{Æ',ÜsZÐè™c*¸/$ÉŠc*ìÂZÐZBtHY@*ìpÔº!ƒäů6,ÔZDwÃtg¬e$7Š~ˆXÒZ°ÝÃgz¹˜÷:
ZDw»Ý7,"zZà¸xäZyò½]7g~ÔØt4~ZzgYâ7-7g~Æ',Z',ÌR:â**''M`Ìt¬Ýìā
Z¤/~M\ÐËÂÆ!*g}~�âùVÂM\eð&+eJ&+™Ë!w©~c*·ŠŠ~»ÄïwÑNÐXp;ÔgZ”Ô÷ZYZzg;ZDwHÔ÷á²ætÔœZÑ#ÖÔF,)È|‘Õä O)eZËu·ZDwgõZvm»Ä7™ä»${ð
GOgM\Æ
pZ[zìw~Ì:MñÇXOç@*�gÎM!*Š~ä(,}%"5é EOG:Z0+Zi~~**BMiZŠÃSÅāZDw(,}÷á²¢zg÷
pi!*yzÒyÆ!*[~R7YèZyÆŒVFZÝoX÷X}Z,Vä¸gÃ/$!*0+Jì:
™Š}ZÐZ[e0+ŸgzV~ÃÈ æ]ÐìMzZgÒZ#u%Z„Z¤/pi!*yÃZ÷7Š»Šgz(,}÷ᲄÐMìpHÕìāZq-
ÅßVwů6,ÂLLZXŠóóÂZBây1Yñp Z÷Zvt
74
Z3ÿXLi!*y
ZyÐDÙZgŠgz(,}÷á²ZDwäZ¤/LL¸góóÃ!í/$–ÂZ¹ßIZc*YñZzgZyÆ‚BZâÌ%z]:',CYñāZyÆ
65 ZEwÅãCŠ6,¸gÃZBt™1YñX�l'M!*Š~Æ;Vß!*ðƒúc*Vîg6,ªCÙƒZìXZ¹Z¤/
De$ìÂtāºçVäZDw»Š»J—Hì²-8zZßVä�lÃZLuzV6,7èc*XLLc*ŠzVÅ',Z]óó~g¶§Zi÷:
tìÑZĺ[ÅāZL1âVÃL(,}izgzVÔÐëZ™!*zy¦/Z¯ŠêìX÷}M!*ðoSî÷}ß"»ÔZkÆ',@Ôt¬Ýìāz{ZLZŠ'VZzg÷á²zVâðV6,è@*'ZzgZyÆú@*1VO@*gLì'Z#ZL„ß"ÆßvZkŠg©->î
EGXZzgZk…ÆSQ÷Â~ŒVÆZq-ŠzÃh~
Æ9}Z¶gLLâZñz‰ÜÔÔÅDe$H™zV:Šz2VÐëäz{œóZVñYy6,
75 ŠwÐÔŠÔÅ°Zz]»¯Ïî LY@*g;óó�läŠz2VZzgŠ7VÃß!*ðZ±gЄHìXïYßO~Ã
L1**óŒÛZgŠc*ìp¦»+ªCÙ™@*ìāçnïYßO~J-özŠ7ìXOçMÏMðÆ!í�ÐZ·t™**ÂìXß!*áÆK~ZDw»
$©�î EG0ó{�lÐZìXz©Z£&Š$+Z-ãä2291Y~–åāLLOñZkÆāº[Üß(~ZLM\ÃözŠ™,Ô¬àãtìā‚g}˜yÃ
85 ZCzíCD÷XóóZDwÅi!*y6,Z3ÿXLi!*yÆZ‹ZŸ]»Zq-(,Z:L’<å XLÝwÅ
÷á²~ÐZy»ÎîåXцZÔäß7–āŠ‹Ô~ÔM¤/{ZzgZzŠ|ÆÄZTh~ƒðA-VÃ',Z',a5YD¸XZDwäZkz‰Üi0+{÷á²~
–weZËYzh+ZDwLLz{ZDwÅ 95 ÑzqÅZ#!*¹çwÍ›à™gì¸X84
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
%iZZˆyZ£ä5291Y~–å 06 Šz§Z§Å÷á²~Ðââk:ƒDóóXāLL|Z]~ÃZ[J-7āŠ*»¥c¾§sÃìX(,}(,}zZu]óƒVЦ/g‰ÔÂx¬ÝŠgë',냊HÔ§‹ZKã»uQ«ŠHXpZÌ
&Š$+Z-ãäZq-ÂzÔÄZy‡ìHì: 16 J-ZyÃ8[Å#:BXóóMwZ£uzg˜÷āLLZDwä¹Ï 26 LLM[§]ÆŠzgq¢»”î0!Xóó
Zâ¿F,^zäʼnX¹Ð6Z7g}Zzg$]7K¸�»âVÃZb¥xƒñXZy»Œ‰óƒV~:!XÎg`å3zZу@*ì‰*g}¼Šk,J-MäzZàgzÝ»£™D÷Ô1“J-Ôðh~Šk,ƈz{
36 gÁƒYD÷Zzg‚gZ¬Ý!ŒÒüLZâZgƒY@*ìXóóDk~qàäX÷á²zVÆ!*g}~–ìāz{ŠzicýŠ,
Ðz{ZÏÇizZwÅ÷á²~ÆŠ−ZŠ{¸XZDw»!í�tìāBgz׃‚ip�ÛΊ{÷á²~ÆŠ−ZŠ{ÕŠÄZDw 46 KЧ]ìzg:%ÀŠzZxìX
ÅÑÔ°ªZzg¤‰Ü»Z0+Zi{:™nX†ZÓ´Mgz~ä–āLLZDwä†Z?x0+z~LL!*wèƒsóó 56 �çB½÷Zy~Ãð{m!*]Ã7MCXóó
ÅçßVÆK~˜÷āLLçwÅZq-{mi!*yì�3,xÔ"Ôè,ÔpÎZgZzgßj.ZgƒCìÔpZyçßVÅi!*yZyZz™sÐ!*Ç{àì'çw~�p}ÒyKYD÷Ôz{pŠÌ.e$"z**iuƒD÷ZzgeZË
†Z?x0+z~Æ´z{ 66 ™r#ÅtçBZknÆ"p}Ð{à÷Xóó‰Šzu}Z,„ÕŠzVÆ!*g}~ì·oä–ìāLLñƒx®ÄÔ!w4,Z•ZzgKãZˆk&Óå GOEfÆ6,*gzVÆtŒ“}ZDwÆgz—p
Æ!*)Ô Zðx@äÔZLºm$©�î EG0à 76 ZzggzbÏÃ:K»³÷Xóó
ZDwÃ@½Z‹Zn̯c*ìÔ@*ëZDwÅi!*y6,Z‹ZŸ]ÆK~ZyÅgZñ‡.ÞÂzìX˜÷:
94
Z3ÿXLi!*y
ZyÅxZ*y,Zq-…Zzg÷á²Ðic*Š{Zq-Zsò®Zzg›ygZÉÅwÐZk§bYˆāßÍVäZyÐ
Z%sÅÈZLZ0+g:0*ðXPÃgh™Z¤/Ëä¼¹ÌÂZk7aZzg&§jÐ�e0+6,{ueZ%Æ]Zt„0Y
ìÔW~ZkÆaÃð(7ò$ËXZDwÆŒVZŠ[Zzg¸Z‘åLi!*yZzgõzg{ÅtïÜÔZDwÅ$zg~c*Â�7ìÉZki!*yZzg±ÅÂ�ì�ZDwÅŠ*~Üsˆl™Æt
86 ìZzgZk¤‰ÜÃ7Š÷[�YVżk,$+w$ËìXZDwÅtBïGLi!*yÆK~Zº©g~ò~2Ÿ:ZzgæZd:’k,zV
é¬x6,Ññ÷XZDwäT§bi!*yÃ܇:îg6,ZEwHìÔZÐz{¹Á™0*ñ÷XŠg|ZyÆ&4øFG
ILÃW»6,Z**£gì@*ëZK»zl»
³7™Dƒñz{˜÷āXßÍVä¯ÄZDwÃZKW»¶K:¯c*åÔZyÆ**xZzgZyÅW,ßÍVÆZf;yÐZF,ˆ÷XZyWzVЯÄZDw6,ÃðZW,77,ZXZyÅà]~Ãð�Ût7Mc*XZyÅà‹¬xZzg’ñŠzZx»
96 t¬ÝìāÄZDwcîV~Íôg;ìZzgZy»**xúZxÅi!*âV6,ìXg<Z−+;×Æ%A$™Š{ùLLZDw¨÷á²óó~7VÍgÄ7g~Ô
Ø•!zZg~ZzgMÏMðÅ’k,,÷áï÷XeZË&Š@ÅÂ[LLZDwÅÃ~ziÄc*]óóZzg‡èDZ°Ý»ó£!LLÄc*‹ZDwóóâèŒÛd$~÷áùƒñ÷XÒZ°ÝÃgz¹»*yLLZDw»§CÂxóóZzgÍ8P**g8-»*yLLZDwÅ÷á²~»ß»CÂxóóÍ8P**g8-Æ%A$™Š{ùLLZDw»®óó~÷áï÷XtÜsPVB÷XZyÆ_¬Ð¥xƒ@*ìāX¸V~ZDwÅi!*yÃ@½Z‹Zn¯c*ŠHåÔZ4¸VÆ[ZzgÕŠÔ
gì÷X Z3ÿXLº[Ð(,|™ÔZDwÅ!i!*yZzg/ÑÆZuZgÃl™
05
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨ééééGGGG
GGGGGGGG]]]] jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙŸiZQgŠzÆŸiZŠd$Zzg—0*tô°¸XZÝzíŠ-È–gzgåXi0+Ï 1Xуg~¦/g~Xu¦Æ;c*CZzgZDwÐ÷}%Z̸X¦ZqÐiZ@*`QyÆŠzÑë�Ûi0+zV~ÐZq-¸X¦ŸiZ0681Y~aZƒñZzg5391Y~zÃ]0*ðX)'×h+,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwÅ¡èi!*yÔZº©g~ò~Ô,]15@*65(ñß~ŸiZÆ*y»ÄZyåLLQgŠzi!*y~º!óó'ZkÆ_¬Ð¥x 2X
ä ƒ@*ìāËäºçVÅi!*y6,Zq-MŠ|Z‹Zn7Hå6āZº©g~–ìX)Â[èÃgÔ™55(ÉZKi!*y6,õÆ!*)ÔZ3ÿXLi!*y|Z]À˜ÔºçVÅi!*y6,Nì™D¸XèÃg{*y»M¸iZyÓVЃ@*ì:
¹ÐNuZIzíZk!*]ÅI{~gT÷āZ3ÿXLº[Å’k,zV~™Vñ,Zzg˜VZyÃÃðZ(Â;BMŠHT~è™Å(/$c*¸/$Å(è™ZEwHŠHƒc*Ãðßõzg{ZyÅ’k,zV~ïŠHÂz{¹„plƒD÷'øg}Z,Íu¸ÇV»t§$þGL¿¹Z‹ZnƇ.ÞìóóX)Â[èÃgÔ™28(
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔŸiZ»*y>ZyLLZ+A.èEEELF,¹QgŠzóó˜!LLZDwÅtBïGLi!*yóó' 3X
,]88@*09Xt*yJ�y3091YÃ÷áùƒZXZk*y~¦ŸiZä?m,7ÅāZ³F,¹QgŠz»œg£xуgŒÛZg0***ecXŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔŸiZ»*yLLQgŠzº[~óó˜!LLZDwÅ¡èi!*yóóÔ,]19@* 4X5X79Ôt*yJ�Ñð3091YÃ÷áùƒZXZDwÅ¡èi!*yÔ,]89@*401Ô61 6X7X
.gç~ä–ìā:LLz{cāMgZð~i:©~ì�º[ZzgZ¥/|ÆŠgxyƒðXZkÅZÌ-VÌìāZq-§s‘ÕäO)ZDwŠzu~§sñÑ**‹]ñ;ã!aèŠzâV),gv¡¾æ E
L™ÔÆqïZka:Â!*]ic*Š{(,S
15
Z3ÿXLi!*y
˜! Zzg:ZŠ[zÑZÄÅRФ/~Xóó')‘Õä O)ZDwZzgg‚!QgŠzñ!›Ðö NOW}.ZjÑ$k,~Ôm9991YÔ™92('×h+˜÷āLLZq-(,}÷á²»»xCÙ
Zzg$zg~ÐÞZƒ**ecÔZk&½0î EG0Ã)?(Ð',¯ñípZ„Z‹ZŸ]K {ò‰Xóó)ZsÔ™85(Zk~—7ā‹]»_./ípZ„»åXÉ‹]zZDwLL(<ÓÁõ
GXóóZzgLLcāMgZðóóÅRЗgìqÑèA$ŠzâVLL),gvóó7Ô@*ëèÃg{cāMgZðº[ZzgZ¥/|J-özŠ7¶XZ3ÿXLi!*yZzgZ3ÿXLº[ÆâζXZ3ÿXLi!*yÃZq-Šzu}6,ÌZ‹ZŸ]™äŬŠ]¶ZzgZ3ÿXLº[ÅQgŠz6,z{¬ÐNì™gì¸XZ3ÿXLº[»gœè¿ZÏNìÆÜsåXtp}Zº©g~ò~äZKÂ[LLZDwÅ¡èi!*yóó~÷áïK÷X 8XQgŠzÆZŠ!cÆÔ,]034@*534 9X01i0+{¥zŠÔ™69 11X~**BMiZŠä–ìā:LLWgŠóóÆ**xÐZDwÆZÃg6,Z‹ZŸ] 21X‹]ñ;ãäK¸X)ZD1]X2u~ôÔ2891YÔ™032(ZkЬZº©g~ò~äÔ7g}zNtÆ‚BÔZÏ!í�»ZÖgHåXZL*yLLZDw»Ã›i!*yóó~–ā:Z#ZDwÅÄLLd»æ[hwÏÐóóZ¶gZ]zg‚b~÷áùƒðZzg‹]ñ;ãÅÃЦ/g~ÂZ,VäZDwÅi!*y6,ZDwÆZkZ´yÆ!*z�ŠC
:tŠàÅQgŠzì:t$ðFNg[Å1àìi!*V÷~ìZ}ZDw1àŠgŠqzVÅ
Z‹ZçVÅ1YhÑzq™Š~Zzg!*g!*gëgìāLLZDwQgŠzÃQyq~Ðf%™gì÷Xóó)ZD1]X1Ô1891Y,]34X44(Zº©g~»£!LLZDwÅi!*y6,Zq-ZŠ!cāóó4991Y~Ôøg~i!*yÔ)5Š‹(~mzZg÷áùƒZXZÏ‚wLL—óó)уg(ZÆ',ÔŠcÆÑg}~t7gZ£!÷áùƒZXZk£á~ñßs˜÷:LLËäLW^gŠóÆ**xÐLQgŠzi!*yº[~óÆÄZyÐZq-cāMgZ*y–XóóMÐ^™˜÷:LLøg~gZñ~"3©5å GEGGLgŠÍgÄ7gÆœ',ë÷XóóZDwÅ¡èi!*y8991Y~÷áùƒðXZk~Zº©g~
ò~Ô7g}zNtÆ‚BÔ˜÷ā:LLœ†ZÆ*k',ëäLWgŠóÆ�Ûè**xÐZDwÅi!*yÆÜsZq-cāMgZ*yLQgŠzi!*yº[~ó
25
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ÆÄZyÐ÷áùHX)™61(Zº©g~äZLâ~.ŶKyŠ„:¬Å¶:Z[ÅìXLWgŠó‹]ñ;ã»�Ûè**x¾qw7ìXèÃg{*yÅZ0+gzãÞŠ]ZkÅ@*G7™CX´z{Zi,ZkcÆ~‹]ñ;ãäZLZ-**xÐz1ìX)'×h+Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:ZDw»Z’Zð¯xÔ™301(Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwÅtBïGLi!*yÔ,])!*nKM(401Ô501X901Ô131X441ÔZDw» 31@*51X*yLL£Ñ]ZDwóó~Ì÷áïìX§‹ZDwÅË”{š/c*VÔ·†ZvŒÛ7Ô™75 61XeZËŠHyPä¦2+k,*i~ÆjZáÐZk!©‹˜õ
GzZàçw»‚w6981YŒÛZg 71X
Šc*ìXtçw¹�gƒðX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZ’Zð¯xZDwÔ™93(LLZDwÆðÂóóZiì·oÔ!LLZDw¨÷á²óóÔ%û6,zWg<Z−+;×Ô 81X
™741ZDwP6It#Ô™41 91XçnÈ~ÔzqÍðZzggŠ¦s~i!*yzÒy»¾wŠ3**Â7ìX 02XŠ´ÔÕãÔ‘:ZzgçÙZ°gZzg�ÛŠzI6,FF%1oZzgMù„ÃÄ~®Æ‚‘~eJwŠbzZªZÚiìXZsò„Å6Z0+ZiŸ„«ÄLLCYZ¥/|»ÒÆ**xóóìXZkÆZ’ZðQ)Z’Zð¯xZDwÔeZËŠHyPÔ™213(~ZzgF,¹c*CLL!*8-ŠgZóó)™911(ÆQ~¹�ÛtìXZkÐZDwÅ5§iÅ„~÷á²~Å/)]»Z0+Zi{HYYìXZDwZkÂС~Ä~Z¦ZŠZzgLLxƒÀö
YóóŠzâVÆ.Þ1D6,Ç{',MƒñZzg®Ã7Ò®¯c*X
ZkÆ!*z�ŠZ‹ZŸ]Yg~gìX@*ëˆ~Z3ÿXLi!*y~Љ™xy 12XäZDwÆ„z®Ãi',Š„yZ`d7HZzg2¤Æ£«~ZDwÅ×e$Ñzq™Š~XZDwÅ¡èi!*yÔ™71 22X32XZs,]81Ô75 42X52X®Ò5éGL‹kKMèZDwÔ%"0î GOE¡@',ãÔ¢ZzwÔ™775X',ãäâ»@Ì 62X÷áùHìXè¹ZDwÔ%"0î GOEg<Z−+;×ÔÔ,]331D431 72X82XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ‘ÕäO)ZDwÆF,Z:Å÷áy4,zwÔ!LLZzgZtËXóó%"0î GOEg°j÷á�Ô 92X
35
Z3ÿXLi!*y
ñ;ã ,]413@*123X·/ƉÒ**]ûÃ÷X}z{˜÷āLLñÑ**‹]ÅZk°!ä-8Zzgº[ÆZŠ'V~Zq-îsc»ŠgzZi{ÅwŠc*XQgŠzñ!›Ðö NOWZzg&y~õf‡ìƒñXp[Í!!*g~ƒðX]yÆcÆ7,}óóXŠg|èÃg{ZŠ!cāZzZb3091YÐYg~åXLLøgZŠöóó6,cÆ‚BZ!x5+k,ƒŠHXZ’Zð¯xZDwÔ™062 03XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL¸òi0+Ïóó)!LL&yóóZÆ',4091YÔâga5091Y(6,¬g°â^XZº©g~ 13X
äZk»@÷áùHìX)ZDwÅ¡èi!*yÔ™053(LZDw»Ã›i!*yó˜!LLZD1]óóÑg{1Ôm1891YÔuE'™45 23XZDwÆp}ÔèoZzgÒ**]z){Æ!3ðGNyÅ${-
÷G
G»»xZDwZOòÔ‘ÕäO)ZDwZz6-Eg;Ô™Zc-Eg;ZzgŠzu}ZŠZgzVÅÂz»�ìX
(LL.8-ìwóóÑg{m4391YÔ™785 ii (ZDwÅ¡èi!*yÔ™94) i Š&ÀŸ/õ GG) 33XZDwÅ¡èi!*yÔ™33 43XÂÒ‹ZDwÔg<Z−+;×Ô…3üELZÍwÔ,]301Ô501 53XZDwÅtBïGLi!*yÔ™23 63XZDwÅ{xVÔ7791YÔ,]4X5Ô2Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ‚Ü)ÔuzlÔуgÔ1391YÔ™321 73XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLuzlóóуgÔ1391YÔ™321 83XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDwŠ#ÔZq-_·óó!*[Xgx 93XZº©g~ä4991Y~–åāZkÂ[6,LL~M`À»x™g;ƒVXóó' 04X)LL—óóуgXZÆ',Šc4991YÔ™31(Zy»ZgZŠ{èÃg{Â[Ã÷áù™ä»ÌåX)ZDwÅ¡èi!*yÔ™14(LLZDw»÷á²Z:izZwóóÆ!*g}~Zº©g~Åtpl.ûÃìā:LLtIoƒìāÍdä¯xZDwÅ{xVìZ&bzzzZ&bëwZzgæÉÿ O
cZt~Šg`Å÷X)ZDwÅ¡èi!*y™14(tÌ–ìāLLº[ÆZq-Ÿi¬ÝÔ÷á²Ô[Zzg**Š¦',•Z÷á{kÍdä'óó)Zs™93(ZkæbuZðÃZº©g~Æ�Û‘zZg_.!*]»MsŠZgIecX|tìā
Íd»cZt:ëwìZzg:z{Ÿi¬Ýz[åX÷á²Ì-4‚åXÍdÆ;VWCd$0ˆìZzgÄZDw6,ÎZ&²Š~÷z{9**³÷X
45
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ÍdZq-†ã�Û‘6,„åXZº©g~ÃÌr7,ZìāLLÍdÆŸ~™$0*ðYCìXóó)ZsÔ™14(™$ZzgëwcZt„Š!*'÷XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwÅtBïGLi!*yÔ,]382X482X582 14XZDÁ»ïÔ,]842@*352 24X34XZm]zÔÔ™75 44X²ÃÈZDwÔ™07 54XF,¹I’q-ÅÛœ~Ô,]85X95 64XLLÑZ[@óó%"0î GOE¾wZ£gç~Ô™261 74XÍ8P**g8-˜÷ā:LLt${ð
GOg„7HYYåā�lZkŠg¢gzZ"ìGGL0*gÜ 84X
0YNÐXóó)�l'M!*Š~XW~Y,{Ô™29(²ÃyZDwÔ™17 94Xõ_èEL¯Ä¸Ô,]41X51 05XZDwZL¯[¯x¦Ñy0+z~!ígQ3ZÆ',8191Y~˜÷ā:LL‰ 15XìÑ]iâUqwÆ‘:$©�î EG
0û³÷XZyÆZŠZ™äÆaŠ*ÃgÏZ|ƒÒyÐæŠ7QX‰@*W,Z]ÆZÖgÆaZÖp;B7MDXZkzZW6gUF,IZºZq™ã7,Cì�¢zg~ìāZ3ÿXLi!*yÃ**ÍZgƒāŠwzŠârZkÐââk7÷Xóó)à]kKMZDwÔ¢ZÍwÔ™347(ZϧbñÑ**¤/ZòÆ**xZL¯[!ígQ12ZÆ',3291Y~ZDw˜÷:LLM\ÅF,çÐi!*yÆZ±gÐĹ_ZƒŠHì1Z\kìāZkÐz{
ȪCÙ7ƒ@*�~ZŠZ™**eLƒV'®ZpÆZ±gÐ~ZL„iÃF,ߊêƒVXóó')à‹k"3ïGGELZDwÔ¢ŠzxÔ™184(gæZ£œj˜÷:LL»&Ò©û GOEEÍ™~<ÍZQV'Z¥/|~º!&Ò©û GOEEÐ 25XMÙƒ[åpf‚~¥x7ÔYVt!*]W¶āeZËZDwZk§bÅmzg-VÐ!k54/õ
GIEWƒVÐ'p~HCîVāZK¬Ð¯ðƒð0Ã-VŠgë',ëƒDŠN™í6,�ZW,TŠgzƒ**ecåz{:ƒZX%jx¼ZkZ0+ZiÐAZzgZ[~tCk™@*ƒVāpŠZyÆ&Ò©û GOEE~¼Z(ïmZzgZy
Æ;B5ä~z{.Zzg**‡.ÞÒy%z]z%ضā~ƒ¼ÈwŠHXZ(¥xƒZāZDwZ,:ƒD¼:ƒ@*Ô‰Zq-*Š/(,ZZYŠ/qÝ
55
Z3ÿXLi!*y
ƒZXóó)m;ñ¤/ZútÔ™671(ŠZ**ñgZiXZDwXTŠzxÔ7791YÔZDw�g‚!QgŠz!*"$ZÆ',8391YÔ,] 35X683X783LLZDwZzgZ3ÿXLi!*yóó'!LL
&B¨ÿE
LZDwóó')ù·p}Ô8791Y(uEÔ 45X,]511@*621¯ÄZDw»"Ñv‹tÔ,]601@*901 55XZm]zÔÔ™15 65Xc*ŠzVÅ',Z]Ô™827 75X×èZDw§‹ZDw~Ô%"0î GOEeZËd�ÛZ¹Ô™38 85X
¡¾æE
LZDwÔ™85 95Xi0+{¥zŠÔ™961 06X$¨å EGLZDw§‹ZDw~Ô,]96Ô38 16X26X²ÃÈZDwÔ™86 36XZDwë÷: 46X
Bgz׃ÂìίK‘4èGEL§]ƒ:gz×ÔÂK%ÀŠzZxZ}‚¹!
)!*ÁƒsÔ™71(ZDwÅ÷á²~Ô™041 56XZDw»ïÔ,]341X441 66XgæZ£œjäZL*yLL÷ᲃ**Hpg‚rìóó)˜!LLçZVóó(~**x.ŠLL.e$"z**iuóóp}»Zq©HìXZkÐZyp}Zzg’<å XLÝwÅ÷á²~ŠzâV»7w•ìXZDw¨÷á²Ô%"0î GOEg<Z−+;×Ô,]051X151 76XgzZe$ZzgŒz]Ô™57 86XZDwÅ¡èi!*yÔ²n%A$ 96X
/'/'/
65
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ŠzuZ!*[
gzZîQ${ðGOsÆqò
ZDw»¡~ZzgM!*ð~yzu]Zß�ŠÅ§så�–wZDw-g8�Æ_¬Ðic*Š{~ƒŠHåXŒÛMy6,D+',™äZzg@*g+÷ GELZsx»Ng_·™ä»³tƒZāZDwzu]Zß�ŠÐ$+óƒ‰ZzgZЛâVÆ
LL¡Òiªî EE0Yóó6,ïÆŠzgZyZ¹«%ûzu]Zß�ŠÅ 1 izZw»:LKÑXÅÔ»gDy (SELF) zu]Zß�ŠÐZLLLz�Šóóc*LLpŠóó 2 œZ‰Ü6,—ƒZX
aZƒ@*ìZzgZkÔ»³§ŠZzg"iÅ~À_ìXLLZuZgpŠ~óó÷áùƒðÂgzZîQ${ð
GOsÆqñVäZDwÆÜs
6,J Nu)',0*™Šc*XZkżŠz�{‰XŠâd~ZDwäzu]Zß�ŠWŶXZyÆ4,Šq-Ôf!Z¨~ÔZsò’q-i',Š„�Ä¿¶p
Z0²!äŒÛMyÅ‚Zk§bèāzu]Zß�ŠÃZsòÇ»b¯Šc*XZk,ZãÄZäZkZÅ‚~ŠwÃMâ›{¯c*Zzg@zÕNM�ÛŠVÐúZxÃOW,
ZDwäzu]Zß�ŠÅ 3 HZzgŒÛã'ÓxZsòZZxÃfz¾¿Ðøzx™Šc*X#¿ÅÂzu]Zß�ŠÆqñVäZDwÅ#¿Ñzq™Š~XŠâd~ZDwä–ìāf!Sù6,g&ëEYL¿¸åOçgCgC#^ªî E0f[zu]Zß�Š
ÆìàXÆZW,ÐMiZŠƒ‰XZk°pů6,ZDwÃf[iŠÏ»£Šc*ŠHXLLZuZ§pŠ~óó~ZDwäZ#îyZzgqƒ6,”h+WÅXZ#îyÃLgZ4ï XELZÍwóZzgLÍ^©5å EELŠ*ó¹ÔZkÆL${ð
GO§ZÈyó6,¤/ÄÅZzgZÐL!5¾æ NEu%î0ñ�ŠóŒÛZg
qƒèZi~Æ!*g}~–: 4 Šc*X75
YêZii8çXLZVuâtŠZg ƒâgZiq¢ûEEL4}gMVZâÄ$ÒïGL"egÇV MV¢©->î
EGGXIópZgÇV
‚•çELZz‡&ÿELZwZg–
&B¨ÿE
LZzŠgp§Z',Zg–"*iZi&B¨ÿ
ELqƒ¦/g
ZØgZiÍAZVZØgZyZÃgÉq¢ûEÆ!*g}~ZDwÆŠzu}ZÃgÜ™Æ
ZÅÞZ‡g~ä–āLL#5ÃZ#îyÅÚÁÔppZzqƒÅ!*"$ic*Š{5 5wìYèz{Üs÷ᲄ7ÉZq-lk),gvÌtKYD÷Xóó
zu]Zß�ŠÔZ#îyZzgqƒÅ#¿Æ!*)2¤ä¸ìwHāZDwOçZDwÆÜsu)ÑzqƒZÂZDw¼Š 6 ß°’q-ÃS**eT÷X
Z‹ZŸ]»¶K:¶XuZZâxÆ**xZO[6,NìƒðÔpŠ~Ã�Ûú+MŒÛZgŠc*ŠHZzgLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÃŒÛMyÐZāZsCc*ŠHXqƒÅ×e$ZzgZDwÅ#¿~šc*VèIZzgZ#îy6,WÃ@½W¯c*ŠHXpZzŒÂòäÔ�ZDwÆŠz„Ôš~Ã0*õz�{ů6,**ëwŒÛZgŠ}Šc*X
Ý»Z%sŠz2VÃ!*W.Þ9Z™ŠêìXpZzŒÂòMwZ&+c*ß°»Ð÷ƾwóR,~¸XZDwZzgŒÂòÅŠk,ÜŠz4¶X¦sZzgpZzqƒ»çnN4,Zq»:L¯Â#Ö:õfÆu',Z{pZzŒÂò¸Xc¶î0ZuZ§pŠ~F',kYg~g;Xu)�ÛzƒäÆÌÔQ¦sÆqñVŧsÐÔLL2Ÿ:MzZiZÀg„XŒÂòZk¦sÆqò¸�F,uŠ*ŽŠêìXZDwZsòZzg)Zsò¦s~�ÛtzZqÐiƇb¸Zzgz�Š~zgGã¦sÃ)ZsòB¸XtZ%pÎZgª]»!*)
7 ìāgGã¦sÆK~ŒÂò!*ÆHy‘Õä O)ZDwÐ5ƒ‰XLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÆÜsZzg×e$~¼Š™xyäZLZL»
85
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
izgŠ3c*X#¿~ª*yfz¹÷á{ä–�ŒÂòÆ%h+¸X�Z[ŒÂò™8ïEL§iZ¶K6,ŠZi 8 ~LL±héIOsóóÆ�Ûè**xÐZq-*y÷áùƒZX
¸XZ[z{pŠyZy~ZF,}ZzgLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÆÜsrÑzqHXŠzâV§sЙxÈDZzgZ3ÿXL¯äZkcÆ~z1X‘Õä O)ZDwä̼Šp}É™ZL$©�î EG
0ÃÅzŸs#ÅZzgZ‹ZŸ]Æ�Z[ŠbXLLZuZ§pŠ~óóeJð&',kÆŠzgZyÔLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÅ 9 ÆÂhÆaŠzšc*VÌèIX
#¿Zzg×e$~pVp}÷áùƒñXMy»gZºZ!M!*Š~ÅæZìZzgLLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,�#Ö:Zzg2Ÿ:p} 01 U*æÆ!*)tcāZ!x5+k,ƒZX
11 ÷áùƒñÔZy~‰Zët¸X1Xš~ZDwÔ''·fz¹÷á{ÔLL¿óóŠ‹Ô03âÞ5191Y2X±héIO½pŠ~Ô''pZzŒÂòLLzVóóZ%<Ô92Šc5191Y3XeZË™r#Å$zgc*VÔ›#z8ÔuZ`ZѶgÔŠ‹Ô42†g~6191Y4XaçLOZuZ§pŠ~Ô'pZzŒÂòÔ¿ÔŠ‹Ô03†g~6191Y5XZuZ§pŠ~ÔŠ-ZÈqƒÔā@ŠzZðÔiŒZgÔуgÔ32âga6191Y¦·fz¹»Zq-Zzg*yLLpŠ~ZzggG+MóóÆÄZyÐ÷áùƒZX
Z¶gzV~¦sÆÄZyÐFp}|X¼ŠŠzu}Z¶gZ]~Ì21 ZkeÆp}÷áùƒñX
‘Õä O)ZDwÅ×e$~±héIOsÔñß~úŠZÔuZ`Z−+Z£0*wZzgEast and West eZˆZ°ÝLg~äp}‘XeZËLg~»izgŠZg*y
ñÑ**;Z{yÔqŠZvqŠ~Ô 31 ~÷áùƒZTÅÍô-g\ZzgZ%M~”ˆXñß~Z³Š+ZzgË™r#äLLZq-›yóóÆ**xБÕä O)ZDw»ŠÃqHX)Y+$ŠZgZI~ZºZÈîWM!*Š~Ô÷á{·Ñy]Zg~Ôqƒ·ZÅÞZ`7g~ZzgZŠd$Z}M!*Š~÷áï¸XZÅÞZ`7g~äZ¤/pZDw6,ÌWÅÔ@*ë
95
gzZîQ${ðGOsÆqò
ZŠd$Z}M!*Š~ 41 qƒZzg¦sÆeÆZ‹ZŸ]ÔñW,îg6,Ôgœ™ŠbX)Z}M!*Š~Ð%ZŠìLLZPMM!*Š~óó(äZ¶K6,ŠZi~Æ�CÙŠ3ñZzg§@»
51 ½7gñZi:7H@*ëZyÅWÔ}}Ô)áZiyƒìXZuZ§pŠ~ÆÜs舚-VÅ®ZŠegìXŠzZÏNuóÆ
ŠzgZyèIXƒÐ¬gZ¯"pŠ~Æ**xÐciZŠ{¡Z£äZq-š~èT~–w·†ZvŒÛ7ÔZÝcÃÃZ0+Zi™ÆÜsZ#îyZzgqƒÅæbuZðňZzgeZËZDwÅfZ]6,**gzZçK‰XZDwÃÆwZzgy
qƒ·ZÅÞZ‡g~ 61 ¹ZzgŠ\.èI
ELZsxZzggDÙÈZZy‰æ!*]Ðc*ŠHXZkš~6,û{™Dƒñ˜÷:
ciZŠ{™r#ÆZyZZwÃZ#ß5:DZzg8jèELóÅöZy71 ~ëÂs÷ÂZyÅZo.e$ª]Z0¥xƒCìX
o·ò~‡Šg~)aZgÔy(ägKÏš~èT~qƒ»°²ā¦/gYäÆZuZ§pŠ~ÆÜs 81 Å°pZzgZDwÅè#Ö¶X
ŠzZzgšc*VèIXeZË‚]ZâgÅš~LLuz›6Š~óóÆ**xÐ4591Y~Z¥/|Ð÷áùƒðXeZËñßs{àQåVZzg§ŠZ]»Dgƒ‰÷Xz{
‘Õä O)ZDwÐZ%sÌ™D÷pZ¹Z+!*'Ìr7,YC÷�¡¾æE
LZDwZkeÅMy~š~eZËpZz¥Z−+Õä 91 Ð_“gBb÷X
LLuZÑuZgóóÆ**xÐè�2691Y~™ZcÐ÷áùƒðXLLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óóÆz!*[~Zk»-Y,{7HŠHìX
qƒ·ZÅÞZ‡g~äZL*y~Zq-g‚á»f™ÌHì�œ9ziZ−+&ZðäLL—yZØóóÆ**xÐ÷áùHXqƒñßs˜÷āÄqƒÅ�æbœ&ZðäÅìz{÷á²~Zzgß5:gñiÆÒpÐÅìZzgZÐeZËZDwÔœ™r#Ð4B÷XZÅÞZ‡g~'×h+˜
06
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
÷āLZuZ§pŠ~ó~pZzqƒÆXZÃgŧs—ìÔZyÆ�"ç㜙r#äÒyKZzg��ß5:ï]ZyÐïá÷z{CÙ÷á²ÆCÙÄ
02 ÐïáYMh÷X2
œ@*`Z−+X»f™q‡+Zzg¤]yà]Æik,ÄZyMÒ{ZzgZtÆœg¸ZzgÂ#ÖÔ 12 LLZŠZg{¬DëŠtñуgóó ~Mg;ìÔZL„‡ì™Š{
ÆZ@ÆZÆ4Š¶Xœ@*`Å×e$Zzg‘Õä O)ZDwÅ#¿~�g‚á÷áùKYDÔZy6,%A$ÅwÐÆZ»**xŠgƒ@*åXªg‚!LL"$Œ
Rô,]ÆZk 22 czs/˜›KÔñZiUZDwz@*`óóÆÄZyÐ÷áùƒZXÂa~-VÂZDwÆÜs¹¼–ŠHìZzgi!*yÌΪ:ZEwÅìÔ@*ëZk£x6,ZyZñgÐsÃ#Å©ïEGLZDwÆZq-øu_."»f™°ŠìXèÃg{Âa~Zq-ÄZy‡ìHŠHìLLfñ™ZxZzgß5ñ«JxÅ÷áy~eZËZDwÅ$+i!*ãóó'ZkÄZyÆ�Ô¯ÄZDwÐÔŠzÎÆŒÛd$ZÃg¦K‰÷XÃðZq-ÄÌZ(7ìT~ˬÝc*ß°»**xMc*ƒX‘Õä O)ZDwgzZî¦sÅ{ñVÃik,cÑñ÷ZzgÑ#¿7ÉZ&bìXZDwäŠzu}4]ÃÌW»¶K:Z&bÅ{§¯c*ìXZDwZ,ßÍVÃß5ñ«Jx7â…X»¦s§ŠZzggæg~»DgƒZzgwx
ÆŠgŠÐÑmƒX�Z£uy~ŧb‘Õä O)ZDwÅWä¦sÅZ&b~Z뙊ZgZŠZHìXß°ôZ[9ZDwÐZgZŠ]q~»ZÖg™D÷@*ë2Ÿ:MzZi,ÌZÀg÷X3891Y~Zq-ß°zñß~ä',i+¯geÐLLWZ]èZMZg',Ãc*‹ZDwóóÆ**xÐZq-g‚!ZDwÆÜs:}Å~÷áùHXZy»(,ZZ‹ZntìāZDwäZsxÆß5zfÅè#ÖÅìXZkg‚á»Y,{LLc¶î0ZuZgèpŠ~óó)ƒQ(~÷áïìX
16
gzZîQ${ðGOsÆqò
37891YÆ-xMiZŠ~Æñî6,**gz}~}0*ÎEVäeZËYzh+ZDw
ZzguŠZg†ZéxÃ**gz}æúHXñßsA$MiZŠòÆœg¸XZ,VäÔ<LÅ0*È~:™äÆ!*)Ô‘Õä O)ZDwÃ$+ZqwŒÛZgŠc*XZ,Vä¹āZkzzÐZv¬\ä¯ÄZDwÐ@Ze$»ZW,t™1ìZzgtā�eZË»¯x
32 7,ñÇÔeZ{ƒÇX31Šc7891YÃLZ-Zyz‰ÜÔ~h]**gz}Åze-™Š3ðˆZzgZŒ
Å gziÑ»Æ@*W,Z]÷áùK‰XñÑ**†Zyg{y*i~ä¹āuŠZg†ZéxCÙi{uZðZDwƯxZzg,аÄzZ/Zzg˜ªìXii+Z}p~ä¹ā0*ÎyÅÓ#ÖZzgúZxÃuŠZg†ZéxŽk,zVZzgu¤/ñV»ñÐâF¢8ecXêŸiZ£{yä?m,7ÅāMÒ{ËYI¿ÃoÐ!*CÙYäÅZYi]7Š´ecXÑ»ät_cÌHā!**È0*ÎyÆÜsiCÙZ]ã™äzZßV»õ'HYñX
uŠZg†Zéx{yÆ(Ïw¶VäÌJgœ¿ªCÙHXuŠZgZ',Z�ÎyúŠäZy6, 42 äZ¹)BzíŒÛZgŠc*ZzgZyÆõd/õE»_cHX
’q-MiZŠ~Ãvyàä»Z²Zx¬Z+HÔZ¹pŠ‚�W@Cc*ZzgZy6,l)gZg¾ ÆZÝpgæäÌZq-Òy~¹āuŠZg¶xÆ 52 `ä»_cHX
Æ †Zvgg~ä‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜsuŠZg†Zéx 62 ’q-MiZŠ~6,ú÷X0*Îy›>ÆÃgzgešuÆ 72 Ò**]ÃÎZÑZò‚il»zŒÛZgŠc*X
82 œgä̹ā‘Õä O)ZDwÅ÷áy~øq…rîã‚il»zìXuŠZg†Zéx{y:YIZzg:Zy~r#ZßmŶ¶XZDwÆ
!*g}~Zy»gztËÎZÑZò‚il»zÌ:åXz{‡ugZ{ú¸Zzg:MiZŠ~Æ#³XMiZŠ„òÆK~uŠZg†Zéx»™ŠZgšµZëìX
26
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ZÝ!*]tìāz{e�Û}zZác™r#Æ%h+¸XZÏZgZŠ]q~Æ!*)uŠZgPÅ÷áŠ~c™r#Å™ñZŠ~ЃðXZLZL¦sÆòV~%h+�¼FggT÷ZÐ9${ð
GOg™D÷XŠ´$©�î EG
0ÃÐYõ6,ÄÅ¢zg]Ck7™DXŠ+ÌZyÆ4,Šq-z„ƒ@*ì�%”Òy™@*ìX%”ÅMgZ%h+zVÆŠwZzgŠâr6,îƒYC÷X)Zsò¦sÅZq-úc*VS¤tìāZk~gÎw廊gz}.ZÐZzg%”»ŠgzgÎwåÐ(,|Y@*ìXÍc*%”}.ZZzggÎwåŠzâVЗF,ƒY@*ìXZk|ÐuŠZg†Zéx
~ 92 MÙ÷XOçZLŸzZg*yLLh‹**gz}ÔiƒZzg|óó˜÷:
¬gVƯx~Zk!*]»¶KyÌMìāZknÆßÍV6,Zq-özŠz‰ÜZ(M@*ìZ#z{gzqã%”zVă¼K
”÷XZkÉZI¦sÆ;Vt[7ŒY@*XptÌ¥xìāz{Zq-¬g蜃@*ìÔTЦ/g**¾qw¢zg~ƒ@*ìXZkÐò™Q}.ZZzggÎw-ZvmzÅÆ‚Bƒ'~Л™äZzg—gåÅZ¤®)zZnq™äÅ
03 2wì�ZÝ°ŠìXZ+gZ{6,½»H�Ziì�zzîg„6,7ÔZvZzggÎwåÐÂzU
Š}Xt!*]‡.ÞgìāZkŠzgZyZ¤/Ãð¯]ƒYñª#ÖÆgziZk»Z�xHƒÇ?<LÅ0*È~:™äÐÃð›yZsxÆŠZ],}Ð{g`
7ƒY@*pZvZzggÎwåÃÃZ0+Zi™ÆËZzgÃLLƒ¼óóKÐZZys#Ö7g{YX
uŠZg†ZéxäLLh‹**gz}Ô7Òû ELƒZzg|óó~�LL|ÒãóóÅÔZkÐ7Òû ELƒ~ZŸ†ƒZXVwÆîg6,Zk!*]ÅzŸs#7™D
36
gzZîQ${ðGOsÆqò
ƒñāLL�ZDwÃ7,ñÇÔeZ{ƒÇóóXŒÛMyœÅZkMe$»jZ!Šc*ìT~¹ŠHìāLLZvŒÛMyÆfg)¹ÎVÃeZ{™@*ìZzg¹ÎVÃ@Ze$ŠêìXóóZzgZkÆ–ì:LL~ä¹åāZ#ŒÛMy™*»tqwìÂ
t7Òû ELƒìÔZkaāāZk 13 ‘Õä O)%jxƯxÃH¯EqÝìXóóŠ?ÅgzÐŒÛMyÃÌ77,−ecXŒÛMÈœ6,ÔZ3ÿXLZsxÆ4,Šq-Ô
ËƯxÃEqÝ7ìÔ®Z¼Ì77,−ecXZ+!*'±§kH{Ã$+F,ZikH{¯Šî÷X
4444Zkƈ 23 uŠZg†Zéxä‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜseg½k,,XX
Zy»mzZg*y÷áùƒZXZDw6,ZyÆZ²Zâ]»�Z[¼Š™xyäŠc*XmzZgp}™zZßV~eZË·-ŠÍgZtÔ**ÜZ−+**ÜÔgZ**ZÚiZ£{y
ZÐZŠ~p}Ì‘‰XxlZzgšZ°Ý÷áò 33 ZzgeZË¡@o÷áï¸XZkЬâZñz‰ÜäŠzZŠZgb 43 äÔZL»>V~uŠZg†ZéxÅàX
Šzu}ZŠZgb~_cHŠHLLāuŠZg¶xÃ$ÒïGLZsð0*Îy 53 ‘¸XÆ_.!*]zZˆ‚]Ã_Å?”7SecXóóZâÎŽâ]
Zzgt_cizgñäÎā 63 ~ÌuŠZgñßsÅè!ï OG»ŸYg~g;XuŠZg†Zéx{yÔ‘Õä O)ZDwÅ÷áy~øq™ä6,0*Îã¸xÐç°â4XuŠZg†Zéx»!í�tåā~ZZy6,õ@*7™zVÇZzgç°7
73 âùVÇX62�Ûzg~8891YÃuŠZg†ZéxäÔ¼ŠôAVZzg›»Ð÷Æ
@*ëâga8891Y~ZyÆmzZg 83 »g.VÆ‚BÔ'×ZgZDw6,q¢~Š~X*yÅZ÷á®)Æ!*)ZyÅ)]~ZŸ†ƒZXZKt6,ZÜZgZ¹
93 µ7,g;åÔOç!*ÆHyZ,Väh‹**gz}ÆjZáÐmg]™à
46
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Zk§btZ¶g~cāZ!x5+k,ƒZXˆ~uŠZg†Zéx{yäZL Zzg²Šzu~§s 04 Ò**]ÃÂ!Š¶Æa%A$™Zc*pzŠ{¸T$ƒŠH
LLðZ}(.çGLZ5ŠZŠZiÂpZëóóÆ**xÐeZËÝxZaŠO~ÅÂ[÷áùƒT~‘Õä O)ZDw6,uŠZg†Zéx{yÆZ‹ZŸ]»�Z[Šc*ŠHX
Zsò¦sx‹ZDw~ge΃ZìpÔM@È™ÆÔ¦s~÷áï)ZsòÁÜÃz{Jw7™DZzgdZ+ÑwÐZyÅF,Šh+™D÷XZi!0îE0z«»{Õ„ÂĦsZDwÆ4,Šq-)q¢ÅFgZK+M»
ZyÆìw~¦sRLZkZd%¥ÐÔ˜Vz{gzqã 14 ´`7ìX½ÅZq-¸]g‚råÔn¤/™úZxŘªZzgizŠZNŠ~ÐÃZ+{ZVä»
ZDwÆ4,Šq-LLZsò¦s–wëŠZ³U*ãÃ%æJL§Zsð 24 fg=0ŠHXZDwZ,¦sÆÜs÷�úZxÅ‹ 34 ~ïmaZ™ä»**xìXóó
¿Ã®™@*ìÔ›ëÐM@È™@*ìZzgúZxÃÂ6)é XO]~2™@*ìXz{jãÔgGãZzgz�Š~¦sÃgŠ™D÷XZyÆM»‰LLîÃãóóìXz{LLί”¹óóeT÷:āLLY:;ñ™Zâ]óó:
tçA÷**iu�F,~gŸƒÂ™44 ā=Âpl:Mc*t§&{Õ„!
F,~ó{~ìZq-LzgGã ¼Zzgqì÷áh+F,~›ã54 M»ì‰åîÃã jV6,d-ö
GLgZ<ØÐLìÜZg
g;:7ÒªîG0ß°~ί”¹64 Y:;ñ™Zâ]g{‰!*¹
)Zsò¦sƉ)bÔzu]Zß�ŠÔ*.çGEEOÑ‹_0îGOZzggG+M
z){ÅZDwä6,izg#¿ÅXZkÐz�Š~¦sÆqò',ëƒñZzg�ß°ô 74 –w·†ZvŒÛ7LL#¿»Zq-i',Š„îÃyQJ9ZƒZXóó
56
gzZîQ${ðGOsÆqò
zu]Zß�ŠÔ*.çGEEOÑ‹_0îGOZzgRÈÈU*XƇb÷Ôz{Z[ÌZDwÅ#¿
™D÷Xt#¿Zy„ñç¬]J-özŠ7gSÉ#Å©ïEGLZDwÅZ(g™gìXZkÅZq-úc*VVw@¾÷�™8ïELDZzg[ƒäÆ!*z(aèQ¦sÆqò÷ÔZkaZ,VäZDwÃâx™äÅgzlZ(gÅìÔOç˜÷āZDwäß5:c*ÀòsV~ZKÈ»ïÆZsò${ð
GOgÃ"54fõ
EGHIÆtZ²Æ‚B‘o™Æ{à(,~t™eZàXZ,Vä
gZòZ߉ÜÛZg»ÃÌ(,~¤ÏÐZC1ZzgF].h+›y™zZßVŧbÔ6,zW-ŠÐ² 84 mg]pZ;:Z0+ZiZ(g™ÆÔegzV÷áä8ïFLGƒ‰X
¯ÄZDwÆczs÷ágb÷Xz{zu]Zß�ŠÆqò÷ZzgZDwÃÌzu]Zß�Š~U*"$™äÆaÚiz§ÜsHìXZyÆ4,Šq-5191Y~~Z#èEEL²!Å8mZÇÃLLZÒŠzi0+‘óóŒÛZgŠbZϧbßåT§bZDwÅŠzu~‰MgZ߉XOç1191YJ-ZDwÃLLË%iZðóóŒÛZgŠc*ìZka
-ŠÐ²‰ 94 āZDwÃAZsx»%:‡Šc*yŠZgZÑây„~ÃM@*åXZDwÆZgZŠ]qä
’A.3ï EGGiŠÏÆ!*)ZDw6,**gzZúHìXZyÆÒyÃ05 �†ZÓ].ä�Æîg6,ÜHìX
66
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»¯[¯xpZzŒÂò!ígQ03Šc5191YX 1X)è¹ZDw%ûg<Z−+;×Ô,]411X911(ZL¯[¯xpZzŒÂò!ígQ81BZÆ',5091Y~ÔZDw˜÷āLLŒÛMyÑp 2X
~TŠgMc*]Üq¦sÆ0ƒVZy»èŠØ'Zk!*g{~M\‡g~÷á{Ñy™r#c*ËZzg™r#Ðtg{™Æ=¹¢×�Z[Š,'Z¤/‡g~™r#ñßsÃtU*"$™**ƒāXzu]Zß�Šª¦s»ZÝXŒÛMyÅMc*]ÐÀ_ìÂz{ÃyÃyÏMc*]7™Mh÷ZzgZyÅH‚
)à‹kKMèZDwÔ™801( ™D÷?óóZDwÅàâ]>ZyLLÎZògZx¾BÔZzgLL]Í-+ö
NGWóóX~L!Zz„ÔZzgLzu‹8jèELz�ŠÔÆp}ÒyƒñÔZkâƈ½ˆ÷X)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZ’Zð¯xZDw%ûeZËŠHyPÔ,]403Ô123(¥xƒ@*ìāZkм²āZDwZkË
J-V‰¸āzu]Zß�ŠZsxÆo°ìX(ZDwÆ�~Z°g ii (£Ñ]ZDw) i LLZuZgèpŠ~óóÆŠâdÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ) 3X
(ZuZ§pŠ~%û÷á+{yX iv (gziÇgMÔ¢Šzx) iii)(ZuZ§pŠ~)�ÛZñl”{ ii (ZDwZzg¯‹�g%ûhâZiÔ™051X) i Š&ÀŸ/õ GG) 4X
Zi+c(F,KM÷á+{yÔ™15@*35Ô‰ZÃgøDfs÷:Zi¤/zÓÍAZÈŠ* gZ4ï XELZzw#îyœ¬Zz',Yyß°œZ„ ÍA}Šg]µMŠxZ„{ÅþLZÈÈ**�Š‚ !5¾æ
ELu%î0ñ�Š‚^qZÍw~ZDwäp~™Š~¶Xp~ÆLLZuZgèpŠ~óó~ZkÅtìqgZ4ï XELŠk,ÜZ#îVœXZDwZzg‹�gÔ,]151X251X 5Xz�Š~¦sÆÜsZDwäZkaMzZiQVðāz{ZÐ)ZsòB¸X 6X
76
gzZîQ${ðGOsÆqò
¦sLLZÜm°ZÅ™)ÿóóZyÆ4,Šq-ZsòåXLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÅZ÷á®)ÐZq-‚wIZ³×e$ZsxÆ‚Ñ:Z°k~LLQ¦sZzgZsxóóÆñçq6,ZÖgìw™Dƒñ’A.3ï EGGÃZsxÆ‚Š{�Z+Zzg²!gz—Š´Æo°
à ŒÛZgŠc*åX)cāZuZ§pŠ~ÔCZDwZÆ',35YÔ™56(@*ëZÏ‚w·Š+¯tg‚!LL§góóÆaZÚz-Šïƒñ›âVÅZܹi0+Ï6,ß5ñ™Zx»
¹(,ZZW,Cc*Zzg¹āZ,VäZKyÃZKyZzg›yÛy¯c*XZkZÚz-~ÌgGã¦sÃ)Zsò¹X)£Ñ]ZDwÔ,]781X881(ZDwä¦sÃ7Éz�Š~¦sÃui}Zsx~Zb7ŠZ¹ì),ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ˜‹ZDw™301(ZŒ)08X9781Y@*5591Y(ÂÂxZ−+Zz1Š‹~aZƒñZzgŠgÇ{ 7XÂxZ−+Zz1~æy÷XZDwäZ¹pZzŒÂòrÑzqH¸**x=wƒŠHX)pZzŒÂòÔ§]Zzg»g**ó™9(ZDwZzgŒÂòÅŠk,ÜŠz46,·†ZvŒÛ7ä,ÐgzÝeZàìX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔçÜ+ZDwÅÃ~,]204@*714(fs~‘ÕäO)ZDwÐZ%szZ·tÅgzŠZŠÔpZzŒÂòÆZLZÖp~ÔÒyÅYCìXcÆÆŠzgZyŒÂòä–å:
LL~ZDwÅ+M6,ú7™zVÇXZka7āz{÷}Šz„÷ÔZka7āz{(,}MŠò÷ÔÉZkaā‚A‚wÐ~ZyÆìwzZgZŠ}ÃY}ƒVXZ,VäÂtš~ZKŠZª~
›âVÆÃZ+}ÆaèƒÏ1ZkÐJç}aZƒVÐZzg›âVÆZßà�Z+~H,²w7,YñÇXŠg|tš~ZDwÅ7ÉZPñz‰ÜÅ—ÈqwìXz‰ÜÅpZéìāæ¹f!0YNX1Hz{Z(™nÇ?ZkÐÈŠzā7Xóó)ƒèÃgÔ™814(
Zq-*y~�2591Y~Ôуg~ƒäzZáXL-ÄZDwóÆapZzŒÂòä5åÔ˜÷:
LLZkƈZDwäš~LLZuZ§pŠ~óóèZzg|]qƒèZi~Ưx6,Zzg‰ßAVÆ�Z+èF,¿Š*6,WÅÔTÃ~äZzg|]ZºZ!M!*Š~ä**ñizVìw™ÆZkÐZ%sHX¼
86
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
²áJ-Z¶gZ]~Z%°p}÷áùƒñ1My»g÷ZQy»Z�›ìwƒŠHZzg~ät™1āF,¿Š*»z{Ç�‰ß5ñ
™Zx»ìÔz{z‰Üq¢ÆañizV7ìÔYèŒÛMy~}.Zä�Š¬2ðìÔZk~Š*Å>ðÃlxZzgMy]Å>ðÃ!íy
)ƒèÃgÔ,]344Ô544( g3ŠHìóóXZL*y~fz¹÷á{ä–āš~ZuZ§pŠ~!*±gZL}òÆZq-úì 8X�Zsx6,ZsxÅMh~ƒZìXñßsÆ4,Šq-LL¦s~ZsxìÔZsxÅgzbìÔZsx»)wìÔZsx»¾wìXóófz¹÷á{Zzg¤sÆp}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL×ZDw§]ZDw~óó%ûeZËd�ÛZ¹Šz'×h+šc*VÔZuZ§pŠ~Æ�Z[~Ôˆ~èIXZk§b#¿~è 9Xˆš-VÅÀ®ZŠegìXZ’Z~LLZuZ§pŠ~óóƉp}}pŠ~Ôqƒ6,WZzg¦sÆK~ 01XZºZ[M!*Š~ÓuÔOçtľ:
ñß~ƒ„`¸2+§»ÒZkÐI{Õ÷g{ˆ‰Z[ìZy»Z%Zx
¼g*y˜÷${ðG
OsÆÜsZߊZqZ}fz¾!*ëZߊZqZ}¢3ú
EGEL¬x
ZºZ!M!*Š~{Õ{ÂðŠZ**7gÔ·gÔ~³¸XZºZzgZDwƹZi©]¸XLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÆÜsgáLO¿6,ZDwäZyÐ7g~š~7,"ÅŠgpZ„ÅX©]Åbà~Z¤/¼�Ût!*¹åÂz{Zkz‰ÜŠzgƒŠHZ#ZDw
äqƒÐ0ZÃgš~Ð{g`™ŠbXNuóÆŠzgZyZºäZDwÅ#¿Ð¤/m,HZzg!*ÆHytľ:
UZãZy~ÔZy~!*q |‹ZDwZzgpZzŒMîKYN}.Z„Æa Z#7ìizg÷á„Æa;å0*ðæs„7 zgiØV~¼Ø„7ò+Š-Z:!*Š-Z:g³ bŠgCÙÍzk,Z:g³
ZiZVøDfsZÃg~ŒÂòÃíöÅ:¸òg.VÆ÷˜Vz{Ì Z}pZzŒ™z:ZDwÃgŠ
96
gzZîQ${ðGOsÆqò
÷ŠÔXg^Vz{Ì ?"ƒŒÅi~Z¤/Š-zVÆa¶ÑVz{Ì 6,-VÆa†Vì?ÃZ¤/
ò –w·†ZvŒÛ7ZyZÃgÆ!*)ŠzâV{ñlƒ‰XÈtāpZzŒÂ{ñlƒ‰XZyIt#Ŭ]Æa·†ZvŒÛ7ÆøDfsp}5±<:
(pZzŒÂòŠŠ~'!LLçÜ+ZDwÅÃ~óó ii (ZºZ[M!*Š~) i)(c¶î0ZuZ§pŠ~Ô!LLZDwóó'ZÆ',3591YÔZ6,s4591Y iii)
Zyp}ÆZ½‚]LLc¶î0ZuZ§pŠ~óó~÷áï÷Xfz¹ZzgŠzZðÆ 11Xp}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL$¨å EGLZDw§‹ZDw~óó·†ZvŒÛ7äZLîs*yLLc¶î0ZuZ§pŠ~óó~{à¥â]½Å 21X÷XeZËYzh+ZDwäLLi0+{¥zŠóó»�!*[LLNu)óóÆÄZyЖìZk»â~.9*yìXÝxgÎw$»LL_ÅïELZuZgzgñióó»l)�LLZD1]ZiñÑ**ÝxgÎw$óó~LLZuZ§pŠ~óóÆÄZyÐ÷áïìÔic*Š{F,ZÏ*y
ÐâpfìXeZËYzh+ZDwä–ìāLLZkñçq6,ZÌ'×h+ïÅ¢zg]ìóóXtgZñŠg„ìZkaāLLZy‚ßV~pVp}ZZ¶gzVZzgg‚ßV~š~ZuZ§pŠ~Å°pc*#¿~Ôz�Š~¦sÆhc*ÜsZzg
)i0+{¥zŠÔ™912( qƒÅ×e$c*ZyÆÛ§]ÅF,Šh+~÷áùƒñXóótó»xZ*…ÅR»ìXZy]p}ÔZuZ§pŠ~ÆÜs舚-VÔ‘ÕäO)ZDwÆ�Z!p}ZzgZÏeƼŠèo2LL@*g+÷ GEL¦sóó»Y,{Ô‘ÕäO)ZDwƬZzgˆÆ¯xÄz�ÆÚø~Ô1Y**ecXZuZ§pŠ~ÆÜsèˆZq-š~LLuRÑuZgóó»Y,{gZ¶ä7Hå�LLZDwŠ#Zq-
~÷áïìX _·óóeZˆZ°ÝLg~»t]6,zW$¹Òjè
EEäÜHLLZDwøg}Šgxy}0 31X
™Mc*ìTä'ç NŠzV~i0+ÏÆMU*gaZ™ŠbóóZÐZ%MÆ**ñgÕŠZzgóó~52Z~1291Y New Age ZŠd$CÙ',^gi+äZL*y~÷áïH�LL
Ã÷áùƒZXZk»F,ÀLL“Š.ïEGLZDwóóÆÄZyÐLLZDw@z—¬Ýóó~÷áï
ìXeZËLg~Æ*y»F,À�·Z™ZxäLLZDwÅšc*VóóÆÄZyÐHå�LLø-VóóÆâÞ0391YÆÑg}~ÖåXt*yLLZDwçÜ+Å
07
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Ã~óó%û¦z‡gxÔ~÷áïìXeZˆZ°ÝLg~Æ*y»ŠzuZF,Àâ´gZxäHå�2391Y~'L.8-ìwÔÆLZDw�Ô~÷áùƒZåZzgLLZDwÅšc*]óóÆÄZyÐLLZDwZzg]�góó~Ì÷áïìXZÅÞZ‡g~ä–ā#5ÃZ#îyÅÚÁppZzqƒÅ!*"$ic*Š{5w 41X
ìXz{Zq-lk),gvtKYD÷ZzgZkaZyÆqñVäZDwÃF,Å/F,Å�Z[Šc*ìXñÑ**ÞZ‡g~äš~ÆŠzu}Zi+cÐqƒÆ!*g}~¾‰ZÃg{g`™Š¶6,pÙZzgŠâpv.s™Š¶6,Z\k»
)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwçÜ+ÅÃ~Ô™623( ZÖgHXZÅÞZ‡g~ätÌ–āqƒÃgh™²°ÃÇZ¯¢8ª]Z0ìX)Â[èÃgÔ,]133@*333(ZDwäñÑ**ÞZ‡g~ÐZ·t™DƒñZyÆ**xZL¯[~–ā~pŠZkñZiäÐt7åXŠâpv.s™äÅzztÒyÅāz{¹¿åZzgZ"gÅzzÐß.»!*)åX)ZDw**)Ô™001(ZŠd$Z}M!*Š~äß°òV6,JW™Dƒñ–ā¡Òiªî EE0¦sÆ 51X!*)LLMy»g].z4»**xJ-!*¹:g;ZzgÜs¦s„¦sg{ŠHX»�ÛzVИŠ™ä»**x˜ŠZûg3Zzg˜Š!*l)c*!*ÖpŠvpŠÉ(»**x˜ŠZºHgƒZXóóßAVZzgZDw»ñZi:{à,ÐHìX}˜÷:
LLß°ë÷āZzgƒ¼ìpë¼Ì7X‘Õä O)ZDw™r#ë÷āÜsë„ë÷ÔZzg¼Ì7'ß°ë÷āë¤÷Zzg}.Z£['‘ÕäO)ZDwë÷ā}.Z¤ìZzgë£['ß°ë÷āw‹@*āßv»0*îVÆngz0+™i0+ZÈbz1ŠÐ�]ŠÑN'‘Õä O)ZDwë÷ā¿´Zzg�
)ZDwçÜ+ÅÃ~Ô,] Ãð‚tMñZÐe7-âgz'óó881@*591(
ªCÙìāZDwÅt½7ìā�Ãð‚tMñZÐe7-âgzXZk£x6,÷zàZv)ZŠd$Z}M!*Š~(ÅW)áZiyƒìZzgZ,VäZ¶K6,ŠZi~Æ�l~ZDwÐZ+!*]™[™Š~ì�Z,Vä7½XciZŠ{ÆPZÃgÔ�gVwÔŒVÜKYD÷: 61X
gDÙÈYVMæ0+ZsxgZ Š\.èI
ELYVMæ0+ZsxgZ17
gzZîQ${ðGOsÆqò
Zz1YgZ|z),™Š0+**x zZñ',Z,+B1ºé FEGÈ“¨ÿG
L{xZiŠÄ$¾æLÆÑVZØgRÄCåMEMgZi$+oÑVZØg
)'×h+ZÃgÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwÔZÆ',3591Y™28(ZDwçÜ+ÅÃ~Ô%û6,zWz‡gxÔ,]723X823 71X�k‚JZÃgÅt”]Möš~LLZzgZtËXóó~÷áïìX),] 81X011X111(�g%:PZÃgÜKYD÷:
Z˜—ß5:ŠvZ„ &4øFGIL‚izF,Z:ŠvZ„
10+ZgŠ»½~1Z§Â ÃgrZiŠgŠZ0+Z,ZçÂZØgZi$¾æL-VZØg ZiìÑ‹6,.VŠg*g
uzŠ6Š~»Šâpeg0*õ,]6,ŒìXZk~eZË‚]ŒäZL 91Xñ�»ZÖgHìXpŠ~Æa+ƒ™"pŠ~ÆagZ3aZ™**Z(${ð
GOg
ì�ZL!hÓëL¦sÆ!*)eZËñßsÅ6g~ì@*ëz{tÌë÷"pŠ~ āZDwpŠ~Ã)Zv»(@*,¯**eT÷ZzgtZyÆ4,Šq-pŠ~Ã+™**Zzg
ŧsâbƒ**ìXÎZwtìāQ×Z¾!*]»ì?eZË‚]ŒoÔIZzgè<ØÅÔ™ÆZK+MÅ!*]™D÷Zzg$ÒïGLZKãÃÑZ["pŠ~Ð^zäzgŠ9eT÷@*ëMÐ^™ZsxÃMù›ZzgZpé]ÆáZŠsŒÛZgŠï÷XŒVQZy»ñ�¡¾æ
ELZDwÐ_“Z(g™©8ìX
ZDw'Z5ðzí6,4Zzgg8-z±ÆZqÐiÃS™zu]ZKãÅ×e$™D÷)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGwsZDwÔ™912(Ô@*ëZkÆaœãCŠÜsZsx½™YìXZDwZsx„ÆjZáÐMÃEÆbŠZg÷XLLš~ZuZ§pŠ~óóZiZÅÞZ‡g~!ZDwçÜ+ÅÃ~Ô%û6,zWz‡gxÔ 02X,]033X133ëŠt6,LLñóóªgèZv¬\Å™»Ètìāœ@*`Z−+ZzgÆZ@ 12X‰qxy¦s�Z£uy~Ô|]ëŠZ³U*ãòÃô/™Zxñ»ŠgzŠï÷XŒÛMy~Óx&½ð EL»gzVÃLLgèZv¬àÅóóÅtKg]Š~ˆìÔ@*ë�gZ˜bt#Öô/™ZxñÆa{mìXLL"$ŒóóÔZŠZg{¬DëŠtÔky 22X
27
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ZDw uŠZg¶xZzgeZËYzh+ / Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔg7gZiZ‡Zv¸Ô>ZyLLze-î»Msóó 32XÅpÐi·»gk,ÔâZñz‰ÜÔ42Šc78YâZñz‰ÜуgÔ)!*nKM(61ŠcÔ91ŠcÔ82ŠcÔ72ŠcÔ32Šc7891YÔ61 42@*82X†g~8891YuŠZg†ZéxäZkÄZyÐZq-îs*y–�gzi**)kB~ÔŠHg{ÇV 92X~Ô÷áùƒZX«m3âga8891YZzgMy~m13âga8891YÃ÷áùƒðXLLh‹**gz}ÔiƒZzg|óó'm�egÔ!gzi**)kBуgÔ 03X!ígQ7âga8891YèÃg{*yÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔm�ŠzÔ!gzi**)kBуgÔ!ígQ4âga8891Y 13XŠz**gz}~ÔquŠZg†Zéx{yäLLh‹**gz}óó¹XZq-LkB¯gxó 23Xуg~�2†g~8891YÃgzi**)kBуg~÷áùƒðXa¶½k,LLóŠ~6,öóó6,z¤/Zx~gZzf~~ƒðXZkÅgzŠZŠâZñz‰ÜÔ~21†g~8891YÃ÷áùƒðXeZËÍgZt»*yÔ‚]ÇV~Ô51@*22†g~8891YZzg**ÜZ−+**Ü» 33X*yÔ0*õÇV~Ô7@*31âga8891YÔâZñz‰ÜÔ~÷áùƒñXgZ**ZÚiZ£»*yÔgzi**)kB~Ô02@*32�Ûzg~8891YÔ÷áùƒZXeZËo»*y&
ÇV6,Œå�31�Ûzg~@*51�Ûzg~8891YÔâZñz‰Ü~÷áùƒZXxl»»ÝLâZñz‰Üó!ígQ31†g~8891Y~÷áùƒZXZk»ÄZyå:LLZ} 43Xgc*g»g�Û&43ð GEG!?Zz.$øYDƒp�Y…ƒóóšZ°Ý÷áòäŠz»Ý
‘Xª5†g~ZzgŠzuZ6#8891YÃâZñz‰Ü~÷áùƒZXLLâZñz‰Üóó»ªZŠZgtJ†g~8891YÃ÷áùƒZXZk»ÄZyå:LL!**È0*Îy 53X
Å÷áy~øqÔZï[Å¢zg]óóŠzuZZŠZgt31†g~8891YÃ÷áùHŠHXZk»ÄZyå:LLZDwÆÜsî':p!*h+™Š!óóVwÆîg6,Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔgzi**)âZñz‰ÜуgÔ01âga8891Y 63Xgzi**)LLâZñz‰ÜóóуgÔ!ígQ21†g~8891Y 73XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZ%zióóLLâZñz‰ÜóóZzgLLætóó!ígQ72�Ûzg~8891YXZkЬ 83XuŠZg¶xÆZk§bÆÒ**]Ì÷áùƒñāLL~‘ÕäO)ZDw»o]q
)LLâZñz‰Üóó22Šc7891YÔ ƒVóóZzgLLZ¹ZC„~gZÉt™@*ƒVXóó37
gzZîQ${ðGOsÆqò
LLætóó32Šc7891Y(LLâZñz‰ÜóóуgÔ!ígQ8Z~8891Y 93Xg×yœjäuŠZg†ZéxÅ»gk,Zzgp}Ã%A$HpÂ[÷áù:ƒmX 04XZ,VägZ¶ÃCc*āzŠ{¸T$ƒŠHå'Zy»ìwìāzŠ}ƸT$ƒä~uŠZgP»;BåX
Z*G� The Reconstruction of Relegious Thought in Islam... 14XZi+cÔ™941X
'%û¦†ZßZuÔ™972 Thoughts and Reflections of Iqbal 24X@*gõ¦s%"0î GOE6,zW™',³gz~Ô™19 34X
!*ÁƒsÔ™59 (iii) LzgZID¢ƒæ (ii) !*ÁƒsÔ™86 (i) Š&ÀŸ/õ GG 44@*64XçÜ+ZDwÅÃ~'™714 74XLLZsxZzgf[ƽóóF,Àd�ÛZ¹z·¢/LLCgzZe$óó5891Y 84XeZËoŒZºä–ìā:d�ÛZ¹äZDwÆÜsZ²ZxF,ZÙÅìZzg‡Z+ZWÅfZ]ÃÌZ‹Zn»¶K:¯c*ìXZkaā#Ũ4è
EGEL0*ÎyZyÅ1
6,÷X)ZDwZzg5±Ô,]09X19(ZϧbnœjäÐZ£Å#Å©ïEGLZDwÅzzZyÅ)®)ZsòÐzZÕCðìX)LLZDwóóZÆ',9791YÔ™2(ÐZ£äLLZDwZq-÷á²óó~)®)ZsòÅF,)ã7ÅXŠgZÝz{gzZîZzgjã¦sÆqò÷X)®)ZsòZ,¦sÅz»ª7™CXd�ÛZ¹ÌZq-uJ-gzZî¦sÆqò÷XÐZ£ÃZkK~ZDwÐZ%sì²d�ÛZ¹ZDwÃÔ÷á²~~Ôzu]Zß�Š~ªCÙ™D÷X)ZDwZq-÷á²Ô™09'˜]ZDwÔ™001(d�ÛZ¹äZDwÆŠÃq~Ì–ìZzg}}2Ÿ:Z0+ZiÌZ(gHìX2Ÿ:gDy»:Leì�ÛZ¹ÅgzZî¦sÆ‚BŠpƒptgZñŠg„7ìāz{ZDwÔ‡Z+ZWc*0*ÎyÆ#³÷Xd�ÛZ¹Å16,:)®)ZsòìZzg:)®)Zsò0*ÎyÅ#³ìXÑbYzh+**)Ô™822 94X¡¾æE
LZDwZzg’q-Z£tÔ™483 05X/'/'/
47
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ŠZ!*[
à:-g\Å|ðàÔ�ƒ™ÔZsòѾZz‰ÆÜsÚŠz΂w
)6901Y@*2921Y(J-',u�gg÷X›âVУâ]l�8¢Æ´z{Zsòæt6,ï™ÆŒVÅŠzªzW,z]ÃZL¥s~Ñ**ÑåXZL
œāŠÔÔZsxÔÆÜs(MgZðÐ�{-g\»${ðG
OgaZƒZX¾ð,œ~ÐZVgz,œ~J--g8iqZzg®+',Z',g™DZzgµ"¯Dgìā-g\Ÿ]ÃÜ™Ææ¹-g\ТãF,ÃVþ§b!*CÙïÑYñX
°lVäâgZ−+iāZzg&bZ−+Z-!‰ZzßZ+x‡Z+aZKXÅÑ»ß;uÒ543ð GEGVÃÌâ'7,ZXZ,VäZKMÒ{YVÆŠßV~Zy
ZzßZ+x‡Z++Zzgxsƒ4èGEL¢ãÆÜsÐ]ÆÕ@1ñZzg›âVÔ!*<mF,ÃVÔÐZÙxheÅSÅXtZÏ°_."»gœè¿ìāM`Ì-g\ZzgZ%M¬ÝZsxÃCÙõf6,“Š¶ZzgCÙyZy~—Š3äÆaÃ÷áV÷XdZzg„~õf6,ZsxÔ9ZsxZzg›iqz®+Æ!*g}~
›˜´6,ï)c*ŠHXZsòŠ*~zm¸x6,4à 1 ßxV;ðIX�ÛzrŠ}™Zzg¢ãāÆ{i}™ÆZsòzu]Ã0*g{0*g{HŠHX›Ñ¾Zz‰Æ»~ZuZ¢Yîã‡ìňZzg85ë EE
YLUÆfg)²1V
Æz‚b6,¥sÃD¯c*ŠHXf[äpŠÂZ�ŠÅ§s7ŠòÅXnZzg-g8œār~ZkÅzZãVB÷p›âVÆZ�ŠÅgZ{gz)ZzgZ¹$zggZIf[»@sìXpŠgzZîZzg�CÙ~ZUÆZmgΊb÷p
57
Ë›yo»�CÙ~¤‰ÜàC**ÍZgìX¿²áÆaÎze$-2f[»wpg;pZ·ZÅZz[ЬZzgÎzf$gzkÆIUƈ¬ÝZsxÃ$+2gwpŒYg;ìZzgCÙyZy~ZЗŠ3äZzgZL¥s~gppÅÃlYg~÷XZsò¶Kè0U*6~›âVŤ‰Ü»gZiāìXOçZ4Z],~Zsî‚ßc�Û.$ÃZMZg~:MäŠc*ŠHZzgF,Å~gÃ{0*gKÅÎo�Š~ˆXZy]›ëÃ7Ãg3YñÂà:ÅZDw(ËÆø»]Ã'Â7gLX
ZDw6,pVà:ä–ìZzgƒ»gztZq-67ìX–wÔe´ÍgZk (Gibb) Ô±ï
YE (Brown) Ô',Zîy (Nicholson) eZ˦†ZvÔ$¹Òjè
EE
Ô(Bousani) Ô1‚ã (Massignon) Ôâl (Nallino) Ôšâ (Deni son Ross)z){ÐZÅ,çEZ`àt÷X$¹Òjè
EEä (Schimmel) Zzg\)ÿ
I(Arberry) Mg',~
ZDwÅ÷á²Z:&6VZzg„~ā-$Ãi',Š„yZ•d7HX\)ÿI
Å’k,,èIƒZzg(Ïø»]ÐÞZ÷XMg',~Ô-g\~_Åœî0ZDwÆe~‡.ÞZOŠgZ{úÃM@*ìXLLgñ¯6Š~óó»F,ÀZkeÅš/~ìT»Ñf[zæt~íoà»�ÛzrìXMg',~ä-g8ºÆܽZsx.VÆ',@ZDwÆ$©�î EG
0ÃÅ×e$ÅXMg',~ä–ā:LL›âVŵ�R»%Z*VÃZ0+ZiÅYCg„÷Zzgœ-VJ--g\~dïÃgZ:èIƒÅOg„ìXóóeZˆZväà:Æ&¤/z{Cñ÷Xz{X»_Åœî0ZDw¤{Zzg¸],ìXz{XÅ’k,,gŠZzg)£g~÷Zzgz{czsàtXÅ’q-tCìXeZˆZvÅgZñìāZDw6,QVäzZáŠc*-$ŠZgZIf[äÌ—f6˜]Æ�–ìXZyÕŠzVÅ7Òø
EItìāZsxÃ].h+e$)fšM(ŧsgZá™äÆe~ZDwZyÆŠZx~7MñXeZˆZvZkË6,ã÷:LLZÝXt
67
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
2 ìā-g8™zZßV~ZsxÆÜsƒÅa,¹÷~÷XóóZzgZse4jè
EE (E.M. Forster) ZDwÆZzA-g82¤~Z~Z*7Æ**xúc*V÷XŠzâVäZLg--Ô6,zW$¹Òjè
ELEÆ (L.Dickinson)Zôm,~F,9*î E0ZuZ§pŠ~Ã7,|™‘XLLZuZ§pŠ~óó»F,À÷áùƒZÂ-g\~ZÐzWŠZ],}~7,JŠHX–wZöZ}zZuZÒ‡gM»gáLO¿tåāZDwZZxætÃ-g8ZEgÆÜs(MgZ™**eT÷XOçZOÆàt
šâЬ 3 šâä-g8ZZxÃÔzZãîg6,ÔZDwÅ’k,zVЊZgHXe4jè
EEäÔøDfsZÖp~ÔZKgZñªCÙÅ:War is war, whatever its avowed object...and if the
East once gets going to recover by arms a free and
united Islam, it will not stop till it has either
conquered the world or failed in that attempt. In
either case there will not be much left of Mr.
Iqbal's philosophy among his coreligionists.
If this book be phrophetic, the last hope seems
taken away. The East, if it arms, may indeed end
by conquering the West. But if so, it will conquer
no salvation for mankind. The old bloody duel
will swing backwards and forwards across the
distracted and tortured world, and that is all. Is
this really Mr. Iqbal's last word.4
ZkŠg”h+gáLO¿Æ:©~°kBì�pŠ|ðf[äÑzqÅZzg�!*ÆHyZyÅ“6,ȃðX¬ÅêLZsxÃZ3ÿXLf[äZ[ÌlZÇ{¯c*ƒZìZzgmu¤/xVÌYg~g¿ƒð÷X=zyŠÆ6,_',ŠZgzVÅ™~t!*]7MCāZy»g*EV»Zq-ŠgCgáLO¿ÌƒÇX‚gZizgZk6,ìāZsòŠ*Ã$zgg3YñZzgÃð›ygZ{úc*®kB»**xJ-:áXZDwÆXŠzÄzVÃÜ™Æe4jè
EEäŠzîscZ¤/Zs−K÷X)îZªÐvÆaq7gZÜ7HŠH(z{ZÃg§c*:—g6,FF7÷
77
à:
p™ŠZgà:tNl!B÷āZsò 5 Zzg:Zy~f[»f™ìX$hò EI>U*6Њ*ñZsx¢oZzg�ƒYñÏZzgZ¤/Z3ÿXLf[ZKŠgZiŠëV
Ð!*i:MñÂkBÌeìXaèLLZuZ§pŠ~óóZsò$hò EI>U*6ÅMsŠZgìZkae4jè
EEÆ2Ÿ:Z0+Zi~]åIO]ìXZsò$hò EI>U*6ÆjZáÐXà:äZDwá÷Åó{Њ¬ÔZ,VäZDw(ËÅX–wZöZ}zZuZ,VäZDwÛâVZzg|ÇVŠzâVÅÃ~¤/ZäÅÃÒÅX
›âVÃCc*ā¡¾æ ELZDw~)ZsòÁÜ÷Zzg|ÇVйāZDwË›y
',R~XZ‹ZŸ]Ã#Ũ4èE
GELZDwä!*g!*gŠCÙZc*ìz{Zzià: 6 ìXäK¸X
LLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,7»û{01Šc0291YÃÔe4jèEEÆg--Њz‹¬
Two ÷áùƒZXZq-*y>ZyLL·ZDwóóˆ~–�ZkÆù”î0p}~÷áïìXtÂ[6491Y~÷áùƒðXZL cheers for Democracy
û}~¯7ä–ìāLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÆ#¥Üs›y÷XZk~)ZsòÁÜ÷XZLŠzu}çÜ+ŧbZDwÌ"54fõ
EGHIÐOW,ƒñ
÷XZDwZkÅgZ{úð~oiÁ§]ð™**eT÷²-g\~¨e4jè
EEä–ìāZDwäZC,f! 7 !›ÐêLZÜt"54fõE
GHI»Ãð%û7X
!{3¨4èEE
GEÐ1ìX"54fõE
GHIÔ',}yZzgå"5¾æ HG
Y^ÐX"54fõ
EGHI»ZW,{mîg6,¹÷Z
ìXZDwä6,Zã1ŒV~5ÑZ[½™7ÅìXZDw»,MùìpZk»Z:t›âVJ-özŠìX2ZDwkBÅS™ÆZK+MÅMy~
¯7äÌZLˆ 8 Zyû™Šï÷XZyÅwuc(g}ÅÏìXzZá*y~–āZDw»,œZ!V»Å`ÎäÆOñMŠZƒgix
2@*ìX2ZDwÅpÄæE6,FFg„ZkaZÐÎZÑZòf‚»qït!*]‡&ÿELf™ìāZDwÆf!2¤ZDwÐOW,ƒñ 9 7ŒYX
87
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
%7g{nX}¯7ä0291Y~–åā¦/Šk‚wÐZDw¹(,Z**xìXZDwÅÃ÷~¶XZkÅ,~¸„hÆÑZg}ñ�Š÷X6491Y~–āZDwŠMzgZzg**$œî EE0gziÇg÷á²ìX~+gÐZ·tZzgZDwÐZ%s™@*ƒVp7,kZDwÃVXZkÆ‚Bºƒñ~pŠÃgZ{Ë™Š{
01 Ck7™@*XZDw»Zq-(,Z2nÔ”Z»Ô».$zs\.-ôGìXZsx6,ZkÅ«
3491Y~уgÐ÷áùƒðXZöZ}zZu Modern Islam in India Â[Z(7ìX\.-ôGZq-6,�lZ·ZÅìZzgZÏ 11 äZІã|ð–ìX
$©�î EG0ÃÐZDw»_·HìXŒVZk»‰f™°ŠìX,LLZ·ZÅZzgŠCÙbóóÆik,ÄZyMñÏX\.-ôGÅ’k,zVÐ',RZzg-g\ÆŠZ›g',Z',n
!*] c*eZ{ƒñ÷XZkÆZ‹ZŸ]»ætzf[~leg;ìX‡&ÿELZ\ktìāMwZ£uzgZzgZÝZ}Mg±ï
YE‰™xyD\.-ôGÐOW,ƒñ÷X
MwZ£uzgäZL�g*yLLZDwZzgZkÆNvóó~\.-ôGÆZ‹ZŸ]ÃÜ™äÆ–:
ZDw6,t�Z‹ZŸ]÷z{Ô)Z3ÿXLi!*yZzg£òF,¹IzVÆ(Z‹ZŸ]Æ£«~ic*Š{z¯÷XZkzzÐZzgÌā2nÅó{ÜsZDwÅ{ñV6,„7ìÔZkäZk÷á•çLZWÅpÒVÌ,ÐkHð÷XZy~ÐCÙZ‹Zn»�Z[´u{´u{Š¶ÆaZq-ŠíecXp=tZ‹Zs™ä~fgZ:z77āZy~ЉZ‹Zn9
÷XZDwzZªA].h+�ÐzZ�¸ZÚ].h+‚bZzg].h+΂ÌÐzZ�7¸Íz{øg}yz*yÆpZvÆ÷~ázZßV~ƒÐËZgf‚gnp1ZK(,S
97
à:
ƒðèQÅzzЉZz‡]ÒèQÅ×e$~z{è<ØÅZz!gzbÃÃZ0+Zi™Šï¸Xz{pZ1VÅŠ*~gT¸Zzg‰Zz‡]
r-÷EL»f[Ãr-÷EL™Št™fe¸XZ·ZK»Z,V
äÑzq~Zh§b_·K%ZkÅè#ÖŶ1My/~z{Z·ZKŧs¹âb¸X¹Ï!*ÂV~z{%gƸi~¸Zzg™ŠZgƸi~:Ô%g~̃UîV6,
21 ZyÅÃ:ƒC¶XMwZ£uzgÆtZ‹ZŸ]Z\k**u÷Xuzgä–ìāLLeÚÏ\.-ôG
äZDw»(,~÷~ÃÐ_·HìXóópŠuzgä\.-ôG»_·÷~ÃÐ7HZzgZkÆ£œzø»]ÃKÅÃÒ7ÅX
2391Y~÷áù Wither Islam? ZÝZ}Mg±ïY
EÅZsx6,«Â[ƒðXZk~ZDw»f™¼Š!*gMc*ìZzgZDwÆjZßVÐZDw»$©�î EG
0ÃzZãHŠHÏ ìXZ0+ZidZzg(,~uJ-²:ìX2Ÿ:7Ô8-ö
GOWāâeg4,xZzggZtZ·ÆK~ÌÂZiyzZôoÐZÖgìwHìX@*ë\.-ôGÅÂ[7,"ƈ
Modern Trends in Islam ±ïY
E»Z0+ZÃpsƒŠHX±ïY
EÅZsx6,Šzu~Â[5491Y~÷áùƒðXZk~ZDwÆK~Z0+ZÃ#Ö:ìX±ï Y
EäZDw6,!*g!*g§Š»Z²Zx¬Z+HìX±ï
YEä–ìāZDw䧛>»‚BŠc*X
úg]äxgppÅ×e$ÅZzgZk§bâeg4,x»»i{ïwŠc*X²1VŧbZDwÃÌ-g\Ågzâ+MIMðZzgZkK~',}yÅÇÅX±ï
YEä
Z¤/pZkÅÃðVw77 31 ZDw6,ŒÛMãMc*]Åß@*zs»Z²Zx̬Z+HX~ZDwÃß°ŒÛZgŠc*ìZzg Mohammadanism ÅXZsx6,ZKŠ~Â[
–ìā¦sÆÎV»mZsxÐ',Zñ**xìX2¡¾æE
LZDwÅãCŠÃ:41 ìX ,ì&"54fõ
EGHIÆ4}Zzg',}yÆ${ð
GOgiâyÆ_.eJw1
08
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
».$zs\.-ôGŧbZi+zgeå\̪Ä0*Îy»#³åX2391Y~Z#ZDwŠzu~Íwö»Ð÷Æe~Zày~}Ôå\äLL0*yZsò‚ilóóÆ«&ÄZyÆ�Ô8‹0î
EE0Z!M!*ŠÆgœè¿~ÔZq-
%ZÏßyN*Z~÷áù™Zc*X0*yZsò‚il»6,z"Z›gc*„ƪxZzgZk 51 ~i',Š„g»z^0YåZkaZDwä�Z!%ZÏ÷áù™Zc*X
§bZkÆZW,ÃÁ™äÅÃÒÅX3591Y~÷áùƒðX Musa Pervagans ZÝKÎgáÅÂ[
Îgáä–wpŠŠ*Å4+æð÷á²~»ZN[ìF,À7HìXZkñßsäeg0*õ,]ÆZL 61 ~!*8-ŠgZÅ!*g{>÷áï÷X
û}~Z\kÆ‚B–ìāZDwÃòx‹6,4Æ£gzVÐY™Yg;ìX0*Îy~ZDwZ�Zϧb»x™g„÷‰Zày~',Zî)΂+V»ÃgåZzgZDw»÷Ì',Zî)6ƒÇXgfŒäZk6,û{
Z[ (Iqbal Cult) ™Dƒñ–ìā0*Îy~ZDwÆ‚BZgZŠ]q~¬Ð}ic*Š{ìXÎgáÅgZñìāLLZDwZKuzŠ~GZq-¢÷á²ìpìÑ]Zzg‹ÒyÅ;Æ‚Bz{Zq-©à÷á²Ðic*Š{7óóXZkÆ�Z[~gfŒ—÷āLL¸‹ÒyÅ;Æ‚BóóZDwäLLNóóZzgLLÉ9,%Š{óóÜ>}qÎgáäŠ*Å4+V~(Š~ìXóóÎgá»!í�ìāLLZDw4+÷ᲃDZ¤/Zy~Ã{Z-g†6,m|Yä»_./ƒ@*XóógfŒ—÷ā–wZDwI÷á²Æ»xÅzÝZzg÷Zð»
71 Z0+Zi{¼Šzu}ÚøZ]ЃÇ/ÚZyÆ�'6,Š3ñ‰÷X‡èZ£xVZº�**¥/SäÎgáÆZ‹ZŸ]ܙƖìāLLt)f)ŠZgZ:
81 Ò**]Ë¥ôzWÆZ`7÷XóóäZKÂ[LLZsxóó~�4591Y (Alfred Guillaume) ZÁe2x
18
à:
~÷áùƒðÔeJð,]ZDw6,Ì‘÷ZzgZDwÛyZzg|ð‡gM2xqìāZDwäÔ%zzZsxÐ?Ø 91 ÅÃ~¤/ZäÅÃÒÅìX
™ÔZKãpŠ~Ã!MiZŠ~»qïŒÛZgŠc*ìXZDwä›âVÆ${ðG
O§¼k,Ã-¹ìX¼AZzgŠzicÆ!*g}~ZDwÆìÑ]ç**u$+®)»Šgzgnp÷XZDwÆ${ð
GOgZ]¼ÂZsòZßßV6,FF÷Zzg¼Šz§q¢Æ|ð
Z°g6,X2xätØÌghZìāâegy›yŒÛMy÷åÅ"B÷ZzgŠzgZÈWZk»Á™ZÖg™D÷X2x»Z‹ZnìāZ#].h+»çV
Æ�ŒÛMyÅ@*zs»ÎZwQÞìÂZDwZKf)ŠZg~Г÷X6,zWgZ³gË»[>ZyLLZDwZzgZy»�xóóZ³F,¹QgŠz0*Îy
ä4991Y~÷áùHXgZ³gËä–ìāZDwäÃgÏ÷á²~Zkpl.ů6,Åāti!*yZ[ÌzW´ºÆ›âVÐZ¹ë¯x™$ËìXZDwZ#MŠòÃ7Ò3ªî E
GE0}.ZÅ~ŠÙ÷ÂZyÆ${ðG
Og~7g~$hÿE
LMŠx7ƒCÉZk±»Üs›yzƒ@*ìXZDw÷á„ÂxÃÃ5÷p!*kx@*W,tŠï÷ā¤!g›yxZyq›yxZKyB÷ÔzZªxZKy÷X–w\.-ôGZyÅÂztzZã™äŧsZââb7āZKy»¿Hƒ**ecÎZkZ%ÅY+$āZKyÃCÙ¿ZK7g~¤‰ÜÆ‚B™ä6,LÞY**ecXZDw**Šg÷á{ZzgZ£÷á{Z$+Zà‰ªÝÔ"g3ZzgY',xZâVÆæbuZ÷ÔZkaāz{›y¸XZDwÃZ3ÿXL0*ÎyxZkaB÷ā–w³m,Z£LLz{…ZˆkÚ÷āë¹Zi÷Xóó÷QZzg™Št6,ZDwä
WÅqÑèZôm,zVÆ#5ZzgqòŠzâVZq-„âqÆxZy¸XZ+è#ÖZDwäu¦Z£{yÅ7Å2Vä›âVZzgZôm,Ó#ÖÆŠgxyõM™ZäÆai0+Ïz�™g¿¶XZDwÆ;V›âVÅÓ#Ö
Æâ�)ÇVÆ£tÆ!*g}~ÃðkÒy7MXZDw‚%Z`
28
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ÆŠÔ÷pF,u‚%Z`Â%Z`7BXZ¹t!*]D@ìā˜V˜V›âVÅÓ#ÖƒÏz;VZipŠhzZ»s»ŠzgŠzg{ƒÇXZyÃZÜZgì
ÐÜs›yxc*Z#Ö0„%ZŠ¢8ecp (Nation) ā›âVÃxZDwÌZDw Å Ñwæ¹yÆ›âV»f™J-7™DX6,zWgËä
ÐMÇ{7ìÔÐZPŠ™Dƒñ–ìāLLpŠM’Åt¶„¸„ZyZ·â]Zzg§ŠZ]Åf)ŠZgì�~äÒyK÷XgË»�:ê
EXLZDw**³ì
@*ëZyÆZ‹ZŸ]ÑëÂz÷ZzgZy»Y,{ZLZL£x6,1ŠHìX-g\Åi!*3ÔZôm,~Ô�ÛZúÔðZzgZ¤ß~ÔF,¹c*Ci!*3÷
pZkÆ!*z�ŠZyi!*âV~^}ç ILZDwÆ”î0!»F,À̃@*ìXMg',~äZk»Z‹ZsHì²Mg',~Ô\)ÿ
IZzg1‚ãŧbÔZDwÙÏ~Zq-£x
g‚rìXà:äF,3Æ´z{Šzu}ZñgÆK~ÌŠN™VÅ÷XZÒZDw»zWzr_·7™0*ñXæ¹�d$zpÄÐZyÅözŠ
Z# MÙðÌ™Kõ]»!*)µìXZöZ}zZuä–ìā».$zs\.-ôG
«%ûZyÐ5‡]ÆaMc*ÂZÐQgŠz7MC¶qÑèz{ZDw6,½7g6,zW$¹Òjè
EEÆF,9*î E0ZuZ§pŠ~ÐZDwt7¸X 02 Z0+ZiÐ`[åX
Z,VäFÃl™VÅ÷X}ZDw»Äì:ßg‹AViä%“0 @*œŠg-iÒ£0
Zk»F,À$¹ÒjèE
Eä-VHì:How long wilt though sue for office,
And ride like children on a woman's back.
ÅOñ Reed$¹ÒjèE
EäLL¯äóóÃLL®äóó7,JZzgLLäóó»F,ÀÎgáÆF,3–w‡èZ£xVZº�**¥/S 12 ™Šc*X Woman LL®yóó»F,À
F(ß]Òû÷ZzgZÝ|xЊzgY7,}÷X}LL¯‹gxóó)q*g}HìZzgZkÐLL¦xóó taste of rum M�V6,"¸¯‹gxÐ(»F,À
38
à:
Šg|LLF,ZUy~óó4091YZzgLL*ØZ!óó5091Y~ 22 **xÅÑZ[%ZŠàìXèIX¯xZDwÅ9iâãF,KMÐÑDƒäÆ!*)¯7äZDwÆ„~Zg»ÃK~™3ðìZzgzmzZsòrÆK~ZDwÆ!í�
¯ÄZDwÅ9iâãF,KMÐzZ�ƒäÅ 23 Ãßg8-~7HìX2xäZKÂ[ 42 ßg]~¯7»iZz›ó{–wZDw!*ÇZƒ@*X
LLZsxóó~‘Õä O)ZDw6,ŠzeJð,]Zzg�·ZÑs6,Ô�gZq-].h+!¨¾æ ELZsxÔ
‚hñeg,]4ŠK÷X
48
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔQgŠzŠZ],{çgsZsðÔ¢21Ô,]902@*022 1X_Åœî0ZDwÆP6gcÔ,]962@*372Xtƒ\)ÿ
IJ-~ñ�ŠìX 2X
Ô™583 Gabriels Wing Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:ZDwg--ÔZ6,s4691YÔ,]4Ô5 3X
X%"0î GOE The Sword and the Sceptre X! óó The Secrets of the Self LL 4XgfŒ,]982X092ZDwÆZÝZÃgÔX»Zôm,~F,Àe4jè
EEäÜHÔøDfs÷: 5X@*¤/ŠŠ°×MDg ŒÛƒhZiCÙ¿°ŠŠZg¤/}.Z!*”¾nkBZ„í *Ѥ/ŠŠa°ŠZ„)
)ZuZgzgñiÔ™07(TÄZyÆ�tľ‰÷ÔZk»|xtìāLL›y»!©}å GL§]Z´ñIZvìZzgZ¤/˜Š»øuh˜´ƒÂz{Zsx~wZxìóóXZDw»izgZ´ñIZvZzgŒÛ[h6,ìX*ƒc*kBZvÆaƒãecX
X!LLZDwg--óó'Z6,s4691Y™11 Iqbal and his Critics Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 6X,] The Sword and Sceptre X! The Secrets of the Self Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 7X
972@*582XZk*y»F,À¦Ñy0+z~äÔ1291Y~ÔHå�Z[LLZDw@z—¬Ýóó~÷áïìXŠzu}*y»Zq-ZzgF,ÀeZËÐZºäHìXtÌZyÅ%A$™Š{Â[LLZDw@zb¬Ýóó~÷áïìX
,] The Sword and Sceptre ˜! The Secrets of the Self Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 8X682@*092zZãgìāLLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,K‰¯7Zzge4jè
EEÆZ‹ZŸ]»',]981@*691( Discourses of Iqbal �Z[ZDwäpŠŠc*åX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw@z—¬ÝÔ,]431@*151 9X01XZDwg--ÔZ6,s4691YÔ™7 11X
58
à:
²ÃÈZDwÔ™49 21X,]25Ô16Ô48Ô001Ô@*301Ô011 Modern Trends in Islam 31X,]161Ô581 Mohammadanism Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 41X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»(Ï»g**)Ô,]292X392 51XZyVÆ**xt÷›ÔÔÓz6,zZ:ÔZ',ÔZKyÔæ[/�Z**ÈZsxÔñ•Šgc*Ô 61X
É9,%Š{Ô�ÛZtÔŠ¬ÔNÔZq-6,0+{ZzgN'ZÝKÎgáÅÂ[»ZDwÐThe Sword and the ) 0zgfŒäZL%A$™Š{ù”î0£Ñ]
~÷áïHìX (Sceptre
xx-xxi ,]671Ô871Ô The Sword and the Sceptre 71XZD1]»W~Y,{,]261X361 81X
,]751@*951 (Islam) ZsxX 91XZDwg--ÔZ6,s4691YÔ™7 02X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ˜]ZDwÔ™881 12XZD1]»W~Y,{Ô™161 22X
',]186Ô282 The Sword and the Sceptre Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 32X¯ƒZDw¯x6,zW$¹Òjè
EEÔ!ígQ42†g~1291YÔ!ZDw**)Ô™043 42X
/'/'/
68
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
aå!*[yz
The Hindu Nationalist Movement ™:°83«ç EGE~Ñ^Å"yz*y~¸g÷d0*gKÆ',uZMZgMäЬEc*guÐ in India
÷áùƒðX'Æ‹bÆ_.yzx6,4Å’q-Z¹',³„ì�Zq-±Zzg�yz�`ƪxÅpZéqìXZkÆ!*EVäyzZixÆÉgzZîÁÜÃðZzgZ¤ß~¸x6,4Ð5™»gHT»izgi!*yÔ´‘Zzg�YeJ‘6,ìXZk§yzx6,4ä›âVZzg|ÇVÃÑq{™äZzgŠ–Š¶ÅÕiZ(gŲyzx6,2VƵ"Æ_.›âVZzg
Æ |ÇVÃyzîVÆ�YÄ~ãïY**ìXfZ]0*]ÆÂx~›âVÆ4,Šq-( aŠ~fZ]ª9Í~?m,ň²Âtìā)yzx6,2V
ßvZKºmfZ]~aZƒD÷Zzgtqp~ÐqÝ7ÅY$ËXyzx6,*:Ãc*])yÂZ(Æ;î~¼Š¡VäZ뙊ZgZŠZ
HXMgt�`5781Y~‡ìňXZkƈyz_5À£4èEYHEZzgyz'œúc*V
ƒNXyÂZÅbŠZg¡VÅ7À.ïGLig8-ÑäÐXZ,VäZL»x„™aXMgZöZöÔz~ZÝ8ZzgR8-Šwz){äyz›)bÆK~J
!í�²!Z8äZq-ëwgztZ(gH@*āZÐZ&++D»ôkÆ�ŠwÆîg6,JwHYnX!Z8Åqò¡VäÇîÉÔ@Š÷ŠgZ0+Zi~Ô!*',~KZzgò‰%æFNZä)bÃZŠ~Zzg¸g]~$+F,+YŠZ]
Æìw~yÂZ (Cristophe Jaffrelot) ™zZÆ(ÏÃZ+{QVc*X'78
’q-Æ;îZzg›#³YŠZ]ÅgëgÆŠgxyZq-³mÃM@*ìXyz¡VäúZò×e$Æa!*',~KÃZK7À.ïGLi~Zq-ñgdÆîg6,ZEwHX»ôk�°ZixÅbŠZgìpZkyÂZ»iCÙZk~ÌuZe$™[åZzgZkÆ‚B(Ïñµ6,4̶ÔOç»ôkÆZ0+g!*',~KÆD
1 Æa‹ZgZŠ~ñ�Š:¶X™:°83«ç EGE~Ñ^ÅMgZ›ë6,FF÷Xyz›�ÛtzZqÐiZ+
|ìTÅzŸs#›Z»',Z’ZЙgì÷²pŠyziqäÌÔZLZ0+Zi~ÔZkŤ&zÂ}ÅìXyzƒVZzg›âVÅ"WÆZò[�ZzãäÒyK÷Zy~i!*y»Z%sÔŠ+»Z%sZzgŠzu}Š+zZßVÐyzƒVÅÐ]ÔgÌz¬Š]Zzg§¯çÑ]»Z%s2
aŠO~·ZäzŸs#Åìāyz›é�w 2 yzƒVÅpŠI~÷áïìXZzg!*bZW,5+k,~Æ!*z�ŠMzm,lÅ÷~z�{Šzg:ƒÃXyzZLçÑ}
Ð!*CÙÀhezZáÃÐB÷X3äÅWÅÃðq›ygáÂz{**0*uÅtgZñÌŠg` (Sir Stanley Reed) ƒYCìXaŠO~·Zäuîgi+
3X ÅìāyzîVÆfZ]0*]ÆÂxäZyŠzñVÃåÆa„™Šc*0*ã™ä–ìāZsxäy~¸xÃÔuÐ0*îVJ-ÔŠz”V~oŠc*ZzgM`ÀÅi!*y~&Šz‘Í-Cå GW{ñV»z�Šë÷ÔtzZ§Z’Z„мg~MŠHåXªZq-„ui}6,ŠzáZi~~ÀŠzZg‡ìƒIXtCÙ2w
4 6,Zq-Šzu}Ð].Z‰XgZÈg**B+g»Iìā›âVZzgyzîVÆŠgxy�ÛtZkŠg
ÇìāZÐÃZ0+Zi7HYYX"-ÆŠzg~Zk�Ût»ZˆkÁåpZq-ŠyMc*Z#yzäyzƒäÆÅgÃuâ›ZŒgY**Xz{plgLZ¤/›yZkÆZŒgÃt™@*Zzg{ñlgLp›yä›yƒäÃz<îE0ZŒg
88
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
5 Y'ÑzqHZzg¢oƒ**e;ÔyzîV~惙7É›yÅwÐX�ZCÙÑw1zä–ìāqxÅZ’ZðØ,�ZÞ,œ~~ZāZyÅãCŠyzè<ØåX1zäZk¡~!*]ÃtHìā›yyzx6,4~z7áMh¸Xz{'×h+˜÷āFŠ;ÇVƈZ#z{ZLpwÐ!*CÙMñÂ
6X yzqxŧbZyÆqxä›qxÅßg]Z(g™à2
ZDwÅ5091YJ-Å÷á²~~¼ŠgD**]úc*V÷XèIÅgøw›ègÎwåÔÃ:gDyÔgzâãgDyZzgzm¸x6,4»gDyzZãîg6,ŠAYMh÷X–weZËZŒgZ£œjLLZDwÅzmV~_./z„ÅF
¼ZÃg�gVwŒVŠg`KYD÷: 7 +Q÷XóóaOì¾~%OãÃÌ™M�V Z}ø!!Z}¢{5ÿ
EGLí§yz*V!
ÂiìuZ0*8gê FILÓCÆa Zq-ā{å®Í-êGLî§#Æa)ø!X!*8-ŠgZ(
y~÷ëzíìyz*VøgZ è<Ø72@*M:~Ûg¼AÅi0+ÏìTÅc~� gfìTi~Å!*Ć»iÜ
÷Zzíz„ì÷Zzíz„ì)yz*ã”V»¸òŒ(
LL¦%æGLŠgŠóóZzgLL*ØZ!óóƉZÃg~zmx6,4Zsx6,qz~ƒˆì:
ZYhZì×IzMNä¸ñVÃ%}ZIzíÆŠw~¼„zíÌì?ßÅñgÂV~ŒìÂ}.Zì{¿zí»íÃÔCÙf¨{Š-@*ì
98
yz
yzZÒe$Æay~x6,4Zzgyzx6,4~Ãð�ÛtzZqÐi7åX›yZkÆbŠZg0™›¸rÐøzxƒMh¸X-V›âVÆ
aZµ›gc*„»ÎZwÌ:QÞÔpZDwzm¸rÐZsòrŧsM‰XªÄ-g\ÆŠzgZyÔ-g8ßZÆ_¬ÐÔZDwÃ¥xƒZāZsòŠ*~zm¸rÃ�ÛzrŠ}™-g8ZZx$ÒïGLZsðÕ}•}™**eS÷XZŠOyz*y~yzîVäÔ$©o-ê
GGGLXwÆÜsÔizgŠZgZî`HX
æ¹Xw~›âVÅZÒe$Z¹¹**ÍZg¦/g~X-g8ZZxZzgyzxÆZyZŠZâ]äZDwÅÎa»¥cñhŠc*XZDwZsxÆbŠZg0‰XZsxÆZ0+g›¸r»|x÷áïå&ZDwäzZãHXyzè<ØäÔ
yzqxÃÀŠc*åTŪCÙ~y~qx¶XZsò„ÐzZÕÆZDw䛕c*Zsò${ð
GO§rÃW,Z0+ZiÐzZãHXZsòr
Å‚zS›$hò EI>U*6»Zq-UåXZDwäZk${ðG
OgÅMÒg~Ô6091YÐ8391YJ-ÚÅX8‹0î
EE0Z¥/|Ôàâ]>ZyLzƒ43ïEGGóÔLF,ZUçóÔL�Z[“{óÔ
LågZ{óÔš~LLgñi"pŠ~óóZzg*y>ZyLL'Z5ðuzŠZzg›yóó~Zk»úc*VZÖgƒZXZDwÆ4,Šq-Z!ïGL0Ô$ÒïGLZsðc*›yxÅúËzíc*˱Å%ƒy57XZkÅúi!*yc*ZOŠ~Z¾ZnÆ�Ì7ƒðX›yxÅúpŠZsxÅãCŠ6,ƒðX›¸rZsx»jìX',RÅR6,Zsòr${ð
GO§0*ÎyÅãCŠìXZkÅ�g{mzŸs#
LL8‹0îE
E0S[M!*Šóó~ƒðX¬@R6,ZsòrZsòZ�ŠÅ¾èìXZDwZsòZ�ŠÆbŠZgÌ÷X
yzZ§6,›y{ñlgT)Zzgy~zm¸r~æƒYD(–w+gyztZzgplƒYDZzg-V7g}',R6,yz‚%ZÛA‡ìƒYCpZDwäZsxÅMzZi—ÅZzg›yâo¯**e;ÔyzîV~æƒ
09
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
™7É›yÅwÐXt!*]**gzZ7¶XZDwyzîV»h†7™gì¸X%æEORÔPZŠzZgÃgh™ÔLZq-o7åpyzîVät™™āZDw¸g]â@*Æ•}™**eT÷ÔZDwÅ”h+#¿Ñzq™Š~XZk#¿Æúc*VZò[øDfs¸:
)1(ZDwÅZsxÐzZÕ)2(ZsòrÅ‚zS)3(›gc*„Æ·Z7»$›4è
GGOE)4(ZsòZ�Š
ZsòZ§ÆtegzVUyzîV6,¤/ZV¸XZ,VäZDwГ{HÔZDw6,Z‹ZnKZzg8‹0î
EE0Z!M!*ŠÆ‘Õä O)ZDw6,ÇCVÅ1Yh™Š~X
Oç**gzZZ²ZxF,ZìVБÕä O)ZDwÃâx™äÅÃÒ»Zq-Ÿ‡ìƒŠHX3
yz;]»½7gZÖgM#3,Zí$ÕäOÅZq-�gÄ~ƒZXZkÄƉ^Zzg¼ZÃgfs~ÜKYD÷:
Ÿ»Š−ZŠ{åÂ"${ä~YVMc*? Å
Z}‘ghÆ÷á˜ÉÔYV{gzl~´ì? Å
è<ØÆ;ðVpyF,~0*ÀÏÃð Å
TÃZZVHìÂ6,Š{ìF,~**ŠZã» Å
y~ƒä?**i&ÀJ-åsi~0´ CZKÀ»g0+%æFNZ**ÔM`úi~0´Zk+Ð�ÃÚÔZ[bô
¯ÑC4èFG:g„ CZ[¾~i!*VhÍ:g„ÔZ[¾~ÃhÁ:g„Z[Š*zZßVÃyzÅÔä›Åq~#ì C
8 è<ØMÒ{YV»â»ZKyÅ}.#Öìt!*]‡.ÞÂzìāM#3,Zí$ÕäO�Zq-(,}÷á²Zzg;ðÃg^Æ
19
yz
QÌgìÔZsxÆaL{gzlóÆZÖoZEwK÷Zzg©zg‚ª6,ZZyÃ**ŠZã¹ìXZq-ZzgÄ~ZsxÃLLDóóŒÛZgŠc*ìZzgZDwÃzZ3ÅŠú]Š~ì:
MÀÃZC™áÔŠk,ܧiKÐQCÙ?Š¬MCì¸ÔpgæDÐ9āð FNLQ
4eZ˦†Zvä�ngIÔuú@·Šg4zZzg6,zW~**BMiZŠ
‰ZDwÆæZjVÆ´z{Áz÷äZ3ÿXL¯Å’k,zVÐt³Z~.HìāZyƒ~Zq-S¤œuìXy~zí6,4ÐZsò¸rZzgzWF,
ZyyzZI~ 9 Zsò„ŧsZDwÆf6^6,XäJNìÅìX\CåFZ#0Åwúc*VìXz{Zz‘ÇzV6,Ã,gìÔ`-Eg;ÆzZõe·ƒäÆ´z{¸g]Å>‡ây‚iÅœZg]»Z³ZiÌZ¹q݃ZX
Iqbal: the Poet and his Message Z,VäF',ÎVÅœÐZq-?Â[**xÐ%A$Å�7491Y~MiZŠ~иÔ÷áùƒðX02n÷āZDw
äLF,ZUy~óÆLF,ZUçóYV–ZzgF,ZUy~~ÌÃgÏZÖpYVZEwKXZ+i!*yrec¶TÐ)›ââk¸X0äz+i!*y
01 »%:ÌÜHìX0äZDwÆ${ð
GO§r6,”h+Z‹ZŸ]K÷Xyz*yÅR
6,0›âVÃyzîVÐZµ¸xâ+Æa»g7XÎZÑZòR6,ZsòZ�Šc*àZsxZixÃ{g`ZiZkyŒÛZgŠï÷XZke~0äÂ[ÆZÞ,!*[~ZC${ð
GO§Zsx7HìZzg�,!*[~ZDwÆ
${ðG
O§ZsxÐcÅìX0˜÷āúi~LL�Û‘zZge$óó7ìXŒÛMyÜs›âVÆa7ÓxZKâVÆaìXŒÛMygzZŠZg~ÅS™@*
29
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ìXZsxEZgìZzgZKã¢zgÂVÆ�psƒYìXÓxèZ<ØZq-Zzg£x6,eZË0 11 X Šg|Zq-÷XZsxZzgyz#Ö~Ãð�Ût7
äZ!í�»ZÖgHìX˜÷āLLZ¤/pZsx±Zzgg8-Å×»™ä21 ~»°uJ-»x[g;ÔpZsx›âVZzg)ÇV~×»7™eXóó
�!*]KŶZk6,0äZ‹ZnaŠc*XZsx›yZzg)›~×™@*ìXtzZu�ÛtzZqÐiì�ZsxgzZg‚rìXZsxäZ#Zq-×aZÅÂZÐz{»YV™@*?Oç›âV»yzîVÐZ¸xƒ**Zsx»:āZDw»
êìX\CåFZ#0Æ4,Šq-yzaèzm¸rÆŠ−ZŠ{÷Zzg‘Õä O)ZDwZkÆ#³÷Zkaz{yzîVÆ4,Šq-**=wID÷X0˜÷:
What ever the reason Hindus are literally imbued
with the ideals and aspirations of nationalism,
therefore, who, whether openly or by implication,
will preach against nationalism (as does Iqbal)
must run the risk of being unpopular with
Hindus.13
Oç0Å#¿»ZÝøutìāZDw›âVÅZµrÅ!*]™D÷XÆZ+]å NZzgZDwIɼŠyz*ãZIäÔ0Åcz~™DƒñÔZDwÆ${ð
GO§rÃ@½W¯c*ìXz{ZkaāZkЪÄ0*ÎyÅ
gZ{ûZgƒðZzgt${ðG
OgËz‰ÜZsòŠ*ÆZ�Š»!*)0YìX5
8‹0îE
E0S[M!*Š)0391Y(ÆgUˆXyzôAVä‘Õä O)ZDwÃÇ1VŠ~‰ÔZy~Ñ!Šb**B»**xúc*VìXe:�k',kˆT¿ä
#³ ÇCVÃdg8-gz\Šc*z{eZË@*gZPg2ϸXZ,VäœÐZDwÐÌ ZK§s 41 ’k,,¦™ÆZ¹ZDwÃâx™äžnÐZEwHX
#³’k,, ZyʼnZDw 51 pVѪZzgZ9wZ0Z‹ZŸ]»ZŸ†HX
39
yz
t÷:1XLL_Åœî0ZDw~�ÄZDwóó˜!Úø22XLLZDwZzg‡Šc*+Móó˜!LL÷á²óóZDw�
LLZDwÅfZCi0+Ï»Zq-Íóó!ÔLLZ¶KóóÔZŠ'Vŧ]ç¾� 3X)8ZÝe~»£!( Western Influence in Iqbal 4X)ZDw6,Zq-ç0+Z:Â[( Iqbal in Final Countdown 5X
ZDw#|VÆjZá\CåFZ#0äÌZNKZzgEEZ½‚]Šg`™ÆZKÂ[Ã?¯c*XŠzâVZDwÃâx™äÅÃÒ™D÷pŠzâV~Zq-�ÛtìX0äÁZiÁ�RR',ŒÛZgg¿ìXg2ÏZ(7™0*ñXZ,VäZDwÃ%æENZZzgÁâtU*"$™äÆaZDw#³Z½‚]Ü™ä~Ì$+Šc*„лx1ìXZku¤/ò»!*)tåā‘Õä O)ZDwä8‹0î
EE0S[M!*Š
7HZzg›>»‚BŠc*)ZkÆ!*z�ŠZDwÐ${ðG
O§0*Îy»Z³Zi8¢ÅÃÒÌÅZzgZ¹**»x(„ŠZyÌŒÛZgŠc*X(eZËg2ÏÅZÝ1ÔZyÆZLZÖp~Òy™äЬZyZ²Zâ]»%:7HY@*ì�eZËg2ÏäpŠ¬Z+K÷c*)Šzu}#Ũ4è
EGELZDwƬZ+™Š{Z²Zâ](”zæÐ
™CÙZñ÷Xg2Ï‘Õä O)ZDwÆ{0+ZyÔ±ÔZÜtÔè<ØÔ(„Zzg„~Z‚kƒ6,úMzgƒD÷X
g2Ϙ÷āZDw»',a±Ðm7åX¶{0+ZyÐåXîZ—VÆ;V{]YäÐÒFg~~2ƒñXZHzy!*zy‚wÅ/~¹„ÁͱÅÐ÷áŠ~™àX«ç~ZzgdWÐ**gzZ|uHZzgdWÃ%Ë]gÆyÐïwŠc*X¾ÐçA~**»òƒðXâ-kZKyZzgZˆµøzò~MyJ-2gìX‡Šc*EVÆaŠw~3,xÍgnp¸XZ%ZZzg!*Š÷áƒVÅæbuZðÅXãCŠ6,„¸X)Bzí¸X${ð
GO§pŠ~ag~
49
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Zzgpì6,FFìX(Ïù]Ðøzx¸XYgq:èQ~2¸XkBZzgp3,m,~Њ*6,YYäÅpZé¶X7491YÆO¬xÆÌz„f)ŠZg
61 Zzg¬@ZŠ[~Zy»Ãð£x7ìX‘Õä O)ZDw6,tƒZ‹ZŸ]ZkaƒñāZ,Vä0*Îy»${ð
GOg
Šc*åXZ¤/z{Z(:™D–wg2ÏZyÅZsò÷á²~Ì',ŠZ“™àYCX@*gZPg2Ïä–ì:
If Iqbal's association with the All India Muslim
league and the address he delivered at Allahabad,
advocating creation of an autonomous region
comprising the areas with the Muslims in
majority, be shunted off from appraising his urdu
poetry, which is of course hardly possible, his
Urdu Poetry does emerge as a great poetry; even
the poems and couplets touching upon Islamic
objectives do not provoke reactive response.71
Zq-Zzg£x6,˜÷:As a matter of fact the KHUDI (The self) Iqbal
enjoined upon is against the perspective of
legendary Islamic history; it is more or less
abrasive and aggressive posturing which cannot
but remind his role as a Muslim Leaguer. 81
OçZDwÃ**gzZZ²Zâ]zZ‹ZŸ]»@s:¯c*Y@*Z¤/z{›âVÆaÔ›ZÒe$Æ´V6,ŒÔZµgc*„»_c:™DZzg›>»‚B:ŠïÔTŪŠ]~0*Îy‡ìƒZX
6ZDwÅZsxÐzZÕyzîVÃ**I¶XZsòrZzgZsòZ�Š
Æ${ðG
OgZ]ZyÆa!*)¡÷ÔpZµ›gc*„ƪxÅ?m,äZ¹',뙊c*ZzgZ,VäWîZDwŠ#ÅîÑzq™Š~X7†g~1391Y»
Zkî»f™ZyZÖp~™@*ìXLLo½~ÃðyzZ¶gZ(7T LLZz[óó59
yz
äeZË™r#Ãù½™Ç1V:Š~ƒVZzgZkŠÙx§Zi~~Zq-ŠzZ,91 ZCZ&++Z¶gÌ÷á÷�Ë:˧byzîVÆik,ZW,÷Xóó
Ñ!Šb**BäL6,@*\Ô~Zq-*y>ZyLLÑày»Zq-p+u›y'eZËZDwÅø¥V6,PìÑ]óó–XZk~‘Õä O)ZDwÆa†ãÔÑZ0ÔZÛÔp+uÔiCÙÞÔ6,ƒÔßìwÔ-ÃÔ‡.ÞÐ]Ô‚Zzg**ÑëÆZÖpZEwKXZkÆ´z{–āLLt¿ZDw¾ŠgøczZµƒZ
ìXóóŠb**B'×h+qì:z{÷á²ìÔ:#^ìÔ:BzíìXz{Zq-ßìwÔßÃÔZ•ŠgZ»ï›yìXz{ZKßÃ~Ðâ�Zy
›yÃ÷UZknÅm½Šêg;ì:‹VÆ‚ñ~ë>Þ™�ZVƒñ÷'ZDwyzîVÜŠZÔZzg¤‰Üzgx
02 »H—hYìXqÑèZDwÂLLyzîVÜŠZÔZzg¤!gxóóƺЛâVÃX**
eTZzgZk~»x[̃‰Xyz*yÆ�gŠZøzgË-$I˜÷12 āLL÷á²®6,ZsxZkŠgz™åā)ÇVÆ_.!*]ÃÁ„Zh™@*ìXóó
eZË.g™×!*àäZq-îs*y>ZyLLZDw6,Zq-W~Ãóó~!*g!*gZDw(Ë 22 ZDwÅZsxÐzZÕÔZsòrZzg0*ÎyÃ@½W¯c*ìX
ÅáZF,ÃÒ™äzZßV~Zq-Zë**x�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~»ìXLL‘Õä O)ZDwÐZÏn 32 0plxVóóZy»�g*yìT»�Z[eZËÐZºäŠc*X
»Zq-*yLLZDwÆŠZ½ø»]óó–�LLÚøX2óó~÷áïìX�ÛZtäÆThus Spoke Firaq Z%ZÄZDwÅic*Š{Ygq:ÃÒZkZÚz-~Å�
ÄZyÐÔÂ!ßg]~÷áùƒZXÂ[Æa¸!*[~z{Zq-ZjŠ;ŧbî?gD÷ZzgZˆkŠÑD÷ā',RÆ›âVÆazZugZ3t
69
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
åāz{yzîVÆ‚BgTXZk»zZãÈtìā›yyz‚%ZÛAÃJw™feXaèZ,VäZ(7HZkaZ[ZyЊz4e7ZzgZ¹MäzZáÓxiââV~øg~Š#»‚o™**ƒÇX›âVÃZkÂ~ZDwäeZÑX�ÛZt˜÷:
Iqbal's poetry can produce only one impact. With
high sounding and seemingly dignified arguments
he has exerted himself to tell the muslims to keep
themselves aloof from non-muslims and make
them enemies for all the time to come. Is it not
misguiding the Muslims? 42
yzZzg›yZq-x7÷X:Z[÷:L¸XZDwŠzâVñVÃMiZŠZzgZi7,z±VÅwЊ9eT¸Xtf†¾ŠgZ\k**uìāøg~!*ÑŠ4Jw™zZzgyz*y~f?ƒ™gƒÔzg:ååÆaøg~Š#»‚o™zX¿tāZDwäZsxÅ!*]ÅXZsòrZzgZµ›gc*„»${ð
GOg7HZzgZsòZ�ŠÅSÅXZyz�{ÐyzZDwÐ
',ëƒñZzgZ%ZÄZDwÅÃ@V~µ‰XZyÅ,Ô„~Z‚kÔèIZzg(ÏZ°gXÃPó™**e;XZDw6,§Š»Z²ZxÎc*ZzgZÐ!*g!*gŠCÙZc*XZkŠú}ÃÌ@*NzZÜZgÆ‚BŠCÙZc*Y@*g;āaèZDwÅzZÕZsxÆ‚B
ìÔZkaZ¹Mùt7HYYX7
yz(„ŠZâVZzgŠZ›gzV»ZÝ@s0*ÎyZzgÛ0*ÎyìX0*ÎyÆ:©~‘Õä O)ZDw»„ì�0*ÎyÅÇZzg0*GZgãCŠìXZkãCŠÃ$zg™äÆŠz§j÷XZq-tā‘Õä O)ZDw×Zzg„~Z±gÐ�ÛzâtU*"$™Æâx™Šc*YñXŠzuZtāZDw»„~g0*Îyл^Šc*YñXZkŠzu}°6,Ì¿ƒg;ìX¼Š**ñgyzîVät!í�Z(gHìāZDw»${ð
GO§0*ÎyÐÃðm7Ôc*tāz{ZkЊSnŠZgƒ‰¸X
79
yz
Zke~Zi+zgeå\Å’k,,�go]7ÅYC÷X�ZCÙÑw1z‰ŠZÔyzgZ{úät!í�ªÄ0*ÎyÐIZ(g™1åXeZËgZ+g6,÷áŠZzgeZËZ$45å EG™ÌZKZK£?~0*ÎyС¾æ E
LZDwÆmÅÔ™D÷X–weZËYzh+ZDwLLyz7gzVÃZ0+6åāZ¤/ZDwÅ’q-0*ÎyÐzZÕU*"$ƒCìÂ’q-ÃZq-YìÃc*CZ‚kc*Ñe$ïYCìpZDwÅ’q-ÐÑWZÐË0*Z+ZgÃc*CZ‚kÐøzxgÇÏZzgƒYì
52 āw~¸ZkÅñ]»:L0YñXóóOç!*b§ŠÐ"*iƒ™yzf‚Šz”V~˃ŠHìX
Zq-f6gDytìāZDwäZµ›¸rÅ!*]Å®Zz{�Û‘6,„ì2z{0*Îy»{ÛìOçZk»Z%Zx¢zg~ìXŠzuZgDytìāZDwMùZzgx÷á²ìXBzíìZzg${ð
GO§0*ÎyÐZk»Ãðm7ìX
ŠN!*]tìāZ#Ãð)y~zm¸r»qò(›yÔ${ðG
O§0*ÎyÆ!*)ÔZDwÅ#¿™@*ìÂÃðyzZ3ÿXL¯ZÐ{ñl™ŠêìÔt!í�7™ÆāZDwÂMùf‚gnp¸X›�Û‘6,4Ð!*ÑF,Zzg${ð
GO§0*Îy»
Zy6,Z²Zx¬Z+™**ßìX,ZŒÄZyÆ�Mg„ìX9!*]tìāZDwMùf‚ÌgnpZzgZ,Vä${ð
GO§0*Îy
Ì7HXZsxÐzZÕMÃEÆo°7ìXZsxpŠMùŠ+ìXZDw�Û‘6,„Zka7¸āyz›�ÛtzZqÐiÆa�Û‘6,4ÅZ˜b„ßìXŠzu~!*]tìāZDwyzîVÆÜs˃~27¸XeZËgZ`·ŠgÍh‘Õä O)ZDwÆŠgŠZâVZzgÕŠzV»f™™äƈ˜÷:
tƒZkuJ-5ZÄB5é EGw÷āZDw›âVÆZq-‘Í-Cå GW{zí0*ÎyÆ!*ãZzgøuÔpËÃÃðZ(o]:ïeāTÅ
62 ¸X ¯6,t³Z~.HYñāz{)ÇVÐ$šú ENEEzÁŠgnp
89
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Û0*ÎyÃ$zg™äÆayzf‚äZq-ZzggDyÃÌ�ÛzrŠc*Xz{tāZDwÃx÷á²â**YñZzgx®ÆŠgZФ/ZŠc*YñXZkgDyÃ6,zZymJäzZáeZË\CåFZ#0Ô�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~Zzg@*gZPg2Ï÷XZkgDyäZ[xwZ(g™àìXVwÆîg6,eZˬP.™s˜÷āZDwƯx~èIZzg(ÏZ°gzìÑ]Åw¡U*â~
ge$ ìXZ¤/ZDwÅ÷á²~ÃZµ™Šc*YñÂZyÆ‘:ÔèIZzg(ÏZ°gZkgDyÃZ·ZÅZzgy~¸x6,„ 72 ÅŠ-Zgŧbi}�ƒYNÐX82 ›âV»Zq-¤/z{Ì�ÛzrŠêg;ìX
99
yz
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ™:°83«ç EGE~Ñ^ÅÂ[6,eZˤCÙZ}»û{�LLZ$45½ï FGH 1XZÚDóó)ßy(~÷áùƒZZzgT»F,ÀLLQgŠz,-g--óó)5Š‹(mZÆ',1002Y
~÷áïìXLLÂ[Z:óóQgŠzF,À¦ZûZÔZÅ©{5ÿ
EGÔуgÔ8002Y 2XX™4 The Emergence of Pakistan 3X
fZ!ÔZDwZzg¯ñ0*ÎyÔZi¦†ZßZuÔ!ÔâÓâÔ™ZcÔZ6,s4591YÔ™01 4X™051fZ!LLZDwÙÏóóZiZuŠZgQ~Ô™32 Towards Universal Man 5X
™734ÔfZ!LLZDwÙÏóóZiZuŠZgQ~Ô Glimpses of World History 6X™42X²z•ZDwÔ™171ÔZDwÅZkŠzgÅ÷á²~ÆZgD**]øwzmx6,4 7XÅ,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:LL²z`ZDwóó,]721@*871Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔiâ::�Ûzg~9291YÔ,]881Ô911 8X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ_Åœî0ZDwÆP6¥cÔ,]872@*282'' 9XeZˆZväú@·Šg4zZzg~**BMiZŠÅ
+Bh4èG
GELZDwÆZkU»f™Hìāz{ZDwÃxLyz*ãó÷á²t™D÷X
eZË0äZDw„ÆZyÄ~ Iqbal: The Poet and His Message 01X%âVÅàg~Š~ì:
qZDw(,ZQ3+0ìð!*ÂV~ñ{©8ìC'ËÌ÷á„ÌŸVÆŒ~ì
ŠOCÆ!*±VÅf6,e$~ìeZË0ät${ð
GO§Zsxyz›�{rÃe¯äÆa7HXZL 11X
ºmò£œÆa»x™ä»hZLaz{Y,™Mh¸X‘ÕäO)ZDw»Ìhåā›yxÃyzºÐXäÅÃÒ™DXÑ!Ñ83ï EFGgZñ˜
001
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
÷ā~ä*¸iâ{~ÔZLz‰Ü»9zZsò@*gõZzgZsòZ2Æ_¬~ÜsHìZzgZkÐTË6,àƒVz{tìāyz›Z�ŠZq-Z%õwZzg**‡.Þ¿ÚìXZôm,zVÆ£«~ë�ƒMh÷p
/g~§iÓ#ÖÆ_.yz*y~ÂÄÓ#Ö‡ì™äÆaZ(Z�Š**eÃM@*ìX)’q-0*ÎyZzgÜ÷fÔaŠO~ÔZ£,]52X62(Ñ!Ñ83ï EFGgZñÆñ�ЪCÙƒ@*ìāeZË0»Z0+Z¯„|IZ:7
²ZDw»Z0+Z„ZsxÆ_.åXÂ[èÃgÔ™024 21X31X
~g2ÏäZ}iÛ~ÅLL}.z{ÁZDwóó» Iqbal in Final Countdown 41XÜāŠg`HìXgZ¶äZkÂ[»Y,{LLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óó~7HìXZkY,}»â°tìāÎZñZq-ŠzÆZ}iÛ~Æ]Z‹ZŸ]ß÷XVwÆîg6,ZDwÆzZ−¤/ZòÃZš~Ô–ìX)™2(tÜqßìX 51XfZ]0*]ÆyzZ:t]Æ!*)š~»ÂZEw™Æg2ÏäÔZLiø~ÔZDwÃâx™Šc*Xg2ÏÅßÃ~ÃZ·ZKÆ‚BÎîÌ»:™eXZyZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{ÔZLZL£x6,ÔZ‹Ã~1ŠHìX 61XÂ[èÃgÔ,]12Ô42Ô52 71X81XfZ!LL§]ZDwÆP—ÍÚóó%û·Ú{Ãgz¹Ô™234X 91XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔÂ[èÃgÔ™5348‹0î
EE0S[M!*ŠÆÜsyzZIÆYgq:gœè¿Å 02X
'×h+¬]ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:LLZDw»(Ïóó%û·Ú{Ãgz¹Ô,]712@*782Š¶ÔLLøg~i!*yóó5Š‹Ô51�Ñð3991YÔeZˆZh»*y>ZyLLZDw 12X
Æ™ŠZg6,Zq-**gzZúóóLLZDw6,Zq-W~Ãóó˜!L)~ZŠ[Ô�Ñð0991Y 22X.g™×!*àÆPZ½‚]Šg`fs÷:
LLz{)‘ÕäO)ZDw(Zke~Zq-.e$„q-g{ÔözŠZzgïÛ7™ä~8ïENGYD÷z{tāoÅãCŠ6,x»${ð
GOg!*ë
ìZzgxÜsè<؄ЇìƒCìXóó)™52(LLȨ̈bƒZZDwäZk£x6,)Y+$ŠZgZ:DZzgZKã„
ÅgZ{Zq-ŠxF,u™Š~Zzgëè<Ø›âV„Ðic*Š{ÎîÆik,ZW,101
yz
¸xZzgzí»Zq-Zâ3,F,ZleZÑT»"gâÎZñè4ï XELZsxÆZzg¼:åóóX)™72(LLè<ØÐzZhxÆ${ð
GOgäèI¯6,yz*yÄ™zZeZÑXZk
Ãb»ZkÐic*Š{‡]**u(ϳ÷áh+„ÃðƒXóó)™03(LLyz*y~›ZÒe$zZá´V»0*ÎyÆ**xÐZµZq-o»z�ŠZÏèI´uÏ»(ÏR6,.e$„ß»g**)ìXóó)™13(
�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~»*yg‚!LLM`ÀóóŠ‹ÆZDw�ÔâÞ7791Y~÷áùƒZ 32XåXZÐLLZ°góó™ZcäÌâÞ87YÆÑg}~÷áùHXeZËÐZº»*yLLZDwÙÏÆiZzbóó~÷áïìX
Ô%û�]6,»lØtÔ™67 Thus spoke Firaq 42Xi0+{¥zŠÔ¢ÎxÔ™501 52XLL‘Õä O)ZDwÔZy»zgXZzgZyÅÃ@*„Vóó˜!LL„ZDwóó£Ñ]©gM!*ŠÇgÔ 62X%ûeZˬÝp0+÷~zeZËo+Ô™521L_·YZDwÔ£Ñ]ZDwd-+õG**g~Ô™511 72X
,ZzgY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLÜs÷á²c*®ÌóóDƒŠzxX 82X
/'/'/
201
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
!*[ 0*vZV
y~x6,„›y‘Õä O)ZDwÔ·Z�CÙZzgZ1ZæxMiZŠ�,œ~ÆM�y6,ƒqƒä
zZáZsxÈyÆŠg+{F,+*g}¸XZDwä1191Y~Q!ï OGL0ÆZzgZK"é÷á²~ÐizZwz§Š»Dg 1 ñçq6,Z¥/|»Ò~[7,JX
›¸xÃËZg™**ÑzqHX·Zä0191Y~L»%i+óïÑXZ1ZæxÆLZ'wó»M¸i2191YЃZX·Zä9191Y~ÜÄ’q-ÑzqÅ�¹(,~’q-¶XZ1ZæxMiZŠZk~7g~§bÑq-¸XÜÄZzgF,¿ñZÑ]Å’¹‚B‚BáXŠzâVÅù¦ªŠ]Ç0+SÆ;B~¶XZkŠzgZyZôm,Š#Æ_.!*]Ã�Ûzrq݃ZZzgyz›Z�ŠÅ÷~gzZe$‡ìƒðX2291Y~
ZkЛy¹â-kƒñZzg 2X Ç0+Sä’q-Æ{8»Z´y™Šc*yz›YŠZ]Æ!*)Z�Š»${ð
GOgÌKŠHX·ZZzgZ1ZæxÆgZ5Ì].Z
ƒäÑXZ1Zæxä3191Y~Lx[Zvó‡ìŶZzgA$ÐZyÅZâ#Ö6,z{LZâxZ:ÔàCeT¸pÂt¶ā·Z�CÙZy 3 ³»ŸYg~åX
MiZŠäZâ#Ö»ìwF,u™Æ{Ø(Ï 4 ƃÐ(,}wp¸XgZ3ZC1Zzg»ôkÆaKÆgZ{úîV~Zy»ÑgƒäÎXZ,VäZ#
5 «%û»ôkÆZ°kÅœZg]ÅÂZyÅ/Üs53‚w¶X‘Õä O)ZDwä’q-ÜÄ~u¤/xz:1ZzgF,¿ñZÑ]õ${ð
GOg
HXz{yzîVZzg›âVÆZ�ŠÆqòp�{y~rÆ#³¸X¥/| ÜÄZzgF,¿ñZÑ]Å�{’q-�{y~rÅŠZrâeZwg„¶XZ
301
’q-Zôm,Šz4»1¶p‹]ñ;ãZzg·Z‰"$ŒZ¥/|„Æ6,zgŠ{¸XF,¿ñZÑ]Ågz~·ZäZ¥/|Æ£«6,Ye‡ìÅTÆ£œ
Ì YeZsðŧb‹Z!ñy 6 ~yz*ã�{r÷áï¶XZÏŠzg~‡ìƒðZzg�{y~rÅbŠZgµXZµ›r»${ð
GOgZDw
äZKàâ]>ZyLzƒ43ïEGGóÔLF,ZUçóZzgL�Z[“{ó28‹0îE
E0Z¥/|Zzggñi6Š~~7HåXZDwäzŸs#Åā›r»Z®gzíÔ±c*ZOŠ~Z¾Zn6,7ìÔpŠZsx6,ìXtMzZi»ŠZzgŸi¶ZzgZkä›(„»gc³™Šc*Xy~QgŠz4,ZqÆ!*)u¦äÌ›¸xÃyzxÐZµ${ð
GOgH
åXt!*]ZëìāZ¥/|-Eg;›¸rÅbŠZgZzg’&ëGL0*Îy»%œ/²Ye�{y~r»"gµXrÆZ6,·ZäZDw6,WÅX·ZZsòrZzgy~¸rŠzâVÆbŠZg¸XXr6,ñÑ**æãZzgZDwÆâÎi',Š„cāMgZðƒðXZ1ZæxZzgZDw»',ZÓgZ„”Zî:
qÑè{Øyz*ã¸rƃ 7 ƒZXŠzâV(,zVäZkÐU·ÅXÐ(,}bŠZgZ1æx„¸XZ,Väzu‹ZŠc*y»!í�Z(gHZzgZkÐ�{y~¸rÆ${ð
GOgþe$àðXñÑ**æãZÚMÐ7YMh¸X
8 Z,VäZsòjZ!lHZzgLxÐtæÜóÃ�{r»�Zi¯™7HXZsx¾qwZyÅi0+Ï6,qz~åXñÑ**·ZÅ]4©5Àö
IGEGYLZsxÌË—zµÐ!*ÑF,¶X@*ëz{ŠzŠZ],zVÆZ§ÔZq-ZsòZzgŠzuZyz*ãXZ,Vä
Z1ZæxMiZŠÌZk§b 9 ZKMy~½k,)0391Y(~¸!*]ÔizgŠ}™½XÅ!*'™D¸pZyÅ(„ZyÆè<Ø6,qz~ƒ_¶XZ,VäŠg|${ð
GO§rÃ)Š´ãCŠzV6,Z2ZgHZzgƒÐ(,}Ü÷›y
gZ{úÆîg6,úc*VƒñXZyÆZq-cz»gāZd˜÷:Z’ZðŠâV~Zy»ÚøŒÛMyÔug$ZzgZsxÅxgzZc*]
401
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Z¦ZŠ гƒZåXˆ~tßg]7g„XZ[Z,VätaZ™àā{Ø(Ï)b6,gc*W™Dƒñ)¢zg~èIrÔÐsÙBXgCgCz{)Š¸rÅÃc*C
Ð ãCŠzVŧs(,_−‰Zzg›âV~Zkƃ01 ZëF,)y0‰X
211 Z1ZæxMiZŠäyz›Z�ŠÅSLZ'wóƬ6,d~ÌŶX
@*ëz{Šz¸ñVÆZ�ŠÅ!*]¶�¾qwLyz›�{rÔÐZìXA$Z1Zæx£òzm$©�î EG
0ÃÆÜsZzg¬KZsò’q-Æqò¸XOçZ'wÆZZÆðh}²áÔpZzŒÂòÃÔZq-â~˜÷:
M`Ãðzmc*£ò’q-›âVÃÃZ+{7à$Ë'Z#J-ÓxŠ*ñZsx~Zq-ÎZÑZòZzg¬K’q-7ƒÏÔ
21 i}ÆgLgL•}›âVÃHÃZ+{àMh÷X72ZÆ',4191YÆZ°µ¬xÔ®x®Ô~æ[™DƒñZ1Zæx
ä¹:t',ZŠg~)›xc*$ÒïGLZsð(}.ZŇìŃðìXCÙZKy
»ZŒÛZgHÔZk',ZŠg~~÷áHXpZ{ ² Ÿø]ôÖFäø]ôŸ] TäÝ^~ƒpZ{**+>.ç
JEGc*»z“ƒÔpZ{軽c*CF,uXpZ¤/
z{›ìÂZkZq-{0+ZÈ©»āìT»yZ**Ë{mzíZzg£xÐm7g‚rÉÓxŠ*Zk»zíZzgÓx~Zk
31 ųm,÷XMÐ^™Z1Zæxäzm£ò$©�î EG
0ÃZ(g™1X}.ZŇìŃðZsò',ZŠg~ÆOñyz*ã¸rÊg]»ZTÞêŒÛZgŠ}Šc*Xtp~
501
y~x6,„›y
Ç0+SÐ5‡])0291Y(ƈMðX0491Y~»ôkÆœgÅwÐZL\~¹:
øg~DÙZg',kÅœui0+ÏäZq-�{r»‚™eJwŠc*ìXZ,‚‘¯ñ7YMhXz{Šg]Æ—;ðVÐpŠlŠ¯™D÷XZ[t‚™eR[ZzgëÅ$Zk6,µ_XëI™,c*:™,1Z[ëZq-yz*ã¸x0`÷X´uÏ»Ãð¯zKÇøg}ZkZq-ƒäÊz7¯YX…Šg]
41 ÆŸ6,gŸqƒ**ecXyzZzg›yDÙZg',kÅœui0+ÏÆ!*z�ŠZµZµ¸~‰X
Z1Zæx»!í�Šg„7åXŠg„Ãtz„å&ZDwä7HZzg6091YÐ8391YJ-ÚZkÅMÒg~ÅX‘Õä O)ZDw»t»g**)ìāZ1ZæxMiZŠZzgñÑ**@Z£æã‰Z»',Ü÷f»HÂhŠc*Xy~›âVäZyÅ!*]gœ™Š~ZzgZDwÆÃbÃZC1X0*ÎyÅ?m,Z#»ôkäÌâyàÂZ1Zæx¹â-kƒñZzgZ#ÔZyÆMy~–g}Ç0+SäÌZk?m,Ð
51 Z·t™1ÂZyÆœóÅZ•:g„XL{0+ZÈ©óÆaZK]ÂZ**×VÜs™ÆZ1ZæxÔLZâxZ:ó0
�·Z™Zx 61 Mhpz{ZsxÅ�™äzZà]„»Zïg™äѸXäZ1ZæxÆzW_¬Ô!ÃÔf;-$ZzgèI�lÅ°pÅìXz{˜÷āZy~èI‰h+Å‚g~&¬»ñ�Š‰pZ¹Z•ð—~6,)‚:ƒZXz{÷á{zàZv6£xqÝ:™nXZkÅzzZ™ZxäpŠZ1ZæxÅi!*ãÒyÅìXz{tāLL(Ïi0+ÏÅØg/Zzgdi0+ÏÅ.Zq-
Z1ZæxÅ!*]Šg„ì@*ëZkZFÅZq-zzZzg 71 i0+Ï~¦7ƒ‰XóóÌìXZ1Zæx¬KZsòr»${ð
GOgF,u™Æzm¸r6,ÆZƒ‰Zzg
601
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ZsòZ§ÆaZKZ¦ZŠÃ 81 ZyÆ$©�î EG0Ãän�°Zix»gZ3ûZgHX
z�™Æz{÷á{zàZv»‚£xqÝ™MhpZKczs(„ZzgZsò„~ÝwÆ!*)ZyÆŠ´%¥ÃüàÔŒVJ-ā®Æ›âV
91 äZyÅZâ#Ö~úiÏ7,−F,u™Šc*åX‘Õä O)ZDwäÔ',ZÓgZ„ÔLZ1ZæxÃ@½W7¯c*åÔ:Z1Zæx
äLZ(HX·Z�CÙÔZDwÆæZbZzgZgZŠ]qp7g~§bZDwÅcz~:ÅÉzm¸rÆ�l~ZDwÆÜsÔPˆŠv}Ô0*õp}É™÷áù™ŠbXY!œî0¯ÆZ3ÿXLDzŠZøä·ZÅgzZe$ÃÔZq-uJ-Ôi0+{g3ƒZìZzgZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]»ŸÈ7ƒZXñÑ**æãÃtZqÐiqÝìāZ,Vä‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜsZq-g‚!>ZyLL�{rZzgZsxóó
"HT~LL�{róóÆaZsòŠÑb�ÛZë™äÅÃÒÅXZkЬLLc¶î0Š+zzíóó»M¸iƒ[åXŠ-È~ÝÆz{f�ñÑ**æãÐZgZŠ]q~Æ!*)ªÄ0*ÎyÅ#¿ÃÌgzZgnp÷Ô‘Õä O)ZDwÃJWzZ‹ZŸ]»¶K:¯Dgì÷XZ1ZæxÆZW,Z]fÉy~¸x6,„›âVÉyzîVJ-zW÷XZy»¸g]Å@*gõ~ÌZq-£xìÔZ¤/pz{œgc*zik,ZW:¯ñ‰Z%T§b‘Õä O)ZDw»‚{÷á„KуgÆU~ìÔZϧbZ1Zæx»'×ZgYìKŠ‹Æ‚tzZµìXy~x6,„›ygZ{úÅwÐZy»™ŠZg%œ/~åX
Z1ZæxMiZŠÔ·Z�CÙZzgñÑ**@Z£æãÆZW,Z]',Z',»x™gì÷Xy~zm¸rÅ×e$Zzg‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜsîYg~ìX�{rÆqò0*ÎãfÊØZg-V»‚oìXŠgZÝZy»ãCŠ~XñÑ**æ㻊ÃqìXZDw(ËÅîZÏzzÐYg~ìÔZ%¸g]~¸x6,„fZzgŠZ›gy~x6,4Ågz~ËYD÷XZDw6,Zy»(,ZZ‹ZntìāZDw
701
y~x6,„›y
02 äyz*yÅ„Zzg0*ÎyÅú»f‚¯c*XñÑ**·Z¹_.!*CZKy¸X–wñß~†Z/z{ZÔ„ŠZzg
)©àZz™s»ù·¸Xz{¹›ZzgZôg™äzZáp‰Zz‡]fgZÏ!*]6,ZkŠgMv$уYD¸āŠz4Zzg›¤t6,ŠO~g{YC
‘Õä O)ZDwÃZCZ*Šâ…ZzgZyЛ™DpF,¿ñZÑ]Ô 12 ¶XXrZzg‚WzÆ£…˜õÆK~ZDwÃHz!Z‹ZŸ]»@s¯c*X·ZTgZ56,−ZkÅ2wâ-ÏZzgpZg~¶XZÏaZ¹ZCgztpsÌ™**7,ZXÜs‘Õä O)ZDw„Åù]¶�Šg|›âVÆ»xMðXZ,Vä›âVÆ£tÆDÆ%yzîVÐZ�Šz¬zyÅ×e$
L:ÅXZsò,ZzgZsòrZyÆãCŠ~Ãc*]¸XÅZDwäi0+ϽMÒg~ÅXz{f[ŸZZxÅf†Ðp[zZ�¸Xâga0291Y~Z#·ZÜÄ»zÆá™-g\‰Â‘Õä O)ZDwäÜÄÅ¢ZðÃ
Oç‚]â{Å**»xÃÒÆzÆzZ:MŠHX 22 @*gõÐM’»hZyŒÛZgŠc*X›âVÆa’&ëGLÜÄèIX¶pZkŪŠ]Ç0+SÆ
;B~MˆXZk§b›úZxÇ0+SZzg»ôkÆŒÛd$ƒñXÇ0+SäZkÜÄZzg 32 ’q-~÷áz{ÃZ+{ZVc*�ËZzg§bqÝ:ƒYåX
F,¿ñZÑ]Å’¹‚B‚Bg„‰XñÑ**·ZÔF,¿ñZÑ]Æe~ÔZ¥/|îu™Æуgã@*āZsð»ÒÃÈ™Zc*Yñp‘Õä O)ZDw'×Z3
Zkgzb6,·Z”]Ð2nƒñZzg 42 ƒñZzgF,¿ñZÑ]ÃN*wŠc*X52 ZDwÃ"¿ŒÛZgŠc*X
·ZŠz‚wÅ{¦/Zggì¸ā�Ûzg~2291Y~Ç0+SäÔ’&ëGLF,¿ñZÑ]Æ{8»Z´y™Šc*Xy~¸x6,„›yJZW~7,‰X·ZwZ»^™ãÐ!*CÙMñÂ4291Y~»ôkñÅœZg]ÅXt
801
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
pyz›Z�Š$zg7,YäÐZy»izZw 62 ZyÅ(Ïi0+Ï»²z`åXÑzqƒ[åX4291Y~F,ÃVäÜÄÆ{8»Z´y™Šc*ÔZkзZÅ
w'×h+OW,ƒðX–wxZ*yœjLLZkgºÆ$zgƒD„·ZÅ72 (ÏwÌZkuJ-$zgƒäÐāßvZyÐP}»ˆ[â`ÑXóó
F,¿ñZÑ]Æ{8ƈyz›YŠZ]Ñzqƒ‰XуgÆ#7291YÆYŠZ]Æ‘Õä O)ZDwä›âVÃ!*g!*gñz·ÅSÅX·ZäZkÅ°pÅpZ#‘Õä O)ZDwäZOòÇzV6,yz*EVÆOñZôm,ZfzVŽg~»_cH·ZÅ’wZxƒXL¸x6,zg~ó)y~x6,4(
Æ�l~‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜsLLgŠóó~ÔPˆŠv}Ô0*õp}÷áù82 KXZyp}~ZDw6,Zôm,Šz4»Z²Zx¬Z+HŠHX
ZDwäZyp}»Ãð�Z[:Šc*p6Šc8291YÃZsð»Òуg~Zq-(,Z*ƒZT~ZsxÅ›+M6,·ZäZq-6,@*|½k,ÅXZkZ°kÅœZg]‘Õä O)ZDwäÅXZy»¿œZgC[ÔZq-Z±gÐÔ·ZÅ
y~¸x6,4»�Z[åXZDwä¹āZsxäZ�ŠÅãCŠgzqãgº6,g¿ìX÷~gZñ~Zkz‰ÜZsxÅ‹Z�ŠzZgnoÆaƒÐ(,~'×Z3¸]'Z5ðrìXZkaZK+MÆF{ŠñV»�Ûnìāz{'Z5ð
92 ¸rÅ'×ZØÊzg™,X1zg7g»gƒð›y7gzVÆZq-¤/z{äZkÅå×e$
ÅXZ1ZæxZk¤/z{~÷áï¸XŠzu}¤/z{äF,Zçàg™Z**e÷X»bZk¤/z{~¸XŠZ¤/z{g7g^»#³åXZDwZk~÷áï¸X%œ/~ÜÄwäÌg7gÚŠ™Šc*åÔ@*ë·ZÔ»ôkÆ‚.œgÅwÐMw0*gú»Ð÷®~Ñq-ƒñX1zg7gÆ#³¤/z{äŠc8291YÆZzZy~ÔŠ‹~ÔMw0*gú›»Ð÷ÂÅXZkЬ®~Ô
901
y~x6,„›y
Mw0*gú»Ð÷~Ô1zg7g^7ƒ_¶X·Z�CÙZ#F,ç7™gì»ôÏZg»yä9}ƒ™Z¹{ñl™**e;XñÑ****gZnƒ™Š‹ã
ZzgMw0*gú›»Ð÷~÷áXZ[z{»ôkÐ$+Šwƒ`¸XOç0391Y~Z#»ôkäÎw**�ÛâãÅ’q-ÑzqÅÂZk~Ñ•™äÐI·Z�CÙ䛢ŠZ]ÆDÅJ-$e„XJ-$:BÂÎw
tgzt‘Õä O)ZDwÅÕiÆ_.åX 03 **�ÛâãÅ’q-ÐZµgìX«Íwö»Ð÷ÆŠzgZyÔ91âÞ0391YÃÔ·Z�CÙäÔZKi0+Ï
ÅMy~½k,ÆMy~¹:˜VJ-Z©Ä}.Zz0+~ÆOÑä»mì~ZÍwÌ›yƒVÔŠzxÌ›yƒVZzgMyÌ›yƒV'p˜VJ-yz*y»ÎZwì'~ZÍwÌyz*ãƒVÔŠzxÌyz*ãƒVZzgMyÌyz*ãƒVX~Šz',Z',ÆŠZ],zV
13 Ðmg‚rƒV�ë%œ/7X·ZÅ™~t!*]:Mmā�{yz*yÅMiZŠ~Åßg]~
ŠzuZŠZ],{¬ŠZ],}6,qz~ƒY@*XZ©Ä}.Zz0+~6,fZCwпƒ@*ÔZsxÅZ½¦é]',zñ»g:M$ËX)Z¤/pZå,œ~ÆZzZbJ-n0*ÎyÌZkÐøzxìpŠ2g~ZvÅxZãðƒ_ìX(‘Õä O)ZDwZq-ŠZ],}Ƈb¸XZy»!í�tåāŠzuZ)zƒ43ïEGG6,4»(ŠZ],ÓZsxÐ
$©�î EG0ûtZ%s·ZÆqñVÑÕä O)ZDw6,WÆa 23 ƒŠxƒ@*ìX
MâŠ{™@*g;ìXñÑ**æãÆcz»gÌZL!í�þe$àäÆaÔ33 Z1ZæxMiZŠÆ´z{Ô·Z�CÙ»jZ!7™D÷X
4ŠDÔZôgZzg¾òÆZ±gÐñÑ**@Z£æã»%û¹—
011
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ìX›>Ðå3ƈZ,Vä»ôk»‚BŠc*ÔZzg�{zm¸rÆbŠZg0‰X†g~8391Y~œg!*iZgŠ‹~Zq-HÐæ[™DƒñÔZ,Vä¹:
ñ�Š{iâä~~Zz¤yÐk�÷X±c*è<ØÐ7ÒfXŠdZàyÆ…zZáƒZq-¸xÑgKYD÷ÔqÑèZy~·Š~Ì÷Ô¾ZãÌÔ6,zÁÌÔÅÌÔ
43 ¸qwZ%MÔY0*yZzg�ÛZ÷z){»ìX‘Õä O)ZDwäLLZK/»ÛZsòrZzg$Òï OGÆZsò$©�î EG
0ÃÅZ,VäñÑ**æãÆÒyÅF,Šh+izgŠZgZ0+ZiÆ 53 =ôz±~¦/ZgZåXóó
‚BÅ:iŠ-È@Z£Z,p1Z
Å™B-ö EEZ„! Y~i0+Z0+gñ¯Š,zg:p"¸i£Ä·²!Z„ uzŠ',açLŸaāIZizíZ„
63 Z¤//Zz3,¦~Óx1Å;-ö XEZ„! '.{‹§õ EEW',‚Vp÷gZāŠ,!Zz„¥xƒ@*ìāQßvŠ#èGELZsxÅ|ÐZÌJ-" F,À:÷Ôzg:tùeåāŠZgZ‰xŠ-ÈÆu',Z{Ÿa6,Ö™Z´y™DāxÅãCŠzíìXt!*]x‹·-ZvmzÅКµ"~êCÙ™CìXpŠÃ@åŽÐMÙ™)Zzgzm¸r»ÃtZ(g:™(zg:$ðGN7g~§beZ{ƒYñÇXZk§bXräŠz‡&ÿELZ�Zx−VÆâÎZq-cÆÅ^Z(g™àXtzZu]8391YÆ÷XZkŠzgZy¼zŸ¬»ñÑ**æãäXZzgZq-cāMgZ*y‘Õä O)ZDw»÷áùƒZ�Z[LL'Z5ðuzŠZzg›yóóÆÄZyÐL£Ñ‹ZDwó~÷áïìXñÑ**¤ß]äÃÒÅāZk4,Zq»
111
y~x6,„›y
{؃YñZzg‘Õä O)ZDwñÑ**æãÅ7ic™s™Š,XZk~z{»x[ƒ‰X‘Õä O)ZDwÅzÃ]ÆLZgèÈsió÷áùƒðÂèÃg{ZÃgZk~ñ�Š¸XñÑ**æãÌL�{rZzgZsxÔ**òg‚!%A$™gì¸T6,ZDwÅ
Zk~Z,V 73 zÃ]Æ!*)»xgzuŠc*åp9391Y~ZÐ÷áù™Šc*XäZL!í�Å'×h+zŸs#ÅXaèy~zm¸rÅ×e$Zq-Â[Åßg]~ŶZkañÑ**@Z£æãy~¸x6,„›ygZ{úÅ
wйúc*Vƒ‰XZkg‚áÅZ’Z~z{âÂ"$Ì÷áïìÔ�ñÑ**¤ß]äŠzâVZ»',ÐŶX
ñÑ**†Z°æ²X»²!k¤ß]åÔŠ-ÈÆÃgrZ−Z,Vä¬ñÑ**æãÃâ–X)ZkâÃ}.ZYäYVL�{rZzg 83 ¸X
Zsxó~÷áï:HŠH(ñÑ**æãäZkâÆ�Z[~z{!*'ÉŠ,�Z,Väœg!*iZgŠ‹ÆH~½‰XtLLzŸs#óóÌÅāLL~ätCÙ¦/
7¹āè<Øz$Òï OG»ŠZgzæZgzƒ43ïEGG6,ìÔt!*ÇZíZZzgŠVìXóóñÑ**ätÌ–āeZËZDwäIZzgxÃáZŠs™™Z‹ZnHìÔ�ßìXñÑ**ätZ‹ZnÌHāeZËZDwäßZ¶g~6,z"}ů6,LLuzŠ',u
93 ŸaāIZizíZ„ÈŠc*óóXZzgZke~Ãðï:ÅXñÑ**æãäZkâ~zZãîg6,�{zmrÅSÅX�ÛâD÷:®ZZ”¢zg]ìāÓx!*°ÇyoñHYñZzgZkÃZq-„gº~ݙƻx!ÆyZy~Ç'×y¯c*YñXyz*yÆZÁÜZzgºtÆaÃðg_0î IG0Z�ŠS�{¸rÆ7ÔTÅZ‚k¡zƒ43ïEGG„ƒ$ËìXZkÆ´z{ÃðŠzu~q7ìX¸zzìā»ôkäZ’Z„Ð
04 ZkZ%ÃZLZ¾Znz£œ~ŠZ4HìX
211
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ñÑ**¤ß]ä‘Õä O)ZDwÆ**xZL¯[~ñÑ**æã»tZëZ½kv.s™Šc*ÉZyÆâÆÓxZ,Z0+gZY]v.s™ŠbX6,ZDwÃ
âÆMy~ñÑ**¤ß]ä‘Õä O)ZDwÖ: 14 Z‹ZnƒYåXtñÑ**)æã(Žk,Æz{Z½k÷Ô�÷}4,Šq-¢zg~¸āM\ÅÃЦ/gYNÔ˜VJ-÷ZìwìÔñÑ**Å7ic™sìZzgM\ÅÄ»Z‚kß6,z"}6,ìXM\Æ4,Šq-ÌZ¤/ñÑ**"]gƒVÔÂ$!*ã�Ûâ™ÔZK¬àø°Å¯6,ÔZ¶gZ]~ZyÅ7ic™s�ÛâØÔzg‹Šv=ZLìÑ]Ði�ÛâØÔ@*āñÑ**Ð'×h+„™àYñÔøg}‰*iq�ŠzâV|Z]Æo]S÷ÔŠzÍ:gôz±Z[~2÷XQyìā!*z�Š°*ZÁ:Æ…Zk
24 zg†î0ªZãÐï%~M›gØU*"$ƒVÐX‘Õ)ZDwä¤ß]Æ**xZL�Z[~–:ñß~™r#ät��Ûâc*ìāM`À~Zz¤yÐk�÷ÔZ¤/Zy»°ŠZyZÖpÐÜsZq-Z'çLzZ§ÃÒy™**ìÔÂZk6,ËÃZ‹Zn7ƒYÔYè�Ûā(„»ÃtZ¨~Ì=wƒg;ìXZ%Z¤/Zy»°Štåāy~›yÌZkÃbÃJw™BÔÂQcÅRö!*¹g{YCìÔYèËÃbÃZ(g™äЬtŠN¢8¢zg~ìāMc*z{ZsxÆ_.ìc*o°'Z¤/èÃg{!*ÑZy»Ñz„ì�~äZz6,–ìÔÂZyÆtg}ÃZLZZyZzgŠc*-$ÅgzÐZsx
ÅgzbZzgZkÆZ‚ÏZßßVÆÜsY}ƒVÔ÷}4,Šq-Z(tg{ñß~™r#Æ÷ác*y÷áy7ÔZzg›**Èy
311
y~x6,„›y
34 ÅeZ„»!*)ƒÇXñÑ**æãä¤ß]Æ**xZLŠzu}â~–:~²n™g;åāñ�Š{iâä~~Zz¤yÐk�÷ÔtZkiâä~Yg~ƒäzZàÃe$Zzgf†ÅìÔŒVt7¹Y@*ìā?ÃZ(™**ecÔìZ¶K7ìÔ¾**÷ätg}Ãf™Ì7HÔ:Z%ZzgZ¶K»Âf™HìÔQZktg{Ã
44 ïw¢8¾ŠgtìXzm¸r»tg{ÂñÑ**æãäŠc*å)¤ß]Æ**xZy»ªâ
LZ»g~ó~÷áùƒŠHå(@*ëZDwäZK¬àø°Å¯6,)TŵZzgpZé¤ß]Ã̶(8iïELfsÒyYg~™Šc*�82âga8391YÃgzi**)LZˆyó~÷áùƒZXZkÒy~‘Õä O)ZDwäñÑ**¤ß]ÅpZéāLZyÅ7ic™s�ÛâØó7g~™Š~XZDwä–ā:
ñß~™r#ÆZkÒy~�Z¶gLLZ»g~óó~÷áùƒZÔqgzfsZÖp÷:®ZZ”¢zg~ìāÓx!*°ÇÈoñHYñZzgZyÃZq-„g~ݙƻx!ÆyZy~Ç'×y¯c*YñXyz*yÆZÁÜZzgºtÆaÃðg_0î IG0Z�ŠS�{¸rZzgÃðg7ÔTÅZ‚k¡¸)zƒ43ïEGG(ƒ$ËìÔZkÆ´z{ZzgÃðŠzu~q7ìXZyZÖpÐÂ~Œāñß~™r#ä›**ÈyÃtg{Šc*ì
'âÆqgz!*ÑZÖpЙsªCÙìāñÑ**Zk!*]ЙsZïg™D÷āZrVä›**ÈyÃ].h+ÛrZ(g™ä»tg{Šc*®Z~Zk!*]»Z´y¢zg~&ƒVāíÃñÑ**ÆZkZ‹ZsÆËn»ÃðhZy
411
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
54 6,Z‹Zn™ä»7gLXóóZϧb‘Õä O)ZDwätX¬àø°ZzgplZ|!Æ‚Bi™Šc*X
ZyÅzÃ]ÆñÑ**æã»g‚!LL�{rZzgZsxóó÷áùƒZÂZk~LL�{róó»tg{ñ�ŠåÉ�{rÅS!*g!*gizgŠZgZÖpŶXLLxÐtæÜóóÐZk»Zsò�ZiÌ�ÛZëHŠHXLLZgèysióó÷áùƒðÂZk~ÌèÃg{ZÃg÷áï¸X�c»ƒ¶z{Šz!*g{ÑzqƒZzg@*qwYg~ìX¼Š™xÈDäñÑ**æãÆèIŠÑb»�Z[–XZ1ZÑdñŠzŠ~äLL�{rZzgZsxóóÅF,Šh+~Zq-ÂLLXróóÆÄZyÐ÷áùHXZ,VäñÑ**æãЊgpZ„ÅāZKtt™BZzgªÓ:(„ÃZsòeJw�ÛZë:™,zg:M\Å’k,,�0YNÏX�Z6¦ñŠzŠ~Å
64 ’k,zVÃ%iZáÐic*Š{ç**uŒÛZgŠc*ŠHXy~›âVä¸rÆK~ñÑ**æãÆOñ‘Õä O)ZDwÅ
cz~ÅZzg0*Îy‡ìƒŠHXñÑ**æãäyzîVZzg³VŸg]¤/~Š@pZKtt:ÅX¸zzìā 74 Zzg»ôÏÓ#ÖÅ"gq»‚oÌHX
ZyÆqòÔZyÆŠÃq~Ô‘Õä O)ZDwÅ#¿Yg~gǃñ÷XZy»t&½0î G
G0¯x0ŠHìāLLñÑ**æãä¸x»ÂZEwHå:āI»óó'LLZDwäšïIZizíZ„»Z²Zx¬Z+™Šc*óó'LLZDwäZKtÅç°â8-à¶óó'ñÑ**æãÆZyZgZŠ]qqñVÃZˆk„7ƒ@*āz{ge$ÅŠ-Zg6,9}÷XñÑ**aZ°ÝÎZC»ŠúòìāñÑ**æã»ÒyZzgZDw¢ÅÄ7,|™eZËZDwäZCÒy÷áù™Zc*āíÐzZªtƒð
ìX=ßâ¶XZ[ZÝ|í6,¢ƒìXZka~ñÑ**æã84 Ðç°»pZ„ÇgƒVXQyì=ñÑ**™r#çs�ÛâNÐX
ZÝ!*]tìāñÑ**æãÆZq-qòZzgZgZŠ]qñÑ**¤ß]äÔñÑ**æã
511
y~x6,„›y
ÆaÔ‘Õä O)ZDwÐZ+ZzÏn»Òy÷áù™zZc*ZzgŠzu}qòzZgZŠ]qñÑ**ÎZCäZÐLLç°ÅŠgpZ„óóŒÛZgŠ}Šc*XñÑ**™xyÅï»t£gZ\k**uìX
ñÑ**@Z£ÎZzgMЉ÷XZ,VäZDwÃZyÄZ~÷áïH¯!*‹�ZÑsxÆ%A$ñÑ**ÜZ−+Z&k 94 ìXÅŒÛMyäè#ÖÅìX
˜÷āëeZË™r#ÃZq-÷á²Zzg…Ðic*Š{wŠ¶ÃѦxBZDw(ËÅZyÃ@VÆ:©~ÔªCÙìāÔLL“}43ïEGGL�óó»g�ÛâìX 05 ÷X
Ü÷›yiqZzgfyzîVÆ;ðV‡ÚuZ�xЊzegƒñX–weZË·;ÖŠzZðZq-§sZ¹ZLëèÖVÅ#¿»‚o™**7,ZZzgŠzu~§sZyÆyz»ôÏgNZyÐ!*kx"Z²ð',-XeZËZ»g~
%ZgYe(ðä 15 �»ôkÆœgÌgìÔZk"Z²ð»DgƒñXZ1ZæxMiZŠÐ.e$ŠZzgŠg“Ÿ~¹āLLM\Å(yz*y~7
–w 25 0*Îy~ìZzgTŠg¢M\−YNM\Æa4ƒÇXóó6,zW!2.çIGZ/LLZ&+c*z4,�Ûi+xóóÆM,]ÅZ÷á®)ÆñÑ**MiZŠÃLL�Û‘6,„óó
ñÑ**æã 35 ¹ŠHZzgZyÆâèÆCÙÒyÃÑ^»îgZU*"$HYg;ìXлôÏÓ#ÖÅ"gqZzg"ZZC»f™‡è·iZ@Z;äLLlZr·óó
45 ~HìX5
ñÑ**;Z{y»çn#Å©ïEGLZDwÆø»]ÃK~¹æŠŠêìX›>Æ@*ŒZ°k)6091Y(~z{Ñq-¸XŒÛZgŠZŠÑƒg)0491Y(Æe~ÌZy»Z뙊ZgåXZDwz;ÆgD**]z£œœu¸XŠzâVZq-Šzu}ÆæZbZzgŠz„¸X7291Y~÷á„Kуg~‘Õä O)ZDwŽk,ÆŠzgZyq¢+äØgîc*ÂZDwäZyÆ_."Å°p™D
611
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ƒñ½k,»™Š~X;Z{yäZK½k,ÆŠzgZy2¤ÆgzbÅè#Ö™Dƒñ¹:
H~M\вn:™zVāM\äeZËZDwÆ—gøqÅìªZyŽk,ÆŠzgZyZ‹ZnHXZDwå›yZzgC¬ÔgÎwì'Zk6,MzZi,—ƒNāëeZË™r#Ðmg]eT
ZDwÅzÃ]6,; 55 ÷XtøqË›yä7ÅXä¹:
yy¸ld÷āZDw»%**65 ZsxÆu6,ìª#Ö»¦/g**
¸ñÑ**;Z{y7291Yƈ1391YÉ7391YJ-‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜsÒy!*i~™DÔZÃgñizV™DZzg°;]ÆÄZyлݙ~zsÃMD÷XZkÅzzMyHì?
‘Õä O)ZDwÂ8291YÐ7391YJ-z„¸�7291YJ-¸XQz{%æEN})Zôm,zVÆ»�:ZzgMiZŠ~ÅGÅŠäzZá(ùƒ‰?zzŠgZÝtì
āpŠ;Z{yÆ(ÏgD**]ZŠs$+sgìX].ZÇ:ZN[Ô‚WzZzg1zg7g^ÆçA6,ZDwZzg;»(ÏZ%såXZkZ%sä#¿
ÅZ(g™àX‘oZN[Å×e$~;ë÷:ZyøâyaçLOZiwÆìw~ZsxÅìÑo].ZÇ:ZN[‘oZN[Ãàg™z
75 ƒD„gZòZkƃQJYNÐs[‚WzŠzâVÆâΔh+Z%s»!*)¯XZDw»ìwåā
711
y~x6,„›y
Z¤/zÛâVÆ!í�ÐMÇ{:HŠH›yvL~g÷ÐX;Z{y»ôÏ$©�î EG
0ÃÅ×e$™gìZzgzÆ!*§^Æqò¸XZyÆ4,Šq-zÆqòu»gÆ»�:¸:
zЬzy™äzZátÂ�ÛâNāMyZkp÷áæ»,ZyÃz{HŠ}Ç5³]AÏÃyÏZy»�ûVÃ
85 z{¾u{[Æ6,ZyÅI8~Ί}Ç‚WzÅ#¿~»ôkÔÜÄwZzg»b>�‰X;Z{y
�ZÌJ-»ôk~Ì÷áïÔë÷:izZwZsñV»ZkÐ(,|™ZzgHƒÇ
ā�Zy»åz{Zôm,»ZDwƒYñÜÄÔ»ôkZzg>»ZktHì
95 āæZyM�ÈcÅCÙewƒYñ7É4�Ûzg~8291YÅZq-Ä~ZDwÃg‡IÔMiZŠ~»#³
ZzgxŤ8e1äzZÑŒÛZgŠïƒñtiCÙ**uZÃg¾:â8-™Zx[Ðg‡I~Å—ZwGMiZŠ~ÅÅŠ~¾äÔuZDwäÈgì¸eZˬÝtZahÐ
06 ¸xŤ8e1Š~¾äuZDwä‚WzÅ#¿»:LtåāZk~Ãðyz*ã÷áï:HŠHåX
zik,yä9U¹āyz*ãæ',+pŠÃð.Š2gYV%A$7™feOç1zg7g^»gƒðXyz.îg6,ZkÆqò¸X›ygZ{úîVÆ&¤/z\0‰XÜ÷›0*gKäg7gÅ×e$ÅXZk~;Z{yÔ
811
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
»b>äF,ø7XqšŠ 16 Z1ZæxMiZŠZzgeZËZ»g~÷áï¸X™Šc*ŠHX%œ/~ÜÄwÔ›>Zzgуg>ä1zg7gÅ#¿ÅX
Q0a»Z0+Zi{ìā1391Y~;Z{yä»ôkÐZ±Š}Šc*Z¤/pyz›Z�Š»‚iZyÆ;V@*Šk,¬g;XøDèfsZÃg5Šc0491Y
Æ÷:Z¤/�»ŠwMYñÇ0+SYÅ~Â)zVÅÝòÐzíMiZŠƒYñgzZŠZg„»ïÆCÙZuqg~ldƒV
26 CÙZuK�Z[zk,ZyìM!*ŠƒYñQ0a˜÷ā›iq~ÐÜs‘Õä O)ZDw„Z,Šh+{zg¸
36 XÅŠZ$øEI
LZZãäyzf†ZzgZkÅŠZxù~ÐLŠð»:3c*XÆgZ56,MDMD;Z{yä»°z‰Ü1XZ,Vä5391Y~ ‘Õä O)ZDw
ZÏ‚w›>Æ 46 X ‡ìÅ&7391Y~›>~晊c* ó L>Z�›I]6,%œ/~‡ây‚iZÔÆgÁɃñXyz(„Æ!*g}~Zy»
$©�î EG0ÃZ[$+wŠHåX71m7391YÅZq-½k,ÆŠzgZyZ,VäyzîVйā›âVÃ_ÆZgZŠ}Ð!*iMYîXZ[z{ŠzòÃbÅ%æFNizg×e$
’q-0*Îy~½7gz1XZke~÷á²~̃C 56 ™äÑXg„X‰ZÃgi!*yiŠ{mz¬xƒ‰XZq-ÄZzgZq-^qŠg`KYD÷:
C¸g]~šNŠz„Â÷Zu‚zg™ZuÇ0+SìZuÑ^»¸ÖìZu(ÅQÀM0+Sì
66 ³xøgZTÞ7Y0ÆgìÇ0*Îy Å
ñÑ**;Z{yäy~¸x6,„›gZ{úÅwБÕä O)Å#¿
911
y~x6,„›y
ÅZzgZy6,§b§bÆZ²Zâ]¬Z+Kp0*ÎãÅgÆ�Zzg’&ëGL0*ÎyÆgZ{úÅwÐZDwÃi',Š„yZ•d7HX
MiZŠ¸g]~ÔÜ÷›yÔ‘Õä O)ZDwÆjZáÐÔ\»Dg÷XyzŠZ›gzVŧbÔZyÆÌŠz(,}¤/z{÷�Zq-Šzu}ЄŠŠú}™D÷XZq-¤/z{ÛrZzg${ð
GO§0*Îyů6,ÔZDwÃÔJW»
@s¯@*ìXŠzu}¤/z{»Šúòìā${ðG
O§0*ÎyÐZDw»Ãðm7XŠNp‡Úußg]qwZkz‰ÜaZƒCìZ#Zq-Ü÷›y(,}mZtÐZDw6,�Û‘6,4ZzgL$©o-ê
GGGLoóÆjZáÐ2nƒ@*ìZzg
ÃðyzZ3ÿXL¯ZÐìÂh�Z[ŠïƒñqìāZDw6,èI�Û‘6,4ZzgI~Å×e$»Z²Zx"ãCŠÔeZ{ÁZzgcyìZzgtāZDw»${ð
GO§0*Îy ´uÏ
ÐÃðm7ìX‡èDZ°Ý;×»Zq-—M}*y>ZyLœā�RzgXZzg
ZDwó�Ûzg~6991YÆÂ[úÔ~�gLZ÷ágtó÷áùƒZXz{˜÷āLL0391YÆŒÛd$Z#ZDw¼²āÆayz*yÅi(„~ŠZ4ƒD÷¤/z„ÖZzg�Û‘zZge$ÆߊZ],zVÐò™Zzgœā�R÷Z_Å0*òã™äÆOñÔZL„~µ"Æ�›âVÆZÒî´ºÑwf!y~Zq-MàsZsògc*„ÅyÆZk**]ŧsZ÷ág{™D÷'ZkªÓ:»ggzZðÆË~7g}',R~ZK+M¾¾§bÛ~sVƒðìZzgƒCgìÏXZ¤/øg}÷á²ætÃpZ[~ÌZk»ìwMŠHƒ@*Âz{Üs¦S¦S÷á²~™DXZLÇÅèñx(„
~¤/ëƒäÔèI�Û‘6,zg~ZzguÏI~Åqï7**:ÂVÅ×e$Æ76 :Li0+Ï»�u¯÷áh+z{M`Šg}Zƒ@*Xóó
Zk*yÆ�Z[~gZx6,»lÁgLL_Åœî0ZDwóóÆÄZyÆ�
021
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
˜÷:�Ûzg~6991YÆLLÂ[úóó~Ô6,zW‡èDZ°Ý;×™r#»Z÷ágt7,|™¹Z\kƒZXÉf6ÃăðXM`À‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜs™ZzgZy6,$©o-ê
GGGLoZzgZkÆ}òÅf)ŠZg~eZ%
Æ‚B‚BZy6,›ãCŠ6,4ÃZŠ¶ZzgZLÇÅèñx(„~¤/ëgƒäÔèI�Û‘6,zg~ZzguÏI~Åqï7**:ÂVÅ×e$»Z²ZxÎ仪¼ic*Š{„ƒŠHì'
‘ÕäO)ZDw6,tZ²Zâ]Zzg{mîg6,LLèI�Û‘6,zg~ZzguÏI~qï7**:ÂVÅ×e$óó»Z²ZxuZu"ãCŠÔeZ{ÁZzg ÅcyìX'ß.»È‘Õä O)ZDw»0391YÆ›>ÆSÈîWM!*ŠÆZ°k~Šc*ŠH8‹0î
EE0œZg]ìXpZk[~
‘Õä O)ZDwäMiZŠ0*ÎyÅ7ÉZ&++8gcÆZ0+gZq-›ZÒe$Æß/Åz»ªÅ¶&Âhñh™ßÍVäMiZŠ0*ÎyÆ${ð
GOgÆîg6,7™Šc*XMiZŠ0*Îy»${ð
GO§‘Õä O)ZDw86 ÆŠârÅZ37¶ÉZôm,ÅZq-ew¶X
0*ÎyÅÃc*CãCŠÃ)L™äÆat!í�»gMæìāMiZŠ0*Îy»${ð
GOg‘Õä O)ZDwä77HÉtZôm,Åew¶XZk§bÅßÒEV
»Zq-Ywwc*ŠHìXOçyz(„ŠZâVZzgŠZ›gzVÅcz~~y~¸x6,„›yÌt!í�ZCgì÷ā‘Õä O)ZDw»${ð
GOg0*ÎyÐÃðm
7XZyy~¸x6,2V~MwZ£uzgÔ¡@',ãZzg¼ŠŠzu}ŠZ›g÷áï÷XZyŠZ›gzVÅMgZ»f™™äЬZq-y~x6,„›y¬Ý»E+™{¢zg~ìX»‘Õä O)ZDw6,tZ‹ZnìāZDwä$©o-ê
GGGLyZzgªÄ0*Îy
»${ðG
OgŠc*ZzgtZDwÅßgZ{úð¶X
121
y~x6,„›y
ñÑ**z©Z−+{Vä(,~®ZŠ~ÂÁZzgÂa‘÷ZzgZyÅZyÆŠzp}6,Ô¸g] 96 £?¸g]Zzg0*Îy~¬xîg6,Šø7[÷X
~ÔZh{àcƒðXZyp}ÆÄZ**]øDfs÷:iâ:ÃT#/õ EG'ozÛzyoÆ›âVÆ 1XZ0+Z„»Y,{XZDwÅ÷á²~ÐZ#ÖFÐéƒðc*7? 2XZDw»gZ32wÅY+$„:åX
Zy’k,zVÆ�Z[~¼Šp}÷áùƒñXZDwZOò©gM!*ŠÆg‚áLZDwg--ó~ñÑ**Æp}Zzg¼Š�Z!p}ÔâÞ5991YÆÑg}~÷áb‰Xz©Z−+{V¬*y~˜÷āZÞ,œ~Ðá™�,œ~ÆM¸iJ-›Š*~ôzVÅ®ZŠ~›‡Z++Q`X~Zq-qœuìZzgz{ì(ÏZMZgÃÐic*Š{ZÌŠbX)wZ−+ZjãÔ†Z°ÝZÈZ=Ô¦ÚÔ‘Õä O)ZDwÔZ1ZÑdñŠzŠ~ƒÆƒ(ÏZMZgÃZëF,+qB¸XtzZãîg6,›ªŠ]Åf6?0+ÏÅ´#ÖìXZyßÍV»f‚Šz§igZ®)~¯Zzgz{ZK„Êz§ÅJ-:ànX›âVÃecāZ%O·Š-VÔyz*ã0*g±VZzgZ&+zkÆKVŧbZOŠ~F,¹6,ÂzKzw™,XZktg}Æz©Z−+{y˜÷:
ñÑ**Yn¢ãÔ‘Õä O)ZDwZzg›·Z»bZ¤/Zk|ÃY…Âz{oÅ„ÅL×e$:™DYè)Ëyz*y~›âVÆatñµåāZq-7g}%æEOLZW~z{CÙnÅ(ÔZOŠ~ÔôDZzgŠúCu¤/xVYg~gÄò„ÆË~z{ƒ‰ZzgZyÓxxZzgzWZk**]Ð8øzxƒ‰XZÏøzòÅ7~Z¹�qBz{ÜsŠzgLgL
221
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
07 8�î EO0Zgè~özŠ(ÏZMZgåZzg'XŠzu}*y»Z!xZyÓV6,ƒ@*ì:ZÝ|tìāZDwÅgZ{úð„Šg„:¶XZ,VäTgZ36,¸xÊzhZc*z{2wÅY+$YäzZÑgZ3„:å·�
',RyÆ›âVÆ)b»i'ZBÅ„:åÉpŠ›âVýzF,¹ÆgZ5~MÐ(,J**å'ZDw»R
17 ßgZ{úð»Rì:āgZÉðÃJw:™ä»RX%æEOxÔ‰özŠZŠzZgÐsÃÔLZq-o7g;pyzîVÅ
§by~¸x6,„›yŠZ›gZzgfZkzZã|ÃÃZ0+Zi™Šï÷XñÑ**z©Z−+{VŠzu}Ü÷fÐMÐ(,|‰÷XZ¹‘Õä O)ZDwÆ´z{)wZ−+ZjãÔ†Z°ÝZÈZ=Ô¦ÚZzgZ1ZÑdñŠzŠ~XË™Š{gZ{Š3ðŠï÷X|tìāZOŠ~Zzg(F,¹ÆZk**](ÏZMZg)MiZŠ~(Å$+zªic*Š{gz׃D÷X"3™-.ç FGEELZsxäæÜ~MiZŠZsògc*„‡ìŶT~!*ÑŠ4ZvÆZ©xÃqݶXZsx»tZ½¦(ÏÂxMiZŠ~Æ%',zñ»g7Ñc*YYZzgZ¤/MiZŠ~ÅÃðzw7ìÂÎZwtìāyzîVäZkÆa].z4YVÅ?
MwZ£uzgu™Š{Q*ŠÔ—0*tÕŠÔ�gŠZøzgZzgczsZDwÙk÷XZDw6,ZëÃÆ%A$z'÷XZy»cāMgZ*yLLZDwZzgZkÆNuóó«%û8391Y~ÔLQgŠzóZDw�~÷áùƒZåÔ@*ëz{¸g]~yz›�{rÅúzy~u¤/òŠ3ä6,6gƒ‰ZzgZkÚø~ZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]ÌKXz{‘Õä O)ZDwÃ${ð
GO§0*Îy»{ÛCD¸p',ã
ÅWƈZC!í�ps™Šc*XLLŠZ›gZDwóó~ZDwÃ${ðG
O§0*ÎyÐÑmŒÛZgŠc*ìXZDwÆZsòrÆÃbÃy~rÅ~eJÜ
321
y~x6,„›y
õwì@*ëZsxÅÔZL$©�î EG0ÃÆ_.Ô@*zsÐÔ¸gC›âV~�{
¸r»6,egHYYìZzgMwZ£uzgä¸HìÔOçZq-(˜÷:yz*ã›yZ#yz*ã¸rŧs(,_÷ÂZy»Zsx»${ð
GOgZyÆ‚tŠ-Zg0™9ZƒY@*ìXZka…
zZã™**ìāÇZsxr)y~¸r(Æ�Ûzr~Ãð27 ç{7&X
MwZ£uzgzm¸rÃZsòr6,F,ߊï÷Xz{r»Â„ÆsV~ZEw™D÷ZzgÔZKŠZ›g~ (Nationalism) zm¸r
ÆizgÐÔrÃZsxÐÃëCD÷:M`Š*ŃÐ(,~¤‰Üì'ZkŠzgÆf‚Å ¸rJrì'Zsx…Šzu}èZ<ØÆâ+zZßVПiZzg´u{™@*ìÔr…ZyÐ5Cì'¸rÜs'ZBÅ%ƒy57XZk~@*gõÔ�d$ÔZOŠ~¢ŠÅzu]Ì¢zg~ìZzgƒÐic*Š{uöÆZˆkÅX~è<ØÐ7ÒfXzíZzgZkÅœu@*gõz�d$
37 Ðk�÷Xuzg˜÷āLLŠgZÝZDwäâg¾Å§b¸rŤ‰Ü»7gZ7gZ
Æe~Š¢ïGOGèÃлx7 (Nation) Z0+Zi{7Hå'ZDwäÂV
XrÆe~MwZ£uzgZDw6,!*g!*g2nƒD÷Zzg!*g!*g 47 1XóóZ1ZæxMiZŠ»!í��gjZ!7™D÷X}Zq-£x6,˜÷:
t¢zgI7,@*ìāZDwä'Z°uzŠc*zƒ43ïEGGc*¸rÅ]ZzgZÌÐZïg™ÆtÅXZDwäZk|ÃÃZ0+Zi™Šc*
India Wins Freedom[ TŧsñÑ**MiZŠäZKÂ
421
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
My~Z÷ág{HìªtāZÍAŠzœ-VÃgh™ZsxL Æ57 ‚g}›âVÆa%œ/Z�Š70eX
MwZ£uzg»Z˜tìāZ¹tDe$Ììāyz*yÆ›yZLëzlVÐ�ËŠzu}è<ØÆcz÷Ôf6îg6,ZãŒÛd$7æ
ZDwÆÛZsòr6,WZzg 67 Šzu}”VÆ›âVÐ÷X¡¾æE
LZDwÅÑ6,—yz*ã¸rÅZ2Zg~Æa¢zg~ìw™D0*Îy 77 ƒñMwZ£uzgZDwÊZ›gÂâ…÷Ô(,Z®t7™DX
Å„~ãCŠ6,yzîV„ŧbúMzgƒD÷ZzgÎZwQVD÷āLLHt!*]ßìā0*Îy»z�Šyz*ã›âVÅ»zlÐic*Š{f!ZEg
ZkÆ‚Bz{têÌ 87 6,2VÅZq-(ÏÅ»%ƒy5ì?óó‹D÷āZDwÃ0*ÎyÆÃb»{ÛI÷}4,Šq-97XZk
uzgä»bÆ**x‘‰ZDwÆèoà 97 !í�Ãz{!*g!*gŠCÙZD÷ẊuIZŠc*ìXŠZ›gZDwÔÆZ’Z�~˜÷āLLZyèoÅZÝ
08 }Šø7[7Xóó¦¡@',ãZëoš6,Ã,gì÷XZk~¼Šß1VÅ
Íg3,~÷áïìXZyÅ"LBzíZDwóZyÆ\LZDwZzgò¬óÅF,¹c*CìXŠâd~',ãä–ìāZkÂ[Æfg)yz*yÆZŠ!z„~âjw~ZDwÃbw™äÅÃÒňìXLLBzíZDwóó4891Y~÷áùƒð²¸g]~ZDwœ~½â]Ô(,}eä6,Ôƒ_‰XZkЬMiZŠ~Ƽ²āÔ6,zW~**BMiZŠäÔZDwÅbàÆaÔ}ç ILZDw»yz*ã:©QY¤/™**ÑzqHåXz{˜÷āyzîV~¬xìwtåāoÅ„Åf)ŠZg~‘Õä O)ZDwÆ8‹0î
EE0S[M!*Š6,ìÔZk6,zWMiZŠäZDw» 18 zzÐZDwÃÔ{ñl§jÐÃZ0+ZiHYg;åX
521
y~x6,„›y
g${ðG
O§0*ÎyлUÅÃÒ7ÅZzg:ªÄ0*ÎyÃMwZ£uzgŧbÔ@*ëZDwÆyz*ã:©ÃÔoƒ§jÐQY¤/™ 28 LLtóóŒÛZgŠc*X
ÆÔ¸g]~ÔZDwÅbà~Z뙊ZgZŠZHX¦¡@',ãäÌZDwÃLLbwóó™äÅÃÒÅìpZDwÆ${ð
GO§ZsòZ�ŠÃ%æFN�Ûd$QyŒÛZgŠ}
tyz*yÅu»g~0*Œ 38 ™Zzg${ðG
O§0*ÎyÐZDwÃÑmªCÙ™ÆXìXZÝ|z„ì&~**BMiZŠäyzîV»L¬xìwó¹ìX
6,zWāZ/Å"LLZDwÔZq-›(Ï®óóZyÅ™ñZŠ~Ôâ{Íä%A$™Æ6991Y~÷áùÅX6,zWñßsÃMwZ£uzgÆZÖp E~Ô~LLò~¼ŠcIzVäZ6,s0991Y~ZZ™1ZzgQZyÅi0+Ï»
ZkZ\k**uzZîм²ā¬Z,Vät!í� 48 lZrÉ™Šc*XóópIZi,ÔgÔZDw»g 58 7Håā0*ÎyZDw„»${ð
GOgìX
¸ÅZ¹¡¾æ ELZDwÅ 68 ${ð
GO§0*ÎyлUÅÃÒ™DgìX
Ñ]ä6,MâŠ{™CìXz{Šúò™D÷āZÝZDw÷á²~~7Ôh]Zzgèo~ìXh]~ÌZÝZÌz\ÔZ¿ŠÔÅìXZk\ÐZyÆèIìÑ]ªCÙƒD÷XZyèIìÑ]Ãf**I™D
ZvZví]ÕäOX 78 ÷XZkЬÔZϧb»Z+ÑwÔZöŒZ£äHåXZyÅZôm,~Â[LLZDwÔZyÆ(Ï${ð
GOgZ]agZì6,óó9791Y~Z¥/|ÐÔ÷áùƒðX
Šâd~˜÷āZDwÆÝlZû÷pZyÆ(ÏÒ**]ZzgŠÑbÆa÷á²~Šg„fg=7ìX)${ð
GOgZ]Å(LLÒ**]ZzgŠÑbóóÆZÖp
Ññ÷(ZDwÆ(Ï${ðG
OgZ]ÃKÆaZyÅ�ŧsg�q™**ecX)÷á²~',§s(�~(ÏìÑ]ÁÁ7ƒñ÷)Z(7ì(Zkaå$4jè FEÆ**xèoŹZÌìX)!*¹â0+{�Ìñs(ZDwä
621
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Zyèo~${ðG
O§0*ÎyÔ/ge$Ôè<ØZzgyz*ã(„6,Á™ZÖgìwñç¬] HìX)${ð
GO§0*ÎyÔ/ge$Ôè<ØZzgyz*ã(„6,ÔŠzu}
ŧbÔZDwÅQgŠzÃgÏ÷á²~ÔQgŠzZzgZôm,~�øwp}ÔèoÔh]ZzgÒ**]ƒÃ7Ãg¢zg~ìX(
¬!*[~ŒZ£äå$4jè FEÆ**xZDwÆ&èoÆZ½‚]7K÷ÔX~Њzu}â~ÔZDwäÔZKS[M!*ŠÅ?m,ÃLL›ß"Åðóó¹ìX7g~Â[Å"»!*)ŠgZÝZDw»¸]ì&L5ÞŠ]óÆîg6,7HŠHìXŠzu}!*[»ÄZyLL${ð
GO§0*ÎyóóìX
ŒZ£äZDwÆèo¯xå$4jè FEÔ8‹0îE
E0S[M!*Š)0391Y(Zzg8‹0îE
E0уg)2391Y(ÅãCŠ6,t³Z~.HìāL0*ÎyYóZDwÅ7¶Xz{Üsyz*yÆZ0+gZq-›ß"Å?m,¶XZkŠú}»Y,{LL${ð
GO§0*Îyóó
)ƒXgx(~1ŠHìXPœjÅ"LLZDwYŠz¤/y~5,ZŠóó0891Y~÷áùƒðX
�VÆîg6,�†ZØŠgZzg·Z�CÙÆp}÷áï™heÆ!*z�Št¿ÏÂ[ìpZk~ÔZDw6,Ô{™2Ÿ:ñZŠ¦HŠHìXPœj
Ü÷„7Z·ZÅf‚Ìgnp÷ÔZkaZDw(Ë»_./ŠzM$pî GIƒŠHìXZ,VäïÐic*Š{ZK¾nz¸e$Ã7Ãg3ìZzgZyZ¾ZnÆ”wÆaºmw1Vлx1ìX}˜÷āZDwÎœp
PœjÆ 88 psiŠ{ƒ™ZkÐÑWªCÙ™Š~ÉZkÅ#¿ÅXŠzu}ó}òøDfs÷:
98 ZDw™CÙ~,Æâ´¸X 1XZDwZzg(Áz÷Zq-„iâä~¾ëÆŠZxZ¿ 2X
09 ~¤/ëgƒñX
721
y~x6,„›y
19 ZDw:…Ô:ÑqÆâCÙZzg:i(„ŠZyX 3XZ�Š-VÆ8jè EIELì~Ñq-ƒ™Ä‹**Zzgæ[c*q 4X
29 ',¤66,4»o]ìXÜÄZzgMiZŠ„yÅœā’q-~z:ᙇu 5X
39 I}X49 8‹0î
EE0S[M!*ŠÔ0*ÎyÆ${ð
GOgÐ!*ÇZåX 6X
yz*y~Ü÷›y¹÷XZy~Õ1~÷áï÷Xq‘Õä O)Õ1~¹Y@*ìXZ,Vä®-Eg;~Ô61âÞ9791YÃÔ
ZDwœ~½â]ÆZ¶kZ°k~ZDwŦk,ÅÕ[¤ðŶXÕ1~äZL\ÆŠzgZy¹ā~pŠ÷á²~~ZDw»czƒVp
ZyÆŠzòÃbÐZ%sg‚rƒVXZÐyz*y„Æa77g~Š*ÆaiCÙ**u&ƒVX~®~ZyÆîŠxÃaxaxƸg;pèIz(ÏwÐ~Z1ZæxÆæg`î0L„»¤DƒVXZDwÅ÷á²~~¸òo�Û]»š/zZiCÙìÔZq-iCÙÞ‚,$Wâgg;ìÔZkÐZL
59 f~VÃeÎZØ7XZkЬÔZDwÇgÂ{~~Z,VäLLŠzZDwóóÆÄZy
Ð*y7HXZk~CD÷ā®ƒäÅwÐZDw»ƒÐ(,ZxtìāZ,VäŠ*~Ôè<ØÅãCŠ6,ÔZq-¸rÅúe„X)y~¸x6,„›yÔyzîVÅMçЊÙ÷ÔZkZÆ!*)Õ1~ÃZq-ZDwŠzZDwÃMD÷X(ZDwç÷á²ÌìZzgMù÷á²ÌXç÷á²Å
wÐz{kB»ZzgMù÷á²ÅwÐZð»qòìXZDwàz‰Ü¾ÏZzggzÝ»÷á²ìXZDw~§ŠìX…ZkZDwÃÃZ0+Zi™Šbec
69 �¾Ï»F,)yìX
821
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
MiZŠ~ƈ0*Îy~Ü÷›âVÅÕi$+wXMiZŠ~Ьz{�{yz*yÆqòZzgªÄ0*ÎyÆ#³ÔZ[´‡ðÔ—ãZzg#t]ÃZŠ¶ÑXMiZŠ0*Îy~JjîyÔ�ðŠ÷Zzg@Š÷
ÆÈ}´‡ðÔ#Zzg—ããCŠzV6,•ÑzqƒñXæ¹0*Îy~zmz—ã¸r»f‚yz6,zWzVä»gHXf!0*Îy~uu~Ç0+SÆgzbÐ)]aZƒCg÷XZ1ZæxZzgñÑ**æã‰Ü÷gZ{úîVä
79 0*ÎyÆh~®Ð*î0í¹XZ1ZæxMiZŠZPx0*ÎyÆaŠ¬Í0‰XñÑ**@Z£æãä0*ÎyÃKÐUŠïƒñ¹āLLKZ#J-:
pMiZŠ0*Îy~ 89 ¶Z%sHYYìpZ#z{0ˆÂKìXóó�{yz*yÆqñVäLLJjîyóó»È{—HXZ,Vät!í�ÌZ(gHāMiZŠ~ÆaŒÛ!*ãëäŠ~Zzg0*ÎyZkÆË~‡ìƒZXMiZŠ~ÆaŒÛ!*㊶»ŠúòŠg„åpz{ŒÛ!*ã�{yz*yÆaŠ~
¶ZzgZ#»ôkä„yÃt™1»ôϪŠ]Ãt£Šc*ŠHāZkä99 …ƒ-VÆMÐeZwŠc*ìX
Zk~—7ā@Š÷yz*ãYg¢AÆ!*)‡ìƒZZzg¸gCzik,ZWZ0+gZÇ0+Säìƺ~ŠzòÃbÃUXw~¾t™Š¶Å!*]Å@*ë0*ÎãZ3ÿXL(„Ìæ¹0*ÎyÅ“Æf)ŠZg¸X
Zzg 0*ÎãxZâVä0*ÎyÅÃc*CãCŠzVÃL™äŧsÂz:Š~¡¾æE
LZDwÅgzÝ~MiZŠ~Ô)zZ]ZzgZpé]‡ì™äÆÑÃ:1eZwŠc*X${ð
GO§0*ÎyБÕä O)ZDwÆ„~gºÃ$zg™äZzgs™äÅÃÒ̃ðXÑpZ−+ciZŠ{‰u»g~ŠZ›gzVä${ð
GO§0*Îy7™äZq-™r#ä–ā 001 zZἊ™xy~БÕä O)ZDwáZq-Cc*XZ*Z}ZÝZšã‰ 101 ZDwÃ${ð
GO§0*Îy»{ÛŒÛZgŠb@*gõÃ*™**ìX
921
y~x6,„›y
gZ{úÆZk!í�ä„~Z_Og~ZŸ†HXZq-xo&�1V»éàCåiZVÆ¥s~MŠHX
Z,ZFqÑ]~Ü÷)oVZzgZ�ÛZŠÃÁÉÆñZµXgìXVwÆîg6,L�|ÃZR,àó~Z,p}÷áùƒñX~0*Îyâo™äzZáCÙKÅ#¿ÅˆXÝx@÷á{ä‘Õä O)ZDwÔ‡Z+ZWÔ
Zk¿ÃQV™%œ/~zik,½ 201 ZsxZzgQgŠzi!*yƒÆÜsiCÙZ]ãÅX301 ¯Šc*ŠHX
031
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
¬xîg6,8‹0îE
E0Z¥/|»‚w0191Y–ƒZMìXZû„käZLñâ¤/Zs>Zy 1XLLu¦ÔZDwZzgZ¥/|óó~Zk\Å@*gõ9�Ûzg~1191YCðìX)™83(Zû„k»maè£ZgŠzÔ›-Eg;Z¥/|ÐìZzg¡Ò3ï
EGF6,MwZ£uzg
ä–ìāZû„käZXk¦/^ZzgŠzu}fgZùÐtñZŠZ‰HìZkat@*gõÔ„CÙÔŒÛ+ªk¥xƒCìppŠMwZ£uzg»Šúòìāt8‹0îE
E0#0191Y~Šc*ŠHåX)×zÃÔ¢6Ñg{1(ãCŠ~â~.»jZ!Ëä7Šc*X¦Œgc*n˜÷ā5�Ûzg~2291YÃÍgÄ7gÆŒÛd$ñäagZag~~ 2X»ôk»āk�Xåä~12»j¸ZzgZq-ƒZ5åXākzZßVäZzgZk
&A.˜õ Eä�ākÆ‚BƒŠHåÔåä~MvΊ~XåäƃMŠòV™%‰X!*KMŠñVÅh•’&ëGLF,¿ñZÑ]Æ{8»!*)0ˆX)0*Îy**¦/k,åÔ™421(
¬]ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ6,zWāZ/»*y>ZyLLx[ZvñÑ**MiZŠÅZz! 3XV ƒ§]»Zq-zgtóó˜!LLZ1ZæxMiZŠZq-!�,óó%"0î GOEgæZ−+{
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLˆlzóógæŒ{VÔ™92 4XZ1ZæxMiZŠÔZq-!�,óó',]95Ô58 5XYeŹãÔ™51ÔfZ!LLZ1ZæxMiZŠZq-»©_·óó‡Ì¦Ô™86 6XZ1ZæxMiZŠZzg‘ÕäO)ZDwÐ0eZ˦†Zv»*yÔ>ZyLZDwZzg 7XZ1ZæxÆf6ÃAÔ!LL)&ÿ
JLZDwóóZzgñÑ**ÝxgÎw$ÆŠzp}
>ZyL‘Õä O)ZDwZzgñÑ**MiZŠÔ!LLZD1]ZiñÑ**ÝxgÎw$óó‡.Þ_·÷XeZˆZväŠzâVZ»',ÅŠzg-VZzgÝxgÎw$äŠzâVÅŒÛGV6,gzÝeZàìXZ1ZæxÆzu]ZŠc*yÔÆ${ð
GOgÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZŠ!ÚøZigZ`·ŠgÍhÔ™56X 8X
xÐtæÜÆÚø~�{rÆŠú}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG)1(Z1Zæx»1291Y»
131
y~x6,„›y
(ñÑ**@æã»8391Y~ ii [fZ!Z1ZæxMiZŠZq-!�,Ô™001)÷áùƒäzZÑg‚!LL�{rZzgZsxóó™16@*76fZ!lZr·%"0î GOE‡è·iZ@Z;Ô™995 9XZ1ZæxMiZŠZq-!�,Ô™255X 01X1291Y~M¤/}Å>ÜÄ~[ŠïƒñZ1ZæxMiZŠä¹: 11XLLZ'wƬ�~T(,}úc*VÑ»Z´yHŠHåÔHå?~õÆ‚BZ´y™**eLƒVāz{yz›âV»Z·tåX'yz*yÆ›âV»t�ÛnѦìāz{yz*yÆyzîVлïCðÆ‚BÇz›»ey!*0+|BZzgZyÆ‚Bï™Zq-VƒYNXóó)Z1ZæxMiZŠÔZq-!�,Ô
™844(zZãgìā2191Y~yzîV›âVÆZ·tÅ!*]ŶԊzñV»LLZ·tóó
p1291Y~Zq-x“WÅS™gì÷XZq-)Š´rÅÃc*CãCŠ,Z2Zg™äÆaL�ÛѦԻ–gZÌágì÷Xñ`ÃW,Ô™552X 21Xh‹Z1ZæxMiZŠÔ%"0î GOEZ*zYZvÔ™31 31XZkiâä~ZDwZzgZ1ZæxÅ6,zZiZq-„c~¶XZDwä6091Y~¹å:
3,ZÑ‚g}˜VÐZkò[Æzgä¯c*"5é ELEøg}y§IÅZ�›zí7ì
)Z’Zð¯xZDw™692(
Z1Zæx»ÒyZzg‘Õä O)ZDw»tľŠgx/÷:uz²[øgZyz*VøgZ›÷ëÔzíì‚gZ˜VøgZ
)F,ZUçÔ!*8-ŠgZ(Z1ZæxMiZŠÔZq-!�,Ô™893 41X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔÂ[èÃgÔ,]454X554 51XZ1ZæxMiZŠäZ&+c*z4,�Ûi+xÔ~–ìā›´Üsè<ØÅãCŠ6,�7 61XƒMhXZ+!*]IßÍVÆ‚BƒÐ(,Z�Ûd$ìX«œ~ÆZsx
231
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ÜsZsxů6,›y”VÃZq-gc*„~Ý™ä~**»xg;X)fZ!LL„yóó†Zß©{yÔ™41(ñ•ÃW,Ô™692 71XeZËgZ`·ŠgÍhäZ1ZæxÆZkÒyÅãCŠ6,āLLyzƒ**c*›yƒ**ÔZy» 81XZ0+gzãìwc*o{ìÔTÃÛzãç5]ZzgM:Æ',@*îмm7ìóóXOîg6,t³Z~.HìāZkÐ�°ZixÅãCŠ7,CìX)ZŠ!ÚøÔ™66(ñ`ÃW,Ô™372 91XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔñÑ**z©Z−+{VÅMgZÔ!LLZDwg--óó©gM!*ŠÔâÞ5991YÔ,] 02X43@*73Zzg25@*55XPë)Ô™601X 12XŠg-iÒÜÄD!*8-ŠgZÔŠzZÃgŒVŠg`KYD÷: 22X
7�Ã@*gõÐM’H?ÜÄÅ™ä΢Zð!yh+,:ëTÃZLÛЛVÃì)z{0*Š÷á„!
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ·Z�CÙ:Zq-_.!*CgZ{úóó˜!lzÔgæŒ{y 32XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔp}·ZÔzŠzxÔ%"0î GOE·uzgÔ,]524X624 42X52XZÖgìwÔxZ*yœjÔ,]331Ô531 62X72Xp}·ZÔ,]424@*574 82X§]ZDwÆ—ÍÚ%"0î GOE·Ú{Ãgz¹Ô™5 92XZkgÍbÅgzÝ~·Z�CÙÅ‚—Zzg‘ÕäO)ZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]ÅgzlÎZD¶Ky 03X0YCìXfZ!lZr·Ô,]995X006 13X
('Z5ð ii (Ä>ZyLLzƒ43ïEGGÔ!LL!*8-ŠgZóóÔ2) i zŸs#ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ) 23XuzŠZzg›yóó˜!LL£Ñ]ZDwóóVwÆîg6,Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔlZr·%"0î GOE‡è·iZ@Z;Ô™995 33XL�{rZzgZsxÔñÑ**@Z£æãÔ™42Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔlZr·Ô™095 43XZkÒyЙsªCÙìāñÑ**æã-g8qxÆÃbÅ×e$™gì÷X
331
y~x6,„›y
ZkÃbÅF,Šh+‘Õä O)ZDw*MA',kЙgì¸XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ‘Õä O)ZDw»ŠzuZâÔ¤ß]Æ**xXÂ[èÃgÔ™81 53X
@Z£DZgèÈsi 63X�{rZzgZsxÔ™92 73XñÑ**æã˜÷LL!*ÆHyZ#ā~rÅŠcÆZ!x6,V™ÑZ-ÐÕ[QV**eLåÔ**Ç{»[eZË™r#%jxzagÆz™wÅ÷áùƒˆXË!*ÇUZzg³ZìZƒ‰'Zx[Æ»26,.y™gì¸'¢zg~¥xƒZā~ZK¥â]ZzgìÑ]âzg!*8zgoÆ‚t7™ŠzVóóXâx)LLZ°æóóÔæãzZDw�Ô™254 83XZLÒy~�{zmrÅ�SñÑ**æãäŶZzg�ZyƬâ¯x 93X¤ß]~ñ�ŠìÔZDwÅèÃg{ÄÅãCŠìXtÄËß6,z"}ÅZ‚k6,7½ˆXZDwL¸xóZzgLIó»Â�gáZŠs¦/M',ÎVÐZEw™gì¸X}q¯øg}ygIÅZ�Šzí7ìZzgq{mìF,I~¸xgÎw;×
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGLL${ðG
OgrÆÜsgœè¿óó»f~ÄZyLLy~x6,„›iqÆZ‹ZŸ]óóD˜!ƒXgxXñÑ**æã»tâ�{rZzgZsxÔ~,]3@*11Šg`ìX 04X÷zsZ½‚]Å,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDwZzgñŠzŠ~»»©_·Zi 14X/§]{yg~Ô™191L�{rZzgZsxÔ,])!*nKM(41X51Ô71X81Ô02Ô32X42 24@*54XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔXrÔ™7012LLlZr·åóó™473 64XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔlZr·%"0î GOE‡è·iZ@Z;Ô™034 74XZ°æÔæãzZDw�Ô,]923Ô113 84X94X¯!*]�ZÑsxÔ¢ÎxÔ,]141X241 05XQgŠz,-g--Ô5Š‹Ô�ÑðZ~8991Y)6,zWāZdÅÂ[LLUgZ£Z»g~óó 15X6,$�.çG
E{(™31LLZ&+c*z4,�Ûi+xóó»ZO[%ZgYe(ðÆ**xìX®!]ZO!’k,~÷áïìX 25X
431
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ZDwZq-›(Ϯԙ97 35XlZr·åÔ™034 45XZDwZzg;Z{yÔQ0aÔ,])!*nKM(74Ô741Ô701XQ0aÆ–w 55@*75XLLëŠÙ÷ā§$þGLZN[ÆZkÚiq~z‰Üä!*ÆHy|]‘ÕäO)ZDw
Æh~êŠc*ZzgZ4»$©�î EG0ÃxIZóóX
ZsÔ,])!*nKM(901Ô111Ô111X211 85@*06XZsÔ™711X@*ë21#9291YÃ;Z{yä–ā~1zg7g^»ZyF,y] 16X
Æ‚BqòƒV�MwZ&+c*›>ÆZ°kŠ‹~àgƒNXZkЬ1zg7g^Å×e$~!*rñcŠgzZi{уg~ñÑ**;Z{yZzg«YZv÷á{gg~ä½k,ÅXZy6,ßD!*g~ňZzgŠzâViƒñX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔÂ[èÃgÔ™121(ZsÔ,])!*nKM(721Ô621Ô241Ô741 26@*56XZsÔ,]741Ô651 66X9391YÆŠzgZyÜ÷fÆe~;Z{yä¹:
gÎwZvåÆy~t÷Zz[Mc*āÇ0+SYÅIÔ¬ÓÈŠ,»ek,Zì}.Z„Y}ì÷ZkIà»HƒÇwxÐTÅ$+ÁägcI»¢Zì
)ZDwZzg;Z{yÔ™941(tuZk§bZƒ@*ā@Š÷Zzg0*ÎyÆMiZŠºÌyzºÆ� 76XƒDZzg˜V}›yMiZŠƒ**eTÔz{ò~›âVŧbÔ%œ/~©Z¯Z`ÆbÝ»Dg‘WXyzZ§6,4Æ£«~–w+gZ¤/›y{ñlgTÔyzîVÆ@*,·0™gTZzgZK�Ã�{y~r~+™ŠïÂyzZzgõz{Oz¸g]¤/~:™D�7491Y~ZÙ˜gzZg¿ˆXZk¸g]¤/~»ÑtÌåāªÄ0*ÎyZq-ÎZD¶Ky0™g{YñXLLÂ[úóóÔ#6991YÔ,]25Ô35Ô55 86XñÑ**Å£?ÆF,3²!ÔZôm,~Ôy~ÔZ&+z‘ÔF,ÅZzg-Ísz~z){~ƒ 96X`÷XÓ#Ö0*ÎyÆ�ç]Æ£«~ZyÅÂ["3™-.ç FGEELZz[ÔÃ
531
y~x6,„›y
ªZÅxï[ìX)yz*yÆZgŠz!{3¨4èEE
GEZzgÄZÔ,]975Ô085(ZDwg--ÔâÞ5991YÔ™63 07X
›y‡Z++äZvÅxZã6,izgŠc*�)b»ZÝiìX2ñÑ**ät!*]ÃZ0+Zi™Š~āZ%MZzg-g\Æ·Š-VŃÐ(,~pZéZuZ¢ā»ªxåXz{Zi,·Š-VäZOŠ~F,¹ÎŠ~»gz!*gÅãCŠ6,ÅXH›âVÃZ(™**ec?tṄ.ÞÂzìā0*ÎyZzg@Š÷ƪxиgC›âV
7÷ªCÙìāz{z‚b ÅF,¹~g»z^YV?Z¤/ZyÆ;B~z‚byzîVÆŒ~÷Xz{z‚b0*Îyv7ƒñXZ¤/0*ÎyZzg@Š÷‡ì:ƒDÂ�{yz*y~ÔZyMiZŠèVÆz‚bÌyzîV„ÆŒ~ƒDX'×h+Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLzWñZµÐøzòóóÔƒXgxXZsÔ™55 17XñÑ**»$©�î EG
0ÃœZ‰ÜЬg~ìXªx0*ÎyÆÌZDwÅgZ{úð6,¿™äÅ¢zg]¶XZk¢zg]Ã(,~uJ-ÔÃZ0+ZiHŠHzg:0*ÎyZkŠg¢oƒ@*ā¸g]ò~›âV6,ZkŠgÕ:™YZzg:yz*yÆ›yñÏ»DgƒDX,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLtz{0*Îy7óóDƒXgxX„gz×ÔMwZ£uzgÔ™09 27XZsÔ,]98Ô29XMiZŠ¸g]»!*°{ƒäÆ!*)MwZ£uzgÆŠx±9Z 37X
‰ZzgZ,Väœā)yz›(y~¸rÆÈ}ÃÃg¯1XZL�g*yLLZDwZzgZkÆNuóó~uzgäzmrÃ"z‰ÜÅgZtZzgZsxìK’q-ŒÛZgŠc*åX)²ÃÈZDwÔ™57(Z[z{}.ZY侜u@*gõz�d$Å!*]™D÷X›âVZzgyzîVÅ@*gõZzg�d$œu7÷ɃŠx÷XZzg8-id$Zzg±ZYÆ´z{!*',~KZzggZxqgZkÅVB÷XÜsQgŠzyz›�d$Åœāi!*y¶pyzîVäQgŠzÅ(y~Z(g™àZzg¸g]~ZgŠzÃözŠHYg;ìX
47X57XŠZ›gZDwÔ,]12Ô38„gz×Ô™78 67XŠZ›gZDwÔ™8 77X„gz×Ô™09XuzgÆZkZ²ZxÆY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔÄZyLL
+CÒ3þGE
GL0*Îy 87X631
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Zôm,Åew¶óóDƒXgxXVwÆîg6,Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:ŠZ›gZDwÔ,]9Ô32Ô311„gz×Ô™52 97X2ZDwZq-›(Ï®Ôr6,zWāZ/Ô¬gsÔ™oZkZ‹ZnÃLL${ð
GO§0*Îyóó~ik,cÑc*ŠHìX 08X
yz*y~ZD1]Ô™71 18X„gz×Ô™48 28X
&BïELzíZDwÔ,]04Ô541Ô641 38X',ãÆñ�»Y,{LL${ð
GO§0*Îyóó~1ŠHìXyz*y~ZDwÅbà
ÆK~eZˆZhä–ìā7gZætZDwÃ)q¢»ƒÐ(,Z÷á²&ìZkaz{yz*y~ËbàÆZ`7÷X)àk,ZDwÔ™782(
(,])!*nKM(08Ô01X41Ô34X84 ii (¬gs) i ZDwZq-›(Ï®Ô) 48@*78X,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDwYŠz¤/y~5,ZŠóóÔ,]101X201X 88XÂ[èÃgÔ™9XZyZ‹ZŸ]ÆY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ§›„z¿DƒÎxX 98XZsÔ™54XY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGLLçAZzgg8-g1VóóDƒÎxX 09XZDwÑqÆâCÙ7¸XtÎZwQVä»ÑHƒYì?ZDwäËŠ´ 19XZŠZg}~ñß-VzZÑ»[77,Jå@*ëñß-VÉz{Š*½Æ›âV
Æ„~gZ{ú÷XZsx6,ZyÅ÷~öZzgZsòÑ<ÐÌp[MÇ{¸XLLZDw…7óóÄ~ú~ik,cÑc*ŠHìXZDwÅi(„6,LL${ð
GO§0*Îyóó~gzÝeZàˆìX
ZsÔ,]77Ô39@*99XY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZôm,Šz4óóÔLLu»æ[óóD 29XƒÎxXZsÔ™39XY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZôm,Šz4óóDƒÎxX 39XZsÔ,]51X61ÔY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLyz*yÆZ0+g›ß/óóDƒXgxX 49XgñiZDw%"0î GOE;ZzÇâ~Ô,]9X01X 59X_Åœî0ZDwԣыZDwÇgÂ{~Ô8791YÔ,]221@*331 69X
5±ÙX ƒŠzx §ŠÆZ²Zx»Y,{LLHZDwÆ;V§Šì?óóÆik,ÄZy731
y~x6,„›y
lZr·%"0î GOE‡è·iZ@Z;Ô™475 79XZ°æÔæãzZDw�Ô™652 89X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGXeZË(gúŠ»*yLL’q-0*Îy~Fg{y»™ŠZgóó 99X˜!LLkBóóñgQ91�Ûzg~8991YÑpZ−+ciZŠ{Æ´z{aŠO~ÜZ²âyäÌZ(„HXZ,Vä 001XaŠO~gØZÃ${ð
GO§0*Îy»{ÛŒÛZgŠc*Ô÷áh+aŠOZ?ØÅÖäZk6,
MâŠ{HƒXZ$t@ŒÛ7äÌ‘ÕäO)ZDwÃ${ðG
O§0*Îy7™äzZßV~ÐZq-–ZzgZÝ|6,6,Š{eZwŠc*XZk6,eZËYzh+ZDwä÷{û{HìX)i0+{¥zŠÔ,]783X883(Zšã»!í�ßZzgZ\‹uìXZk!í�6,eZËYzh+ZDwÆû} 101X
ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔi0+{¥zŠÔ™983XZyßÒEVÆY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG(0*ÎyÆZÍAøu: ii) („yÅ?m,¬ŠzuzVä7Å i ÄZ**])
DƒXgxX aŠO~gØZÝx½÷á{ÔLL�|ÃZgR,àóóÆæk,Zzg**Ñgì÷X˜÷āLLZDw9sV 201X~Zq-ÃÁåZzgZLQ*Š"54fõ
EGHIŧb0*Éóó)�|ÃZR,àÔ¢01ÔÑg{52(
LLeÔZz!*lZzgá]6,„ZDw»�|ÆZsxÐÃðm7óó)�|ÃZR,àÔ98Ô7891Y(LL‡Z+ZWZzg‘Õä O)ZDwÅÑZz6,~ѶóóX)Zs¢6ÔÑg{3(LL0*ÎãçÑ}~Z’Z„Љ�Y$zgc*VZzg{xVñ�Š‰XZã¹ÐZZzg„Š¢ŠZ]Ô¦VZzg£œÃ&óE‚ã�h}gppÆaZsxZq-¹$zgŠJÇåóóX)Zs¢5ÔÑg{4(zùziZg]»£YƈÝx½÷á{ÆÒ**]Z¶gzVZzgg‚ßV~ 301Xik,cMñX}Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLkBóó31�y9891YLLâZñz‰Üóó52�yÔ3�ÑðÔ8Zzg81BZ~9891YLLi0+Ïóó32@*92�yÔ7@*31�Ñð9891Y!*ÆHyÔÝx!{‹§õE÷á{
ä™Zc~LLóŠ~6,öóó6,z¤/Zx~„CÙ$+àƒð!*'XX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGgzi**))zZ]ñgQ21âÞ9891Y(ZyÆÒy»ílxHŠHX)LLZ%zióóñgQ21âÞÔLLkBóó31âÞ9891Y(
/'/'/
831
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
!*[ Ù!hÓÀö]åIO]Iñß~
”ÛZ%szZíZtœ-VÐñ�Šìp�,œ~ÆZzZy~Z3ÿXL$h4ü
GIGOZzgZI<LÆZ•IÁÜÅZq-Šzu}ÆÜs‚i~Zzgä0*ÎyÃ{gYîg6,$+**xHZzgŠZ½Z±gÐüàc*XZ,~ î�ð
!*CÙÅZsxŠÔ¸'²£ÿN
‡÷Zzg�Qy»MÈî0»g0nÔZkЊc¤/Š~ZzgCd$»g~™ZC÷XZkßg]qw»ZŠgZu™ÆZDwäÔåÅi!*yÐÔ
1 ¹å:Z}¤/ë§Z1–ñzZñÝg!*lXŠ-È~',w~¿Ì¥xzczsìXZq-�ÛtzZ%s]43ð NE
GVZzgz;çV»ìXCÙ�ÛºÆËñß~ÜsZL�ÛºÃÇZsx»MsŠZgìw
™D÷ZzgŠzu}�ÛVÆÜsZyÆ_.!*]Ô)ÇVÆÜs_.!*]Ðic*Š{”h+ƒD÷XZDwÆ4,Šq-�Û‘6,4›âVÅ»x!ÅgZ{~Zq-g»z^ì:
�Û‘È~ì}ÔZzg}fZ'÷!2 Hiâä~K‰Å¸!*'÷?
CÙ�ÛºÆßÃZzg!3š{ï GOEñß~QÏgZñ»Z�Zx™D÷�ZyÆt]ÅMsŠZgƒXZ¤/Ãð#³�ÛºÅ×e$Ôëqů6,ÌÔ™}‡&ÿEL¤/ŠyiŠãI@*ìXZDwŠ-È~Zzg',w~‡7¸Z%”Zzg4¢zgp�Û‘6,4ЗF,ÔOçZ¹Z3ÿXL$h4ü
GIGOZzgz;çVÐÃð—zg]7¶Xz{�ÛVÐsÃÔ›âVèù¦Ô$hò EIèLU*6Å÷áCÙZ{6,Ñ**
931
eT¸pßÃZzg�Û‘6,„ñß-VäZyÆ�xÃJw™**—ÔÎZz‡]ZDwÔh+Z‹ZŸ]»@s¯c*XZ’ZZq-',w~ñß~ä¬Æ:}
ÐÅXsi6,:Š~Ó#Ö‡ìƒðÂZkäz;!ÝÆ_.$+¬]Æ
ÜsZq-(,~î»M¸iHX$Š@.çG
XGLsiÅZk»ggzZðÐ',w~�Û‘¹ú0*ƒZXZkÆ4,Šq-ßg]qw»æZzZtåāsi»ÂÄÓ#Ö‚.7Ò3©0î E
GEGZÁÆjZᙊc*YñX4291YÆMy~LL›Mî^óóÆúÒ}äZk?m,Æ!*g}~ZDwÅgZñŠgc*ÄÅXZDwä¹āLLsiZkz‰Ünz;çVÆŒ~ìXZ¤/Zkqª~‚.7Ò3©0î E
GEGZÁÃq²êLsi¯äÅÃÒÅÂZ0+6ìā›âVÆZyŠz�ÛV)z;çVZzg°V(~J“Ñzqƒ
t ZDw» 3 YñÏ'~siÅñ�Š{ßg]qwÐ7g}îg6,tƒVXóó!í�',w~�Û‘6,2VÃ**ÍZg¦/gZZzgKzik,{yÆ¿Ôñß~Šh+ZgZÔ
äZDwÆÜs¬»:ò™Šg™Šc*XZDwÅZsò}.â]»2s7gZ¬ÝZsxìZzg0*Îy~{mîg
ñ�ŠìpË�Û‘6,„ (Consensus) ZDwÆh~Zq-ÀòZ·¾gZñ 6,ZzgßÃñß~Z[J-#Å©ïEGLZDwÐ!*i7MñXZDwÆ4,Šq-›úZx»
t 4 Z¡w!*Š÷áƒVZzgY�ŠZgzVÆ´z{ñß-VZzgczVäÌHìX!*]‰ñß-VZzgczVSîñß~czVÃ',~@ìX¦sŠ-È-VÆ;VÌìp',w-VÆ;Vc6,4»gDy¸ìXZDwQ¦sÆ´z{**x.ŠczVZzgLL%”ZÈpŠÁóóÃÌWÅiŠ6,ÑD÷XZDwÆ7ÃZ&bZzg$™-.ç
GGLâƒCìpt™xypŠÃāZzgŠ#èGELZsx»ZYg{ŠZg${ð
GOg™D
÷ZzgZDwä/ZäÅÃÒ™D÷X3791Y~',i+¯geÐZq-Â^~:ò÷áùHŠHÔT~ZDw
041
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ÆÜspV**gzZZ‹ZŸ]÷X2n',w~Ý»ßÃZzg4pZ0+{ñß~ì�™sQgŠz7ÉYXñßsÅ(,~De$tìā‘Õä O)ZDwä
5 z;!fÅdÅì²|]ͱz~ZzgëŠ',w~ÃÃZ0+ZiHìX2
‰Š-È~fäÌZDwÆ‚BÕgzZg3ìXZy~ñÑ**@Z£æãÆ÷á¤/ŠZzgZgZŠ]qúc*V÷Xt™xyZyŠ-È~fñ™ZxÃÌW»¶K:¯Dgì÷�’q-0*ÎyÆqò¸XñÑ**æãÆ6,�lcz»gZ¤/ZyÅy~¸rZzg»ôkÅ×e$ÃLLZ¿Š~tóó„™™t™feÂZq-**pÎZgZzg1Š{!*[»{؃Y@*XZ\kìāZ[J-Z(7ƒeXLL“}43ïEGGL�óóä�Û‘6,4ÅZ(g™àìX
‘Õä O)Áe$Zvæ¹ÌZDwÆ”h+2¤~ÐZq-¸Xz{{‚g’q-Æfg)7g}yz*y6,xZ㻵/gnp¸XñÑ**æãZq-Z•6,¸āy~�{rÅ×e$™Æ»ôkže$»!*)0gì
¸ZzgZ¤/',RÆ›yZyÆúºÂyzîVÆik,ºMYDXŠzu~Z•6,‘Õä O)湸Xz{yzîVÃÔâèŧbÔ›âV»õx¯**eT¸XŠzâVäZDwZzg0*ÎyÅ#¿ÅpŠzâV**»xƒñXŠzâVÆcz»g
6 Z[Zq-Zq-�ÛºÅwÐ#Å©ïEGLZDwÃYg~gǃñ÷X3
ïZzg�Û‘6,„Ûñß-VäÌZDw(ËÅÃlÅ÷XZkÅ$+F,+VwñÑ**',•ZÍdÅZq-Â[Zzg&Âa÷XÍd
7 ÆZ‹ZŸ]1Š{ÔZ9wZ0Zzg½÷X‘Õä O)ZDwäZ3ÿXLšM™ZxñÆZz™sÆjZáÐZzgzZ¢œî G
0™šÃÄ~ä(ÅŠ}™x›ëÒyK÷X',w~ZkÐt÷Zzg
141
!hÓÀö]åIO]Iñß~
Z3ÿXL$h4üGIGOZkÆŠgŠZy÷XZDwÅ=q])´Zzg�ÛVÆ›âV~ìX**gzZZ‹ZŸ]ßÃ�Û‘6,2VäK÷X—%ûfä‘Õä O)ZDwÃi',Š„yZ•d7HìXZy~Z3ÿXL<L~ЦÑy0+z~Ô¦Z1ZÑdñŠzŠ~ÔñÑ**Z1Zd0+z~ZzgeZËZuZgZ£÷áï÷XZI¿~eZËZÑçZzg¦Z{oð
²ZÑç 8 Æ**x¹úc*V÷X{oðZDwÃLLæt»—*g{óóŒÛZgŠï÷Xtz{—F,+£xì�ÃðÛ¬ÝËÊ}Y 9 Æ4,Šq-ZDwLLZÍ:óó÷X
Šï ìÔ@*ë¬R6,ŠBÂï�Û‘6,„ZDw(ËÅî~zsŠ3ð÷X™Zc-Eg;Æ"ih+~»Zq-ÂLLZDw»7†âgGóóÆ**xÐ÷áù
ƒä ƒZìXñßsäLLuóóÆæ[6,Z‹ZnHìXZDwÆLL÷á²ætóóÐZkaZïgHìāZDwäLL6,ÌóóÆÂÃ/$ZEwHìXZyÆ4,Šq-ZDwÃ${ð
GO§0*Îy»{Û'ÌßìXZy»Šúòìā›gc*„»
${ðG
OgZkЬF†]7™_‰X¼ZzgZ‹ZŸ]ÌK÷Xih+~ÅZ-De$tìāZDw|]}ÅM$åLU*ãZzgZâxu~ÆMä»�o{
01 ìZÐ7â…X4
!hÓÀöË6ÆqïZzgYænÆñß~Zkiø~2÷āT§b´`™**Zq-eZË»»xìZϧbèIZñg6,Zy»ZYg{ìXz{Zq-Šzu}Åè«™D÷ZzgŠ´ç5]~LL)fóóÅæZì',ŠZ“7™DXZk~—7āzçÔúiÔgzi{ZzgŒÛ!*ãÆ)bÐ4pZ0+{ñß~ÌzZ�ƒD÷ZzgZk§bÅúZò¢zgc*]z„7gZ™D÷XZsòi0+ÏÆatZñgZÌgnp÷pZsx¸¼7ìXZsxZ½¦(ÏÔ‡âãÔçÙZzgZÐZŠ~zçi0+ÏÆ]ç5]»Zq©™@*ìXZsx~0*0*á7ìX¸òyâÔç$hò EIèLU*6Ô$§;-ê
GEXGLŒÛMyzug$ÔZsxÆ°ÁZ½¦ZzgÂxxZãZzg
241
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ZsxÆ!�ZKãUîVŶK0+„6,&zgñß-V»ZYg{t7HYYXZyÅi0+7V»9zŠzu})´ÆÂh~ÜsƒY@*ìXZ¤/z{ƒ)ÃZq-„mÆZgùVÆYw${ð
GOg™,ZzgãCŠ~œāZñg6,izg
Š,›çÑ{Zpé]о{zgƒYìXZDwÅ„~gZ{úðÃJw™äÆKZyÆZÌJ-�]÷ÔZyÐ!*CÙM™z{›$hò EI>U*6~Z뙊ZgZŠZ™Mh÷X
341
!hÓÀö]åIO]Iñß~
jjjjZZZZááááZZZZzzzzggggjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙ(�Z[“{ ii (ågZ{) i Š&ÀŸ/õ GGLL!*8-ŠgZóóÅ>) 1X2X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ%gèZDwÔ,]01@*21 3X}ZDwë÷: 4X
)MzZ¯(DZgèÈsi(!*¹:g„¾~z{Ms;~!Z}±k0î IG0Îãz$ÕäOðzc~!
™ñZŠ{ZMZgZ£{y$+Z-ãÔŠÔ‡Šg~',i+¯ge)Zày(ÅZq-KÆ 5X¿¸X�Û‘6,4»†y%æEOLRЂBᙉXZy‰ßÍVäz;VÌ
�Û‘6,4»!*iZg¤/x™g3ìXñÑ**æãZzgZyÆËcz»gzV»f™¦/ZzgZt~ÔLLy~¸x6,„›yóóÆ 6Xik,ÄZyƒZìX‘Õä O)æ¹»f™¼MÐLLq‡+Zzg¤]yà]óóÆik,ÄZyMg;ìX
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óó!*[ÎxÔ!*[XgxÔ!*[Q 7XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLæt»—*g{óó_5åGOZ{ìZ~ 8XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLZ£Y2»*yLL)q¢ÆZk,Zy~ZDwÅse$óó!LLZD1]2óó 9XZDwZXk^Ôu~ôX_3ûELc.ç IEOih+~Å’k,øDfsì: 01XZDwä|]}mZ?xÅMæU*ãZzg|]Zâxu~mZ?xÆMä»�o{
ìZÐ|ðyZÃ]ŒÛZgŠc*ìXOçZy»IåāLLtŠzâVq,â›|ÇVÅ$+zªZsò�Z+~ŠZ4ƒIóóXZy»'×h+IåāLL›y¬xîg6,!o-÷GPÅMæU*ãƳ÷'~Zk»‡b7óóXZknÆÃc*]‡Šc*ãZ�ÛZŠÆ÷X
_3ûELc.ç IEOih+~äZL**xÆ‚BLL6,zWZzgñÑ**óóÆZÖp‘÷XÂa~Zq-(LL‘Õä O)óó»ÂÌŠg`ìXZkÆ!*z�ŠßÃ~Zzgƒ»tqwìāèÃg{ŠzÃc*]ÇŠc*ãZ�ÛZŠÐ™[HìX²‡Šc*+MÅqg]LL[ñúŠóóÆo}6,9~ìZzgZDwäZkqg]ÅãCŠ„ÃUg™Šc*ìX
441
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
!*[ ‚ÂZVZ·ZÅZzgŠCÙb
%æEOR~ÔF,¹I’q-ÆM¸iz�ÛzrÆŠzgZyÔZDwÃâx™äÅ!*‡°{ÃlÅIXZDwÅi0+Ï„~Zkî»M¸iƒŠHåXZ£ZÔZº@gZñ7g~Zzg_3ûELŒä2Ÿ:p}÷áùKXZ£Zä–āZDwÅ÷á²~ìàìX**eZzg"p0*yZs'×xÅŠú]ŠîìXFgzVÅ
1 §bi0+ÏФ/m,™CìX"iŧs¤ìZzgg‡IZ:ìXZº@gZñ7g~äZDwÃÃ\x»F,)y¹X'×h+–āZDwÅÔCKZzguâtŠZg~ÆÜsÔŠ#-4ÏìXZDw/gÃH&ìZzg'׊zgzVÅ
"ŒäŠúòHāZDwâè»ùg~ìXZk 2 Ó#ÖÃPZVI7™@*XÆ�x6,¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~qz~ì�Zk»ZC7ìXZDwÃÁZzgZMZg6,„
3 ìX${ðG
Og÷á�zhÐ5‡]»³åXZ‹Š;ð~‘Õä O)ZDwÆ�Z·ZÅ2¤©¬x6,MñÔZy~
Zðx@Ô».$zs\.-ôGZzg7VÍgÄ7g~÷áï÷XZðx@Æp}LLgzbZDw6,Zq-Ãóó2491Y~ÔLLZDw¨÷á²Zzg…óó4491Y~ZzgLLZDwÔgYá»Xóó1591Y~©¬x6,MñX¬Šzp}LLgzZe$ZzgŒz]óó~ZzgŠZ*yLLWZzgiWóó~÷áïìXZðx@˜÷āZDwä?Zzg‡.Þ¿�x7Šc*XZyÆ;V"Dñ�ŠìXZ¹úZx6,ZOŠ7XƒŠxz„Š¤!V»Y,{71X�ÛŠ»m)®)ÐZzgÓ#Ö»
4 úZxÐzZã7HX�`ÅZ0+gzã“Æi6,izg7Šc*X541
Zðx@ä‘Õä O)ZDwÅdÌÅìXZkZ±gÐÔZyÆ;Vq-g{67ìXÃzd6,Zq-‚BÃeZàYñÂ¥xƒ@*ìāZðxÆ4,Šq-ZDw¹¼ÔZ¤/¶¶Â¶āZ·ZÅ7¸X¸èÃg{Z‹ZŸ]»:©ìXZðx@äZDw6,¼ŠZ‹ZŸ]ZzgÌK÷X
}ZDw÷á•çLZsx÷ZkaZy»�xözŠìXZDw${ðG
Og6,„÷XZy5 Æ;V§ŠìZzgÃtz¿»ZíZtÌZzgz{÷á{6,4~2¸XÅÔZsx6,Ô«Â[ (Wilfred Cant Well Smith) zÁi+».$zs\.-ôG
3491Y~уgÐ÷áùƒðXŠzuZÔZŸ†”{ (Modern Islam in India)Zi+cÔßyÐ6491Y~÷áùƒZXZÏZi+c6,FF�·ZÑsätÂ[
ZkÂ[~‘Õä O)ZDw6,¼ŠZ‹ZŸ]÷Zzg 6 9691Y~уgÐ÷áùÅXZsxZzg›âVÆ!*g}~{àßxV;ðˆ÷XZsx6,\.-ôGÅ
Æ**xÐEc*gu~ Islam in Modern History Šzu~Â[Ô9591Y~Ô’XZk~\.-ôGäZ‹ZsHìā«Â[~¼Š{xV÷Xz{t™@*ìāZsxÃZkä7g~§b7ŒåXtÌ–ìāñ�Š{_¬~Zsx
7 ÆÃc*CZzgZܹÁÜÅÔ‚Zß'Ôo™Š~ˆìX\.-ôGäZsx)ZzgZDw(Æ!*g}~Ô«Â[~Ô�¼ß–å
Šzu~Â[~ÌZsx.Zzg 8 z{yz*ãF,¹IzVÅ’k,zV~gZ{0*ŠHXZDwÙÏ»gcŠg„7ìX\.-ôGÆ4,Šq-9ZzgEZsògc*„)èI
~(secularism) ƒCìZzg0*ÎyÅF,¹zp¥à»gZiÑŠ– (secular)LLâegyZsxZyZ&+c*óóÔ~!*ßZôîg6,ÔZsxÃÜÄgZ”{ÆZ!x 9 ìX
ZsxÃÑŠ´ZzgZ·ZÅIZ+!*'÷XÐÃð›y 01 J-Z·ZŹåXZ·t7™YX\.-ôGÆ4,Šq-F,¹I)Z·ZÅf‚gppzZá(›yèI
11 7pZi÷Zzgg‡I)gZtZ·{(›yèI÷pZi7X
641
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Z·{ Íc*Z·ZŃ**›yƒäÐ4ì²#ñgZ”+Z·ZÅ7gZt›y¸X\.-ôGäZDwÅ„~zz].Zãzu]ÃF,¹IZzgg‡IŠz{âV~„™Æ§Š»%>ŒÛZgŠc*ì²ZDwÅÎaZsòìX\.-ôGÔCÙqw~ÔZ·ZK»�ÛzreLìXZkÑÆ�ZDwÃZ·ZŪCÙHìXpZDw»${ð
GO§pŠ~Z·ZÅçÑ}~1M7YZzg\.-ôGÃZk!*]»Zˆk
ìXOç–ìāZDw»VàçÑ{ÂZ**oV6,ŒƒÇXt!*]ZDwÅŠp»"g¶ÔpaèZDw�Ø]Б:gnpZkaz{t:™nā
21 çÑ}Å‚|#ZLZ�ÛZŠÆ™ŠZgÃùOW,™CìX\.-ôGÔZDwÆ!*g}~¬Zq-ߊúò™@*ìXZ#ZDwZk
Šú}6,7gZ7QF,D§Š»Z²Zx¬Z+™ŠêìXZDwÃZ·ZŪCÙ™äÆ´z{Zq-].h+Zsx»!*ãÌŒÛZgŠc*ìXZDwaèËZ,Zsx6,¢7gnp
\.-ôG}.Z»”GZzgè<Ø» 31 Zka\.-ôG2nƒ@*ìāZDw~§ŠìXZkÆ4,Šq-ZDwÌâzgZ}.Z»”GìZzgÜsuc*ã}.Z»‡b 41 #³ìX
ZDwÐtß!í�™[™Æ\.-ôGäß}òZ~.K÷XZk» 51 ìXŠúòìāñê0*gKZzg]Z·ZYVŧbZDwgzZîè<Ø6,úMzgƒD
\.-ôGäZk§bZDwÃ#³èè<ØZzgZ·ZYV»ëâZªCÙHìX 61 ÷X\.-ôGäZ·ZÅ8ΙZDwʬìZzgZ#ZsxÆbŠZgÅwÐZDwÔŠzu}ZiñVÉÔñ4,xÆ"$ÃÌÂhŠï÷Â\.-ôGÔŠzu}u™Š{Z·ZYVŧbÔZDw6,§Š»Z²Zx¬Z+™@*ìZzgZ¹âx™äÅÃÒ™@*ìX
\.-ôGqìāZDwÃÁ÷X)§ŠÅ§bÃ7L»Z‹Zn!*g!*gZy»?m,™Š{ 91 /Z*]Ð"¾{÷X 81 (�Û‘6,„÷X 71 X ™CÙZc*ì
Zy»„ 12 úg]ÆçA~{mîg6,g‡I÷X 02 gZ3ãìX
741
Z·ZÅZzgŠCÙb
22 f!$ó~.6,FFìZzg"54fõE
GHI2',}yÆ${ð
GOgZ]ÃZsòg8-Š}Šc*ìX
‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜs\.-ôGÅ»g™Š{�ÛŠx~tZñgÌ÷áï÷āZLZg»ð�Æ!*z�ŠZDw»»t]6,¢ìZzgz{Z£-VÃ)›ŒÛZgŠ¶Æa
ZsxÃÃu]ŒÛZgŠ¶Æ!*z�ŠZDwÔnÔ 32 ÓäZŠZxÆpZ;V÷X**x.Š›âVÆaÔ�›yyzV~aZƒ‰ÔZµgc*„»_c™D
úg]Ã0*ugpp»f™¬H 52 z{úg]ÃõxZzg0*ugeT÷X 42 ÷XìX\.-ôGÆ4,Šq-t!*]÷áh+ic*Š{‡.ÞZ‹ZnìX
7VÍgÄ7g~äÔZDw6,\.-ôGÉŠzu}Z·ZYVÆZ‹ZŸ]ÙCÙZäÆ´z{Zy~zÝÌaZÅìXLLZDwXZ)àY,{óó~˜÷āZDwÚ,]»Dg÷XZyÅ÷á²~~Zq-Ðic*Š{â-kÁñh÷Xz{è<ØzIÆߊZ],}~ú‰XZDwZk|ÐI',]‰
āMÃE~›Zzg)›Å×7ìX™7MCāZDwÃF,¹IŒÛZgŠc*Yñc*g‡IXG%Šñð»ZYg{YðƒYìZzgZÐ�Äç»_5ëEYLãCŠ¯**¹VÅŠZ**ðì?ZDw6ÂxÆZßwzZ‚2»ê7™0*DXZDwÆ;VâzgZáZzg�ÛZge$ìXsie$Ðic*Š{ç**u~yZDwÆ;V
62 �šM»ì�Zq-nÅÃ]4ï IGOGìX2
MiZŠ~ÆÔ¸g]~ÔZuŠZgQ~ÅÂ[LLF,¹IZŠ[óóZzg0*Îy~Z„k°jg~Å"LLZDw»D¯xóóZDw6,Z·ZYVÆZ‹ZŸ]»²z`z¾w÷XLLF,¹IZŠ[óó3591Y~÷áùƒðXtz{Šzgå
Z#¸g]~Ôz,ÌÔ‘Õä O)ZDwÅ×e$²#¿M‚yZzgIh+{¶X°jg~Æp}ÔŸzZgÔ�â„ÔLZŠ!Š*Ô~0691YÐ4691YJ-÷áùƒDgìXLLZDw»D¯xóóÆÄZyÐÂ[2791Y~÷áùƒðX
841
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ZyÆ4,Šq-Ë}.Z 72 Z„k°jg~ÔÃc*CZ±gÐJZzgZ·ZÅ÷XÐg‡ì™äÅOñä]z8+M»”wZÏ™{Zgn~ˆlHY**
°jg~ä„CÙkdãCŠzV6,Z%ZÄZDw6,»xHZzgZÒ 82 ecXZ·ZYVÆ',@ZzgZ·ZÅgzk»Z%ZxŠÚÆ!*z�ŠÔzÃ]J-ÔZC!í�ps:HX
uŠZgQ~äÔZL°zîVŧbÔZDw6,§ŠÔÃ7LZzgâè6,4ÆZ²Zâ]ÊCÙZc*ìX˜÷āZDwÅ‚%Z`Š#ZzgZ§á‚B‚B
03 ZyÅ÷á²~~i0+ÏjZzgiCÙYgD**]k„ƒ‰÷X 92 ¹÷XZ,Vä 13 ZDwZz[ÅŠú]ÌŠï÷ZzgZz[Ð<ÍZDÌ÷X
${ðG
OgpŠ~ÅãCŠ¬Å 23 ‰${ðG
OgZ]eZgzyÔâg¾ZzgšÐ»gaXpŠ~1gjzZS:]ÅqïìZzg,ÃÁeð’» 33 ].q6,ìX
gz\ŠJg©8ìXZDwZL÷á�Ã�gÔZ$+ZàÔzAZzgzhÅ~ŠÙ53 §ŠÅzzÐZDwÅ÷á²~}¹—Zzg}"Z•-ìX 43 ÷X
\.-ôGÆjZáЖìāZDw_Å0îE00*ÎyÆqò7g{‰pèIãCŠ6,Ôyz*yÅ„»_c™ÆÔZDwäMv6,%ruŠc*åZzg?»°
63 —ƒ`¸Xt!*]zZãìāZ·ZÅ|Z]Ô${ð
GOgZ‹ZDwÃÔâÎZ‚%Z`Š#
ÆÔZL£œÆo°™™„ZDw(ËÆŠg9gì÷XpŠ~ÔŠgz7ÔZsò¶Kè0U*6ZzgZsòÑ<ÐÎîZyÆ4,Šq-Zgq,÷XuŠZgQ~
˜÷:ªCÙìātŠgz7Zzg¹g~Ô÷á�ZzgZÐZŠe$I~Ô‰&åGLè<ØZzgZ§áZzg¦søg}»xÅq,7÷YèZy
73 ÐM`úZxÃÃðÃZ+{7VYX
941
Z·ZÅZzgŠCÙb
LLZDw»D¯xóóƬ!*[~ÔZ„k°jg~ät!í�Z(gŠzu}!*[~D¯xÆM¸izZg» 83 HìāZDwZq-1Ô…7¸X
ÐcìZzgZkÅ$ÅìXŠ}!*[»ÄZyìLLZDw»${ðG
OgfZ‹!*g~óó7ìÉuc*ã (Transcendent) °jg~»ŠúòìāZDw»${ð
GOg}.ZâzgZð
ìXa¸!*[~ZkËJ-ã÷āLLZDwÆ„zûM¸i (Immanent)Ìzu]Zß�ŠZzguc*yЃZåZzgZ�xÌzu]Zß�ŠZzguc*y„6,ƒZóóX0*v,!*[»ÄZyLZDwZzg»&ÿEL=zz].ZyóìXZk!*[~=ÅdZzgz].ZyÅÃňìX°jg~Æ4,Šq-ÔZDw»GÔ',}yÅ
LL�bøII
L§]óóÅœZñ!*i‚ìX',}y„ŧbZDwÃyŠŠÔÌ93 ŒÛZgŠc*ìXz!*[~LZDwÆgzâãZ°góÐcìXgzâ+MÅÃÆ
ÔZ„k°jg~˜÷āZDw!*~gzâã¸Xi0+ÏÆi‡VФ/m,™Æ{]z%ZD]ÅŠ*~gxI™D¸XZDwÅgzâãpŠ%œ/e$ÅÞŠ]ZyÆÛpŠ~~Qì�ªCÙU¢o/õ
EIHÐâpfìXŠzu}gzâEVŧbZDwÌZ+Å,ÆHÐôp7g{nXZy»${ð
GO§Z+ŒÛMã
${ðG
O§Z+ÐZìXZDwägzÎŧbõZáZzg$+z"ìGOGŽŠ~ìZzgÕyÅ',»]ÃÃZ0+ZiHìXZDwÅgzâ+M»Zq-UYgq:]I~
ìX]I~ŵ~"egÏZzgü»ZˆkÑi˜ñ�Šƒ@*ìXZDw™ZógZzg@M‚y¸X¢o/õ
EIHÔ',}yZzg"54fõE
GHIÐOW,ƒñ÷X»,]I~
6,ȃ@*ìXgzâãZ~ƒäÆ!*)ZDwZy$43ðGEOqÔë{(ÏZOŠ~Ô/ZãZzgd-zV»ÃðzZãi7™äЇÜgì�M`›**y¬ÝÃ
04 Šg7÷X‚Â,!*[~L@*zÞ‹ZDwó»ÒyZzgZyÐ$}ç
GOnìX°jg~
051
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Æ4,Šq-ZDw»Ã›pŠ~/Óxz¾w¢o/õ EIHÐâpfìZzgZDwä¢o/õELIHÆ
uc*ã${ðG
O§}.ZÅÂ}ŒÛMãMc*]ÐÅìX',}yÆ${ðG
O§iâyÃZC™ZDwäZÐZsòU*"$HìXZDw’»,ZgZÐB÷TäZhi0+ÏÐgzbÃ~¯1ìXZk)Zsòo}ÅÂ}~ÌZDwŒÛMãMc*]ÐZ÷7Š™D÷XZDwª#ÖZzg§]ñ]Æ”G÷Zzg¼AzŠzicÃeÝ]ŒÛZgŠc*ìXZDwäŒÛMyZzgZsx~',}yÔ¢o/õ
ELIHZzgZɾæYE&+gz){Æ
uc*ã{]ŠZ4™Šb÷�ãCŠ~îg6,Mgc*ð÷ZzgZsx‰‚òè<ØÅÂ[ÆM^,!*[~‘ÐêL¯xÆ 14 ¡]Zzg'×Z`Æ!*Ç#³÷X
ZW,Z]z}òÔZzgâ,!*[~Š*ñZsx~yŠZ�Ûzi~Å¢zg]ÔÐcňìX
Z„k°jg~Æ9Z‹ZŸ]z„÷�F,¹I’q-Æu™Š{Z·ZYVä!*g!*gŠCÙZñ÷X@*ë‰Z‹ZŸ]6÷XZDw»„~â~.ZL°zîVŧbf!,„Cc*ìp"54fõ
EGHIÅ(¢o/õ
ELIHÆzu]Zß�Š~Z]ÃZDwÅ„~Z‚kŒÛZgŠc*ìXÂ[~„CÙd°wìpZ%ZÄ ${ð
GOg
ÅF,8-~°jg~¹eZ{ƒñ÷Xz{›âV»gzkÐ{™ ZDwÆâŠe$Ð�h**eT÷XÂ[Å@*yZk\gl6,IKìāY�ŠZgZ:ZëZŠZzgƒzZ¡w»{ØHYñXtgZñŠg„ìp°jg~Å"LL@*gõ»*ñhóóÌ‚tg¿YñÂ¥xƒ@*ìāZyÆ4,Šq-VàZKãçÑ{gzk»Z·ZÅçÑ{å²t|Z[zZãìāgzÏZ·ZÅçÑ{
ZDwG~ik,ÅÅMölƇb÷ 24 $+F,+nƃzZëZŠ»Dgg;ìXp=6,zkÃF,ߊï÷XzkÃÃZ0+Zi™ÆyŠZ�Ûzi~6,izgŠb›âVÃ
ZsxÐøzx™**ìX°jg~Å2wâŠe$ÅZ·ZÅìZzgZDwaèCÙâŠ{6,4Æ#³÷Zka°jg~äÔŠzu}Z·ZYVŧbÔ §bÅ
151
Z·ZÅZzgŠCÙb
6,ÂzÜsÅìX Z%ZÄZDw™xÈDäÔ‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜsÔZ·ZÅ|Z]Å**gzZ2Ÿ:î
6,ª]»ZÖgHZzgZÐZ\k**uŒÛZgŠc*XZy~Z·ZÅf‚ÆZ3ÿXLŠZøŠgZÝ2¤»ZCZq-ÑZzgZq-ÑÇ¿g;ìZzgZ,Vä 44 ÷áï÷X
ßÃ~2Z•I~ÆbCÙ}ÐZA[7HX~**BMiZŠä–ìāLLZkz‰Ü’q-ÆÃc*]~”]¶ZzgtZßw»g�Ûâåā�øg}‚B7ìz{LLøgZ#³ìXóóMiZŠ'×h+˜÷āuŠZgQ~ÅŠzgÎóƒV乬t|ŠNà¶ā’q-»Zk§bßÃ~»DgƒY**pŠ’q-
54 ÆaµìX‘Õä O)ZDwZsòÂħ]Ɔ÷XZ·ZÅ|Z]äZ¹ZÏ
a#³ŒZzgâx™äÅÃlXXZyÃ@V~Z¹»x!‚:ƒðXZkÆ‘Õä O)ZDwÅdÑzqƒðZzgZDwÆjZáÐZ·ZKłįäÅù¦)¦»M¸iƒZXÀJ-�#³ÔZ[z{6,�l×e$™äÑXÀJ-�|Z]ZDwÃZsx»bŠZgZzgZ·ZK»#³™™ZDwŠ#~2Ôz{ZDwÃZ·ZÅU*"$™ä6,iz§Üs™äÑXgzb~tp~ª]**uì@*ët5gzlÌ0*gKÑíÆ_.¶Xz{tā
64 ™ŠzXóó convert 7™MhÂZÐ condemn LLZ¤/?ZDwÃ3
Z·ZÅgzkÅ/,',kмZz6,g„X',R~F,¹I’q-Åi0+ÏZkÆÛÐÌÁìXZk’q-»!*‡°{M¸i6391Y~ƒZXt’q-p[YàZzgQgŠzZŠ[6,YˆX@*ëZKZ•I~Æ!*)ÔM]',ÎV~$zg7,ˆZzg¨Zq-±’q-ÆZk»{؃ŠHX¸g]~
¸g]~t’q-»x[ƒÂ 74 –wxZ*yœjZk»8jè EIELi¨,oc*ŠHX
251
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
?0+{ZZxÆa4ìp0*Îy»·Z7¹—ìZzgF,¹I’q-c*Z·ZK»ŒVÃðw7XZ3ÿXLŠZøZzg™xÈD~ŒVÀòZ·tgZñZkK~ñ�ŠìāZsx$zgZzg:â0+{4]»qòìZzg0*ÎãçÑ}ÑÕä O)ZDwÆZsòZz!Z°gÆ_.Z#Z2ZgHYñÇÂz{ZOŠ~Zzõ<ÁÐÁƒYñÏT~ŒVZŸ†ƒ@*g;ìX
;äF,¹I’q-ÆizZw»:LLLZ•IŠz2VóóÃIZc*ìX0+*‡Š»f™{mîg6,Hì2VäÔ9491Y~ÔZ³F,¹I!{3¨4è
EEGEÆ
)âx(™ä»¬‹c*åX;ÆZk demolish óR,~ÅwÐÔZDwÃ@*ëßg]qw$+wg„¶Xì·oÆ–w 84 ÒyŇŠäF,Šh+7ÅX
LL6,zWIasäøg}F,¹IÕŠzV~ZDw(ËÆ�lÃpŠ%æEOLRÆZ·ZYVÅßÃ�Û‘6,46,úwHì'Îze$-2ÐZDwÅÑÅ�MYäÆF,¹IWÔZD1]Æ!*[~Ô¡Òï G
ELâ:»©7™CìXz{ÓxÕŠ�Ûœ~¸ZDwÆÜsc',^ÔM`ZDwÆ—g"zZÎg»(÷XZuŠZgQ~CD÷ā=ŠIäLLÃZDwÆ
94 !*g}~ZKgZñ$+wŠ~¶XóóZ¤/pZ»Š»Z·ZÅ#Å©ïEGLZDw6,#hgìÔ}Z„k°jg~Ô
@*ëZ·ZYV»ù¦gzt$+wŠHXZk»Y,{1YñÂplÍZgª]ƒCìX³m,Z£ä–ìāÚNKV6,ÌZº@gZñ7g~äZKtt
7ÅpÔ!*ÆHyLL¤/›gZ{óó~gZñ7g~ätZ‹ZsHāZkz‰ÜZ#LLZŠ[Zzgi0+Ïóó–ŠHåXLL~äZDw»¯xHH7,JåXZ[Z»s»»ŸìāZyÅ÷á²~Zzg,ÅÑ»Z‹Zs™zVX’ê
ELŠzgZV»Z(â<pZV
ZDwÅ 05 Zzg“Š.ïEGLZKy»Z(�{pZy�,œ~~Ãð÷á²:ƒZXóó÷á²~Zzg,ÅÑ»tZ‹ZsgZñ7g~Æ‚—!í�ÅÔìX
351
Z·ZÅZzgŠCÙb
Z£0+*‡ŠZL*yLL‘Õä O)ZDwÇ‚ióó~˜÷āTÇ~ëi0+{÷z{ZDw»ÇìZzgtÇÜs0*ÎyJ-özŠ7ìÉ7g}
°æOÓZgn6,”ìX'Üs**$œî EE0gziÇg†]„Z,ZÚiŠ3$Ë÷āz{Zq-{mÇ~i0+{g{™Zq-Z(*Çð™C÷�MäzZáÇzVÃÌOW,™@*`Y@*ìXZL*y>ZyLLZDwÆ‚BZ»s<óó~ÔZDwÃZ·ZKÐMߊ{K%Ô¾d$úZx»i',Š„qòCc*ìZzgZkK~ZDw
ÅF,)ã»hZŠZ™Šc*ìXZq-Zzg*y>ZyLL7gZZDwóóÌZDw.»÷{1ìX‡ŠZk~˜÷:
ËÌi!*yÆZzgËÌiâäÆËÌ(,}÷á²äZLŠzgÔZLçÑ}ÔZK¸xÔZLëèÖVZzgù¦ßg]~¬ÅêLZK+MÆ�RÔ(ÏÔçÙZzgçÑCÃc*]ÃZkzÝÔ÷ZðZzg!�~Æ‚B÷áh+„OW,Hƒ6ā‘Õä O)ZDwäH'ZDwÅÜsZq-,ìÔtZq-%1o,ìTÆ;VZKyZzgZkÆ)bÔ»Ñ]ZzgZkÆZk**]Ôi0+ÏZzgZkÆ"3ðGEO¬]ÔµMŠx»wZzgZkÆ˃ñMÃt
'ƒZq-åÀÆZbZ÷'‘Õä O)ZDwÆZW,Z]!�15 ÷Ô�M×M׬KƒDYgì÷X
ÐVp}~‡ŠäZDwÅ„~ÂZ**ÇV»ZÝÈŒÛZgŠc*ì:ZsxÔŒÛMyZzgZÎÒgÎwåXZzg¸|ìX
\.øIIZ°ÝÃgz¹ä9–ìā
25 F,¹IzVŧsÐZDw6,”h+NuÅwuŠZgQ~äZ(gÅX3591Y~¸g]~ZDw#³c¶XLLF,¹IZŠ[óóÃ=qqÝ™**ec¶pLLZkÆÜs{™îÃy',0*ƒZZzgZ�x»gZkÂ[ÅÓx¢,
6,zW~**BMiZŠÔ0+*‡ŠZzguŠZgQ~ÆK~ 35 ‹™Š~IXóó
451
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
˜÷:M`ZyŠzâV|Z]ÆìÑ]$+w`÷ZzgZDwÆ0t�¼Égì÷z{ZDw6,4ÅuzVÃgñc*:gñÔÁZiÁ
¹ Anti-Iqbal ÃðZ+!*]ZyÆÐ7òg„ì&YnXÉZDw6,Zy»czègztdÔZŠ!Zzg„~Z±gÐ
45 ZD1]~Zq-¤/ZVŠgZŸ†ìXŠâdÅZ’ZZyTgÐ 55 LLZDwÙÏóóZzi0791Y~÷áùƒðX
ƒCì:ZDw›ËZg~Æ÷ᲸXZk~Z¨ðËZg~÷áïìXZDwyz*yÅËZg~Æ÷ᲸXZk~7g~’&ëGLMiZŠ~÷áïìZzgZDw¬ÅêLZK+MÅËZg~Æ÷ᲸXZk~Z·ZKÅìZzg»gwâg¾ZzgšÆZ°gÅÑ÷áïìXZDwÅŠzu~ZzgŠ~wZyÅ«wÅF,Šh+7™CÉ÷}4,Šq-ÔZkÅÂ}ZzgÂW™CìYèyz*yZzgZÅ›ËZg~¬ÅêLZK+MÅËZg~»Zq-zìXZDw9sV
~¬@÷ᲸXZkZ½kÐZ0+Zi{ƒ@*ìāuŠZgQ~ÅLLZDwÙÏóó»gcµ
ìXZ[z{ZDwÅd™D÷ZzgZDw6,ZL‚—**gzZZ²Zâ]»Ô‚Zß'ÔZiZ!Ì™D÷X}¬Zy»!í�åāpŠ~1gjzZS:]ÅqïìZzgt,ÃÁM%e$»gz\ŠJg©8ìXìÑ]$+wYäƈ˜÷āLLZDwäyz*yÅ’q-MiZŠ~ZzgZ·ZKÃÌZL¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~»Zq-z
uŠZgQ~»ps”{gztÔZq-Z±gÐÔczèZzg"Ñv 65 ¯™Š¬Xóó7ìXz{ZDwÆjZáÐZ·ZKłįD÷ZzgZDwÃLZ·ZÅ
551
Z·ZÅZzgŠCÙb
ZzgLZsòZ·ZŪCÙ™D÷XZy»Zq-*y>ZyLZDwZzgñ4,xÔMwZ£uzgÆ%A$™Š{ùLLZDwZzgf[óó)1891Y(~÷áïìXZk~tŠzâVgD**]¹úc*V÷X}˜÷āLL»g{äZzgi}ŠzƒÐ(,}fgZùaZzZg÷ZzgZy6,ZÐZŠ~ŒÃwZxŒÛZgŠ}™ZDwäñ4,xÆ
75 ãCŠ~ZßwÃt™1ìXóóZDwä}ÌZÐZŠ~!ÃLLwZxóóŒÛZg7Šc*X'wÃwZxŒÛZgŠb
ŠZ],{ZsxÐ{g`ƒäÆáZŠsìXZDwä!*Ÿq-ìÑ]gpp)ªñ4,xÆãCŠ~Zßwt™ä(ÊZ],{ZsxÐ{g`ƒYäÆáZŠs
ZDwÆ7g}¯ÄÄz�ÃÃZ0+Zi™DƒñÔZyÆZq-Šz 85 ŒÛZgŠc*ìXZÃgÅðâã@*zsмU*"$™**ߧ&»gìXZDwÆ4,Šq-M&4è
JGEL9å
Zâ-$»|x¬gè!ZzgZÝâ´Å 95 !3™.ðE
VÃâwzŠzª»Z}¯@*ìX%èÆ_.Zk»ZEwìXZ·ZÅZzgZsòÂxu~ãCŠ~Z%sìXZ·ZK~¢zg~ìāfgZùaZzZgò!~g÷X:Üsi}Ô:Üs»g{äÉywÅZzg©à»gz!*g̘V0*õŠk—�Zq-Šz5ix̃VÔZ·ZÅÂx~Zy6,ZÐZŠ~ïNqìXZsxZkÅZYi]ŠêìXtUZsxZzguâtŠZg~~œuìZ%uâtŠZg~Ìâœe$6,46,FFìZzgZsxZКŠ™@*ìX
uâtŠZg~ZzgZ·ZK~tx¹ìāŠzâVâŠ{6,46,FF÷XZsòÂÄuŠzâVÐÔZkZ±gÐÔZìāZkÅãCŠ,zk6,Z2ZgƒC÷X–wZDwZsxuâñÅ]лxheÅZYi]ŠêìX)ÈtāfgZùaZzZgZÐZŠ~Œ~g{Mh÷(pZsxuâñÃuzŠÆZ0+gÌg‚rì@*āçÑ{¹ic*Š{ZOŠ~Qzõ<ÐôpgìXZkÑÆaÔ–wZDwÔŒÛMyœä‡âÈ÷Z_Ôw!ïGLg!*Zzgi2>»Âx?m,HìX
651
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ZDwë÷āf!uâtŠZg~ZzggzÏZ·ZKŠzâVZ�ÛZozy»³÷²‡âÈ÷Z_Ôw!ïGLg!*ZzgÂÄi2>ÃZsx 06 ŒÛMyäZŠZwÅgZ{CðìX
ä‡âãŸ�VÅŠ~ìÔ²ŒÛMyä¡ÿGNLTÅš©ð MEQŽ̊~ìÔT»
|xtìā¢zg]ÐiZZ+7ÒþE
L}.Z6,ya™ŠzXZDwZkŧsÌÂzŠÑDZsx~'wZzgwZxÅ×ãCŠ~wgBbìXŠzª:wZxfgZùÐ 16 ÷X
(Necessities) ¾ðY$Ëì:wZxfgZù6,yaÅY$ËìXZsx¢zgc*](Luxuries) 6,ya™äÅZYi]ŠêìXp$›4hé
GGOI] (Comforts) Zzgœ1]
ÅZYi]7ŠêXZsxÆçÙÂxZzgâŠ{6,*:ÂñV~ÔZk�ÛtzZ%sƃDƒñÔZsxÃZ·ZKc*uâtŠZg~ŒÛZgŠbZsx.Æo°ìXZϧbZDw6,tZ²Zxāz{uâtŠZg~Ã5i0+Ï«™@*ìÔ6āuŠZgQ~äLLF,¹IZŠ[óó~¬Z+HìÔc*ZDwÃZ·ZÅU*"$™äÅîÔZDwÙÏÆ
ZDwÃZ·ZÅc*ZsòZ·ZÅU*"$™äÅÃÒZ·ZKþe$ 26 o°ìXàäÆaÅXZ(™**¡¾æ E
LZDwÃ*™**ìXìÑ]~p~ƈuŠZgQ~„ZDwÃZsòÎcxŒÛZgŠ¶
ÆK~˜÷:ƒÐ¬eZË@*|äÔ�ZDwйŒÛd$g{`¸ZzgâgšxZzgñ4,x6,ZDwÐnŠÈî0ìw™`Ô÷á•çLætÆZ°gÃZsòÎcx»**xŠc*åXZkƳm,Z£äZk!*]ÙCÙZc*XZkz‰Ü~äZsòÎcx÷Z˜bŒÛZgŠc*åpZ[ZLìÑ]6,ÃU*ã™äƈ~pŠZkZ˜bÃ
36 X ZEw™g;ƒVZuŠZgQ~Ë:Ë^~ÎcxÃZDwЙ[™äÆ
Øg pZéq÷X_Åœî0ZDw»tZ0+Ziczè7ìX0*Îy~ÌZDwÃizg
751
Z·ZÅZzgŠCÙb
Z˜b ÐZsòÎœŒÛZgŠc*ŠHpZ[tgDy¢~î GOâè0[ìXèI¡¾æE
LZDwà ~ÎcxZ¤/¬ìÂZsòÎcxÑuìXeZË@*|ÆjZáÐZsòÎcxŒÛZgŠb$zgŠ?ìXZ·ZKZzgZDwÅ4ƒÆˆeZË@*|
äZDwÅF,)ãZyZÖp~Å:CKÌù7YìZzgZ·ZKÌù7Yì!CKzZá‚âV'׊zgzVÅœÃyZ`¯™¤‰ÜqÝ™D÷ZzgZ·ZKzZáŒz]»**xᙊzuzVФ‰Üá™ZL;B~ÑD÷XŠzâVúZxÊð»Šï÷:
CÙŠzgZYV**ògz**›CÙŠzm,ŠZV**ÙkMŠx�Ûd$i0+ÏZ,gZyz`MVgZyZ`
46 ŠgxÈZ,Šz÷MŠxiY`óóߊúîVÅzzÐZ·ZÅ|Z]ÃÂ7MðìX³m,Z£Zy
ZÃgÆÚø~˜÷āZDwäCKZzgZ·ZK6,Zq-‚BúHìuŠZgQ~ÃZkÄä 56 OçZDwÃg‡ÆZ²ZxÐ',~™**ÂìX
Â~eZÑì:Š+MV"3™-.ç FGEELh**Ùk',)zZ‹_ŠZgŠZ‚k
uŠZgQ~äZK»i³m,Z£ÐZïÑìXz{˜÷āLLâgšxÆçÙÃbÆZkU6,WÆ‚B÷á•çLIäpŠZLÒ**]
qÑètF,Šh+ZDwÆÒ**]Å7Z·ZYVÆß!í� 66 ÅF,Šh+ÅìXóóÅìX
851
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
LMg^»F,¹IÃtÔZiZ£ZÔfZ!²ÃyZDwÔMwZ£uzgÔ,]77X87 X1LZŠ[Zzgi0+ÏÔ!Z°gÔ2+§Zº@gZñ7g~Ô,]823@*133 2XL¡Òiªî EE0÷á�Ô!LL$¨å EGLZDw§‹ZDw~óóÔ%ûeZËd�ÛZ¹Ô,]332@*832 3XZðx@Æ4,Šq-?Zzg‡.Þ¿�xZ·ZK»�xå�ZDwä7 4XŠc*XZsx»�x–wZ£Z**eZzg"pìXZðx@˜÷āZDw
Æ;V"Dñ�ŠìXo]tāZyZÃg~Â÷áh+ZEwƒZì:ZâV÷áh+AZvƒ~! :ghZ}ŠwjÈðÇ„
t»Ñ]ZÌ**Óxì÷áh+āMg„ìŠâŠxœZñÁ¢5½ð
EGy!
)gzZe$ZzgŒz]Ô™58X!*ÁƒsÔ,]811Ô44(Zðx@ätNÃZ0+ZiHìāD�ZzgZZá÷á²~»z(ìXñßs˜÷āZDwÃúZx6,ZOŠ7X²çÑ{Z�ÛZŠ„»ù·ƒ@*ìZzgZDwCÙ�ÛŠÅF,šMeT÷XZðx@˜÷āZDw䃊xz„Š¤!V»Y,{71X�ÛŠ»m)®)ÐzZã7HZzg�`ÅZ0+gzã“Æi6,izg7Šc*XtƒZ§Z·ZÅÃÐZDwÆ_¬»³÷XZsx~uâtzœZzg�ÛŠz)®)Zq-Šzu}že$»!*)‘W÷ZzgZ0+gzã“Å(Zpé]Ô)zZ]ZzgMiZŠ~ÅZŠZg�Ûzr0*C÷X�xÆözŠƒäZzg§ŠÆZ²Zx»Y,{LƒŠzxóZzg„z¿Æ§ŠZzg÷á{6,4 5X»Y,{LƒÎxó~1ŠHìX\.-ôGÅZkÂ[»Zq-Zi+cÔуgÐ4591Y~÷áùƒZ&'äP 6X
ÃËZzg»–ƒZCc*ìX (Towards Pakistan) Zi+cŒÛZgŠc*ìXZzgZq-!*[™312( Islam in Modern History )Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:,]212X312X Islam in Modren History 7X
951
Z·ZÅZzgŠCÙb
\.-ôGäyz*ãF,¹IzVÐÔZDw(ËÆK~ÔZ.Š{Hìp�¼ 8XZkäÉŠc*ZkÆúc*VZW,Z]ÔF,¹IzVÆ;VŠ3ðŠï÷X7VÍgÄ7g~ZDwÅF,¹I~Zzgg‡6,4ÆK~TZW»DgƒñÔz{\.-ôGÆZW,Z]»³ìXF,¹IzVÆ´z{Šzu}ZIÌ\.-ôGÐOW,ƒñ÷XMwZ£uzgäZL�g*y>ZyLLZDwZzgZkÆNuóó~\.-ôGƉZ‹ZŸ]Ãz¯ŒÛZgŠc*ìX"!!*ÑÔ™452XZÝQøDfsì: 9X
"It should not be too absurd, perhaps, to phrase this point
by saying that Pakistan will flourish as a secular state only
if its Muslims are able to persuade themselves that the
truely Islamic state is a secular one.
ßyZi+cÔ,])!*nKM(711Ô621Ô101@*251X Modern Islam in India 01@*21XZsÔ™001X\.-ôG»ZÝÒyøDfsì: 31X
"The new religion was radically new, basically different.
Iqbal enunciated it, boldly; but he himself never really
believed it without reservation. He was a poet, not a
systematic thinker, and he did not hasitate to contradict
himself"
ZsÔ™621X\.-ôGqìāŠ*Zâ$+wˆìāZk~Çc*ªCÙ~è<ØÅ 41XRö7X›âVc*|ÇVzZá**xg"p!*]ìc*|Zzg**x~§ŠìXZsÔ™501XZÝZÖo÷: 51X
"For he (Iqbal) made God immanent, not Transcendent."
ZsÔ™901ÔZÝQøDfsì:X 61X"It is a transcendent immutable God in whom people who
do not believe in God do not believe. It is dualist,
supernaturalist religion to which anti relegious people are
opposed. Iqbal, John Macmurray, the Communist party and
all social progressives, attack traditional religion for the
same reason."
ZsÔ,]011Ô321Ô331Ô141Ô441Ô541 71X~Ô7491YÅOz¸g]¤/~»Z²ZxÌÔ\.-ôG
"Islam in Modern History"
äZDw6,¬Z+HìX)™59(ZkZ²ZxÆY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGLLHZDw061
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
DƒŠzx ZsòÃÁ÷?óó™731XŒV\.-ôGyzîVÆëâZ÷XZq-Zzg Islam in Modern History 81X
£x6,–ìāF,¹Zzg�Û‘zZge$~ÐZDwä�Û‘zZge$»ZN[HX)™451(ZkZ²ZxÆY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:LL„ZDwözŠc*MùóóDƒŠzxZsÔ,])!*nKM(511Ô611Ô531Ô431 91@*22:‘ÕäO)ZDw:/Z*]Ð"¾{÷Zzg:Zy»?m,™Š{gZ3ãìXZðx@
ä9–ìāZDwÆ‚tZsxÅ~Zq-Âxñ�ŠåTű343ï XJGG
ZyÆ4,Šq-ƒÐZd¶X)WZzgiWÔ™551(„~Z‚k6,Z‹ZŸ]Zzgg‡I~ÆZ²ZxÆY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔƒŠzx
Ô,])!*nKM(631Ô5212831Ô041 Modern Islam in India 32@*52Xúg]ÅŸõò»Y,{LLHZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzgg‡I÷?óóÆik,ÄZy„~ú~1ŠHìX7VÍgÄ7g~ÆZ‹ZŸ]»×Y,{÷~Â[LLZDwŠ#:Zq-_·óó 62X~5±ÙXŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ°jg~ÅÂ[LL@*gõ»*ñhóóT~Z·ZKZzgZ·ZÅgzkÅÔ 72Xè$MöÔæbuZðìXLLgzZc*‹,óóZ„k°jg~Ô™77 82X
92@*13XF,¹IZŠ[Ô,])!*nKM(221Ô411Ô321ZDwTZz[ÅŠú]Šï÷ZkÅãCŠ${ð
GO§Â©ìXqzgwx!*i/y
˜V&XZzgTZz[Ã@½W¯c*ì)uŠZgQ~ÆZÖp~TÐLL<ÍZD÷óó(z{Z·ZÅZz[ìq§&Ã3½è XME~Ìz„.÷6,zm,~XZsÔ,])!*nKM(311Ô411Ô811Ô911 23@*43XZsÔ,])!*nKM(521Ô421Ô521Ô621 53@*73XúZxÃÃZ+{àäzZàqÍc*Z·ZKì²Z·ZÅgzk~úZxpsÔƒZzg:â0+Ï»DggìXY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDw1÷c*…Ì?óóDÂ[Šzx 83XZDwÆ${ð
GO§}.Z6,Z‹ZŸ]ÆY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLHZDwzu]Zß�Š~ 93X
÷?˜!ƒŠzxX'×h+cÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔh]6,Z‹ZŸ]»f~ÄZy161
Z·ZÅZzgŠCÙb
LL${ðG
O§}.Zóó˜!ƒQ"iÆZ²Zx»Y,{ƒÎxLLÛpŠ~¢o/õ EIHÐâpfìXóó»Y,{LLH¡¾æ E
LZDw 04X»gì?óóÆi%æGLÄZyƒŠzxÔZzgZσŠzx~LLHZDwZsòÃÁ÷?óóÆi%æGLÄZyZDw6,Ygq:¢ðGO]I~ÆZ²Zx»Y,{1ŠHìX)Zsò@*zÞ]6,Z‹ZŸ]ÆY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔƒQX 14X-VÂZ·ZÅgzkÆ!*g}~{™ßZ©¬x6,M[ìpLL~ägzk~ 24XHŠ¬óóZ+Š*zm,ì�Zq-ZjyÔZb÷á{úŠ{yÔÆfZCx@Z]6,FFìX÷á{úŠägzk~Zb~ŽqÝÅZzg�¼Š¬ZÐ−™Šc*X°jg~ŧb�™xyZ·ZÅgzkÆ!*g}~pl�V~2gì÷Z¹tÂ[¢zg7,�ecXMwZ£uzgäZ¤/p8391Y~Zº@gZñ7g~ÔZ£ZZzg"ŒÆZDw 34X6,Z‹ZŸ]»�Z[LLZDwZzgZkÆNuóóÉ™Šc*pZy»gztF,¹I’q-Æ!*g}~d»g;ìXZy»Ô6491Y»–ƒZ*yLLF,¹I’q-6,Zq-Ãóó�ZyÆù”î0£Ñ]LLWHì?óó~÷áïìZk»o]ìXZLZq-ÂaLL_Åœî0ZDwÆÚøZ]óó~MwZ£uzgäZyZ‹ZŸ]6,ª]ªCÙÅì�F,¹I’q-Æu™Š{™xyä‘ÕäO)ZDw6,K÷X³m,Z£äLLF,¹IZŠ[óó~Zº@gZñ7g~Å’k,zVÃLßÃ~ó¹ì 44XZzgZyÅLL!VóóÃLZ\‹uÔZzgLzùD**uóŒÛZgŠc*ìX),]85Ô95Ô76(z{˜÷āZyÅZDwŠ#Å&z�;]™~MC÷)1(c*ÂZrVä¨gÐZDw»_·7Hì)2(c*z{ZDwƯxÆ7g}ZsòZzgZz!ZâZ`ÃZh§b™7n÷)3(c*z{¡?ØŠOòÐZK6,ZãgZñ6,‡ì
÷X)™95(³m,Z£äŠ-0+g**Bø7g¶Ô;Z£;Zzg$zx[Z−+‰F,¹IZŠ'VZzg÷á²zVäZDwÅgZ{úðÃ�yZ•d7HÔZkż,èìX),]26X36(LLëāI}ZbóóÆ_¬Ð¥xƒ@*ìā‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜs0+*‡ŠÆZq-*yÆ!*)Ô;äZ³ÆZ°ÎV~Y**ghŠc*XZ,V䇊ÆZ‹ZŸ]ÃLLöÈnÅ"pZ•I~óóŒÛZgŠc*X)™831(6,zW‡gK˜÷āZkœ~ÆaZzg0*v,Šì~‰(Ï¢zgÂV
261
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ZzgzzúZïÆik,ZW,âgËW~gzb~Z•I~Zzg}&½3ï EGG»K(,kŠHXz{'×h+˜÷āZº@gZñ7g~Z#ZDwÃÃÁŒÛZgŠï÷ÂZyÅZ•IZ:_.!*LM‚tMYCìX)W~p}Ô%ûaZ/Ô,]422X522(yz*y~ZD1]Ô,]51Ô61 54XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZD1CY,}ÔeZËg<Z−+;×Ô™17 64XLF,¹I’q-»wÔ!LLZÖgìwóóÔ™68 74X
(Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔgZx**È~»*y ii (ëāI}ZbÔeZËZ-[%iZÔ™731) i) 84XLZDw»¡Òiªî EE0÷á�ó˜!LLZDwX„z®óó%û¦ZÔ÷á{Ô™971ZDw„z¿Ô,]211X311 94X
(LLZ°góóÔ2+gZº@gZñ7g~Ô ii (F,¹IZŠ[Ô³m,Z£Ô™85) i Š&ÀŸ/õ GG) 05X0*zg¹Ô™133
(ì!*yŠZ**ñgZiÔ?zg-Eg;Ô,]671@*971 i Zyp}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG) 15X(ZDwÙÏZzg.y iii (ZDwÙÏÆiZzbÔ%ûeZËÐZºÔ,]Ô1@*8) ii)
%ûeZËÐZºÔ,]09@*39Zm]zÔÔ™75 25X
yz*y~ZD1]Ô™51 35@*45XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔyz*yÆZgŠz!{3¨4è
EEGEZzgÄZÔ%ûÍ8P**g8-z†Z"ZpÔ™942 55X
ZDwÙÏÔ™34 65XLLZDwZzgf[óó™031 75X
Z+Å&CÒø ELØgòD (iii) Z·ZKD!*Áƒs (ii) %gèZDwÔ,]6@*8 (i) Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 85@*16X
ZgèÈsi,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLHZDwZ·ZÅ÷?óóDƒŠzx 26X
LLZDwZzgf[óó%ûMwZ£uzgÔ™521 36XLLZDw»„z®ZieZË@*|óó%ûZahŒÛÙÔ,]99X001=ZÃgÆa 46XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZ·ZuzCKXYzh+**)ZDwX5úÔ™483 56XLLZDwZzgf[óóÔ™931 66X
/'/'/361
Z·ZÅZzgŠCÙb
461
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
MZV!*[
q‡+Zzg¤]Èà]2u4èE
GELZDw~w¶VÔq‡zVZzgà]ÆÔÇgzV»ŠZ],{ZÚzWìāƒÅ¶K0+„ÂìXg‡"$ÔŠZzgà]éÆZ%Zn~2ZÒ|Z]ÂË**xƒ`÷XVwÆîg6,œ@*`Z−+@*`ÃÔ�**xÆ‚BLL‘Õä O)óó̘¸ZzgLL"$ŒóóZzgLL^›Ïî I
0ZÙxóó‰g‚á÷áùKÔM`Ãð7Y}XZk¤/z{~ÄZÅ®ZŠic*Š{ìX@*ëi0+ÏÆŠzu}‡V~Ì
Z,|Z]ñ�Šgì÷X(ÏZzgçZ»',~aŠO~gØZZzg‘Õä O)æ¹ZÌgnp÷XÄZ~�l$Òk5éGãÔÃã$+Z-ãÔ%iZc*ku:Ôj[ZºM!*Š~Ô�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~Zzg�l'M!*Š~Æ**xúc*V÷Xq‡#èGELZDwÅ’k,zV~À˜$+jZÏŪÃMCìXZy»ÑZDwä/Z™ZCŠ»JZz™™**åXZy~ÐZÒäZDwÆÜs)÷á+i!*yZEwÅìZzgt!*]ÑëÂz
ìāΪ:i!*yZEw™äzZá9',}Z�xЊzegƒñXi%æGLÃY,}~Z,™xyÆf™6,ZrHŠHì�Šzg‡"$ÅMv~Rgìc*#Å©ïEGLZDwÃà]»fg=ŒZzg‘Õä O)ZDwÃ@½Z‹ZnzBc*y¯™ZLGZgÃúŠ~X
1111aŠO~gØZä–wpŠ0*Îy»**xzäHZzgZyÆZkŠú}Ã
@*ë ѽJqqÝìXZk§bgØZ»**x0*ÎyÆZ»',~÷áïìÔz{ZLZkZ³Zi6,‡ú7¸ZzgpŠÃLL${ð
GO§0*Îy»{ÛóóZzgLL!*ë
EL!0*Îyóó
561
ëZä6,¸XZkK~‘Õä O)ZDwZzg‡Z+ZW (The Founder of Pakistan)a ÆÜsZ²ZxF,ZÙÅZzgŠzâVÅ#¿{à-R6,QF,™ÅX‡Z+ZWÆ)� 1 ZzgLLx‘åEOZgóó‰ZÖpZEwKX (Quisling-i-Azam) LLx’Zóó
™xygØZ»ò0*ÎyÑäÆpZ×gì÷ZyÆatZq-Å+@î0„teZËYzh+ZDwä–ìāgØZÃLL‚g~/¸áyg;āZDwä ìX(
ZyÅ0*ÎyYlZàìZzg’&ëGL0*Îyûx!Æ‚B`äc*0*ÎypZz†Z°°Æ 2 qÝ™ä»Zßîg6,·Z»bÆu!*0+|Šc*ŠHìXóó
**xZLâ!ígQ41ZÆ',53Y~gØZ˜÷āLLZ¤/~äZ¹)ZDwÃ(Zkuº»êx0*c*Â=Â[~ZyÓxWîV»ÜāŠg`™**ƒÇ�Zk
~|]ÅŠgŠ**u$zg-V)„z¿~§Š(ÅŠZ*y÷X~t²n Ÿ3 ÇātUZLJ-„özŠgÚc*c*gZȸgJ-Ô!*CÙ:YäŠ,Xóó ™zV
uº»Zg‚[gØZäpŠHZzgZ²ZxZDw6,¬Z+™Šc*XZk|�3391Y (Now or Never) 6,Z[J-6,Š{7,ZƒZåāaŠO~ñßs»í
~÷áùƒZ‘Õä O)ZDwÆ8‹0îE
E0S[M!*Š)0391Y(ZzgŠzu~½k,zVÅpì4 ŒåXgØZ¡¾æ E
LZDwÆ«gÅZq-ñ`¸ptñ`xˆX 6,gØZ~g‡"$zŠ»%nZzg_.!îE0pŠúðuÐ(,JƒZåXZ(:ƒ@*Âøg~¸òzç@*gõ~z{4£x6,Ã,ƒDX!**È0*ÎyÅ#¿™ÆZ,VäZKŠ*ZzgMy]ŠzâVÃyZ[HXªÄ0*ÎyÆz{‰`ÐуgMñ¸X’&ëGL0*ÎyÅc*Š,ZI0*ÎyÆqz~@*i{‰XÓ#ÖÔ™xÈDzŠZøÔZ¶gZ]ZzgúZxËäZy»ZLw:HZzg:ÃðZÌŠ~XÆƳm,äZy
5 zZu]ÃZ\kÆZ0+Zi~ÒyHìZzg0*Îã¸xÅgzl6,**pÙªCÙÅìX²tkË¿¶XÆƳm,ZzgaŠO~gØZÆŠzu}**xCZ)º[ƼaŠO~(ñßsÃ${ð
GO§0*Îy»{ÛëZäÆaÂÁYígì
661
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Zzg ÷pZyÆØgÅÄvÖìXgØZZzgZyÆqñVÅßÒEVìX ZDw6,ZyÆZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{ƒXgx)LL${ð
GO§0*Îyóó(~1ŠH
2%iZc*ku:pŠÃ�,œ~»zZu÷á²â…¸XLLMc*]óó~˜
6 ÷LLsÂtìāZkœ~~u:ÆÎZËZzgÃ÷á²'¡pŠ�ÛRìXóóZq-£x6,ZL´z{‘Õä O)ZDwZzgZºZ[M!*Š~ÅdÌÅìX¸i~Z−+‹
Æ**xÐt]LLà‹»f/óó~÷áïHìXLLZ1šã%iZc*kÔ‘Õä O)ZDwZzg|]ZºZ[M!*Š~Æ»g**óQV™Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÂ¥xƒÇā÷á²~»%ûH—ƒ
@*ë–w*.çEGO&ŠZŠ!Š*~ZDw»Š$+/ŠN™Mv$у‰XZDw 7 [ìX»**xLLZ·wóóg3XZyÅi!*yZzgÒyÅ#ÅZzgZDwÆLLm,ŠZV&À.5å EEMzgZ}È%ŠZ:óó6,-VWÅ:
Z(r5éGOŠƒÂQHeg{ º[»z{TÐ}.ZÌ;gZ8 Hp[m~âgäáâgZ m,ŠZVÌDgƒŠHì"eg{
u:Zi@÷á²Zzg—F,%ûqÝ™MhpZ,VäZÌZzgà]qÝ™äÆax‹Å#¿ÅX¸ÔZDwÔ‹]ñ;ãÔZûÍ&+z~Ô®%ZŠM!*Š~Zzg�l'M!*Š~ƒZy»@s¶XZ¤/p–w.&Š}}u:ÅWLL{à{Ióó̃CìX}�lÆ!*g}~Zq-(˜÷:
z{ic*Š{Ðic*Š{�hÔg¹Ô–Ô¿!ZÖpęƙfe÷āÄ0ŠHÔ1ÁÐÁZÖpÔ‚Š{Ô™z',HZÖpÐic*Š{
9 Ðic*Š{paZ™**ZyÆ'Å!*]7ìXx‹Å#¿Ðvy„ƒYåOçz{ƒZX¸Å#¿u:
Åyz*y�#¿»!*)µXZiZVZsxÅ#¿ÅZzggÎZƒ‰X/ÆMy~Šzg~u:äZsxÆÜsÂ[è�–w‡è†ZߊzŠ&ÏÂ[
761
q‡+Zzg¤]Èà]
¶Xu:Å$+ÁāgÎÁZWzMy·-Zvmz]ÐêOÆÜs̼g!*ÈVKXLLZyg!*ÛVÆgœè¿~JZ9waZƒZZzg~~13âga3591Y
.&Šä–ìāZyÆ‚ây 01 ÃÔgÎZÁ§jÐÔZy»ākïÑŠHXóó~ÐŒÛMyˆ»Zq-',MæƒZåTÆqìV6,Z,VäZkÆZ|[Zzgçã6,ZLZ‹ZŸ]â^K¸X
Zkf†Zzg»g™ŠÏÆqïu:äZDwÆÜsÔ8iïELfsg!*¦Åßg]~Ô$+i!*ãÅ:
n»÷á²ì:agZ컩8ì¯Ð»xlzZì»~Ìz„HƒV�?ëƒLLZ·wÔZu!*wìóó1»ì»
²£Îæä–ìā�*yLLu�ÛZióó~~÷áùƒZz{Zq-fZCâåZzgZ÷á®)Æa7åXZk*y~u:ä}.ZÅÂ�ÅXgÎwåÃÇ1VŠ,ZzgŒÛMy»èZtQhZc*Xtâc**y÷áùƒŠHZzgu:Ã$+i!*ãŬŠ]P7,~X²£Îæäu:ÆŠÃq~–ì@*ëZy»Òyìāu:ÆÜs~~�ākïÑŠHz{¢ñ6,åXZyÆì6,»´Ðƒð¶ZzgZyÆŒ~Á
11 ƒñ�ÂV»;gåXCÙgZêZy6,ðÂZzgÇ1VŠêåXMxM!*Š~u:ÆëD¸XZ,VäZq-Â[LL%iZu:5ä~Ô
§]Zzg÷á²~óó÷áùÅXZk~˜÷āLLßgmÌ™|#¸Zzg§m�¿ßgmÌ™|#ƒZzg§mÌÔZLM\Ã�,œ~»zZu÷á² 21 ÌXóó
â}ƒÔx‹ÆÜs$+i!*㻬Š~ƒZzg}.ZZzggÎwåÅÂ�Ð!*i:MñZ¤/ZkäZDwÅ#¿ÅÂf)ŠZg~ZDw6,¬Z+7ƒC#³ZK¬Š]»pŠf)ŠZgåX
861
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
3œ@*`Z−+Æ&Âa‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜs÷áùƒñXZyÆ
**x÷)1("$Œczs/˜›KÔñZiUZDwz@*`)2(^›Ïî I0ZÙÄ�Zq-
)3(^›Ïî IL0ZÙx�ŠzDÐV6,%A$ÅwÐÆZ@ÆZ»**xìXMy~Âa6,2591Y»‚wŠg`ìXœñßs»¬gsLLiŒZgóóäøDèfsZÖp~’k,Hå:
уg~Zq-™r#÷œ@*`Z−+Z£@*`XM\ÕÌ�ÛâD÷Xplâ+Ì™D÷X÷á²~Ì™D÷Zzg!ïGLKÌgnp÷ªZL**xÆ‚B‘Õä O)Ì–™D÷X‘Õä O)
M\ÃZkaàC7,ZìāeZË·ZDw‘ÕäO)¸Xœ™r#ÑÕä O)ZDwÅV»�Z[™»%nìX‘ÕäO)%jxäZq-Ä
è¶T»iìXpŠ~»u.VÆäMSÈî WMSÑZvpŠ~ì$ÔYVÆäMSÈî WMSÑZv
œ™r#äZkÆ�Z[~Zq-ÄèT~Z§$¨ÿ GEiâãÅpÒMg„¶XM`ŠíiŒZg~Zq-77ñßwƒZìT~ñZiUZDwz@*`Њz>’÷XZq-Z-‘Õä O)ÅZzgŠzu~¯~‘ÕäO)ÅXñçqì:M*U¬DëŠtñ6,Šz÷á²zVÅq¢~XZDw%jxÅÄ6,–ìÔ‘Õä O))eZË(u·ZDw%jxZzgœ™r#ÅÄ6,%xìXZâxZæxÔ®ZŠ[Ô×iKÔ@*`ZÈZ6,zW‘Õä O)œ@*`Z−+Z£™r#@*`œgZŠZg{
31 уgXZ[�ÛâØZDwz@*`»H£? ¬DëŠtñÔËäLL.8-óó~@*`Z−+@*`Æ!*g}~–āLL=Z,
961
q‡+Zzg¤]Èà]
MŠñVÅf†6,gz**M@*ì�¡ZC**x�g™äžnÐ(,}(,}èÃg{”V~ZDw6,�Z‹ZŸ] 41 ÷á²zV6,ú™ä~Hi7gTXóó
«Jx K‰÷z{96,Zä÷XZDwäqƒ6,WÅXfñ™ZxZzgß5ñÅ÷áy~$+i!*ãÅXñÑ**@æãÅ÷áy~øqÅXZDwÃÑ<z§gÐÃðuz»g7ìLLF,ZUy~óóLL*ØZ!óóZzgLLgZxóó~ZÒŠzi0+‘ìXwz÷~§Šìz){XLL^›Ïî I
0ZÙxóó�Zq-Zzg�Šz~ÇCV»@sz{™xy÷�@*`Æ4,Šq-LLZDw6,„óó÷X
4�l'M!*Š~äZK÷á²~~ÔLLc*ŠzVÅ',Z]óó~ÔZ¶g~»ÝZzg
ZÚz-~T§bZDwÃâx™**e;ÔZkЪCÙƒ@*ìāZDwÆÜs�lÆ_.!îE0g‡"$zŠ~”]ZzgöìXZyÆZ‹ZŸ]ZDwÅ÷á²~6,Ì÷Ô,6,Ì÷Zzg„6,Ì÷XZyÆ4,Šq-ZDwä‰ZÖpzF,ZIßZEwK÷XLLx;ñ({óóßìXx»á)Zzg({7ƒD'ZDwDÅzZŠ-VÐÄZD÷X›˜´»f™™D÷pyz*y»**x
7feXz{Mù÷á²ÆaaZK‰pZsò÷á²~6,QF,MñZzgözŠƒ™g{‰XZv¬\Ð]µWi~ÃMäÅpZéLLâŠ{6,4óóZzgLLZ;"ìEGLZÅ:ö XWóóìXLLL‚gc�9ZƒZóó~Zq-Z+JÙZzg$+×~ňì&i!*y6,7Ñc*YYXZDwäLLGÃM�y6,mJŠc*óóZzgLL=Ã{u~5Šc*óóXqÑèLLGóóŒÛMy»%ŠzŠZzgLL=óó8[ÂìXZDwMŠñ÷á²÷Zkaāz{ŠzuzVÆìÑ]ÅF,)ã™D÷ZzgZyÅfZC7!*ÇZzhìXZDw
ä"54fõE
GHIÆLLâ¯tZ²óóÃæs!*sx™ÆLL÷á�óó¯Šc*XZDwÅ÷á²~
ZZwÔgzZc*]Zzg�Z+ŧs^7,~XZDwä¦sZzgâˆZÅŒ43š5é OEGG]ÃLLwÅóó»fΙZC1XZôm,u»gÐZDwäLLuóó»æ[¼Zg~ÆA
071
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
~zßwHX�l»Zq-Z‹ZnÌŠg„7XZy~мŠZ‹ZŸ]»¶K:z{
Z,Vä(,}(,}Šú}KppZgƒ™]ƒñX�l» 51 pŠ‘W÷XZq-ŠúòLL÷á•çLMyZ²âyóóƒä»ìX˜÷:
ñÑñZ»%æEL˜VƒVZ}Šz„ ŠZ**ñgñiZ,zMVƒVZ}Šz„~LL÷á•çLMyZ²âVóóƒVZ}Šz„ YVZ3ÿXLÃ7,³:Ý÷Z
61 p–w%iZ·ëgÔZDw÷āZy»iâ:Mä„7ŠïXgæŒ{yä–ìā�lÔ‘Õä O)ZDwÃÔZCwp${ð
GOg™D¸XtßZ0+7
ÅZ•¶X�lZzgZDw~i}M�y»�ÛtåX�läŒāTŠg`™!*]½YñÏZzgTŠgic*Š{Øgîc*YñÇÔZÏŠg�YÅg»hZŠZƒÇX-VZyÅ&¢A»(,ZzZ+÷á²~Å2+gƒ@*g;T~Ò�lzyzlH„ƒ
71 ZzgÒyÅŠg¹X„ƒÔœZ‰ÜZzgŒZkŠgÁìāÍc*7ìXZ1ZæxMiZŠZzg‘Õä O)湊zâV8881Y~aZƒñXZDw/~Zy
ŠzâVƒñpŠzâVä (Inspire) ЊHg{',k(,}¸XZDwÐOW,ZL].Z].ZgZ5ïáZzgZy6,−XZ1Zæxy~¸rÆbŠZg¸Zzg»ôÏ(„~Z뙊ZgZŠZHXy~¸ryzZÒe$ƺÅgZ{¶ZzgZ¤/Z1Zæx»!í�»x!Ðë)gƒY@*Â0*ÎyZzg@Š÷ÅMiZŠ›gc*ZM`ñ�Š:ƒ'X‘Õä O)æ¹âèŧb7g}yz*y6,›âV»
ºeT¸XZkÑÅ{§Z,Vä{‚g’q-ÑzqÅXtZq-±ZzgÂZ**’q-¶pZôm,u»gÆZq-„zZgÐZŠ|ñðƒX›>Zzg‡Z+ZWÅ#¿Ì‘Õä O)æ¹ÃP7,~Zzgy~›âVÆZ½¦;äZ¹gŠ™Šc*XZ1ZæxZzg湊zâVä0*ÎyÅ#¿ÅZzgZkK~ŠzâV**»xƒñ@*ëZ1Zæx¸gC»ŸÆgÁgìZzg¸gC›âV»–gZÌp
171
q‡+Zzg¤]Èà]
æ¹Æ;B¼:Mc*XT0*ÎyÅZ,Vä#¿Å¶z{ZyÆaYßVÅù:0eZzgZ¹{zÈÅùGVЊzegƒ**7,ZX
‘Õä O)ZDw:‘Õä O)æ¹Å§byzîV6,›âV»ºeTZzg:Z1æxMiZŠÅ§b›xÃy~r»ZgïZzgyzZÒe$»õx¯äÆh~¸Xz{ŠzâVñVÅMiZŠZ:F,¹Æqò¸X%æEOLR~Zq-c*ŠzMiZŠ›gc*2V»ªxeT¸Xz‰Üä‘Õä O)ZDwÆ$©�î EG
0ÃÅÂ}ÅìX‘Õä O)ZDwÐYÅ{§™xÈDZzgZIŠw4,Šq-zŠzgÐуgí
: p‘Õä O)æ¹Ñƒg~ªxÆŠzgZyÌ‘Õä O)ZDwÅgVÐ;c*[ƒñXz{ZL„~Z{î»DggìZzgZyÅ‹¿2ÏZsò¶Kè0U*6Æa',zñ»g:MmXZq-¤!gñ`Šgc*ÐQ_p‚7ÿL%ZŠJ-V:mX
‘Õä O)ZDwÅ!*&ëEYLŠgZZzg‘Õä O)æ¹ÅLLE+™{óóŠzâV4291Y~÷áù81 ƒNXæ¹ä!*ßZôpZéÅāZDwZk6,û{Kpz{MâŠ{:ƒñX
ZDwÃZ0+Zi{ƒŠHåāæ¹»�:êEXLZsx**³ìÔz{)ZoZzgZ•I÷ZzgŒÛMy
áâŠ~¤‰ÜÆ”w»fg=B÷XZyz�{Ðæ¹Æ;VŒÛMyzZsxƒYD÷XZDwäZyMgZ»ZÖgaŠO~·@ (vulgar) Æ_ÅïEL¬DÔ¬x:
eZ˼gZ£ZúZyäæ¹Å 91 Æ**xÔ4291Y~‘‰Ô‰˜èo~HXZkgZñÐZ·t™**ÂìXZy 02 #Å©ïEGLZDw»gZyèoÐ�hZìX
èo»DZ¤/æ¹ÃƒY@*Âz{ZDwÆÜsZÏiâä~õfÅwŠïXz{:Üs{ñlgìÉZDwÅzÃ]6,xÃZyÅx]6,¿™äÅSÌÅXZÐLL‘Õä O)æ¹»‘Õä O)ZDwÃyZ•o]óóÆik,ÄZy−™ÆeZËZúZy
˜÷:Z¤/t!*]Šg„¶ÂŠzâV),gÍVÆŠgxy×Z¾!*]» LLåXQ25X1591Y~Ð]zÁŠÆZkÑzZ»q-§†îg6,Y^
271
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
7,**Hpg‚rìX¸!*]‘ÕäO)æ¹Zzg‘Õä O)ZDwÆ7,"zZßVÆaF,ŠŠ»!*)ìXZk»Zq-„�Zi7HYYì
à ā0*Îy“WÆâiZG{oÆxZâVä‘ÕäO)æ¹Z0+gZq- X.GV~Ц/ZgZÔZkÆË~‘Õä O)æ¹Æ
w ŠgCgœè¿aZƒZZzgZ,VäZyƒic*ŠZV»f)ŠZg‘Õä O)ZD12 óó ÄŒÛZgŠ}™ZyÃâx™ä»"2.ç ELGHZQV1X
eZËZúZy»t‹tÔ(,~uJ-ÔŠg„ìXZ,VäLL‘ÕäO)ZDwZzgZ¤/pZyŃMgZ‡.ÞJw 22 ‘ÕäO)æ¹ÅçÜZ:îóó6,ÌgzÝeZàìX
@*ëæ¹ÆZÃg»‹t™Æz{Zk9ËJ-ã÷ā‘ÕäO)æ¹ 32 7÷XLLy$�î Góó»îsŠâpeZËZúZyä 42 ÃLLZDwŬK5+k,Zð»œ)åXóó
ZKÂ[~÷áïHìXLLy$�î Góóæ¹ÆÃgÏZÃg»ù·ìZzgZkÆŠâd~÷á²~á‰wZzg)Zsòz)ZKã÷ŒÛZgŠc*ìX÷á²~æ¹ä
@*ë÷á²~Åè#Ö–weZËZúZyZDw 52 pŠÌÅZzgZkÅÐz�{ÒyXXÃâx™äÆaÅXz{˜÷āLLZDwÅeZø‘ÕäO)æ¹ÃZkÕi
62 ~ÃMðāTPÃgxZzgb96,z{9ZìZkÐz„á1YñXóó6
4,Šq-zŠzgÔ#Å©ïEGLZDwÆ.Þ1D6,ÔÕñà]gppzZßVÅÃð¶7Ô@*ëXtìāCÙ1ZÛkÆ!*g}~7g~YyΙ**z‰Ü»MqìXZKã¡]ë{ìZzgYyÎÆ%gZi;ñŠzgÈ{:J-)õwƒ@*ìXZsxŠÔ¸ÂVÆMÈî0»gÌŒVz;VCÙ(ñ�Š÷XZâg�ZY:âöÔ
72 *yógÔô°Zzg÷á²÷XZL!*g}~Zq-Â[5Š‹Ð÷áù™ZðìX6,zWØ•zZVäZsxM!*ŠÐZy»Zq-ÂLÛ=zGóó÷áùHì
82 ZzgZâg�ÅpZéÆ_.Zk»�Z[ËÙ?ØÆ%ԙŊú]ìX
371
q‡+Zzg¤]Èà]
Zâg�»ges)z?(ÐZq-g‚!ÔQgŠzZzgZôm,~~LL_KóóÆ**xÐïs÷T~$ÒïGLZsðÔ0*ÎyZzg‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜsp}÷áùƒD÷X
92 ìX ÃÌZq-{mg8-~7HY@* (Role) »[g‚ª$ó[åÆ™ŠZgp�{y~rÅ 03 ªZyÁ!*]tìā|Z])0*Îy(ÐmìX
×e$™D÷X%iZÝxZ£Åd7™DpZ%ZÄZDwÅ{§‡Šc*ãZ%ZÄZDwÆK~Zy»Zq-îs*y 13 ßZÐZ.Š{™D÷X
†g~8991YÆLL_Kóó~LL‘Õä O)ZDwX¸g]°æY
LIóóÆÄZyÐ÷áùƒZXZkÑg}»ZŠZgtÌZDwŠ#»úc*V1ìX
Zâg�»!í�ìā0*Îy‡ì7ƒ**ecåX».$zs\.-ôGÅZyÆìw 23 §b7491YÆ¢5ÿ
GGL¬xÅf)ŠZg~ZDwÆÛG6,eZàìX
~rÅZ‚kpãg¤V6,ìÔè<Ø6,7ìXZyÆ4,Šq-ŒÛMyZkÅ33 ¤&™@*ìX
ÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨ééééGGGG
GGGGGGGG]]]] jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔgØZÅÂ[LL0*Îyóó'32zZV!*[Ô2Š&ÀŸ/õ GGLLgØZZq-ÎZö/~óó 1X
'ÆƳm,Ô,]062X162i0+{¥zŠÔ,])!*nKM(524Ô424 2X3XZDwäy~›âVÃZq-PÃgx6,¦ƒäÅSŶpgØZä 4Xel,|Z•MÅKZµ¯ðXZDwäLLZsògc*„óó»${ð
GOg7HåpgØ
ZäZsxÆZ½¦(ÏÂxÆf™Ãv.s™Šc*XZDwZsxÆçÙÂx6,¢gnppaŠO~gØZäÔgØ]Š}™ÔZL‘ƒñTZÚz-Ã
~÷áï™Zc*ÔZk~›gc*„Æ (Inside India) {−{ZŠd${ßÅÂ[aLLÎcxóó»Âx?m,HX
471
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔÆƳm,ÅÂ[LLgØZZq-ÎZö/~óóMy~Z1Z[ 5Xu:ZjZwzMU*gÔ.&ŠX,]84Ô24 6X7XZsÔ™24XLLm,ŠZV&À.5å EEMzgÔÔÅÑb-ŠÐ²ä-VÅìLLt÷á²Z: 8XZ|[ÒyìÔZkÐ%ZŠìZLM\ÃÌ‹Zm,Š~Æg8-~g4™**XZDwäZkÄ»${ð
GOgZL%”ÆZkÄÐZ~.Hì:
�ÛÂzêDgzm,ŠZV� ),k,+Òºc*l%ŠZyZ0+ZZ‘ôfû³³Çøèø]Ö³³×#³³³äôæøÚø³àû Zzg%”gzòät${ð
GOgŒÛMÈœÅZkMe$ÐZ~.Hì
)ZÂ{:831(Xóó)Ñb\ÄætÔ,]874X974( Úôàø]Ö×#äô‘ôfûÇøè÷XX ]øuûŠøàö
ZsX,]14Ô05 9X01XjZßVZzg'×h+¬]ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLQgŠz»My~ÕŠóóZiÆƲ£ÎæÔ,]232 11X21X@*432Ô532@*732"$ŒZHzs/˜ŠKXñZiUZDwz@*`Ô,]01X11Ô13 31@*41XgZ¶äZq-*y>ZyLL‘ÕäO)ZDw6,�lÆZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{óóZµÐÌ– 51X
ìT~t‚g}Z‹ZŸ]ik,cMñ÷Xt*yLZD1]ó†g~Xâga0002YÙkóó ~÷áùƒZXt£!eZË;gzyZÇæOæ&4gê
GEOÅÂ[LLeZËZ-[™',�gZDw~÷áïìXöZÈZDwÔ™321 61X
zlÔ,]54X64 71XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwòZzgæ¹ÔeZ˼gZ£ZúZyÔ™65 81Xtèo«%ûLLï**)óóÑg{69X5991Y)уg(~÷áùƒñXZkÆ12 91XZ6,s6991YÃLLâZñz‰Üóóä-xZDwÆñî6,Zyèo»7gZQ÷áùHXLLZDwòZzgæ¹òóó~tèoì@÷áï÷X
02@*22XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwòZzgæ¹òóó,])!*nKM(61X71Ô932X042Ô54@*26VwÆîg6,eZ˼gZ£ZúZyÅøDfsMgZûÃ÷: 32X)1(LLèoÅuJ-‘ÕäO)ZDwä‘ÕäO)æ¹Æ!*g}~XìÑ]»ZÖgH
ìz{¹)²:z**oƒ¸Xóó)™26(eZËZúZyäZyèoÐZ~.™Š{æ¹6,ZDwÆ!*g{Z‹ZŸ]Åz„¯ð
ìX),]Ô85X95(t!*]7Ãg6ecātèo¸�4991YJ-571
q‡+Zzg¤]Èà]
),·gìXZDwZKËgZñé¬x6,7Ññ¸XZyÅgzlAQY%zZà7¶XZ,VäX}.÷á]»ZÖg4291Y~HÔˆ~z{9Šg„U*"$ƒñX‘ÕäO)æ¹äZLºmûZsxÆ_.�gZ3Z(gHz{Ë2w6,îzZÑ7åXeZËZúZyt™D÷āLL´)æ¹ä’q-Zzg +CÒ3þGE
GL0*ÎyŽ7g#¿Åóó)™33(tãCŠ~!*]ìXeZËZúZyä–ìāæ¹äu¦ÃL»�ÛóZzg‡Z+ZWÃLGã[Ô¹X)™871(tZzgZk§bżŠ!*ÂVÐæ¹Å„~Rz~»Z0+Zi{ƒ@*ìXæ¹Æ!*g}~ZDwÅMgZ™T$‰XZk»Z0+Zi{eZËZúZyÅÂ[Ð̃@*ìXZDwäæ¹ÃÄ~fztЬg~Cc*ìXèÃg{Â[~÷áïæ¹ÆZÃgÐZkgZñÅÂ}ƒCìXZDwäæ¹ÆìÑ]ûgŒÛZgŠc*XZkŤ&eZËZúZyätÉ™™Š~ìāLLZDwäqƒÆß5:ìÑ]6,dZ‹ZŸ]
KZzgZL¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~ÅgzÝ~Zy»‹tHåX‘Õä O)æ¹äZk$©�î EG0ÃÃ
%ËjZáÆZLŠâd~�V»ÂV7™Šc*åXóó)™35()2(eZËZúZyä‘ÕäO)æ¹Å#Å©ïEGLZDwÃóóZDw(ËŃÐ(,~¢oZzg±ÃÒóóŒÛZgŠc*ìX)™11()3(eZËZúZyÆ4,Šq-LLf!½ÔMiZŠ)²ZVÔ/ge$Ô‚³F,¹z){
Æ!*[~ZDwÆZ°gZ{î»DgÃMD÷óó)™06(tgZñ¼ŠZ‹ZŸ]6,ŒìX|tìāf!½ÔMiZŠ)²ZVÔ/ge$Zzg‚³F,¹z){ÆK~4+„~gZ{úð‘ÕäO)ZDw„ä�ÛZëÅìXZDwòZzgæ¹òÔ™542 42Xæ¹ä–ìāLL÷á²~Å',ZÇVÆ0ZyìÑ]ƃDƒñ÷Z 52X
MÒ{ZzgZt)y$�î G(ÃúZxÆ‚t7™**¹¼!*)ZnZgƒYìXmmmmøøøø³³³³ÏÏÏÏøøøøççççûûûûÖÖÖÖøøøøççççûûûûááááøøøøÚÚÚÚøøøø^ 7ÔÉM\»ÄÈ™÷á²zVÅè#Ö™**Zq-$©�î EG
0ÃÐOñpŠÆkH{L{»]ZtìXPÄc*Zq-(,ZŠ-ZyÉ™ZLM\Ã÷á² ŸŸŸŸøøøøÿÿÿÿmmmm³³³³ËËËËûûûû³³³³ÃÃÃÃøøøø××××ööööççççûûûûáááá
B**÷~Ã~fg$œî G0³]„7É!*)Â�ì'÷Z±gMÒ{ZzgZtÃ7™ä~ÜsZkŠgìātƒZkz‰ÜÆ÷Z#~oGg{',k»åÔM`Zyþƒñ!*K',k¦/g`÷óó)fZ!ZDwòZzgæ¹ò™761(÷á²~Z¤/‡.Þè#ÖìÂZЩ¬x6,Ñä»Ãð�Zi7pZ{z{0º)Ð
671
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
¬ÅƒXæ¹»Z˜tìāZ,Väic*Š{÷á²~(,J9~ÅZzgZk»Z(�Zi7H�ªZyÁìX}t¬Z7}.ZäŠc*ì:
>=Ì:ƒs»–gZƒ =ÂhÐ5¬ìāļVZzg}}.ZÆgÎwåäpZ[~M™ÄÍ𻬊c*:
ZvZv·åÃœZYâ %~�Ûc*Šàz‰Üp÷áYâ»âVÆ6,Š}1÷~âZYâ M�V6,z{š/u¶āÁYD¸u!*É4èGEL\>î IXåCÙŠzuZYâ Mç÷~�Ð>Þ~Âi0+ZVÃZVZkÅë†ÐÌÎZYâ ²nÅ�?ç
EELŠz¬ÝåtF,Zˆ÷iF,}h~÷~"uŠ¬Yâ ƒZZg÷áŠā'LL¢−Yî?H=ÍáāìŠZ§+Yâ "¯Ä‹ÄiŠ{Z#ÖÃ
(:.ïGXGLĶ@*{ZYâ F,~’k,ìŒÛMyŹ¦k,
)fZ!ZDwòZzgæ¹òÔ™621(ZyZÃgÐæ¹ÆÄ~fztz£g»l!Z0+Zi{HYYìX/Z±gÐt©à÷á²~ìXæ¹Å¸÷á²~‘ÕäO)ZDwÆÜsZ²ZxF,ZìVÐMߊ{ìXtù!*zgHYñāZk»¬}.Zäc*}.ZÆgÎwåäŠc*ƒÇXZ¤/t÷á²~¬}.Zz0+~c*Zg÷áŠt~åÆ�©¬x6,MðƒCÂZk§bÃZ0+Zi:ƒYCXfs~æ¹Æ¼ZzgÄ~%ä7KYD÷XZy~ZDw(ËÆaŠzu}_.!*]Æ´z{9zZäxлx1ŠHì:
Â1BāHg0+å¡Šd ~?ZCŠî@*ƒVêeZk»çì‘W„',!*Št+:ƒYñ ¶÷÷á²"âtZLgZ{úf6F,ZÌ‚{0Y@*z( NK~Š+Dt»�Û=M@*7Š*~» mñ÷!*÷6,ë)¾}ā†nÐzT»{ F,Zzl¾}ÄzV~¹Vz{¸Y…„ZkÆZyZ°gÆ% ZDwÅz{GzóziyÅi0+Ï
ZDwòZzgæ¹òÔ™242 62XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZâg�¨÷á²óó6,eZË9ziŠŠ~»û{Ô!LLZgŠz,-g--óó5Š‹Ô 72X
mZÆ',1002YŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔèÃg{Âa»7Â>ZyLL�!*]Å}.ZÅn¾…~ÅóóZiØ•zZV 82X
771
q‡+Zzg¤]Èà]
Zâg�ä–ìāLL—gí䬲1VÅZ&bZzgQZéÃ�:»gЊ* 92X6,²[º‡ìHXZÏaM\ÜsÑ„7¸ÉM\²[Z'.5é GF],Æ!*ãÌ
óóX)_KÔ†g~8991YÔ™8(MÀ]åä²1VÅÅZzgZyÅ»gÐzZk,Zy~Zsx¢zgàpz{œ-VJ-²1VÆÝx0™g{‰óóX)Zs™7(LLZ¤/pßÍVäp~‚Æ0F@*zf{g¿÷p|tìātp9²!ÅMgizÆ!*)¿~Mc*Yèz{ZLzíÃ%œ/@Š¯™ZЊ*ÆÓx´ÐZa¯**eTóóX)ZsÔ™9(
MÀ]åäyZȲÃ]~8‹0îE
E0›ZߊZqÆñî6,zZãîg¹åā˲[ÃËQ6,Ãð¤qÝ7ìXZy»�x²[÷„»7ZvÅqS»åXz{Š*~°ÁZ½¦Æ†¸ZzgZKã)zZ]ÔZKãMiZŠ~Zzg!*bZpé]ÆZßw«KXâg�ÅaZö|Z]~ƒðXgw}ŠÃZR,iZzg².2.çFHz°M~?zg~°u Z 03XgìX!Z}!K™äƈŠâ7~ÌÅXQ',¤6−‰Zzgz;V6,Z6,K),÷Æfg)Zhâàw¯àX)ÃZÔ!:ZDw»Ã›=zG(Zâg�Æ*yLLZDw'¸g]¤/Ióó~Z(ÃðjZ!Â7pZyƉ 13XŠú}Z,÷��†ZÓ].ÅÂ[LLZDwZzgZ£e$óó~ñ�Š÷X·Z£Yò
äZ%Zq-jZ!LLZóó»Šc*ìX)_KÔèÃg{Ñg{Ô™62(,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»Ã›=zGÔ,]21@*51 23X
Zâg�äÎgÒZÆZ]ÅMe$31»jZ!Š}™LL¸róóÃU*"$HìXèÃg{ 33XMe$~XV»f™ìX�¾qw#ƒD÷XMe$»AtìāLLÅ[óóÜsTyÆa÷²ƒ*ÅãCŠLL¾òóóìXÎZwtìāZkMe$Ðy~rÅÂ}ùƒÏ²yz*y~ÃðZq-±M!*Š7ìX
/'/'/
871
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ZV!*[ â
‡Šc*ã‘Õä O)ZDwäi1§YÆM¸i~LLlZ#Òƒi1góóÆi%æGLÄZy¹
ìāLÂZq-©à‚�÷~Mç»6,Š{0Y@*ìZzgL~Zq-ó{ЊzâV˜yŠN©8ƒV:
òØŠ6,ŠÒ8g+êFI%æFL»ìÇì
Šh+{ZxCÙŠz˜VgZXìÇìZk¸w»]Zt‡Šc*+M»çnÌìXZDwy~zm¸rÆ
bŠZgZzgP',ÎVÆŠzgZyZkÅ×e$~ZzgZkÆ�ÛzrÆa¼Š6,@*|>è‰p¢„ZÐF,u™ÆZsòrƆ0‰XZϧbzu]Zß�ŠÆܽZsxÃbÃF,u™äÆaZDwäic*Š{z‰Ü:1Ô
p‡Šc*+M»XæÂVJ-ZyÅ{mÂz»%œ/:0eZzgZq-9ŸJ-îÆaZ,Vä¹²ā1XZ¤/pZDwZ’ZÐoÒ»t]Zzg${ð
GO§˜Š
ÆbŠZgZzg!o-
÷GLñúŠÉëŠÆ${ðG
OgÃÌ7â…p²áJ-ÔŠzu}¼ŠZ»',ŧbÔ%iZÇVÛâV»�Û‘BgìZzgZ#ZkZ6,g™äÆZò[¦ƒñÂZDwä%iZÇVÃ)›ŒÛZgŠ¶Å?m,7™Š~XZ[ZDw6,Šz§bÆZ‹ZŸ]zZgŠƒñX‰ZDw#³›âVZzg)ÇVäZk!*]ÃZYÑāZDw‡Šc*+MÆa3,xÍgnp¸XŠzu~§s%iZÇVäZ‹ZnHāZDwä5391Y~Z¹)›YVŒÛZgŠc*²ZkЬZy»‡Šc*+MÐLL÷ZmóóåZzg5391YJ-z{Z¹›âV„»Zq-�Û‘B¸X
971
òw1391Y~‡ìƒðXZkÆu',Z{%iZaZ−+úŠ¸XZDwÃZkwÆgÁÅwÐ%iZÇVÆ‚B»x™ä»ñµ5Âz{Zy
ƺmgzbÔo}Zzg³ZìÐzZ�ƒñXZwZgZzg‡Šc*yÅ!*bMzm,lÆ!*)‡Šc*ãXZÌZ(g™ŠHÔOçZkzzÐÌZDwÃZk§sÂzKzw™**7,~XZDw䇊c*+M»"3�ç EEEL¸],Y,{1ÂZkË6,ãā%iZð›y7÷ZzgZ#Íg3,º[äÔZ³×e$ZsxÆ‚Ñ:H~Ô›âVÆ!*bZíZtZzgªŠ]ÆhZy6,Z\kªCÙHZzg›âVÃgzZŠZg~
Zk 1 »tg{Šc*Â#5391Y~ZDw»Ô‡Šc*+MÆÜsª*y÷áùƒZX*y»©¬x6,M**åā‡Šc*EVÆ0*îVÒÐi}òˆZzgz{ZDw(ËÅÃ@V~µ‰X
Zk*y~ZDwäzŸs#Åā›âVÅzu]ÜsŠ´${ðG
Og6,Z2ZgìZzg›çÑ}Ã8-ê
EGLt]»o{„‚Y»D�ÛZë™@*ìXZ¤/Zy
~ÃðZ(¤/z{aZƒ�ZKZ‚kZq-5t]6,gÇZzg),’êLpŠZLZAâ]6,ZNŠ:gppzZáÓx›âVû�یԛyZÐZsxÅzu]Æaç{${ðG
Og™}ÇXZ¤/ËxÅzu]Ãç{ÑhƒÂZkÆaZkÆÎZZzgegÒ»g7gLāz{ç0+Z:ÂVÆÜsZKæZf™}XQHtoƒìā
ZÝ)®)ÃgzZŠZg~ÅSÅYñ²ZkÅzu]ç}~ƒZzg!*©¤/z{ÃVÅ7g~MiZŠ~ƒZ¤/pz{VÑ^ZzgŠÙxÐ_m,ƒX
PgziˆZDwä–ā~äÓ#ÖÃttg{7Šc*āz{‡Šc*ã’q-»/ƒZ−ZŠ™}X÷~gZñ~Ó#ÖÆa4+§$þGL»gtƒÇāz{‡Šc*EVÃZq-Zµ)®)t™}Xt‡Šc*EVÅ0*ŒÆÐ_.ƒÇZzg›yZyÐz+„gzZŠZg~лxáljz{!*¹èZ<ØÆçA~
2 Z(g™@*ìX
081
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ZkЬ4391Y~Ô&CÒø ELZwZgZsxÆi%æGLZÈxÔƒäzZà
3 LL‡Šc*y»Ð÷óó~‡Šc*EVÃ)›Z¼ŒÛZgŠ¶»_cƒ[åX‘Õä O)ZDwÅ?m,CÙZ±gÐFF',Z»s¶pZk»Jgœè¿ƒZ�ZÌJ-Yg~ìX%iZðpŠÂ›âVû�ÛBp›âVäZ¹)›ŒÛZgŠc*ÂZ¹t!*]**ÍZg¦/g~ÔOç‘Õä O)ZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]»ŸÑzqƒŠHXZkK~¼Šp}‡Šc*EVÆZ¶gLLZóó~÷áùƒñX‡Šc*ã)®)ÆZâxäãCŠ~Z‹ZntQVc*ā5391YЬeZËuZDwZ£-VÛyBÔZ[YVZ¹CkƒZāZ£-VÃZµ™ŠbecXуg~)®)Æu',Z{äZq-Zôm,~g‚!÷áùHT~t!í�Z(gHā%iZÝxZ£ä"3ð EEO]»Šúò7HXñßsäZDwÆZkÒy6,JWÅāZâx³»
–w±2+k,*i~ßzZgZ¶gLLÑV$óóä 4 ${ðG
OgXÏèZ<ØÆ‚BºmìXtZ‹ZŸ]‘Õä O)ZDwÆ 5 tgZñªCÙÅāLLtf[iŠÏ7ÂZzgHì?óó
0*v,\LLZsòpÄÅgzbóó6,¸XZ¶gLLÍgZ,óóäZDw6,Ú»Z²Zx¬Z+™Dƒñ–ā¬ÂZDw)“ïGLZ£tÅ°p™DpZ[ZkÅ#¿6,#hƒ‰÷Xgzi**)LL·}óó~Zq-0*gÏäZî`
™Dƒñ–āZsxäÔXÏ�d$ÉÔŠ*�'VÐZ.Š{HìXZDwÆÒyЪCÙƒ@*ìāXÏ�d$»ÃðU‡.Þ°p7XèÃg{gzi**óäZLZŠZgb~PZëÎZÑ]ZVñX»ZDwŧsÐ
6 �Z[ÌZÏgzi**ó~÷áùƒZXtIt#Yg~¸ā�ZCÙÑw1zä%iZÇVÅ×e$~ZVc*X
LLâegyg--óó®~ZyÆ&p}÷áùƒñX�Z[~‘Õä O)ZDwäZq-i',Š„ÒyŠc*TäMÐ^™Zq-*yÅZ(g™àZzgt*yLLZDwZzgZ£e$óóÆÄZyÐ÷áùƒZXŠzâVp}»:©Òy™D
181
‡Šc*ã
ƒñ±2+k,*i~ä–ìā&CÒø ELZwZgZzg)“ïGLZ£tÆ4,Zqк[Å
ceg¶XòwÆZ0+gZzg!*CÙtZˆkåāZkƼÁÜXòÆOñZLfZCZzg)�£œÅV~zs÷XZkìwÐtÎZw@*i{ƒŠHā›âVÅzu]»¡zZPx¾Zßw6,ìXßvZkÎZw»�Z[èIc*(ÏUЊï¸TÐtXZù`ŠHXZDwÃèÃg{Òy)‡Šc*ãZzg9Z·{›y(Šb7,ZT~=ôňā(ÏÔZ½¦ZzgèIZ±gÐzu‹Z#ÖÅZ‚k¾Zßw6,ìXZkÒy»÷áùƒ**åā§b§b
ÆÎZwaZƒäÑZzgo½Ægzi**ñVZzgg‚bzZZ+äZk6,gZñiãÑzq™Š~XtZkaāZDwäZq-Z,4,Zq»Ÿ�„CÙèIo}J-özŠåÔ(„zZ½qÐ�hŠc*XZ,Väzu‹Q!ï OGÅ�Åz{»ôkÆy~¸rzZáÃbЃŠx¶®ZÒy÷áùƒZÂH]�ZCÙÑw1z
1zä�ÎZÑ]ZVñÔZDwäZq-*y~Zy» 7 {ñl:g{nX1zä'×h+Ãð*y:–X1zÆZq-âÆ�Z[~ZDwä 8 �Z[Šc*X
Zk¯6,ā',¤â~Ó#ÖÐzÊZg~ÆÃbÃZAò@*G�ÛZë™äžn9 ÐZ£e$¼g~MðÔ‡Šc*EVÃZsxZzgyz*yŠzâV»¼ZgŒÛZgŠc*X
LLZDwZzgZ£e$óóÆ�Z[~LLZóó‡Šc*yäaŠ{ÇV6,ŒÆ(Review of Religions) Mp}÷áùHX‡Šc*EVÆZôm,~6,d
Zq-SàÑg}~Zq-*y>ZyLLeZË·ZDwZzg’&ëGLZ£e$óó÷áùƒZXT~tZ‹ZnHŠHāZDwäZLÒy~Z,Ãc*]7K÷qZyÆæZjVäÌß¹ìX}ZDwä¹ìāÝxñVÆZzoÆ
Ë~ZAxÀ©8ìXZkìwÃÄ~-V!*0+Jì:¸g]°æ
YLZZxìz{ßg‹5ä õxÆZAxÐZvXñ
²ZÒZmCY™ZôPõxZZx„~¬_K‰Xt]ÅœZ‰Ü»
281
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ZDw»*y†g~ 01 £gqSc*õè7ìÉpŠZAxÅâÎ6,ìX6391Y~÷áùƒZåX�Ûzg~6391Y~‡Šc*EVÆZ¶gLLÑ"3ïJGHóóÆæk,äZDwÅfZ]6,úHXZ³×e$Zsx~‡Šc*ãZg»y̸ZzgZkzzÐZ³Å‚ÄyZ[ƒg„¶XZ³Æœg‘Õä O)ZDw¸XZ,VäZg»yZ³Ãtg{Šc*ā%iZáÆK~Z¹ZK0*ŒzZã™ãecZzgZ#»"3ð EEO]ÆK~Zq-ŒÛZgŠZŠ7ÅÂeZË%iZ©[á)Z³ÆZ뇊c*ãgÁ(ä�l~M™Zzg9}ƒ™¹āLLWi~g8-~ÑMYìóóXeZËñßsÐZ%sHŠHZzgz{VÅqª~Z°kÐzZuMXâŠyZy6,ÃÒ»úƒZTÐZy»ZÙwƒŠHXZkzZî÷:¯™æk,LLÑ"3ïJGHóóäZ¶8/õG~–:
Zq-4+ðÃeZË·ZDwätìwHā%iZ©[á»�ÛìXOçeZËZDwäZ³×e$ZsxýŸŠc*ā%iZ©[áÃZµ™Šc*Yñ6āz{ZkZˆy�ÛZñlZzg";ÆVÅ)®)~1zZKÑZÄÆg�Ƈ.Þ:åX}.ZäZkÃZK§sš1XëeZËZDw™r#ZzgZkÆgDÙy¤/z\ÃIgu!*ŠŠï÷āZ[nZMŠòŠ*~7g;Zzg
11 eZË™r#Z³Å™ÏœZg]Ãi“M©X%iZáÆÜsZK’k,zVÆ!*)‘Õä O)ZDwÔ–weZËYzh+ZDwÔ
OçZDwÃ@½W¯c*ŠHZzgZyÆ 21 LLZ£-VÆtz…»¶K:¶XóóZ%ZxÅÃ@V»M¸iƒZXZDw6,‡Šc*EV»ƒÐ(,ZZ‹Zntìā5391YJ-Zy»‡Šc*+MÐLL÷Zmóóg;Zzgz{Z¹LL›yóóBgìp5391Y~ZyÅ¡Òï G
ELâ:ƒZzgZ,VäZ£-VÃ)›ŒÛZgŠ}Šc*XtZ‹ZnÔ¦/¸Ûœ~ÆŠzgZyÔ!*g!*gZzgZ¬]Æ‚BŠCÙZc*ŠH
ìXOçLLi0+{¥zŠóóÅ"ÆŠzgZy�ZÚiZ£äeZËYzh+ZDwÃZq-
381
‡Šc*ã
óâ^»g™Æ5T~!*g{ŠÑbZkK~÷ā5391YÆM¸iJ-‘Õä O)ZDwÆ4,Šq-Z£~ŠZ],{ZsxÐ{g:¸XQZyÅgZñ~ÔZ£~)®)
�ZÚiZ£ätŠÑbLL¤xZDwóó 31 YVZkZOŠZ],{ZsxÐ8{gƒX~ÌŠgK÷XZyÆìw~ZDwÅgZñ~p~ÅLLzz»ôkZwZg‚ilÆ�ZwZg»Š!*îZzgZyÅg6ŠzZ*V‰X‚iìVÅpl¬ÐZ4ŠâVZq-fZCçn~‘Õä O)»ZˆkøzòÌ÷áHTÅzzÐZ£e$ÆÜsZyÆ
41 Ò**]~z{”]ZzgÒŠgMð�¬xîg6,ZyÆì{Æ_.:¶Xóó�ZÚiZ£ÆZkŠú}»§qÝ�Z[eZËYzh+ZDwäLLi0+{¥zŠóó
@*ë�ZÚiZ£äLL¤xZDwóó~ZkÐÃð°nK%ZL 51 ~Šc*ìXŠú}ÙCÙZŠc*ìXZ%�†ZÓ].äLLi0+{¥zŠóóÆIt#Æ�Z[~7g~Â["ÅìT»**xìLLZDwZzgZ£e$Xi0+{¥zŠ6,û{óóXZq-Z¶gÆæk,äZLû}~Ô�Â[~÷áïìÔeZËYzh+ZDwÃtg{Šc*
ìāz{ZKÂ[ÆLLZDwZzgZ£e$óóд”V6,ÃU*ã™,c*QYzh+ZDwäZktg}6,¿7HXZ% 61 †ZÓ].Å’k,»�Z[KX
eZËz©‚]ä�ñßsÅÂ[6,QVc*X8gzi{LL'g]óó~ZyÆp}÷áùƒDgìX�†ZÓ].ä�Z!p}‘XŠzâV™xy»LL'g]óóÆ,]6,cā¤/xg;XZkeÆZLMy~*yÆfg)Ô
Ñ^s»êŠ*6,ghDƒñÔeZËz©‚]äcÃÈ™ä»Z´y™Šc*XZkcÐ�†ZÓ].ÃtÃZ+{ƒZāZ,VäLL„ZDwZzg’&ëGLZ£tóóÆ**xÐZq-ZzgÂ[»g™àTƼŠZ1Z[LLZDwZOòÆ8ZÝe~
71 [Æ“u»ZiZ!óóÆÄZyÐ÷á$ÿLÂ[÷XeZËz©‚]LLZDwZzgZ£e$óó6,÷~ó{eZsŠxŠx6,
�†ZÓ].äZDwÆ 81 LLÑK"3ð EEO]óóŧbLLÑKïóóÈVŠ3ðŠîX
481
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
{0+Zã:©ÃZ£e$Й[HìXZq-§s|ðZZxÃc*�`â�`ŒÛZgŠc*ìZzgŠzu~§sZôm,xZâVÐ%iZÝxZ£ÅzÊZg~ÃY,ŒÛZgŠc*ìXZk�ZiÆaLL‘Õä O)ZDwZzgZôm,xZyóóÆÄZyÐLLZôm,~Ó#ÖÐZDwÅzÊZg~»53‚!gkgeóó7HìXLLZDw6}ÅMæÆøóóZzgLL‘Õä O)äZ£-VÆÜs5391YÐIi!*yYV:Åà?óó‰ÄZ**]̇ìK÷XMy~!*[~ZDwÅ,6,Z‹ZŸ]÷ZzgZkK~uŠZg†ZéxÆ@*W,Z]ÌÒyK÷XLL¡¾æ E
LZDwZzg’&ëGLZ£tóóÆuzgt6,LLñZke:‚wX#¿&‚wóóZzgLL‘Õä O)ZDwÅ',¤6u»gÆ‚BzÊZgc*Vóó‰ÄZ**]ÌŠg÷X�,!*[~LLŠ*½ÆâCÙ#èGELZD1]ÃLLŠú‹ïóóŠ~ìZzg-ŠÐ²»tL{ÜHìāLLZDw1191YJ-
91 Ë%iZðZzg%iZ™r#Æ4ǸXóóZDw»LLZ£e$Ð÷ZmóóU*"$™äÆa�†ZÓ].äiz§ï
ÜsHìXZkЬ�†ZÓ´Zzg�âgZ£¡az){Ìt!í�7™`¸XZk»Zq-ÑÂ%iZáþe$à**ìZzgŠzuZÑ‘Õä O)ZDwÛâVÅóƒV~¤/Z**ìXZDwÅ,ZzgZ°g6,Z‹ZŸ]»Ì¸ÑìXZDwîzq§0*ÎyÆZ³ZiÐøzx™äÅÃlÌň÷X�†ZÓ].»Šúòtìā8‹0î
EE0Z!M!*ŠZâx)®)Z£tÅ8291Y~7Å
LL»ïpŠZ(g~óóÅ=ôzìZzgtāZk»$©o-êGG
GLyÐÃðm7XZ,VäZq-ÄZyt‡ìHì:
LL8‹0îE
E0ZÈîWM!*Š»„yÐÃðm7óóXLL|]Zâx)®)Z£tÅ?m,óóÆik,ÄZy–ìāLL0*õ›ß"8gcÆZßw6,yz*yЋg÷Zzgyzß"¢o%œ/~Ó#ÖÆ
02 â�g÷Xóó6,zWÆƳm,ätU*"$™äÆa(,~œÅìā${ð
GO§0*Îy
581
‡Šc*ã
ZDw»7ìXñßs»‡Šc*+MÆ‚BÃðmìc*7ÔZkK~zNtмIÂìXZDwÃâx™ä»Zy»_./Z%¹¸~ìXLL_KóóÆæk,Zâg�ÆŠ+ZZy»èÌ7¸XZ,VäZL*yLLZDw¸g]°æ
YLIóó
~y~rÅ×e$ÅìZzg‘Õä O)ZDwÆ™ŠZgÅŠzS:]³Å÷X12 óó Zq-LLyzŠ#óóZzgŠzu~LL%iZÝxZ£‡Šc*ãÐg‡"$Zzg†ÈpŠúðX
Zâg�ä}Ì%iZÝxZ£Æ**xÆ‚BLL|]óón»Â7–@*ëèÃg{*y»â~.‡Šc*ãßZSî�†ZÓ].ÅÂ[LLZDwZzgZ£e$óóìXŠzâVìc~�ÛttìāZâg�äZDwÆÜsŠgh+{Š6лx1ìXLL_KóóÆZq-Zzg*yóg·Z£YòäLLZDwXZq-pÐi·,óóÆik,ÄZyLLZóóÆjZáÐÆƳm,»Zq-ÒyÜHìXZ¹De$tìāÃ@*{Î|Z]ÃðZ+!*]Gg6,MâŠ{7ƒD�Z¹‘Õä O)ZDwZzg‡Z+ZWÆK~"dc*Z0+So]Æ!*)**IƒXZL!í�~ziyaZ™äÆaÆƳm,»ÒyÜHì:˜÷:
Zkßg]qw6,û{™Dƒñ0*ÎyÆZq-**ñg@*gõŠZy LL6,zWÆƳm,äqw„~Zq-Òy~¹ìLLøg}úZx_.!*C÷XZ¹u™äÆaË4pZ0+{ô°»»Ýc***pZ0+{ñß~ÅZq-½k,»°ìXl^ÔzAÔzZdƒ6,
WƒCìpøg}‹zWÐÞZ÷óó)fZ!Z0*ÎyX42m4991Y(zZãgìā6,zW³m,º[ÔßyÔ
22 óó ;[+w',vZzgyîxÅ-Eg-V~6,zWg{`÷X¨gÔ!*]tìā!**yè0*Îy6,LLWóóÃZq-îÆîg6,i0+Ï
»Ñ¯he»�ZiHì?HŠ*~™äÆaZzgÃðÆ»x7ì?LL_KóózZßVZzgÆƳm,»ZÝX¼ZzgìXLLZóó»jZ!ZkgZiÐ6,Š{QV@*ìX
681
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨ééééGGGG
GGGGGGGG]]]] jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙt*y¼ŠZZ+z XQadianis and Orthodox Muslims *y»ÄZyì: 1X
Z¶gZ]~÷áùƒZXZLâ¯x_5åGO2+k,*i~ñgQ71#5391Y~ZDw˜÷āLLz{*y�M\äŠÁN*Z~Š¬ìŒÛãÓxZôm,~Z¶gzV~÷áùƒZìXZ7yN*ZÔR,'yÔ·}Ô6gMsZ&+c*®Ô´z{ZkÆQgŠzZ¶gzV~Zk»F,ÀÌ÷áùƒZìX41#Æ·}ä''ZkÆZz6,78-MgçÌ–ìX)¯!*]èZDwÔ,]272X372(Zk*yJ-¡¾æ
ELZDw
Åg‚ð’góƒðX¹Y@*ìā‘Õä O)ZDwZzg«YZv÷á{gg~ÃX‡Šc*+MÅ»ZˆkñÑ**Zâg÷á{±o-,ç
IG~äŠÑc*XÔ%"0î GOEZöZ}zZu Thoughts and Reflections of Iqbal (i) Š&ÀŸ/õ GG 2X)2LLw½ZDwóóQgŠz Speeches Writings and Statements of Iqbal( ii)
Ô%"0î GOE Discourses of Iqbal (iii) %û"Z£{yÑzZã F,ÀZiÑzZã(÷á@@giZ¹X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔÝlYzŠZVÔiZ@¡a¬%Ô™231 3X,ZzgjZßVÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwZzgZ£e$ÔaZ£eZgÔ,]94@*35 4X¯!*‹ZDwÔ¦2+k,*i~Ô™003 5XLL·}óó»ZëF,+ÎZwtåāZq-èIIÆZ0+gzãZ%Ã]ŧs 6XÓ#Ö¹VZzg“Âz™}?ZDw»�Z[tåā³VÆ_«»ZOgK%Ó#Öä9191Y~Z7yzîVÐZµ)®)t™1XZ(„z{‡Šc*EVÆçA~™$ËìXZk,Zy~·ÇVä»t]ÆZßwÃPc*p‚B„Z´yHāz{Zµ)®)÷Zzg›âV~÷áï7÷X‡Šc*EVÆ‚tÜsŠzgZ÷÷Xc*Âz{·ÇVÅÇ™,Zzgc*»t]ÆZßwÃt™,ZzgZkK~@*zÞ]ÃF,u™Š,X),ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDwZzgZ£e$óóXeZgÔ,]26@*56(
781
‡Šc*ã
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ!*]ZDw%û¦2+k,*i~Ô,]013@*213 7Xt*y̦†ZßZuZzg"Z£{yèzZãÆùúV~÷áïìXZgŠzF,À 8XLLwsZDwóó~ìXŠzâVp}»ZgŠzF,À)ìZyp}»:©(LLZDwZzgZ£e$óóZiaZ£eZg~÷áïìX
Speeches X™6032 Thoughts and Reflections of Iqbal Š&ÀŸ/õ GG: 9X™142X Writings and Statements of Iqbal
LL@*gõZ£e$óóX,]791X891fZ!LLZDwZzgZ£e$óóDaZ£eZgÔ,]211X311 01X,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwZzgZ³×e$ZsxÔ·ð÷á@Ô,]131@*631 11X¥zŠÔ,]965Ô575 i0+{ 21@*31X¤xZDwÔ,]591@*991 41XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔi0+{¥zŠÔ,]965@*095 51XZDwZzgZ£e$Ô�†ZÓ].Ô™42 61X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL„ZDwZzg’&ëGLZ£tóó»ªÔaåÔ‚ÂZVZzgMZV!*[ 71X�ñßsÅLLïóó»Z0+ZiøDfsVwÐzZãì: 81X�†ZÓ].Æ–wLL!*ë
E0ŸZ£tÅi0+Ï~‘ÕäO)¤ÏÐZÏ!*]Ƈb
¸āŒZgÆŠy−Z[»ŠzgŠzg{ìXZ[„¢»»xŠ3CìXOç¯Åíg¤ðÆ”GzVÃŒäÆaM\ä2091Y~Z³×"ìGGLZsxÆZ°k~7,SYäzZàÄ~tÄ÷áïH:
0ˆíg±hé NIt»JÅŒZgH $ÆÌŠyLZ[»Šzgì)ZDwZzgZ£e$Ô™171(
ZkÄÆMy~�ÎZD¶KyìZІZÓ].äv.s™Šc*ìX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:ZDw»Z’Zð¯xÔ%ûŠHyPÔ™751(TÈ~tÄìZkÆ]ŠkZÃgÆMy~ÎZD¶KyìXLL„ZDwZzg’q-Z£tóó™483 91XZDwZzgZ£e$Ô,]142@*442 02XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL_Kóó)»ges(†g~8991YÔ,]41Ô62 12X22X
/'/'/
881
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ŠÎZV!*[ŠZ#Ö6,„Zzgf[6,„
Z1ZæxMiZŠ˜÷āLLf!ÕyÅZ÷á®)äæt~Zq-J“aZ™Š~ìXZq-§sŠ*Z°g÷XŠzu~§s].h+ZßwX¸“
¬ÝZsò~ÌYg~ìZzg&)ÈaZƒ÷XZq-)®)Š*jwÅìÔ�ZLÓxÇ~gÎxzìÑ]~ñÆ‚BƒðìX˧bÅEZzgw•Zk~70*ðYCXŠzu~)®)5±ÅìXZkäf!ÕyÅM[zƒZ~6,zgl0*ðìpZsò½ZzgMŠZ[Ð"¾{ìXz{ïZzgYæfZzgúZxZÜkÆ�Z+zgÎx„ÃZsxŠìZzgZ¹F,¹~âúŠN
™ágZzgs[ƒìXŠ~)®)5w„zÃÅìXtZyŠzâV)gzVÆaz‰ìXt:«)®)ÅŠ*Ç~¨ƒðìÔ:ŠzuzVŧbf!�d$Æc[~ËìXZk»ZNŠtìāf!ÕyÅÓxpÒVqÝÅY$Ë÷Ô%ZkÆāZsxÅÇZzg{ØgzbÃvyàc*
‘Õä O)ZDwÆ4,Šq-f!ÕyÅpÒVZsòZßßVÅÂW÷X 1 YñXóóZ¹Z(g™ä~ÃðCÙ7pZkÕyÅyZçVÐÈecXZ1ZæxMiZŠÅgZñÃÜ™äÆ�·Z™Zxä–ìāLLZkçA~x6,ƒÐ(,ZZˆyZâxZ:÷á{zàZvò»ìXZ,Väz‰ÜZzgâjw»ìw™ÆŠ*fÅ”h+#¿Æ!*z�ŠÄ»F,ÀHXZK£?~=ZzgÅÆ»çV»7gZìwg3ZzgŠ3Šc*āZsxZzg›y)®)Ð7g~§bzZhg{™Z&bZzgF,¹»gZ3ùðƒYìXZk§&»gÃKÆa÷á{™r#
981
ÅÂÁZ[Ì!i›ÿI
L@Ze$÷XpŠ*Zzg].h+ÅZÝ“÷á{™r#ƈaZƒðZzgZkäÎZz‡](,~ç**ußg]Z(g™àXt“ZÌYg~ì'ZDwTgZ56,`Ôz{Ð÷á{zàZvÆ_.åXZkÆ_·Zzgx@}»vhå:
iâ:Zq-Ô§]Zq-Ô»Ñ]ÌZq-2 ŠÅ5ÿGLÁÃ~¢~î G
0].h+zŠ*!óó0*ÎyɬÝZsx 3 ‘Õä O)ZDwÅZq-úc*VS¤ÂZiÈ„ìX
ÆaŠg„gZ{迸ìX–w�·Z™ZxLLQ}ŠwÐÎeYñÂ÷áh+Š*Zzg].h+ÆŠgxyZ%sz#¿ãCŠ~Zzg**¦/k,7XòF,¹ZzgÍpZ„ÆaŠzâV»oƒ0*k¢zg~ìXZ¤/Š*ÃÃZ0+Zi™Šc*YñÂâè»gTиòèZi{ÈkìÔI^YñX\?ç
IEL¸rÅa,Å?Zzg$zgƒ
YN'ÉzZ§tìāŠ*ÃÃZ0+Zi™äÐò&6VZzgxÅÇpçVZzgAV»Z0+Zi{„7ƒY'ZϧbZ¤/].h+Ð"µ',CYñÂwÅF,¹Zzg›zú»gZ3ȃYñZzgòz�ŠZq-YæZzg"Yy
4 ßg]Z(g™áXóóZDwÅ#¿Š'.3ð GGVäÌÅZzg].h+-VäÌÅXŠzâVZL
ZL$©�î EG0ÃÅ×e$ÆaÌZDwÅ÷á²~c*�ÐZ+Ñw™D÷XÇÝw
Å÷á²~ÆŠ−ZŠ{Zzgïz�Û‘6,„ñß~Š'.3ð GGV²Z·ZÅZzgf!ZŠ[Ô,Zzg�d$Æqò].h+-VÆi%}~MD÷XèI)´ÐzZhfÀ˜Š*Ðic*Š{zZhƒD÷²=6,„Zzg;]Æ**x.ŠâCÙ+Üs].h+Ƈb÷X].h+-V~цZÔ‰czsZDwÙkÌ÷2VäZDw6,f[Š#»Z²Zx¬Z+HìXZ¹"3©5å GEGGLf[6,FFZDw»CÙ
Gygæä 5 ÄœMƒgzZV~%Š{YâgžCƒðÑlÃMc*ìX
091
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ŒÛMyÃÃZ0+Zi™DƒñZKÂz',}yZzg¬6,%ÃiÅZzgZDwÆ${ðG
O§}.Z6,zW™Zg@Æ4,Šq-ZDw»t!í� 6X ÃZy\VÅpìŒÛZgŠc*
Zˆk²~»1ìāŠ!*CZzgAExŧsg�q™**›âVÆaZKZyÆìw~t!*]7ƒ$Ëā‚bÃÂáßZzg 7 ZÝŧsßRìX
ZLè<ØÅgzZe$ZzgZŠZgÃÌ�V»ÂV',ŒÛZggÅÔZyŠz!*ÂV»é7ƒq²g¶§Zi÷āZDwLLZÒ£â]~ZK÷á²~~ZyìÑ]» 8 YXóó
ZÖg™D÷�!*ÇZ,„÷�¦Z£{yÅ].h+ExÆ”wÅ’q-Æ9 ŠzgZy~øg}4pZ0+{5¹™D¸Xóó2
Š*Zzg].h+ÐzZhf~V»�ÛtZkZ¶g~cÆÐzZãì�eZË·-ŠÍgZt»Zq- 01 X ZDwZzgZ¿ŠÆK~7891YÆŠzgZyƒZ
*y>ZyLL‘Õä O)ZDwZzg].h+Zsògc*„~Ñ<»Z(góó&ÇV~÷áùƒZXeZËÍgZt˜÷āLLÑ<Å»Z745é E
GGg¾ÃqÝì?H¨QVÆ)ÉZ�ÛZŠZk»hgnp÷c*$š2.ç
GEGLÑ<»Z(gɸòZÔ»
qÝìX‘Õä O)ZDw»Z¿Š)ãìX’<å XL].h+~Ñ<»Z(gÜsZzgÜsɸòZÔÃqÝìXZyÆZkZ¿ŠÆŠz(,}:L÷Xª:LtìāQVÆZ�ÛZŠ$š2.ç
GEGLÑ<ÆZI7ÔYè7g~¸xÅÑ<Zq-
ì²z{Zq-Ñ<ÅOñZZzgJg[¢§AðEGXVÆúÒ}÷Xz{ZL
�ÛºÆaZK}Å™Mh÷17g~¸xÆaÑ<Å7™MhXŠzuZt:LìāZsx~Z(§$š2.ç
GEGLÑ<7g~¸x»hìX}.Zät
Z(gË�ÛŠc*6ú!7HÉZk»Z(g7g~xÊc*ìX’<å XLg‚ª~—ggÎwZ™x-ZvmzÅÔgc*4ZñgÔÓäç5]ZzgçÑCzçÙZŠZgzVÅú~úZxÅgZñ¥x�ÛâD¸Xz÷ázgë°ZÑ%Ô)ŒÛMy3:951:
191
ŠZ#Ö6,„Zzgf[6,„
11 ZñgÓ#Ö~M\åZyÐtg{B(»|xìXóóeZËÍgZtÆ4,Šq-ZDwÆZ°g6,¿Zka:ƒeāLL�ßv
’&ëGL0*Îy~‘Õä O)ÆÜs(ÏkB;g‰¸z{ªÄ0*ÎyÆy0*ÎyÐ0‘Õä O)ÆZ°gÊ!*äZzgZ¹“Њzeg™ä~»x[ƒ‰'|tìāZDwÅui}6,Â#Ö:ï™1ŠHZzgZkÆZpé]Ô)zZ]Zzgwe$ÆZÃgÃgi+c*ðØzVÆfg)ƒZZzgc~¹™Šc*ŠHXóóÍgZtä–ā)´ŠzgCKÅaZzZg÷ZzgZDwÆ4,Šq-Z¿Š»
21 ŠgzZi{ȃ**¡ZY:ìXñÑ**·-Š−·â~ä�Z6–āÍgZt™r#»tIè$Z0
ìā�ÛºŠz§CKZzgZEgÅaZzZg÷X0*gúyúZxÅúÒ{ƒCì:ā}.ZÅXZ¿ŠYg~ìpLLZ¿Š»hZÐqÝìT6,h¬\÷á:ÅÃZN[
<LÔ Zzgz{0*õEx~'g]g‚rƒXZyEx»mŒÛMyÔ 31 zZµƒðƒXóóä fñxÆZZwÔ²šMZzgZoƧhVÐìXñÑ**-Š−·â~
ìā/, –āLLZyEx#-Bºé FEE:~ÐCÙDZq-Z(zWZѧZsŠgc*ñ”ñÑ**ä–āLLeZËÍgZtÔ‘Õä O)ZDw 41 ÀYN1Zk»My~)g{;B:MñXóó
ÆjZáÐZ,Z°g7™**eT÷�ˈk›çÑ}~M‚ãÐÇ7ƒMhÔZkaZ,Vä‘Õä O)»Š¡¦§jÐ(,JäÅÃÒÅ
Z,Vä'×h+–āZsx~/ge$7ÜÄìZzgZsxÅ( 51 ìXóóLLgz—ZsxóóÅZ˜b~LLp+uZÒŠóóāìXZyÆ4,Šq-°wÔ)zZ]Ô
61 Zpé]ÔZKãgŠ~z){ãZßw÷Ôq‰ŠI¡gz—ZsxHìXñÑ**·-Š−·â~ÆŠzZzgZ½k‡.ÞÂz÷X˜÷āeZËÍgZt»LLªè$tìāz{eZ{�ÛVÃZzgZ3ÿXLhÆ)´ÃZq-„F,ZizÐ
2tāLL�¿@¾wÆ 71 Âs÷ZzgƒÃZq-„MçЊÙ÷Xóó
291
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
Zkf6ZgD+ZŠzZÒŠÃ9Z¿ŠŒÛZgŠêìZzgZÐgz—ZsxÆÐ_.ŒÛZgŠê81 ìpŠZk»ZsxÐgƒY@*ìXóó3
eZË·-ŠÍgZtäZKMgZÃZq-Zôm,~"Allama Iqbal and the Authority to
Interpret Shariat in a Modern Islamic State.
~Ì7HZzgZq-QgŠzÂa~Ì�LLZDwZzgZ¿ŠóóÆ**xÐ÷áùƒZXZyÅZôm,~Â[6,LLZ-ZÈz‰Üóó~>èZ™{ƒðT~eZËÍgZtÅ
0*Îy~ZDwÅZsòù]Æ_.Zsò 91 »zlùuZ;ŠHXçÑ}»ªxøgZãCŠ~@sƒ**ecXZkƈ�0*gúyɃÏz{fZzgâCÙ#èGEL}É¢o™ŠZgÆqïZ�ÛZŠ6,ŒƒÏZzgZÐ$š2.ç
GEGLÑ<»
Z(ŠÎxYnÇXeZËÍgZtÆZkìwÐZ·t7HYYā�ßv’&ëGL0*Îy~
‘Õä O)ÆÜs(ÏkB;g‰Z,VäZDwÅui}6,ï™1ZzgZ°§ZDw6,¿:ƒäŠc*2tßv‘Õä O)ÆZ°gÊ!*äZzgZ¹“Њzeg™ä~»x[ƒ‰XZ(¼7ƒZXtƒGz2÷X0*gúy~èI)oVÅúÒÏz,ÌÁg„ìÔZyƒ~ÜsŠ-È~ÝÆZq-ŠP}Æßv’&ëGL0*ÎyÆ#³gì¸XZy»L0*Îy6,ï7ƒZX0*Îy6,ïY�ŠZgzVZzguâtŠZgzV»g;ìXZf÷á„Zzg(„6,¸YñgìX
eZËÍgZtZDwÆ**xCZ÷X¡¾æ ELZDwÅF,)ãÆ‚B‚BZ,V
䉊I~Ã̾e$àðìXŠzu}‰ŠIzVäX~Љ»f™Zz6,ƒZìÔ‘Õä O)ZDwÃ!*‡°{Z‹ZŸ]»@s¯c*ìX}q²Æ4,Šq-u¦ÂÇ÷pZDwß÷X‰ŠIŠZ›gzVÆ´z{øg}
xZy6äZÒZDwÆ�:êEXLZsxÃ',zñ»gÑäÐvÆau¦Å
391
ŠZ#Ö6,„Zzgf[6,„
‰ŠI~»–gZ1ìXñÑ**·-Š−·â~˜÷āZ¿ŠYg~ìpz{$Æa
h¬\Å$�çEE
LZN[»f™™D÷�ã!*]ìX´z{Zi,Zq-ÝÆfËŠzu}ÝƬÝÃZvÅÃZN[»�ù${ð
GOg™Mh÷XñÑ**ä
Z¿ŠÆaXEx#-Bºé FEE:Å'g]ÃÑiòZzgZk'g]Æ”wÃõwCc*ZkÐZ¿Š»ŠgzZi{nȃY@*ìXZDwä0*gúãZ)qÆfg) ì
t!*] Z¿ŠÅ�?m,Åìz{òzç)bÆiÅZq-eßg]ìXāeZËÍgZtä‘Õä O)ZDw»Š¡¦§jÐ(,JäÅÃÒÅì@*ā›çÑ{eZËÍgZtʼnŠI~ÃJw™áÔ&CÿLÃìX‘Õä O)ZDw»ŠeZËÍgZtÅÃÒ»g34è XGEL57ìXZy»ŠzZ.(,ZìZzgÝfäZkÅÂ}ÅìX
LLgzbZsxóóÅZ˜bZDwäZEwÅìXñÑ**·-Š−·â~ÃZk~LLp+uZÒŠóóÃM@*ìZzgz{°wÔ)zZ]ÔZpé]ZzgZKãgŠ~ÆZßßVÃãŒÛZgŠï÷XtŠZ#Ö6,4**‡&ÿELûìX
Z¿ŠÐ0]Z‹ZŸ]zIt#ÆaƒQ)�:êEXLZsx(
~Zq-îs!*[>ZyLL${ðG
O§ZÜŠóó–ìX4
].h+ZzgŠ*f‚»t�Ûtz$›å ENZDwÆáZiy$©�î EG0Ãc*�:ê
EXLZsxÃ
ZCäЊzgƒYìXZDwi}ÔiâäZzgi0+ÏÆZ±gТ~î G0].h+zŠ*
Oîg6,ÔÁÃ~ìw™D÷XZDwŠ*z].h+ÅpçVÆYì÷X ÃÔZ,Vä©zg‚ªÆ${ð
GOgZ]Š*Ða÷X©»Ï¢}ÿ
ELÉzÑ!»
0*È7ìZzgt]ñ"ìGGL„Zzgñ"ìGGLz‰ÜÅŸðìX$hÿE
LZKãîsŠ"Ц/g™Zq-²áƈTœZ‰ÜJ-BìÑZk»ZÏs¬™ŠêìX°wÔ)zZ]ÔZpé]Ô:æOe$Zzgƒ'êGLMŠèÆZßßV»ZÏsÑÅi!*y
491
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ЃZXtZßwæ6,Zä÷Zã„6Ì÷ZzgZ46,ZK+MÆgz×w»Z®gìXŠ*~ÐZDwÎã)CKÔY�ŠZg~ZzgCÙ§bÅaŠOZ?Ø(5ð)èI§ZîVÅZYg{ŠZg~(Zzgc~)Q¦sÔ¼k,6,4Ô§ŠÔÂë6,4(ÃgŠ™D÷X].h+~ÐZyÓxgD**]zÃc*]ÆÜsZ´È
÷�ZsxÆo°÷ZzgX~JZ:Z·ZKÔ"ÎxuâtŠZg~Zzg kB™DÆË~‡ìƒäzZà/ge$÷áïìXt/ge$Ã~Z±g 85ë EE
YLig¤/~
pn™xÈigÅxZã‡ì™CìXz÷ázgë°ZÑ%Å].h+Šzg~ ÐúZxÅgZñŠyÏZzg0*gúy»ªxìÔ@*ëZsx~xZã»ZÝh ßg]úZòZv»ìXZDwTgzqãc*Zsò/ge$Ƈb÷Zk~ úZx»7ÉZyZÇZÑvŠzâVÆ»27g}ƒD÷X z÷ázgëZzg
ÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨ééééGGGG
GGGGGGGG]]]] jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙfZ!LLñ•ÃW,óóŠâp 1X2X:Üs].h+zŠ*Égzbz$+yÔŠ+zŠ*Ôè<ØZzg‚bÔ�ÛŠZzg)®)Ô 3X
f[2=zGÔ°wz)wZzg„zÃÆZ±gÐZDwÆ;V¾w ætzŠgZ»ÂZiyìX'×h+Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ6,zW·ëg»*yLLÂZiyÔZDwÅ÷á²~»Zq-Uóó˜!LLöZÈZDwóóXñ•ÃW,ÔŠâp 4X„ZDwÔ™102 5X
ZiZ*Zögæ Iqbal's Concept of God Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 6X6,zW™Zg@äzŸs#7Åātñ�Zˆµ²~»1YðìZzgZk 7X~Hßì?Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ6,zW™Zg@»*y>ZyLL)~»2Zzgh‹ZDwLL˜!ZDw: 8X„ZsòÅú].h+óó%ûeZË@·Q~X~äZKi%æGL"Â[
591
ŠZ#Ö6,„Zzgf[6,„
LLxF,0*Îyóó~§qÝîg6,t!*]zZãÅìā-g\~‚³Ex›âVÅŠ+¸XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwøg}x÷á²Ôª!*[ 9XZzieZË·-ŠÍgZt»*yLL‘ÕäO)ZDwZzg].h+Zsògc*„~$š2.ç
GEGLÑ<» 01X
Z(góógzi**)LLkBóó~11�Ûzg~Ô41�Ûzg~Zzg81�Ûzg~7891YÃ÷áùƒZXZk»�Z[ŠkÇV~ñÑ**·-Š−·â~äŠc*�52Z6,s@*9#78YÆŠzgZygzi**)LLkBóó~÷áùƒNXZkƈZq-Ÿ^�TÅ,8iïELfsì:
()q¢ ii (ñ�Š{0*gŸZzgÑ<.Þ) i 6,zWzZg_÷Ô)Æ»2ZDwZzgZ¿ŠÔLLkBóó92Z6,sÔ81X91#7891Y†Z˜œjÔ‘ÕäO)ZDwZzg].h+Zsògc*„~Ñ<»Z(gÔLLkBóó32#7891YhœjÔZsògc*„~Ñ<»Z(gÔLLkBóóуgX12�y7891Y6,zW¦gc*n@Ô0*gŸ»8þLZ¿ŠÔgzi**)LLâZñz‰ÜóóуgX03�y7891YeZË·Z}ÔZsògc*„~Ñ<ÆWiÔâZñz‰ÜуgX11Ô21Ô31�Ñð7891Y
(ZDwÔZ¿ŠZzg0*gŸÔkBуgÔ91Ô i eZË·-ŠÍgZtÔ)(0*ÎyÔZDwZzgZ¿ŠÔâZñz‰ÜÔ8Ô9Ô ii 12Ô32#7891Y)
(ZDw»Ã›Z¿ŠZzg0*ÎyÔ iii 81Ô91Ô02Ô12�y7891Y)âZñz‰ÜуgÔ32X42Z~7891Y
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔgzi**)kBÔуgX11�Ûzg~Ô41�Ûzg~Ô81�Ûzg~7891Y 11X21XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔgzi**)kBÔуgX)!*nKM(J#Ô52Z6,sÔ62Z6,sÔ72Z6,s7891Y 31@*61XZsÔ3#7891YÔJ#7891Y 71X81XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ¤gtZ�³‚¤/Å%A$™Š{g7g^Ô!gzi**)LLâZñz‰ÜóóуgX21 91XâÞ7891Y
/'/'/691
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
ŠHgðZV!*[ºt
‰Z�ÛZŠ»ZDwÐo]q~ÔŠz4c*gzk0+»måpZDwZyÅAÆ_.:−ÂZ,VäZDwÆÜsZ²ZxF,ZÙÅX�ZÚiZ£ä
–ìāZq-(„ŠZyÃZDwÐLL÷~o]óó¶Xz{ZDwÐYMñÂZq-Šz™(V{àƒäÆ!*z�Š�Ûl6,Ö‰Zzg¹āZkŠg!*g~÷}aŒVÎ̇&ÿELõìXZy™r#äÌZDwÊzVÈÔc.ç IGL‡AZzgi
1 !*]KЇÜCc*Xua@ZDwÆŠz„¸p(ÏMŠò¸ZzgZyÅ(„»Ñ”ÁZMZgåÔT~z{»x[gìXZDwÅ(„Ô碊Z]Æ�¶�!*ÆHy@*g]»x!Ðë)gƒðXÑZzggzbÆ�ÛtÅzzЊz4~Z2Zg~õw¶XOça@Æ6.3ð XEZÌZDwÃ$+**x™DgìX%iZ°wZ−+‚w½g’»DggìXgzZc*‹ZDw~÷áïZy»ZÚz-ZzgZy»*y>ZyLL÷ZZDwóó˜!LL“ª‹ZDwóó~‰zZu]Z,Òy
Zy»Òy™Š{tzZ§āÉÀŸ3ðE0~Ç**GgÆa 2 ƒñ÷�ßU*"$ƒ`÷XËŠzu}fg)ÅÂ}»Z`ìX¾ë 3 ZDwîZÆÃ`6,‰X
ZzgZDwÅŠz4¶XtŠz4÷áŠ~6,ȃ$˶p:ƒðX!*g!*gÅŠú]Æ!*z�ŠZDw8->.ç EEEG{:YnTо**gZnƒNZzgZDw6,Š*ŠZg~Zzggc*»g~z){ÆZ²Zâ]¬Z+KX»ZDwäŠÄZzgŠgŠq~Æ‚B�Z[Šc*X¾ÅÂ[LLZDwóó7491Y~÷áùƒðXZk~z{—÷āLLyz*yM™ZyÅ
791
f»z]Ô…5éEO¦ZzgM[z@*[ÃD‚µŠHåZzg�V�Viâ:¦/g@*ŠHtDZy4 Å‚g~Åg~¤‰Ü6,YŠHåXóó
Më[ZDwä:ZLzZ−ÆZiŠzZYdZyÃKÅÃÒÅZzg:ZkK~Zsòx]Å6,zZÅXZ,Vä{m¢ŠZ]Æ�ÜsâVÅ×e$ÅZzgZk§bā!*\Å#¿~¹MÐò‰X‘Õä O)ZDwÅzÃ]Æ92',kZLzZ−ÆÜsZq-Â[�Z™÷áùÅT~pŠÃZzgZKzZ−{Ã"]gZzg¤xU*"$™äÆaZDwøšZzgªÝŒÛZgŠc*XLLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óó~ZkÂ[»-Y,{7HŠHìX›ë‚tMñÂHMë[Mv$уIZzgLL‘Õä O)ZDwZzgZyÅ«ç~ªzZ−ÒMë[ZDwóó»ŠzuZZi+c÷áùHXZkZi+c~Z,VäLLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óó6,û{É™÷áïHXZkû}~gZ¶ÆÜsŠÙx§Zi~ÃgzZg3Zzg‘Õä O)ZDwÃ'×h+Z²Zâ]»@s¯c*X‘Õä O)ZDwÅZâuŠZgHÆÜsÌZíZ6,ŠZi~ÅZzgMë[2Zy
�Z¹gæ{HÆ 5 ÅzZ−{»ŠÃqHXZÏF,8-~ŠzZzgÂÁÉeZBŃk»g�ÛâìX (Self projection) gzi**ô÷ZzgX~pŠÃ(,Z¯ä
gæ{HZDwZzgZyÆyZäÅ™ŠZgÉ™äÆ‚B‚BZLyZäÃZDw»LL9YdóóCC‰X
891
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD2¤
jjjjZZZZááááZZZZzzzzggggjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙ¤xZDwÔ™032 1X%iZ°wZ−+»IìāLLt™ñZŠ~)uŠZgH(zÍgt¤/²jw~7,f¶óóX 2X)gzZc*‹ZDwÔ,]221X321(t!*]Šg„7ìXeZËYzh+ZDwä–
ìāLLuŠZgHËZjw~:YC‰ÉZrVäŒÛMyˆZzg©àQgŠz7,"™Å½y„6,qÝŶóóX)i0+{¥zŠÔ™661(Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ“ª‹ZDwìjZÙz$›Ò3¨é G
GG]ZieZËZ1ZÎœjÔ™811 3XZkZ²ZxÆY,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔƒÎx:ÄZyLLçAZzgg8-g1VóóXZDwZi¾HÔáÀMYZ−+Z£',ãÔ,]37X47 4X‚g~Åg~¤‰Ü6,DYc*ƒ@*ÂLL7Ò„z®óóªCÙ:ƒYXZyÃÆ**x÷: 5X
‘ÕäO)ZDwZzgZyÆ�Ûi0+èZºMë[ZDw )1(ZDwòzMë[ )2(
/'/'/
991
ºt
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]Zq-_·
¢ZÍw
Â[Šzx:„~ú
z„ƒŠzx:„~ú
502 ......................................$©{5ÿGE
GLZ1Z[ /
912 .............................. H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì? ª!*[:
323 ........................... HZDwÆ;V§Šì? ŠzuZ!*[:
163 ............................... ¡¾æE
LZDwözŠc*Mù? ŠZ!*[:
793 ......................... HZDwZsòÃÁ÷? aå!*[:
314 ......... HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷? 0*vZV!*[:
144 ................................. HZDwZ·ZÅ÷? Ù!*[:
584 .................... HZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷? ‚ÂZV!*[:
505 .......... HZDwÅ×"ìGGLGßZzg¦§Gãì? MZV!*[:
925 .............................. ZDwÆŸgzâãZ°g âZV!*[:
555 ........................ HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷? ŠÎZV!*[:
306 ............................. ZDw1÷c*…Ì? ŠHgðZV!*[:
302
336 ................................. Üs÷á²c*!¨¾æ EOÌ? !*gðZV!*[:
736 ........................ Üs÷á²z…c*¼ZzgÌ? ¾ðZV!*[:
/'/'/
402
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
D$©{5ÿGE
GLZ1Z[ „~ú
1XH¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
912 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDwZzgf!„ : Z³912 . . . . . . . . . MgZ}$¹Òjè
EEZq-ß.Æf%î OŠZg 0
022 . . . . . . . . 6,zW$¹ÒjèE
E»!í�’gópsƒŠH 0122 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e4jè
EEZzgÃ7ÅMgZ 0122 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ã7ÅgZñ~p~ 0422 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘Õä O)ZDwÅÂí] 0822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ',ZîyÅßgZñ 0822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZkgZñЊ„',ŠZg~ 0822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,zW±ï
YEÅÃH:MgZ 0
032 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±ï YE6,
\.-ôGÆZW,Z] 0032 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ».$zs\.-ôGÆZ‹ZŸ] 0032 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZyZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{ 0232 . . . . . . . . . . . . . CÙ',^gi+ÅgZñ6,Zq-Ã 0332 . . . . . . . . Z+%~\)ÿ
IÆZ‹ZŸ]»Zq-:L 0
332 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \)ÿI
ÆZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{ 0532 . . . . . . . . . . Z+%~\)ÿ
IZzgßk³e$4-÷
GGE»ñZi: 0732 . . . . . . . . . **yÅ’k,zV6,#Ũ4è
EGELZDw»ZW, 0
502
732 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . **yŲ:gZñ 0732 . . . . . . . . . eZËZsZöóÅ|6,FFgZñ 0832 . . . . . . . . Z+%~\)ÿ
I»Z1ZÑdñŠzŠ~ÐZ·t 0
932 . . . . цZÔÅ2Ÿ:MgZкÅZW,5+k,~ 0932 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eZ˱†Zv»gœ¿ 0042 . . . . . . ¸gC-Eg-VÆ8ZÝe~Æ£á 0142 . . . . . . . . . . eZËMÃtÃy~»Z~.™Š{î³ 0
242
цZÔÔaZ£eZgÔZ„k°jg~Ô\CåFZ#0Ô�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~Ô�l'M!*Š~ÔÕYwÔq²Ô
. . . . éZ]4545é HGFG**kZzg±@¾ÆZ‹ZŸ]
0
642 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZyZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{ 0162 . . . . . ZËtZ{yZzgÐZ£ÆZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{ 0362 . . . . MwZ£uzgZzg6,zWz©Z−+ÅMgZ6,Zq-à 0862 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¡¾æ
ELZDwf!„ÐZì 0
272 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¡¾æE
LZDw»â7åEELéy 0192 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDwZzgy~„ : [192 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �ÛZtÍgÄ7g~Åpl. 0192 M�Y{»gzZãZzg@*gZ`g2ÏÆ!í�6,Zq-à 0
292\g}Ñwg@ÔeZËg=i™c*Ô¡@',ãZzg
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MwZ£uzgÅMgZ0
392 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SyMgZ»Y,{ 0792 . . . . . . . . . . . yz#Ö»izgF,uè¿Zzgjy6, 0792 . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDw»izgÚî)G(Zzg¿6, 0
602
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
103 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ›„Zzg‘Õä O)ZDw : `103 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LZ'wóÅœZñ!*i‚ 0103 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z1ZæxMiZŠÅzŸs# 0
303‡Šg~izgZzgeZËYzh+ZDw Z−+ MwZ£uzgÔÕ1~Ô[
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . »!í�0
403 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDwÅ„~úÅgzŠZŠ 0503 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDw»ÅgzZ‹y 0803 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . #5zqxÈZDwÅMgZ 0013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z].ZÈZDw»%œ/z"g 0113 . . . . . . . . . . . eZË·g<Z−+xZDwÙk 0313 . . . . . . . . . . . .
¡¾æE
LZDwÅZ‚kŒÛMÈœì 0
2XHZDwÆ;V§Šì?323 . . . ZDwÅ7Õä EO¹ZzgZ3»Šúò˜ªì:-ŠU*ã 0323 . . . . . . . . . ZDwƧŠŠÚzZßVÅ**g‚×V 0423 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ã7ÅZŠðg~Zzgߥâ] 0423 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ã7äZKgZñ$+wà 0523 . . . ».$zs\.-ôGäZDwÆz].ZyÊz¤™Šc* 0523 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\.-ôGÆZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{ 0823 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¡Zzg§Šëp7÷ 0823 . . . . . . . âg¾ZzgzhÅ°p~§Š7ì 0923 . . . . . . . ${ð
GOsÅ×e$z#¿~§Š7ì 0
702
$©{5ÿGE
GLZ1Z[
823 . . . . . úg]ÆçA~ZDw»!í�Zsòì 0823 . . . ZDw6,§ŠÆZ²ZxÅMh~±ï
YE»Zsx6,ú 0
033 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 湊Z›gzV»gzv 0033 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oÆZ‹ZŸ] 0133 . . . . . . . oZºM!*Š~»ZÝX:zu]Zß�Š 0133 . . . . . . . oZzgeZË@*|ÆâÎc6,Zq-à 0233 . . . . Zðx@Zzg&Š@ÆZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{ 0733 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZvâzgZÌìZzg”èÀÌ 0043 . . . . . . ÐZ£Zzgz©‚]ÆZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{ 0243 . . . . . . . . . Äz�~‘Õä O)ZDw»7V!í� 0343 . . . Z·ZKÆjZáÐ�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~»Z‹Zn 0
343Z·ZKÔúg]Ô/ge$Zzgoz$Òï OGÆjZá
. . . . . . . . . . . ÐgZ`·ŠgÍhÆZ‹ZŸ]0
443 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZyZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{ 0543 . . . . . . ÒZ°ÝÃgz¹ZzgÕ1~ÅŠZøzg~ 0643 . . . . . . �ÛZtÍgÄ7g~ZzgeZË&Š@»Z‹Zn 0743 . . . . . . . . . r#ZßmZzgzmx6,4~�Ûtì 0
843�ÛZtÔ7VZzgÕ1~»Z‹ZnÔZsxZzgMâ3ï
GGOG
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ÆjZáÐ0
843 . . . . . . . . . . . ZsxZzgZK+M~§Š7ì 0
943ZDwZL${ð
GOgÅgzÐLLÇ›âVóóÐ?Ø™
. . . . . . gzZî$Òï OGÃáä÷:».$zs\.-ôG0
153 . . . . ZDw»£[çÑ{›y„‡ì™Mh÷ 0
802
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
3X¡¾æE
LZDwözŠc*Mù?
163ZDw»,¬KìpZk»Z:tºmzözŠ
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ì:Zse4jèEE
0
163ZDw6o}Æ›y¸®ZMù7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z~Z*Ã7 ¸:0
163 . . . . ZDwŠx/Šx�Û‘6,„¸:».$zs\.-ôG 0163 ZDwÆ4,Šq-ÜÄ›âVJ-özŠì:gZ³¦Ë 0263 . . 0Ô�ÛZtZzgŠzu}yzŠZ›gzVÆZ‹ZŸ] 0363 Ÿi@Ô7VÍgÄ7g~Zzg�l'M!*Š~ÆZ‹ZŸ] 0563 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZyZ‹Z™]»Y,{ 0763 . . . . . e4jè
EEÆ�Z[~ZDwÆÒy™Š{ï] 0963 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �Û‘6,4Åc 0963 . . . . . . . . . ZsxMùì®ZZDwÌMù÷ 0073 . . . . . . . . . . ZDw$š{ï
GOEZzg$+pZ„З¸ 0873 . . . . . . . . . Š*½Æ¤ñVZzgCVÅ×e$ 0
973‘Õä O)ZDw“Š.ï
EGLMŠxÔZ�ZÄMŠrZzgZKyŠz4Æ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷0
183 . . . . . . . . . . . . . µâqZKyÅzu]6,izg 0583 . . . . . . . . . . .
¡¾æE
LZDwÔMâ3ïG
GOGÔZ&åEOe$»1 0
4XHZDwZsòÃÁ÷?793 . . . . ZuZ§pŠ~$+ÎãZzgZDwpã*g{ì:e4jè
EE 0
902
$©{5ÿGE
GLZ1Z[
893à:ÔZ·ZYVZzgyzîV»Z‹Zn:ZDwZsò
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ÃÁì?0
004 HZDw)›ñV~pŠ~ÅV™**e÷Ð?:�ÛZt 0
004›y~¸x6,2VŧsÐyzŠZ›gzVÆ
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z‹ZŸ]Å@*GzÂ}0
104 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e4jèEEÃZDw»�Z[ 0
104Zsxp3,m,~z\Å»#³ìZzgo�~Æa
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kB™**%ŠzŠì0
204 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZsxÅ¡]Zzg˜Š»${ðG
Og 0504 . . . . . . . . . HyzÃ\xÔ›Ã\x»gœ¿å? 0604 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pŠ-VÆ£Šx»X 0704 . . . . . . ÑÃÕÐ!*igppÆa¢ðGO]¢zg~ì 0904 . . . . õòz¤òÐ�]Æa˜Š¢zg~ì 0
5XHZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
314‘ÕäO)ZDwÆÜsà:ÔZ·ZÅZzgyzŠZ›gzV
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Åeg`ÅL'0
414 . . ZÝZ}Mg±ïY
EÆ4,Šq-ŒÛMyZzgZDw»$zgU 0
714fçVc*Z·ZYVÅÃðZq-Z˜bZDw»Zq©
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7™C0
914
$ā.çGE
GOzm]ZzgŠ*z].h+ÆK~ZDw»áZiy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $©�î EG
0Ã0
024 . . . . . . f[Åcz~Zzg].h+ÃZCä~�Ûtì 0012
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
324 ZDw}Å{'.3ïG
GG6,¢7gnpZzgZ¿Š6,izgŠï÷ 0324 ¢ð
GO‹f[»gZiDz®~ì:āúg]ÅkHCV~ 0424 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¡¾æ
ELZDw~úg]»£x 0
524 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LL¤ò²ZVóó»Ç|x 0624 . . . . . . . . . . . úg]Ô%ŠÆZg»~çzyì 0724 . . . ŒÛMyÅMe$)zZ]è%ŠziyÆo°7ì 0724 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . úg]Zzg%Š»¡~�Ût 0824 . . . . . . . . f[~MiZŠ)²ZVƘ7-}ò 0924 . . . . . . . . . . . . . tŠgZÝf[»$zgUì 0
6XHZDwZ·ZÅ÷?144 Z·ZYVäZDwÃZLZÝgz\~LJw7H 0
144™ŠzX convert 7™Mh condemn ZÐ Z¤/?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z·ZÅZßw0
344Y�ŠZg~»{Ø™Æi}»“»gzVÅAs~
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :āu»g~As~0
544Ô944!*Ÿq-ìÑ]gŠZ],{ZsxÐ{g`ƒäÆ
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . áZŠsì:ZDw0
644 . LMëƒ@*i{óÐ%ZŠZz[gzkì:6,zW·¢y 0744 . . . . . . LZ¬ÐMë[Q½ZóZsò$hò EIèLU*6Åâh+ 0844 . . . . . . . . §&Ã3½è XE~Ìz„.÷6,zm,~ 0944 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z�ÛZozyZzgZŠZwÅgZ{ 0
112
$©{5ÿGE
GLZ1Z[
154 . . . . . . . PœjZzgðgZóÅLL'g‹®óó 0554 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !*Ÿix+}.Z=Zsx»Y,{ 0754 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ³m,Z£»è$ 0854 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ©+g‚ª=Zsx 0854 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z·ZKZzgpŠ~ 0264 . . . . . . . . . . \Äñ]ìZ#уZSÆäOÐ[: 0
664Ô074 . . . . ZDwZsxÆÎZ‚g}ZiñVÃgœ™D÷ 0
764My~',ÎV~ZDwÎcxƹŒÛd$M‰
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¸:�ZCÙÑw1z0
864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZkgZñ»Y,{ 0964 . . . . . . . ZsxËZzgMMÐõ@*7™@*:ZDw 0
964ZDwÆãCŠ~ŠzâVÃc*]Z·ZKÆa‡&ÿELJw
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
074 . . . . . . . . . . . . ».$zs\.-ôGÅgZñ»Y,{ 0274 eZË@*|ZzgeZËYzh+ZDwÅMgZÔ=ŠIÆK~c 0374 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,zW~**BMiZŠÅgZñ 0
7XHZDwyŠŠÔZzg#³D÷?584 . . . . . Zðx@Zzg».$zs\.-ôGÆZ‹ZŸ] 0584 . . . . . . . Z„k°jg~»ZDw6,yŠŠ#»Z²Zx 0684 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �l'M!*Š~Æç 0684 ÐZ£ÔpZz†Zß©ZzgeZËz©‚]ÆZ‹ZŸ] 0
212
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
784 . . . . . . . . . . . . eZË!*àZzgq²ÆZDÑ] 0094 è<Øz=~£ŠxƒÂZDw=Å#¿™D÷ 0
984D294 . . ZDwZkDÆ#³÷�ZÒŠÆáZŠsƒ@*ì 0984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¯ÄZDw~=ÅZÌ 0094 . . =zGÅdzûZ®gZyÅâÎ6,ì 0194 . . . ZDwÆz].ZyÃ÷á²~Zzg�~„™**ßì 0294 . . . . . . . . . . . GZ[cz„“¨ÿ
GL}.ZŠZŠ™} 0
394 . . . . . . . . °jg~Zzgq²ÆZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{ 0494 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . „ÕgZ}.ZíM 0694 . . . . . . G=Ðë)gƒ™*˜yy™@*ì 0694 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GgZ!*ik,ÅMöŠ{ 0794 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDw:yŠŠÔ÷:#ÅýLD 0
8XHZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG
O§Gãì?505 . . 7491YÆ¢5ÿ
GGL¬xÅf%î OŠZg~ZDwÆ${ð
GO§G6, 0
505D605 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \.-ôGä@*gõÃ*Hì 0
705D905 Z„k°jg~Å21ïCŒÛZgŠZŠ;Gzz].ZyÆÜs 0905D215 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zy$¹é EL]»Y,{ 0
315 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDw»z].Zy 0415 . . . . . . HZDw»${ð
GO§G',}Vлgì? 0
415 . . . . . . . . HZDw»${ðG
O§GãZzg)zZãì? 0415 . . . . . . . HZDw»${ð
GO§GŒÛMyÆo°ì? 0
312
$©{5ÿGE
GLZ1Z[
415D715 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZyÎZßV»�Z[ 0615 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =zG»ZâZ` 0815 G»|xìZvДh+›Zzgtñð»z�ì 0
9XZDwÆ!540î NEMGEOgzâãZ°g
925D035gzâ+MÆÜsZzgZDwÃgzâãŒÛZgŠ}™ZDwÆ
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Üs°jg~Å�Û›x0
035D135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zk�Û›x6,Zq-à 0135D235 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDwÅgzâã÷á²~ 0
335ZDwÅgzâ+M~!hÓëLKáÆOñ
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !hÓëLZK+Mì0
335D435 . . . . . . ZDwÆ;Vgzââe$Zzg_5½3ï GGOG»ZâZ` 0
535D635HZDw!*~gzâã?ªi0+ÏÆi‡VÐ
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ¤/m,™D?0
735Š%œ/e$Ô Z°§ZDw6,°jg~Æeg(,}Z‹ZŸ]:p
. . . . yŠŠ#ÔõZáz$+ze$ÔYgq:]I~0
835 . . . . . . . . . . . . . °jg~ÆZ\‹uè% 0835 ì(ignorance) ZDw6,Z**+MZzg¾zg»Z²ZxÔ˜ª 0045 . . . . . . . . . . . ZDw»‹zZ+7%›ñðì 0
045D145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pŠ~ZzgpŠ%œ/e$»�Ût 0145 . . . . . . . . . . . . ÕzŠZøÅSŒÛMy~ 0145 . . . . . . . . . . ZDw=zG»ZâZ`eT÷ 0
412
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
245D345 . . . . . . . . õZáÅ°pÔJÃÙÅSì 0345D445 . . . . . . HZDwä')å GOã',»]ÃÃZ0+ZiHì? 0
445 . . . . . HZDwä½VÆ')å GOyÅd7Å? 0445 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDwÅÄLæ"3ïEGOGèSsxó 0545 . . . . . . . . . . . ZDwZsò')å GOyÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷ 0
645Zsò')å GOy%“ì:=zGÔ°wz)wÔŠ*z].h+
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZzgZZyzÕ»0
645 . . . . . . . ZDw6,Ygq:¢ðGO]I~»Z²Zxßì 0745 . . . . . . . ZDwÅ]I~£œèíÆaì 0745 . . . . . . . . . . ZDwgzâã7|I!¨¾æ EO÷ 0
01XHZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?555 . . . . . . ZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~ŒÛZgŠ¶zZáŠz¤/z{ 0
555D655 . . . . . . oZºM!*Š~Zzg-ŠÐ²ÅÃl 0
755°jg~Æ4,Šq-ZDwÆ„zûM¸iÌzu]Zß�ŠZzguc*yЃZåZzgZ�xÌzu]Zß�ŠZzguc*y6,ƒZ
0
755D855 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . °jg~ÆŠÑb 0855D175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZyŠÑb»Y,{ 0
065 Zq-Gz£U*"$™äÆaŠzu}Gz2»–gZ 0165D265 . . . . ‘Õä O)ZDwñÑ**gzòÃzu]Zß�Š~7â… 0
565 ŒÛMyZzgZDwÆ4,Šq-ZvâzgZÌìZzg”èÀÌ 0765 . . . . . . . . 7ÕäO`ÆK~p&ÐöGLgZñÅZÝzz 0965 . . . . . ƒ†{óÐzu]Zß�Šc*uc*yU*"$7ƒ@* 0
512
$©{5ÿGE
GLZ1Z[
175 . . . . ZDwÆZgZŠ]qzVäÌ7Òû ELƒaZH 0175 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ²ÅѲ**³ƒ÷ 0
275D675 ZDwÆZÃgZzg¿XÐzu]Zß�ŠU*"$HY@*ì 0875D975 . . . . . . . . . . . ZDwÆÄ~Z|[»Zq-U 0185D285 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zu]Zß�ŠÅ| 0
785tŠúòāZDw»Z�xzu]Zß�ŠZzguc*y6,ƒZ›ë
. . . . . . . . Æo°ZzgdZ±gÐ"ãCŠì0
11XZDw1÷c*…Ì?306D406 ZDwZq-1÷:ZkK~Z„k°jg~ÆŠÑb 0
406 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZyŠÑb»Y,{ 0706D806 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZDw1¾|x~÷? 0806D326 . . . . . . . . . . . . °jg~Æè´V6,Zq-à 0126D226 °jg~ÅÜ™Š{°d‹,ÅgzÐZDw…÷ 0
21XÜs÷á²c*!¨¾æ EOÌ?
336
Z¤/ZDwÅ÷á²~Ãïw1YñÂZyÆ‘:ÔèIZzg(ÏZ°gge$ÅŠ-Zgŧbi~�ƒ
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . YN:eZËœP*.çEGO
0
336D436 . . . . . . . . . . ‰Šzu}¸gCŠZ›gzVÅMgZ 0436D536 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZyMgZ»Y,{ 0
636 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . q²ÅgZñ6,Zq-à 0
612
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
31XÜs÷á²z…c*¼ZzgÌ?
736ëZDwÃ÷á²z…Ðic*Š{wŠ¶ÃѦx
. . . . . . . . . . . . . B÷:ÜZ−+Z&k0
736
$§;-êGEXGLŒÛMyÆK~÷á²ZDw»Ãðwc*ÃtJw™**
ŒÛMyÆZg÷áŠÐZāZsì:ñÑ**@Z£Î0
836D146 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZknÅMgZ»Y,{ 0
/'/'/
712
$©{5ÿGE
GLZ1Z[
ª!*[
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
))))ZZZZ³³³³((((ZZZZDDDDwwwwZZZZzzzzggggffff!!!!„„„„»ZD1]~Zë£x (Reynold A. Nicholson) eZËMgZ}$¹Òjè
EE
ìXZ,VäLLZuZ§pŠ~óó»Zôm,~~F,ÀHXZkF,3Æ‚B�Šâpåóó The Quest LL Ô ZÐzÝŠ}™ÔZq-Zµ*yÅßg]~Ô�Ñð0291Y~
ßy~÷áù™ZŠc*XeZË$¹ÒjèE
E»Zôm,~F,ÀZzgt*y>Zy:The Secrets of the Self : A Muslim poet's Interpretation of Vitalism.
-g\ZzgZ%M~‘Õä O)ZDwÅà]»!*)¯XZDw6,™zZáà:$¹Òjè
EEÆû}Ц{úðqÝ™DgìX0291YZzg1291YÆ Šzu}
ÔZse4jèEE (E.M. Forster) ŠzgZyLLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,�g--÷áùƒñZy~Z~Z*Ã7
Æ(Herbert Read) zgCÙ',gi+ Z(E.G. Browne) ÔZ~Y',Zîy (L.Dickinson)
g--÷áï÷XZyƒä6,zW$¹ÒjèE
EÅMgZÐZ.Š{HìXOçCÙ',^gi+˜÷āLLM`²øg}£ò?²ZL"ØZx[Æô~ÆÔµ54øGHÆâ~ÔÈ&Ò3ð EOGVZzgZ,„ywñç¬]6,TMiâð™gì÷ÂZ,~уg~Zq-Z+ÄðňìTÆ!*g}~…Cc*ŠHìāZkä›âVÅâ�Zy±~îÃy',0*™Šc*ìZzgZy~ÐZq-Æ–w:ZDw
ŒV 2 øg}a}0™Mc*ìZzgZkä'ç NŠzV~i0+ÏÅØŠzhZŠ~ìXóóTCäzZá»f™HŠHìz{eZË$¹Òjè
EE÷X
tÐZ·tìāeZË$¹ÒjèE
E„ÅZq-tÚÌzZàZq-ß.912
»:L0X$¹ÒjèE
Eä–åāZDw»,(,~uJ-"54fõ EGHIZzg',}V»%ƒÈ5
ìXTZ½k~tL{Mc*ìz{øDfsì:"Iqbal has drunk deep of European literature, his
philosophy owes much to Neitzsche and Bergson, and
his poetry often reminds us of Shelley; yet after all he
thinks and feels as a muslim, and just for this reason
his influence on the younger generation of Indian
Muslems is likely to be great. "His name" says one of
them, "is the synonym for promise and prophecy. He
has come amongst us as a Messiah and has stirred the
dead with life." 3
$¹ÒjèE
E»èÃg{]f[~Zq-uJ-p%æEOLR~(,~uJ-»&½0î G
G0¯x0ŠHXZDwÙÏ~ZŸ±Æ‚B‚B6,zW$¹ÒjèE
E #Ũ4èE
GELZDwZLZk!í�Њ„',ŠZgƒD‰pZk¿Ã2u4è
EGELZDwä¢ï
Ðñ1ZzgZZ0+ZiÐZÐZ[J-™CÙZgì÷XeZË$¹Òjè
EEäZLŠâd~ZDw»Zq-zŸ‚Òy÷áïHåT
~ZDwäLLVàZKyóóÆ${ðG
Og6,gzÝeZàìXZkÒy~"54fõ EGHI»f™Zk
§bMc*ì:"Thus the kingdom of God on earth means a
democracy of more or less unique individuals,
presided over by the most unique individual possible
on this earth. Neitzsche had a glimpse of this ideal
race, but his atheism and his aristocratic prejudices
marred his whole conception." 4
ZDwÆ4,Šq-"54fõEH
GI»${ðG
OgZkÆZÒŠZzgZdut]Å2+gƒŠHXZkÆ!*z�Š$¹Òjè
EEäz{L{–�Zz6,Šg`ƒZìXt]Zk*y~Ìñ�Š
~÷áùƒZX@*ëZk*y~$¹ÒjèE
EäÔ The Quest ì��Ñð0291Y~022
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
MÐ^™ÔZDwZzg"54fõ EGHI»ñZi:HìZzg"54fõ E
GHIÐZDwÅx¹ÃÒŒÛZgŠc*
ìX$¹ÒjèE
E˜÷:"Iqbal, I am told, does not admit that he has been
influenced by Nietzsche, and it is easy to see why.
Although sometimes,... his perfect man appears to be
closely akin to the uebermensch of the German
philosopher, the points of resemblance only are
superficial. Iqbal says: "Be tyrant" but he adds: "Ignore
all except God." The exception is all important.
Nietzche would not have made it: he would have said"
"Ignore all except thy will to power." The Muslim poet
acknowledges the authority of law, morality and
religion as revealed in the koran; he feels that his inner
strength is derived from love of God and developed by
love of man."5
Zk’k,Æ$¹ÒjèE
EäÔVàZKyÆ!*g}~Ô‘Õä O)ZDw»zŸ‚ÒyÜHìTÆMy~ZDwä"54fõ E
GHIÆZÒŠZzgZÑZ°t]6,¤/ÄÅ
ìXOç‘Õä O)ZDwÆ!í�Ð6,zW$¹ÒjèE
E5Š3ðŠï÷XZkÆ!*z�ŠèÃg{L{�$¹Òjè
EEäÉŠc*å',Z',ÿ
Nî@*g;XLLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,Z~Z*Ã7»û{LLZ
(Ÿ54-êG
GEGóó~01Šc0291YÃ÷áùƒZXZkû}Ɖ{2Ÿ:÷Xt�Ûn™DƒñāZDw"54fõ E
GHIÐOW,ƒñZzg"54fõ E
GHIä4}»
�**™sÇ7HZkŦZ{úð~ZDwÌoiw§]ð™**eT÷ÔÃ7“W ä–ìā-g\~!›Ðê NMOLRÜt"54fõ E
GHI»Ãð%û7ìX2¯tZ²
~yZ!tìāM\ÆäñM\ÊÙ÷Zzgz{Ìc.ç NF}“WÅÃÒ™D÷6ā*ÃZk»Š/ƒ[ìXZDw:ÜsZk${ð
GOgÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg
÷ÉZÐŒÛMyÐ5Šc*ìXZkÆaÜsŠzF,™VÅ¢zg]¶XZÑZ°
122
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ƒZzgZÒŠÅãCŠ6,ZDw"54fõ EGHIÅ$åEO#Ö™@*ì²ZDw»¯tZÑKy
çÑ}ÆËÌ6ÐZ½YìZzgZkÆa}.ZÃâ'¢zg~ìXZk6 Æ"54fõ
EGHIZzgZDw~Ãð�Ût7X
ZuZ§pŠ~6,e4jèEE»g--42Šc0291YÃLLŠ~Vóóßy~÷áùƒZX
tû{#Ö:ìXZDwÃàZs÷${ðG
Og™Dƒñe4jèEEä–ìāZ¤/
�{æt)ª¬ÅêLZsx(©ƒŠHÂz{f[Ãì™}ÇX',}VZzgå"5¾æ HGY
^ÆZDw6,ZW,Z]»f™™äÆÔe4jè
EEäÔ"54fõ EGHIÆZW,»f™Zk§bHì:
"But the strongest influence is Nietzsche. The doctrine
of hardness, of individuality, of the need of conflict
and the benefit of an enemy run all through the peom?"
‘ÕäO)ZDwäeZË$¹ÒjèE
EÆ**xZLZq-¯[~�†g~1291Y~–ŠHÔÃ7Zzge4jè
EEÆZ‹ZŸ]»$åOÜ�Z[Šc*X6,zW$¹ÒjèE
EÃZDw»!í�™T$CkƒZOçÔÁz÷Ôeg',kLL\Äætóó6,ZLû}~
øDfsgZñ7Å:"The affinities with Nietzsche and Bergson need not
be emphasised." 8
t!*]‡&ÿEL$ðGOzìā6,zW$¹ÒjèE
EMy»gZKZ’ZðgZñЮÐö Nîg6,Š„',ŠZgƒ‰X2âÞ1391YÃZDwßk,~ZÁÏZcäßy~Zq-ºmZ°k»ZOxHXZk~Áz÷egÎZ»',DÑq-¸'Z’Zð½k,eZË$¹Òjè
EE
äÅZzg¹āLLæ',k¸Ë¤DÆ0t7Íð™**Âåāz{Äf‚ MЙÑÅ—-V6,ãÇp5091Y~ZDwÊN™Ä~»t÷áù ~@*i{ƒY@*å:!*Ññuliƒlq~&ò@*Ä*gÒ—~XLLZuZ§pŠ~óó
ƒðÂ~Z’Z~ŒāZDwŠzuZ"54fõ EGHIìc*Zkä"54fõ E
GHIÆìÑ]»l/Q@*gZ
9 ìp~r_¬ÆZkË6,àāt!*ÇZµ½ìXóó
222
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
6,zW$¹ÒjèE
EÆZkZ‹ZsZzgzŸs#Æ!*z�Š${ðG
O§pŠ~Ã"54fõ EGHI»
%ƒÈ4ŒÛZgŠc*Y@*g;XOç7391YŤ/ñV~‘ÕäO)ZDwä±2+k,*i~ÃZq-â^−™Zc*T~ZKZzg"54fõ E
GHIÅx¹ÃÒŒÛZgŠïƒñ
LLZuZ§pŠ~óóZzg"54fõ EGHIÆ�ÄŠŒÛZgŠc*XZDwäzŸs#ÅāLLZKÈ»ïóó
»,-g\~*ìpZsòŠ*~*7ZzgÐeìā"54fõ EGHIäZC${ð
GO§Zsx
‘Õä O)ZDwÅèÃg{ 01 c*ætÐ1pZÐZkäZKâœ{6,4ÐMߊ{™Šc*XÐV’k,zVZzg¨ù¦ZDwÆ**"ìJELhZzg"54fõ E
GHIÆ4}»÷~ÃÐ
_·HYñÂ¥xƒ@*ìāx¹zZªÒìZzgZ%sãCŠ~âλìXZkx¹ZzgZ%sÅVw|]ñ\ö WðZzg�Ûúyņ]÷X
f!„ÐZ.Š{Zzgf!„6,${ðG
O§pŠ~»«ƒ**ŠzZ!*'÷XZDwÆ_·zZ.Š{ÅuzŠzW÷pZ#gÆZ°gzÇÅ¢ZðZyÆ4,Šq-pŠ~Æo°ìXtƒZgā‘Õä O)ZDw"54fõ E
GHIZzg',}VÆ%ƒÈ4÷
f[~ÁZzgæt~ic*Š{ƒCˆ'X™xÈDä%Ë$š{ïGOEÆ
f!„Ô湄Zzg¡¾æ ELZDw»Š¢ïGOGLÃÐ_·HZ,VäZkZ²ZxÃÃ@*{|6,
LLZDw»¬gsóó~—÷ (Luce- Claudemaitre) FFŒÛZgŠc*ìXßk³e$4-÷GGE
āŒÛMyˆäŠzIuZÖp~ZKyÅZÐZŠe$»Zm]HìXŒÛMy~ZKÈ»ïÆ${ð
GOgŃZgQìX÷á²ZDwŠxŠx6,ŒÛMyÐZ.Š{™@*ìX
ZkƯx~Mc*]Æ!*g!*gjZáX÷Zzgz{"3™-.ç FGEELZsxų™Š{gZ{ÐZāZs7™**eLX‰**Š+äZDw6,'"54fõ E
GHIÆ‘:ZW,Z]Æ!*g}
~0лx1ìptZ0+Z¯ÃßZzgÃ@*{|6,FFìXZDw»${ðG
O§iâỹ!¨å NGOkÐ_“g‚rìXZDwäZK¦Z{úðÆañÑ**gzò»
ZN[HZkaāgzòZk�gè¬Ýš~»{ÛìTÆ!*g}~t¹Y@*ZL»©_¬~ßk³e$4-÷
GGETîË 11 ìābŒÛMVŠgi!*yU~X
322
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
6,qZk»f™ZyZÖp~Hì:LLqgz!*Ñ‹c*C_¬ÐtU*"$ƒY@*ìāZDwäf!„Ð',Zñ**x„Z~.HìX‰Zz‡]z{ZkÆŒÛd$Ì
21 M@*ìp¢„ZCgZ3ps™©8ìXóó2
Z~Z*Ã7Æ4,Šq-p&!*]tìāZDwä"54fõ EGHIÆtZ²Æ${ð
GOgÃ
ŒÛMyÐ�hŠc*ìXÃ7ÆŠZ],{ûÐt!*]!*CÙìā©ZzgZÒŠÃù�hZYYìX¸zzìā"54fõ E
GHIZzgZDwÆ${ð
GOgÃ�häÅÃ7ÅZKÃÒ"pìXZDw
ä–ìāÃ7ä÷}${ðG
OgÊg„îg6,7ŒZzgZÐ"54fõ EGHIÐi$Òû™Æ
{u~5Šc*ìXÃ7»!í�ìāÜsŠzF,™VÐ"54fõ EGHIZzgZDwÆ${ð
GOgZ]»
�ÛtŠzgƒY@*ìX"54fõ EGHIZÑZ°$š{ï
GOE~2ì²ZDw»ZKÈ»ïçÑ}ÆË31 Ì6ÐQ½YìXŠzuZ�Ûttìā"54fõ E
GHIJìZzgZDw}.Z6,¢g‚rìX
Ã7»Z+ÑwŠN1eZ{ÁìZk§jÐ!zŠZzgZ',Z�ðc*�Ûúyzñ\ö Wðņ]»�ÛtÌŠzgHYYìX"54fõ E
GHIÃZÒŠÐ].Z™,Â"54fõ E
GHI!*¹7gLZzgZDw©Æ
%ZK7g~ZÌzse$Ьg~ƒYD÷X�ÛtŠzâVÆZKÈ»ïÆ${ðG
Og~ìXZDwZKÈ»ï~ZvÅ°àZzg)àŠzâVnÅÌ]Å¡Š3D÷²"54fõ E
GHIÆ4,Šq-¯tZ²ÆgZ5~}.ZZq-g»z^ìX
(Two Cheers for Democracy) Z~Z*Ã7äæ',kZKÂ[~t!í�Z(gHìāZDwË›yåZzgZkÅpÄæE)Zsx(6,FF
t!í�²:ìpZk¯6,Ã7qìāZDwÃÎZÑZòf‚» 41 g„Xqï7ŒYXqÑèZsòpD$©�î EG
0ÃMùìXF,9*î E0ZuZ§pŠ~ÆŠâd~6,zW$¹Òjè
EEäZDwÅt’k,Šg`ŶāgzñZgè6,}.ZÅ
!*Š÷á>Ø»|xÁz÷«Z�ÛZŠÅ/ge$ìTÅœZg]«F,+�ÛŠ™}
422
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÇXZk¿Ð‘Õä O)ZDw»„zZãìXZkÐZyÆMùf‚»l!Z0+Zi{ƒ@*ì2/ge$ÆK~ÌZyÆZ0+Z¯„6,gzÝ7,CìX¸gzqã/ge$ìTÆZDw‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷XZk¿ÆZDwä–āLL"54fõ E
GHIä
ZkVà±Å¡Š@¶pZkÆZÑZ°$š{ïGOEZzgZÒŠäZkÆ${ð
GOgÃ
¸g]™Šc*XóóLLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,Zse4jè
EEäZLg--~ZDw6,¼ŠZ‹ZŸ]KX~ÐZq-tìāZDw»,ic*Š{F,f!!{3¨4è
EEGEÔå"5¾æ HG
Y^Ô',}V
Zzg"54fõ EGHIÔ6,FFìX"54fõ E
GHI»ZW,ƒÐic*Š{ìXJÃÙÔZÐZŠe$ÔMzm,lÅ
¢zg]ZzgŠÔÅZÊe$ZiZÍw@*Myš~~úc*VìXZDwä5ÑZ[%æFNZã1ŒV~½™7ÅìXe4jè
EEÆZ‹ZŸ]»‘Õä O)ZDwä{mîg6,âF1Zzg6,zW$¹Òjè
EEÅcÄZkÅß�VÊzg™äÅÃÒÅXízÑÅMzm,lZiwÐYg~ìX¬x›yÌZk!*]ÐzZ�÷X
t 15X ZDwÆZÖp÷:Un{»gg;ìZiwÐ@*Z%zi&lZ¼Ö~åÐÑZ§1Å;-ö XE
61 !*]ÌzZãìā%ŠZÈ}.ZÅ]»gZigzq+M~āå:ā(„~X!zŠÆ£«6,|]Z',Z�ðÆ0*kH7åXZy»!*iz©Å]Ð~åX|]ñ.ð�ÛúyÆZÙxÐeg™¸Ðpt]Æ£x6,Ã,KYäÆ�ÛúyÆ$åO£.ÞM9}ƒñXHZyÆ0*kÌ7åXZDwäe4jè
EEÆ�Z[~–ā)Zd£œÆa(Mzm,lÉCÙ§bÅ].z4Ð,¢oƒCìZzgZKy’ñŠzZxqÝ™©8ì²"54fõ E
GHI—
’6,¢7g‚rXMzm,lÐ÷~Špgzqãì:ā(ϲ"54fõ EGHIÅÜs
(ÏìX~äZLâ^~�Z[LLZuZ§pŠ~óóÆZôm,~Šâd»zìZC!í�Zôm,~‡gMÅœªÆaf!!¨¾æ EO+ÆjZáÐ7HX
ZCæ¬~l!ŒÛMyÅgzÝ~2›ß5Zzg!¨¾æ EO+ÆjZáÐÒy™Y
522
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
åX${ðG
O§iâyÌZsò„~Zb7ìXLLZuZ§pŠ~óó~ŒÛMyÆZuZgÒyƒñ÷X5ÑZ[%æFNZã1ŒV~77ƒðÉ~ä%æFNZãÑZ[51ŒV
71 ~7ÅìX‘Õä O)ZDwä7391Y~�â^±2+k,*i~Ð−™Zc*ÔZk~
ÆjZá iø³íø³×$Ïöçû]eôøìû¡øÑô]Ö×#ä ${ðG
OgèpŠ~ÅzŸs#ŒÛMÈœÅgzÝ~ZzgÐÅX"54fõ E
GHI\Zܪ]Ôh+W»@s¯@*ìZzgZkZ±gÐZk»¯tZ²
ZsxÐ׌Ûd$ìp"54fõ EGHIŧbZk»¯tZ²ÌZ0+S¾~]»6,*g
ìX"54fõ EGHIÅâŠ"ìGOGÃ@sW¯DƒñZDw˜÷:
"Further Nietzsche's Superman is a biological product.
The Islamic Perfect man is the product of moral and
spiritual forces. Neitzsche recognises no spiritual
purpose in the universe. To him, there is no, ethical
principle resident in the forces of history. Virtue,
Justice, Duty, Love all are meaningless terms to him.
The process of history is determined purely by
economical forces and the only principle that governs
is 'Might is Right'."18
LLTÅÑ_ZkÅåóóZ(,ì&ZDwJw7™DXZyÆ4,Šq-$pî EI0¢ð
GO]ç**uìXz{!¸ç NL÷āZKyÃZKyÅÈÏÐMiZŠ™Zc*YñXZkÅzZußg]tìāZKâV6,�ÛâVgzZðZvŃXZDw»%›}.ZgzqãZzgZܹ¸ÂV»1ìX"54fõ E
GHIËgzqãzZܹÑÃ7â}XZkÆ
4,Šq-ZKã@*gõ~ÃðZܹZßw»g�Ûâ7ZzgnÔZ»sÔ�ÛnÔ›"pZÖp÷XZDwÆ4,Šq-tZŠZg.e$Zë÷XzztìāŒÛMÈœZyÅ!*g!*g
S™@*ìXZDw'×h+˜÷ā"54fõ E
GHIZzg»gwâg¾ŠzâVä@*gõÅâŠ~»
622
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
${ðG
Og¬ÆZyczîVÐ1�(„~!*N§s»gDygnp¸ZzgZÐ6,Ç%Jw™1XŠzâVäZkЄŠ}òZ~.KX»gwâg¾Hìā@*g]Zò[Æik,ZW,ZMZgMy»gÍ6Æ;B~MYñÇXz{
Z%ZÐZMZgááÇXZkÆ',@"54fõ EGHI»ìwìāZMZg',F,ZKy»h
ì�ZkÐfŠHìXZÐecāZMZg6,‡*ƒ™ZŠÌ6ÃZkÆ£x6,zZ:ŸŠ}XZDwÆ4,Šq-@*g]¿ÅZkâŠ~äÔ»gwâg¾Zzg"54fõ E
GHIÔŠzâVÅx]Ãvyàc*@*ëâg¾ÅÚ"54fõ E
GHIÅx]Ã
ic*Š{vyàX»gwâg¾Å½Æ‰UZsxÐx/÷ÔOçZDwä
ÎöØô]ÖûÃøËûç ÅŒÛMã½ÃZ·ZÅgzkŤ/ògëgÆÚø~Š¬:�ws ÎöØô]ÖûÃøËûç
LLZ+Å&CÒø ELØgòóó 91 ~7æ{ìZ[J-BZkŠzg~÷áh+z{|ƒ%ŠZgX
~âg¾ÆaLL®Í-êGL"ióóZzgLL!o-
÷GL"ÇóóÆZÖpZEwKXZkbz~x¹Æ!*z�ŠZDwÔù¦wÐÔZ·ZKÃgŠ™D÷ZzgLLŒÛMy~ƒ©iyóóÅSZzgLLM&4è
JGEL9åóóÅ×e$™D÷XZϧb
"54fõE
GHIÆ!*g}~ZDwä¹ā:¡Òï G
ELZzñðŠâè»�ÛZ„XZkÅzzÒy™DƒñÔqd/õ IG~ÔZDw˜÷āLL"54hé EGHIä\¡Òiªî EE
0ZÜt6,i',Š„úHìXZk»ŠârZka»�Ûìāz{}.Z»”Gì͉Zܹ}ò~ZkÆ
»gwâg¾Zzg"54fõ EGHIÅZDwäZq-u 02 Z°gè<ØèZsxƹŒÛd$÷Xóó
J-dÅpŠzâVÃMh};ðVÌ1XŠzâVÅJZ:x]ZK+MÆa$÷XŠzâVÆ!*g}~ZDw!*g!*g˜÷āz{LÑóÆ%µ6,gu‰ZzgLSÆäŠóÅ2wJ-:VnXOç}.Z6,¢:ƒäÆ!*)§$þGLÃ3½è XE
~6,zm,~.ZzgtZ²»$pî EI0¸]ZL}òÆZ±gÐZq-÷X"54fõ EGHIÆ
K~ZDwë÷:
722
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ÑzSÆä ŠZi£â‹pŠ~Z„! i0+ÏÑ—Z÷ágZ‹pŠ~Z„Zi£Ä†{óÔ[:gÄ! Zz/ÑŠgâ0+z@*SÆäŠ:gÄ
12 @*g¦}',uzg}uæ} »l1Š}ŠgiâÈZ£}ÑZzgSÆäŠÃLLZi£â‹pŠ~óóìÆZDwzŸs#™D÷ā"54fõ E
GHI
LÑóÆ£x6,ZÏ™g{ŠHZzgLSÆäŠóJ-:VeX"54fõ EGHI»tZÒŠZDwÃdìXZyÆ
4,Šq-�Z£uy~Ü,ZÐgZ{@Ze$6,eZw$˶XLL!*wƒsóó~¹ā:Z¤/ƒ@*z{ìz[�ÛāZkiâä~&ÂZDwZkÃŒ@*£xºc*HìXqd/õ IG~LLìzƒ�ÛāóóÅzŸs#™Dƒñ–ìāLL*»�gìz[…
"54hé EGHIÔ�ZLzZgŠZ]»9Z0+Zi{:™eZzgZkaZkÆ‘:Z°gäZÐ32 tßgZ3ZÒŠ»ì&ZDw!*g!*g@½W¯D÷X 22 ßgZ56,eZwŠc*Xóó
Z~Y',ZîyäÔeZË$¹ÒjèE
EÅgZñÐOW,ƒ™ÔZK"LL@*g+÷ GELZŠÒ‹ÃgÏóó~t!í�Z(gHìāLLZuZ§pŠ~óó»,æ¹g8-~�gð…"54fõ E
GHI»
@*ëLLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,ZLg--~�gZbZ¨S-΂ÌÆÝ~ 42 l/ìX÷áùƒZÔ',Zîyä²:‹t7HìXZkg--~ñßsä6,zW$¹Òjè
EE
ÅgZñZzgpŠZKgZñÅF,Šh+ÅìX',Zîyä–ìāeZË$¹ÒjèE
EÆ_.ZDw»,(,~uJ-"54fõ E
GHIZzg',}V»%ƒÈ4ì²tËÒpÐÌ
f!,7ìXt‘:Z0+Zi~Z8ðEO‹ZsxŽì�Z¢ZtÔZ−Z›pŠ~Zzg!Zz„ÆZ%ZnÆ´`ÆaèˆìXZDwÆ$©�î EG
0ÃÆ_.52 ZyúZgnä"3™-.ç FGEEL²!åÅi0+{zÂZ**½Æcz»gzVÃ**»g{¯Šc*ìX~8iïELfsgZñ» (Whither Islam?) ZÝZ}Mg±ï
YEäZKÂ[
ZÖgHì:"What strikes one first in Iqbal is the strength and the
fervour of his love for Islam as an ideal which if fully
realized should suffice for Man's every want in this
822
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
world and the next. His wide reading and his poetic
temperament have created in his mind so attractive and
so inspiring a picture of the simplicity, the force and
the appeal of early Islam that his main preoccupation
centres round a return to that simple creed in order to
regain what he beleives Islam to have lost."26
ZkZ½kÐ8iïELfs$¹é EL]Z~.ƒD÷:ZDw»·Z7ZsxìX )1(ZsxÐZDwÅ›~u¤/òZzg¢ïìX )2(ZDwÆ4,Šq-Zsx6,7g~§b¿cZƒäÐZKyÅCÙŠE~ )3(ZzgZyz~¢zg]7g~ƒ$ËìZÝZsxŧsg�q›âVÃZy»Åc*ƒZ£xzZ:ŠÑYìX )4(tegzV!*'Šg„÷X±ï
YEÅgZñÃH:ZzgdìXZk
ÐZDwÆz].Zy)ÅgzZ‹y(Åú»Z0+Zi{̃@*ìp±ïY
EäˆÅ‰’k,zVÐZDwÅ„~Z‚kÃã¯äÅÃÒÅìXZKÂ[
~±ï YEä–ìāZDw‘ÐêLŠ+ÅZsòãCŠ,!3{ð GOÃ: (Mohammedanism)
�ÐZ~.™@*ìXÅ@*z&ÿGLâ"54fõ EGHIƯtZ²Zzg',}VÆÛZg»Æ
~±ïY
Eä (Modern Trends in Islam) ZKZq-ZzgÂ[ 72 Z0+Zi~ƒðìX»twŠg`HìāLLZ#M\!3{ð GOÃ:@*zsÆgZ56, (Dean Lowe) e+ßz
ZzgZkjZáÐ 82 ^7,D÷ÂËÌ!*]»È¼ÌòYìXóóZDwÆâegyZixÃ@sW¯c*ìX)tcZŒ!*[~ì(|tì
āZDw»�gÍtf!!¨¾æ EO+Æ‚BìÔz„›ß5Æ‚BÌìX${ðG
OsÆ)ŒÛMãÁÜÃZDwäJw7HZzgzu]Zß�ŠÔ*.çGMEEOÑ‹3ZzgZÈyz){
—O?óó 6,JWÅìXZkK~',Zîy»LLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,û{Zzg±ïY
E»LLZsx
922
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
~Òy™Š{!í�Ñ$þJLÂ<îEOìX
~ZDw (Modern Islam in India) ».$zs\.-ôGäZK�gÂ[ÃZq-§sF,¹IZzgZ·ZŪCÙHìZzgŠzu~§s"54fõ E
GHI)2',}V(»
puŒÛZgŠc*ìX\.-ôGqì:"Iqbal has been criticised as an unoriginal thinker; it is
pointed out that much of his philosophy is but an
Islamization of, particularly, Nietzsche and Bergson,
of course anyone familiar with modern European
thought must readily detect in Iqbal's ideas the western
sources."29
\.-ôG»!í�ìāZDw»9,"54fõ EGHIZzg',}VÆ�ÃZsòg8-
Š¶ÆáZŠsìÔZkaZy6,tWňāz{Z-!¨¾æ EO7÷X�¿].h+-g8�ÐzZ�ìz{šµZDwÆf!$ó~.»&óE‚ãèÎYìXtŠúò
Ç~ƒŠHìXZDw»ZCŠúòZkÆ',@ìXZDwë÷ā~äLLZuZ§Â[óóÒyK÷:傹ÂZk_5ÿGLçã»&ÈeZá¹gä
ÃðÌ¿TÅÃŒÛMy6,ƒÔÄZDwК—zµ³ 03 ZuZ§Â[MyZ~.™}ÇX\.-ôGÅÃŒÛMÈœZzgÄZDwŠzâV6,÷~7ìX\.-ôGät|
ÃZ0+Zi™Š~ìātZ²ZzgiâyÆ${ðG
OgZ]67÷Xæ¹ZzgZsòZŠ[~t¬Ðñ�Š¸X\.-ôGät|ÌÃZ0+ZiÅìāZDwäèÃg{WÅŠÑbÐF,Šh+™Š~¶2eZËMgZ}$¹Òjè
EEäZkK~ZCpÐi·û{zZ:
á1åXeì».$zs\.-ôGZy›ëÐ"g;ƒXeZËZ+%~\)ÿI
ÅtgZñziygBbìā"54fõ E
GHIÆe~ZDw»gÍtLL7åENEâÌzšqâ´åMgóó»g;
Šg|]f!Zzgæ¹2Š*z].h+„Æ‚BZDw»¸gÍtg; 13 ìXìXZDwd›ëÐ07Ù7™DZzgZyÐZ.Š{™D÷pË
032
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
${ðG
OgÃŒÛMÈœÅgzÝ~6,Ç%Jw7™DZzgaèZ,VäZuZ§Â[ÒyK÷ZkaZ-!¨¾æ EO÷XZkK~~**BMiZŠ˜÷:
LLZDwäZ¤/æ¹Zzgf!!¨¾æ EO+ÆìÑ]ÃZCc*ìÂZÏuJ-TuJ-z{Z¹‡&ÿELJw¸XZkuÆZ,VäZC
gZ3ZµZ(gHXf!ìÑ]ÃY"Ô6,´ZzgZ¹ZC**c*gœ™**ËÌ2gÅÑÅŠ?ìXZkÆZZ°§ZyÐM@ÈgGgL6»o]ìXZDwäf!ìÑ]Å÷Zð~QF,™Zzg}Z¹Jw™ÆZzg}gœ™Æ
23 ZLZzg¥!¨¾æ EOƒä»o]Šc*ìXóóèÃg{Wƈ\.-ôGqìāLLZDwìwÐìw»gfe÷Ô
zZu]Ð7XZyÆìÑ]91Z¹tZ0+Zi{7åāz{k›ëZzgzZu]H÷�Zy${ð
GOgZ]Å¡ÆŸð÷XZDwÅÎa¸]M�Û+¶
Zkaāz{].h+,Y…¸XZk]M�Û´Åzz].h+‚bc*].h+΂Ì:¶XZDw',}Vŧb].h+‚bZzgâg¾Å§b].h+΂ÌÐzZ�:¸XóóMwZ£uzgZzg~**BMiZŠäZk!*]ÅÂ}ÅìāZDwA].h+�
].h+‚bÆ 33 ÐzZ�¸ZÚ].h+‚bc*].h+΂ÌÐzZ�:¸Xd›ëTŠgZŠ[z,~FƒñZDwZyÐl!MÇ{¸ZzgtMÇ„ZyÅ„~¢zg]z‹tÆa»°¶Xz{].h+΂ÌÅgvgvÐ
@*ëZÝÎZwt7ì 43 zZ�ÔZkaāZy»_·zWZzgx@{råXāZDwHic*Š{Y…ZzgHÁY…¸XZÝZzgZëÎZwtìāZDwÆ
53 ${ðG
OgZ]Å¡»Z®g¾6,ìXZDwë÷āLLì,i0+ÏЊzg~XóóZDwÆ4,Šq-].h+Ñi˜97ìOçz{JZ:${ð
GOgZ]6,»g~¢[ÎD
> ÷XMwZ£uzgZq-£x6,˜÷āLLZDwÅ÷á²~~z{(,Zðì�fz¾
132
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ZÝ!*]¸ìXZDwÅ]M�Û´» 63 »Úfg¯äÐaZƒCìXóóZzg¸fz¾>ìTÐ"54fõ E
GHIZzg',}VÉ9 73 gZiÌZÏ~ìX
f!!¨¾æ EO+øzx÷ZzgZ¤/p-g8')å GOy»f6UZsò')å GOyƉUîVpZDwÆ4,Šq-f!ŠZøfz¾>ÐøzòÆ!*) 83 ÅÂWìX
FgZK+MÃFgF,™g„ì:=MV–āZÚ¯}ŠZg~
93 =Z+Z„āF§ÂFgF,Z„CÙ',^gi+ä–åāZ¤/pZDwäpŠ6,"54fõ E
GHIÆZW,Z]ÅÔÅì
@*ëŠzâV»»©_·**¦/k,ìX"54fõ EGHIƯtZ²ZzgZDwÆZKÈ»ï~
ÜsZܹZz™s»�ÛtìX"54fõ EGHIÅZ‚kZÑZsÅÑKçÑ]6,Z2Zgì
ZzgZDw»ZKÈ»ïÔZKZÝÆZ±gÐÔ/g~ìX÷~ŠZª~ZDw»${ðG
Ogic*Š{0*Z+ZgãCŠzV6,LìāZk~cZoÔ|][ðZzg|]·åÜ04 Và†]à÷X
CÙ',^gi+ÅgZñ(,~uJ-9ì@*ëcZoZzg|][ðÅ(|]Z',Z�ðZzg|]ñ.ðÆ**x‘YDÂtgZñ|ÐŒÛd$F,ƒCX2LLZܹZz™sóóÆÚø~LLÜsóó»ZEwÃ7Æik,ZW,ƒZìXKã¡z]ÆZDwqò÷ZzgL**È�,ózZßVÆaL!*izñ©gó«™äÅ™¬™D÷@*ëc.ç NF}Zzg%Šèñð»ãCŠ~�ÛtZܹìX
eZËZ+%~\)ÿI
äLLYzh+**)óó»F,Å�~F,ÀHXLLYzh+**)óóZzgLL\Äætóó»ð~àxF,ÀHXZDwÅ�~’k,zV»Zq-ù·ði!*y~
(Gabriel's Wing) vHXZDw6,¼Š£Ñ]‘XZDw6,ZyÅZôm,~Â[3691Y~÷áùƒðTÆ$ó~.Åz„~ÔZkz‰ÜJ-»Ô9fíÒZD1]÷áïìX\)ÿ
I»_Åœî0ZDwzWzrìXZDw6,¼Z‹ZŸ]ÌK÷X
232
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZyZ‹ZŸ]Ã$+{�6,úw 14 »f™Ô‰™xyäÔ”zæÆ‚BHìX7™**ecX-g\)ZzgZ%M(~ZDwÙÏÅgzZe$ÃMÐ(,Jä~
Z+%~\)ÿI
»úc*V™ŠZgìXPZq-Z‹ZŸ]Ð',ëƒä»Ãð�Zi7ÔZ%ZyÅYõ6,Ä¢zg~ìXZDwÅ„~Z‚k6,\)ÿ
IÅtgZñiãâ8çXLZDw
цZÔÅ’k,zVÐic*Š{1Š{7ìXÑñßsä–ìāLL\xæt~$‹fõ
EI»ZW,ZkŠgúc*V7AāLLZuZ§pŠ~óó~ì'pŠ~Æ�&%ZiÒyK‰÷Zy6,$‹fõ
EI»ËŠgZW,ì'gm,ÒZÓkZzgM6,�ZÃg÷z{',ZÓgZ„$‹fõ EIÆik,ZW,‘‰÷'ZϧbZÓkzi¸wzZàÄ»*y$‹fõ
EIÐâpfì'ZPxpŠ~ÔJÃÙZzgJI~»,$‹fõEI»
ì'Z\kìāLZuZ§pŠ~ó~ZDwä',}V»**x71ZzgZk»Óxt¿7Ò3ªî E
GE0†ZÔÆ 24 ¡ÒiªîEE
0z‰ÜZâx÷áwÆZq-¸wÆ�Ä™Šc*ìXóó÷áï *yLLgzò$‹fõ
EIZzgZDwóóÆ÷²t*y\)ÿI
Æz„ÂÒ]~ìXZ+%~\)ÿ
IÅÂ[~Zq-!*[LL¡¾æ
ELZDw6,f[zæt»ZW,ZzgßBz
${ðG
OsÆ‚BZyÆgzZ*6,Zq-Z)àÃóóÆÄZyÐ÷áïìX\)ÿI
ä$4èGELZDwÆjZáÐ{àáZiycÅìX}}ZyÅ„g]CìX}Šâd~—÷āZDwäf!ìÑ]ÃZL${ð
GOgèZsxÆ_.ps
™1XèÃg{!*[~g¶§Zi÷:"Iqbal himself has always maintained that the idea of
the Perfect Man was Islamic, not Nietzschean; yet
Nietzsche's superman may still have acted as a ferment
in the formation of Iqbal's ideals. There are, of course,
parables and allusions in the Asrar which are traceable
back to Nietzsche, like that of Diamond and coal,
Diamond and Dew-Drop; perhaps one may also count
the "three stages of the ego" among them. Yet it is
332
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
rather the brave and heroic will to accept life as it is
and to master it which has fascinated Iqbal in the
German philosopher. He agrees also with him in the
positive evaluation of suffering."43
tÁz÷z„!*'÷�цZÔäè‰X)a¬Zi~',&Š—â0+›ã("54fõ E
GHIÐZDwÅtz„x¹ì&ZDwäÒŒÛZgŠc*ìX
F,"3ïEGOGèpŠ~Æ%Zi~®ZŠÃðZÌ7gBbXZÝZÌâÎF,šMÅìXZDwÆ4,Šq-ãCŠ~ZzgZÍA!*]LLZ¤“ïGLZÅ:ö XWóóìX"54fõ E
GHIÐZDw»gZ3ZÏ
£xÐ].ZƒY@*ìXQ·»jZ!ÌÒx¹ìXZLãCŠ~�ÅzŸs#ÆaÆ™™ZDwäZz.$ÆZz™sÒyKXZk~ÃðCÙ
Š9tìāZDwëH÷XHtqZsògzb»MsŠZg7: 44 7åXÁpgzÁpZ[zœ&4pî FGI0XZzgtÄ:ŠgZ¤®)ÃlZ}êÃg&òØŠZiƒaZZ(gX
ZDwqd/õ IG~˜÷āLLZkÄ~ZÅ;5 XWG‹ZsðÆ�gXƒzZ(gŧsZ÷ág{ìX°ŠtìāZdZzgE:æOe$Z¤®)ª0*È~�ÛZøÐaZ
%7Ïî0LŠzxÔZDwÆ4,Šq-‚ÑìXZKyZL·Z7Æ 54 ƒCìXóó”wÅ{§85Ò3ð EEGVÇ1~g‚rìXZkÑÅ{§ZDw®Ð*î0©ÔúiÔgzi{ÔeZzgi2>ÅÕÒy™D÷XtZg»ÈZsx÷XZ+%~\)ÿ
IÅÂ[»
ŠzuZ!*[Z4Zg»yZsxÆjZáÐZDwÆ_¬6,ŒìXZkÐZDwÅ„~Z‚k»çƒY@*ìX%7Ïî0Îx*"$èZÅ:ö XWìXZDw**T$hÐ
²$‹fõEIÆatZz™s 64 Zðz*ÔZ8ðEO]Zzg›ÅÌ]™[™D÷X
"p÷XZk»c.ç NF}ÇZèyZzg"ÎxìX**T$èh¸]»ZEwZKã#bÆa™@*ì²c.ç NF}ZKc*ZL6ÅZ¾ZnÆaXZ+%~\)ÿ
I
Zy›ëÐl!MÇ{÷XZ,VäpŠ–ìāLL"54fõ EGHIÅ;CªZzg
ZCZ[ÃZDw÷áh+f!!{3¨4èEE
GEÐ4¸,$‰¸XóóZKZkgZñÅ@*G
432
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÐZq-Z½kÜHì�tìā (Stray Reflections) ~•gZ‹¡¾æE
LZDwLL$‹fõ
EI»,ÔÁZiÁZܪ]ÆŠZ],}~Ô-g\Ƨ¿Ã[�Zi�ÛZë™äÅZq-ÃÒìXpZÑZB»tx9-g\½~%ŠzŠŒÛZgŠc*ŠHìX
74 ¹ÁßvZkƆyÆg'×MÙ÷Xóót!*]›yçÑ}~¥xzczsìāZvZLÈzVÂ;
Ц/Zg@*ì@*āz{±5å NEy0YNXZy‚;ZzgMiâUVЊzu}9zVÆ´z{"3™-.ç FGEELMyåÌ)ìZLô/ñÆ(¦/g}÷Xô!îE0™Zxñ»z�§É
Zzg].z4åXz{MgZxÐ7ä¸X§ÉÔ].z4Zzg¼®)%æGMu™Æ›y@M‚yZzgH6,„¶ÂizZwЊzegƒ‰XZÓkZzgi¸w2
ZÓkZzg¢ÒMÅ©c*]ÕÆz{ñC÷XÅæŠÐZDwäZLãCŠ~�ÃZY¤/HìXÕZzgŠZ**ðÅ!*'˜V}ƒVÔZKË”{Oq™™Ô
ZDwáfe÷XZDw»Z‹ZszZ´yìā:g1ŠxŠZ:zŠZê±mo-êYG
Xtgz!îGO7åENEâÌzšqâ´åLgÆ_.ìXZk6,2nƒ****gzZìX
\)ÿI
äß¹ìāZDwäf!ìÑ]ÃZL${ðG
O§ZsxÆ_.ps™1XZKÈ»ï»${ð
GOgDÙZgzV',kÐñ�ŠìZzgCÙZq-äZL$©�î EG
0ÃÐZkÅ‚ÅìXŒÛMÈœä!*g!*g»ïZKy»f™HìXª]ìā�ÛZ÷Åßk³e$4-÷
GGEäT|ÃYy1ÔZkJ-*ÅZ+%~\)ÿI
:VÃXZÝ|tìā–wZDwÔ"54fõ E
GHIäZKÈ»ï»${ð
GO§Zsòc*æ¹
ZŠ[Ð1ZzgZÒŠÐMߊ{™ÆZÐ*™Šc*XeZËZ+%~\)ÿ
IÅøDfsMgZZÝ|ÅMsŠZg÷:
LLeZËå"5¾æ HGY
ÃÌÀƒZāZDwˆ~¬ÃgŠ™‰'š~LLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,"54fõ E
GHIÆZW,Z]Æ!*g}~ßÍVäI¾
H'ZÞ,œ~Åm~"54fõ EGHIÃdwÔ7Õä EMOtZzg~}.Z»
532
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
${ðG
Og:5ÔZkaz{ZҊŧsâbƒŠHXZDwë÷ā�Z£uy~ëŠZ³U*ãÅÏ,"54fõ E
GHIÃgZ{@Ze$C$˶'"54fõ E
GHI
ÐZÖ§gŠ~Æ!*z�ŠÔZDwZ$+~i0+Ï)My](ÐZïg™äů6,ZkÐZÖ§ÜZg~™D÷Yèi0+Ï»ÔgzZVŠzZVƒ**ZDw»Š´„7‘:ÃtÌì'–wZDw"54fõ E
GHI
»oÒ¦‡èZ$+~Zk¼k,6,4ÐÌ$+F,ìTÃÂëÐZŠZHYYìXtz{o{ìTÐgD**‹¿+ƒYD
84 ÷ZzgpŠ~ZCZj[ÅßìXóóeZËZ+%~\)ÿ
IÔ‰»ØVÐsÃÔxZDwÙk÷XZDw
ÆÃ{ä»ÔT~f!!{3¨4èEE
GEÅÂÁÌñ�Š÷Ôf™™äƈtgZñªCÙÅìāZyÂ1VÊN™tìw™**߃ÇāZDw#V#V!¨¾æ
EO+Æ\?ç LO~2gìƒVÐXZDwäGZyÂ1VÃ7,JƒÇpZ¤/Ãð!©5å E
GL_ìwJwHÂŒÛMyÅgzÝ~HƒÇXŠv_ÃgŠ™Šc*ƒÇX}]41ºÎæ FEÅLLizZÁf[óóʼn!*ÂVÃZDwäIH1'ÆZÒÃc*]
94 Æ@*gz7Š1™gÄŠbXZDwäf!!¨¾æ EO+ÐZ.Š{Hìpf!„ÅeZ‘VÐpŠÃôpg3ìXŠgµ¦È�Û8-äZyÆû~ZŸ†HpZyÅ„~Z‚k
Õè�Û8-7ìXZkK~K‰Z‹ZŸ]M÷pZy~Ãðziy7ìX–weZË',;yZ£Ãgz¹LL„»g1„7YYYèCÙ„Zq-
Z~Z*Ã7ÆZ‹ZsZzgwÆ_.ZDw 05 {mnÆ×~�YìXóó$¹é FO›yìZzgZkÅpÄZsx6,FFg„XZDwÆÂÄ„~ƒ43š5é EGG]Ô§»]Zzg;]Æ].h+d›ë»f™ìZzgZk~f!ÕzŠZøÆ$¹é EL]ÃÌZDwäÈc*ìX@*ëZDwÆÂÄ„ÅãCŠZsòìZzgZkãCŠ
632
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
~)ZsòÁÜÅMöle7X{m£œc*t]Ð?Ø™¦ñX FZ0+Zi~ZDw»_·™äzZáZk|»ZŠgZul!™fe÷
ä–ìāZDwä6f!ìÑ]_.[K (V.G. Kiernan) z~Y**y15 Zzg¼Š!¨¾æ EO+{mîg6,¬Ô',}VZzgƒÐic*Š{"54fõ E
GHIÐOW,ƒñX
)**yÅgZñ6,ZDw#³’k,zV»¼ZW,ìzg:|tìāZDwäÃðf!ìwW~‹bЦ/Zg}%Jw7H(@*ë¼MÐ^™
**yä–ì:"Iqbal was coming to the conclusion that the bussiness
of the Muslims was not to open their ears to the
teachings of others, since this modern world had no
message of life to give them; but to open their minds
and souls to the message of their own faith, their own
past, their own genius as a community."52
|¸ìāZDw»�xh6,4»�xìXz{©ÆjZáÐ${ðG
O§pŠ~ÃZY¤/™D÷:pŠ~»u.VÆäMS[SÑZvZzg»ïF,+ZKy|]·åÐÚÔZyÅcz~ZzgZyЛÃZL�xÅãCŠ¯D÷XeZËZsZöó
ZDwÅ„~ãCŠ)�g{m©zg‚ª(»f™™Æ˜÷: (L.S. May)"It is this core of Islamic thought, in which Iqbal
passionately believed. He not only reinterpreted afresh
the teachings of Islam as found in the Quran, but his
genius gave them poetic form of great beauty which
swept the emotions."53
qgz!*Ñ¥%]ЪCÙìāZDwÅ„~Z‚kZsxìXZkK~‘Õä O)ZDwÅZKÂí]ƒÐic*Š{xZzgR÷ZzgŒÛMÈœÆÚø~¯ÄZDw»_·ZÏËJ-à@*ì'@*ëeZËZ}Mg$¹Òjè
EEÅ
ps”{My~ZzgîgZñÔßk³e$4-÷GGE»‹tÔZuZ§pŠ~6,',ZîyZzg±ï
YLEÆ732
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
û}ÔZ+%~\)ÿI
Zzg**yÅMgZZzgeZËZsZöóÆÒyÐ̸³Z~.ƒ@*ìā¡¾æ E
LZDwÅZ‚kŒÛMÈœìXZ+%~\)ÿI
äZ1ZÑdñŠzŠ~±ñŠzŠ~ 45 ÅgZñÌ−ÅìZzgZkÅ@*GZDwÆZq-ÄÐÅìX
ÅgZñøDfsì:LLz{�¼Îøå�¼Š8åÔŒÛMyÅÃЊ8åX|ZzgŒÛMyZkÆ4,Šq-ÚzZuZzgZkÚzZu~z{Zk§b+ƒŠHåāZkŠzgÆfYŠ+~Ì=ÃðZ(¿Ã7M@*�+á°ZÅMy~ZkZâÄ,ZzgZkZ*Z}8ZÝe~Ô
55 !*gZf$ÑÐźé O3@*ƒXóó3
#Ũ4èE
GELZDwäZDwÆ™ŠZg6,**gzZ.VÆ´z{„ÆXUîVÃÔ{mîg6,Ô@½W¯c*ìZy~ZDwÅ„~Z‚k»ñçq÷áïìXZ,Väà:Å9MgZÃÃZ0+Zi™Šc*Zzgƒc*Ád6,FFMgZÃ:ÜsJw
HÉZ¹6,z"}ÅŠ}Š~Xtßg‹qwZDwÅi0+Ï„~‚tM_¶Xïƒâg7g~ä–ì:
LL~‰ßÍVÐZknÅ!*'‹™@*åāZDwÆ�~Ãð5!*]7XZkÆÓxZ°gZÝ~f!\VÆZ°g÷XZyf!\V~"54fõ E
GHIZzg',}V»**xz{ZÒ1™D
¸X}Zq-™r#ë¸āZDwäZK+MÅŠc*pŠ~ÅF,<»X"54fõ E
GHIÆÛ¯tZ²Ð1ìXZϧbé‹¿c*
w•ZzgkyziâyÆÃb�ZDwÆ;V0*ñYD÷z{',}VÅ»z¶T»³÷XZq-™r#2VäØ©gÆ
»**xÍg3åZzgZkÂÆçãZzg (Will to be) ³ÄÉÑB5éG]
832
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Ø©gÆâ-kÁ¡Òiªî EE0§]Ð"¾{¥xƒDÔŒV
J-ÈŠc*āpŠ~ÅãCŠ)ZDwä(ZÏ6,g¿ìXtÍ™÷~65 ª]ÅZ•:g„Xóó
ïƒâg7g~6391YÅ!*]™gì÷X6,zWz‡gxZLZq-Y,}>ZyLLZD1]Æ0*õ‚wóó)7391Y@*1491Y(~˜÷āLLZDwÃ
…÷á²ìÆZ[J-¬xîg6,ßÍVät¢zg~ŒāZ#ZkÅ÷á²~~�»f™™,ÂZq-‚÷~æ6%æFNZä\VZzg!¨¾æ
EOzVÆ**xaYMh÷á™Ô˧b5@*ã™ÆtU*"$™Š,āZDw6,Zyƒ»Ãð:Ãð
z‡gxäцZÔÆ*yLLgzòÔ$‹fõEIZzgZDwóó6,û}™D 75 ZW,ìXóó
Zzg ƒñt!*]èìXZk*yÐz‡gxÆ´z{eZ˱†ZvÔ³m,Z£XŠNçneZ˱†Zv» 85 ‰Šzu}âCÙ+ZDwOW,c*eZ{ƒñ
ìXZy»£!LLZDwZzg((]óó#2391Y~LLø-Vóóуg~÷áùƒZåXZq-f~ÄZyLLZDwÆ(Ï„Æ$ó~.óóÆ�Z,Vä–åāLLZDwÃ"54fõE
GHIZzg',}VЉç5]~Z%sì�Qßàwgnp÷Zzgq
pцZÔ»èÃg{*y7,"ƈ 95 M‚ãÐÃZ0+Zi7HYYXóóeZˆZvÅgZñ$+wˆXZy»z„£!LLZDw»(ÏóóÆÄZyÐLL)&ÿ
JLZDwóó~÷áïìXLLZDwÆ(Ï„Æ$ó~.óóÆf~ÄZyÆ�˜÷āLL¡Òiªî EE
0pŠ~ÅF,I~ZˆµpŠ~Æ0ìÑ]¢o/õEIGÐâpf
¥xƒD÷X].z4ZzgZPÄpŠ~»,"54fõ EGHI»ìXZϧbG)�g
ZDw 06 u8g*î FI0D(ZzgiâyÆ0¹¼',}VÆik,ZW,–ŠHìXóóMÙðÆZŒ%ÖV6,±†ZväZKZÝgZñZ(g™àT»ZÖgZyÆ*yLLHZDw¡pu?óó˜!LL)&ÿ
JLZDwóóZzgLLŠÄWóó˜!
LL_Åœî0ZDwÆP6¥cóóЃ@*ìX
932
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
LLHZDw¡pu?óó»M¸iZk§bƒZì:LLøg}Zd½c*C6»Zq-{m8~î OZkp+uß.Ã(,~]åIO]Zzg7g}ZìuÆ‚B;g;ìāZDwÆ0*kZC
¼7Xz{�¼È‰÷ŠzuzVÆìÑ]zÃc*]Å¡ÜìXóóŠg|f[6,„ŠZ›gzVÆ´z{Zkî~Z·ZÅÔyzÔy~
¸x6,„›yÔßZ0+÷cZzgq‡+z){CÙ§bÆ#Ũ4èE
GELZDw÷áï¸Xz{ZKîÃ!*‡°{Yg~gǃñ÷XZkñçq6,pV£Ñ]Zzg¼ŠÃèY_÷X~Љ6,¸gC-Eg-Vä8ZÝe~ÅZ‹Š«Å÷XZyó£Ñ]~ïÂzZŠÏìpZk6,izgic*Š{ìāZDwä#V…Ð#V${ð
GOg»g1ìX8ZÝe~Æa5591Y~M�Y{
»gzZãäZC‘Z[M!*Š-Eg;~LLZDw»¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~óóÆÄZyÐ7
HX¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~Æ$ó~.~Z¤/pŒÛMy™*ÔñÑ**gzòÔZ0#ZzgZâxçZàÃ÷áïHŠHìp(£½ð EMY
M]µ45é YLGGZzg$+|'Z+Æ´z{"54fõ EGHIÔ',}VÔ¬ZzgMí
6íz){Ì÷áï÷XZDwÆ${ðG
O§83ï EEOG»$ó~.Ô»gzZãÅïÆ_.Ô16 âŠZx!*wz$hÀö
Gì�Š*›]ÅâCÙ¶X
6,6691Y~ (Western Influence in Iqbal) @*gZ`g2ÏÆ‘Í;K-Eg;äZ¹8ZÝe~Å�«ÅXg2ÏÆ4,Šq-Xf!!¨¾æEO+zÄZÐZDwOW,ƒñZy~».$ÔÑT$2Ô"54fõ E
GHIÔ¬ÔØ©gÔ"54fõ E
GHIÔ
',}VÔâg¾Ôz@8-,ç EGEÔå"5¾æ HGY
^ÔzZV$ŠÔMí6íÔ8-,ç EGEzZgeÔŠZ…ÔŒÔÍ,ÔzgeizgBZzg',Zî)z){÷áï÷XZ!!/õG~g2ÏäŠzuzVÆ
ÅÔ+gÆjZáÐÔ°pZzgZk (borrowing) ìÑ]Z~.™äÅ&¢A)©à Úø~ZDwÅdÅìX<~gZÈg**B+gÅ÷á²~ÃÌZDwÅ
042
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Iqbal in Final ) !f;-$~zŠZgCc*ìXg2ÏäZKZq-ZzgÂ[~ÔZDw(ËÆaÔWîç0+Z:ZzgYgq:Z0+ZiZ(gHìX (Countdown
${ðG
O§%›ñðÆK~–ìāZkÅúÁz÷"54fõ EGHIÆtZ²Æ_.
ƒðìXZDwÅÄLLœ$‹pî EIóóÆZÃg)Zôm,~F,À(Šg`™Æ–ìāZy26 Ðic*Š{7ìX (rash) Åw**¬sZ0+.:¢!*i~
LL¡¾æE
LZDwÆuóóZq-Zzg‘ìT6,ZzŠ|-Eg;ä'MÃtÃy~Ã8ZÝe~Å�«ÅXÃy~Ãætzf[ÆX!¨¾æ EO+»Z[kÔ–wpŠÔ¯ÄZDw~Š3ðŠc*ZyÆZ°g»Z)à¬gs7HìXf!!¨¾æ EO+~Z#îyÔZgTÔ',}VÔ"54fõ E
GHIÔ».$Ô¬Ô¢o/õ
ELIHÔâg¾Zzgš÷áï÷Xï»ÑœZ‰ÜňlƒÂZKy9}òJ-VY@*ìXMÃtÃy~äZ¤/pZ#îyÐᙚJ-ÃZDwÆ„~uZV~÷áïHìp
LLw½Myóó~˜÷:LLZDwZ¤/pætzf[Æ„zÃÆ"ÑguZVÐ;c*[ƒñ÷pZyÅ„Óx!¨¾æ EOzVZzgŠZ›gzVÐ].ZZzg
»Šì&ëZ°gzÃc*]Æk~M‚ãÆ‚BÙ|#™Mh÷XZkaāŠvÓxæ¹zf!ÛÆZ°gzìÑ]Æ�ZbZZDwÆŒVñ�Š÷z{ƒãï™Zq-zu]~psƒ‰÷XZk~Z¤/Ãðg8-ƒÐic*Š{@*¯uzúc*VÃM@*ìÂz{ŒÛMÈœ»g8-ìTÆ8g*î FI0™°6,îƈZDwZKÓxf6QåVÐ�]qÝ™fe÷XZyÆf‚ÅÓx²-Ÿ5é
YNGGViƒYC÷Xtz{÷á{ãìTÐ)b»
CÙ¢¨ÿGNE
M‚ãÆ‚BÁY@*ìXóóœ ZDwäÑtz¾[ÅŠZøÐZ.Š{HpZyÅ„~Z‚kŒÛMÈ
142
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ìXMÃtÃy~¸!*]Ègì÷X4
‘Õä O)ZDwÅ„~Z‚kûgU*"$™äÆa#Ũ4èE
GELZDwä¡ÒiªîEE
0f[~¨©iã™ÆZDwÆZÃg~ZkŶK0+„ÅìXZ,™xyäŒÛMȜìxîg6,ÃZ0+ZiHìXX_Ãf!„~ˆlHŠHŒÛMÈœZzgZsò„~ñ�Š¸XƒZDwÆaŠzu}¼ŠExz.y z{Æ´z{,Ì@z»gMæìZzg�Æ(‰™xyäZD1]~‡&ÿELŠg
ZŸ±K÷XZ,|Z]~цZÔZzgaZ£eZg÷áï÷XZ\kìāZyŠzâVâCÙ#èGELZDwä™,Ì3ð÷ZzgZyÅMgZÐ:Üs
X ßxV#÷É#Ũ4èE
GELZDwäZ¹ZK¾e$ÆaZEwHìZ„k°jg~äZDwÆ${ð
GOgèpŠ~âo/õ
EIHZzg${ðG
O§iâyÃ',}VÐâpfU*"$™äÆaŠzâVÃuÓ4è
EGEÅMgZÃw½My¯™7HìXцZÔ
LLgzòÔ$‹fõEIZzgZDwóó~˜÷:
LLpŠ~Æ�Å@*ª~™216,�ZÃg÷z{¢o/õEIHÐâpf
÷T»,tåāÐfZ]c*|z�ŠZq-LZ**ñ‚¦óìX¿ZkÅ¡]ìXZܹ¿Zzg�gZzg›zúÆaZkäZC)c*âÎZaZH@*āZkÈ�gZzgZkÆfg)ÐZkÈ
Zg»eƒYñXZk�Ã�V»ÂVZDwäZLzg3Z0+Zi~Zk§bÒy™Šc*ìā�»ÈõZ1ZgƒŠH
36 ìXóótZ½kÜ™ÆZ„k°jg~g¶§Zi÷āLLgZ¶Æìw~
LL¡¾æE
LZDwóó~цZÔ 46 ZDw»Ã›pŠ~/Óxz¾w¢o/õEIHÐâpfìXóó
ä–ìāLLZDwiâyÃâ:èz�ŠZzg‘4èGELpŠ~&ìXptiây‘zgzi
242
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
»iây7É!Zg»»**xìXtÛiâyz„ì&',}Vä(,}ZkZ½kÃZ„k°jg~ 56 Š@Z0+Zi~ZLÛ§]»Zëb¯c*Xóó
äZK@*G~ÜHìZzgZkÆÖˆaZ£eZg»t]ÜHìāLLiây66 Æ!*g}~ZDw»${ð
GOg/Óxz¾w',}VÐâpfìXóó
eZË\CåFZ#0ä6,zW·ÑpÆ*yLLZDw»${ðG
O§!*g~¬\óóÆZ½‚]ZzgZyÐZ~.™Š{}òÃF,]6,;c*ìXZy}ò»â°tìāªÄ-g\ÆŠzgZyZDwå"5¾æ HG
Y^ÔgzòÔ&4fõ EHIÔ',}VZzgzZgeÆi%æGLZW,
MñZzgZy@*W,Z]ÃZL&Ä~ùúVÅßg]~eJÑ�8091YÐ0291YJ-÷áùƒñXZkÆZDwic*Š{Ðic*Š{zZgeÆik,ZW,MD−‰8-ö
GOWā76 0‰Xóó (disciple) ZkÆ%h+z÷á¤/Š
�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~äZL*yLLZDwÐ0plxVóó~–ìāLLZDw»ð{]¡Òiªî EE
0pŠ~c*"pŠ~ð!¨¾æ EO"54fõE
GHIлgìXóó2
ZDwäLLZq-§s�g¬Ý…',}VлgìÑ]ÃbzZsx¯c*ìÔZq-Zzg*yLL÷~¦/Zglóó~�ÛZt 86 Šzu~§s',}VÃeZ{ÌCc*ìXóó
g¶§Zi÷āZDwƯx~λxÅq,÷Ôz{Š*½Å�'VÅYyzZZy÷ɹ¼ÂZDwä)›ZŠ[Ð0*c*ì'ZŠÒ]¬D~XÌ]c*
96 ÁÜ»m¿ÐìZ¹Zsxc*ËZzgè<ØÐ0™**tìXóó�l'M!*Š~䡾æ E
LZDwûgU*"$™äÆaLLöyi#óó»–gZ1XZy»ÒyìāLLÃã™r#äZq-gZ]Ã÷i÷ÅLLgzbóóÚ™7Y:ZDwù÷á²÷?öyi#ä–Ô~ZyÃMŠJ÷á²â}ƒVÔZka
āz{ŠzuzVÆìÑ]ÅF,)ã™D÷ZzgZyÅfZC7!*ÇZzh�lätÌ–ìāLLZDwä"54fõ E
GHIÆLLâ¯tZ²óóÃæs/Zsx 07 ìXóó
17 ™ÆL÷á�ó¯Šc*X
342
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ZDwÅ„~Z‚k6,Z‹ZŸ]»ŸîsZzg$43ðGEOqìX_3û LEèŒä7391Y~–åāLLZDw¡Òiªî EE
0pŠ~»!í N&åGOìZzgpŠ~ÅŠÃLi0+Ï»Ñó&ìXtZk»ZC,7ìÉZkЬF\VäZÏpŠ~ÅŠÅ
ˆ~uŠZgQ~äZk 27 ½Š~ìX¬Zk,»].h+F,+!í N&åGOìXóó!í�»ZÖgHāLLpŠ~ÅãCŠ“543ï MGEGOGÆ�Zzg¬Å7åEMÅ3ïGOG6,ìTÃZDwäZsò�ZzggzZc*]оe$àð'ZDwÔkáÔ',uÔ»gÑbz){Ц/g™¬Ô&4fõ EHIZzg',}VJ-V‰X‰${ð
GOgZ]ZDwäeZgÌyÔâg¾
ZzgšÐÌ»gaZzgZ¹ZLºm${ðG
OgZ]Æ‚‘~eJ%Å37 ÃÒÅXóóÕYwg¶§Zi÷:
LLMy~Šzg~ZDw$‹fõEIÆOñ',}Vŧsic*Š{âb¸X
',}VÆ¡Òiªî EE0iâyzkyÔ¡Òiªî EE
0Zk**]Zzgz].Z+MäZy6,÷ZZW,eZÑåX',}V$‹fõ
EIÆ£«~Á°àZzgic*Š{)àìZzgtðZzg�ÛZú¸xÆ'×Z`»�ÛtìX',}VÅz].Z+M6,4~ZDwÃgzq+MÃMðX¸z{£xì˜VÐz{$‹fõ
EIÐZ~.™Š{» ÛpŠ~c*Û,~',}VÆÛ,zz].Z+M
k0+ÎäÅÃÒ™D÷ZzgMyz‰ÜJ-ZÐZq-Šzu}~47 _.[™ä~»x[7ƒDXóó
Z„k°jg~ÆZ‹ZŸ]»ŸŠgZiìXZy~Ðic*Š{Zë8iïELfs÷:
LLñÑ**°wZ−+gzòÆ].z4ÔZg»ZzgGÆ${ðG
OgZ]ZyÅâ#îãZÅ;5é XWG]Ð�Šgƒñ÷XZ¹çÜ#aƧ»C
ZzgâZÅŒ43š5é EGGCZ°gÐrŠbÜ:o{Š4ìX¸„ZDw
442
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
',}VÔÑ[+âgÌÔ8-,ç EGEzZgez){Åp˜ì»Z‹Zs™**æ¹ExzçgsÆa_5Àö NE»!*)B¸XZkaZyÃc*]ÃgzòЙ[™ÆZ¹cz%”»Z¿ŠŒÛZgŠc*ìX
Z,Vä',}VÐ�g{mZ~.zZ.Š{HìXZkÅZq-zzÂtìā',}VÌZq-ß°ìZzgZk»Ã›Zg»ñ!zu]z�Š„Å$+àƒðßg]ìTÐZDwl!ââk
¸''ZDw»G',}VÅL�bøII
L§]óÅœZñ!*i‚ì''ZDw»Ã›pŠ~/Óxz¾w¢o/õ
EIHÐâpfì''iâyÆ!*g}~ZDw»${ð
GOg/Óxz¾w',}V
57 ÐâpfìXóóq²ZK"LLZDwøg}x÷á²óóƬ!*[~˜÷ā
(Creative Evolution) ZDwäZL$š¨ÿGOGLpŠ~Åú~',}VÆ!Zg»
»ÌZq-8~î Oñ�ŠìX Elan Vital ÆÃtÐZõ[çgsHXZk~¬ÐÌ‘Õä O)OW,ƒñāZk»,].1C„»u*ìX».$Æ
»Ì‘Õä O)6,{™ZW,ìX',}VÆ!Zg»»™Â‘Õä O)Å Pure Reason
÷á²~6,ZÒ”ÃM@*ì:t»Ñ]ZÌ**Óxì÷áh+&āMg„ìŠâŠxœZñÁ¢5½ðE
GyXZzg�ÛZ[+Å True self Z[pŠ~ÆÁÜF,0Ì6,g<XZy~ZgTÅ
Zzg"54fõ EGHI»Ã›]ÅMö÷XZ[g{ŠHZDw»ñðc*%›»ï» Super Ego
$š¨ÿGOGXtÌ9f!!¨¾æ EOzVÆZ°gлgì'»gÑb»‹z»${ð
GOgÔ
Ô"54fõ EGHI»¯tZ²Ô1»-Ï�'gZ`™×ÅF,šM»÷á‚g Eckerman Í,»
67 ZgXìXZyƒÃŠ™zZzgÝ7,ðZŠzÂz{%›»ï0ŠHXtZ‹ZŸ]**ò¤/Zò|Z]Æ÷XZDwÅZ‚k6,Z‹ZnŠzu}
542
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
Z3ÿXL¯äÌK÷X'×h+,)¢zg~ìXZ%oƒ¥xƒ@*ìāMy~gzÏrZ]4545é HGFG**kZzg±@¾ÆZ‹ZŸ]ÌÜ™ŠbYNX
~—÷ (Pakistan, A philosophy and sociology) éZ]4545é HGFG**kZKÂ[āLL‰>Æ4,Šq-ZDw»,"54fõ E
GHIÆ�Å»g0»8ìX',¤6Æ
77 6,zW',ZîyÆ_.ZDwä"54fõ EGHIÆ�Ãæ¹g8-Š}Šc*ìXóó
±@¾˜÷:LLZq-§sÂß5:c*ic*Š{ÀòsV~ZKÈ»ï»Zsò
)ZDwÃ(ZKY+$måZzgŠzu~Y+$"54fõ EGHI»¯tZ² ${ð
GOg${ðG
OgqÑètŠzâV${ðG
OgZ]Zq-Šzu}Åå¡÷XZDw »äZyŠzâVÑo™äÅ{à(,~t™eZàXZyÐt$tZkauiŠƒðāZsxƉUîVÆ÷}ZŠgZuÆ!*z�ŠZ,VäZLz‰ÜÆgZòÛZg»Ã(,~¤ÏÐ
ZC1XZÝ~Zq-ic*Š{zZãZzg‡&ÿELûR6,ZDwZq-Z,gDy»Z÷ágt�ÛZë™D÷�F].h+›y™zZßVÆŒVMì�OñLLZg»áóóÅ!VZzg**g‚ÇV»�Z[Š¶Æmg]pZ;:Z0+Zi~egzV÷áä8ïFLGƒ™ZÐ:ÜsJw™fe÷ÉZsòx]ÅÌZkÆ_.@*zs
87 ™D÷Xóó5
цZÔ»ÒyTäeZ˱†ZvZzgZ|[Z£Z»g~‰xZzg&Z„k°jg~ 97 ZDwÙÎVÃÔzzîg6,„4Ôß.~2™Šc*X
äÜ™ÆtŠúò™Šc*āÛpŠ~/Óxz¾w¢o/õEIHÐâpfìÔ*ZzgZt
~܃ZìXeZËÑä–ìā¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~Å@*ª~)LLZuZ§pŠ~óó
642
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Æ(™216,�ZÃg÷z{¢o/õEIHÐâpf÷XZy‚]ZÃgÃZ„k°jg~6,ÜHìXZÃgt÷: 471 äLLZDw»D¯xóó~™
CÙpò|¯ZuZ§pŠ~Z„ "5¾æ FGL�¯MU*§pŠ~Z„MDgZ¬ÅêLGZg™Š p$h4è GIGEgZaVpŠ~ËZg™Š)ZzaZ„ZiZm]Zz œ˜V7æ{Z0+gfZ‹Zzp$h4è GIGEgZ)pŠGZ“Z„ Šg˜V�Ë#Ö»“Z„@*‚ÛZh+ÉåEO‹�ggZ ‚iŠZipŠ"5¾æ FGLZ#ggZ@*ØŠMÇ{Zi.zñp÷ ò±håIZi¸‹!*izñp÷ëaÉZipVzç‘4èGEL§] pŠ�ÛR;ñZz‘4èGEL§]
Zq-„ñçq6,Šz™zZßV~Çc*Òx¹ƒ$Ëì@*ë2¤äÂí]Ф/m,HìXZDwäZyZÃg~pŠ~ÆsV6,
gzÝeZàì²Z(Šzu}¼Š£â]6,ÌHìXZDwÅZKÂí]Ã7Ãg3YñÂZDÑ]ŠzgƒYD÷ZzgZ,Šú}‡uID÷āLLt
ZÃg¢o/õEIHÐâpf÷óóc*LLZDw»Ã›pŠ~/Óxz¾w¢o/õ
EIHÐâpfìXóóZkÑë_·ìX (Iqbal and Western Philosophers) K~eZË2+k,ÅÂ[
ZÒ2u4èE
GELZDwäZDwÆ¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~Ã"54fõ E
GHIлgCc*ìXt§ŠÌ
Šh+ãìXeZË2+k,äZ,Óxf!\VÅ’k,zVС¾æ ELZDw»�ÛtzZãH
ìqZDw»â~.U*"$HY@*ìXqgz!*ÑZÃg~ЬÄƬ´ÅzŸs#ZDwäZy
ZÖp~Åì:LLCÙÚ~pŠ~ñ�ŠìXßÃáßXZ¤/?$zgƒÂ?ÐQVñ7Q`ÇXZk~ziyìZzg¸ZkÅpŠ~ìXŠg|#ûIÂÂ
gBb (Power of resistance) ÐÐÇX¾nCÙÚË:Ëg8-~¢ðGO‹'×ZØ08 ìZzg¸ZkÅpŠ~ìZzg¸ZkÅ�»o]ìāz{ìXóó
742
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
Ñtóó LLCÙpò|iZuZgèpŠ~Z„óóÅzŸs#L:p!*h+™ŠZ}ZZÄÆZk´ÐƒCì:
CÙpò|iZâZ§hZ„LLZuZ§pŠ~óóƬĻF,ÀìāLLi0+Ï»z�ŠpŠ~ÆMU*g~
ÐìÔÂ�¼Š8ìz{pŠ~„ÆZuZg~ÐìXóóªpŠ~»Ñ]ÅCÙÚ~ñ�ŠìXLLCÙpò|iZâZgèhZ„óóЪCÙìā»Ñ]ÅCÙÚ6,
ZvÅËÚc*Ì]»6,ÂìXt!í�uZuZsòìXŠzu}Ä»F,ÀtìāLLZ#pŠ~äZLM\ÃËZgHÂt¬ÅêLGZg
'ÆÚø~Š9ecTÅgzÐZv Òö³ßûköÒøßûˆ]÷ÚøíûËôn&^ MDgƒZXóóZÐä¹āLL~Zq-—�Z:åÔZ#~äe;ā=T**YñÂ~äŠ*ðÅóó'Š}Ä~LL)ZzaZ„ZiZm]Zzóó»|xZDwätÒyHì
»ƒ**¢zg~ìXZ#J-M\)ÃU*"$: (Non- ego) āLLS”Æa)S”™,ÔS”ÃU*"$7™MhXS”Ã
!gBúIE
™äÆaZÐZ#gС™**¢zg~ìZzgZkZqÐiÆaŠzu~Zâ»z�Š¢zg~ìXÆ£«~c*XÅñ�ŠÏ~f‚Ë{mÚÆz�Š»${ð
GOg™YìXZºnZ**Æa
a¸Ä~LL+AêGE
LË#ÖóóZzg0*v,~L¯]�gó 18 )Z**»z�Š¢zg~ìXóó»f™ìXLŠg˜V
+AêGE
LË#Ö»“Z„óÃÎgÒ•{ÅMe$63ÅgzÐ&óE‚ãŒYYìÔT~ZKyZzgZ+ÃZq-Šzu}»ŠÔŒÛZgŠc*ìXízÑÅ�g
28 Un{»gg;ìZiwÐ@*Z%zi&lZrÖ~åÐÑZ§1Å;-ö XEX ZiwÐYg~ì:ZyZÃg~Zq-*y–wцZÔtìāLL|èz�ŠZq-
Z**ñ[ìZzg¿ZkÅ¡]ìXóóÎg{ZáÅMc*]32Zzg42~t*yñ�ŠìXZyMc*]~ZvÅŠzu~Ì]Æ´z{tCc*ŠHìāz{yÔƒ6,¸Ôð»µ/¯äzZÑZzgZkÃ**Ç™äzZÑZzgZkÆ_.ßg]¤/~
842
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZyZÃgÅ$+zªZ„k°jg~äZDwâo/õEIHÆ&43ü
GGOE~ 38 ™äzZÑìXzu]Zß�Š~ŒÛZgŠc*ìXLLÒjè
IELgZ¯].h+óó~0*v,ÎZwÆ�Z[~�ZÃg÷Zy~ЉܙÆÌ°jg~äZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~ŒÛZgŠc*ìXZke~:ÜsZDw»ÀZgŠzÃgϯxÃZ0+ZiHì�ZKãZÐZŠe$6,izgŠêìÉZDwÆèÃg{�Z[ÆZyZÃgÐÌZân',@*ìXÐZKãZÐZŠe$ÅÂ}ƒCìX}ZDwë÷:pÍ*ZiðzZiÂlz@*(&
"Õ(X ]ôÞ$^Âø†ø•ûßø^ ±5å NEM
Å ]ôÞ$³³^Âø³³†ø•ûßø³^ ªLðóc*LpŠ~óZzgZkÅ@*[zÂZV»ÒyH™zVÔMe$ZÐ"Õ[™g„ìXtÎgÒZxZ[ÅMe$�27ìXZv»Zg÷áŠìLLëäZkZâ-$ÃM�âVZzgi}ZzgNhzVÆ‚t7HÂz{ZÐQVäÆa»g:ƒñZzgZkÐeg‰Ô1ZKyäZÐQV1XóóZ[Zâ-$Ð�|xÌ%ZŠBZKãZÐZŠe$»Zm]ƒ@*ìXZ1ZÑdñŠzŠ~Æ4,Šq-Zâ-$Ð%ZŠÜÄ)*"$èZÅ:ö XW(ì�ŒÛMyˆÅgzÐZKyÃi}~«Åˆ
48 ìXt»Ñ]~—F,+Ç{ìZzgZ(g»ZJyÌìXóóZDw»${ð
GO§pŠ~¢o/õ
EIHÐâpfZka7ìāŠzâV»${ðG
O§}.ZZìXZDw»${ð
GOg}.ZZsx6,FFì²¢o/õ
EIH|áÆ—}.ZÃ7â}X°jg~»t!í�Šg„ìā¢o/õ
EIHzu]Zß�Š~ìptŠúòßìā‘Õä O)ZDwÌzu]Zß�Š~÷XZDwä}.ZÆaLpŠ~ÇóÅZ˜b
ÌZEwÅìX°jg~äZkZ˜bÆZEwÃzu]Zß�Š6,úwHìXtŠ?$zgìÔZkaāT§b‡ŠgǃäÆ!*z�ŠpŠZvä
ïÅgzÐ æøÞø³Ëø³íû³köÊônû³³äôÚôàû…$æuôo ZKyÊg]zZ(gÐâZiZìZϧbZKy™r#è,�ìX¢o/õ
EIH»izgpŠ~Ç„6,ìZzgZkpŠ~ÇÐ%ZŠŠ´}.Z7ìX‘Õä O)ZDwpŠ~ÇÐ}.Z%ZŠfe÷ZzgZyÆ4,Šq-
942
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ZKã,ÆZPx»Z®g}.ZðÌ]Ã_.[™ä6,ìX6,zW$¹ÒjèE
EÆÆjZáÐ iø³íø×$Ïöç]ûeôøìû¡øÑô]Ö×#ä **xZLzŸ‚â^~ZDwäZC!í�
ÒyHìX˜÷āLLZLZ0+g}.ZðÌ]aZ™zXZKy»ŠZzgZâ30Y@*7391Y~�Zñ‰ 58 ìZ#z{ƒÐic*Š{»Š“WÅÃÒ™@*ìXóó
~LLZÝÂĬÝZipŠ~Z„óóÅzŸs# (An Exposition of the Self) â^ZDw» 68 èÃg{!*ÑÎgÒ÷Mc*]32Zzg42ZzgŠzu}ŒÛMãjZßVÐÅìX
izgZKãpŠ~ÆZPx6,ìXZvÅ�)pŠ~Ç(Zk»ãCŠ~jZ!ìÔOçLZuZ§pŠ~óƬ!*[»ÄZyì:ŠgÒyZ†ZuÿLÂĬÝZipŠ~Z„z$hÒhÿG
L§‹ë‹z�Š',ZPÄpŠ~Z®gŠZgŠXóóZkÄZy~LpŠ~ó»ÂŠz%ûZEwƒZìX«%ûpŠ~»Â}.ZðZzgŠzu~%ûZKãpŠ~ÆsV~ìXZKy}.ZðÌ]_.[™Æ**T$èhÆ£x6,Ã,ƒ@*ìXt${ð
GOg:
¢o/õEIH»ì:"54fõ E
GHI»ìZzg:ËZzgf!…»XZ„k°jg~DZzg=Æ‘Ðê M
qÝ� ',ŠZg÷pZ,D»HÃZ+{�›ëÆo°ƒZzgZ+yŠZ�Ûzi~»H—}.Z ›ëÐgz¤/ŠZã™CƒXZDwzu]Zß�Š~7÷Zzgi0+{z‡Š§Ç
Ƈb÷ÔZkaZy»${ðG
O§pŠ~¢o/õEIHÐâpf7ìÔp°jg~˜÷:
LLgZ¶Æìw~ZDw»Ã›pŠ~/Óxz¾w¢o/õEIHÐâpf
ìXëLZDw»${ðG
O§fZ‹!*g~óZzgLZDwZzgÛzu]Zß�Šó~!©}ÿEOc™`÷āZDw»${ð
GO§fZ‹!*g~uc*ãì�Zsx
Æ—ZzgâzgZð${ðG
OgÆo°ìXZDw¢o/õEIHÆ&43ü
GGOE~pŠ~78 ÇƇb÷Xóó
ZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~ŒÛZgŠbZy6,ZäxìXZŒ!*[~Zk6,!©}ÿEO
gzÝeZàˆìZzgZDw×zâzgZð}.Z»”GŒÛZgŠbd$+Šc*„ìXZkK~ƒQ~LL${ð
GO§}.ZóóÆi%æGLÄZycÅìX
052
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
6Z„k°jg~˜÷āLLZDw»Ã›iây',}VÐâpfìX
…÷ág±Ð%ZŠÑ†ZÔ 88 ZyÆ…÷ág±Zk!*]Ãt™D÷XóóZzgaZ£eZg÷XÆÒ**]úŠg`ƒñ÷X°jg~äeZg»Zq-]
ÜHìªLLiâyÆ!*g}~ZDw»${ðG
Og/Óxz¾w',}VÐâpfìXóóT„g]~t]zZµìz{øDfsì:
LL"ÑgZ,}òÌ�',}VäqÝK¡¾æE
LgzòÐXRZzg„¸zz¶āZDwÔ',}VZzggzòÐic*Š{4,Šq-ƒ‰X',}VÔgzòZzgZDwÐV|ÃwÅZzg!Ñg™D
Ô�ÛttåāgzòZzgZDwÆ4,Šq-t|gzqã¶p',}Vf[ÅgzZc*]Æ;ðV6gƒ™Zkn»P]qZ:ŠxQVDƒñ&åXiâyÆ!*g}~ZDw»${ð
GOg/Óxz¾w
',}V„ÐâpfìZzgZ(gÆZ6,tÐVÆÐVëâZ98 ÷Xóó
eZg»i%æGLÃ]ZL„(¾¯x~ZbìXZ#gzòZzgZDwÆ4,Šq-Ô',}VÆ',ÜsÔ|gzqãì2gzòÔ',}VZzgZDwÐV
|ÃwÅZzg!Ñg™D÷ÂLLiâyÆ!*g}~ZDw»${ðG
Og/Óxz¾w',}V„ÐâpfóóYðƒYìXZDwZÍiZL${ð
GO§iây6,ZÒŠ»‚tJ-7
X ÆäMS[SÆä‡Rv 7,äŠï:yŠƒðìiâyzkVÅi&éEOg~&:ìiâVÔ:kV!U*3ZDw»${ð
GO§iây¸îìXte$LLZ߉Üæ¢óóÐÌzZãìXZâx÷áw
09 ÆZkká6,ÌÂgZv9ZHŠHZzgZDwÆ‚BZy»Z#sÌHŠHXцZÔÆZ‹ZnÆK~~**BMiZŠä–ìāLLÑ™r#ÆkÒyÐZïg7āZDw',}V»(,Z$åOZbåZzgZk�ÐZDwä;Ì Z
152
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
qÝHpZy»tIāZDw»Ã›iây',}VÆÛiây»l/ìïZ|[Z£Z»g~˜÷āLLZq-**xC|Å 19 ÅãK6,7gZ7QF,@*Xóó
wÐz‰Ü»6${ðG
Og…ZDwÉ9›y!¨¾æ EO+Æ;VMìÔeZË‚]ŒZâg�Æ(÷Xz{˜÷: 29 z(Zzg}Ã7M@*Xóó
LLŠzâVÆ4,Šq-fZ‹ÑZq-ÚZz[ZzgøM$ā.ç GEGOÅ
qïì:4o-ê XGZ¤/ò¦Ëx¤/%æEMËx&4o-ê
EGGXpZk£x6,V™ZDw',}V
»‚BghŠï÷ZzgpŠMÐ(,|YD÷'ÚZz[¢zgfZ‹Ñ»MsŠZgìpZÝ°ŠHì?',}VÆ4,Šq-ZyÓx$ā.ç
GEGOZ]ÔzZgŠZ]ZzgZjZw»Ñ7Ôëiz§i0+Ï
Æ�Ô−Ygì÷1¹VYgì÷ÔtÃð7ÈYXZDwZkÎZw6,gz„™D÷ÔŒVJ-Âz{',}VÆëìw
Ô}LL\xætóó~ë÷:i0+ÏgCÙzZVŠgK-z@*iZ„z'‡Sñ`gZYŠ{z2w—Z„
p',}VZÏ£x6,IY@*ìZzgMÐ(,"Å¢zg]Ck7™@*XZk»ìwìāMiZŠ„Ñ'Zkz‰Ü!*¹g{$ËìÔZ#fZ‹ÑÆaÃð2wZzg°Š³:ƒÔpZDw»ìwìā°Š»ƒ**¢zg~ì1t°Š{gY:ƒXZ¤/{gYƒÇÂfZ‹ÑÑ$ā.ç GE
GOÔMiZŠZzgpŠUg:gìÏXZkaZyÆ4,Šq-t°Š°‘fZ]Ñ„Ð0ìXZy»ìwìāfZ‹ÑÚ$ā.ç
GEGOZzgZz[ZjZwÆfg)LpŠ~óÅ6,zglZzg
Š~zsì:Xtì!©}å GL¤/Š¶gziÇg&ā¾~pŠ~�39 ?ƒMDgXóó
252
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
aZ£eZgÌætƼxÃâ…÷˜÷āLLZDwÃ',}VÅT!*]äZC�ÛvHÔz{t¶ā',}VÅgÅic*Š{÷~¥V»6,izgqòåÔŠzu}/V~-V¹YYìāz{§‹ZKãÆgzqãUZzgz].ZyÆZk»x»(,Z‡bå�wÅŠ"Ãcnz�Š~Ñ@*ìXŠgZÝtæt„ÅœZñ!*i‚¶�
49 f[Æ»�ÛŠw~y™g„¶Xóó7
Z„k°jg~äZDwÆ${ðG
OgèGÃ',}VÅ�bøII
L§]Å!*i‚ZyÆ4,Šq-LLZDwÆ;V=zz].Zy»».ÞÁz÷ZÏßg]~ 59 Cc*ìX
2LLZDwä',}VÆ&43üGGOE~ 69 ñ�Šì�',}VÆZ°g»â/ZÑqÐiìXóó
Zsò„~${ðG
O§Gœ-VÐñ�ŠìZzg 79 =zyŠÅYOÃÅìXóóZk»â~.ŒÛMÈœìXŒÛMyäZvДh+›ÃÈÒñð»z�Cc*ìXZDwÆ%”gzòÌGÆD',ŠZg÷XZy»¹�°jg~äZkŠú}Ð
89 HìāLLZg»Å§bñÑ**gzx»${ðG
O§GÌuZuâZ#îãìXóóZDwÆ${ð
GO§G»™sZzg¦J|xtìā›yZL·Z7
Дh+›™@*ìXt·Z7ZvìXZvЛzgZvÅÂ[2gÎwåЛÑixFzxìXGZ+¸]ì�CÙ-Ã!*Ñ™$ËìX·Z7Л¿Æa¢ðGO‹&?çOāìXt]ÃÓ¤/ZV2ƒÒgê LLLiâyzkyÂh™MÐ
001 �ÛŠZzg$Òï OGÆZPx»gZi¢ðGO‹G~āìX 99 (,fìX°jg~',}VZzgZDwŠzâVÃyŠŠÔŒÛZgŠï÷XZDwÃyŠŠÔIè$ìXZyÆ4,Šq-=zGÅMöl4+}òÅŸðìXZÏ
°jg~äZDw6,yŠŠ#»Z²Zx 101 a¹ìāLLGgZ!*¯k,ÅMöŠ{Xóó]åIOzæЬZ+HìX¼ŠŠzu}™zZáÌZyÆëâZ÷ÔOçLLHZDw
ìX yŠŠÔZzg#³D÷?óóÆi%æGLÄZyZkZ‹Zn»Y,{Zµ!*[~1ŠH
352
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
=zyŠÅÃZsòŠ*~%æFNZã!*]ìXZDwäÔZLó£á~ÔÒÆÜsZ÷á²{ÆgáLO¿6,,ÐgzÝeZàìZzg–ìā›fÆf~V6,Ò»�g−)¤g~åZÐçZàä»ïîg6,iZb™Šc*Zzg
°jg~äZDw(ËÅ 201 Zk§bÒ(Ë~Z¹‘x6,¼xqÝìXÃÒZ·ZÅ£œÆ�ÅìXZkÐsÃæt~Zq-ºmf‚Z(ìT6,f[»�Rzdg−)¤g~ìXz{ZKdgzZe$Ã"3�ç EEEL›g]Š8ìc*ZÐÃZ0+Zi™ŠêìXeZË·™Štä–ìāZDwÆÃuzW,gzb
»uZr-g8Z§ñExÅi',Š„’q-~Îc*YYì (dynamic attitude)
@*ëZyÆ�ä�{mZ(gÅZkŶK0+„',}VÆ!Zg»Zzg"54fõ EGHIÅ
eZË·™Št¼ZzgúYDZzg’q-Z§ñEx» 301 ’k,zV~ÅY$ËìXuZrÌÎDÂ$§;-ê
GEXGLZDw»h4îg6,ZŠZƒ@*XtZq-@*g]|ìā-g8401 Z§ñExÅãCŠ›âVÆdZÁÃ]zxZ]6,g¿ˆX
цZÔä–ìāLLZPxpŠ~ÔJÃÙZzgJI~»,$‹fõEI
»ìXóó"—ìpZsxÆo°7ìXZsxŽ̸ìZzg"54fõ EGHI6,~ æøqø³^âô³‚öæû]Êô³o]Ö³×#³äôuøÐ$qôãø^�ôå ZмxqÝìXŒÛMÈœÆZk¬
JÃÙŽìXZk¬ÅzŸs#™DƒñZ1ZÑdñŠzŠ~ä–ìāLL˜ŠÐ%ZŠ¡yw)kB(7ìÉtÂ].z4Zzg“ZzgZ•ð[zÃÒ
"54fõE
GHIZzgZDwÅ4ƒÆˆeZËÑÅ 501 ÆsV~ZEwƒ@*ìXóó
gZñ$+w¶XZy»tÒyÑëÂzì:LLZuZ§pŠ~~‰Z°gZzg‰VB$‹fõ
EIÐâpf÷pŠzu}ÒpÐZDwZzg$‹fõ
EI~ZÅ.lçI¢4èGMGEìXŠzâV~Z°g
ÆZq-UŪCÙ~o9LìXtuu~ZzgªCÙ~o9Lµg7ÕäO`Zzg�Ûúy~Ì0*ðYCìXµgäÌZ**/¹Zzg
452
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
�ÛúyäÌZ**/¹XpŠzâV»Z**ÌZµåZzgŠzâV»h»${ðG
OgÌZµXz,ÂñÑ**gzxZzg$‹fõEIÆZ°g~̪CÙ~
˜tï$ËìXñÑ**ÌMgizq÷āñ�Š{ZKyZKñ�Š{âœ{I~Zzg³Z+MÐZz6,QJYñZzg5‘t0YñXñÑ**ÅZq-îsçw~ÐZDwä&ZÃgZk${ð
GOgÆÉ™
ÆZyÚ~»Ã+B0î GGZ2[¯c*ìXZÖp»ªCÙZ(ìā$‹fõEIÌ
ù7ŸuQÞZzgì4ā~̸eLƒV'ZDwÃ$‹fõEI~t!*]I¶āZkNÁÜZKyÅpŠ~âo™**
p$‹fõEIÆ;VpŠ~»${ð
GOg„özŠZzg·åX$‹fõ
EI¸] ecXZkaeLìāZq-ZdF,⻳Zyz�Š~MnXgzòZzgZDw¢ðGO‹hZkaeT÷āZKyÅpŠ~¢oƒDƒñ
601 ŒVJ-VYñāZk~ZÅ:ö XWÌ]Å÷áyóÑXóó±@¾ÅtgZñāZKÈ»ï»Zsò${ð
GOgZzg"54fõ E
GHI»¯tZ²»
${ðG
OgZq-Šzu}Åå¡÷ZzgZDwäŠzâVÃ5äÅ{à(,~t™eZàÔŒÛ+Z»s7ìXZKÈ»ïÆZsò${ð
GOgZzg"54fõ E
GHIÆtZ²~JÃÙ
Zzg]z°wÆÁÜœu÷XZkaLLå¡óóIŠg„:ƒÇX¸ÁÜZDwZzg"54fõ E
GHI~œu÷XZkÐMÐáÂZDw»${ð
GOgãCŠ~îg6,
ZsòZzg"54fõ EGHI»)ZsòìXŠzâVÑo™ä»Z²Zx"ãCŠìZzg¡Ã7ÅœZñ!*i‚ìX"54fõ E
GHIZKâVÃM‡îVZzgÝñV~„™@*ìXÝñVÆ
aZ¤®)Ô',Š!*g~Zzg¼ÅZܹÌ]÷²M‡îVÆZÜtÔ°àZzgpZ4ø XI
LZMZgÆMsŠZg÷XZDwZKã)zZ]Æ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷ZzgZy»Ô%››yÔZv¬\Å°àz)àÌ]»1ìX"54fõ E
GHI»¯tZ²ÜsZd6»�ÛŠƒ@*
ì²ZDwÆ4,Šq-t%û¬xMŠòÌqÝ™YìXLL›/ge$óóÆ
552
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ÄZyÐ7191Y~‘Õä O)ZDw»¿‚•g{÷áùƒZåXZk~ZDwÆZsò$©�î EG
0ÃÅzŸs#ƒðìXZDw˜÷:LL-g\Å/ge$TÆu6,Z·ZÅØgl»È]ÎZgìÔŠgZÝ-gà΂ÌÅZOŠ~Z&b)Q¸g(Å$+zªaZƒðX"54hé EGHIaè/gÅÓ#ÖÃI7™@*ZzgúZxZÜkÐÃðµ7g‚rÔZkaz{6gUZd�d$z')å GOyÃ…3ªî EG0Z%ZÅ
6,«™@*ìXpÎZwtìāH¬ãZÜkF,¹ÅÇ ›zú7gnp?Zsò/ge$Ô-gà/ge$ŧb &¢A
ZOŠ~ñZµÅzÝÐaZ7ƒðXz{ÂZq-gzqãZßwì�Zk|6,FFìāCÙ¿~F,¹™äÆñZµÅàñYNZzgZsxZ(è<Øì�ZKyÅ—¸ÂVÃ',zñ»gÑYìXOçZsxä¬ãZÜkZzgZŠÌ6ÆßÍV~Ð4+™ŠZgZzg1‰ÜÆZ�ÛZŠaZK÷X:špsF,Šh+¹YYìāZ’ZðZsxÅ/ge$~"54hé EGHIÆ�ņd$»»°
701 ‚âyñ�ŠìXóóTrue self q²»t!í�āZDw»${ð
GO§pŠ~ÜsZq-Mö{ì:ZgTÅ
Zzg"54fõ EGHIÆÛ]»Ôq-gqÎa»1ìXÎZwt Super Ego Zzg�ÛZ[+Å
ìāœZ‰Üz]ÅÌ]HZvÅÌ]7÷?Zy»tìwZq-Û"ÐÁ7āZDw»ñðc*%Š»ï»™³/ì»gÑbÆ‹zÔÍ,ÆZn}Ô
"54fõE
GHIÆtZ²Zzg1ÆZgX»Xq²!©lç E
LŒÛMy÷pZyÅó{Zy9zVz{ZyZ»',ô/ñÃÌ 801 ŧs7ˆXÆjZßVЯÄZDw'×+ìX
Zsò@*gõ 901 ÃZ0+Zi™D÷X»@*È{™ŠZgZDwÅóƒVÃgz×™@*ìXƒ 011 ÆZ»',ÌZ¹Š3ð7ŠïX»f™¯ÄZDw~{]ƒZìX
652
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÐZë!*]tìāZDwÆ4,Šq-ZKÈ»ï»ÇZzg—F,+%:»[Ì‹ZÅ:ö XW»6,Â)ŠZ]Ôm@*]Zzg³Z**]X 111 g‚ª$ó[åÅ,¶X
ÜsZKyÆ!*g}~ æøÞø³Ëø³îøÊônäôÚôàû…%æûuôä 6,ìXZKy6,ƒÐic*Š{ìXZKâV~ÐÌ‹ZÅ:ö XW»6,ÂÔƒÐic*Š{Ô»ƒg‚ª$ó[å 211 ¹ŠHìX
Å,6,ì;Zka7g~$hÿE
LZKãÆaZv¬\äZ¹%:ŒÛZgŠc*ìXq²Z0+6;ñŠzgŠgZiZzgK;ñ"ãCŠ»Dgƒñ÷X¦SZzg¿!*]tìā4+Ì]ZvÅ÷X»ƒÐic*Š{6,—gåÅfZ]6,7,ZìXZDw»ƒÐŒÛRm}.ZÔŒÛMyZzg·åÐìX—gågØZÉÒ›Ó4è WGE÷X
ZyÅZK+MâZiÔZz[M�Û+ZzgMÃt�,Æ£«~Ë!w‹zZzgË**x.ŠtZ²Åw„HìXZgX»ZDw**xJ-7fe²·åÅiâyzky6,”,ZDwÆŠwzŠâr6,YðƒðìXZDwäZKÈ»ï
ZDw%›¢÷ZzgZy 311 ÆZz™sZvÅÌ]ÆjZáÐÒyK÷X»¢uè¾wÃg@*ì:''÷ZéÌÂ{uéÌÂ''Zvƈ»[g‚ª$ó[廣xz%ûÔZDwÆ4,Šq-ԃЗìZzgpŠ~ÆZk**]ÅuZ4ÆjZáÐÒyƒðìX|Y+ÅÎZzg({�ñ�ŠƒÂZk7g}ZŃÆatg!*¦ãÅwgBbì:
pŠ~Å7ÒðEMÂV~ºc*ð pŠ~Å7Òð EMÂV~!{‹¨éEðå
411 pŠ~ÅiŠ~ì‚g~}.Zð i}zM�yz™Ïz²l',F,ZKy»${ð
GO§iâUŠ*Ðñ�ŠìXeZËq?gZàg~äZkñçq
Z,V 6,»xHìXZyÆó£á»ÄZyì:LL${ðG
OgèÆZzgZDw»%›ñðXóóäVàZKyÆ-**ã${ð
GOgÔZg»ñZKãÆyz*ã${ð
GOgZzg-g8$hò EI>U*6
Æ‹zðÂZ**ðI~Æ${ðG
OgÅzŸs#¬&Z1Z[~ÅìXZ#îyƪ¿ìTä-**EVÃZKãÑÆ${ð
GOg (Homer) Zss~Ѓ%
752
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ÐgzÙk™Zc*XZk»${ðG
OgÆtìāMiZŠ~Zzg°ZKy»aZ›hìX¢45é EGI¨g_Æ4,Šq-4+ZKyz{ì�ÂZiyzÚƒÃ',ŒÛZggÇXcZo»LL7¼-êGLpŠMÇ{óóœZ‰ÜÃgzbÅ÷ZÇV~Z@*g**eLìXZ#îy»LLœxZVóó
»${ðG
Ogtìāgc*„Å!*vezgŠzªqzVÆOñ (Philosopher Ruler)
(Magnanimous Man) ƒ'zVÆ;B~ƒãecXZgTLL�ÛZ}.wZKyóóÅ!*]™@*ìXZk»${ð
GOgÆÔZ#îyŧbÔgzq+MÐic*Š{ëM}7ìX
"C{]z&¢A» (Omnipotent legislator) ’zà»Ug!¨4èGEOE
qïìX’zà–w;'Aîg6,ZL‹zÃ"g·Ô“zpyÔkg~Zzg6,izgŠê (general will) Šzu~nÅ$+ÄZEVŽŠêìX¥z^ð MpZé¬)
ìZzgZ�ÛZŠÅ(,fƒðZ**+MÃ*ìX¬»LL@*g]ZKyóóZ$+~D+ÛzV»‡bìÔZ�ÛZozyФ/m,ZVìZzg‚g~¸]z&¢AçÑ}ÅZ½¦‹Š6,
(Dialectical Process) ™@*ìXZ¡ZŠÅ“ZzgZg»Æ¿Ã¬].1C¿ yaHìX
LL%ŠèMóó»${ðG
Og7™@*ìX (Juleus Chaix Ruy) �:85½ø FGgzð',**ge÷á{»LL_Ëy8ðENMyóóZq-Zz!*lÔ¼»Zzg**i♊ZgìX"54fõ E
GHI»LL¯tZ²óó
(Will to Power) ‡CÙZ:u“»Zq-ur5éGOŠìXz{h6,4ÅOñ³xÉÒ©ðG>»‡bìXZk]Ã',zñ»gÑ™gzZîŠgzVÃ$+w™gÄŠbeLìZzg}.Z»”GìXÍ,»™ŠZgÃî†Zq-Š¬Ýì²Z+Ãî†ÆŠZð~Š*Å‚g~gdVZzgÓxM‚½ŠêìX"54fõ E
GHIÍ,ÐOW,ìpZk»
LL¯tZ²óóic*Š{˜7-Ô"ZßwZzgJìX»gÑb»LL‹zóó!*Š÷áƒVÅ,»MsŠZgìXŠ2zm»LL}.ZúZKyóó7æ{îg6,}.Z»!*©ìX
!*[ q?gZàg~äŠ}!*[~ZKyÆyz*ã${ðG
OgZzga¸ñð» ~ZsxÆ${ð
GO§ZKyÅ,7ÅìX0*v,!*[~ZDwÆ%›
852
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
-_·ìZzgz!*[~${ðG
OgZ]èÆ»»©_·7HŠHìXZyŠzZ1Z[~ZDwÆ%›ñð»â~.ÔzZãƒY@*ìXLLZDwÆ¡Òiªî EE
0pŠ~óóZzgLL¡¾æ
ELZDwÆuóó‰ó£ßVÆ£«~q?gZàg~»‘ÎÔZzgZyÅï‡&ÿELŠgìX¬]ÆaÂZÝÂ[Šø[ec@*ëq?gZàg~ä${ð
GOgèÆ»�»©_·7HìZkƉ{ŒV7
KYD÷XeZËq?˜÷:LLZ[J-%›MiZŠÔ7¼-êGLpŠMÇ{Ô�ÛZ}.wZKyÔœxZyÔUgÏZzg@*g]ZKy»�Y,{1ŠHZkÐt!*]gzigz×ŧbúc*VìāZyÓx·ZÅ›4-öGEZKâV~ÐËÆ0*k:ÂÃð
»${ðG
Og k‡âȧ]ñ�ŠìZzg:„ZyÆŒV£§ízÑzZãìXƒÆƒ=ÅË™Š{gZ{(āð ENw(£Ò3ð ENGOV~÷Zzg
11 5 ZK+MƲz`»ÃðkÑÇ¿7™äЇÜ÷Xóó‹zðÂZ**ðc*¸]I~ÆŠzgƯtZ²~${ð
GOgZ]ÆK~
q?gZàg~ä–ìāLLÓÆwáŠ6,MYäƈZ#Š*ä‹zðÂZ**ðÆ${ð
GOg»i(Š¬Â°i{',Z0+ZxƒZzgZLgzâãpZ1V»˜7-Ô
i0+{(ŠN™ÛÔZŠ!*ZzgÄZa7-‰ZzgZ,VäZkƈÐLL¯tZ²óóZDwÆLL%›ñðóóZzgtZ² 611 Æ${ð
GOgÆ@*ŠRZzg;CUîV6,izgŠc*XóóÆŠzu}${ð
GOgZ]Æ�Ût»‹t™DƒñeZËq?gZàg~˜÷:
LLZDw»%›ñð:Â-**yÆVàZKyŧb¡=Zzg(Ïù]_Ëy8ðENMy 6,½z‚™@*ìZzg:$hò EIèLU*6Æc.ç NF}ZzgIÆ
ŧb}.Z»!*©ìXz{c.ç NF}Ðic*Š{ÂZ**ìÔ¢oF,ìpZK"C{ÂVÃM&4è
JGELhc*ŒÛMã¸Z2»0*ȯŠêìX
z{ŠgzVÃ�Šw™ÆZq-5Š*Æa*MŠxaZ™**eLì
952
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ÅØ@²-öEM (values) pZkfs~z{§]ÅQyÓxŠgzV™@*ì�ZK+MƲz`zZg»ÅgZƒV~qb÷X™ÔŠgzVÐZÐ\gìXz{Zq-£gízÑg‚rì�Zk»ZC»g™Š{7ÔŒÛMãŠ2§§]t™heÆËÆîg6,qÝì'
$‹fõEI»c.ç NF}»gÑb»‹zÔŠ2zm»LL}.ZúZKyóóÍ,»Ãî†ZzgZk¼ÆÓxŠzu}Z�ÛZŠZK%èÃlx¤/ŠZ…÷ÔSî!5½5é GGzà»UgÏZzg»gÑbÆ‹zÂZKƒk»Dg÷XZyÆ0*kÃðÑÇ¿7'Zy~ÐÃð„6,„ìÔÃð$ðGM6ê XO6,„Zzg"$6,„ÔÃð=6,4»DgìÂÃð¤‰Ü6,4»Dgp%›ñð¡}.Z6,„ìZzgZkÅ}.Z6,4ZÐÓx6VÐ�]ŠÑCì'
%›ñð¡}.ZñzZu»**T$ìZzgZkƯñƒñ‡âyZzgMMÃZkŠ*~ZkÆCñƒñ§hVÆ_.**Ç™@*ìpZkÐZkÅpŠ~Zzg,êzbƒäÆOñZzgic*Š{LZzg0*GZgƒYCìYètƒ¼z{˃Æ�7™@*ÉZÐ}.ZZzg}.ZÆgÎwåÐGìZzgZKgzqã—-VÆ£x6,z{ZsxÊ#èGEL¡]0*@*ìÔ�¼ZkÆŠw~ìz„ZkÂ[~èÃgìZzg�¼ZK+MÆaÆìz{Óx!*'ZkÂ[~÷ZzgÂ[~�¼ìZÐ
711 gÎÁ²!åäiY)z™Š3Šc*ìXóó8
qgz!*Ñ¥%]ÐZyZ‹ZŸ]ÅF,Šh+ƒYCì�”zæZzgÂZF,БÕä O)ZDwÅ„~Z‚kÆK~K‰÷XZyZ‹ZŸ]Ŧz
062
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Zk§b¬ā¡¾æ ELZDw»â~.f[~ˆl™**�0ŠHX#Ũ4è
EGELZDwÆ
´z{qxÈZDwÌZk�»DgƒñXOçZkñçq6,Z̼™Å¢zg]ìX
ZËtZ{yg¶§Zi÷āÓx(ÏZzg‘:${ðG
OgZ]z£œÔù]zMgZÔZsòZ�ŠÔrÔf[6,JNì8-ö
GOWāpŠ~ÆK~ÌZDwZzg¥7¸Xµ!îE0›gc*„ÆK~ÌZyÆ**ñgZzgŸi7
811 ¦zñ�Š¸XpŠ~»${ð
GOg%æFNZ**ìp6ZDw»ìz(ËZzg»7ìXZDw»
${ðG
O§pŠ~Ô}.Z6,«ìX›gc*„Æ${ðG
Og»˜VJ-m켊|Z]ZDw»gZkÐbz~c*´îg6,{™D÷XZk»-Y,{ƒXgx~1ŠHìXXsV~ZËtZ{yäZDwÆZzg¥!¨¾æ EOƒä»ZïgHìZysV~f!!¨¾æ EO+~ÐÌÃðZzg¥7ìXŠgZÝÞZY5n
ZvìZ¤/pZ‹Zn™äzZßVäzkÆZzg¥ƒä6,ÌZ‹ZnK÷XZDwzWZÖZzgzWZ‹ZKy¸XZyÆ_·zZ.Š{»yZyætzf[ZzgâèzqwJ-zWåX@*ëZy»Ç„~â~.ŒÛMÈœìXZkZ±gÐÌZyÆZzg¥!¨¾æ EOƒä»ZïgHYYìp)~dZÁÃ]ÆÚø~ZuZ§Â[T§bZDwä¢K÷ÃðZzgZ(7™0*c*XZkK~
ZDwZ4sV~Zzg¥!¨¾æ EO 911 ¼Šfñ™ZxäZkÅÂ}ìX÷XLL${ð
GO§róóZkÅZq-VwìX�,œ~ÅZ’ZJ-ÔzmrÆ
${ðG
OgäÔŠ*½~º)1åX¼²āZDwÌZkÆZ§gìX‰85å EGOZzg�gfäZk${ð
GOgÃZsòCc*ZzgZоe$Š~XtZDw„¸2VäZÐ
gœ™Šc*Zzgr»Zsò${ðG
Og7HXZËtZ{y#Ũ4è
EGELZDw~÷áï÷p³m,Z£ZDwÆ(,}
162
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ŠgŠZy÷XZkK~Z,VäÌß.;ðìXLLZDwg--óó†g~7691Y~»òZ†ò»*yLLZDwZzg’q-0*Îyóó÷áùƒZXz{˜÷āLLZDwäŠzñV»${ð
GOggbVÐZ~.HìZzgZLÃbÅãCŠgbVÆ
Zkw6,g¿ìā'LLZKy:±Å{ÍZgZ™Yì:è<ØÅÔ:Šgc*îV»·îZkÅgZ{~qbƒYìXóóZkЬ³m,Z£ä–åāLLZDwäLL¸xóóÆ${ð
GOgÃgbVÐZ~.Hì'ZDwäZKcÅãCŠgbVÆZk
¸w6,g¿ì:ZKy:±»Ýx0Yì:è<Ø»Ô:Šgc*Æ·îÅ‚»Ô:NhzVÆÎVÆgc»XZKâV»Zq-¹(,Z¬÷Zzg¤/xŠwZ½qZq-
021 ZܹÅgÅð™@*ì&xë÷XóógbVÆ${ð
GO§xƉUZDwÆZsò${ð
GOgrÐt
gnp÷XZDwä8‹0î EE0Z¥/|)1191Y(~¹åāLLøg~r»ZÝZßw:
Z·Z¿i!*yì:Z·Z¿zíÔ:Z·Z¿Z¾ZnZOŠ~XóóŠzu}£â]6,Z·Z¿±ÅÔÌÅìXŒVJ-ZDwgbVÆ‚Bº÷pgbVÆ${ðG
Ogx~è<Ø»Š4Ì7ì²ZDwÆ4,Šq-›¸rÅzZuãCŠZsxìXZkbÅ‚zS@*74èGEL§]™Dgì÷X8‹0î E
E0Z[M!*Š~˜VgbV»¸wÜHìÔz;VZkÅF,Šh+ÌÅìXZDwä–ì:
LLŠ/tC@*ìāy~fZ]0*]Zzgè<ØÅZzuÂVäZKZKZÐZŠe$ÃZq-(,}®ÿ N~æ™äÅpZé»ZÖg7HXCÙ¤/z{ZLù¦z�ŠÃ',ŒÛZgppÆa"u"ŒÛZgìXgbVÆìwÆ_.Z,ZܹÅgÅð&Zq-x»â°ŒÛZgŠc*YYìZ+7»»Ÿ™Cì�yÆßv
121 ZŠZ™äÆa»g7÷XóóZDwÆLL${ð
GO§róóÅ,ƒXgx~ìX@*ëŒV
262
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
LL�Zƒ“{óó»Zq-qÜHY@*ì�ZDwÆ${ðG
Ogr»�CÙì:¸xè<ØÐìè<Ø�7?Ì7f[6,JNìÆ!*[~Ì#Ũ4è
EGELZDwÃMwZ£uzg‰
âCÙ#èGELZDwä)!�ÛZëHìXuzg˜÷āLLZkÜZg~~̉f[u±Å’q-ÆgáLO¿~f!�d$ 221 Æ…)}"54fõ E
GHI(1wgì÷Xóó
ZÞ,œ~„~š/~W»@s0¶XZºZ[M!*Š~ÅÔ�d$f[6,Ô9z°!ZyÅ÷á²~»úc*VUìXf[6,"54fõ E
GHIZzgZDwÅWZyÆZL
ZL!í�ÅMsŠZgìXZDwÅW9ZܹzgzqãiZz-VÐìT»@spŠ"54fõ E
GHIÌìXZDwÅWèf[~ZºZ[M!*Š~ÅÚic*Š{zÝZzg÷ZðìZzg',ÜsZºÆZDwf[ÆõÍÌÒy™D÷X
ÐZ£ä–ìāLLw•Zzg$ā.çGE
GOâœ}ÅÚì�¢]»%ìXâˆZÅŒ43š5é EGG]»mâœ{Ð7ÔâzgZñâœ{ÐìXZysV~z{Óx].h+��w•z$ā.ç
GEGO6,izgŠï÷ZzgZkÐâzgZËZ+|J-
í�"w•Zzg"$ā.ç GEGOìÔZKZÝ~âœ{6,„�÷Zzg¬îg6, 7
âZÅŒ43š5é EGG]ÐÃðm7gnpX}Zq-,',}V»ìTÐZDwÁZiÁZkЬ³m,Z£ä–åāLLZsò 321 w•6,4ÅuJ-¢zgOW,÷Xóó
421 ZßÁw•»Z¿ŠZDwäic*Š{F,',}VÆik,ZW,HìXóóZDwÆ4,Šq-LLZsx~Zßww•óóÐ%ZŠLLZsx~ZßwZ¿ŠóóìXtLZsòZßÁw•»Z¿ŠóóHƒZ?ZßÁZ¿ŠÃ',}VÆi%æGLZW,C**
ZÏgDy»zì�ZDwÆCÙ${ðG
OgÃf[~ˆl™@*ì²Z¿Š»Zßw"3™-.ç FGEELZsxåÆÇÐYg~ìX
»Ñ]óó ZDwZ#ë÷ā:LLCÙÚ)�ÛCÙqgZ„óóc*LLG,èìCÙf¨ÒÂZq-d|Òy™D÷XZ¤/t,',}V»ìÂz{ÑëdìXZDw
362
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
Z#ë÷āLL›${ðG
O§iâyZzgf!${ðG
O§iây~F/]÷XóóZzgLLZ#èEEL7Óå EMNzyÆ${ðG
O§iâyäÔ�Ú!w•»qïìÔøg}].h+¡Òiªî EE0@*gõÅãCŠ
iâyÆZÅ!ƒÆjZáÐ',}VÆ7gz Z#èEEL7Óå EMNzy g¿Xóó2LÒöØ$mçûÝõâöçøÊôoû�øªáôô ÂtÌd›ë÷ZzgZ¹Jw™**ecXZDw 521 ~Xóó
ÆÚø~tNÒy™D÷ā:LLCÙ9ìñðÅ5÷áy5MyóóXZkÐw•»7p$ā.ç
GEGO»ZÖg¢zgƒ@*ìXZv¬\»Zk»gÇ{è¬Ý~»g�Ûâð»
ZkäŒÛMÈœ~4z¿Å!*g!*gS 621 ÑpЄŸZzg!¿Yg~ìXÅìZzgÇZsòçÑ}ÆZ�ÛZŠ4z¿»(¸XZy»
!Š+÷ÃgG+M
7¶˜ŠåXÐZ£‰jãZzg§Š~${ðG
OsÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZgtNKÅÃÒ7™DZzgf[Æ‚B‚BZDwÃÌßIZD÷X${ð
GOsŠzn»ìXZq-
nìjãZzg§Š~${ðG
OsÅ�gG+M6,ȃCìZzgŠzu~n4z¿zZá${ð
GOsÅìTÅZ•˜ŠìXZDwZ¿ŠÅZÌQY¤/™D÷Ô4z¿ÅS™D÷Zzg˜ŠÆaMâœ{™D÷XtZñgZsò¶KèL0U*6ÆaÔ**¦/k,uJ-Ô¢zg~÷X
MwZ£uzgäLLZDwZzgZ+óóÆÄZyÐZq-ÃH:*y8391YZq-£x6,LLYzh+**)óóÅÄLL**Èî0Z+óó 721 ~‰Z»',Åñ�ŠÏ~‹c*åX
ÆZÃgܙƖìāLL**Èî0Z+~™sÍ,Æ-y»@MìXóóZϧbLL!*ÁƒsóóÅÄLLƒszZ+óóÅi',Š„dƈ˜÷āLLMy~ZÃg~Í,ZzgŒŠzâVÆìÑ]»@ñ�ŠìXóóMwZ£uzgäZDwÆ${ð
GO§Z+Æ$ó~.~Í,ZzgŒÃ÷áï™äÅZ’ZÅXZ•Zk
§bƒðāuEÆZq-ÇgÂ{8791Y~Ò4ä¹āLLZDwä¯tt"p]ëz‰ÜÒ4Æf‚~HåÔ 821 Z²»${ð
GOgŒÐ1ìXóó
ZkÅzŸs#:ƒð@*ëaèŒäZ+ÃLL�ÛŠzµË”{óó~‹z¯™7H
462
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ìZzgtZ²Ì‹zƒ@*ìÔZkaÒ4ÅÎa»Z0+Zi{HYYìXZDw¢ðGO‹w•z¿Åd™D÷pZ{z{Z+~YV:ƒXZ+
ÅZÏ]»ZÖgLLƒszZ+óóÆMy~ÄzV~4ð XNZìXZvƒÔZvƒëg�6,ZDwg\êLYn~ZŠZ™äÃF,ߊï÷XT§bLLZuZ§pŠ~óó~ZC
!Š+÷
ÃÒy™äÆapZzqƒZzgZ#îyÅÔZDwäè!ï OGÅÔqÑèZÝÑZyZ»',Åè#Ö™**7åÔZϧb¢ðGO‹w•z¿ÆÚø~ƒs6,Z+ůEÔ„CÙúc*Vìp¼Š£â]6,‘Õä O)ZDwäƒsÆjZáÐ
ÄLLƒszZ+óó~ÑZ+Ëz¯**7 821 i',Š„bÒyK÷XìXLL**Èî0Z+óóÆ�ZÃgZKâVÃÑxŠÑäÔ-ãZzgZ¤®)èZ+Ð�]ŠÑäZzgi0+{%Šh6,„“W6,Mâœ{™äÆa‘‰÷XtZÃgèZ<ØÆcz»gzVÆa@*ic*U‡]÷�Y…÷āZ+}.Z»!*©ì
pZkÅ�ÛâΊZg~™D÷XZ+}.ZЊgpZ„¦/Zgìā=MŠxÅÄäyZ[™Šc*ìXz{÷~L¬°zà7™@*Xz{ZKÑÐ"ìXz{Zk!*]Ð**MÙìāZk~ºc*ð»ÑZgñ�ŠìXz{÷Z$å MOè£.ÞáC„7XZkÅ-ãä÷~È—ÃÌ-™Šc*ìXZkÅ¡]{xZzg³x$zgìZzg÷~Zq-¢[Å@*[Ì7ÑYXZ}}.Zz0+èßZ[z**ßZ[!=¢F,wpec�™r#èÃX0*ãZzgèÅ¥/c*7ecXÉVÅ
!-āöNH
7ecXÉVÆaÂ÷ZZq-ÑZg»°ìÔQ=ZkŠgMvYVŠ~?÷~ŠgpZ„tìā£«Æa=Z(%›}.ZŠ}�÷ZZïg™}ó÷~¤/Šy%zh}X
031 TÆ‚t÷~w8ðEMÆ',Z',Ì:ƒZzg�=“ÅÉåEO]Š}nXZyZÃg~ZDwÅZsòù]7g~M[z@*[Æ‚Bā{¤/ìX
ZyZÃg~ZzgLLƒszZ+óóÆMy~ZÃg~ŒZzgÍ,ÆZW,Z]ŶK0+„O4pZë!*]z{�xì�ZDwŠ}gì÷Zzg�ZyÆÂÄ„
562
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ÐëM}ìXZW,Z]ÆK~t!*]Ì7ÃgDbecāÍ,ä~**BMiZŠ˜÷āZÒ 131 –w;ÑætÆJgÐwZg]ˆlÅX
ßAVäZ+á´#ÖèÑÆîg6,7É4z¿Å´#ÖÆîg6,Š¬ìXŒZzgÍ,äÌZ(„HìXŒÐIZ
ÄB5Ðö EGZzgâãÌŒÛd$ŒÛd$Z4èo6,ZLìÑ]»ZÖg™`¸ZzgŒZyìÑ]Ð{™OW,¥x
˜VJ-ÄLLƒszZ+óó~Z+Æq»mìÂtZkz‰Ü 231 ƒ@*ìXóóÌñ�ŠåZ#MŠxÃ>{™äÐZïg™ÆZ+ä}.ZÅ**�ÛâãŶX~**BMiZŠäŒÆz{ZÃgÜK÷X~Z+»°wZzg“ÃM@*ìXz{
˜÷āZ+»t°wZzg°æOz�Û¯ÄZDw~ÌŠxŠx6,ñ�ŠìXZkÆ‚B„Zy»ÒytÌìā:
LL–wZDw'ZsxZq-åŸ$�î E0§]ìZzgZ+ÃZL³ZìÅŠÆg5~ZsxZq-¹(,~g»zÃM@*ì
pZkz‰Ü²ZKyÅaZöƒðZzgZ+äMŠôPÃ>{™äÐZïgHZk»“ÔZk»°wZzgZk»™z�ÛZDwÆŒVZÏZ0+ZiÐñ�Šì:
âg„**ŠZV4Ô>{&óEŠx',x331 Zz/.ŠZ„{uÔð/5,ZŠMfgxXóó
${ðG
O§Z+ÆK~ZDw6,‰ß5ZzgÄZÆZW,Z]»f™Z+%~@*ëZÝ!*]¸ìāZDwä¢ðGO‹4z¿Æ!*) 431 \)ÿ
IäÌHìX
531 Z+ÅdÅìZzgµg7ÕäO`Æi%æGLZW,ZÐpZ<îE0ZI�ÛZt̹ìXZDwÆ4,Šq-ŠgŠzίMgizq~Oq"·ì�%ŠZÈ}.Z»ãCŠ~z�ìXZÏGZzg4z¿ÐpŠ~LƒCìZzg%›}.ZZ+»$å MOè£.ÞáCìXŠg|Z+:ZDw»‹zì:@zbXZDwÆz].Zy~Z+Z+„
662
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ìªÑ»úÒ{ìXZÐKÆa¢ƒæÅÄLLZ+»�ÛâyZL(Ï�Ûi0+zVÆ**xóó2ZgèÈsiÅÄóóZ+Å
&CÒø ELØgòóó„»°ìX¯ÄZDw~ZÏ${ð
GOg»!*g!*gZ¬Š{ƒZìXLL!*wƒsóó~ÄLLƒszZ+óóмMÐ
LZ+Ų¡Z“óóìÔT»My~Ätì:/gÆZ+÷Zg!*ƒ(„!*¹7Z[÷~¢zg‹MZ#u!
LL¢ƒæóó~LL¼k,óóÆÄZyÐ�ÄìZkÆ!*g}~ZDwäzŸs#ÅìāZ#èEEL²!ÐâpfìXLL(„è�Û8-óó~�Ûā(„Ã
ZK¹ìX}.ZÐë÷ā:¯c*Zq-„Z+MvÐÂä&¯ñ{uÐZkÐfgZMÐZq-Ä>ZyLLZ+»�ÛâyZL 631 ZkäŠzœDÙZgZ+XZ+»ƒÐ(,ZXtìā›yZsxÅ{§ (Ï�Ûi0+zVÆ**xóóìX
YyÅ!*i~ΊêìÔOçZL(Ï�Ûi0+zV)f[ÆZ3ÿXL(„(Æ**x�Ûây:gzb·åZkÆ$+yÐïwŠzXZϧbÄ>ZyLL‹èZZxóó Yg~™@*ìā
731 ÆMy~Ä~¹ìā÷áh+:Z+ÆËj+мgziiYñXLLZgèÈsióóÅîsÄLLZ+Å>Øgòóó~ZDw»${ð
GOgèZ+
zZãF,ƒY@*ìXZ’Z~Z+äZL�»g**óÒyK÷Zy~�ÛāÃCK»pZ[Š3**Ôè<ØÆZ\VÃÂh**Ô**ŠZgzVük,6,4»$2**Zzg!3™.ðE
VÃuâtŠZg~»†yŠb÷áï÷Xxzg]ÆŠzgZyt›ë‚tMD÷ā)f!uâtŠZgZ:(/ge$CK»Zq-6,Š{ìXÃ7LÐZ�Ûā(„"s[ƒðìZzgZKÂxÆaç{Z·ZK7ÉZsxìX¯ÄZDw~Z+»f™¬xîg6,T§bƒZìÔZk»Z0+Zi{fsÆZÃgÐÌÎc*YYì:
%÷Zi|‹-Vg¦ ŠCÙe$aVY%î0è<ØŠgh+
762
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
31 8 u%î0ZzŠh+Ò%Šx“ MV#gKz„!*ë6,„31 9 ð!*K0+h+xbYŠ! Z#èEELMŠxŠw!*K.Š
=Z0+g7ÀêLŠwm,ŠZãZ„041 aViŠwMiZŠ”-ãZ„
6,zWz©Z−+LLÕèÍ,ZzgZDwóó~˜÷āLL’ñgzbÍ,Æ4,Šq-Z+|7T»CÙ¿Šúh+ZgƒYƒÉz{ÜsZL¿Å76,«ƒCìXŒVZDwÆ$©�î EG
0ÃÅÍ,Ðt!*Ç&4èEGOEìYèZDwÆ4,Šq-ÌMŠò’»ÜsZyzZgìÔz{Šúh+Zg7ƒYXªCÙì
141 āZDwZLìÑ]~ŒVcèf[ÆZ°gйOW,ÃMD÷XóóZkK~цZÔgzòZzgZDw»f™™Dƒñ˜÷āLLŠzâVÆ;V
Í,*Å’&ëGLæ¹Ð¹OW,åZzg–w 241 ’æzoì[’6,Xóó341 ZDwqƒÔ�«gÔÄ~Ô�ÛŠzÏZzg¬xZsòßZ»NÈZˆyìXóó
9¡¾æE
LZDwÃf[лgŒÛZgŠ¶zZáZâZqzZlxÆZ3ÿXL¯÷XZy~ic*Š{úc*V#Ũ4è
EGELZDw÷X~Љä¤ÏÆ‚B¡¾æ E
LZDwÃf!„~ˆl™äÅÃÒÅìX‰ÅMgZgŠÔÇ~c*ç0+Z:÷XtMgZZÒÁd6,FF÷Zzg}}5&ƒ÷X�l'M!*Š~ÃF,¹I~»(,Ziøåp±ÅÂë6,4ÐL�]qÝ:™nXLLc*ŠzVÅ',Z]óóZkÅ÷á@ìXZÏÂ[~Löyi#óÆfg)‰px¥â]J-îÅF,IŠg`ìXZÏLöyi#óäZÏsHāZDwÅfZC7ZzhìZkaāZDwäŠzuzVÆìÑ]ÅF,)ãÅìXZ[Z¤/Löyi#óZÚ„»g¤/M!åÂ�lÃecåā©gM!*ŠY™pZgƒäÆOñLöyi#ó»»g{:ÎDZzg‰¥â]ÆZkRMáÃyz*y½Æ¢zg]qzVÃ�ÛZë
862
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
™DZzgÑÅV™zhzV¾DXZDwÆ;VÂZ°gÅZâÒ]ìāVwSÂìppŠ�lÅfZC7zZªZzhìXZq-Zµ_¬~gZ¶ä
Zk»qÝtìā�lä� 441 ‘Õä O)ZDw6,�lÆZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{1ìXZ‹ZŸ]ZDw6,K÷Zy~Ð9»@sz{pŠ‘W÷X
ÕYw−LL0*Îã×óó»Xi™äpZDw„Ã"54fõ EGHIZzg
',}V»%“ŒÛZgŠ}™LL0*Îã×óóÆ¡~zgÃgŠ™Šc*ZzgZÐ@½W¯™ZÝgZ{Ð?؉Xz{"54fõ E
GHIZzg',}VÆ6~7,}%ZvÅ°àZzg
)àÌ]Ãi%æGLcÑMhqZDwäLL¤g~zFg~zŠzÏzƒz]óóÅßg]~ÒyHìX@¾äZDwÆ${ð
GO§Zg»ÃeZgzyÆ3D~eZÑ
ìXtZq-ß.ìT6,ƒQ~gzÝeZàˆìXZ„k°jg~äZk!*]6,¹izgŠc*ìāZDwzu]Zß�Š~¸ZzgZÏa¢o/õ
EIHZzg',}VÅcz~ÅX|ZkÆ',@ìXZDwäzu]Zß�Š»ÂhHZzgZsò„ÐzZhƒ™ZzgZk»‘Ðê M',ŠZg0™Â©Å‚zS»�Û9W,îg6,ZŠZHXZy
XÃðŠZ›gZK ÆäMS[SÆä‡Rv Æ${ðG
O§pŠ~»"gÌ®Ð*î0©ì:pŠ~»aç LOL.V,ŠZãÅMh~ZDwézg‚ªÆZ‹yÐ].Z7™YXq²ZDwÆ¡Òiªî EE
0pŠ~ÃZ�V»Mö{Zzg${ðG
Ogè%›»ïûgÑbÆ‹zÔÍ,ÆZn}Ô"54fõ E
GHIƯtZ²Zzg1ÆZgX»³/CD÷XZyÆìw~
ZyƒÃÝ7,J™%Šè»ï¯c*ŠHXZq-!©lçEOLŒÛMyÃZÚÂ¥x„ƒ**ec
åāZŠÌÐZŠÌZKyÝ7,|™%›ñð0Yìƪ®Ð*î0©zZ.Zk�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~äÔM@È™ÆÔ 541 ÆŠwÅ÷ZÇV~QF,YñX
ZDwÆ${ðG
OgñðÃ"54fõ EGHIƯtZ²Ð»gŒÛZgŠc*ìXZÒ#Ũ4è
EGELZDw
äZ(„HìXWestern Influence eZË@*gZ`g2ÏäZ%Zkñçq6,»x™Æ
962
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ÆÄZyÐó£!7HZzg8ZÝe~Åe¤/~qÝÅXZ,Vä in Iqbal
ZL}òïÃøDfsZÖp~ÒyHì:"Iqbal's genius assimilates some impressions, gets
stimulated by some thoughts, acquiesces in some
view- points, revolts against some opinions: influence
is thus a process that continues making an impact on
ones sensibility. His greateness lies in the fact that he
drank deep at both the eastern and western sources: the
knowledge of the world of his time is clearly reflected
in his writings."146
741 ZDwäExÑtz¾[7,|apgzb~ŠgŠz™[!*¹g;XZyExÐOW,̃ñptZW,5+k,~ZyÆZsòz].ZyÆo°7ì
LLZy ÉZkÅMsŠZgìXf!!¨¾æ EO+»f™™Æ6,zW~**BMiZŠ˜÷āÓx\VÆÃc*]ÐZDwTuJ-OW,ƒñz{MNWŧbgz×ìZzg
ÎZwtìāHtZW,5+k,~ 841 ¯ÄZDwÆCÙŠzg~ZkÅ¡ÃMCìXZDwÃZL%œ/z"gÔZLZsòz].ZyZzgZLÇu8g*î FI0Z°gЊzg™ä»
:Lµì?‘Õä O)ZDwÅ„~Z‚kÆçÆatZq-ZëÎZwìXLLZ·ZÅ¡óóÆjZáÐ~**BMiZŠäøDfsgZñ»ZÖgHì:
LLZsxÂZDw»u8g*î FI0Z°gìZzgËÌ**ŠÆate7āË!¨¾æ EO»mZkÆu*Z°gÐÂhnXZkaZ¤/».$
zs\.-ôGc*uŠZgQ~c*³m,Z£c*eZË@*|䡾æ ELZDw~
Z·ZKšŧsZ÷ág{™Šc*ÂZkÐZD1]ÅãCŠ941 Æâ²wƒä»Z0+6Ñh7ƒ@*Xóó
ZDwZzgËf!!¨¾æ EOÆK~ZµÐ̼Š_¬7K‰pZDwZzgf!„6,ÔeZËg2ÏÆèÃg{£á)7891Y(Ь 051 ÷X
072
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
6591Y~÷áù (Iqbal and Post- Kantian Voluntarism) aZ£eZgÅÂ[ƒð¶X6,zW~**BMiZŠÅÂ[LLZDwZzgf!!¨¾æ EO+óó5791Y~÷áùƒðX6,zWz©Z−+»ÂLLZDwZzgf!„óó1891Y~÷áùƒZXZÏ‚wMwZ£uzgÅ%"ìGOE™Š{Â[LLZDwZzgf[óó©¬x6,MðXeZË‚]ŒZâgÅ"LLZDwZzgætzf[Æ!¨¾æ EO+óó9891Y~÷áùƒðXŠzu}
z‰Ü¦/gäÆ‚B‚Bt|zZã 151 âCÙ#èGELZDwäÌZkñçq6,–XF,ƒCˆāZDwZ¤/pÑtz¾[Æ„z,ÐÕÆñCËgìpZy»Çu8g*î FI0„ZsxìX
eZËg2ÏZDwÆ$+F,+#|V~÷áï÷Xó£!™»Ñ¡¾æE
LZDw~f!ZW,Z]z$ó~.ŶK0+„™**åXZDw6,Z,‰ZW,Z]�âpfZ]»Šgzgnp÷ZyÆZܹÔ(ÏZzgZKã${ð
GOgZ]ЃŠx7÷X
z{c*ÂZDwÅZsòù]ÐëM}÷Zzgc*Šg|Zsò„„ÅÂWIqbal and Western Philosophers Zk$©�î EG
0ÃÐeZË2+k,„Å" ÷XeZËñßsä¢o/õ
EIHZzgZDwÔØ©gZzgZDwÔ"54fõ EGHIZzgZDwÔ Ñ$þ
JL_·ìXz@8-,ç EGEZzgZDwÔ',}VZzgZDwÔå"5¾æ HG
Y]ZzgZDwÆÄZ**]ÐZµZµ
Z1Z[‡ì™Æ-»©_·7HìXZ,VäZyÓx\VÆ‚BÆK~ŒÛMãMc*]Ô (affinities) Zzg/] (differences) ZDwÆZ%Ã]
ZqŠg$Ôš~gzòZzgŠzu}Zsò$ó~.ŶK0+„ÅìXZyÐ#Ũ4èE
GELZDwÆZ‹ZŸ]Æ´z{ZyZDÑ]»ZiZ!̃ZìXÐцZÔZzgaZ£‰âCÙ#èGELZDwŠzeggì÷X
eZËg2ÏÉZkñçq6,™zZßVäZk|»Z‹ZsHìāZDwäf!${ð
GOgZ]ÆÜsŒz]ÌÅìXŠg|Ôèù¦Ô
ZDwƒÒgêL‘ÐêLq¢»Âh™D÷XiâUq¢ÆZKyäÎg`ÅÃúVä/ëg
172
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
Hpi0+ÏÅ‘è@*gq-Ã\?ç MM:™eXzztìāz{u⛢ÐøzxìXZDw»u⛢„Zy»z].ZyìZzgtz].Zy{âV~JƒZ7ìÉzZuìXZDwCÙZk${ð
GOgZzgCÙZk„~ÂxÆ#³÷�ZÒŠZzgâœ{6,4Ã�ÛzrŠê
ìZzgZ‹yzZÜt6,úMzgƒ@*ìXZDwCKzZEgÆ#³Zka÷āZyÆ4,Šq-:aç MËg~iâ�ZkfZ‹"±ÃìXZDwuâtŠZg~Æ#³÷ZkaāuâtŠZgúZx»¡w™D÷TÐZpé]Ô°wZzg)zZ]Å
Zsòx]êzbƒC÷XZDwZyZܹZßßVÆ�„uâñÅ]лxheÆgzZŠZg÷XZ·ZKZßi)zZ]ÅD',ŠZgìXZDwZk¯6,Zk
Æ',zñ»gMäÅZygnp Îö³Øô]Ö³Ãø³Ëûç Åd™D÷ZzgZkÚø~ws÷pZ#§$þGLÃ3½è XME~6,zm,~.ŠÙ÷ÂZkÐÜZgƒYD÷ZzgaèZ·Ze$Zq-JZ:ÂxìZka¨ù¦ZÐgŠ™Šï÷XZDwuâtŠZgZ:/ge$Æ%æFM9Aõ
EFOQhZD÷Zzggzqã/ge$Ɔ÷X
zm¸r&f[äŠ*½~;Šc*ìZDwÆ4,Šq-**‡&ÿELJwìXz{›âVÃZq-xc*$Òï OGŒÛZgŠï÷�g8-Ô±Ôzí6,FF7ÉœāZsòo}6,Z2ZgìXŠ*z].h+Å“ZzgãCŠ6,4zMiZŠìà
ÆÚø~ZDwÅ×e$z#¿»£gZsxìXZy»�:êEXLZsx (Liberalism)
Z&Ïî E0KZzg�d$Æ�Ûi0+ŠzâVÐZZzg—ìXz{²[CKÅY\ÔZi!0îE0z«ÆQ${ð
GOsZzg¼k,6,4ЛâVÃ�]ŠÑ™¢zZZyZzg
ZsòZŠZgÅŠzªÐâÑâw™**eT÷Xf!�d$ÆZÏ{ÃZ,VäçZIyŠ¬�ZsòZŠZgÆ_.ìc*ZyÅÂWìXZÒŠZzgâœ{6,4ÆbCÙÃJW»@s¯c*ìXZDw=ÔDZzg‚bÅ×e$ZsòZŠZgÆÚø~™D÷ZzgZ¹ZKã#b»fg=¯**eT÷Xz{Z,DÐÜZg÷�ZÒŠÅ}.#Ö¦/Zg~™@*ìZzgZ+=»3Ó@*i{й�™D÷�:æ Mx
272
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÆÜsŒz]™Æç}»!*)k�ìXZyÅyŠŠgµ¦È�Û8-Ð0*CìZzgGZsòŠ*Æ™xÈÃÅÄÐ�ÛzrqÝ™@*ìXz{ Z‚ÛZöÃÐZsò$©�î EG
0ÃÆ_.ÅMö™D÷ZzgLL“¨Ñõ GÅg‚VāZŠ[ GzyŠpgŠ{ŠwZ„óóÅS™D÷X±ï Y
EZzg\.-ôGäúg]Æ!*g}~ZDwÆ„~gzb6,Z‹ZnHìXZ‹ZntìāZDwúg]Ã0*ugeT÷X
ZDw÷āZvZzggÎwåÆZ©xÆ£«~ŠZ›gZÈf[ÃÃðZÌzw7ŠïÉúg]Ã0*ugppÅ{§6,Š}Å×e$ÌÔZsò½Æ_.™D÷Xf[Ã=6,»ï½z‚ìXZDw=й»xfe÷pZk6,»ï½z‚7™DX»ï½z‚Z¹ŒÛMy6,ì�™zD+',6,¹izgŠêìpZsxÅãCŠZZy!*Ø6,g‚rìX¡[£gÅzzÐZDwÆ
z{ë÷āLL~ZkMv~eZÑŠH 251 4,Šq-:LLŠZøq¢s[ZºZ„Xóót±Z[ZDwÆ!z�ŠÃgZ4Zzg¢ï«™@*ìZzg 351 ƒV!5ÿ
IL2Xóó
ZDwTz].ZyzZ‹y»ZÖgzZ´y$43ðGEOqZ‚2Æ‚BÔ!*g!*gZzgÚ™D÷ÔZk»Üātqì:Šg‘èZ0+6âgZiÆäMS[ª„ÅZ0+ƒ~gZ]ÃÆäMS[»
451 âggz×™**ìX6,zWZ|[Z£Z»g~˜÷āLLZDwäšµ$‹fõ EIÔ',}VÔÑT$2Ô
zZ"3ïJGHŠZzg8-,ç EGEzZgeÆZ°gz@*W,Z]ÐÌZW,JwHìpZϧbgzòÔZÄB5Ðö EGÔ²Z¹ZzgZ#èEEL7Óå EMNzyÌZyÅ„6,÷}îg6,ZW,Z0+Ziƒñ÷'Zk~
¹¼éyŒÛZyÅãCŠ~x]ÃÔZyÅ÷ZÇV~Y™ŠÚZzgZkÐZW,5+k,¹Y@*ìÔÂZk (ECLECTIC) ƒä»ÌìXpZ#ZDwÆf‚ÃZN!
Ð�&òGW,Q½@*ìz{tìāZDwä„CÙK³Zzg„ŠuZVÐñZŠ¦™ÆZZbZÃZq-±~~6,zŠc*ìÔÍc*ZyÆÐhƒðCÙÄZq-
»ZßwZLZ0+g7gBbXt (Authentication) ì�ZL¿�Zi PASTICHE
372
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ŠúòZ•ðè$Z0ìXzZ§tìāZDw»f‚îîg6,7Õä EMO‡:ìXZyÆ;V�ª]Z0Z0+gzãzu]Zzg=QìÔz{ZÏf‚»Zq-½7gîìÔZzgZyÅ÷á²~ZiZÍw@*MyZÏf‚Zzgz].ZyÆ2w/2w(,"ZzgÌÅ
551 ŠZ*yìXóó6,zWZ»g~äZDw6,ZNšMÆZ²ZxŸW,F,Šh+™Š~ìp
Ñtz¾[ÆÛzß5ZzgŒÛMyÅãCŠ~x]ÆZW,Z]»‚B‚Bf™ÆZq-Z·xÃ!*¹g3ìXŠg|ZDwæ¹zf!${ð
GOgZ]zZ°gÃŒÛMyÅ
öZy6,6,Ç%Jw7™DX-VŒÛMÈœZyÅ„~Z‚kŒÛZg0*@*ìXZ|[Z£Z»g~»øDfsÒy|»MsŠZgì:
"And one might add that the single, fundamental and
perennial source of inspiration for Iqbal as poet and
thinker is the Quran and the personality of the holy
prophet Mohammad."156
ª÷á²z!¨¾æ EOLZDwÆazZuCÔãCŠ~Zzg‡Z·gâ~.éÈŒÛMÈœZzg\B{3ï
IEGGL·åìX
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
X%"0î GOEgfŒÔ,]162@*872 The Sword and the Sceptre ˜! 1XjZáÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:ZDw@zb¬Ý%"0î GOEÔeZËÐZºÔ,]611X711 2X
Ô,])!*nKM(362Ô672Ô572 The Sword and the Sceptre 3@*5XZsÔ,])!*nKM(382Ô782Ô203 6@*8XZD1]:ñÑ**ÝxgÎw$%"0î GOEZëÐE~Ô,]35X45Ô2Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ**) 9XZDwÔ%"0î GOE·Ú{Ãgz¹Ô™68
%"0î GOE÷á@@g°Z¹Ô™002 Discourses of Iqbal 01X
472
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Zi Introduction to the Thought of Iqbal Zôm,~F,3ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 11X21XñÑ**†ZØeZgÔ,]72X82X53XQgŠzF,3ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGZDw@z—¬ÝÔ,]391@*802X
™382 The Sword and the Sceptre Ã7ÆÒ**]ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG: 31X41X(ZDw@z—¬ÝÔ,]641X741 ii)Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:!*8-èŠgZÅÄLLZg»óó'Ä»Zq-ZzgÄŒVŠg`HY@*ì�ZDwÆ 51X$©�î EG
0ÃÃ'×h+zZã™@*ì:ZϤ±ø
ILøÐi0+{÷ZZx¸ìgZ¯A$z@*ƒ$Òï OG²!
ZkK~ZDwÆtZÃg‡&ÿEL$ðGOz÷: 61X
)ågZ{D!*&ëEYLŠgZ(Q(„gh™ŠZ4y§Š,~ƒozŠzªì�¡wx»Zux
)!*ÁƒsÔ™55(»�ÛìÂc?™@*ì½z‚ñðìÂ"$̱@*ì3„!
An Exposition of the Self Ô)2( In Defence of the Self Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:)1( 71X81XXDiscourses of Iqbal ˜!
Z·ZKD¢[èæ 91XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ"54hé EGHID\xætԣĜZÓâ~$‹pî EIDYzh+**) 02X12X!*ÁƒsÔ™28 22XLL¢ƒæóó~Ä>ZyLLœ$‹pî EIóó»tÄÑëÂzì: 32X
w$ýGL&½0î EG0©ƒe:œó{ecZuZ§ÆäMS[Æa
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw@z—¬ÝÔ,]29X39 42XX192 The Sword and the Sceptre ZÝQÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG: 52X
X™402 Whither Islam? 62XX™581 Mohammedanism 72X
X™48 Modern Trends in Islam 82XXßyZi+cÔ™431 Modern Islam in India 92X
572
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
$©øEGI
L�Û8-)\x(D\Äæt 03X,]523X623ÔF,ÀeZË·gc*n»Z(gHŠHìX Cabriel,s Wing 13X
)ÕƒsÔ™993(ZDwZzgf!!¨¾æ EO+Ô™09 23X
(ZDwZzgf!!¨¾æ EO+Ô™09 ii (²ÃyZDwÔ™49) i Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:) 33X].h+�Ø]ÐZDwÃÁzZ�ŒÛZgŠ¶»\.-ôG»ÑtªCÙ™**ìāZDwä 43XZ·ZK6,�WÅZk»!*)tZŠðg~MÇ„¶XZ+!*]7ìXZDwÅÊ*z].h+�Ø]6,÷~¶XZy»Ih+{çÑ{z{ì�ZsòZßßV6,Z2Zg
A study of Iqbal's [ ƒ:āZ·ZÅZßßV6,X),ÆaaZ£eZgÅÂX Conception of Society »z{8~î OŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGT»ÄZyì: Philosophy
6,zW~**B»\.-ôG6,tû{ÌÑ$þJLÂzì:
LL\.-ôGt!*]ÈwYD÷āZDwÆ‚t›âVÅ‹Š»Zq-ZC${ðG
OgåX¬ÂZDwÃé@*y™ÎœU*"$™**ZzgQZyÆÎcx6,Z‹Zn™**ZzgtIāz{ÎcxÆ!*g}~t7Y…¸ÔZq-·nÅWìX\.-ôGZk|ÃtYV7™Dā9c*ßÔZDw
z{ ›âVÆ)b»´`ÎcxÃ7ÉZsxÃB¸ZzgZsxÌ7�ñÑ**Z1ZæxMiZŠä7HÉz{�pŠZDwä7Hóó')ZDw
Zzgf!!¨¾æ EO+Ô™19(¯ÄZDw~Ôf!!¨¾æ EO+~ÐÔ"54fõ E
GHIÆ´z{ƒÐic*Š{f™¬Zzg 53X
',}V»ìXLL¢ƒæóóÅÄLLZq-,iŠ{±iZŠ}Æ**xóó~ŠzâVÆK~2)f!(�Æ!*g}~ZDwÅgZñ»zZãZÖgƒZì:
−&éEOg„',}V:ƒ@* ÂZKpŠ~Z¤/:Å@*ìZk»Xƒìà! ¬»œs÷Ð{àì¡Òiªî EEOi0+ÏЊzg~! Z�xyŠì"—g~
ŠZ›gZDwÔ™39 63Xóó5±ÙX ÆäMS[SÆä‡Rv LL >Zy Zk¢ðGO]M�Û»Z0+Zi{™äÆaÔ}ÔLL¢ƒæóóÅÄ 73X
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGZôm,~h]Ô�GZi+cÔ™6 83X$©øEGI
L�Û8-)\x(D\Äæt 93X672
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZDw@z—¬ÝÔ™881 04XX!LLZDwg--óóÔZ6,s Iqbal and His Critics Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ±†ZßZu»*y 14X
4691YÔ™11XLLZD1]óóÆÑg{',Zñ†g~�Ñð8991Y~eZËZ+%~\)ÿI
êÎZÑZòZDwZ-ZgeŠ¶Å½d$ÅgzŠZŠ÷áùƒðXZÐ7,|™ßyÐqZv{yäZq-%ZÏYg~HT~z{˜÷āLLZ+%~\)ÿ
Iz{
àt÷2VäZL!*Ÿ‚µ/ZzgÑÆ�¬Â‘ÕäO)ZDwÅ)©àæbz*öÅZzgZkÆ‘Õä O)6,CÙi{uZðŪ‘ÕäO)6,!*ëZ²Zâ]ÎñZzg‘ÕäO)ÆDz2ªÅ$Åóó')t%ZÏgZ¶Æ**xÌMc*ì(ZkÆqZv{yäz„Z‹ZŸ]™CÙZñ÷X»Z0+gZ`±†ZßZuäHìX
)±†ZßZuäZq-Z½kÂ[Æ™583ÐÜHìZzgtЙ585ÉŠc*ìXqZv{yäÌZktÙCÙZc*ìX(Š&ÀŸ/õ GGԣыœÔ¢ŠzxÔ,]342@*562XцZÔÆ',}VÐ0 24XZ²Zx»Y,{MÐ1ŠHìX
X™323 Gabriel's Wing 34XцZÔäpŠ–ìāLLŒÛMy™*äÌ343ï XJGGZ·~ŧsÂzŠÑðìX 44X
)ŠNZz.$ŧsāz{¾§b¯c*ŠHì( Êø³³^Þû³¿ö³†]ôÖø³o]Ÿôe³ØôÒønÌøìö³×ôÏøkZsò�d$zÇ~Zz.$´#ÖèçÆîg6,ÌZEwƒ@*ìXóó)£Ñ]
œÔ,]362X462(ZkÐsÃZÝZÌZy_Åì�ZkjZáÐÒyƒñ÷X
ZuZ§pŠ~Ô,]54Ô15 54X64X(iii X™45) Stray Reflections(ii X™423) Gabriel's Wing(i Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:) 74X
•Zg]¡¾æE
LZDwÔ™59X\@.çIXFLƒs)F,ÀZieZË·gc*n(,]593@*004( 84X
X™823 Gabriel's Wing ,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 94XŒÛMyZzg›âVÆi0+{)bÔ™432XeZËñßs'×h+˜÷āLLZDw 05XÆ,6,g™äzZá�ZkÆ„»â~.f!Z°gÃŒÛZgŠï÷Ôt7Bā‘:„ÅD+z+zúÆaåÃð:Ãðf61ú„øuƒ@*ìTÃg«™äÆagHY@*ìXZDwÆaøu„Zyƒ#aÆøuZ°gÐ].Z
772
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ìXÆZ°gÃZDwÆ„»JZYZzgâ~.${ðG
OgHY@*ìXZDw»ƒÐ(,ZXtìā¾§b›âV»Z§ƒZzgz{ZkZzoÐùìT~z{2÷X
xviiÔxv XŠâpÔ,] Poems from Iqbal 15X25X%"0î GOEZ*G�Ô,]01X11 Studies in Iqbal's Thought and Art 35X(ZD1]:±Z1ZÑdñŠzŠ~%"0î GOE ii X,]122X222) Gabriel's Wing( i 45X55X)
˜Zvz{−ø-VÔ™02\)ÿI
äTÄ»Zôm,~F,ÀŠg`Hìz{tì:Í8çXLŠgc*ñŒÛMV^©0î EGZx&Ñ—g'çEL(Zv&Zx)š~)�ÛÔ™44(ZÏÔ6,tÄÌÂzÔì:ŠZgxZ0+gBâ§ÆäMS[&ŠgÑZƒðuzgÆäMS[XZyŠzZÃg»F,À:
~äŒÛMÈ0*uÆ«gÐñCïw™Z¹)ZL¯x~(6,zŠc*ìX~äZv¬\Æg8-ÆgZiÅÑbÒyÅìX~ZLJg~ÆäMS[»âgg‚rƒV÷~÷á²~ÅÑZ[~ÆäMS[»uzgìX
ZD1]ÅZÏÔ%"0î GOE-÷Yzh+Ô™941''ïƒâg7g~äZy 65XßÍVÆ�f!�ÐMÙ7àâ]»Zq-ŸÑzqHXCÙÄ~Ë{mñçqÐ0‘ÕäO)ZDwZzgZq-f!…»ÃtkãÅ^~7HXOçXïƒâg7g~äÀ&>KXZq-»ñçq}.ZåT~fZ]ÇÆ0"54fõ E
GHIZzgZDw»_·åX!*¹ŠzVÔ³ÄÉÑB5éG]Zzg³ÄÉÒ©ð LGN‡{Ô~
dZnKMØ©gzZDwZzg"54fõ EGHIzZDwÆkã¸'ªCÙìāt»xå
ZzgZ#ïƒâg7g~ät>ÔZYi]Ô™äÅ{§ÔZDwÃZg‚wXÂZkìwÃuZ�Æ!*z�ŠZDwäÒyÅÂZzg¹¨gz„Å¢zg]ŧsÂzŠÑðX)ZDwÆâÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:ZD1]ÅZÏÔ™051&à]kKMZDw¢XgxÔ,]404X504(
ZD1]»_·Ô6,zW±z‡gx'çOA$eZ˱¥Z°ÝX™532X 75Xz‡gx˜÷āLLZDwƯxÆ0�ß${ð
GOgZ]¬xƒ‰¸z{ƒƒ 85X
™Ãð%œ/~^Z(g™DYD÷XLLgzòÔ$‹fõEIZzgZDwóóZk§bÆ
p}~Zq-z¯wg‚rì�±zƒîVÃgZ{6,Îä~Ó@Ze$»»x872
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Yìóó'tLLÓ@Ze$óóeZ‘V»:LµXeZË·™ŠtäZKÂ[ Š}(~eZËÑÆjZáТo/õ
EIHÔ"54fõ EGHIZzg A History of Urdu Literature)
',}Vá¾æ ELZDwÅZ‚kŒÛZgŠc*ìX),]454X554(³m,Z£ä–ìāLLZuZ§pŠ~ÆŠzg~ZDw6,"54fõ E
GHIƼZzgZW,Z]Z,÷
XÃLLâpfZ]óó¹YYìptZW,Z]˧bZDwòÆ£gèíc*ZyÆ(ÏZzgZKã${ð
GOgZ]ЃŠx7÷XZyâpfZ]Å,цZÔ™r#ä
ZL*yLLgzòÔ$‹fõEIZzgZDwóó~(,~Zh§bÒyÅìóó')ZDw:5úÔ
™312(z‡gxZzg³m,Z£ÅdZK(pZyŸâpfZ]ŶK0+„T§bƒðZkÐß�VÃ�Ûzrq݃ZX
ZD1]ÆÝlÔ%"0î GOEeZËÐZºÔ™34 95X)bZDwÔ™341 05X
ZDw»¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~ÔeZËM�Y{»gzZãÔ491 16X
',]51X61'èÃg{ÄLL¢[æóó~ Iqbal in Final Countdown 26XÐic*Š{ZÌ7Š~Y$ËX (trash) ìT6,g2ÏÆû}ÃLL‰wÚóó
ZDwä"54fõ EGHIÅÃÌÅìZzgdÌXZDwÅtŠgeðáZiyìX
ZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™271 (ii) £Ñ‹œÔ¢ŠzxÔ™062 (i) 36X46XZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™671 (ii) ¡¾æ
ELZDwÔ™874 (i) 56X66X
Ô™67Ô8091YÐ0291YJ-ZDwÅ Iqbal: The poet and His Message 76XÜsŠzšc*VÔZuZ§pŠ~Zzggñ¯6Š~Ô÷áùƒNXxV·ÑpÅ’k,ÃK~0ätÅìXLLZDwÆ${ð
GOgè!*g~¬ÄõWóóÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:LL£Ñ‹Ñpóó
LLZ°góó''™ZcÔâÞ8791YÔ™022Š&ÀŸ/õ GGLLÝlóóуgÔZÆ',âÞ3591YÔ™142 86X96Xc*ŠzVÅ',Z]Ô™094 07XfZ!öZÈZDwÔ%iZ·ëgÔ™841 17X$¨å EGLZDw§‹ZDw~Ô%"0î GOEd�ÛZ¹Ô™532 27XF,¹IZŠ[Ô,]411Ô311 37X0*Îã×Ô,]771X871 47XZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]Ô99X001Ô811Ô121Ô271Ô371 57XZDwøg}x÷á²Ô,]42@*92 67X
972
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
fZ!LLyz*y~ZD1]Xóó~**BMiZŠÔ™16 77XZsxZzgf[ƽ'F,Àd�ÛZ¹Ô·¢/!CLLgzZe$óó'5891Y 87X
@¾Åt’k,**Z»°6,FFì'LLmg]pZ;:Z0+Zióó'LL$tóó''LLegzV÷áä8ïFLGƒ**óó"ãCŠZzgѪ!*'÷Xh]~ZDwä
eZgzyÆÛZg»ÃÔ].h+Š*Æaâ-ÏZzg6,.ãzZCZ[»!*)ŒÛZgŠc*ìZzggzòÆÃtZg»ÅÔZyÆZÃgŠg`™ÆÔ×e$ÅìX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ�G
Zi+cÔ™79ZKy»ïÆZsò${ð
GOgZzg"54fõ E
GHIÆ${ð
GO§tZ²~§ŠÅ¶K0+„pŠZDwä
zŸs#zYöÆ‚BÅìXeZ˱†ZvÅzzß.»f™¦/ZzgZt~ƒ[ìXZ|[Z£Z»g~ 97X
óó')Šâp ä–ìāLLZDwäZC${ðG
OgèpŠ~$o/õEIHÆi%æGLZW,%"ìGOEHX
(t]ZÏß.»³¥xƒ@*ì� xix '™ Iqbal: Essays and studies
цZÔä;ðX²ZÏÔ6,)ãZ0+Zi~Z|[Z£Z»g~˜÷āLL¨÷á²Zzg!¨¾æ EOLZDwÆéy»zZuÔãCŠ~Zzg‡Z·gâ~.ŒÛMÈœZzg9Zsx|]·åÅ,ìóó'цZÔÆjZáÐeZË·™Št
A history of ä"54fõ EGHIÆZDw6,ZW,ÃÐic*Š{Óf™äzZÑCc*ìX)
(Urdu literature. P 454
LLZDwƉ“ª]óóDZi-ŠÐ²˜!LLÉ£Ñ]&ZDwg--óó 08X18X%"0î GOEeZËz©ŒÛ7Ô™714Zg»D!*&ëEYLŠgZ 28XZyMc*]ÆF,3ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ
$§;-êGEXGLZÅZyÔ¢QÔ,]214@*514 38X
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ$§;-êGEXGLZÅMyÔ¢XgxÔ,]531@*731 48X
',]791X891Ô481 Discourses of Iqbal Š&ÀŸ/õ GG: 58X68X78X88XZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]271X671
LLZDw»${ðG
OgfZ]!*g~óóÆi%æGLÄZy°jg~ät!í�Z(gHìāZDw}.Zâ…÷ª}.Z»Ñ]~Yg~z‚g~ìZzgt}.Z (Immanentist) Ãuc*ã
${ðG
OgÆo°ìXŒÛMyZzgZDwŠzâVÆ (Transcendentalist) ÆâzgZðÔèÀ Immanent ÌXZDw (Immanent) 4,Šq-}.ZâzgZÌìZzg”èÀ
082
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÆsV„~fe÷X}.ZûÑ]~Yg~z‚g~â+ÆZDwgzZŠZg7÷āZkлÑ]}.Zð%ûqÝ™gìZzgtzu]Zß�ŠìXóó
¡ÒiªîEE
0ZDwÔ%"0î GOE),ÄZDwÔ™401'ñÑ**gzòÐsÃZ#èEEL7Óå EMNzy»!zZg»ð 98X${ðG
O§iây‡.ÞÂzìXZDw˜÷āLL|èiây»Zq-÷ZÅgZzgiâä~i0+ÏÅÚw•5+k,~»${ð
GOg'§]ziây»¸${ð
GOgì�Z#èEEL7Óå EMNzyÆ
Û@*gõÅŠp»ºm`ì'ā@*gõ**xìöÔZ½¦w•5+k,~Zzgiâä~ÇZzg**¦/k,Zg»á»óó')$¨¿.ç
GEGLŠ´6,‰h+èÃÔ,]051X151(
ZÝQÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZôm,~h]ÔG�Zi+cÔ™211óÆ��Zâx÷áw»¸w Ló Z„k°jg~˜÷āLLZuZ§pŠ~~LZ߉ܢ 09X
ìÔZDw',}V»Ã›iây7™D÷XóóZkÆLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÆZ&4øEGLÄ
ZzgLLYzh+**)óóÆŠkZÃg)Zkû}Æ‚BāigzZyÅi!*yÐZDw',}V»Ã›iây7™D÷(ܙưjg~˜÷LL˜VJ-Zâx÷áwÆw»mìZkÆpÜqZ,z‰ÜÆ÷�–w¸‡…üLZqgìXr-.5é E
G]ʼn£zk,~z‰ÜÃZq-%+ñÅ~Š3c*ŠHìTÆ+ñ6,ŠgZ„g¿ìXZϧbÐz{ßÍV»g_0î IG0/s™@*ìXZkwÐāLz‰ÜŒZgìó',}VÆ!iâyÆ${ð
GOgÃZ~.™**@*z&ÿGL"Yìóó'ZLZk!í�Å@*G~Ñ
†ZÔÆ*yLLgzò"54fõ EGHIZzgZDwóó»Zq-îsZ½kÜHì�øDfsì:
iâyÅâ:Zzgi0+ÏÅp5+k,~Æ0�ìÑ]ăñ÷Ôz{',}VÐâpf÷XLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÆÌZDw',}VÆi%æGLZW,gìXZ\k»£xìāZDwäLLZuZ§pŠ~óó~}',}V»**xJ-71ZzgZk»¡Òiªî EE
0§]Zq-wÆâ�Òy™Šc*ìXZâx÷áwÆZÖp~Ãð,—7åXz{÷áh+Zk�ÃKЇÜgT�ZDwä',}VÐ
Z~.™ÆZyЙ[™Šc*ìXZâx÷áw»/ZzggZ„gz~ZknÆ�Êgp§Z²7Š¶X',}V»¡Òiªî EE
0iâyzuZ+MÐic*Š{ZÒŠÆŒÛ+ìX',}VZ$+e$Ä|ŒÛZgŠêìZzgZ$+e$Ãiây»áZŠsŒÛZgŠ}™(,~Š‰Üó{Ð${ð
GO§iâyÅ¥ô™@*ìT»â°tì:
iâykyÐ!*ÇZìZ¤/pf‚iâyÃÌky6,„ªk™@*ìXiâyZq-Z+!é]ìT~ky»Ãðz�Š„7ƒYZzgTÅ
182
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
â:~pZzgZg»ñ�ŠìXiâyÐZµËq»z�Š7ìXZLÃbÃug$t~åÑ$h4ð G
EZZÉåOO6,FFŒÛZgŠ}™ZDwä',}VÆZÒŠZzgZsxÅzuZ+M~¢ÈÅÃÒÅìX
Zzg óó Ñ$h4ð GNE‰ZZÉåOO °jg~ä'×h+–ìāLL÷áwÆkáŧbZqŠg$LL')ZDw» LLàìZvz‰ÜóóÐÌ',}V»Ã›iây�Šg7ƒ@*óó
‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]771@*081(¬tŠúò™**āZDw»${ð
GO§iây',}VÐâpfìZzgQtgœZ)**
',}V»${ðG
O§iâyZâx÷áwÆkáZzgZqŠg$ègÎwåÐ�Šg7 ā0øhìXцZÔÆîsZ½kZzgZyÆLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÐ ƒ@*ÔÜ™Š{âZÃg~_“',Zñ**xìX)ñZiäÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:£Ñ‹œÔ
,]562X662(ZzgZy~ÃðZ(Ä7TÐZҊŶK0+„ ¢ŠzxÔÅY$˃XZyZÃg»F,ÀøDfsì�xV†Z°æÆF,9*î E0ZuZ§pŠ~),]961X071(ÐÜHŠHì:LLZ}Šzlz�ÛŠZÆZ§ZLŠwÆZ0+gŠNz;VZq-Zzg˜yñ�ŠìXÂäz‰ÜÃ)ZylxVЯƒZ(â™™ZKèÆZ0+g@*gO»Õ@1c*ìXQ¾}„äiâäÅîZªÃgZ]ZzgŠyÆeäÐ**0*ìXÂägZ]ZzgŠyÆŠJÐÃi&éEOgèŠzl¯1ìZzgGVÅâ#!*ë�Ûzl0ŠHìXÂz‰ÜÅZÆÐMÇ{7ÔZkaN§]èYzŠZVÅM’ÌqÝ7XzZu]z‰ÜÐzZh7Xz‰Üåg�zZÑìZzgÎg`åg�zZÑ7X
ZyâZÃgÆŠgxy&ZÃgZzgÌ÷q°jg~äZLZ½k~÷áï7HZzgz{t÷:
açOhiZG~z!*ë”~ 61Š~z!iïIGL¯ÿ L”~Ó),Ä$Òï OGLZwZg!*l
!hÐ+ö?MiZŠZ,i&éEOg!*lg'çELz‰ÜZiàìZvc*Š� @*—Zigziz‘!*ÙZ§
)ZuZgzgñiÔ™18(ªLLÂ6å1½{uƒŠHXÂaçLOhaZƒZå1!*ë0ŠHX)açLOhÐZv¬\Ågzb~ÐYéƒðgzbŧsZ÷ág{ì(›ìZk
282
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
i**gÐMiZŠƒX$Òï OGèZwZgÅ),xÅÓ0X“J-gziz‘»ÝxgìÇXÂz‰ÜÆgZiקZ™xåÆZkZg÷áŠÐ)ā=Zv¬\Æ;VZ(z‰Üxì�ËÑ%Ëc*�Û_0î IG0H[ÃqÝ7(KÅÃÒ™Xóó
Zk*yÃ:ZÏgziz‘~ZÏ™:g{Y&ā¾}iâyzkVZzgÌ÷X)!*ÁƒsÔ™09(Åßg]~ÌÒyHìXZDwä${ð
GO§iâyÃ
›ËZg~»fg=¯c*ìZzg',}VÐZ.Š}ÃgzZg3ìX¼Š£â]6,Ô',}VÉÔf!!¨¾æ EO+ÅZDwäAŠwÐdÌÅìXцZÔÆÜ™Š{ZuZ§pŠ~ÆZÃg',}VÆi%æGLZW,‘‰÷pZy~ZÒŠ7ìZzg:ZyZÃgJ-ZDwÆ${ð
GO§iâyÃözŠHY
YìXцZÔÆZz6,Šg`”{Z½kÆgUˆ…LLZuZ§pŠ~óó»tÄÃM@*ì:i0+ÏZiŠCÙzŠCÙZii0+ÏZ„&Ñ$h4ð GNE‰ZZÉåOO�ÛâyÑåZ„X¥xƒ@*ìāeZËÑäZÏÄÆ7ÖìāZDwä',}VÆ
ZÒŠZzgZsò©~¢ÈÅÃÒÅìXug$t~åÅ@*z&ÿGLZDw6,Z‹ZŸ]»Y,{ƒQ~LL${ð
GO§iâyóóÆi%æGLÄZy1ŠHìXZk
6,tzŸs#°ŠìāZDw6,eZËÑ»ZÒŠZzg©Ãëg8-¯ä £x»Z²ZxßìXZkß.ÅzzZDwÆ!*¹¯xÃÃZ0+Zi™**ìXZDw»Ä:yŠƒðìiâyzkVÅi&éEOg~&:ìiâV:kVÆäMS[SÆäOZvX',}VÆZÒŠ»ÂhìXZkÄ~Ì©„»Zm]ì:
ëÈè‘zgzi~«}ƒñÈ}Â{ÅþLZ¡gzóg0+ÒM**]
)ÆäMS[SÆäOZvX¢ƒæÔš7åENZÆ—g~D!*Áƒs(°jg~ä–ìāYzh+**ó~igzZyÅi!*yÐZDwä',}V»Ã›iây7HìXZkK~°jg~äŠz$¹é EL]ÃZ0+ZiK÷X
Zq-tāLLigzZyóóZDwÅÜZs#Æ_.LLgzbiâyzkyóóìXÍc*ZDwŒVMM6MÆÛkyXiâyÅ@*G™D÷²',}V
Æ4,Šq-–wцZÔky»Ãðz�Š„7XŠzuZNtìāZDwŒVÌiây»¸î$©�î EG
0Ã7™Æ',}VПiƒYD÷XZDw»tĸî${ð
GOg»MsŠZgì:
382
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
àìZvCÙ™ZŠgŠwÜMV�ZV%Š}ƒÒgêLð“
цZÔÆ4,Šq-Zâx÷áwZLD+#èGOEZzggZ„„~Æ!*)Z$+e$ÃKÅZ¦ZŠÐøzx¸²Z$+e$Ãz„™xÈD4îg6,™Mh÷�My]Ƈb÷X¬x›yÌZk˜yìgèZzgZŒ˜yÊZEzZ$+~${ð
GOg™@*ìX°jg~Æìw~÷áwÆ4,Šq-z‰Ü‡…üLZqg
ìZzg)!5åGO+zgZ„„(÷áwät${ðG
Og‘ÐêLZ0xÐZ~.HìX(,}xVÎ(,}xVgLxV4yZvXtƒ)f)ŠZgZ:!*'÷XeZË-Š@{yäLLgz—ZDwóó~–ìāLL¥xƒ@*ìZâx÷áwòÃiâäÅ|ZzgZKãi0+Ï~ZkÅ@*|ZzgZÌ»”h+ZˆkåXóófs~LLKèŒÛ\óóÆZ’ZðZÃgÜKYD÷X~ZDwZ.ŠÒ',}VÅuÐMÐ(,|™z‰ÜƸî${ð
GOgÃÔ7Ò„z®Å~Òy™D
÷XtZÃgLLZ߉Üæ¢óóÉZsòù]ÆMsŠZg÷XцZÔZzgZ„k°jg~äZyÐܽÃHìXZDw»Zg÷áŠì:
Mgziz‘î°æYLqŠU*]
Mgziz‘ÔZuÿL§]z˜]Mgziz‘Ô@*§w%æGLŠzg8-TЯCìfZ]ZKDñr¨é LE]Mgziz‘Ô‚¯ZiwÅjVTЊ3CìfZ]ik,z'êELā]�Ã6,‚rìtÔíÃ6,‚rìtMgziz‘x.çG�ö
EL0Ȅ]
ƒZ¤/ÁÈgÔ~ƒVZ¤/ÁÈgñ]ì¾~',Z]Ôñ]ì÷~',Z]¾}‘zgziÅZzg|ìH
Zq-iâäÅgzÔT~:ŠyìgZ]!ZDwZzgf!!¨¾æ EO+Ô™012 19XZDwX‰W~™Kõ]Ô!LL×zÃXóó¢ÔÑg{1Ô9791YÔ™03 29X
482
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZDwZzgætzf[Æ!¨¾æ EO+Ô,]52X62 39X¡ÒiªîEE
0ZDwÔ%"0î GOE),xZDwÔ™301 49XZDw»D¯xÔ,])!*nKM(121Ô711Ô741Ô89 59@*89X
Z„k°jg~»çnLLDgZ',@iãâg}1Šóó»‚ìXñßsäCÙZk2yä/ZäÅÃÒÅìTÐ$Òï OGZsð»ZPxzZhìXgzòÔçZà
ZzgZDwÅ#¿ZÏK~ìX(,ñYtÃ{¤/ZVÂh™ÔXiâyzkVÂh™!)‚¹**):!*Áƒs( 99XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL!*8-ŠgZóóÅÄLLZg»óó'ŠzZÃgøDfs÷: 001X
xÈ¢ÒEyzM>‘4-öEE! £xnz“z]gzÎiz>
¸ìgZiA$z@*ƒ$Òï OGL²! ZϤ¿øÐi0+{÷ZZx7gZÄ-Vì:&z$©ø
EGIL¬ÅêLŠv"0î EE&GgZ!*ik,ÅMöŠ{)Ñtz¾[DYzh+**)( 101X
¡ÒiªîEE
0YÔáÀ:÷ŒZ−+Ô™301 201XÔ™454 A History of Urdu Literature Š&ÀŸ/õ GG: 301X
°jg~Æìw~LLZDwX',}VÔÑ[+âgÌZzg8-,ç EGEzZgez){Åpì» 401XZ‹Zs™**æ¹ExzçgsÆa_5Àö NE»!*)B¸ZkaZyÃc*]ÃgzòЙ[™ÆZ¹cz%”»Z¿ŠŒÛZgŠc*ìXóódŠ*~lZrÐlZrPìXZDwäf!ŠZø6,÷~ó{eZàXZkÐZ.Š{HZzgZkZ.Š}»Z‹ZsÌH@*ëŠZ$ø
EILq¢Æâœ{6,*:UîVÃ@sèW̯c*X
gz!îGOdZzgáZiyìXZkÆ',@f[ÆÁ„™xÈDäÁ™ ZDw»tZ‹ZsHādŠ*~›yZyÆ7gz¸XÁ™Z‹Zs™äzZßV
gZ',^',~ë÷áïìXZkä–ìāLL\-g\»gZ"5½è EGEZsòExz ~¸Z°ÆZŠÌ¤DÐic*Š{:åXz{tZ´y™äÐL78ðFN»āZkÆë)zVÆa²!Zzg²!‚b„ÇD»zZugZ3ì'f!F,¹»Ãð
Zq-UÌZ(7ìT6,ZsòÕyÆêÁZW,Z]ÆMU*gúc*V:ƒVóó'ZDwä',~ëƼŠZ½‚]7K÷X)Zôm,~h]Ô,]
@*ë°jg~ɺmf‚ÆŠZ›gZy›ëÐM@:æFNZD 301X401(÷X
$§;-êGEXGLZÅZyÔ¢ÎxÔ,]352X452 501X
582
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
¡¾æE
LZDwÔ,]574X674ÔцZÔäÔZDwÆÉzÜ™Š{&ZÃg 601XZ½k~÷áïK÷�t÷:
œ/ŠZxzŠŠCÝzZKßMgiz„ Š~�!*lZrb‚°æYM›à
c.çIGL}.Zzgd-êGLŠ*ßMgiz„ i,_;ÈNÁܛݤ/Ä
„Mèc*Äò›ŠMßMgiz„ ±©-êYEG
āc*Äò›Š8k0î ENGZ*âxV†Z°æäZyZÃg»tF,ÀHì:À�lZrá™à~xg;å)ZzgHå(ā~Šg0+zVZzga0*-VÐJ߃VZzgZKyŠÚÅpZég‚rƒVXZy&À+õ E‚¹VÐÜZgƒ[ƒVX~Z,ßÍVňl~ƒV�c.çIGL}.ZƒVZzgg0Åϸ]gnpƒV)gzqãZzg$+ãŠzâV'gnpƒV(~ä¹ÔZ,ßv7Xë¹eð&+`÷XZkä¹ā�7M~ZÏňl~ƒVXóó
QgŠzF,3ÆaŠAÔLL£Ñ‹Ÿióó'™304ÔZÝZôm,~QÆa: 701XX™461X Discourses of Iqbal
pŠ~Zzg%Šèh)ZKÈ»ï(ÆÚø~¼ZÃg7KYD÷: 801X
)!*ÁƒsÔ™99(4—{ì˜VZzg%Šhì2ðtNz{ìā7æ{ÆäMS[~ì!
)ÆäMS[SÆä‡ZvD¢[æ(tŠzgZL',Z�ňl~ì4—{ì˜VÆäMS[SÆä‡Zv
)ÄÄZyD¢ƒæ(DÙZg*F,}_5ëEYLgZ{ÐYLpŠ~~ez[Æ¢[æaZ™
)à‹ZDwQgŠzÔ™725(˜VZ¤/pŠ¤/ÍVìÔ�ê
GNQ&éELLãQÈZv
z„i~Ôz„¤/ŠzVìÔ�êGNQ&éELLãQÈZv
)7À.ïGL@D:p!*h+™Š(@*t]¬hYg~+$iï FIGL0*',¬ÎíLòi0+
ZkK~PZÃgŠg`KYD÷: 901X
( )MiZŠ„òÆZ´y6,D¢[æŒ~tŒZgÌMYñÂñðc*{ÉåLñYmiìc*©§™Zgñ
682
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
)!*ÁƒsD™75(ŠÁËZgÃgz¹ÔŠÁËZg°æOZg~!ø MLMŠxÆh~6ìŠwÅËZg~
)!*ÁƒsD™38(ŠZgZz\gÐz{%›MZz\ƒTÅM~~1ñZ‡ñZÉÐ:ö XW!
)āßÑ!DZgèÈsi(ò™{ÕƒVÐZŠZ™gÌYn~ā¢«ç EGL{Õ„ì�Z0+z{z›y~¼VB5±Ù: 011X
( )fztzØtDKèŒÛ\H7Zzgçâ~»g¶î Y
0§]~Æ÷“гZIwxÆÎo]
( )fztzØtDKèŒÛ\رïGL¡zÐÔ¾}°wÅ%Š!¢«çEGL¡z!*m,h+Ô¾Z)Á"Õ[!
)Š+z(„D!*Áƒs(ZÏ~™«ìZK+MÅ
āƒVZq-745å EEOG~zZgŠè~
)!gCåELŒÛ\D!*Áƒs(M{z{%ŠZyh!z{²!−Zg!q$ÿLLL7Òþ
ENLxóóÔ™8ïELuå Ltz>
)āßÑ!DZgèÈsi(Š¤/¬g³;ñwx&&4-ê EGE
ŠÁ¡zóÓçZàzgZi~
)!*ÁƒsD™72(ZÏ“~¦/g,%~i0+ÏÅgZ'LÎiz‚iègzòÔL@z@*ƒgZi~!VwÆîg6,Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ!*ÁƒsÅÄLLfztzØtóóTÆŠ}È~Òy™Š{ 111XÌ‹·åÔÌ‹ZÅ:ö XWÐZâŒÛd$÷āeZˆZhäZyZÃgþÆOñ£tŒÛZgŠc*ìXZkÅ¢zg]7¶XZDwÂLL›yóó~Ì‹ZÅ:ö XWŠÚÆø÷Xuz§¬Ýå~t¡$+g<îE0R'ê
GMñ�Š¶XzŸs#ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔƒZÅZy¢XgxÔ™14Ôqí61 211X5±ÙÔLL¢ƒæóóÅÄ>ZyLL%››yóóT»Zq-Äì:¤g~zFg~z 311X
782
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ŠzÏzƒz]&tegÁ܃VÂáCì›y!ZzgLL!*ÁƒsóóÅÄLLKèŒÛ\óó»0*vZVÈTÆŠzZÃgøDfs÷:
;BìZv»ÔÈÒñð»;B¸z»gM�Û,Ô»g¤Ô»g‚i{Åzâg~.ŠÔÈÒñÑÌ]CÙŠz˜VÐ"ÔZk»ŠÁ"*i
g!*È]D!*Áƒs 411XLL${ð
GOgèÆZzgZDw»%ŠñðóóÔ,])!*nKM(494Ô005Ô305X405 511@*711X
X™91 Iqbal's Concept of a Separate N.W. Muslim State 811XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:)1(LLZDwZzgëóóÔeZËZuZgZ£Ô™36)2(Z1ZÑdñŠzŠ~»*y 911XLL§‹ZDw»$óó˜!ZD1‹ñŠzŠ~)3(ݶZDwÔZ1Zd0+z~Ô,]13X23ZDw5úÔ™824 021X‘ÕäO)ZDwŽk,,Ô’k,,ZzgÒ**]ÔáWZDwZ£œjÔ™42 121X²ÃÈZDwÔ™581 221XZDwZq-÷á²Ô™07 321XZDw5úÔ™051 421X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL›,~iây»Xóó'!LL]èZDwóóÔeZËd�ÛZ¹Ô 521X,]21@*92XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ®ÿ N‡$ðGMQôK—ð NM�ö
ELQ]éIMQìKÅ‚ÔƒZÅZyÔ¢QÔ™162 621X
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLŠZøzgZDwóó'™721ÔèÃg{*yLL²ÃÈZDwóó%"0î GOEiCÙ{¥~÷áïìX 721XZDwZzgf[%"0î GOEMwZ£uzgÔ™091 821X
%›7åENZÔ**T$èhc*ZKÈ»ïÆ!*g}~ZDwä¹: 921X
)æ[/Yzh+DYzh+**)(ZzæðzZz[ðzZz2ðZz·åÔZzÂ[ÔZzƒL!�Ä"3ðEEO]Æ!*g}~¹:
)7À.ïGL@D:p!*h+™Š(p!ƒszŒÛMyZ„Zz¡>ZvgZ˜yZ„Zz
882
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
¼ZzgZÃg:
)āDÒjèIELgZ¯].h+(
+>.ç EEEsZ~ëŠZ*ßg«z‡œzŠg!*V0+Zß
)�Z[)1(DÒjèIELgZ¯].h+(
“**gli',;yzŠ?Z„“âgliYyƒsZ„
)�Z[)1(DÒjèIELgZ¯].h+(
ÒgŒñZzZipŠ¸�ƒ&ÿGLZF!*wz6,�
{‚gz"—gzÑè"‚ZitB3ïEGLgzbZÑ~
)oY]DYzh+**)(Z,Ó÷á{:\?çL‚%~Z„
D"gzbZ;kZ\ô~Z„
GŠÄƒLÔGŠÁ!{‹§õDå
G7åENZ»gð NwÔG7åENZ»¯x!Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ**Èî0Z+DYzh+**) 031XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔŠâp:LL\xætóó 131XZDwZzgf!!¨¾æ EO+Ô,]361@*761ÔÄÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ$g>.ç
GEGL¡])Zï§Z+( 231X331
D\ÄætŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL¯ÄZDw~-y»™ŠZgóó˜!LL×zÃóóDÑg{2Ô4891Y 431XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔYzh+**)Ô,]551Ô651 531XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ(„èætzf[)(„è�Û8-(D¢ƒæ 631X7gZÄZk§bì: 731X
eìātŠZ_0î IG0c¿Z�Û8-Z+ÆËj+мgziiYñ!
831@*041Xà]ZDwÃgÏÔ,])!*nKM(611Ô796Ô048ÕèÍ,Zzg¡¾æ
ELZDwÔ™52 141X
LgzòÔ$‹fõEIZzgZDwó˜!£Ñ‹œÔ¢ŠzxÔ™032 241X
982
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔŠâpÔ\xæt 341X5±Ù:LL‘Õä O)ZDw6,�lÆZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{óóÔZD1]Ô†g~âga0002YÔ 441XeZË;gzyZÇæOæ&4gê
GEOäZKÂ[LLeZËZ-[™',�gZDwÙkóó~t£!÷áïHìXgìÇ„˜V~u:z«&ZF,ŠH�F,}Šw~ÆäMaç
IML&ëGQMÈî Mó)øZ[ÉZjy 541XÆZ°g&¢[æ(
Western Influence in Iqbal 7ÂX 6541X7,|a~äExÑtz¾[&gzb~!*¹ìZ[J-ŠgŠz™[!)cz%h+D!*Áƒs( 741XZkŠgŠz™[»´`–w*.çFGLgzòâVÆ0*kì�›zïmzZôgÅ´#ÖìXZDwZÏ_."ÃòzçZzg¬@yâÅãCŠB÷X
ZDwZzgf!!¨¾æ EO+Ô,]04X14 841XLLZDwÅ÷á²~~Z%°Uóó'!LZDw'¼p}ó'%"0î GOEZ³F,¹QgŠzyÔ 941X™401цZÔÆ*yLLgzòÔ$‹fõ
EIZzgZDwóóÆ´z{·Ñp’Å"LL$‹fõEIZDw 051X
ZkÅ Goethe, Iqbal and the Orient ÅÃ~óóZzg·Z™Zx,ðÅÂ[ÆÄZy (Iqbal and Goethe) ¼VB÷XZ™Zx,ðäZq-?Â[
Ð%"ìGOEÅìT~Zkñçq6,Š±VâCÙ#èGELZDwÆp}÷áï÷X'Zzg Gabriel,s Wing }Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ³m,Z£ÅLLZDw5úóóDZ+%~\)ÿ
IÅ 151X
ßk³e$4-÷GGEÅLL¡¾æ E
LZDw»¬gsóóŠZ$øEI
Lq¢sƒZºZ„&"$6,„z"$�Ûzlz"$¤/Z„)!*!*ñõZðDZuZ§pŠ~(X 251XÔ ±ZƒŠZ$ø
EILq¢Ð!*ƒV~&ā~ZkMv~eZÑŠHƒV!5ÿ
IL2ð!)!*Áƒs 351X
™29(Š§—§g‚ª$ó[åD:p!*h+™Š 451XZDwÔ‰W~™Kõ]Ô!LL×zÃóó'¢ZÍwÔÑg{1Ô9791Y 551X
Iqbal, Essays and Studies Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔŠâp 651X/'/'/
092
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
))))[[[[((((ZZZZDDDDwwwwZZZZzzzzggggyyyy~~~~„„„„�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~˜÷āZDwägZâôÆ�ÃuZ;ìZzgtÌÉ
Šc*ìā¸ZsxìXZ,VäƒleÑÂÎZògZx¾BZzgÎZòŠzk#ÔZgÈzlZzgZyЬgZzgZxñ‚gZñÅx]Zzg'ÓÇ0+SŬK
,мÅg~Zzg¼)Åg~îg6,ZW,1Xf[Æà:äÌZyÆZ0+gZkZˆkÃfh™›Šc*åāŠ*yz*yÅgzqãZzgZܹŠgc*©
ZkЊz 1 Zzgx]5ZK+MÅðzyÆaÃð©à'7‰X',k¬~**BMiZŠä–åāZDwÅ,Åyzú~ZsòÆ‚B„‚BŠ*yz*ã,Ôf!,Zzgâg¾ZzgZx»].1CâŠ~ÂÄ„
Zq-Zzg£x6,ìwªCÙHìāZDwÅQ&4hå FELIMÆ�Æ‚B 2 Ì÷áïìXëM°6,»xHYñÂ^�ç ILZDwÆ!uZVÆ!*g}~Zq-*!*[
\g}Ñwg@ÆÎÐiZZ+,]6,ŒÂa 3 øg}‚tMñÇX»ÑÔ–wZyÆÔtŠ3**ìāZDw»LL‚¹**)óóyz*y (Living Tradition)
Å4+ZŠ!gzZe$ÅgzbÆ_.ìXZke~z{˜÷:"I have made an attempt to prove that the Saqinama is an
interpretative verse translation of the Bhagavadgita, the
greatethicalproductofIndian philosophy,the poem that
symbolizes mostty pically Indian approach and ideal."4
Íc*ZDwÅÄLL‚¹**)óó(£½ð EMMYM]µ45é YLGGÅ@*zs»÷á²Z:F,ÀìXeZË@*gZ`g2Ïä–ìāLL^�ç ILZDw~yzÁÜ(,~΄z÷á-Ð
ZkÐQQMgZŠzu}yzZ3ÿXL¯ä̪CÙÅ 5 ÈñƒñX÷Xóó÷X
M�Y{»gzZãä,pŠ~Æ$ó~.~ŒÛMy™*е(£½ð EMMYM]µ45é YLGG
»f™HìXMÃtÃy~äZDwÆ„~uZV~LLzh+Z-$óó»f™÷áïH192
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ìXeZËg=i™c*˜÷āLLZDwä©]7,S¶Zzg1~™×Æ�Ä¿¼MÐ^™ 6 ~i',Š„Špgnp¸Xz{zh+zVÐÌZÏŠgOW,¸Xóó
–ìāZDwäÎZògZx¾BÅi',Š„°pÅìXŽk,zVÐ7 zh+zVÆZuZg¢ƒD÷ZzgZyZuZgÐZDwÆ¡Òiªî EE
0pŠ~Ã�Ûzr5XLLZDwZzgò¬óó~¡@',ãä–åāLLZDw(£½ð EMMYM]µ45é YLGGÆ¡Òiªî EE
0¿Ð¹OW,¸X1~MÓ)pŠ~(ÃÑÃ㹊HìZzg¿ÃbZzwZÅÑvÆ%i0+Ï»ZdF,+·Z7Cc*ì'ZDwÆ¡Òiªî EE
0¿Æ™ŠZgÅú',ãäzh+zVÔZ«zVÔ&åEN|#ÖÔ 8 ~(£½ð EMMYM]µ45é YLGG»ZW,»g�ÛâÃM@*ìXóó
Ǿ~Ô½F,~CÙ~ZzgÎZògZx¾BÆZW,Z]»Ìf™HìXLL&Bï NEOèzíZDwóó~ZyZW,Z]ÃZq-Zµ!*[~LLyz*ã„z�»ZW,óóÆ�ÒyHìX
6,zWMwZ£uzg˜÷āLL!*ÁƒsÅaªzgtQbe„½F,~CÙ~ÆZkÄ6,Ã7,Cì:
YwÅ#-ö FGOЖYì‹}»®!%›**ŠZV6,¯x3,xz**iu"ZW,!
ZkÄÆ‚BŠz!*'c*ŠMYC÷XZq-CÙð34ø XGÅTä¹åāZDw&ZvV»�Ûâ3,zZìXZq-yz*ã„»ÔŠzu}-g8„»ZzgQZsò„»XOç«Z¿Å�Ûâ3,zZð»to]ìX½F,~CÙ~ÔÍ?$+|Ôzh+Z-$Ô
ä(Herman Hess) CÙð34ø XG 9 Ǿ~ÔZDwÆ;VZyƒ»@MìXóóLLYzh+**)óóÆðF,3ÆŠâd~ZDwÃ&ZvV»�Ûâ3,zZ–ìXMwZ£uzgäZkbÃ!*g!*gÒyHìZzg&„~ŠJgzVÅMölС¾æE
LZDwÅú»@*W,Q¸gZìÔZ¤/pz{ZDwÆ;VZsò„Å%œ/~ZÌÆ̇b÷XZq-£x6,˜÷āLLZDw„Å&ZvV»xZyìÔy~Ôf!ZzgZsòXšµZsò„Å%œ/~ZÌì1„ÆZkfg~y~Zzg
292
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
01 f!Z°gT§bãï‰÷Zy»Z‹Zs¬x7ìXóó2
X™xÈDÅMgZZz6,Šg`ƒð÷Zy~�ÛZtZzgg2ÏÆ´z{Ãð#³èZDw7ìZ%ZÒe$Ë:ËÅ»DgìXyz*y~ZDwÅ=qÅgZ{~g»zIVÊzg™äÅ{§t¢zg~ŒŠHāLL^�ç ILZDw»
11 yz*ã:©óóúc*VHYñXZk»x»M¸i6,zW~**BMiZŠäHXZyÅÃÒ({�6,FFZzg(,~uJ-áZiy¶XtÌ¢zg~ŒŠHāZDw»g${ð
GOg0*ÎyÐ{HYñÔOçMwZ£uzgZzg¡@',ãÉy~¸rZzgò¬Ã�ÛzrŠ¶zZá|Z]äZk»x»*.çELGHZQVc*XZ\kìāZ|[Z£Z»g~‰xZDwÙkÌZkgz~ˉXz{˜÷ā:
LLZDwÅ÷á²~Æe~yz*ãZŠ'V»gÍtc*Âç0+Z:g;ìc*u6,*:X‰ßÍVÆ4,Šq-ZyÅ÷á²~ZkaŠgpg
Z²7ìāz{’q-è0*ÎyÆ:Üs!í&åGLOÉ!í‹Ô21 ŠgMVqÅ5ÂîGZyÅ÷á²~6,ZkÃbÅg^J-77,~ìXóó
6,zW~MiZŠäyz*yÆaZDwÃÆŒÛZgŠ¶ÆaZzgèÃg{"p!í�ÐZKZDwÙÏÃMߊ{ 31 Šzu~ãCŠzVŶK0+„ÅX
ƒä:Šc*XZ|[Z£Z»g~äÔZ%Š6gÏZzgP]Ðt|QY¤/ÅāZDwÅ„~Z‚kŒÛMÈœìXy~¸x6,2VÆaZq-XZDw»${ðG
O§råXZDwÆZsò${ðG
O§rÐZïgõwåOçMwZ£uzgÔÕ1~ZzgŠzuzVäZDwÆ߃ä»Z´y™Šc*X,ƒXgx~ÒyňìX
�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~äZ·ZŃäÆ!*z�Šyz#ÖÅ0*‡Zg~ÅìZzgZоe$Š¶Æaà:ZzgZDw»–gZ1ìXt0*‡Zg~ZyÆ
392
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
Z·ZÅ!í�ЃŠxìXZLZÏ*yLLZDwÐ0plxVóó~�ÛZt˜÷āLLyz„c*]Ô|ð„c*]Ô&åEN™iïH„c*]c*Zsò„c*]Ð
�ÛZtätÐ!*]Ìè 41 P™{)bÆEx¹MÐ(,|`÷XóóìāLLZ•ðŠâ©gc*qÆ!*z�Št|ZDwÆA77,~āyz„c*]
Zq-ZzgÐ 51 c*yzŠOxËÓ#ÖÇì™äÆaaZ„7ƒñ¸Xóó!*]�ÛZtätèìāLL'ÓÇ0+SäZgÂVÃZy»Y,£xŠ¶Æa
ÎZwtìāZgÂVÃY,£xŠ¶Æ 61 yz÷á,zV»!*Ç–gZ71XóóaÃð'ÓyzŠOxÅËèIÂ[»–gZùáYì?§vzh+Ðá™
OçZgÂVÃyzŠOxÅ¥z 71 (£½ð EMMYM]µ45é YLGGJ-~#ZqÐiÃD�ÛZëHŠHìXÐY,£xŠÑ**õwìXZkÑÆaf[Æ/g~§jÔZq-uJ-Ô»g¤/ƒMh÷XZÏa�ÛZt˜÷āLLyz*yäf!/g~MŠgØV
Zzg§hVÃZC1XtMŠglZzg§jZ,÷�ZKã)zZ]Zzgzu‹ZK+Mt™sZ‹ZsìZk!*]»āyzŠOxZKã)zZ]Zzgzu‹ZK+M 81 6,FF÷Xóó
6,FF7ìXÂHÃZ+{LLŠ*yz*yÅgzqãZzgZܹŠgc*:VZzgx]óó»q5ZK+MÅðzyÆa�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~ä)©à'ŒÛZgŠc*ìX
ZDw˜V½F,~CÙ~Zzg1ÐZ.Š{™D÷z÷yzŠOxÆfZ]0*]Æo}ÃÕ»¶KyÌ${ð
GOg™D÷ZzgÇŠgŠq~ÐZgÂV
Æ‚B',CYäzZà**Z»°ZzgZyƧ6,ZÖ§Z\k™D÷:LLM{!^ðINšgÆ|tìā 91 ayz*V§{:ì&Šg›ZKãÐZk»Šw[:ìXóó
Z#J-yzŠOxi0+{ìØŠgzVZzg',6.3ð XEV~çÑC)zZ]zZpé]»ªx**eìX¸zzìāyzŠOxÆ„~ŠJg}»‘Õä O)ZDwÔ)æzoÔílx7™MhX½F,~CÙ~»¸wìāLLtZ•MßжƒñŠ-~Š-@*(,}
CÙ}.Zz0+"$ì&Âh** ZDw‰ñuÆ4,Šq-}.ZÆ´z{ 02 Þât÷Xóó
492
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
˜VJ-yzŠOxÆ� 12 ¢zg~ìXZ¹LLwxÆÎo]óóÌGš÷XÂxÓ#Öƪx»mìZDwÃZkK~LLZ•ðŠâ©gc*qóóÅH¢zg]¶XZ,Vä8‹0î E
E0Z[M!*Š~�NQY¤/Hìz{tìā�{yz*yÅy~¸ògc*„~Zsx»Z½¦(ÏÂx',zñ»g7MYT»%œ/~
ZvÅxZ㻪xìXZDwÆ4,Šq-›y0*È÷āZvÅxZã‡ì²:æOe$Ô 22 ™,Xzg]ŠvZKâV6,ZKâVÅxZãCKÃÀŠîìX
)zZ]ZzgZpé]ÜZKãZŠZg»�Ûzr&½0î EG0©ZzgZÎÒ·å~āìX™xÈDY…÷āyz#ÖÔ&åEN|#ÖZzg|á6,ZÇf$èZ<Ø÷Zzg
Z½¦(ÏÂx (Nation state) Z½¦(ÏÂxÐ[:÷XLL¸~gc*„óóìpZ{uâtŠZgZ:/ge$Å~ƒc*úZòM%e$Åßg]~pZkÅ2wâŠ"ìGOGì²ZsxâŠ~z‚bлx©8ìZÐ2w7¯@*XZDwZÏ
Oç˜V�ÛZtŠ*yz*y 32 aë÷ā:�Û8-йMÐì2ÁñðXÅgzqãzZܹŠgc*:VZzgx]Å(f!/g~MŠgØVZzg§hVÆ
ZCäÅ!*]™D÷z;VZDwZsò/ge$ƪxÛâV»!Š+
÷LÃŒÛZgŠï÷X
g2Ï»tÒyāLLÄZDw~yzÁÜ(,~΄z÷á-ÐÈñƒñX÷XóóZyÆZLˆÆ!í�ÐgœƒY@*ìXZKÂ[
~Z,Vät]–ì: (Iqbal in Final Countdown)"He has paid no attention to Indian schools of thoughts."24
tÜô§ŠÒãìZzgdÆOñ!3š{5é GOE:gÍbÅqïìXZDw6,tZ²ZxeZË\CåFZ#0ä¬Z+HåāLLZ,Vä:ÂyzŠZøÃŒZzg:KÅ
9!*]tìā–weZËYzh+ZDwLLZ,Väyzè<ØÔ, 52 ÃÒÅXóóZDwäZôm,~F,ZWÆ 62 ZzgZŠ[ÃKÅ{§©]ÐÙ‚ðaZÅXóó
592
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
fg)Ìyz„c*]ÃKÅÃÒÅX½F,~CÙ~Ưx»�Zôm,~F,ÀZDwZDwä 72 Æ_¬~g;z{–w/@Q~LL6,z>ØÍ8**B»åXóó
lzg½7g~ZKã„ÅYyÎÅZzg�$¹é EL]èŠZøZyÆz].ZÈ|Æ_.¸c*ÁZiÁZkЃŠx7¸ZzgZDwûgMæ¥xƒñÔZ¹¯ÄZDw~(ïXt!*]yz„c*]ÆK~ÌŠg„ìX¡@',ãÅtgZñß7āZDw1ÆZk!í�ÐOW,÷āgzbÑÃãìZzg¿
ZdF,+·Z7ì'OçZDwäLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÆŠâd~u~™×ìpZy Åi',Š„dÅìXZkuJ-eZËg=i™c*ÅgZñÌß7
¡ÒiªîEE
0pŠ~à »t!í�$zgìāÎZògZxÆÒy™Š{ZuZgèzh+ÐZDwÆ82 �Ûzr5XÎZògZx¾B»LLÔ�»™ÖóóZzgLL"$è�ÃÂhäóó»¥DyX
${ðG
O§pŠ~ÅúÆz‰Ü¢~î G0âè0[åX˜VJ-gzbÅ’Zzg4z¿Å
S»mìZkK~1ÐOW,ƒ**Zzgu~™×ÅdZq-!*]ìZzg${ðG
O§pŠ~~(£½ð EMMYM]µ45é YLGGÅzŠZg~Zq-ZµçnìXŒÛMÈœ~ZKã’»f™!*g!*gMc*ìZzg4z¿ÅSÌ!*g!*gňìXZuZ§pŠ~ÆŠâd~ÌZDwäZsò’q-ÃLL.e$i',Š„�Ä¿óó¹ìXZkaZDwäu~™×Zzgu~gZxâ`Å�dÅìZÐZyÆMùf‚ÆÚø~Š9ec:ā${ð
GO§pŠ~Æâ~.Æîg6,XZÏÚø~½F,~CÙ~Æ�Ä¿Zzg
$¹é EL‹ŠZøÃÌŠÚÅ¢zg]ìX\g}Ñwg@ÅÂí]ZK(p4z¿ÅZsòx]ÃÌÃ~g¢zg~ìX1ägG+MÆ',@¿Zzg].z4ŽŠ~ìX
ZDwäZkÅŠgÅZzg1ÐZ.Š{ÌHp1ÐZy»LLo]»góóX³m,Z£ä 03 ZDwÅÃ1ÆÕ÷Zzg§Š6,̶ 92 ‡ì7ìX
Òö³ØùmøçûÝõâöçøÊôoû�øªáõ Z,VäÌ 13 LL‚¹**)óó»g¡¾æE
L',}VÐ�hZìX
692
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÃÃZ0+ZiHìTÆ&4øFGILÃZDwä¹ìLLāCÙ9ì@*i{÷áÈz�Šóó'
6,zW~**BMiZŠä9–ìāLLZDwäZ¤/æ¹Zzgf!!¨¾æ EO+ÆìÑ]ÃZCc*ìÂZÏuJ-TuJ-z{Z¹‡&ÿELJw¸XZkuÆZ,V
1ƧŠZzg',}VÆ!Zg»Å"Ñe$ 23 äZCgZ3ZµZ(gHXóó6,ZDwÅWÐ̸ªCÙƒ@*ìXZDwÅÇZzg÷~o]»%œ/z"gÜsŒÛMÈœìÔZÏaŒÛMãù]„С¾æ E
LZDwÅúƒðìX�ç ILZDw»yz*ã:©Òy™äÆ!*z�Š~**BMiZŠäZkúc*V|»
Z‹ZszZ´y!*g!*gHìXZq-£x6,˜÷āLLZsxÂZDw»u8g*î FI0Z°gìZzgË**ŠÆate7ìāË!¨¾æ EO»mZkÆu8g*î FI0Z°gÐÂh
'×h+˜÷āLLf!c*yz*ã�Æ‚B!¨¾æ EOLZDwÆm6,gzÝ 33 nXóó43 eZ%ÐZk|6,Ãðws7āZDw»ãCŠ~u8g*î FI0Z°gZsxìXóó
&„~ZvVÐZDwÆ„~m6,!*g!*gizgŠ¶Æ!*z�ŠMwZ£uzguzgÆ 53 äÌtzŸs#!*g!*gÅìāLLZDwÆZ°g»u*ŒÛMyìXóó
–wLLZDwÅ„~zu]ìXZ¤/pZ,Väyz*ã�Ôf!Z°gZzgZÞ,œ~ÆZëÃc*]ÐzZãZW,JwH1ZyÅ„»u*ZsxZzgZkÅ
63 Z‚kŒÛMyìXóóyzxÉÔZDwÆ4,Šq-ÔætÅ…'×Z`¸~ic*Š{F,ZkË
ŧsâbƒNāZKãZ**¡Zq-�Ûd$èÇìZzgZk¡}ÃŒÐQ@*gŠ¶»**x�]ìXZ**Æ¡}Ðå3ÆaZq-„§&ìZzgz{
F,¿¿Æ´z{yzZܪ]»Ñf6jy»”wì 73 F,¿¿ìX²ZDwZCZ[)·Z7ÐzZA:Îî(Æ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷Zzg·Z7Æ”wÆa4z¿Ã**¦/k,B÷XZk¯6,ÔË-$IäyzZܪ]6,
83 WZzgZDwÅdÅìX
792
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
ZDwÐ0plxV!LLM`Àóó'Š‹ÔZDw�7791YÔ2LLZ°góó 1X™ZcÔâÞ8791YÔ,]02Ô12
ZDwZzgf!!¨¾æ EO+Ô,]9Ô461 2X3XÔŠâp Living Tradition Š&ÀŸ/õ GG: 4X
ZDwÅZgŠzÄzçwzg!*¦Ô!LLZDwZzgZgŠzÄóóÔ%"0î GOEMwZ£uzgÔ™111 5XZDw÷á²Zzg(„ŠZyÔ,]36Ô56 6X7XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG!ZDwZzgò¬Ô,]62@*13 8XŠZøzgZDwÔ,]872Ô691 9X01XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL^�ç ILZDw»yz*ã:©óóÔ!LLZDwZzgZk»Çóó 11X_Åœî0ZDwÆPUÔ™91 21X~**BMiZŠLLZDwÅ÷á²~~Z%°UóóÆi%æGLÄZy˜÷āLL~ZDw 31XÆ®ZzgÃbÃZµZµ™Æ7Š8ÔZDw»¾wtìāZkäZLÃb7HìZzg~ZÏ®Ãyz*yÅO»÷·&ƒVXóóLLZ°góó'™ZcÔâÞ8791Ô,])!*nKM(91Ô12X22Ô22 41X61X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ¡Òiªî EE0yÆãCŠ~${ð
GOgZ]ÔeZËM�ZDw{yÔ! 71X
LLZD1]óó�Ñðm4991YÔ,]92Ô13LLZ°góó'™ZcÔâÞ8791YÔ™12 81XN*7-D!*8-èŠgZ 91XLLZDwZzg½F,~CÙ~óóZi/@gç~!�â„ZgŠzÔÑg{4Ô7791YÔ™251 02XZDwë÷:H7Zzgçâ~»g§§]~&Æ÷“гZIwxÆÎo]! 12X)fztzØtD!*Áƒs(5±Ù:LLågZ{óó»È�LLāóóÆi%æGLÄZyìX2øDfsÄ: 22X
892
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
iâx»gZ¤/'׊zgÆ;ðV~ƒQH§$þGLÃ3½è XME~Ìz„.÷6,zm,~!
)!*ÁƒsÔ™26(øZ[ÉZjyÆZ°gD¢ƒæ 32XÂ[èÃgÔ™65 42X
'™06 Iqbal: The Poet and His Message 52Xi0+{¥zŠÔ™59 62X�â„ZgŠzÔÑg{4Ô7791YÔ™841 72XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL!*8-ŠgZóó~ZDwÅÄLLÎZògZx¾Bóó 82X~**BMiZŠÅøDfsgZñ™T$ì@*ëZ¤/z{LLo]óóÅ(ÃðŠzuZ 92X˜Âß.»Zky:gLX~**B˜÷:
LLu~™×Zzg1Æ‚B‘Õä O)ZDwÅo]»(,Z:L¸ìā1ägG+MÆÜsZzg].z4ŽŠ~ìXu~™×Æ!*g}~Z¤/pZDwäÄ~¼7¹p�~�¼–ìZkÐt™súc*Vì
āZDwu~™×Æ¡Òiªî EE04z¿Æ7g~§b‡b÷Xóó)ZDwZzg
f!!¨¾æ EO+:™42X0*zg¹(ZDwäZq-ñî6,¹āLL1~(,Z§ŠìX-VÌZkÆZÒ‰**³÷X 03X
}kBÅ’øÂìp‡âÈkB»}èÃg7óó')ZD1]±2+k,*i~Ô%"0î GOE†Zv÷á{;×Ô™54(³m,Z£˜÷ā',}VÆZyÓx${ð
GOgZ]ÃZDwäŒÛd$ŒÛd$+C4pî EEE�LL!*Áƒsóó 13X
ÆLL‚¹**)óó~™CÙZc*ìXZDwäi0+ÏZzgŠzgZy{Ø~z„gHgHì�',}VÆÂÄ„~ìZzg�Òw•§]ÃZg»ñ!»øuŒÛZgŠc*ìXóó)ZDw5úÔ™222(Zk£x6,gzòZzgZ#èEEL†tÆÃc*]Zg»ZzgZ#èEEL7Óå EMNzyÆ${ðG
O§@*gõÃÃ~gecXZDwZzgf!!¨¾æ EO+Ô™09 23XZDw¼p}ÔZ³F,¹ZgŠzyX,]401Ô111X211 33X43XŠZ›gZDwÔ,]441Ô511 53X63XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔŠâpš~LLZuZ§pŠ~óó˜!£Ñ‹ZDwÔ,]491Ô591 73X
992
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
LLZDwÔ÷á²Zzg(„ŠZyóóƬgs~Ë-$IäyzZܪ]Æ_. 83Xf6jyqÝ™äÆa%ZÕÉwŒÛZgŠc*ìZzgZk6,ZK**Ih+Ï»ZÖgHìXZyÆ4,Šq-Ãð(,~ðf6jyÐ7f6ZCZ[Ðz�Š~MCìX#ÅýLZDwƒäÆ!*z�ŠË-$I˜÷āLLeZËg=i™c*ÃtU*"$™äÅic*Š{„ìāZDwÃyz*yÐZâ„›¶Î›Z¹ZsxÆ‚B¶X÷}ìwÐZk!*]ÅÃð{mZÌ7ìX)y~x6,„›yŠZ›gzVÆaÅ+@î0„t!(ZÝZÌZk�x~ìāZKyÃecāZLZdF,+£xÆ”wÅ{§Ú].z4™@*gìZzg'[ŧbŠzuzVÐic*Š{—6,zZigìXóó¿Æ$©�î EG
0ÃÐZDw»Òy™Š{tNÑëÂzìāLLZ¤/è<Ø»°Š[»çVÃ7gZ™**ì)6ā~ŠÆgìVZzg\VäìwHì(ÂiâUqwÅS:]ÆZ±gÐZkÃÃZ0+Zi™ŠbecXóó
)kKMèZDw¯x{y*iZ−+{yó™42(
003
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
))))`((((››››„„„„ZZZZzzzzgggg‘‘‘‘ÕÕÕÕääää OOOO))))ZZZZDDDDwwww
¸ZkÆāZDwÅ„~Z‚k»îçŒÛMÈœÅgzÝ~HYñ‰ßÒEVÔZ‹ZŸ]ZzgìwMgZÇV»f™ZzgZy»¿Y,{¢zg~ìXM¸iLLZ'wóóÆ**òZzgLLE+™{óóÆ%"ìGOEèZÍwñß~aZ−+%iZÅßÒãЙ**oƒ¥xƒ@*ìXLLE+™{óóÆló~z{˜÷āLL®Ð
LLZ'wóó�ZzgZk÷áyÐ�āÓxoÅÃ,"Z(gZkÅY+$Z(ôHN
I'ßv"Z(gZKgZ÷gh™ZÏÅgZ{Z(g™äÑ'eZËZDw»èI'Z+~êqw�¼‹ìZkÆ£«~Z[ZyÅÃgÏšc*V
„ ŠÙ÷ÂJª]ƒCìXLLZuZ§pŠ~óóZzgLLgñ¯6Š~óó°Z"LLZ'wóó1 ÅœZñ!*i‚÷Xóó
‘Õä O)ZDwZL¯[¯x±Ñy0+z~ñgQ01âÞ9191Y~�gDe$˜÷āLLñÑ**Z1Zæx»E+™{M\ÅÃЦ/gZƒÇX¹ŠNÂ[ìÔ1Šâp~ñß~aZ−+Z£˜÷āZDwÅšc*V’q-èZ'w„ÅMzZi!*i‚÷X÷áh+ZyÃt¥x7ā�ìÑ]~äZyš-V~ªCÙK÷ZyÃ',Z',7091YЪCÙ™g;ƒVÔZkÆØZ@÷~,·’k,,Äz�ÔZôm,~zZgŠzñ�Š÷Ô�¸„ñß~™r#Æ7Ã:‰'÷}Šw~ñÑ**Z1ZæxMiZŠÅ(,~³]ìZzgZyÅ’q-ÐgŠ~Ô1Ë’q-Å
2 zw(,JäÆat¢zg~7āZzgzVÅŠwMiZg~ÅYñXóóZ1Zæx‘Õä O)ZDwÅDe$ÐMÇ{ƒñÂÑy0+z~Ã�Z6–ā
LLeZËZDw»“{"Y7Xt.e$„½Zzg%!*]ìā#Vä#V!*]#VÆZW,ÐèZzg#VÆìw~-Vp~ƒðpßÍV»eUø!*'÷ÂHHYñXóóZk§bZ1Zæxäñß~aZ−+ÆÒyÅF,Šh+
103
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
™Š~pZL�Z[ÆMy~˜÷āLL¯tìāZk%ûZ#z{HÆñî6,MñZzg~ä7YāZDwÅÚM\äYðp~¥xÅÂpŠ÷}„Zq-w»jZ!Šc*�L¹åqÑè~ät�!*]½¶z{Üst¶āZDw¬M`ÀƬãZÜk${ð
GOs~2¸XZ[ZyÆìÑ]Zk
§sÐ?؉ZzgŠzâVš-V~�!*]ªCÙ™**eT÷z{z„ì�~3 åqg;ƒVXóó�LL½óóZzgLL%óó!*]–wZ1ZæxÔñß~aZ−+äèÔZk»Zg‚[Ô
!*0+Z¯Š¤/ÔpŠZ,VäÌHX-g\YäЬZDw¬ãZÜk${ðG
Os~2¸X81BZÆ',5091YÉ`Б‰ZDwÆâ¯xpZzŒÂòÐ¥xƒ@*ìāZDwgzZî${ð
GOsZzgzu]Zß�ŠÅYyœŒÛMyÅgzÝ~™**
ŒVÐZyÆ—»M¸iƒŠHXZ¤/pZkƈªx-g\Æ 4 eT÷X�¾qw 5 ŠzgZyZDwʼnàâ]ÐLLzu‹8jèELz�Šóó»ZÖgƒ@*ìX
¬ãZÜkÅRЗF,ìpZkƈzu]Zß�Š~${ðG
OsÅ×e$¯ÄZDw~Š3ð7ŠîX5091Y~Z1Zæx,{',kƸZzgZyÅÃðcāMgZ’k,c*Â[‚t7Mð¶�¡¾æ E
LZDw~p~»!*)0$ËXLLZ'wóóÆK~Šzu}Z3ÿXL¯äÌZÖgìwHìZzgPœj
ÃÂñß~aZ−+„ŧbZDwÅV~LLZ'wóóÅLLœZñ!*i‚óóZkçA»Y,{BÂßg‹qw',@Š3ðŠîìXTçw 6 ‹ðŠ~ìX
ÐZDwÅ„~p~ÅÂ}ƒCìz{âga7091Y~LL&yóó~÷áùƒðZkЬZDwy~rÃF,u™ÆZsòrƆ0` 7 ¶XLLƒÒ0îE0Z¥/|»ÒÆ**xóó�y7091YÔLLr¨Ò0î G
GóóZ~8091YZzgLL\xGóó 8 ¸XLL†ZØŠgÆ**xóóŠc8091Y~LL&yóó~÷áù 9 ZÆ',8091YÅ>÷X
LLzƒ43ïEGGóóZzgLLF,ZUçóó0191YÅàâ]÷X1191YÆZzZb~ZDw 01 ƒðX
203
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
äLL8‹0î EE0Z¥/|óó7HXLLÓz÷á²óóÆÄZyÆ‚B�Ûzg~2191YÅ@*gõŠg`ìXZkЬLL“{óó'LLæ[/�Z**ÈZsxóóZzgLL•çEOÒØZwc*hÁÏóóðƒ_‰XZsò„ÆZkuâñ»Mz!3�ç EEL¬x6,Mäƈ�y
11 2191Y~„ÐLLZ'wóóYg~ƒZX6,zWY',Z±äZL*yLLšc*‹ZDwZzgZ'wóó˜!
LLZDwZq-_·óó~Z1ZæxMiZŠÔLLE+™{óóÆ%"ìGOEèZÍwñß~aZ−+Zzg%"ìGOEèŠzxâ´gZxÅÔZyÅßÒEV6,Ôp[¸àìXZ,VätÎZwÌQVc*ìāLLHÃðâ´gZxLLZ'wóóÆËZŠZgbÅàxÃgÏLLZuZgóóc*LLgñióóÆË!*[ÃIZnÇ?óópY',Z¯ÄZDwÅiâãF,KMZzgZD1]6,ZhÃ:ƒäÆ!*)pŠÌß.ZzgßÒã»Dgƒñ÷XZy»!í�
ZyÅgZñ 21 tìāLLZuZ§pŠ~óó»P¢o/õEIHZzgigā)Å„(ÐQVc*ŠHìX
ìāLLågZ{¸„4191YÅqìXZkƯgUˆš~ZuZ§pŠ~»ezweZÑZDw6,QVäzZßVÅt"~Z\k**uìX6,zWY',Z± 31 ŠHXóó
41 äZ~Z*Ã7Åc*Š@*i{™Š~ìX2
ZDwÆ„~$ó~.ÆK~Z®s@qàÔZºZ[M!*Š~Ô±Z£{yZzg%iZÆ**xÌZÒa‰÷XMwZ£uzg÷āLLZDwŠgZÝu±’q-
eZËYzh+ZDw 51 ÅaZzZg÷Xóó2LLu±Zzgqà:ƒDÂZDwÌ:ƒDXóó[Z−+‡Šg~izgä 61 ˜÷āLLZDwu±Æ$»40î GE0„Ðmgnp¸Xóó
–ìāLLz{qàЛâVÆñ�Š{rT$ÃÒy™**FìZzgZºÐŠ*gzZc*‹ZsòÃ:ghäZzg5�d$õKÆìÑ]Z~.™@*ìXZº�d$èâÆ#³ÔqàZkÆ#³7XZDwäZq-!*]qàÐàZzg
Õ1~˜÷LLs79Ÿ/õ FGÂZDwÆf‚»ªzg¸ 71 Zq-ZºÐXóó
303
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
81 å:ā"54fõ EGHIZzggzòXóó
tMgZ2Ÿ:7÷XœZ‰ÜÆKÐ{àÌ7÷XZyÐptMgZ7g~|ÅMsŠZg 91 MgZŠzu}Z3ÿXL¯äÌ7Å÷X QQ
7÷Zzg:ZDwÆÇz].ZyJ-î~7g~¦{úð™C÷XZDwÆ_·zZ.Š{ZzgZW,5+k,~ÅuzŠu±Æ$»40î GE0„J-özŠÌ7÷XZDwä
Zsò@*gõÆ9fÔÛÔÄZZzgß5ÆZW,Z]JwK÷X)wZ−+Zjã@*ë 02 ÅgZñu±Æ!*g}~Zh7¶Xz{u±Ãâœ{6,„B¸X
ZDwZjãÐÌOW,ƒñZzgLLYzh+**)óó~±Z£ÅOñ)wZ−+ZjãÃ(Š~'ZkÐsÃZjãÆ!*g}~ZDwÅgZñt¶āLLiâUqw~÷}4,Šq-Z¤/Ãð¿ëŠBä»�ìÂz{Üs)wZ−+ZjãìXzZk,ZyzF,ÅzyÆ›âVÅ@*gõZ#Ãð‘ÇÂZЃЬ
LLYzh+**)óó~ 12 †Zß;[¦~Zzgˆ~)wZ−+Zjã»f™™**ƒÇXóóÄJ0*÷áó7ÕäO`Ô¸Ô±ZZãÔ5¤CÙ"ò~ÔZ$+ZàZzgÎyLÅñ�ŠÏZDwÆ@*W,Z]zÚøZ]Å1ìXÎyLÃLZÈ›»Zâx¹
22 ìZzgãÆ™ŠZgÐZK\.üI
L„ðŠ~ìXZDw÷á{zàZvZzg�Z£uy~Æu⛄ÆzZg_÷'Z#èEEL7Óå EMNzyÔ
Z#èEELŠÔZzãÔZ»ZàÔZ#èEEL#ÔZ0†tZzgŠzu}¼ŠfzÛÐÌZ.Š{HìXqƒÔ‹ðÔ«gÔZ÷ÆzÔ²°Ôn~Ô!*!*¤CÙ²c*VÔÄ~Ô²Z¹ÔYò
42 ñÑ**gzòÆ‘Õä O)ZDw6%h+÷X 32 ZzgËwÐÌZDwOW,ƒñXu±].h+ÅZzggzòŠ*Å´#Ö÷pZDw»${ð
GO§iâyZ¹âèÔqwZzg
wÆ{âV~qW7ŠêZzgz{ËZq-„~’q-J-pŠÃözŠ7™DXZDwÅ„~úÆz‰Ü].h+ZzgŠ*ÅMzm,l²z`6,¶XtMzm,l
ZÌYg~ìXu±äf[ÆÂĽÃ�ÛzrŠc*Xz{f!�d$Æ
403
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
)æzoqò̸XZDwä8‹0î EE0Z¥/|)1191Y(~ŠzâVgÍ-V6,WÅZzg
u±].h+ƲZºŠ*Æqò¸X 52 ZkK~ZºZ[M!*Š~ÅdÅXZDwär].h+zŠ*ÃÁÃ~ŒÛZgŠc*XZ,VäÂZiyÅgZ{Z(gÅXz{:u±Å§bf!�d$ЊgƒñZzg:ZºÅ§bf[ÅCÙqÃ@½W¯c*XZDwf[ƹ(,}**Š÷@*ëZkÅpçVÅdÌÅìXtIāu±Zzgqà:ƒDÂZDwÌ:ƒDÔMZò[ÆÚøZ]»bz~ZzgÒZÖgìXz].Zyz¢»�u*gzòÔZ#èEEL7Óå EMNzyÔ�Z£uy~Ô÷á{zàZv
Zzg)wZ−+ZjãÃ!3~î E0áŠ6,Ñ@*ìz„‘Õä O)ZDwÅz].Zãz„~u—-V»ŸðìX
ZDwÅ„~Z‚k»îç™äÆaZyfgZùZzgñZµ6,ó{eZÜ¢zg~ì�Šg]»¾÷Zzg2VäZDwÃZDw“W~把~XZDwTTâjwЦ/g}Zzg��qÑ]zZu]ZyÅ„~úÆŠzgZygzúƒñÔZ¹ÌÃ~gecXƒÐ¢zg~!*]tìāZDwÆÅgzZ‹yªz].Zy»uZrÎc*YñXtz].ZyZq-zu]Zzg=Å~ìXZÏ
z].ZyÅgzÝ~ZDwf[zætÆ„~gD**]ZzgŠ*z].h+„~ÂñVÃ6,np÷XZÏz].Zy~tgZiāìāZDwäzmrZzgzu]Zß�ŠÆ${ðG
OgZ]YVF,u™ŠbXqƒZzgZ0²!ÐZ.Š}Æ!*z�ŠZyÅ#¿YVÅ?Zϧbf!ŠZøÐnƒäÆ!*z�ŠZбZ[YVŒÛZgŠc*?f[Ô${ð
GOsÔ/ge$ZzgZ·ZKÆK~Zy»gÍtæz¤/m,»
qïYVì?Z#ëZDwÆÇz].ZyJ-g‚ðqÝ™fe÷Â:ÜsZy)b»zZãiøg}‚tMY@*ìÉ‘Õä O)ZDwÅ„~Z‚k»çzZã›ëzØZ@ÅgzÝ~eƒY@*ìX
503
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
3ZDwZq-›yyZä~aZƒñZzggzZî›yçÑ}~6,zZymñXzZ−+ŠgZg¸XzZ−ß°O̸X(È^~Z¹±÷Œ‰85å EGOZzgzWZ‹¬ÝZzg²!zÃgÏZŠÒ]6,Š,kgppzZáQ*ŠÐÔZq-²áJ-ÔZ.Š}»ñµ5XуgÆx²zVäZDwÅ÷á²~ÃÅc*XZyÅ¢zg]7g~ƒäƈx²}ȃ‰ZzgLL&yóóYg~ƒŠHT~¯ÄZDw÷áùƒ@*åXZkÐZ¹yz*y�à]q݃ðXi!*yzÒy6,
Z‹ZŸ]zIt#ÆeäZ¹®ÆZuZgK~把~X6,zWMg&Óå EH
Ð�ÅäZDw6,f!„»ŠgzZHZzg-g\Æ�‚!ªxÆŠzgZyZ,Väf!ŠZøZzg�d$Ð÷~zZ/qÝÅXZÏŠzgZyZDw„~Zz[ЊzegƒñTÅ9ƒZDwÆz].ZyJ-î~把}$ËìX
5091YJ-ÔP',ÎVÆŠzgZyÔZDwäZsxÐzZÕgppÆ!*z�Š‰Z+>½‰�y~rÅMsŠZgZzgZkÆ�Ûzr»!*)‰X
»${ðG
Ogf[~6,zZymJZzgZ[ögZòZ߉ÜåX (Nationalism) zmr5091Y~Ñge™iyäÔZOòãCŠ6,ÔXwÄ™Ææ¹XwZzgM‚x»Zq-ß/¯Šc*˜V›yZÒe$~¸XXàyzîVä›âVÃZLZOŠ~Ô(ÏZzg')å GOãjÐä3ƒñŠ¬ÂZî�(,}(,}HāÎV
Æfg)$©o-êGG
GLXwÆÜs’q-Ñzq™Š~XŠc¤/Š~»ÑzZY^7,ZZzgLLF,ZUy~óóZzgLL*ØZ!óó™zZáZDwÅM@ 62 ZÐÀyX¯Šc*ŠHX
ÁIXŠzu~§s-g8ßZÆ_¬ÐZDwZkË6,ãā-g8ZZxÔŠ*ñZsx~zm¸rÃ�ÛzrŠ}™Q!ï OGL0Æ•}•}™**eS÷XZDw~Zsò8ø Lñ�Š¶Xz{ÑgÐ>0ˆXyzîVZzg�ÛRVÅ›Š#äZDwÆZ0+gÆ›yÃËZg™Šc*Xçz¬@ÚøZ]~
603
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Zsò›ëäZDwÅM@ÅwŠ,ZzgJgÃ!3ðEOg™Šc*Xª"ìENGT6,ZDwä¢[»g~Î**ÑzqÅz{zm¸r»åT»Zq-1y~¸r¶X
Z,Vä6091YÆZzZyc*7091YÆZzZb~¹:3,ZÑ‚g}˜VÐZkò[Æzgä¯c*
72 ¯øg}y§$Òï OGÅZ�›zí7ìZzg¢„z{çw½T6,LLâga7091YóóŠg`ìXy~x6,„Zzgf!${ð
GOgr»‘Ðê M',ŠZgZDwZ[Zsò¶Kè0U*6»!¨¾æ EO÷á²0[åXZDw»
gœè¿àz‰ÜyzîVZzg�ÛRVÆÜsåX$Òï OGèZsðÅËZg~Zy»!Š+
÷LÃ0¶XLLZuZgzgñióóЬLLÓZzg÷á²óóZzgLL�Zƒ“{óóÜVÐ
ZDwä:Üs›âVÃfªzpZg~»ZˆkŠÑc*ÉZkqªÐå3ÅD+ZÛÌzZãXXLL�Zƒ“{óóÆÜsZq-ÄÐZDwÆz].ZyJ-g‚ð
eìXZDwZvÅi!*yÐZssų]Zzgñ�Š{›âVÅpZg~ÅŠZ*yŠzúV~Zk§bÒy™D÷:
z{iâä~di›Vƒ™&Zzg?pZgƒñ@*g¿ŒÛMVƒ™t›yƒ**„${ð
GO§pŠ~ìXL�Zƒ“{ó'LÓZzg÷á²ó'ZzgLƒ»Zsxó
»CÙÄZDwÆÅgzZ‹yŶK0+„™@*ì:M`̃�',Z�ð»ZZVaZ&Mv™$ËìZ0+ZiIVaZÅ·åÐzÃÂäÂë¾}÷&t˜VqìHßbz¾}÷‘¤/m,ZVƒÏMyāÒpgæÐ&tm©gƒÇ$™*î EE
0©Ц"5å EEL²zµÑ!ìpÈ®¾Z&¾~Ú',Z½ìzg˜V$ðGNìZ#ZkZógÒ{Å~ƒ@*ì>aZ&™©8ìt!*wz%æFLgzbZÑ~aZ
4444ŒÛMÈœZzg·AZvmzÅÐZDw»ÎîzZŠâλ7å
703
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
SàZzgâλåXZDwÆzZ−+ŠgZg¸X±÷ŒZyÆQ*ŠŠgZg̸Zzg¬ÝŠ+ÌXtÌZq-(,Z:LìZDwÆZNŠZzg¢»X±~ZyÆzZ−äZ¹ÃŶāZ#?ŒÛMy7,ðÂtõāŒÛMy?6,QF,g;ìXZkÃäŒÛMyÃ',ZÓgZ„K~ZDwÅ(,~æŠÅXtÄZkŠ"ÆK~ì:
F,};?Z#J-:ƒ4,zÁÂ[82 ¤/{¤ì:gZi~:™8ïEL±héIOsóó
²!6,ZDwÅŠ,k¶ÔZkagZi~Zzg™8ïEL±héIOsÐZ.Š}Æ!*z�ŠZDwŒÛMȜÚzZôB¸ZzgZk6,g™D¸X9291Y~Z¥/|»ÒÆCÐæ[™DƒñZDwä¹āLL~¦/¸ä',kÐŒÛMyÑp»Ng_·™@*ƒVÔCÙgziz]™@*ƒVÔ1~ZÌtÌ7ÈY
ZŒ',k8‹0î EE0Z[M!*ŠÆŠzgZy¹āLL~ 92 āZkƼ”VÙŠHƒVXóó
äZKi0+Ï»9zZsxÔZkÆZ2ÔZkÆÂÄ(„ÔZkÅpÄÔZkÅ@*gõZzgZkÆZŠ[ÆZo_¬~wç MsHìXgz—ZsxÆ‚BZkøgZÆä6āz{z‰ÜÆ‚B‚BZL6,]¼gLìÔ~&ƒV
āZq-¬@|Æîg6,ZkÅZÌÆ!*g}~=Zq-§bÅù]03 «™Š~ìXóó6,zW~**BMiZŠäZDw»tÒyÜHìāLL÷~i0+Ï»9
zf!�Æ_¬~ÜsƒZìZzgt$©�î EG0ó{÷~¡]U*60ŠHìX
Åg~c*)Åg~îg6,~ZsxÆ›ëZzgœZ!V»_·ZÏ$©�î EG0ó{Ð
™@*ƒVXóóZzgZk6,izgŠc*ìāf!�Æ_¬ÐZDw»�iZz›ó{¯~**BMiZŠ»f‚Zk§sv7 13 ZÐZDwäZK¡‹U*6¹ìX
ƒZātiZz›ó{ZsxÆ›ëZzgœZ!VÅÂ}™@*ìXŠzu}/V~
803
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
“¸çLq¢Åf6z„~g‚ð˜VJ-ƒðìÔZkjZáÐZsxÆ›ëZzgœZ!V»ZÏspŠZDwäHX¸!*]eZËZuZgZ£äZk§bÒyÅì:
LL~äå¹ìZzgdzzZò]¹ìZzgM`QÈg;ƒVZzgeêÅa^Èg;ƒVā’<å XLq¢Æf6z„~øzszZjZw~ŒÛMÈœÅÑ»TŠgZÏsZDw6,ƒZÔZzgË6,7ƒZ'Zzgñ�Š{ŠzgÅZdF,+dz„~R6,ŒÛMyÆDzÕZzg@Ze$zcÄÅz�Zzg=ôz±ÅìÜs'Zzg
23 ÜsZDwäXóóZDw¬^þ
ILgÎwå÷Xz].ZÈZDw»tUÌ.e$@*¯uìX~ZkÄZyÆ�āpŠ~Gz›ÐLƒCìÔZDwë LLZuZ§pŠ~óó
÷ā:ŠgŠÁ›£Ä½åZ„&M',zñâi**ĽåZ„Xª½å»£x›yÆŠw~ìZzgZ4Æ**xÐøg~M',zìXLL\Äætóó~LL7¿óóÆi%æGLÄZy¹ì:
dz',ŠgÍŠZâÈQz„ CÙāG½å‚âÈQz„ÈtìāTÆ0*k»ƒg‚ª$ó[åÅ›»‚âyìdz',
ZkÆŠZðÆÍÚ~÷XLLgñi6Š~óó~LL²qÁ'ïggõZÉÒ›Ð)4èGEåóóÆ�Zkf™Æā—gåM\=÷}âV!*\Ðic*Š{8[÷ÔZDwë÷:
b¨¸÷i‡ây�Û8- „',âÈŠZ\È�Û8-Z†$k5é EIE‡O»p÷gZ fz¾h›{Z,æZ0+÷gZzgd−–.ç
EGLŒÛMVāZ„ ¤/ŠÝMs"�CÙZ„
"‚Zi1³0*±è NE%Z gz¯SpZgzgÎZ±è NE%Z!*›**VZ¤/h&Zx ¤/™§ZuZ§ŒÛMV^©0î EGZx
q-Š¬e$'×›%gx'Z„ Z}āZiZˆÈÂ**¾¾Z„
903
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ªLLZk¿ä¹āZDwë6,�ÛRV»Z\VY7-g;ìXZk»‚gZ¸‚i�Û8-»%ƒÈ4ìXZ,ßZ0+÷Ã�ZKOqÃÌ7T}Cð»fzt«ÙXZ¤/÷}Šw»Ms"�CÙìZzg÷}¯x~ŒÛMyÆ´z{¼ZzgāìÂ=ª#ÖÆgzigÎZ<ZzgZL1³0*Ðøzx™ŠØX
pZ¤/~äZK÷á²~~ŒÛMyÆñC6,zñ÷Zzg›âVÆ‚thÒyHìÂZ}z{fZ]¤/ZòTÆZˆyÐfg{Më[0Y@*ìÔ÷}aŠ¬�ÛâØXM\ÅZq-Š¬÷}7g}¯x»ZƒÇóó'÷~o]Æ(¬^þI
LgÎwåZDw»ZK8[F,+�Æ‚ttZÖgtËû}»Z`7X5555
ŒÛMyÅœZ‰Ü»÷ZÅgZDwÆZ‹y»%œ/~`ìXŒÛMyÅi^ÔZÎÒgÎwåìXT�6,ŒÛMy**iwƒZz„�}.ZÔgs™Zä»Z³Zi
gBbìXOçœZ‰Üz›ègÎwåÌz].ZyZDwÆZqt~**¦/k,îg6,ñ�ŠZDwäŒÛMyÅ{§ 33 ìZzgZk»ZÖg"éZÃgÅßg]~ƒZìX
ZDwäZ‹ZŸ]Zzg#¿Æ!*z�Š 43 ZLM!*ðgD**]ÆÜs˜ŠHXZy${ð
GOgZ]Ã�ÛzrŠc*�ŒÛMãx]»b¸X˜ŠZzg6,Š}Æ${ð
GOgZ]Zy
‘Ò0î EE0f[Æ!*)ZsòZ˜q]Hƒ_‰ÔZDwä 53 ~÷áï÷XstìāZÒ)›2¤»ZÝZ‹Zn„tìāZDw 63 Z¹z‡g«HX
ZDw°ZßZµ)wz°ÁŒÛMã»x@{ZL» 73 Å÷á²~6,Zsx»„ìXÅ÷ZÇVЙD÷Zzg–weZËZuZgZ£ZyÅw°ZßZµF,)yZÅMy
ŒÛMyzug$ÆÝlZzgZsòÚøZ]¯ÄZDw~ŠxŠx6, 83 ÅìXZDwZÒŒÛMã*yc*ËMe$ÆF,3ÃÄ~(~7™ 93 úc*V÷X
ZDwäƒÐic*Š{ŒÛMyÃ7,JìZzgƒÐic*Š{Z.Š{ 04 Šï÷XŒÛMyÐHìX$h½5ÿ
GIGL$Òï OGÆÁÜÔ©zg‚ªCñ÷ZzgpŠ~ÅãCŠ
013
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ñðÆ${ðG
OgÃZvÅÌ]Zzg,ègÎwåÅgzÝ 14 ŒÛMãMc*]6,g¿ìXZkK~ŸigÎßVÔ—gåÆ**ñgôçVZzgZ»',#èGELQ!ï OG 24 ~QY¤/HìX
ì ñ.ðZzg�Ûúy~x¹ˆlÅY$Ë 34 ÆÚøZ]ÐÌ»x1ìXāŠzâVZKy¸X@*ë�Ûúy"54fõ E
GHI»¯tZ²ì²|]ñ.ðZDw»%›ñð
ZzgŠzâVÆZÜtÔZz™sÔ™ŠZgZzg£œ~i}M�y»�ÛtìXZDwä44 Zk�ÛtÃLLÕè@óóZzgLLÕè�ÛúãóóÆ�zZãHìX
${ðG
O§Â©/Óxz¾wŒÛMÈœ~ÒyƒZìXz].ZÈZDw»"g¸Oç›yZDwÙÎVÆ´z{)› 54 ${ð
GOgì�pŠ~»aç OLÈVìX™xÈDäZk|Ť&zÂ}ÅìāZDwÅ„~Z‚kŒÛMy
ºm£œÆ�¡¾æ ELZDwûg 74 ZDw»ZCŠúò̸ìX 64 ìX
ŒÛZgŠc*ŠHXß.»DgZzgÁDZЃZŠïgìZzgZDwŠ7VäZÐ&½0î GG0¯x
¯1XeZË·g<Z−+Æ–wLLtßvZk!*]ÃÃZ0+Zi™YD÷āÓx¦:Z°gË:Ë${ð
GO§|ÆZbZzÁ܃D÷ÔZkÅ=ôZzg‚™D
÷ZzgZkÆ°æ YLŠZq-ÂÄÓ#Ö¯D÷XZDw»${ðG
O§|Zsx»7åENZìTÆaz{pŠ~¬ÝÅ‘:Z˜b»x~Ñ@*ìZzgf[~Zq-Ì…Z(7T»${ð
GOgè|Zsx»}.ZƒÔ®Ze„7āËf!œ»Ãð
eZËg<Z−+äÔZkÚø 84 ${ðG
OgZKZ-qª~ZDwÆ»xMnXóó~ÔZDwÅ„~Z‚k6,ró{eZàìZzgZБ:{q~Ð7HìX
ZyÐZ.Š{™DƒñfsÅTg~ZDwÆÇz].ZyZzg${ðG
Ogè|»uZrÎäÅ[ÅìX
Zv¬\äZKâVÃ�85Ò54è EEGG«Å÷z{Áz÷³Z**]~Ì÷X85Ò3ð EEGVÅúÐ!*ÑF,³Z**]»ÃðÑ7ƒ@*XZKy»ÑÌÓÅ
úƒÂz{³Z**]ÅR6,gLìZzgÎZz‡]ZkRÐn¤/Y@*ìX@*ë
113
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
ZKy»Ñc*·Z785Ò3ð EEGVÅúÐ!*ÑF,̃@*ìZzgZKyÃZL·Z7ЛƒCìX·Z7ЛZzgZkÅMgizZKy»ZqÐiìXz{ZL·Z7Å{§85Ò3ð EEGVÅúÃyc*F,u™YìX³Z**]Z(7™MhXZKy»ZÝÑc*9·Z7ÂZq-„ìpß·Z7"Ñg÷XZKyÑ®ZŠ6,]4ið GIV~2÷Xig6,4Ô±6,4Ôzí6,4ÔY{6,4Ô½6,4Zzgâœ{6,4ÅŠzu~ÓxÕÿâÎZÅ6,-~MC÷XZKâVännÆLL}.Zz0+óóc*"$¯ñƒñ÷É"${ä‡ì™gÇ÷ptZ0Ä{Å®ZÃã÷:
¾}Ì4{äÔ÷}Ì4{ä94 ŠzâVÆ4{ÅÔŠzâVÆ4Ãã
ZKyL–è{uóìppŠôìÔâŠ~Š*ÌL–è{uóìp"yOçLLâœ{óóZKy»·Z77ƒYXZKy»9·Z7ZKy 05 ìX
ЗF,ƒ**ecXZKy»9·Z7z„ƒYì�»Ñ]»ZzgpŠZKy»{Ûzâ´ƒÔ�‡Š§ÇƒÔ¸zæŠÇgƒÔ!ŠZyZzgÑözŠƒÔZiàZzg
Zv Z$+~îg6,i0+{ƒÔiâyzky6,”ƒZzgCÙÒpЫƒXtÌ]ÜsÅ÷ÔZkaZv„ZKy»9·Z7ìX9·Z7ZKyŃТzg]ìXZKãpŠ~»%œ/~z�}.ZÅ›ìXZk›Æ%ZKy (,~
Zv«F,+�ìXZkÅÌ] 15 ìXZg»»ŠZgzæZgZÏ›6,ìX %Š{™ÆZKyZKpŠ~ÃL¯@*ìZzg 4+Ì]÷XZyÌ]Ã_.[
**T$èhÆ£x6,Ã,ƒ@*ìX«F,+�»g8-Z(g™Æz{pŠÌ«ƒY@*tìZDw»ÅgzZ‹yXñÑ**gzò»Ì].ZyÌÁz÷¸åXZDwë 25 ìX÷āT§bX“¸çL@»£gzòäHåÔZϧb¢40î EEG0“¸çLgzZVÐ~ΊMiâƒV:
213
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZizMñ»ZuZgYVð aVgzòŠgwxŠZŠxZfZVð35 /Šz§X“¸çLgzZVÔð /Šz§X“¸çL@Zz
ŠzâV~�ÛttìāZDw–w6,zW$¹ÒjèE
Ezu]Zß�ŠÆÃbÅ2ZDwÆÇJ-ƒ43š5é EGG]Ô§»]Zzg 45 QhZâV~gzò»‚B7ŠïX
;]~d›ëäª]**uF,¹™à¶XZy¥x›ëÃZDwZL${ðG
O§|ÅzŸs#ÆaZEw™D÷XZDw“¸çLq¢Æâœ{6,*:ZzgJZ:„»Âh™D÷XeZË·g<˜÷āLLÛñf[Æ${ð
GOgZ]ÐOW,Zzg%ú[ƒ**Šg)gZDw Z−+
Zy${ðG
OgZ]ÃZLz].ZÈ|ÅgzÝ~6,‚rìZzgY}ìāZy~ÐCÙZq-¹VJ-Šg„ìZzg¹VJ-ßÔTuJ-Ãð${ð
GOgŠg„ƒ@*ìz{ZÐ
ZL¦:!í�Å=ôZzg‚Æa»x~Ñ@*ìZzgTuJ-z{߃@*ìz{ZÐÃZ0+Zi™@*ìÉZkÆÜs"54->î GEEGX™@*ìXÕèf[»XZk6,»x7™@*Xz{Y}ìāÕèf[~ŠZ:ÌìZzgŠZxÌZzgz{ŠZ:Ãá©8ì
ZzgŠZxÃÂheZmìÔZk§bÐÕf[ÅMvZkÆa1ZgZ',Z�ð0YCì:
g1ŠxŠZ:zŠZê±mo-êYG ƒÒgêL“¸çLq¢gZ]½o-ê
IG
55 /**§Zzp"6,zZ$mo-êEIG
! }.ZŠZ0+āâ"5å EEL',Z�6,zWZ|[Z£Z»g~˜÷āZDwÆãCŠ~mZ]Zzgi0+ÏzZâ
ZzgZy»ÈZzg&yZsòz].Zȧ] (intutions) Æ!*g}~ZyÆZ‹**]¸ZzgZyÅā-$~ZkÅa,ZâŠzgJ-k„‰āZ¹Zkā-$Ð
¿tā¡¾æ ELZDwÅZ‚kŒÛMÈœìX 65 ].Z™Æ7Š¬YYXóó
313
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
fZ!:ZDwZq-_·ÔY',Z±Ô,]241Ô341 1Xà‹k"3ïGGELZDwÔ¢ŠzxÔ™841 2XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwZq-_·Ô™641 3XZDw**)Ô™506 4XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL!*8-ŠgZóó~Ä>ZyLL
]Í-+öGWóóZzg™7416,çwT»ª^qì: 5XLL®¾~ÈVð~ÔM>~ÔÑZg}~óóÔZkЬZDwäLLÎZògZx¾Bóó
Æi%æGLÄZyzu]Zß�Š~ZW,Æ�Zq-Äè¶XZDwYŠz¤/Ôy~5,ZŠÔ™46 6X
Pœjä–ìāÃÒ›M†ZvÅÞŠ]Zzg§Z$Æ¢5ÿGG
L¬xÅg7g›LLZ'wóó~÷áùƒð‰�ZDwÅŠzV>ZyLLÃÒ›M†ZvóóZzgLL—gg‚ª$ó[å~óóÅð»!*)FXZk6,û}»9Z0+Zitƒ@*āZDwäLLZ'wóóÅg7gIVÐZ.Š{Hc*ZyÃZyzZu]»DLLZ'wóóÆ_¬ÐƒZXŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:Z’Zð¯ÄZDwÔ,])!*nKM(113Ô792Ô213Ô433Ô033Ô133 7@*01Xñ•ÃW,Ô�·Z™ZxÔ™552 11X¢o/õEIHÆK~Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔi%æGLÃ!*[»ªz2eZË2+k,„ÅÂ[ 21X
»ª!*[XLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÆZ’Zð (Iqbal and Western Philosophers)ZÃg~¢o/õ
EIHÆzu]Zß�Š~g8-»÷á<ñ�ŠìXZDwZkГÂ4ƒ@*ZkaāLLZuZ§pŠ~óóLLzu]Zß�ŠóóÆZq-”h+gŠ¿ÅwgBbìXLLågZ{óó4191YÅLLqóó7ìXtÄ2291YÅìX)LL¯ÄZDwÅZ÷á®)Å 31XiâãF,KMóó˜!LLZDwóó†g~&Z6,s0991Y™921(ZzgLLZuZ§pŠ~óó»ezw1191Y
Â# ~)LLZ'wóóÆZZÐZq-‚w¬(eZÑY[åX)£?ZDw»óz_·Ô™77(
413
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Ã7äàâ‹ZDwÅF,KMßÒyÅìX}LL*ØZ!óóâga5091Y~ 41XLL&yóó~÷áùƒð¶X)Z’Zð¯ÄZDwÔ™572(²Ã7äZÐ6191YÅ
'™182(ZDwä–ìā The Sword and the Sceptre ÄCc*ìX)Z¤/÷~àâ]Å9iâãF,KMÃ7Æ7ÃCÂ÷}ZŠ!)Zzg„~(Zg»
Ô™981( Discourses of Iqbal) Æ!*g}~Zk»!í�åîg6,Zƒ@*XŠZ›gZDwÔ™91 51Xi0+{¥zŠÔ™485 61XLLQgŠz»�xÍ÷á²óó'!LL×èZDw§‹ZDw~óó'™511 71XLLŠzZDwóó˜!LL_·ZDwóó'ZDwÇgÂ{~Ô™221 81X
}Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:÷á+Z™ZxZv»*yLLqà»ZW,ZDw6,óó'!ZDwg--Ô�Ñð 91X3791Y'eZËzik,M¸äÌeZËizg»ñ�™CÙZc*ìTÅF,Šh+Ò4ä÷ÏÐÅìX)ZDw»w½ÕÔ™07(Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔi0+{¥zŠÔ™883 02XZDw**)Ô¢ÎxÔ™335 12XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔYzh+**)Ô,]212@*412Ô2Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL¢[èæóóÅÄLLÎyãÅÃóó 22X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDwÅÃgÏ÷á²~»W~Y,{óóÔeZˆZ,gZŒZzg 32XLL_Åœî0Ëw„è',}VÅgzÝ~óó%"0î GOEeZËd�ÛZ¹LL!*ÁƒsóóÅÄLLcz%h+óó~%h+‘Õä O)ZDw÷ZzgcñÑ**gzòXLLYzh+**)óó 42X~ZDwc*i0+{gzŠñÑ**gzòŦ{úð~Z#u»™D÷XZDw伊£â]6,gzòÃi',Š„yZ•dzo]7HX}LLZuZ§pŠ~óóÅā~ë÷ā:
*.çFGLgzò{ugZZÔ™Š&Zi½gxā{;y™Š'LL:p!*h+™ŠZ}ZZÄÑtóóÅāZyZÃgÐÑzqƒCìX
»gzZÈGz™gZZ÷ *.çFGLgzò%]åILgz×;YÄWÑq{ZiMsZl ⧌ÛMVŠgxÈBZl
8‹0îE
E0Z¥/|~ZDwäzŸs#Åā¦/¸�k',kÆŠzgZyX½øg~ 52X4›y ºVZzgu¤/ñV»·Z7g;ìpñ�Š{±»›yâ�ZyÜs
ÉZkÐ̼ÁìXZK¸ògzZc*]Ьg~ƒ™f!ßZƹ~CÙ513
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
UŠc* z‰Üu÷ágg{™ZkäZKòi0+ÏÆ2yÃZsò%œ/è…й6,}ìXëäZK(].z4~Zk|6,Ã7eZàāZ#gÆÕyÚѕèZu}ZCCÙz‰Ü»g=¯ñgÍc*ZLÏZkÕy»7ÒªîG0$l¯¢8ìXËZsò'äZk|ÃñÑ**ñZºZ[M!*Š~Ðic*Š{zZãîg6,Òy7H:
�%jx»t¸w=c*ŠM@*ìŠw$+wYNн$+wYäÐ
)£Ñ]èZDwÔ,]171@*371('aŠO~·ZÔ™41 The Emergence of Pakistan 62X
!*&ëEYLŠgZÔ™441 72X!*ÁƒsÔ™211 82X%gèZDwÔ™401 92X
‘ÕäO)ZDw:½k,,Ô’k,,ZzgÒ**]Ô™91 03XZDwZzgf!!¨¾æ EO+Ô™71 13X‘ÕäO)ZDwZzgëÔ™36 23XPZÃgfs~Šg`KYD÷: 33X
)fztzØt:!*Áƒs(
M›»Ñ]»pŠk,c*[Â!†F,~ˆl~‡š;ñg8-z1!¬ÝM[z{u~¾}¼gÐ�ÛzrfgÒgr-Êc*Â䃻Më[!ØtF,ZZ¤/:ƒ÷~úi»Zâx÷ZªxÌs[!÷Z@ŠÌs[!
pZzŒÂòÆ**xZL¯[ñgQ03Šc5191Y~ZDw˜÷: 43XLL=p[¥xìāM\ÃZsxZzg"3™-.ç FGEELZsxåÐGìXQtYðeìāM\ÃZq-|èZsò¥xƒYñZzgM\ZkÐïg™,''÷~ÚÌM\Ã¥xìX÷Z¡~ZzgM!*ð~y${ð
GOsŧsìZzg-g\»,
7,"Ðt~yZzg̸~ƒŠHåXYè¡Òiªî EE0-g\¨ù¦zu]Zß�Š»
¥c™@*ìÔ1ŒÛMy6,D+',™äZzg@*g+÷ GELZsx»Ng_·™ä»³tƒZā=
613
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZKt¥xƒðZzg~ä¡ŒÛMyÅ{§ZLŠ*ìwÃF,u™Šc*ZzgZkÑÆa=ZL¡~ZzgM!*ðgD**]Æ‚BZq-p+uŠâ©Zzg˜Š™**7,ZXóó)è¹ZDwÔ,]411D511(
LLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,e4jèEE»ƒÐ(,ZZ‹ZntåāZDwkBÅ×e$™D÷X 53
ZkZ‹ZnÆ!*z�ŠZDwä_.!îE0˜ŠÃZ¸gZìZzgZkK~"éZÃg¾÷X
ZkK~eZ˱†Zv˜÷āLLZyZ˜jVÆ‚BÑiòîgÐ…z{ 63X›yÇíÌxÃMä'�ZyZ˜jVÅzZä‰XëZyÆ»g**ñV6,õ™äÑZzgZyÆŠgìVzZu]èi0+ÏÅ…[ƒäÐXøg~Ã~‘xZzgïZzg:Zg^ZzgêZzgeZgzyÆÎZÃðÌ:FåXZ[ëZ0ºzyÔçZàóÃgZ!Ô]4n.ç IEG~Ô�ëŠÔ÷á{zàZvZzgZ0Š»**x³]zZ�Zx
ÐheÑ÷Zzg…CkƒZìātÌ(,}ßvZzg¡¾æE
LZKãÅ@*gõ~Zy»gûÌ—ìZzgËf!!¨¾æ EOÐÁ7óó'))&ÿ
JLZDwÔ,]
253X353(\CåFZ#0˜÷āLLZDwx÷á²Zka:0nāZyÅ÷á²~6,Zsxä 73X„0*1óó')ZDw:÷á²ZzgZk»�xÔ™442(Ë-$Iä–ìāLL÷á²!¨¾æEO6,ZsxZkŠgz™åā)ÇVÆ_.!*]Ãz{Á„Zh™@*ìXóó)fZ!LLøg~i!*yóó5Š‹Ô51�Ñð3991Y(LLZDwZyÃF»î.$eZîyóó~g2ÏÅ@*yZk6,IKìāZDwZq-Z7g{÷›Zzg)›Å„»Zzgtāz{¡
ZsògzZe$Æ÷á²÷XgZ`·ŠgÍhÆ4,Šq-LLZyÅ„zÃÅt**g‚ð)2ÁZ·ZKJ-:VNhÅ(ŠgZÝèI${ð
GOgZ]ZzgZ0+Ziè„J-ZLM\Ã
özŠgpp»³ìóó')¡¾æE
LZDw:£Ñ]©gM!*ŠÇgÔ™351(5±ÙÔLLZDwZzgŒÛMyóó˜!LLZDwZzgëóó 83XŒÛMyœÔZqŠg$ZzgZsò@*gõÆ‚BÄZDw6,ÃÂZk»l!Z0+Zi{ƒ 93XYìXZkñçq6,Ãz£Ñ]Åßg]~{™ßZ÷áùƒ[ìX
LLZDwZzgŒÛMyóóÆ**xÐÝxZ£6,zm,Ô¬gsJß~ZzgeZËÝx@{yÅÃÑ$þ
JLÂz÷X‡è·øpÅÂ[LLZDwŒÛMyÅgzÝ~óóÑ$þ
JL_·
ìX·àg¬ÝÅÂ[LL¯ÄZDw~ŒÛMãMc*]zZqŠg$ZzgèIZ˜q]713
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
»Y,{óóÌ÷áùƒðìX±2+k,*i~»*yLLZDwZzgŒÛMyóó)˜!LLZDwZzgëóó(?°wZ−+»ZÏÄZyÐ*y)˜!:
&B¨ÿE
LZDw(ZzgeZË·E~lx»£!LLŒÛMyZzgZDwóó)˜!LLZDwóóZ6,s9891YáÀeZˆZ?m,ŠZã(Ì›ëÆMsŠZg÷X
Ã8iïELfscZîV~7Hì: ]ø�ô‚ù]ðöÂø×øo]ÖÓËø^…ô…öuøÛø«ðöeønûßøöÜû VwÆîg6, 04X
)ñðD¢ƒæ(ƒ7ÒªîG0c*gZVÂ',1ŧb3,xgiÄhz!*ëƒÂ¯ÑŠìñð!
)%››yD¢ƒæ(TÐ7¾æ E
YLÑ!~Quƒz{M
gc*îVÆŠwTЊIYNz{îÃy! Š
)ƒ»ZsxD!*8-èŠgZ(!}é M½i0+Ï~§]¯ÑŠaZ™
ÛÈ›~wk,z6,*VƒYeZË$¹Òjè
EEÆ**xâ^~+CÒ©ð
GEGZ!*ÜtZvÐpŠ~ÅzŸs#ÅìX 14X‘ôfû³Çøèø]²ôæøÚøàû XZuZ§pŠ~~ŒÛMãMe$: (Discourses of Iqbal, P.184)
)2D831()¼:Zv»g8-Z(g™zXZkg8-ÐZYZzg¾ ]øuûŠøàöÚôàø²ô‘ôfûÇøè÷
»g8-ƒÇ?(ÆjZáÐæ¬ÒyHì:»gZZi(Zvg8-Š{GgZ**ñkz**xz)Š{
Zq-£x6,pŠ~űÎgÒ÷ÅMc*]Zzg¼ŠŠzu~Mc*]Æ•zVÐÅìX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:ZsÔ,]791X891(ÎgÒZÆÅ92z,ZzgÎgÒZã{Å9z,Mc*]~ZväZKy~LLZKgzb~мYÝóó»f™HìXt${ð
GOg
pŠ~»Z÷ágtzZ´ðì''‚~Z1ZÑdñŠzŠ~˜÷āLLZKyÆZ0+g�gzbYéˆìz{ŠgZÝÌ‹ZÅ:ö XW»Zq-@c*6,ÂìX§]ÔDÔŠg]ÔZgZŠ{(ZzgŠzu~ÎÌ]ZKy~0*ðYC÷ÔXÆù»„**xgzbìÔtŠgZÝZv¬\„ÅÌ]»Zq-−‚6,Âì�Zk»^{Å6,eZÑŠHìZzgZÏ6,ÂÅzzÐZKyi}6,}.Z»ÑZzg5ÀÉÓxñ�ŠZ]Zg軉ŠŒÛZg0*c*ìXóó)ƒZÅZyÔ¢ŠzxÔ™505(¸!*]ZDwä½ì:
It is born of His own creative Freedom whereby he has
813
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
chosen finite egos to be participaters of his life, power,
and freedom. (Reconstruction.P.64)
a¸\ÅZ’Z~ZDwäŒÛMãMc*]ÆjZáÐZKyÅ&S:]ŶK0+„ÅìX)1(ZKy}.Z»',¦/h+{È{ì)2(ZK{ñVÆ!*z�ŠZKyÅði}6,}.ZÆúÒ{Æîg6,ƒðìX)3(z{Zq-MiZŠ,»Z}ìX
LLKèŒÛ\óóÆtZÃg‡.ÞÂz÷: 24X¸z»gM�Û,Ô»g¤Ô»g‚i ;BìZv»ÔÈÒñð»;BCÙŠz˜VÐ"Zk»ŠÁ"*i {Åzâg~.ŠÔÈÒñÑÌ]
LL¢[æóóÅÄLL%Š›yóóÆ_¬Ðt!*]'×h+zZãƒYCìXZk»)55X92( Òø³Ø$mø³çûÝõâø³çûÊoû�ø³ûáõ ª^q:LLCÙ9ìñðÅ5÷áy5MyóóÔ
ªLLZvCÙMy5÷áy~ìXóóÐâpfìXŠzuZ^q:LL%g~™ŠZgZvÅ',;yóó''Ë—ÅRö!*¹7gh@*XŠzu}Ä~ZvÅ ~
Ì]»f™™Æ¹ìā›yZyÐáCìXZŒ&ZÃg» °àz)àâ~.»ƒg‚ª$ó[å»ZÎÒõìXZkƈtÄì:TÐ7¾æ E
YLÑ!
~Quƒz{M&Šgc*îVÆŠwTЊIYNz{îÃyXtÄŒÛMÈœÅZq-Me$Ðâpfì)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔqí04(�Zô/™ZxñÆ!*g}~ìXŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwZzgf!„Ôqí111Ô211Ô311 34XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔà]ZDwÃgÏÔ,]808@*218 44XZDwë÷: 54X
D¢ƒæ( ÆäMS[SÆä‡Rv )ÆäMS[SÆä‡Rv pŠ~»u.V
ÆäMS[SÆä‡Rv pŠ~ì$ÔYV6,zW$¹Òjè
EEä0291Y~¹āŒÛMyÆ¢™Š{è<ØÔZÜtZzg‡âyÅ 64X
xZãÃZDwJw™@*ìX1391Y~Z,VäZ‹ZsHāLL~Z’Z~ŒāZDwŠzuZ"54fõ E
GHIìc*Zkä"54fõ E
GHIÆìÑ]»l/Q@*gZìXp~r_¬
ƈZkË6,àāt½!*ÇZµìóó'e4jèEEäZDwÃàZs!iï LH
ŒÛZgŠc*X',Zîyä–āZDw»,ËÒpÐÌf!,7ìXt‘:Z0+Zi~Zpé‹ZsxŽìX±ï
YEä–āZDw»·Z7ZsxìXßk
³e$4-÷GGEäZkñ�»ZÖgHāLLZDwäf!„Ð',Zñ**x„Z~.HìX
913
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
‰Zz‡]z{ZkÆŒÛd$ÌM@*ìp¢„ZCgZ3ps™©8ìXóó\)ÿI
ÅgZñìāZDwܽŒÛMy_»@*gz7Š1™gÄŠï÷X**yÆ4,Šq-ZDwÆìw~Ô›âVÆaÔ].h+Š*Æ0*kÃð�ħ]7ìXZDwäZyÅÂzZsx„ŧsKzw™ZðXZsZöóÆ4,Šq-
ZDwä:ÜsŒÛMãx]ÅZiuâ‚ÅÉZyÅā-$äZ¹Z(pzg]Ä~(«H�_.!*]÷áŠHX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:ZDwZzgf!„(6,zW~MiZŠÅgZñìāLLZsxÂZDw»u8g*î FI0Z°gìóó'›y™xÈD~Ð�ZDwÙk÷z{ZÏ|»ZÖg™D÷X6,zWgæZ£œjä–ìāLLT§bŒÛMÈ0*u»7{§]gÎwåìXZϧb“iþ
ILgÎwå»7{
¯ÄZDwìXóó)ZDwÔ,Zzg÷á²~Ô™311(eZ˱†Zv˜÷āLLZDwÅÕ(,~ÂZ**ZzgZkÅé]"™ZVìÔYèZk»"gŒÛMȈìóó'))bZDwÔ™353(Zðx@ä–ìāLLè<Ø„ZDwÅ÷á²~»ãCŠ~ßìXz{
ZkÆ%i0+Ï»${ðG
OgÌ7™Mhóó')gzZe$ZzgŒz]Ô™49(ZϧbeZˆZhÔZ|[Z£Z»g~ZzgeZË·g<Z−+É]xZDwÙÎV»
ìāZDwÅ„~Z‚kŒÛMÈœìX (Consensus) Zk!*]6,Z·tgZñZDw»tĬÌ}܃Zì:傹ÂZk−çã»&ÈeZá¹g 74XäZuZgèÂ[My)!*ÁƒsÔ™87(š~LL)�Ûóó~ZDwäŠúòHìā:
ªCÙ÷á{D)�Û( ... )æ[/
Í8çXLŠgc*ñŒÛMV^©0î EGZxÑ—g'çEL(Zv&ZxŠZgxZ0+gBâ§ÆäMS[ŠgÑZƒðuz§ÆäMS[
ZDw»tŠúò|ZzgœZ‰Ü6,FFìX7À.ïGLZDwÔ™95 84X!*ÁƒsÔ™23 94XLL¬ÝM[z{uz!*ŠóóÐæ[™DZDwë÷: 05X
)!*ÁƒsÔ™54(–è{uz"y!~–è{uzpŠô!±iïIGLz�ŠÆaMƒgzZVìÂā~?
023
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
,ÆaÔ7À.ïGLZDwÔ,]99@*711 15XZDw»Iìā: 25X
)øZ[ÉZjyÆZ°gD¢ƒæ(gìÇ„˜V~u:z«
Ÿø�ø³†ômûÔøÖøäX QF,ŠH�F,}Šw~—§g‚ª)9(DZgèÈsi 35X
ZgŠzF,3ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw@z—¬ÝÔ%"0î GOEeZËÐZºÔ™97 45XzZãgìā‘ÕäO)ZDwñÑ**gzòÃzu]Zß�Š~t7™DX),ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?(OçŠzâV~��Ûtìz{ZLZLZŠzZgÆÚøZ]~ìX—§g‚ª)9(DZgèÈsi 55Xw±PÔ!LL„zÃóó'4891ÔÑg{02Ô™711 65X
/'/'/
123
H¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?
223
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ŠzuZ!*[
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?ZDw©ƑÐê M',ŠZgZzg!©lç NEL÷X›ègÎwåÐZy»Bgz×ìZzg
(symbol) –weZËZuZgZ£ZDwÅ,ÔZkŠzg~Ô“Š.ïEGLŒÛMyÆZq-¶Ky
ÅwgBbìZzgŒÛMyÆ£xz%û»ZÏsT”]ÐZzgTŠgz~ZDw»Ì].ZyZsòÅgzZ‹y»1 1 ‘Õä O)ZDw6,ƒZÔ÷áh+„ËZzg6,ƒZƒX
ìZzgEÄÑtz¾[6,Š,kÐZk~…gaZƒZìXZk|Ãây™¯ÄZDw»_·HYñÂ!*8-èŠgZÅZsò÷á²~Ðá™ZgèÈsiJ-eZˆZhÆZÖp~LLZDwƯxz\x»�öìz{ÁZiÁ§ŠÐG
p#Ũ4èE
GELZDwäLLZDwÆ;V§ŠìóóŦ^Zk”]Ð 2 {àìXóóÎðìāZDwÅ„~Z‚kŧbtÌZq-pÐi·X¯g;ìZzgZDwÆZgZŠ]qzVÃzŸ¬»™**7,~÷XeZ˱†Zv˜÷āLL¡¾æ E
LZKã~§ŠZ]»aZƒY**ÃðZâ¿!*]7Xóó2LLZDwÆgŠZ:_¬Ð9
ZDw6,§Š»Z²Zx¬Z+™äzZáic*Š{F,z{6Zzg 3 ZDÑ]ŠzgƒMh÷XóóZ�ÛZŠ÷�¡¾æ E
LZDwûgCD÷ZzgX»ÑZDw»Z%ZxìXZy~Ð'Z, 4 »ŠúòLL˜ªóóì (Originality) Zq-»IìāZDwÅ7Õä EMO¹ZzgQ+
÷FME
™xyÐZDwÆgŠZ:_¬Åµ™**"ΊìXZDwÆ;V§ŠŠ3äzZáZÒZ3ÿXL¯äc*ÂZDwÆ„)Zg»Ã
ÃZ0+ZiHìc*ZDwÅãCŠ~w³™ä~÷Uc*œUtÅìZzgc*ZZ˜jVÆā~�è%ƒD÷Z¹7Ã7g3XZDw»ZŠðgZ
323
_·ÌZkZ²Zx»!*)¯ìX’?çEELûc*$+{�9ßgÂV~úc*VìXZ,™xyÌ÷2VäŒÛMÈœ~̧ŠÅ¶K0+„ÅìpZL’?çEELû»
Z¤/ZDw6,§ŠZ]ÆZ²Zx»"3�ç EEEL¸],Y,{1YñÂ¥x 5 Z0+Zi{7™0*ñXƒ@*ìā2u4è
EGELZDw�¼ëZ**eT÷z{ßìZzgZyÆÒy™Š{§ŠZ]
ZDwÆ;V7÷XZkY,}Ð̸³Z~.ƒ@*ìāZDw»z].ZyZsòìX¸zzìāZDwÅMÉMZÄA;ï EXG&]~§Š7ìX
2222äԃЬÔZDw (E.M. Forster) à:~ÐZ~Z*Ã7
6,„~Ú»Z²Zx¬Z+HXZkÆ4,Šq-ÔeZˆZvÆZÖp~LLZDwzu]Zß�Šˆ~ñßsä 6 Æqò̸ZzgZkÆ”GÌZzg„~Ú»Dg¸Xóó
ZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~ƒäÆZ²ZxÐ',~™Šc*XOçz{qìāZDwÆ4,Šq-LL}.ZpŠøg~§bÔZq-pŠ~»â´ìZzgZkä…ZLz�Š~Ð7É°xÐaZHìXZDwzu]Zß�ŠÆÃbÃ�āZ¹yz*y
Ã7Å« 7 ~ZLMk0*kCÙ§sÃM@*ì}+g~ÔI7™DXóógZñ0291YÅZzgŠzu~6491YÅìX
0291Y~ZuZ§pŠ~6,û{™DƒñÃ7äyz›÷}Z%sz§Š»f™HìZzgZDwÆ!*g}~–ìāz{y~¸rZzgZsòr~оgZ56,−ÇÔtzZã7ìXÃ7Æ4,Šq-ZDw¬ZsòZzgˆ~ò)y~rÆ(gZ56,−ZzgLZuZ§pŠ~óƈ6191Y~LL*ØZ!óó
ZkÐ 8 è²LZuZ§pŠ~óЬLLyz*yøgZóó)F,ZUy~(è¶XÃ7ät³Z~.HìāZDwŠzâV~ÐÃðZq-gZ3Z(g7™nÇÉâèŧb¤/Šl~gìÇX
‘Õä O)ZDw¦/¸aŠ{',ÎVÐZsòrÆgZ56,^gì¸X
423
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
LLyz*yøgZóóZzgLL*ØZ!óóŠzâV>5091YЬèI‰²LLZuZ§pŠ~óó5191Y~÷áùƒðXÃ7»g--ZDwÅÃЦ/gZÂZ,VäeZË$¹Òjè
EEÖ
āZ¤/÷~ZgŠzVÅZ÷á®)Å@*g:VÐû{ógzZ�ƒ@*Âz{÷}ZŠ!Zkßg‹qwÐzZã 9 )f6(Zg»Æ!*g}~´îg6,ZgZñ‡ì™@*X
ƒY@*ìāÚ¡¾æE
LZDw~7åÉÃ7Å¥â]ZŠðg~Zzg߉X3333
».$zs\.-ôGäZDw6,]åIOzæÆ‚B§ŠZ]»Z²Zx¬Z+HìXz{pŠZ·ZÅìZzgZÏ$©�î EG
0ÃÐZDwÃ6,3ìXZK�gÂ[ÆŠ}!*[~ZDwÃLLF,¹Ióó)Z·ZÅ(Š3c* (Modern Islam in India)
ìZzga¸~LL¦‡IóóXZk§bZDwÅzu‹„Ã{âV~„™ÆŠz¤™Šc*ìX\.-ôGä–ìāëäZDwƧŠZ]~zu]ňl7ÅZzgF,¹IZzg¦‡IZDwÅYõ6,ÄZµZµZ1Z[~ÅìX\.-ôGÆ4,Šq-ZDw»ZW,zZu7ìZzgF,¹IZkÅF,¹I~Ðuz»ggnp÷2¦‡IZDw»_·™D÷ÂZyÅ™~z„¼M@*ì�Z¹¦‡I~~¢F,™@*ìXZDwÆ)%1oìÑ]~�Ãð�¼eLìZÐïY@*ìXZDwäâg¾ZzgzhŠzâVÅ°pÅìXz{zmrZzggzZîZsxÅ#¿™@*ìÔZkÆ!*z�ŠgzZî›Q!ï OGÆar»%æFN�l${ð
GOg7H
ìX‰ßvZDwÆZq-{Åcz~™D÷Zzg‰Šzu}{ÅX\.-ôGZDwÆ!*g}~¬Zq-ߊ“ðW~™@*ìZzgZ#ZDwZkÆ
Šú}6,7gZ7QF,D§Š»Z²Zx¬Z+™ŠêìX¬!*[~tÜZs#ƒ_ìā\.-ôGäZDwÃZ·ZŪCÙ™äÆ´z{Zq-].h+Zsx»!*ãÌŒÛZgŠc*
The new religion was radically new, basically ìX\.-ôGÆZÖpt÷'ZDwaèËZ,Zsx6,¢7 different. Iqbal enunciated it, boldly;
523
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
gnpÔZka\.-ôG2nƒ@*ìāZDw~§ŠìXOçZk¿ÃZk§båHì:
"but he himself never really believed it without
reservations."10
Zzg'×h+–ìāZDw÷á²åÔ!*‡°{!¨¾æ EO7åZzgZKF,Šh+pŠ™ä~@*ï7™@*åX
~\.-ôGäZDwÆ (Islam in Modern History) ZKZq-ZzgÂ[§ŠÃÔ),øpŠÔZk§bU*"$Hì:
"Yet Iqbal is so contradictory and unsystematic that it
is difficult to assess him. He is the sufi who attacked
sufism, and perhaps the l iberal who attacked
liberalism."11
».$zs\.-ôG‘ÕäO)ZDwÃZq-§sZ·ZÅZzg+Cå GEOŠIªCÙ™@*ìZzg
Šzu~§s¦‡IZzgâè6,„XZ·ZÅ$©�î EG0ÃÐZDw»t_·7Òû EL
ƒ„aZ™YåXZk$©�î EG0ÃÐËZ·ZÅ»_·™**ecX¡¾æ E
LZDwZsx»MsŠZgìZzgZsò$©�î EG
0ÃÐZk~Ãð§Š7XZDw?0+{Zzg¤x5VÅ×e$™D÷ÔZkaāZsxÌZyÅ×e$™@*ìXZk×e$ÆaZ·ZŃ**¢zg~7ìXZ·ZKZzguâtŠZg~ŠzâVâœ{6,*:ZzgJZ:Âx÷ZzgZDwäŠzâVÅ#¿ÅìXZsxâèÔqwZzgw6,”ìZzg„zÃ~Zz[aZ™@*ìXZDwZkZz[Æ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷XZkZz[»Zq-¥cZ½ÎìpZDwJZ:Z·ZKÃgŠ™D÷XZsx–wZDwuâñÅ]ÃZOŠ~ÂxÐ{g`7™@*Z%ZÐoƒuzŠÆZ0+gg‚r
21 ìXtZ‹ZnāZDwÆ)%1oìÑ]~�Ãð�¼eLìZÐï
ZkK~Šz$¹é EL]6,Âz7Š~ 31 Y@*ìZDwIZzgŠzuzVäÌ™CÙZc*ìX
623
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ˆ'ªtāZDw©Ôg‚ªZzgŒÛMyÅœZ‰ÜzÑƇbz‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷X\.-ôGZzgZDwIÉ)›|Z]e÷ÌÂZDwÆZkZ‹yÆÜs
41 Z¹ZDwÆ;V¼7ïYXZ²ZxF,ZÙZzgßÒãÅ!*]Šzu~ìXZ²ZxF,ZÙZzgßÒã}.ZZzggÎwåÆÜs̃$ËìZzgňìXZ·ZYVäZkK~Šh+{Š8~»bCÙ{ic*Š{HìX?ØŠOòZzgß@*zÞ]»X
8-öGOWā ZµìXZk»f)ŠZg@*zs™äzZу@*ìXŒÛMÈœÅ@*zfÌÅI
51 –wZDwZÐ0*i0+¯Šc*ŠHXŠzuZNtìāLL§ŠZ]óóZzgLLZ¡ZŠóó~�Ût7HŠHXZDwäpŠ
71 ZDwIäZЧŠZ]»Z‹ZsŒÛZgŠc*ìX 61 ÃLLù”î0Z¡ZŠóó¹ìXZ¡ZŠpÙZzg§Å§bi0+Ï»z÷XZKy÷ƒäÆ‚Bøp̃YìX†ZØ‚´ä–ìāLL‘Õä O)Å…3š3ï EGG„CÙù”î0Z¡ZŠÃMC¶p¸9.ü E
LZ¡ZŠZyÅZK+M»¾wåXz{DzaÆ(ZzgO-$z¤ÏÆ&Bg+õ E
81 pZkÆ‚BZyÅøZÄZkŠg"āìÐYwQD¸XóóZDwZ4sV~ù”î0Z¡ZŠ¸X,Zzg„~–éq1§]M�Û+
ÁÜ»ƒ**p!Å!*]ìX',F,ZKy7¾æ EYLÑ!ÆaMZzgŠgc*îVÆa
ƒ@*ìXtéyZvÅ)àZzg°àÌ]»ìXZDwÆZ‹Zs~ îÃy»UzZãì@*ëZkF,IÆZ¤/¼p÷¸÷XZDwäZL ŠwÐ
„~§Š»Z‹Zs}7HX„~Z±gÐ 91 „~$ā.ç GEGOzZg»»f™ÂHìX§ŠZ]eZ„»:L‘W÷²ZDwÆ�x»ù¦ZW,zZuìXz{Zsò
$hò EIèLU*6Ɔ÷X—Zzg„~Z±gÐY!üLZ¡ZŠƒ**ƪÃð¡t[:ƒÂZiyÅ´#ÖìXZDwGZzgik,ÅÃMö™D÷XtÂZiyÅgZ{ì�4+}òÅŸðìXZDwpŠ~z"pŠ~ŠzâVÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷XÈtāçÑ{Z(ƒ��ÛŠÅF,šM»4+âjw�ÛZë™}Zzg�ÛŠZKF,šMZzg—
723
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
ZPxƈÓx&&)�¢ŠÆaz�™Š}XtÂZiyì�ÛŠZzg)®)ÆâÎZzgxìZsòx]»X\.-ôGZzg±ï
YEÆZ‹ZŸ]»f™™Æ
02 6,zWZ*G�äZ,¼ŠZ¡ZŠkHñ÷Xâg¾ZzgzhÅ°p~§Š7ìXâg¾Å°pLLÂhŠ~ÈzVäM‡îVƤVÅj[!óóÆÚø~ì²ZÏÄLLZ+Å
&CÒø ELØgòóó~ZDwäZ·ZÅÂxÃgŠHìZzgM&4è
JGEL9Å×e$ÅìXzhÅ°p
0+g]è„z¿ÆK~ìXÃÁzhÅZDwäè#ÖÅìX,LLHZDwZsòÃÁ÷?óóÆÄZyÆ�MÐMg„ìX
(modernist) ».$zs\.-ôGägzZîZsxÆ£«6,ZDwÆ].h+ƒä»Z´yHìZzgZDwÆèI'Z+Ã].h+f[ÆÜs0*™ZDw6,§Š»Z²ZxΊc*ìXZkK~±ï
YEä\.-ôG„Åcz~ÅìXZÝZ}Mg±ï
YEä
\.-ôG»�Z½kÜHìZk»ÜātìāZDw5Š*~úg]Æ·Šg~ÐzheÆÜs÷Xz{ZÐ0*uZzgõxgeT÷XZ,VäZKç-VÃ6,Š}~g3Xz{úg]ÃÃÒñÆ$©ø
EGILŠx6,`**eT÷XMy»gZDwä
Ck™1ƒÇāúg]Æ!*g}~z{t6,÷XÄLLúg]óó~Zk§b»Z÷ág{12 ì:~̤ò!²ZVЃV¦u¹&7e1Zk-ÒÂÅíŠX
±ïY
EäZkÆZDwÆ].h+ƒäÃÎZD¶Ky¯Šc*ìXZkЬ±ïY
Eä–ìāŒÛMãMe$ÅgzÐ%ŠúgÂV6,Zx÷ZzgZDwäZkZkЙsªCÙìā§Š±ï
YEÅZKÎa~ìX 22 Me$ÃÃZ0+ZiHìX
úg]Ãõx:Zsxg‚rì:ZDwpŒÛMyÅgzÐ%ŠúgÂV6,Zx÷ZzgZk~Ë—ÅRö7ìXŒÛMyúg]Ã0*ugeLì®ZZDw̸eT÷XZÏÑÅ{§ŒÛMy~6,Š}»¬Mc*ìXZDwÃZ(].h+ìw™**āz{ŒÛMãZ©â]ÅÜszgi~™DQ,Ôà:Å(,~pZéìXZ#
823
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZyÅtpZé7g~7ƒC§Š»ÂgZvÑzqƒY@*ìXZDwƧŠÃU*"$™äÆa».$zs\.-ôGÅtŠ?¹ŠNìāZDwß°ìp${ð
GOs6,úMzgƒ@*ìZzg÷áh+MiZŠìwìpMiZŠìà
»Ú{¾t™ŠêìXtZ‹ZnŠNìZzgA:ÌìX${ðG
OsËZq-q»**x7ìX${ð
GOs»-**ãÔQZzgzh+Z„gz\ZDwÆ4,Šq-ZPÄpŠ~Æ
o°ìXZDwÜsZk${ðG
OsƇb÷�ZÎÒgÎwåZzgô!îE0™ZxñÅ@*È{i0+7VÆ_.ìX${ð
GOsÆŠzgD**]zZãîg6,Zq-Šzu}Å¡÷X
Zq-${ðG
OsjãÔ§Š~Zzgz�Š~ìZzgZkÅ@*yF,¿Š*c*gG+M6,I¦ìXŠzu}${ð
GOs~}.!ïGL»ÔZ÷á“ïGLZsxZzg4z¿ìZzgZk»$©�î EG
0²z•˜ŠìXZDw«nÆ${ð
GOs6,úMzgƒD÷ZzgŠzu~nÆ${ð
GOsÅ×e$
™D÷XT§bZDwÃF,¹IZzg¦‡IÆ{âV~„™**ßìZÏ
§bZy6,_wc*ãCŠ6,„»É45ÿ EGðV™**Ì**gzZìXZDwŒÛMÈœÅãCŠ~ZzgzZãx]ÆK~Ëp~ÆgzZŠZg7X@*ëZsxÃCKÅY\Zzgc~z$Õä NOðÐMiZŠŠ9eT÷XZzg].h+)b»iZ¿Š&+g=Z)qeT÷XZDwGZzgDŧb].h+ZzgŠ*ÆYì÷XZyÅYöçŠè„ŒÛZgŠ¶zZßV»�:ê
EXLZDw**g‚ƒc*:ƒÔZyÅ+M»:gzZãZzgúc*VìX
].h+›yÀ˜Zzg›yxZySîÔà:Æ£œÃŒ%ÔZyÆYw~úYD÷X\.-ôGägzZîZsxÅ#¿Zzg›r»%æFN�l${ð
GOg7
™äÆ!*)ZDw6,§Š»Z²ZxÎc*ìXZknÆZ‹ZŸ]ZkÆZzgÌ÷XŠg|Šzu}Z·ZYVÔyzîV)øwõŠZ›gZDwI(Zzgy~¸x6,„›âVäÔƒZgzZ¬Š{Æ‚BÔZDw6,§ŠÆ�Z²Zâ]¬Z+K÷Zy»m${ð
GO§rÔ${ð
GO§0*ÎyZzgZsòZ�Š)¿UZsx(Æ‚BìX
923
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
ZyßÍVäzm¸rÅ#¿ZzgZµ›gc*„Å?m,~§ŠÒyHì²›gc*„**¦/k,x웸r»X#5ä0*ÎyZzgZsòZ�Š2
ZsèZzgMÃE~§Š¬ì²0*ÎyÔZsòZ�ŠZzgw»¬@ÂxZq-eÅš/c*V÷X2u4è
EGELZDw»Ñ0*ÎyâoÃc*CZ‚kÐ
øzx™**ZzgZsò¶Kè0U*6Çu¯**ìXZDw6,Z²ZħŠäZq-6,z"}Å^Z(g™àìXt»gzZðz+„쉡¾æ E
LZDwûg�gHŠHX#Ũ4è
EGELZDwÆ£œÃÔ�ƒZÍw~Òyƒñ÷Ô™heƈZDwÆaËmg]pZ;:gzbÅ¢zg]7ìXZ‹ZŸ]6,ózW~Ã
eZ%Å¢zg]ìXZDw6,Z²ZħŠZy™xyä̬Z+Hì�ZDwÅ“Š.ïEGL„Ãâ+Æ!*z�ŠËZ~ZyÐZ%sgnp¸c*ZD1]6,ZyÅÃYìZzg÷~7¶XZDwÆ„~Zg»ÃœUc*pUÃZ0+Zi™äzZáZzg
ZL„�:êEXL**g‚Æ!*)i0+ÏÆZ¡ZŠÃZDwÆ„~§ŠÅ~ŠÚ
zZáÀ˜Zkß.Ã�ÛzrŠ¶»!*)‘Wgì÷X湊Z›gzV»Zq-gzvf!Q*ŠzVÅcz~ÌìX
4444Š‹Æg‚áLLM`Àóó~JZzgGg{�Ûzg~6491YÆÑgzV~
oZºM!*Š~»LL‘Õä O)ZDwÆ„ŠÃbóóÆÄZyÐZq-*y÷áùƒZXZkÆ�Z[~eZË@*|ZzgÝx·#$Æp}ÅZ÷á®)ÆoZºM!*Š~
Zzg!*ÆHy 32 äLL‘Õä O)ZDwÅ„~zu]c*§ŠóóÆÄZyÐZq-Zzg*y–XLL×èZDwóó~ZLÒy™Š{§›ZDwÃpŠ„g«™äÅÃÒÅXoä–
āLL~äZL“ug‚!LLM`ÀóóŠ‹Åz‚¦ÐªCÙKX÷}“u»�Z[eZË@*|%jxZzg‰Šzu}Zô[äŠ}™=NyHXZ¤/p=Zy�Z!*]Ðú:ƒð1÷ZŠwZk6,ÌMâœ{:ƒeā‘Õä O)ZDwÆ
033
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ìÑ]~ZÚÜô§Št™1YñZzgMy~äpŠ„ZkÂÃi™äZkÈ»â°oÆZLZÖp~tìā: 42 ÅÈÅXóó
LL‘ÕäO)ZLZ’ZðŠzg~zu]Zß�ŠÆ#³¸&ZuZ§pŠ~»iâ:IñizVƒÇXZkz‰ÜZy»ìwåā${ð
GOsZzgSî
zu]Zß�Š»o{Ô!pŠ~»%ZŠsìZzgZ#Z¹ZLìwÆܽzZ§ƒä»DƒŠHÂZ,VäÜZs#Ðzu]Zß�Š
52 Å@*G�ÛâðXóóoäZkK~ZDwÆ�ZÃgZzg�~¿7K÷ÔZ¹
LÜZs#Ðzu]Zß�ŠÅ@*Góó™1YñÂZDw»!540î EGOE„~§ŠŠzg7 Lƒ@*ÉZk§$þGL»gÐtZ²Zx‡ìzZ2Zgƒ@*ìXZkaāZDwZuZ§pŠ~ÆiâäÐá™MyJ-}.ZÃ:Üs»Ñ]ÉZ¡gzM**]»{Û${ð
GOgZzg
Òy™Dgì÷X-ŠÐ²Å§boZºM!*Š~Ìzu]Zß�ŠÆ‡bz‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷X²ä¯ÄZDwÅÑjV~Ô8-ö
GŠāZuZ§pŠ~ÅÑb~ÌZDwÃz�Š~LLU*"$óóHìXoÔZuZ§pŠ~ÆŠzg~ZDwÃzu]Zß�Š
» »#³t™D÷XŠzâVÃuÓ4èE
GEÆ!í�~§Šúc*VìXo‘Õä O)ZDwÐZ%szu]Zß�ŠÆK~åXZkZ%szZDwÃZ#Z,VäZKÈЊzg™Šc*ÂZDw6,„~§Š»Z‹ZnÌY@*g;XZyÆ
!*¹Z‹ZŸ]~–weZË@*| 62 4,Šq-ZëZzgãCŠ~Xzu]Zß�Š„»åXâœ{ZzggzbÔF,¿¬ÝÔ|¬ÝÔÃ!*íÔZ#îyÔÇÔx+÷
JEL&tÔ%iZËwÔ
72 ‡Šc*+MÔZ0ŠÔDzÕZzgpŠ~Æñç¬]÷áï÷XoÆZ’Zð*yÆ�Z[~eZË@*|ÆÒy™Š{9$¹é EL]
z¯÷@*ëzu]Zß�ŠÆK~ZyÆZ+ÑwÐZ·t™**ÂìX,LLHZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?óóÆ�MñÏXeZË@*|äF,¿Š*Å
133
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
±8[ZÅ:ö XWòÆZq-káÐÅXªF,¿Š*t7ā–N*!*0+|™ÖYîÉ]k−Ô3**3î1ŠwÃËq~Z“ñ:gÅ'$�ç
EEL!*íÆK~–ā
�ŠgzV|gG+MìZzg�ÛzV|âœe$ìXZsxŧbZDw»gZ3ZŠZw»ìZzgZŠZw~§Š7XÇÆ!*g}~zŸs#ÅāZÐZDwiâUZzo~Z¿ŠÐ4B÷āÁì>VÆZ¿ŠÐÇèg§VôpF,ìXZ¿ŠÆtp7āCÙ%æFNZãgzlÃghŠc*YñXÇZzgZ¿ŠŠzâVÆaZDwoƒ£xZzgû?m,™D÷XDzÕÆ�@*|ä–ā
)ZDwÆ4,Šq-(DZzgGŠzâV¢zg~÷X‡Šc*+MÆe~ZDw»ˆ»tÒyeZË@*|äŠg`Hā
LLŠg|#aÐ7ÉVÐT**Y@*ìZzgZ¤/?tëƒā÷Zñ�Š{gÍt¬gzbÆÕìƒ@*gìXZq-ÎWzZái0+{ZKyÆìÑ]~p´VƒCgS÷X7$+mÂß7$+mXóóZDw䇊c*ã8gzi{
oätZ‹ZsÂH 82 LLÍgZ,óóÆZ²ZÄÚÆ�Z[~tÒyŠc*åXā‘Õä O)%jxÅt„g]÷~ÃÐ:¦/g~¶ptt™ä6,izgÌŠc*ā
92 LL‘Õä O)Zq-ÎWKzZái0+{ZKy¸XZy~p´VƒCgS‰XóóoÆ_«»|xZ¤/tìāZDwÆ„~Zg»Ãâ**YñÂZÐâä%eg{7XZDwy~¸x6,„¸Xˆ~Zsò¸rƆ¶X¬zu]Zß�Š~¸XŒÛMy6,D+',™äƈZkЊ„',ŠZgƒ‰X‡Šc*ã’q-Ð)æ‚w(¬ZDwÃ(}òŵ¶pZ[z{)5391Y~(
Zk’q-ÆçZ]ÐMÇ{ƒ`ÔZkaZkÅizgŠZg#¿ÅXoÆ_«»Z¤/t|xìāZDw~p´VƒCgS‰2LLz{L¼�ÛâD
ZzgZk®Í/õGÆ�ZDwÃQÐzu]Zß�Š~t™1 03 ¸ZzgL¼XóóYñÂt„~Zg»7ìÉ„~ÝwìXŒÛMÈœÅgzÝ~zu]Zß�ŠÅ
233
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
izgŠZg#¿ÆZkÃbÅÜô@*GZq-ÎZD¶Ky0Y@*?oä–åāZDwgzòÆ%h+÷1Z#èEEL²!Æ#³qÑè
gzò÷á¤/Šìâ~»Zzgâ~÷á¤/ŠìZ#èEEL²!»ZzggzòZzgZ#èEEL²!LL!Zz„óóÆ+÷TÆZDw#³÷X2tāz{!*m,h+ÆÌæZb÷ZzgZyÆ#³Z#èEELŠÆÌÔZâxZ1�ÆÌZzg†Zß;[¦~ÆÌ'eZË@*|ä–āLL|]o丄t�Ûn™1ìāZDwË{m¤/z{Ô�Ûºc*ÝÆ0*ȃVÐZzgZk{môÐ!*CÙŠxgZyÆaNqƒ**eczg:¬7§Š»:òÑixM@*ìXóó'eZË@*|ÅZkëw!*]Æ�Z[~oä–āeZË™r#»LLѸ„tìā�¿Ë{m�Ûº»0*ȃZЄŠ!*'ìÅZYi]ìXóó'eZË@*|»tÑ7åXZ\kìāoä¼àÅXoÆ4,Šq-t§ŠìāZDw!*m,h+ÆÌæZb÷ZzgZ#èEELŠÆÌÔZâxZ1�ÆÌZzg†Zß;[¦~ÆÌXKÅ!*]tìāZDwZyZ¡ZŠÆYì÷ZzgtZy»„~§Š7ìXzztìātÓxZ»',©ÔZÎÒ·åZzgŒÛMyÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷X˜VJ-Z#èEEL²!Ôâ~ZzggzòÅQ*Š~÷á¤/Š~»mìÔZkÐè$aZHŠHìXt**¦/k,!*]7ìā÷á¤/ŠCÙçA~Q*ŠÐZ·t™}XZgTÆZ#îyÐZ%Ã]
zZãZzgúc*V÷XZgTäZ#îyÆÛZVw6,WÅì&ZDwäuZ;Z#èEEL²!Å#¿ZDwäzu]Zß�ŠÅzzÐÅXgzòZ¤/–wo 13 ìX
c*!Zz4ÂZDwZkŠú}Ť&7™DXgzòÐZDw zu]Zß�Š~ÅZgZŠ]q~»:Lgzò»!Zz4ƒ**7ìXYìZ¡ZŠƒäZzg„~§Š»%>ƒä~�ÛtÅpgeczg:7Òû ELƒZzgè%»ZkygìÇXeZË@*|ÆZq-Òy6,o»û{Zkè%ÅVwìXeZË@*|˜÷:
LL§ŠZ¤/ìÂZk»gÇÓ¬Ý~ìÔZKãi0+ÏƬxbCÙ~
333
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
ìZzgtZ¡ZŠ„Å»g�ÛâðìTÐ|CÙMy5÷áyÐā{¤/ƒCìXâ»ZKã»Zg»Ô�d$z')å GOyÅF,¹ÔMiZŠ~ÅkBZzgìÔƒZϧŠèZñ¬Ý»¼gìXÝòÅZ•ðfª)ÝòÅgZ](MiZŠ~Å—£ò)MiZŠ~Åð(»ñZ#k�ìXíÆ‚BÑ»z�ŠzZhìX}.g°Ìì¤gÌì!ÂQ§ŠèÒy6,HZ‹ZnìXZ#b8çXL¬ÝÅãCŠ§Š6,ìXZ¤/§ŠZq-|ìÂQF,)È|ZDwÃZy
23 Z¡ZŠÆÒyÅzzÐYVLL**úŠóó¤/ŠZ**YñXóóeZË@*|ä7Òû ELƒZzgè%»ŠgzZi{ÅwŠc*ìXZDwF,)y|ZysV~7ìāz{ízÑŠzâVÆF,)y÷XZvÅ°àZzg)àÌ]Zq-Šzu}ÅÕ7÷®ZZysV~„Š7÷XZDwZ¡ZŠÆYì¢zg÷pz{ízÑÔ©zÑuZzg¬zZsxÆYì7ÉZyZ¡ZŠÆYì÷XÅZsxÐ_“ìXZyZ¡ZŠ~GzyŠÔ].h+zŠ*ÔÑtz¾[Ôgzbz$+yÔpŠ~z"pŠ~)�ÛŠz)®)(ÇzZ¿ŠÔ7Òð EM]z7Òð EM]Zzg£™z„z){÷áï÷XZkK~§›ÒyÅF,I»ZEwŠg„7ìX§Š»âœ{"—¡ìpY!üLZ¡ZŠƒäZzg„~§ŠZ]»qïƒäÆsV~�ÛtìXŠzâVÃi$Òû™**ßìXeZË@*|ÆZkÒyÐ
oäp[Éîñ÷Xo˜÷:LLeZË™r#ätt�Ûâc*ìā§ŠZ¤/ì»gÇÓ¬Ý~ìXZKãi0+ÏƬxbCÙ~Ô}.ZÅÌ]~ìXŒÛMy~ì'ZkaZDwƧŠ6,Z‹Zn7ƒ**ecXY觊|ìZzg‘Õä O)ZDwF,)È|¸XZq-„q»Zïg
33 ZzgZŒÛZg&+Z‹pŠ**gzZ7Xóó
433
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Zq-„q»ZïgZzgZŒÛZg&+Z‹pŠ**gzZìXt§ŠÒãÆi%}~MñÇX}©ÔÑuZzgg‚ª»ZŒÛZgzZïgX@*ëGÔ=ÔætÔf[Ô${ðG
OsÔ].h+ÔŠ*z){Z˜jV~ÐCÙZq-ÃZq-qìw™**Šg„7ìXGÃ<îF0Y**V~M',z',!*Š™äÃÌë÷ZzgŠCÙ~Z\êL·åÐZYÑ™äÃÌXZDwä¬GÅ#¿ZzgŠzu}Å×e$ÅìX“¨ÿ
GLÈgZzg
ŠZøâgZãZq-„q7ìXæt~ZY×V÷Â',Z×VÌ÷X¸qwf[»ÌìX${ð
GOsZsòÌìZzg)ZsòÌXÎZz‡]ZDwZq-„
,ÅæbÌ™D÷Zzgè#ÖÌXZkÅzz,Ƈ&ÿEL°pZzg‡&ÿELè#ÖUƒD÷Xo»tIā}.ZÅÌ]~§ŠìÔZysV~Šg„7āz{Zq-Šzu}ÅÕ÷XZy»tIāŒÛMy~§ŠìÔeZ„ÆáZŠsìXeZË@*|Ðt]™[™**ÌßìXŒÛMy~§Š7ìZzgZDw»Ì].ZyaèœZ‰ÜzÑèŒÛMy»MsŠZgìZka§›Òyc*„~§ŠÆÍÐ0*uìXoZºM!*Š~pŠ!*ÆHyTË6,ãÔZÐZk§bÒyHì:
LL�VBZz6,Š~ˆ÷ZyБÕä O)ƾw6,ws7MYYèCÙ™r#è¾wZzg[ƼÃc*]Z݃D÷ÔX6,
z{ZL�ÅãCŠg‚rìZzg¼Ãb�ÛqƒD÷�Zm‹$åO¬~çzyƒD÷XZzg¼ÃbZ,ƒD÷XÃ�ÛqÌ7
43 ¹YYZzgz{¡@*Gc*8jèEL¯xÆ�gZEwƒD÷XóóZDw$+yZzggzbÆYì÷XpŠ~z"pŠ~ÆYì÷X„z¿
ÆYì÷XŠ-È~',w~ÆYì÷Zzg”ÛÆYì÷Xz{LZzgÎãæ™D÷pÎãZzg-ãæ™äÆÜs÷XZsxZq-§bÅZ·ZKìZzgZsxuâñÅ]ÃZOŠ~ÂxÐ{g`7™@*XtŠzâV
533
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
$¹é EL]Zsx„ÆjZáÐZDwäÒyK÷XpZ(7ìāZDwZsxÂxà ZzgJZ:Z·ZKæ™DƒVc*ZsxÆ‚BY�ŠZg~ZzguâtŠZg~
Æ ¦™äÆqòƒVX¿tāZDwhZzg!*ëÆYì7÷XZDwhZbCÙÆYì÷pZ{z{Zq-Šzu}Å¡ƒVc*„CÙ¡Š3ðŠïƒVX
Zðx@LLZDwÅgYịtóó~˜÷āLLZ¤/Ë÷á²Æf6§ŠÃúc*VHYñÂßvë÷ā÷á²My÷á²ìZÐ,ZzgyÅF,Ziz6,ÂܹVÅŠZ**ðìXóót]Z÷ágtìZk!*]»ā,ZzgyÅF,Ziz6,Â%ÐZDw»f6§Šúc*Vƒ@*ìXOçMЙ!540î EGOE§ŠÃZk§búc*VHì:
LLZDwäi0+ÏÆKÆe~Zk"3ðIEe$ÐvŹÃÒÅTäæ¹ZŠ[6,ZW,eZÑåZzg${ð
GOsÆ,~ŸzYy
»�Ût0™%ŠZgƒð¶XZk&ÃZ,VäLL',ZñÄÆóóÂZYŒp‘:wÐZÐt™äÐZïg™Šc*:@zYVgZŠz@*ƯxZ„&@zYVgZŠz@*Šh+ywZxZ„'t›ë»ZŠgZu™äŧsZq-¹ZëŠxåpii0+Ï~z{',Z',$+yZzggzbÔ_ZzgYy0*uÅŠzðÆ6~úYD¸Zzgt§ŠZ¹z].Zã¶Kozä]ÅuzVÆMÐ
53 (,"ÐgzÂåXóóZðx@ä,zyÅMh~ZDwÆ;V),’êLpŠ§Šúc*V™
Šc*ìX!*]ÜsZâìāZDwYyz@æ™gì÷‰z{Š+z(„æ™D÷X(„Š+Ð].Zƒ™5ä~0YCìÔZϧbYy0*uÃ
LLÒjèIELgZ¯].h+óó 63 ÃZ0+Zi™äzZà_6,zg~ÃZDwä‚âÈñ]¹ìX
ÆT£xÐqgz!*ÑÄ1ŠHìÔz;Vñ�ŠtZÃgZDwÆ$©�î EG0ÃÅ
zŸs#™D÷:
633
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
$+yqá¯ZjZÁ§]Z„ OV7æ{g'çEL»Ñ]Z„óéozŠ,gZëŠz@*Šh+ $+ygZ@*�Û8-ZiYV].ZŠh+
73 #èGEL"YyzYÈ"ãÁ •§q¶(z¢/õ
EEÁZðx@ŧbeZË&Š@äÌZDwÆ„~§Š»Šúò—M°ÐHìpZy»ŠúòÌ"YyìZzgZyÅŠæV~Ãðziy7ìXZL*yLLì=ù”î0Z¡ZŠZ}ZDwÂ!óó~&Š@˜÷:
LL¡¾æE
LZDwƧŠc*ÚÆèÃgÐðŠ7Zkaā¡ÒiªîEE
0].h+~§ŠúŠì:ā**úŠ'Z¤/âˆZÅŒ43š5é EGGCRÐc»M¸iHYñÂZDwÆ${ð
GO§}.Z„Ч›„MDgì'
ZDwÅZÅ;5é XWG]xzu]ÅqïìpZkƈZ#z{âzgòc*”èÀƃ6,MD÷Âz{}.ZÆZyŠz${ð
GOgZ]Ã5äÅ
ÃÒ™D÷X”èÀ»${ðG
Og¬xîg6,zu]Zß�ŠÐ™[HY@*ìZzgZDwÅøáÆ_.t${ð
GO§Zsx»%GìX
83 óó ZDwÆìw~}.ZâzgZÌìZzg”èÀÌXeZË&Š@äZDwÆ${ð
GO§}.Z~§Š»Šúò™DƒñŒÛMÈœ
ÃÃZ0+ZiHìX}.ZâzgZÌìZzg”èÀÌXt¡ZDw»ìw7ìÉŒÛMy~}.Z»¸${ð
GOgìX)zŸs#ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔHZDwzu]Zß�Š~
÷?(eZËñßsäZDwÆZ°gÅŠzu~RZy»${ðG
O§»Ñ]CðìpMИ÷āLL¡¾æ E
LZDw 93 ZkK~ZyÅcС¾æ ELZDw»Ãð§Š7áCX
ÅŠ~RZy»�Y,ì&Z,Vä"pŠ~»**xŠc*ìXŒVZ,VäáZiy$©�î EG
0ûo]Šc*ìXZsxÆçÑCÂx~Z¹z{@ÂZiyÃM@*ì˜V�ÛŠÅ›zú"çƒ$ËìZzg˜V)®)Æ£t»CÙ9
04 Z�ZxHY@*ìXóó
733
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
&Š@ÆZkZ‹Z½|6,Ëû}Å¢zg]7Xpz{Â−ZDwÆ„~§ŠÅ¶K0+„™äÔOç˜÷āLLZyÆZ°g~pŠ~6,ZkŠgizgMìāZk!*g}~Zy»Ã~ÂZiy»ƒY@*ì'Zkƈ"pŠ~Æi'×ó{:6,~Åq¥x™D÷XóótZ‹Zn„~§Š6,7ÉÃ~°ÄÂZiy6,ìpßìXZDwÆ;V�ÛŠz)®)ÆK~ÂZiy
²ZVóó»f™™Æ˜÷āLLçÑC)b6,M &Š@LL¤ò! 14 ñ�ŠìXZDw»‚gZZ¿Š~$©�î EG
0ûƒY@*ìZzgz{ŠZ#Ö6,4»DgƒYD ™÷Xóó'ŒV».$zs\.-ôGZzgZÝZ}Mg±ï
YEÅMzZi™s‹ðŠ}g„ì
ZzgÎZwtaZƒ@*ìāHZ¿Š~$©�î EG0ÃÆ�úg]òc*ãZzg%ŠzVÆ‚B
ÒZ%oÅMiZŠ~Š~Y$Ëì?eZË&Š@'×h+˜÷:LL�YZ°g~ZDw»LLù”î0Z¡ZŠóóƒ**Zkz‰ÜZzgic*Š{U*"$ƒY@*ìZ#z{të÷āLL~ZsxÃZq-nÅZ·ZK„
&ƒV''ÉëÈMh÷āãCŠ~îg6,âœe$ZzgŠCÙe$Æ´z{Z¹âgËZ·ZKZzgZsx~ÃðZzg�ÛtÃ7M@*'ZkÆaZ,VäLLZsòZ·ZKóóÆÃgñá~Îeì'ZzgZ#z{CKZzgZ·ZKï~gÄ™të÷ā:
¾tŠh+xCÙŠzgZŠgM[zÉCÙŠzgZ@gz×z@*gq-Šw!
ÂZ(¥xƒ@*ìāâŠ"ìGOGÆ�6,z{@6,zg~Zzg_6,4ÆgzZîZ‹ZŸ]Å1Yh™gì÷'ŠgZÝZ#ÌÃð!¨¾æ EOèI
ßZzgâgËZ·ZKÃëM}™äÅÃÒ™}ÇÂZÐ24 ÇXóó Z,%ZiЊzegƒ**7,}ÇXz{„Š${ð
GOgZ]~Îd
833
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
øzñVÅ×e$ZsxÌ™@*ìZzgÎcxÌXZDwäZkzzÐZsxÃZq-§b»Îcx¹X@*ëZsòZ·ZK»ÃgñÑZDw»7ìZzg:z{ZsxZzgâg±h4ïGGÃëM}™D÷XZDwäâŠ"ìGOGZzgŠCÙe$ÅœuÌ]Æ!*)CKZzgZ·ZKï~g3ìXZyÆ4,Šq-:CÙŠz
ª]ìāZDwÅ#¿âŠ"ìGOGZzgŠCÙe$ 34 m,ŠZV**ÙkÔMŠx�Ûd$!÷XÆ!*z�ŠeZË&Š@tŠúò™D÷āZDwäZsxZzgâgËZ·ZKÃëM}™äÅÃÒÅìXtŠg|&Š@ÅfZCQWìXz{pŠ§Šè„»Dg÷XZsx~ÃðZ+¶7&Šzg™äÆaZÐZ·ZK»‚—c*ѧ¯c*YñXZDw‰%›¢ÐZ,Ãgñá™[™**
&CÿLÃìXtÃÒŠzu}F,¹IzVäÌÅìXZuŠZgQ~äZDw(ËÆŠzg~–āò’q-èMiZŠ~»‚gZ§ŠZDwÅ÷á²~~eRŠHX2ZDwÅ‚%Z`Š#ZzgZ§á‚B‚B¹÷XZ,VätŠúòÌHāZk§ŠÅzz
44 ÐZDwÅ÷á²~}Z•ð—Ô@Zzg%æFN“{ƒìZzg}"Z•-XZDw(Ë~**»òƈ§ŠÆZ‹Zn~3,òZzg¶MCìZzgZ•ðä»
Z[ZuŠZgQ~ÃpŠ~ZzgZ·ZK~ÌÃðÚ 54 Z²ZxŠxÂhŠêìXŠ3ð7ŠêX˜÷āLLZDwäyz*yÅ’q-èMiZŠ~ZzgZ·ZKÌ
Z·ZÅŠZ›gzV~;Z£;Å 64 ZL¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~»Zq-z¯™Š¬XóówZkZ±gлŠìāZ,VäÔZDwÆK~!!*ic*V73NZzg
:Z•I~»bCÙ{HXZyÅgZñìāZDwÆZ’ZðZzgMy~Z°gzìÑ]~Zq-ŠZ½g*Zzgöì�IU70*@*XZZz‡]~%jx÷á²äXÃc*]Å‚Zzg=ôÅìZy~Z%sÂìÚ7ìXZkZ%sÃ
74 Ì;äÃc*]ZDw»Zg»ŒÛZgŠc*ìXeZË&Š@Æ4,Šq-LL¡¾æ
ELZDw»$}é GMEŠZyÆ(ÏÃc*]ÅR6,
933
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
Zzgic*Š{zZãƒY@*ìXóóZkZ‹Zn»Y,{Zk§bÆŠzu}Z‹ZŸ]Æ‚BMÐ^™1YñÇXZkЬ¼ZzgŠZ›gzVÆZ‹ZŸ]6,Zq-ÃeZw¢8oƒìX
5555ÐZ£˜÷āLLZq-ÂZDw„z¿~§Š»gŠÙ÷ÔŠzu}
„ÿÐ�ÛzF,ë÷X÷~‚g~WZDwÆZÏgÍb6,ì'ZyÅÇÑZyÆ„~MŠòƒäÅzzÐìÂQMy~ÎZwtƒÇ:z{„~MŠòª
ZL‰MŠñV6,iMŠòÃF,ßYVŠï÷?'ZDw÷á²Ô…Ô!¨¾æEO
¸X¸Zy»ÑsZzgZqÐiìXZ[ÎZwÜsZÚì:z{�¼ZkÅÔYV84 ™D÷Zzg÷á²~Ô�Zzg„6,¿ÃYVF,ߊï÷Xóó
ÐZ£»t!í�Šg„7ìāZDw„z¿~§Š»gŠÙ÷XÄ~Z0+Z¯ÒyÐz{Zkß.~2ƒñ÷XZDw„Zzg¿ŠzâVÆYì÷ÉZyÅ„~÷á²~Zy»x¿ìXÐZ£2s÷āLLZDwÅ÷á²~øg}a%ŠZÈ¿ÆDÙZgzV»g**ñVÐ(,Z¿ìXóótŠg„ìāZDw„Ðic*Š{¿6,izgŠï÷XÐZ£2n÷āZDwZ(YV™D÷XZ¤/z{ZDwŧsg�q™DÂZ¹ZkZ‹Zn»�Z[ïY@*XZôm,~h]ÆŠâd»ª]ÐZ£ÅZkK~ÔÓxQåV»�Z[ìXZDwä–ìāLLŒÛMyZq-Z+Â[ì�„Ðic*Š{¿6,izgŠîìXóóÅ&¢AÐCÙË-V̾{zg7ƒCp¿CÙZq-Æa¢zg~ìXeZËÝx@{yä–ìāLLŒÛMÈ0*u~$¨¾æ
GEOÆa)Áz÷(Z/Mt÷Ô&åGO%æEOÆaMJÔ$©ªî GEGÆaäÔÅgÆaZûÔ$š¨ÿ
GGOÆaZ™kZzgû}Æaàâ})ù·122(Ôp¿™ÔÆa&Î×
94 Mt÷Xóó
043
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
eZËz©‚]˜÷āLLZDwZ#ZK�~Â[ú].h+ZÅ;5é XWG‹ZsðÐ?Ø™ZK÷á²~~"3©3ú
GEGGL=ÃZCÃg¯™Zy’<å XL].h+Æq&]6,b™D÷ÂZy»„~§Šúc*Vƒ@*ì'‘Õä O)äZLh]~}Ì=Ãgh™GÃgZÚ¯äÅ!*]7Å'ZDw»§Štìāz{Ä~T=Ç&ÿEL¤/ŠyiŠãB÷ÔZÐ�~“¨ÿ
GLZ`ZðŒÛZgŠ}™ZsxZzg
è<ػУ[z°ŠŒÛZgŠ}Šï÷'Äz�ŠzâV~ZÖgäZDwÆZ0+gGz=ÅZq-¡¦Mzm,lÃÀŠc*XZkõfMgZðc*Mzm,lÐZq-½
05 "p�gÆÎZ¼|x³7ƒ@*XóóZDwäh]~z].ZyÅ×e$ÅìX›ÆaZDwä
ZEwHìX@*ëT§b=Ô„ÔDZzgÕZq-¤/z{Æ love Zôm,~Â(intution) ZÖp÷ÔZϧb¢Ô›ÔGÔ†VÔØg¶©VZzgÌ].Zy
ÐG%ZŠ¢8ß intution Šzu}¤/z{~÷áï÷XZy~s~g*ìZzg7ìXZDwä–ìā„zÌ].ZyZq-Šzu}Æwp7÷ÉZq-
Ä~Ì=zGÅÑZ•zzu]6,ZDwä 15 Šzu}ÅŠ™D÷X“¨ÿG
LÈgpŠ¾è»1ƒCìZzgZÒŠÆŠgzZ™CìXZkÅ 25 izgŠc*ìX@*y}.Z6,4ÆOñâœ{6,46,I¦ìX¸=ì�Óx1†ì²GÓx@ìX=‚%~ìZzgGæX=»»[®zigìZzgG»
=¢Š6,„ìZzgG�}.Z»gÎwZzg}.Z»¯xìª 35 MiZŠ~z%vXŠ+zZZyÅ´#ÖìÔ)®)ZzgZK+MÆaZôg»Z÷ágtìXZDwätNÜsÄ~Òy7HÉ�~ÌZkÅzŸs#ÅìXZDw˜÷:
LLH~M`Ð΂wˆi0+{gƒVÇ?7ÔQ=H¢zg]ìāZLM\ÃxÆaŒÛ!*y™zV't"u™äzZÑÎZwì�˸xÆZ�ÛZŠÆŠßV~aZƒ**eìZzgT»
143
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
Ãð[�Z[øg}0*k7ìXpZkç**uµÆz‰Üè<ØZKŠ„�~™@*ìZzg…C@*ìāZôg±ZzgzVÆœÃZLfZCœ6,lxgppů=7ìÉtn�
Zg»ñâqZKãZzgxÆaJ¢zg~ìÔZq-¯tZ°Š]45 Zßw6,FFìXóó
ZDwT=ÅÙD÷Zzg&LL¤/ŠyiŠãóóB÷z{¸ìXt=**g‚ìZzg|»ZŠgZu7™$ËXLL!*8-èŠgZóóÅMy~
Lç1]ó»tÄZÏbÅzŸs#™@*ì:"çÊ7,ZM$øGI
L!zŠ~GÔ=ì&BðLÓ÷áñÅïEL!*xZÌX
Gz=ÅtMzm,lízÑÅMzm,lìXZнZzg"p�gŒÛZgŠbz©‚]»fZCiøìT»›ëÅŠ*ÐÃðm7ìX=�gÑÅ´#ÖÐsÃZDw�ÛiZāz=Å°pz×e$Ä~Ì™D÷ÔZϧbT§bGÅ×e$™D÷XŒVZq-ÄLLÓZzg÷á²óóZzgŠzuZLLKŒÛ\óóÐÜHY@*ì:
ؾ"6,zZŠHÔ¡¾æE
L†eŠH¾~À~:Š-ZäÔ:�ÛiZägì=Å2wìz{ÔG»qÝìz{
7ÒªîG0MÃt~¤/&ö0Àìz{eZËz©‚]äZDwÆÌ].ZyÃ�zÄ~Šz¤™ÆŠ¬ì
Zzg§Š»Z²Zx¬Z+™Šc*ìX2"pZzg½‰ZÖpZEwK÷�ic*ŠCZkÐs 55 ìXz{pŠ2s÷ā�ZzgÄ~Z¶Kð„V»�Ûtƒ@*ìX
ÃZDwÅÄz�~Ãð§Š7ìX-ŠU*ã÷7gMiZŠòÆ÷ZzgܙƘ÷ā 65 ',ÑZày~ªx5+k,÷Xz{ZDwÆŠz÷{ZÃgX
243
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
LLZyZÃg~ZDwäŠznÅ™VÅ÷XZq-tāGZzg=ÆŠgxyZq-**Y,§ŠaZHì&Z,VäpŠZLZôm,~Æh]~šŠH
-ŠU*ã 75 ìXŠzu}gñ¯|ÅMÇ„ÃLL’êELGóóJ-özŠ™Šc*ìXóó
ÆZ‹ZŸ]6,Ë×zû{Å¢zg]7X�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~ZL*y>ZyLL‘Õä O)ZDwÐ0plxVóó~
˜÷āLLgzÏZ·ZÅÂÄi0+ÏÌF”V~Šú]Š}g;ì&yz*yÅÌ90*gkVäZCÑây1ìXZzgTÆ‚BZDwÌ»**6,Š{™äѸXZDwÅz{ÄT~šÃ}.ZÆ‚t7HŠHìÔZkZ%ű9ZC
Zk 85 i!*yÐâi~™g„ìāZDwÅ„c*]§Šz£Šx»Dgƒ™g{‰XóóЬ4791Y~Ô‘Õä O)ZDw6,Â{Ô©gM!*Š)¸g](Çg~eZËgZ`·ŠgÍhäZDwÆ„~§ŠÅzŸs#ÆaZÏÄZzgZkÐzZhZ‹ŠzV»‹t™ÆøDfs³Z~.Hå:
LLZDwÅ„Zk2wÐMÐ7(,f''z{œ¿6Ã�Zq-6')å GOyZzgZq-5�d$»zgìZq-5¤‰ÜÆgz\~7ŠN0*ñXZyÅ„zÃÅt**g‚ðŠgZÝèI
95 ${ðG
OgZ]ZzgZ0+Z„J-ZLM\ÃözŠgpp»³ìXóó�ÛZtZzgÍhŠzâVgzÏZ·ZKÆ**xCZ÷XŠzâVÅMgZÔZDwZzg
Z·ZKÆjZáÐÔZ÷XeZËgZ`·ŠgÍh»IìāZsxJ-pŠÃözŠgppÅzzÐZDw6Z·ZÅ')å GOyÔ5Z·ZÅ�d$Zzg5Z·ZŤ‰Ü»Z0+Zi{:™nXZyÅZk„~**g‚ð»:Ltìāz{ZsxÆŠZ],}Ð!*CÙ:ònX�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~»!í�ìāZDwgzÏZ·ZÅÂÄi0+Ïл**6,Š{™äÑÔZkaZyÅ„c*]§Šz£Šx»DgƒNXŠzâVMgZЙsªCÙìāyzZ·ZYVÆ0*kZDwÆ„~§ŠÃU*"$™äÆa
343
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
ÇØZ@ñ�Š7÷XZyŠúîVÆP',kˆgzÏZ·ZÅÂx»»i{òŠH**g‚ÔZDwÅ„7¶ÉZy 06 TÅ7ÍðZDwä3291Y~™Š~¶X
Ãå2u4èE
GELZDwÅìXeZËgZ`·ŠgÍhÆ*y»ÄZyì:LL‘Õä O)ZDwÔZy»zgXZzgZyÅ
Ã@*„VóóXZk*y»My~f~ÄZyLLZDw»§ŠZzg„ÅuóóìXegñç¬]Ôúg]ÔZ·ZKÔozIZzg/ge$ÔÆjZáÐÍhäZDwÆ;V§ŠŠ3äÅÃÒÅìXúg]ÆK~LL§ŠóóŶK0+„Z,VäZk§bÅìXÍh˜÷:
LL¶Kè0LU*6ÅCÙ’q-»Zq-ÑiòbzpZ&ÅMiZŠ~ƒ**ecpZDwäZÆ0(,Z„ŠZ#ÖIZ:gÍtZ(gH''z{%ŠÅ',F,~Ãâ+ZzgZk!*]6,¢gnp÷ā%Š„Ãúg]ÆD»hŠg]ÐzŠ<HŠHì't${ð
GOgúg]Ô
%ŠÐZkÆgzZ*ZzgçÑ}~ZkÆgzwÆ!*g}~16 Óx)~Ãc*]ÅÔìXóó
ZDwZsò¶Kè0LU*6Æ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷ZzgZk’q-ÅãK6,6,3Yñ‘Õä O)ZDw»u⛄Zk»MsŠZgzO»¤/ZVâtìXpZ¤/‘Õä O)ZDwÃZL%œ/z"gÐU™-g8$hò EIèLU*6Zzgyz¶Kè0LU*6Æ£gzVÐ6,3Yñ¡¾æE
LZDwzZªZy)~’rVZzg)~Ãc*]ÐÔ¼ŠZñg~Ô„ŠzƒŠx ÂìÉZDwÆ4,Šq-Zsò¶Kè0LU*6»Zq-úc*VU›âVÃf!ZEg
�]ŠÑ**ZzgyzgZ`Ðôp™**åXZDwäLL¢[æóó»zŸ‚**x ÐLLZ´ÈkB“¸çLq¢ÆÜsóóg3ìXZÏÂ[ÐÍhäúg]Ð0ZÃgÜK÷XZ[Z¤/%ŠÐúg]ÆgzZ*ZzgçÑ}~ZkÆgzwÆ!*g}~¡¾æ
ELZDw)~Ãc*]Æo°ìÂZkÐZDw»„~§ŠùU*"$
443
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ƒ@*ìXZkßg]èqwÆ!*g}~¹tYYìāZ¤/ZkâÎÆ)~Ãc*]Šg„÷ÂZDwt6,÷ZzgZ¤/ZDw»$©�î EG
0Êg„샊x)~Ãc*]ß÷X
-g8$hò EIè0LU*6Zzg)~Ãc*]äúg]Ã%ïbÆ%ŠzVÐÒgzZ*gppÅMiZŠ~Š~XZkÐ.Zg~âîVÆ×äÀ1Zzg{0+ZãÂxÅ8ðFNB3ÿXLIXf[~ǸðÔâVdWZzg!*\eÆÒgzZ*ÌZ2ZgƒñXZsxZyÓx!*ÂVÐgzÂìZzgZDwÌXz{aèZsòŠZ],}ÐÂ_7eTZkaúg]ÃZ+MiZŠ~Š¶ÆÜs÷X
eZËgZ`·ŠgÍhÅœZñ!*i‚uE~8791Y~Â{ZDwÇg~‹ðŠ~XÒZ°ÝÃgz¹ä¹āLLZDwÆ;Vúg]ÆaÃð{m£x7ìZzgŒÛMy~úg]Zzg%Š»�Ût7ìÉŠzâV',Z',÷XZDwÆ;V
26 ¹(,Z§ŠìXóót!*]ßìāZDwÆ;Vúg]ÆaÃð{m£x7ìX
ZDwúg]ÅõØeT÷Xz{³ZzgOZwÆ%Š½™Mh÷XZÏ~úg]ÅÂ−ìXŒÛMyäúg]Zzg%ŠÆ�£t',Z',gÇ÷ZDwZyÅ
‚zS™D÷p‰Zñg~ŠzâV~�ÛtÌìXŒÛMyÆ_.%ŠtZq-¡~!*]ìXf!´ÅZ¯Z`M`Ì9%ŠzV 36 úgÂV6,Zx÷X
(harassment) Z%OZ¯Z`~�úg'÷z{%ŠzVÅÒúMzg~ 6,Œ÷X»DggS÷XŒÛMyZÏaúg]Ã"6,Š{Zzg"§ƒäÐI™@*ìXtŠúò¹ÐìāZDwÆ;V¹(,Z§ŠìXZ,Šú}ÆaËkŠ?»ƒ**¢zg~ìX
Õ1~äÔ8791Y„~ÔZDwÇgÂ{~~LLŠzZDwóóÆi%æGLÄZyZq-*y7HXZkÄZyÐ*yógäZq-ZDwÆŠz„Š
543
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
ZDw¯Šb÷XñßsäZDw»„~§ŠT§bLLU*"$óóHìZk§bŠyÃgZ]ŒÛZgŠc*YYìX˜÷:
LLpŠ~ZKyÃpŠZkfZ]~özŠ™ŠîìZzgGŠzu}c*ŠzuzVÅfZ]~ZLÃË™Š¶»$7,J@*ìXZyŠzâV_.1V~ÐZq-»**x,äLLZŒÛZ§fZ]óóZzgŠzu}»LLZï§fZ]óóg3ìXZDwZyŠzZZÅ,çEZ`_.1V~Ãð¢ÈaZ:™nZzgøg}aZÖpzp»Zq-Z(X{:9Z™‰TÐëZLuùu÷Zzgt™70*DāZDw…LLZuZ§pŠ~óó»
46 ŠgkŠ}gì÷c*LLgñ¯6Š~óó»$7,Jgì÷Xóó¸g]~Z,ZÍwāwŠZ›gÆ**xÆ‚BLL‘Õä O)óó»‚—Îc*Y@*
ìXÕ1~c*Â63gì÷c*6Š}gì÷XpŠ~ZzgGZZÅ,çEZ`_."ZDwÆ;V7÷XZDwÆ4,Šq-pŠ~GÐLƒCìX
Õ1~ZCu¹u÷Zzg™70*DāZDwLLZuZ§pŠ~óó»ŠgkŠ}gì÷Xc*LLgñiè"pŠ~óó»$7,Jgì÷²ZDwƬx‡gMÌB÷āZ,VäŠzâV$7,Jñ÷XÕ1~ÅŠZøÃZ¤/Ãð6g~ÑhìÂ
Zk»´`ÌìXZ.$]4ïEH™ÆOñ¼:–YñX6666
yzîVÔZ·ZYVÔy~x6,„›âVZzgà:äzƒ43ïEGGZzgZsx2ZsxZzgZK+MÆjZáÐZDwÆ„~§Š»¹leHìXZyjZßVÐZDwÆ;V:„~§Šñ�ŠìZzg:ÃðU*"$™eìZ%2¤Å»zlÐpŠZyÆf6ZqtÒZi!*xƒYD÷X�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~ZDwÅr#ZßmZzg›èZsx~zZ㧊ŠÙ÷XZy»Iì:
"Iqbal's poetry from the very beginning reflected a new
mentality and personality which in English is
643
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
described as 'split personality' i.e. a personality which
owing to some internal contradictions gets divided
into two.Those two parts existed in conflict with and
in contradiction to each other. One part was patriotic
while the other loved Islam or was communalist."65
eZË&Š@»ÒyìāLLZ¤/yz*ã›yÆ»ÅZkŠz4ª»�y~oZzgsi~á~˶ÔZ0+Zi{™**ƒÂZDwƯx»_·ÙXz{øg~(Ïxìà»4+MsŠZgìXZk~LL‚g}˜VÐ
ZYyz*VøgZóóÌìZzgLLuz²[øgZyz*VøgZóó»_./Ì»g�ÛâìX(Ï„»t§ŠZDwÆZ’ZðŠz§÷á²~J-özŠ7XZkŠzg~ÌZ#
z{si~á~Çgì¸'ZyÅŠp{uzíÐ',ŒÛZgg„XZksi~á66 ÆŠzg~Zk$™*î
EE0y~ÃÌ%g�¢ƒæÅZq-ÄLLûZyóó~MìXóó
eZËgZ`·ŠgÍh˜÷āLLz„ZDw2VäLL‚g}˜VÐZYyz*VøgZóó»È{—HåZq-2w6,V™ì”÷LL›÷ëzíì‚gZ˜VøgZóó'ZDwÅ„ŒV´‡ð0*yqxZzgZpé‹ZsòÆ
Z,Z‹ZŸ]¼ŠŠZ›gzVäK÷Xt 76 Šgxy”Zî~QÏYCìXóóZzg (Patriotism) ŠZ›gZDwÆ„~Zg»ÃKÐU·™D÷c*r#Zßm
~�ÛtgzZ7gnpX (Nationalism) zí6,4ZDw5091YJ-Bèzí̸Zzgzmx6,„ÌX„~Zz[Æ
zmrc*y~x6,4»${ðG
OgF,u™Šc*ZzgZsòr»${ðG
OgZC1'Zk„~Zg»ÆˆZDwi0+Ͻ;gìXZsx8ïEOèzíÅZYi]Šêìāt
Zq-¡~_./ìX‘Õä O)ZDwBzíMyJ-gìX&Š@ä¢[èæÅÄLLûQyóó»f™HìXZkÄ~{¿zíЊpr#ZßmÆi%}~MCìXLL‚g}˜VÐZYyz*yøgZóóc*LL{uzí»íÃCÙf¨{Š-@*ìóónÅ÷á²~�zmr6,4»1ìÔZDwÆa¢~î G
0âè0743
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
6091YƈÐZKzÃ]J-ZDwZsòrÔZsòZpé]Zzg 86 ¶XZsòZ�ŠÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZggìXZkK~¡¾æ E
LZDw~ÃðÚc*§Š7åX:Zy»f‚Ëå:,X�ÛZtäZsxÐZDwÅ›Ã�Û‘6,4¹ìXZk6,ZµÐcMÐg„ìXZDwÆ„~Zg»ÃÃZ0+Zi™Æè$z„ßvaZ™D÷�y~rÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZgZzgZsò${ð
GO§rÆ#³÷X
T§br#ZßmZzgZsx~ÃðÚ7ìZϧbZsxZzgZK+M~ÌÃð§Š7ìXZyßÍVäZkK~Ìè$aZHìX�ÛZtä–ìāLLZDwÅIiŠÏc*†yIc*IZzgZkÆ‚B‚BZKy
ZkЬ7VÍgÄ7g~ä– 96 Šz4»ŠúòŠzŠw6»Dgƒ™g{ŠHìXóóå'LL™~7M@*āZy»ÝZK+MZzgMÃEåc*enÅ$Ò3ï OGGZzg
Õ1~ 07 Zss6,4'tÁÜ!*ëpÐ÷�˧bèz]7ƒMhXóóLLŠzZDwóó»M¸iZk§b™D÷:
LLZDw÷á•çL$Òï OGc*ZDw÷á•çLMÃtÔZDw÷á•çLZsxc*÷á•çLZK+MÔŠ*ÆZŠ!òV~tÎZwåi%æGLcgLìXWÅ8
17 ~ÌZDwÅ\B{3ïIEOGG™zCÙ~ÃMCìXóó
ZDw÷á•çL$Òï OGÌ÷Zzg÷á•çLMÃtÌXz{Zsò¶Kè0LU*6ì@$™-.çG
GLâ»fg=B÷XZDw÷á•çLZsxÌ÷Zzg'÷á•çLZK+MÌXZsxZzgZK+M~Ãð§ŠzÚ7ìXZDwÅ„~,~zu]ìZzgZsx„ä
Z¹Mù÷á²z!¨¾æ EO“WÆa0*GZgZ‚k�ÛZëÅìXZŒÄZyLL¡¾æE
LZDwözŠc*Mù?óóÆ�Zk6,,ÐgzÝeZàˆìX
7777ZDwZsò¶Kè0LU*6Æ÷á²z!¨¾æ EO÷XZsò${ð
GO§rZzg${ð
GO§0*Îy
ZÏeÅš/c*V÷XZDw»t£xÔZsxZzg0*ÎyÆ#5ÅÃ~dì
843
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Zzgz{S%ZÄZDwžnÐZDwçb§bÆZ‹ZŸ]»@s¯D÷XZyZ‹ZŸ]~ZDwÆ„~§Š»Z²ZxÌ÷áïìX-VÂZ,0*ÎãÌ÷�0*ÎyÃZsx»%°æELCkâ+ÆOñzmgc*„Å^~ŠÙ
ZzgZ,y~›ŠZ›gÌ÷�ZDwƧŠÃZsòZŠÒ]~ˆl 27 ÷XpZsxZzg0*ÎyŠzâVÆ¢»gŠÔyzÔZ·ZÅZzgZ3ÿXLf[ 37 ™D÷X
÷XZy¤/zƒVäZDwÆ„~§ŠÃU*"$™äÅ{mîg6,ÃÒÅìXZk£x6,».$zs\.-ôGÆZkZ‹Zn6,Zq-ÃeZ$oƒìT»f™Z’Z~ƒZåpT6,c7ƒðX\.-ôG2nìāZDwzm¸rZzggzZî
ZsxÅ#¿™@*ìpZkÆ!*z�ŠgzZî›Q!ï OGÆar»%æFN�l${ðG
Og7HìX\.-ôGÆ4,Šq-ZDwäZsxÃZq-dZyÆ‚t9Z™Šc*ì�¬@dZyìZzgT»ÓxèZ<ØÂoìX].h+Š*Æczè›ë
Z,÷āèIgÍtZ[‡&ÿELt7ƒYX\.-ôGqìāZDwÆ4,Šq-Zsx»ÈìgZ„gz~XZysVÅgzÐZ·ZÅÔ)ZIÂ[Ôz{eZË�J÷Zzgz{Zb�|ð÷2µÐ�]ŠÑäzZáyzZzgŠzu}ÓxßvXÆZqwZi÷ÔÇ›yŒÛZg0*D÷X'pZDwZLZk${ð
GOgÐ
?Ø™ZÏgzZî$Òï OGÃáä÷�**x.Š›yìXZkÆ'â}°œZ�ÛZŠ›yZka÷āZyÆzZ−+›y¸XZDwÅizÊZg~Ç›âV
)Z·ZYVÔ|ÇVÔyzîVZzgJzV(Æ‚Bƒ**ec¶²Z(7ìX47 ZDwÅzÊZg~**x.Š›âVÆ‚Bì�‘!*i÷ZzgÐ];D÷X
\.-ôGÆZÝZ‹Zn»Y,{heЬZkƉè´V»f™¢zg~ìXZDwZ#gŠzgzZîZsxÆÜs!*]™D÷ÂZsxÆËãCŠ~gÁc*ãCŠ~½ÐZāZsÅS7™DXZy»izgãCŠ~x]Å@*|zse$6,ƒ@*ìX}Z#z{ë÷:g{gÌZfZVgz—šà:g„ÔÂZk
943
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
»Èt7āZfZyÅgÌÈ™Š´ecÉÑtìāZfZy~gz—šàƒãecXZÏaZDwë÷:
z{\?ç MTаi@*ìÛÈz�Š57 ƒCìÈÒñðÅZfZVÐaZ
ZϧbZDwgŠúi6,W™D÷ÂZy»Ñtƒ@*ìāZ,�›y‘!*i÷Zzg 67 >}»ZÈxƒTÐCÙŠzuZ>{wZxƒYñX
Ð];D÷ZDwZ¹Mh};ðVfe÷ZzgZyÅ„~R×™D÷XÎ5áÅ#¿™D÷p—0*tfÆŠgŠZy÷X§Š~zgGã
${ðG
Os»Âh™D÷pZk${ðG
OsÅ×e$™D÷�ZsòŠZ],}ÆZ0+gZzgZk»MsŠZgƒXCKÆÜs÷ZzgZÎÒgÎwåÃZK+MÅcZ`B÷X
\.-ôGZq-§sÂ]èZ<ØÅÙ@*Zzg’p”{èZ<ØÆ‚BZsxÃÌQhZŠbeLìZzgŠzu~§s›âVÆ£«~Z·ZYVÆ‚B‚B|ÇVZzgyzîVÅÌ°p™@*ìXZk~—7ā)›pçVÆâ´ƒVZzgZi»xuZ�xŠ,ÂZyÅdƒãecZzgZDwät
dŠwÅw™ÅìpZDw»£[çÑ{ºtnÆ)›Z�ÛZŠ‡ì7™MhXZKyÆù¦ZqwZkÆ${ð
GOg|c*o}Æ@*,ƒD÷XZ·ZÅ
Âx)¡~åZzgZDwÅ7ÍðÆ_.**»xƒZXZ·ZÅçÑ{ƒzÕ»Dgg;ZkaāúZx"'ZzgZ·ZÅxZâVäZKÎx}.ZÆ;B~Š~ƒð7¶X˜VúZòZï[Zzg}.Z»psŠzâV:ƒV°ÁZ½¦‡ì7ƒYX|áZzgyz#Ö‰6,ZÇf$èZ<ØÌZ½¦°w‡ì7™MhXZk].h+Šzg~ÌyzÔZL„ëè<ØÔšÅ3ð
GLVÃJgÐÎä6,Mâœ{7X\.-ôGäZyŬÅêL|á~ZÒŠizgzV6,ìX 77 °p›Š#Æ_."Æ�ÅìX87 ³tìāf!Š*ZìÅMâ›{0ìX
053
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
›âV~"—¹—hìXZyÅZÒe$ÍÔYIZzg?0+{ìXZkßg‹qwÆf)ŠZgz{pŠÌ÷Zzg‚%ZYzZEg~¸'Ì÷X
ZEgZ[ÌZy»pyvhg;ìX›Q!ï OGZzozizZwÆîsŠzgЦ/g~ìZzgZÌi70*ðXZyÅZÒe$ZÌJ-šµ**x.Š›yìpZy»o{‡ìzŠZììX›âVÆ‚BZDwÅzZÕ»ãCŠ~:L¸ìX›y
ZLzgZ(o}Ãi0+{¢~$+w™ZsxZzgZDw»£[çÑ{‡ì™Mh÷Xu⛢ÐøzxºtßvZ(7™MhXz{Zq-xc*$Òï OG70MhX
\.-ôG»tè$ÌìāZDwrÆÜs÷XZ(7ìXZDwzmrÆÜs÷pZsòrÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷X›yËZq-zíc*±J-özŠ
» 7÷XZ¹zZuQ!ï OGc*¸x¯äzZÑKpŠZsxìX›y¬ÅêLZK+MZq-ZëZzg(,Zz÷XZ¹pZg~ÅqªÐïw™u—™**OñpŠ¹Zë»g**)ìX\.-ôG‰à:Z»sIƒDÂZkK~ZDwÅd
ÆaYV¼:™D?Sî²Zy» $Òï OG ™DXÎZwtìāZDwZK£[çÑ{z„$Òï OG‡ì™$Ëì�©ZzgZÎÒgÎwå6,¢gBbƒXt¢
Zzg›ËZg~ÑixFzx÷X˜ÈâÆMU*g8gê FIL˜VÁ6,gz×÷XL!*ÁƒsóÅÄLLiâ:óóÑëÂzìT»Zq-Ätì:
˜Èâƒg;ìaZz{¬ÅêL*.çFLG%g;ì&�Ûā£%zV䯊c*ìãg{:!
153
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
ZDwZzgëÔ,]62Ô72 1XZDw»f6z/Zg»Ô™721 2X)&ÿJLZDwÔ,]191Ô491 3X
**ò (Deconstruction of Iqbal) -ŠU*ãäLL‹t$h½5ÿGI
GLZÅ;5é XWG‹ZDwóó 4XÂ[’k,ÅìXÂ[»**xÔ™zZáÅf†»’)é EOiìX·qæäƒzZ(g6,gzÝeZsƒñZq-‡&ÿELÂzzZ§ÒyHìXz{˜÷: 5X
ƒzZ(g»XZ’ZñM�ÛàЄZKãf‚Ãs[g‚rg;ìXŒÛMÈœäi0+ÏÆZyŠzâVUîVƒZzgZ(gŧsZ÷ágZ]K÷X±Z®s@™r#�ZDwÆYzZßV~ÐÔ˜÷ā
Zq-!*g~ä¹LLZq-6,.ãì&g«™**eLƒV'$¹ÒjèE
Eä²1VÅZŠ!@*gõ~ŒÛMyÑpÅŠzMìV»Zôm,~F,À™ÆU*"$Hìā
ZyÆçã~»ï§ŠìÔZq-Me$»ÈìāZKy�eì™}ZzgŠzu~»tāƒ¼}.ZÆ;B~ì'�ÛâäÑLLZ#$¹Òjè
EEä
Â[÷áùŶÔÂ~äZk»_·™äÆZЖåāt§ŠÅ‡ZktÔ&?§ŠÈgìƒz{›ëi0+ÏÆÐ_.ìXóó~ä¹LLeZË™r#!~7Œā›$þ
JLi0+ÏÆ_.ƒäÐM\ÅH
%ZŠìXóóìÑLLHCÙZKypŠÃ‰Ï]~U§»ïZzg‰~!*Ç6gCk7™@*?óó)Z°§ZDwÔ™92(
The Sword and _Åœî0ZDwÆP6gcÔ™562XZÝQÆaŠAÔ 6X™482 the Sceptre
ZDw@z—¬ÝÔ™841 7XÔ™182 The Sword and the Sceptre Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 8X
'™981 Discourses of Iqbal 9X
253
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
XßyZi+cÔ™001 Modern Islam in India 01X'™96)0*zgC( Islam in Modern History 11X
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZi+ñLLiŒZgóóÆ**xZDw»â!ígQ42�y3291Y'!LLèoZDwóó& 21Xà]kKMèZDwÔ¢Šzx
ÆŠâd~ZDwIä–ì: (The Ardent Pilgrim) LL%æFN�l)�Ûóó 31XIt admits of various interpretations and offers
something to every body
»gesÔ',¤6ÐYg~ƒäzZáZq-ZsxŠÔg‚á~LLZq-pÐi· 41X,óóÆÄZyзZ£Yòä–ìāLLZDwÃTzzÐZzgÌZÌq݃ðz{¶ZyÅ„ŠÃc*]Åqï÷á²~T»jZ!Š}™CÙ¿ZC»x`YìXóó)_K†g~8991YÔ™62(Z©xF,}h÷Ô1ZL!©lç
EO&@*zsÐŒÛMVïMh÷0*i0+)!*ÁƒsÔ™32( 51X¯ÄZDw~Šz%ûZDwÆaù”î0Z¡ZŠÅF,IZEwƒðìXŠzâV 61X71X%"0î GOEtF,IŠzuzVäZDwÆaÔZ²Zò~ÔZEwÅìXLL!*8-èŠgZóóÅÄLLi@Zzgg0+~óó~Zq-ñß~™r#äZDw6,˜VŠzu}Z²Zâ]¬Z+K÷z;Vt̹ìāLLù·Z¡ZŠìZDw7ìXóóZDwIäLL%æFN�l)�ÛóóÆŠâd~–ìāZDwät!*]pŠM’ÆwV~½ìXZDwI»trZzgZDwÃLL§Šóó»qï'ß.ìXZkK~«!*]ÂtìātÄ
3091YÅìZzgZDwZÌ!¨¾æ ELZDwÆ£x6,Ã,7ƒñ¸®Z„~§Š»
ÃðÎZw7ìXÄÆMy~ZDwä¹ì:LLZDwÌZDwÐMÇ{7ìXóóZkÆ!*z�ŠZDwIäLLù”î0Z¡ZŠìZDw7ìóóÃZDwÅpŠM’ÆxÅ!*]ŒÛZgŠc*ìXŠzu~!*]tìāZk´Ð¬ZzgZkеñß~™r#tÌë÷ā:
pt‹ZL%h+zVÐì~ä"ŠZrìâ#HZkÅ�Zã
ZDwIäLLù”î0Z¡ZŠóó»ZDw6,Z:tHìp"ŠZrìâ#èHZkÅ�ZãóóÃ:ÜsÃZ0+ZiHìÉZKÂ[~ZDwÅ�ZãÊZ¼Zg¯äÅÃÒÌÅìX
353
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
ŠZNtìāñß~™r#äZDw6,„~§Š»Z²Zxu}ЬZ+„7HX7gZÄ-Vì:
ù”î0Z¡ZŠìZDw7ìŠwŠ¥.çEGLÕìË"ã
÷á²zVÅË~gzZîîg6,zùDƒCìXZkzùDÆ‚BÔZkŠzg~ÌÔZDw»ŠwŠ¥.çEGLÕìXZk~„~§Š¹Vì?Šzu~%"0î GOELLù”î0Z¡ZŠóóÅF,ILL!*8-èŠgZóóÅÄLL¬^þ
ILCÙYðóó~ZEw
ƒðìXÄ»ªÄì:ì=ù”î0Z¡ZŠZ}ZDw!Â
gzÞu%î0ÀÌìÔËÌìZDw¾n»ù”î0Z¡ZŠÔZkÄÐZkÅzŸs#ƒYCìXZDwÅ
,:Üs7Òð EM]z7Òð EM]ÅYì¶É=zGÔf™z„Ô°wz)wÔzÃÔ].h+zŠ*ZzgÑtz¾[ÅYì̶XZDw**)Ô%"0î GOElZr‹]Ô™23 81XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ£?èZDw»ózÂ#_·ÔeZËg<Z−+;×Ô™944 91X
Ô%"0î GOEZ*G�Ô™23 Studies in Iqbal's Thought and Art 02XX,]301X201 Modern Trends in Islam 12X22X
JZ6,s6491YÆÑg}~eZË@*|»*y÷áùƒZÔ�Z[LLZDw»„z®óó 32X~÷áïìXÝx·#$»*yŠzÇV~JZzgGg{�yÆÑgzV~
LLZDwÅzu‹„óóÆi%æGLÄZy9Ÿ5é FMFXoÆ�Z[~a—ZØŠg~»*yÌÔLLZDwƧŠ6,Zq-ÃóóŠzÇV~JZ~ZzgGg{Z~6491YÅ
Z÷áoV~÷áïìXo»ŠzuZ*y51mZzgJZÆ',6491YÆÑgzV~÷áùƒZXoäeZË@*|Ɖ�Z!*]ÐZ·tHX×èZDwÔ,])!*nKM(72Ô32Ô32Ô 42@*62X
ZDw»„z®Ô™191 72X¬]ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔw½ZDwÔ,]111X211 82X
LL‘ÕäO)ZDwÅ„~zu]c*§Šóó˜!LLM`Àóó'!ígQJZÆ',6491YÔ 92X03X,]84Ô93
453
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw'›„»Zg»Ô¾±Ô™91 13XZDw»„z®Ô™491 23XLLM`Àóó'!ígQ51m6491YÔ™93 33X×èZDwÔ,]22X32ÔèÃg{VßV~²°ZzgËwÐ0ZDwÅgZñ~ 43Xp~»f™ìX)×èZDwÔ,]12X22(WZzgiWÔ,]641Ô05 53X!*ÁƒsÆøDèfsZÃg0*k0*kzZµ÷: 63X
)!*ÁƒsÔ™74(z{Ú¼Zzgìë÷Yy0*u&/g8-zßÔtÛÔM[z**VÅìā!ðÅŠ*?ðÅŠ*Îiz™_.[zØt@ÅŠ*?@ÅŠ*ΊzΊZ(z®
)!*ÁƒsÔ™94(ŠwÅMiZŠ~÷„Ô_‚âÈñ]
ê¾ZF,};ðV~ìŠwc*_?�Z[3XÒjè
IELgZ¯].h+XZyZÃgÆF,3ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔà]ZDwÃgÏ:( 73XQgŠzF,ÀÔ¢ZzwÔ™3011eZˆZhgzbz$+yÔ=zGZzg„z¿z){ÃF,IèZ¡ZŠÆOñZbZñÀ»ZgnoŒÛZgŠïƒñ˜÷āLLpŠÃtpŠ~»‹tHYñÂZk~�ÛŠz)®)ÔMiZŠ~zf)ŠZg~ÔZÑzMÃtÔZ¤®)zZ(gÔ¼k,zD+ÛÔ„z¿ÔŠ*z].h+ÔŠ+zŠ*Ô°wz)wÔ=zGÔ4,Z•z&"$»ÂZiyZzgƒÐ(,|™}.ZzÈ{»¬zyúc*VìXóó)ZDw»Ã›pŠ~Ô™245(LLM`Àóó'Š‹Ôm4591YÔ™41 83X
&Š@˜÷āLLZLZÅ;5é XWGCGzŸ]ÐsÃz{|θāÐ 93XZsxì'ZDwZg»ñ§]ÃLLÈÒñÑÌ]óóÐMÐ:áYn'1@*[%g9ì'XtLL'óó»£xèI®+Æ;VåM@*ìYèDÐZZyzZ‹yÅuu,ÑzqƒC÷XóóŒV&Š@»Z‹ZnŠzu~âλìXZyÆìw~ZDwÃLLÈÒñÑÌ]óóÐMÐY**ecåXZDwäZKyÅ2w¹ŠØZgHgÅìXZkŧs7gÄåYg~g{$ËìX
ZkÆ!*z�ŠÈ}»7g~§bñÑÌ]àCe7ā}.ZÂZKy»Ì{Û553
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
ìXZkÐMÐ}.Z“W»HÎZwìXZKyTŠgMÐYYìZÐZDwäLLZgèÈsióóÅMy~ÄÆMy~Ä~Zq-ÎZwÅ~ÒyHìX
Z¤/°›À~ƒVÂíÐâzgZHì?%}u);ñâ´ÅZ•Hì?
LLM`Àóó'm4591YÔ™51 04XeìeZË&Š@ÅÃÐ8‹0î E
E0Z¥/|)1191Y(:¦/gZƒXZk~ZDwä 14X–ìāLL�ÛŠZk)®)Åi0+Ï~TÆ‚BZk»mì'-.ç EEE!Zq-¬gè
ZzgMãœÆìXZkÆìÑ]ÔZkÅÕNÔZk»§i1Šzâ0+ZkÆ]¸ZñŠâ©zKãÉZkÆZ&éGOÄi0+ÇãÅ®ZŠJ-Zk)®)Å¢zgc*]zjZòÆ‚‘~e{ƒðìXóó),ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGԣыZDwÔ,]
LLÓZzg÷á²óó~Ì)®)ÅZÌ6,izgŠc*ì:�ÛŠ‡ìg*è$Òï OG 651X751(XÐì˼7&ñ`ìŠgc*~ZzgÛzÈŠgc*¼7XLL�Z[“{óó~}.ZÅ
i!*yйìā:xè<ØÐìè<Ø�7Ô?Ì7&_.[è!*ë�7&B¨ÿE
L7XLLgñiè"pŠ~óó»ªÄì:�ÛŠgZ*è)®)gØZ„&�8çXLZzgZ ZÜÌ
Zi$Òï OGZ„X7g~š~"pŠ~Æi'×ñV6,ŒìXZ¹{:%æFN~ ¾wùŒÛZgŠc*YYì?ZDwÅÄz�~Zyi'×ñVÅÍôÚ‹ðŠîìX
LLM`Àóó'm4591YÔ™61 24XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔYzh+**)ÅÄLLZ·ZKzCKóó 34XF,¹IZŠ[Ô™311ÔzZãgìā‚%Z`Š#ZzgZsò¶KèL0U*6~Ãð§Š7X 44XLLZDwÙÏóó~˜÷āLL÷á•çLætÅ„~¹Ð§ŠZ]÷�ZyÆ 54XÇÅŠ+÷'Zy§ŠZ]ÐZDwÅÑZzgZÌ~¶7ƒðXZknƧŠZ]¤ÅiŒéðÆ;VÌX÷'ZzgZDwÆxë)zVÆŒV̬x÷Xóó')™21(ZDwÙÏÔ™34 64XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGLLZDwóóZi;Ô™74 74XZDwZq-÷á²Ô,]041@*241 84XZDwZzgŒÛMyÔ™3301 94XZDwZzgZsx~ZßÁw•Ô!LLZDwóó'�Ñð8891YÔ,]25@*55 05X
653
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZÝQÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZôm,~h]:Z*G�Zi+cÔ™2X¸!*]ÄÅ 15Xßg]~Zk§b½ì:
)lZ#ÒÂ[Xš~:p!*h+™Š(iâ:ˆ0+Z0+8©3©ï
GGGGLZzgZ
†VD„āñizV’#ÖèyŠZ„ZDwë÷:“¨Ñõ GÅg‚VāZŠ[pgŠÒŠwZ„)�Ä',}VX\Äæt(2: 25X
GgZ!*ik,ÅMöŠ{)Ñtz¾[DYzh+**)(!*ÁƒsÅZq-çw~ZDwë÷: 35X
)!*ÁƒsÔ™98(
@*i{QŠZ$øEI
Lq¢äH\?çLŠ**gZkÇ~e7"aƒæ!%›Šgz÷»uâtìMiZŠ~z%v!ìËZzgÅ{§t»[®gzd-êGL!
£Ñ]ZDwÔ,]97X08 45Xz©‚]˜÷LLZDwÆÄ~z].ZãZzg_.!UZkaÌúc*Vìā 55XÌ].Zã@*W,Z]Zzg_.!*]»ZÖg÷á²~»{™ìX÷á²~‘:xZ+ÑwÅ
37ƒ$ËXZk§b�Z¤/Ì].Zã@*W,Z]Zzg_.!*]ТƒÂz{pŠ÷á²~0YCìZzgZk~=ÔZ+ÑwZzg»K¸T$ƒY@*ìXóó)LLZDwóó'�Ñð8891YÔ™55(èÃg{ZÃgøDfs÷: 65X
)!*ÁƒsÔ™07(yŠÆ0*k¸ÆÎZ¼Zzg7F,Z´`ÃÆÎZ¼Zzg7
)!*ÁƒsÔ™57(yŠäíëÅæ:!2ðGäíÃu"ìGILg0+Z:!
‹t$h½5ÿGI
GLZÅ;5é XWG‹ZDwÔ™09 75XLLZ°góó™ZcÔâÞ8791YÔ™12 85X¡¾æE
LZDwX£Ñ‹©gM!*ŠÇgÔ™351 95XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔjZ!21 06X¡¾æE
LZDwX£Ñ]©gM!*ŠÇgÔ,]151'251 16X
753
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
ZDwZzgf[Ô%"0î GOEMwZ£uzgÔ™091 26XóÆjZá ]Ö³†ôùqø³^ÙöÎø³çù]Úö³çûáøÂø×øo]ÖßôùŠø«ð 6,zW·Zâg™Št˜÷āZDwLL 36X
ÐZq-£x6,ë÷ā'LL~%ŠZzgúg]Å)zZ‹Ç»‡b7ƒYóó²Šzu}£x6,ZÏMe$ÅgzÝ~)zZ]U*"$ÅìX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw48YÔ™083(6,zWñßsÃè$ƒZìXúg]Zzg%Š~¡~�ÛtìXèÃg{Me$»¸|xìZzgZÏzzÐZDwŠzâVÅ)zZ‹ÇƇb7X
¤~)zZ]Ãâ…÷X)ZkK~'×h+Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔHZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?qí45(_Åœî0ZDwÔZDwÇgÂ{~Ô™421 46X
'™27 Thus Spoke Firaq 56XLLM`Àóó'Š‹Ôm4591YÔ,]61X71 66X¡¾æE
LZDwԣы©gM!*ŠÇgÔ™451 76X»�ÛtzZãìX�ÛZt (Patriotism) Zzgr#Zßm (Nationalism) zmx6,4 86X
är#Zßm»Âzmx6,4ÆsV~ZEwHìXZq-%ûZDwäÌ'™14(�ÛZtä¹ìāBzí Stray Reflections Z(HåX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ
ZDw)ªy~x6,„ZDw(»îg6,{؃ŠHåZzgªZDwŠ®ƒŠHåX(Z#ªy~¸x6,„ZDwÔ�ÛZtÆZÖp Thus Spok Firaq, p 73)
~BzíZDw)6091Y~(Š®ƒŠHåZzg»ZDwÜsBèZsxåÂË,z„»HÎZw!*¹g{Y@*ìX
Z°gÔ™ZcÔâÞ8791YÔ™02 96X,ZzgY,}Æa:LLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óó',]852@*062 07X_Åœî0ZDwÔ£Ñ]ZDwÇgÔÂ{~Ô™221 17X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔƒXgx~LL${ðG
OgèÆÜsgœè¿óó»f~ÄZy 27XLL0*Îy~zmèóó
ÒZ°ÝÃgz¹äZDwÇguEÂ{8791YÆŠzgZy¹āLLZDwÆ 37X»ìXZq-§st Islamic Philology ;V§Š�ìZzg÷áh+ågìÇz{
!*]ìā¾"$ZhìZzgŠzu~§st!*]ā?}.ZÐegz»pÙAÏXZq-§sÂZDwÆ‚tZsò¢«ç EMGìZzgŠzu~§st!*]āZ¤/?Zsx6,¿
853
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
™zÂ?zZg_Zzgâ´ƒóó')ZDwZzgf[Ô™302(ZyÓVС¦§ŠaZHŠHìXÃgz¹äZsxZzgZDwŠzâVÅ**³F,)ãÅì'ZsxZzgZDwÆ$©�î EG
0ÃоRÅqª~Š„èÎZwŠgZi:™ä»**xLLLóóì:ā¾"$X›ywZxfgZùÐâw7¯Yp'wfgZùÐÎeìŠzª¾YìXZÐZväZCaŒÛZgŠc*ìX›yzZg_Zzgâ´0™÷á„7™@*XÈÏÆ£x6,gLìXtÌLìXZkÆ4,Šq-
xZy0 Z̾RZ÷~Å7ÔZd™ŠZgÅìX›y»™ŠZgtìāz{zZg_z™ÎãzLæ™@*ì:
)KèŒÛ\D!*Áƒs(
M{z{%ŠZÈh!z{²!−ZgqïL÷L7Òþ
ELxóó™8ïELœtz>XÅÓ#ÖÐìÃltg'çEL¾d$āèZ3ÿXLŠwLìÔ÷á„7!
)—§$Òï OG&“¸çLq¢DZgèÈsi(
›VLzÎãÅ™Š;l!*¹zÃãÅ™Š
zpZÑâVZi“¸çLq¢āÎã/-ãÅ™Š
'ßyZi+cÔ,]521Ô731 Modern Islam in India 47XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ¢ƒæÔZ¶kÄ'\.-ôGÅyÆ_.g\êLZfZyZzgZkgÌÆqïZg 57X®ZZkgÌZzggŠZ#ÖÃgh™ZDwÃZC#¥)ÇVï**ec�LLÇ›yóó÷ÔqÑèZfZy~gzbšàz„ÑMh÷�ZfZyŠï÷Ô:z{ā�u}Ð
ZkƇb„7÷Xz„>{ìÑëZÈx&āƒTÐCÙ>{�6,wZx!)‚¹**)D!*Áƒs( 67X».$zs\.-ôGÅY+$ŠZg~»Z0+Zi{ZkÐÎc*Y@*ìā7491YÆ¢5ÿ
GGL¬xÅ 77X
Islam in Modern f)ŠZg~›âV6,ZzgZDwÆ${ðG
O§G6,¬Z+ÅìX)'™59()ï™xÈDÐsÃZ·ZYVÔà:Zzg History
yzîVz){Æ4,Šq-¡¾æE
LZDw»gìZzgZyÆ4,Šq-Zk~§ŠìÔZzgw½MyìX§ŠÆ(,}(,}Šú}K‰÷pYyΙ,Âß
953
HZDwÆ;V§Šì?
ä3÷X6,zWgZ³gËäZL\LLZDwZzgZk»�xóóÅ@*yZk!*]6,Âh~ìāLZDwÌZDwÐMÇ{7ìóZzgLLpŠM’Åt¶„¸„ZyZ·â]Zzg§ŠZ]Åf)ŠZgìXóógËäZDw»3091Y»^qÜHXA$ZDwpŠMÇ{7¸XpŠM’Å2w6,z{ZŠgZ¿pŠ~Æ‚BãXÃ7ä–ìLLÁZiÁZq-!*]ÂìāZDwÆ;VZ·xZzgŠ®Ñ?Ø7QXóó)ZDw@z—¬ÝÔ™941(pŠM’
ZDw»úc*Vz�å:˜ägZŠ¤/ÍV™Šq-%›pŠMÇì!)i1§YÔ™341((Mohammad Iqbal: A Study in Paradox) ZDwI»Zq-*y~÷áï (The sword and the sceptre) gfŒÆ%"ìGOE™Š{ù´
ìXZ’Z~§›ZDwÆ(,}Šú}÷X‡g~µ™@*ìāZDwÆ6,i}Zh,ÐpÃðÓ÷á7ƒ@*X
A Nation of Victims ÅÂ[ (Charle J. Sykes) egÖZ‚"5½øJG 87X
ZkK~Zq-ZëŠ*zm,ìT /The Decay in American Character
~ZyZìÅ,RjZßVÆ‚BŠ~ˆìXtÂ[2991Y~÷áùƒðÅ The Pursute of Happines ìXZ1Z[ÆÄZ**]„0¤÷X
¬]ZkÄÅMsŠZg÷:
)!*ÁƒsÔ™09(eð&+g;ì�Û8-‘4øGIL˜V»ŠzZxzZñÕñ{x!zZñÕñ{x!PZzgZ1Z[ÆÄZ**]Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:
Are we all sick?
The Sexual Nightmare
The Racial Nightmare
Wrong Questions, Wrong Answers/ A
Question of Conduct.
ZkÂ[ƼZ½‚]LLHZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?óóÆi%æGLÄZy5±ÙX
/'/'/
063
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ŠZ!*[¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?LLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,ZLû}~Zse4jè
EEä–åāLL¡Òiªî EE0ZDw
Z¤/p¬KìpZk»Z:tºmzözŠìXÜs›yÜÄÆ,ZgZq-²áƈZ~Z* 1 ÷X!*¹Š*Ã槙**ƒÇc*ŠZ],{ÜÄÐ{g`Xóó
Ã7ägZñªCÙÅāLLZDw6o}Æ›y¸'z{Mù7Zk${ðG
O§pŠ~»ÜāÒy™Æ–ā 2 aāZyÅpÄÅãCŠåæ¹g„Xóó».$zs\.-ôG»Òyì: 3 LLt,)\ìZzgZq-Z±gÐ)ZK+MIZ:Xóó
LLZDw»è<ØZ•ðVàå²(„Z•ðn{Á¶Xªz{»Dg¸XZDw伊V (communalism) LL�Û‘6,4óó
~›âVÆOñ7g~Š*Ðæ[HìZzgZDwÅù]G7g~Š*Ô¶@*ëtŠ¬YYìāz{Šx”x
LL�Û‘6,„óó)›rÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg(Zzg›x6,2V„äZyÐ**Y,ÃZ+{QVc*XZDw»¬@¸ðeg}6,¢ìXZyÆ4,Šq-ZsxäZkÅSÅìpZDwäZk§sÂz:Š~āZ#Ö0zZªZq-�{ZKã',ZŠg~Å^
Z(g™$Ëìc*Zq-Zzg])\.-ôG»Z÷ág{Z·ZKŧs4 ì(�{ZKãçÑ{z�Š~Ñg„ìXóó
gZ³gËÅgZñìāLLZDwZ#MŠòÃ7Ò3ªî EGE0}.ZÅ~ŠÙ
÷ÂZyÆ${ðG
Og~7g~$hÿE
LMŠx7ƒCÉZk±»Üsz{z�›163
ì'ZDwZÒz9Z\‹ux6,4~Ñq-Š3ðŠï÷ZzgZkÐZh™DÃMD÷TЛ¸xZâ„”]ÐOW,ìΔ]Ðyz
5 ZzgZôm,ZKZKx6,4ÐOW,÷Xóó2222
eZË\CåFZ#0ä!*g!*gZk!*]6,izgŠc*ìāZDwZsx»6,z"Z™D÷Zzg›yÅwЛâVÆa˜÷ÔZkaZyÅ÷á²~
ZsxÆ!*g} 6 ~MÃE7ìZzgŠ*ÆÑÃãÄZ~Zy»Ãð£x7X~˜÷ā–weZËZ$45å EG™LL¹Y@*ìāyzŠOxßÍVÄ™@*ì²
ZsxZ¹�™@*ìXt4œZ‰ÜìXZsx›âVZzg)ÇV~Ç×aZ™@*ìXZsòZpé]¬@Zpé]ÆáZŠs7ìXtZpé]ZyßÍVÆaì�ŠZ],{ZsxÆZ0+g÷X�ZkŠZ],}Ð!*CÙ÷ZyÆaÐ]Zzg
0'×h+˜÷āZsxg8-Zzg±Å×»™ä~ 7 Š#Æ´z{¼7Xóó»°uJ-»x[g;ìpyz*y~ZsxÔ›âVZzg)ÇVÅ×»
0Æ4,Šq-ZKyŠz4{m´ºÔè<ØÔ 8 ™ä~»x[7ƒeX±g8-Zzg�d$Ð!*ÑF,ƒCìXZKyŠz4Zzgºmo{Šz„ŠZ˜²÷X0»ŠúòtÌìāZDwyzŠOxÅZdZŠZgzx]ÃK~**»xgì÷X²tZŠZgzx]ZKyŠz4Æ�Ûzr»!*)÷XZDwäyz
9 ŠZøÅdÌ7Å�ZK+MÅçÑCZzgZܹF,¹»Zq-(,ZKìX�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~ä0Æ',@ZDwÅMÃEtÅpZk»u*yzx]ÃŒÛZgŠc*X˜÷:
LLyzx]ÅMÃEZzg¬Ke$äZq-§sÂZDwÆZ0+gyz*ãƒäÅzzÐZq-Ì].ZãªaZ™Š~'Z,Väzu‹ZK+MÆÃbÆ‚BZsò$Òï OG6,4Ã
263
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Zq-‚B6,z**e;'ZyÆ4,Šq-zu‹ZK+MÆ${ðG
OgÅ01 ËZg~$Òï OGZsxÅzu]ÅËZg~0ˆXóó
ZsxZzgZDwŠzâV6,úMzgƒDƒñ�ÛZt˜÷:LLZDwÆæZbZkÎZw»�Z[7ŠïāZsxÐzZhƒñ%Š*p¥àÔF,¹Zzg
ZknÅMgZŠzu}yzZI̪CÙ 11 Zd£œÐë)gYV7ƒ$ËXóó™Dgì÷XVwÆîg6,eZË.g™×!*à˜÷āLLZsò§¯„Zzgi0+ÏÔ‚³Ô/g~Zzg�`zZŠ~¹uJ-MiZŠ„z¿ÅÔ™CìZzgZkÒpÐÎZÑZò@*wéÅŸð7ƒ$Ë'ZDwÜsè<ØZsxÅÂ[ŒÛMy„ÆŠgkÃñizVB÷²ŒÛMy~].h+ŠzgÆf6Ô;CZzgZOŠ~)bZzgë7VÐÇ{',Mƒä»ÃðÃtc*çñ�Š7ìXÂ[ŒÛMyZKyÅ].h+i0+ÏÅF,IzF,KMÃKŒäZzg’Zgä
ZDwÆZsò${ðG
O§r»f™™Æ 21 …gäÆaz�Š~7Mð¶XóóeZË!*àä–ìāLL˧b̃ZZDwäZk£x6,)Y+$ŠZgZ:DZzgZKã„ÅgZ{Zq-ŠxF,u™Š~Zzgëè<Ø›âV„Ðic*Š{ÎîÆik,ZW,¸x
31 Zzgzí»Zq-Zâ3,F,ZleZÑT»"gâÎZñè<ØèZsxÆZzg¼:åXóóϧbgZ+g**BæZ»!í�ìāLLMÒ{ZyÅ„åÆaè<Øz$Òï OG ZÅXgŠ-Zg~~ȃ™g{XZzgZyÅf6&&›yâ�ZâV~ZÒŠÆ(,_ƒñîÃy»£™äÆaè<ØÆ�ÛΊ{'Z+Æh~Âù
caZ™ä~Üsƒä'XZDwÆf‚~ŠgZÝtZW¶Tä41 ZyÅÃÃözŠ™ÆZyƯxÅZÃœe$~úc*V¶™Š~Xóó
3333ŸiZ·ZÅŠZ›gŸi@äZDwÆMùƒä»ZïgŠzz�{
ÐHìX«zztìāZDwZ·ZÅ7÷ZzgŠzu~zzz„ìT6,
363
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
à:ZzgyzîVäÌizgŠc*ìÔªtāZDwZsxÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷XŸi@˜÷:
LLCÙz{!¨¾æ EO�FŠwÐ7g~ZK+MÆaÎøìZzgíz#bÅŠgzVÃ4C¢ŠÐ!*ÑF,™ŠbeLìz{Ñõ!
Z·ZÅÂx„ŧsŠxQV@*ìXZDwä»gwâg¾ÃÂ[Y**ZzgšÃ}.ZÆ—g~f[ÅuâtŠZgZ:o{ ™r#ÆÜs9Z™Šc*pZ·ZÅÂxÐZ,Vä½7g ŠëV
^gŠ~»ZÖg:H'ÃðÌ÷á²ËèIc*(Ï’q-ů6,ZzgZq-Z+èI’q-ÅãCŠ6,T»âèÌg;ƒZzgTä !*<m¸ñVДàƒÔTÆŠÔZzgg«ÌƒVÔMù %zV
51 ÷á²7ƒYXóó7VÍgÄ7g~Å™~t!*]7MC¶āZDw»ÝZK+MzMÃE
åc*:nÅ$Ò3ïGOGZzgZss6,4XZyÆ4,Šq-ZDwx6,4Zzgzƒ43ïEGGÆßÐò™è<ØzIÆߊZ],}~ú‰X7VÆ4,Šq-Ì ŠZ],}
61 ZsxZzg)Zsx»�ÛtMÃEÆo°ìXZ·ZÅ$©�î EG
0ÃÅ»g�Ûâðä³m,Z£ÃpZmZzgúZx)1gjzZZzg6,zmg~(2„ZzgÄÅ&~2™Šc*Xz{˜÷:
LLZkwÐZDwÅMÃEtāZy»�x¬KZzg‚g~ZK+MÆaìZzgZy»${ð
GO§§]zWìpZk|Ã
âä%Ìeg{7ā„zÏ»„ZÚic*Š{ìāZÐZh§bKÆa(,~—z»zlZzgzšïGL_·ÅÌ¢zg]ì
ZzgtCÙZq-Æ'Å!*]7XZkaZDwƇgM»ŠZ],{özŠƒY@*ì'ZDw»‚gZ¯x7,"ÆZq-±S‚Š~
463
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
!*]�Zq-¬òÅ™~ÌMCìz{tìāZKyZK&6VZzgÂVÃTäZzgZyлxáÔ}.ZZzgZkÆgÎwåÐGgÇÔZsòx]ÅwÅgzbÃŒZzgZk6,¿™}
'ZDwÅMÃEZÏ 71 Âz{|~}.Z»Yd0Yì%œ/~!*]Ã÷á²Z:îg6,7™ä„~©Vì:ā‘:NM�ÛŠVÆs1V~XZDwƯx»z„z÷~gZñ~MùìT~‘:N§Zic*V7÷ÔYèZϯx~
81 Äe$ìXz„¬xûÌìZzgZÏ~¬KZhÌìXóó�l'M!*Š~g¶§Zi÷āLL÷}4,Šq-Šg]äZ¹«g¯c*åÔz{
ÃÒ™ÆZq-Šgc*~psƒ‰XŠg]äZ¹Mù÷á²ÆaaZHåÔz{Zsò÷á²~6,QF,MñXz{Ã9āð FNMhpZ,VäZLM\ÃözŠ™1
91 ²[Zzgsi~Xóó4444
–wÃ7ZDw6o}Æ›y¸X\.-ôGä–ìāZDwÆ4,Šq-Zsx¬@¸ðeg}ÅS™@*ìX0Æìw~ZDwZsx»6,z"Z™D÷X�ÛZtZzg!*àÃÌZDwÅZsxÐzZÕ6,Z‹ZnìXgZ+g**BæZÆ4,Šq-ZDwÅ„è<ØzIÅegŠ-Zg~~ȃ™g{X�lÆZÖp~ZDwZsò÷á²~6,QF,MñX‘Õä O)ZDw»zZªZsx6,¢
¢åZzgz{Zsx„Ê*ñZK+MÆúZgn»´`${ðG
Og™D¸XZyÅ!¨¾æEOZ:÷á²~ZsxÅ4+F,)yìZzgZsxŧsЊ*ñZK+MÆaZq-xjìXZk£x6,gÔXtìāZ#ZDwÅ„~Z‚kÅ!*]ƒCìÂ2¤z#Ũ4è
EGELZDwÔZyÆ„~uZsxÐ!*CÙl™D
Zq-§sà:Ô 02 ÷8-öGOWāZDwÃZsx»F,)yâ+ÐÌZïgHŠHìX
563
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
yzZzgZ·ZÅ¡¾æ ELZDwÃZsxZzgQ!ï OG0J-özŠZzgZϯ6,MÃEÆo°
CD÷ZzgŠzu~§s¡¾æE
LZDwÆ»gƒä»ZÖgzZ´yÌ™D÷ZzgZkÅa,f!„Ôyz„ZzgZ·ZK~ˆl™D÷XtgÍt:dìZzg:Z»s6,FFìXZkÆ:©~¤/z„t]»g�Ûâ÷X
‘Õä O)ZDwÆZq-#³PœjäZDwÆ**xCZîVÃ@½Z‹Zn¯Dƒñ–ìāLLZDwÆ‚B�ic*Š»VZzg**Z»5VgzZg¿ˆ÷ÔZy~ÐZq-tÌìāZ¹L÷á•çLZsxó¯™ZyÅwÃözŠ™Šc*ŠHXóóPœj
²|t 12 äZL!í�Å×e$~uú@·Šg4zÅ’k,ÌŠg`ÅìXìāZDwÃÜsL÷á•çLZsxó#Ũ4è
EGELZDwä¹ì@*āZyÅwÃözŠZzg
MÃEÆo°Š3c*YnXZsxZzgZDwZKã¸ðeg}ÅS™D÷ZzgZDw»Zsò$©�î EG
0Ã7g~ZK+M»Zq©™@*ìXZÝ!*]tìāZDwMùZÏa÷āZsxMùìX4zäŠg|#Ũ4è
EGELZDw6,WÅì�ZDwÃ
LL¡Zsò÷á²óóÈ™)MùU*"$™**eT÷XPœj»Ü™Š{ú@·Šg4z»Z½køDfsì:
LLZDwÆ‚Bz{ßv¹"Z»°™D÷�të÷āz{¡Zsò÷á²åXtIZkÆŠZ],{ZW,ÃözŠ™@*ìXt¢zgìāZkäZsò,ÔZsòÑZzgZsò�d$6,¹¼–ìÔpËäM`J-ŒÅÚtÈ™āz{|ð÷á²åÔc*»6ZkÅÚtÈ™z{yzè<Ø»÷á²åÔZkÆ
22 ZW,Ã:özŠH:Ëè<ØÆMŠñVäZkÅŠg~¶ÅXóóZkK~eZË<Z−+;×ä6,zWZ1·HÅZk!*]ÃáZiy¹ìāLLZDwÃ÷á•çLZsxIÔß7ÔpZyÅ6,*g~c*#¿Æ�l~
Z¹Üs÷á•çLZsx'ßìXz{÷á²yz*yÌ÷Ô÷á•çLætÌZzg
663
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
32 ZK+MÌXóó ÷á•çL‡&ÿELÂzNtÌìāÃ7Æ4,Šq-ZDw»¡Òiªî EE
0pŠ~)\ìÔZka)ZK+MIZ:ìX\.-ôGÆ4,Šq-Z·ZK�{ZKãçÑ}Ãz�Š~Ñg„ìXŸi@äÌ–āFŠwÐ7g~ZK+MÆaÎWzZÑ!¨¾æ EO
Ñõ!Z·ZÅÂxŧsŠxQV@*ìX0Æ4,Šq-yzŠOxÅZŠZgzx]ZKyŠz4Æ�Ûzr»!*)÷²ZDwZ¹K~**»xgìX�ÛZtÆìw~yzx]ÅMÃEz¬Ke$„äZDw~z].ZãªaZÅXeZË!*àÆ4,Šq-y~rÅgZ{ZKã„ÅgZ{¶&ZDwäF,u™Šc*XÍc*mÔ
Z·ZKZzgyzŠOx2y~rZK+MzMÃEÆáZŠs÷Zzg�ZsxZKãzMù7ìXt!í�‡.ÞgìX›âVÆaÌZzgfgZÁï|ÇVÔyzîVZzgZ·ZYVÆaÌXÐZ£ä–ìāLLHøg}a
42 A$J-MÃE»gZ3ÈìZ#J-ëZL›yƒäÅÔ:™Š,?óó\.-ôG2sìāZDwÅù]7g~Š*Ô¶Zzgz{¬@¸ðeg}6,¢gnp¸ZkaāZyÆ4,Šq-tZsxŽ¶XZ%\.-ôGäZsxÅ(Z·ZKÃz{]ŒÛZgŠc*��{ZKãçÑ{z�Š~Ñ$ËìXtìwZ[{xƒ[ìX
5555e4jè
EEätNÒyHìāZDw»,ZKwÆZ±gЬKìXt!í�#Ũ4è
EGELZDwÆaÂzÔìXe4jè
EEÅtgZñā¡Òiªî EE0Z$‹5é E
EtÆZ±gкmzözŠìZDwÅÂz»!*)µZzgZDwäZk6,,Ð
ZÖ§ìwHXZDwÆÒy™Š{{m{m$¹é EL]øDfs÷:ZK+M»·Z7,zÄ~å¬Kƒ@*ìpZ¤/ZиW, )1(·Z7¯**Zzgii0+Ï~',zñ»gÑ**°ŠƒÂZkÆZÍA
763
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
#¥…Zzg÷á²7ƒVÐÉM\Zq-Z+΂ÌÐM¸i™,Ð�Zq-xo{Zzg¥gZÓ¿gBbƒÔ@*ëi%äZzgVÐZCŠZ],{zW™C¬YñX÷}4,Šq-ZknÅ΂ÌZsxìXZK+MÆ·Z7ÅgZ{~ƒÐ(,~g»z^g8-z±»o{ )2(ìXZsxZk»Ô»x[F,+wpg;ìXâ»ZKyЛ™ä
zZßVÃZkÆÜsŒz]™ãecX~Š8ƒVā#Zzgzmr»${ð
GOgŠ*ñZsx~ÌŠx)g;ìÔZka~Zq-›yÅwÐZzgµâ»ZKyÆgŠÅwЛâVÃc*ŠŠÑ@*ƒVāZy»Ç�Ûn‚g}µMŠxÅ›zZg»ìXZsxÐ="u›ìpZk›ÅOñiÑÆ7à )3(~ä›çÑ}Ã#¥èZÍw¯c*ìX÷ZÑŠ*ÅÃð΂Ì7gZ7™CXZkÆaÜsZsx„ñizVìXZsxÅgzbZ+özŠÌ7ì6e4jè
EE»ìwìXŠ*ñ )4(ZK+MÆZ�ŠÆaŒÛMygLgLZ%sÃÃZ0+Zi™@*ìZzgHì:LLMî�¼ëƒÆŠgxyœuìZkÅãCŠ6,�ƒ
52 YNXóógZ³gË»tìwŠg„7āZDw7g~$hÿ
ELMŠxÃÜÄ~Ñq-
7™DXŒÛMÈœZzgÄZDw6,ÃgppzZáY…÷āÜÄŠz§bÅìXZq-ÜĬxª7g~±ZKãJ-zWìXŒÛMyäZk»f™ÎgÒZÂ{
62 ~Zzg‘Õä O)ZDwäLLX]è¬ÅêLŒÛMãóóÆi%æGLÄZyYzh+**ó~HìXóó{m|x~z„ 72 ÜÄ»ŠzuZ|x{mìT»f™LLZuZ§pŠ~óó~ƒZì
¸xÜÄÅ�ì�}.Zð�xÅqïƒXZ+Zq-Ðic*Š{ZZxœu$¹é EL]6,Z�Š‡ì™$Ë÷X@*ëtªCÙìāz{�LLhóóÃâ…„7LL**T$èhóó“WÆ
863
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
82 :ZyzZg÷Zzg:�÷X» gZ³gËÔ».$zs\.-ôGÔyzîVÔZ·ZYVZzgy~x6,„›âV (communalist) ‘Õä O)ZDw6,Zq-(,ZZ‹Zntìāz{›x6,„c*�Û‘6,„
ZkaZyÅ„¬Kc*MùŒÛZg7Š~Y$ËXe4jèEEÆ�Z[~ZDw»
èÃg{Z+ÑwZkZ‹Zn»Ì÷á°�Z[ìpaètZ‹ZnƒZgzZÜZgÆ‚B™CÙZc*Y@*g;ìÔZkaZk6,¼'×h+roƒìXZkK~ƒÐ
ÆCommunalism ¬tzŸs#¢zg~ìāy~r6,ZNŠgppzZáÔaLL�Û‘6,4óóÅZ˜bZEw™D÷²›yLL�Û‘6,4óóÐ',w~Š-È~c*Û”o¦%ZŠfe÷X»ôÏiq›_]]Å!*]Ã�Û‘zZge$
ZyÅcz~~y~¸x6,„›âVäÌZÏZ˜bà 92 ëgì÷XZEwHìX†ZÓ´Mgz~˜÷āLLZDwZ#ZsxC÷á²~6,QF,D÷Â
(communalistic tendency) ‰Zz‡]ZyÆZ0+gZq-Jn»�Û‘zZgZ:gDyÕ1~Å?m,ìāLLøgZ�Ûntƒ**ecāZDwÆ 03 aZƒY@*ìXóó
Mù¯xÃZkÅçZzgò÷á²~дu{™ÆY8ZzgZkÆF,3™ÆŠzu}´J-àN@*āZkß.»7g~§bZiZ!ƒnāZDw�Û‘6,„
yz*EVÅ™~t!*]7MCāZDwÅZsòzç÷á²~ 13 ÷á²åXóóMù̃$ËìXz{tKÅÃÒÌ7™DāZDwZ#y~zmrÃâ…„7ÂZ¹LL�Û‘6,„óó¾ãCŠ6,¹Y@*ìXñÑ**·Z$Òï LOG6,4»Â®¨x6,zg~ZEw™D¸'�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~äZsò$Òï LOG6,4ÅF,IZEwÅìXZyZ˜jVÐ|xÂzZãƒ@*ìpZDw‰!ð NM7å OLÃ$Òï LOG6,„c*›¸x6,„IÌ**gzZìXZDw›y÷XZsòrÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷XZyÅZsòZzgç÷á²~MÃEÆo°7ìXZsxMùìZzg$Òï LOGLZsð{è£xÐâzgZìXXŠZ›gzVÅ™~t!*]:MCƒÔz{t
963
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
ŠNMh÷ā¯ÄZDw»!š5å NG/zZ(ìT~',Z{gZ„ZKâVÐæ[ìc*ZKâVÅF,)ãìXZKyŠz4ÔZ�ZÄMŠèZzgÑZKãÅ@*Gz‚Ôxz¡¾æ
ELZDwÅZq-úc*VS¤ìX
6,gzÝeZsƒñ8iïELfs communalism ZDwä8‹0î EE0Z[M!*Š~ZL
$¹é EL]ÒyK÷:�Šzu~ñVÆÜs$+pZ„»_./ (communalism) z{xzZge$ )1(
gÇZŠÌZzgf?ìX~Šzu~ñVÆgÌzgzZ`ÔZ2ZzgZyÆèIzçÑCZŠZgzV )2(»"uZ�Zx™@*ƒVZzg¢zg]7,ä6,ÔŒÛMã½Æ_.ÔZyÅ„Š]ǃVÅ™«Ã�Ûnìw™@*ƒVX@*ë=ZLç¤/z{Лì�÷~i0+ÏZzggÍb»u*ì )3(ZzgTä=ZCè<ØÔZCZŠ[ÔZK„ZzgZKpÄ«™Æ=z{
23 ¼¯c*�M`~ƒVXZDwƒZzg$+pZ„З¸XyzZzg|ð™zZßVäZk»
Z‹ZsHìXZ~Z*Ã7ä–ìLLZkÆìÑ]pZ{ù„YV:ƒV1z{Z•IZzgï:åXOçZkäyzîVZzg|ÇV»åZŠ[zZ�Zx
eZËgZ`·ŠgÍh˜÷āLƒZkuJ-5ZÄB5é EGw÷ā 33 ÐE+™{HXóóZDw›âVÆZq-´u{zí0*ÎyÆ${ð
GOgÆ!*ãZzgøuÔpËÃ
ÃðZ(o]:ïeTů6,t³Z~.HYñāz{)ÇVÐ�zÁŠÐ!*]tìāeZˬP.ZDwÅ"@Æ7ÃZ¹ 43 gnp¸Xóó
LL{ØZsò÷á²óóâ+ÐZïg~÷XZ,Vä–ìāLLZ¤/‘Õä O)ZDw{ØZsò÷á²0‰Â)Zsò4h43ð XGGVÃyZ`o]7™**Hpg‚rì?|tìāZ,Väyz*yc*yzîVÆ‘:Z°gzìÑ]Ô¾Ñ]
073
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Zx6zgCÔ 53 ZzgŠzu~Zdf6Zzg')å GOãŠgzVÐZïgzZāZs7HXóóeZËÍhZzgeZË*.çEGOŧb2u4è
EGELZDw~÷áï÷pZDwÅZKyŠz4»
ZŒÛZgzZ´yHìXZy»!í�tìā‘Õä O)ZDwƼZ÷ág}JZzgZôyz*yÆo°4pZ¹>Šc*YñÇXZDwÅîQ¸gäzZà]»Z®gZyÅ
63 .e$÷~ZKyŠz4~āìX7777
eZË0ÃDe$ìāZDwZsx»6,z"Z™D÷Zzg›yÅwÐÜs›âVÆa˜÷XZyÆ4,Šq-ZKyŠz4Zzgºmo{Šz„ŠZ˜²÷ZzgŠ*ÆÑÃãÄZäºmo}ÅV7ÅX0äZkK~»6ZkÔŠZ…ÔŒÔÍ,Zzg+gÆ!*g}~–ìā
ZkzzÐZDwÃÑÃãzMùÄZ~( 73 Z,VäZNŠ~6,z"Z7HX7Š~Y$ËX
Zsx—è<Øì²yz#Ö)—X¸zzìāØŠgzVÆazh+»ú7Nqg;ìXZsxÅVZDwÉCÙ›y6,�Ûnì@*ëZDwÃ!5Òü E
ELZsxìÆOñF,)ÈZsxIic*Š{9ìXZDwŠg|Zsòù]
ZzgZÏaèÃg{ÄZÅÚ¯ÄZDw~MùzZKãUic*Š{ 83 Æ÷á²÷X0Æ 93 úc*VìXŠZ…ä"3™-.ç FGEELåZsxZzg|]ZñÊzic~Š3c*ìX
4,Šq-z{ZkÆ!*z�ŠÑÃãìXZDwäÄ~gZxPgYZzg�~™×Å°pÅìpeZË0‰ïyzÆ4,Šq-ZDwZkÆ!*z�ŠMù7÷XZsòo}ÆãCŠ~ÁÜ©Zzgg‚ª÷XZ¤/0Zzg�ÛZt‰ŠZ›g${ð
GO§Â©ÃMù7â…Zzg"3™-.ç FGEELåZsxæ9.ï QGNZÉÒ›Ð)4è
MQWGEt7™DÂZyÅ%èp0ÆZkŠú}Ðú@·Šg4zäÌZ%sHìāZDwäÜs›âVÆa–ìX4zÂ[0Æl)ógzV~÷áï÷XZy»
173
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
ÒyìāZDwÅZgŠzZzgÃgÏŠzâVi!*âVÅ÷á²~~‰àâ]¬KZhZzg|¸ìāÄZDw~LL{àlZg~óóZ,ZÃg÷ 04 Åqï÷
X»ñçqLLZKyóóZzgLL¬ÅêLZK+MóóìX¼MÐtf™Šz!*g{ËŠg,Æ‚BMg;ìX4zätÌ–ìāZDwÅ÷á²~»Zsòg8-ZyÆaÃð£7ìXË÷á²»ZLŠ+ZzgZL×ÐOW,ƒ**åîg6,¡~Z%
24 ìZzgt!*]ÓxèZ<ØÆÑÃãÄZÆaŠg„ìX\CåFZ#0ZsxÔZ#Ö0ZzgZDwÆÜsƒ~2÷XƒÐ!*ÑF,!{3¨4è
EEGEäZsxÃMùtHìXŠ*Å(,~�'V~Ð
ZDwäzŸs#Å 34 Zq-(,~�d$ÉxF,+�d$Zsò�d$ìXìāZsxfZ]0*]ÔgûzŠgzZzgg8-z±ÆZqÐiZ]S@*ìZzgŠE~ç5]~"eZzgZôg»_./aZ™@*ìXä-VЩ]ÆK~tZz™s"uÑiò÷Xtz{qì�-g\Z[ÌëÐJYìÔOçZq-¬@
44 çÑCÂxÅyÆaZsòçÑCÂxÃÃZ0+Zi™Šb**eìXeZˆZh˜÷āZDwZq-ÎZÑZòŠzgÆŠZøzgZzg2gÔZzgz{@*gõƃЬZzgƒÐ(,}÷ᲸTäÅg~îg6,MÃEÃZC
!Š+÷LÃ
0äo}ZzgMÃEÄŠCc*ìpHLL:æOe$z)zZ]zZpé‹ 54 ¯c*X(ZzgMÃE~˧Š 64 µâ»MŠxóó)&ZDwg‚ª·tå»°ŠCD÷
ŶK0+„ÅY$Ëì?eZË0‰ŠZ›gzVÆ0*kZkÎZw»Ãð�Z[7ìXZDwä÷á²zVZzg\VÃ#¥èZÍw¯™MÃEÃZ~¤gppÆOñZÐn',zñ»gÑäÆaZsxÃãCŠ¯c*ZzgZsx6,o{gppzZà$Òï OGÅËZg~Zzg$™-.ç
GGLâ6,ZKÂz%ÃiÅX@*ëŠzu}èZ<ØZzgŠzu~ZZxÆ
ZDw:$+pZ{÷Ô:ŠÔZzg:ZyÐeɘV}ZK+MZ¹¤xz6gŠ3ðŠîìÔZkÆaMzZiQVD÷X
273
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
0Zzg�ÛZtäyzŠOxÅx]zZŠZgìKŒÛZgŠc*ìX0Æìw~ZDwZЙ7nZzg�ÛZtZkGz£¬Ke$ÃZDw»u8g*î FI0éyªCÙ™D÷XZy!*ÂV~Ãðziy7ìXeZË0äeZËZ$45å EG™ÆjZáÐ�¼–ìZkÐÁZiÁyz#ÖÅZ0+gzã„ŶK0+„ƒYCìXØŠgzVÆa:æOe$Ô)zZ]ZzgZpé]ÆŠgzZi}ÈgljZzgZ¹
ÚÕZzgÐ]»@s¯c*Y@*g;XZDwäyzŠOxÅE+?K%÷á-1”‹ZˆkÆ‚B¹:
M{!ØŠgÆayz*V§{:ì74 Šg›ZKãÐZk»Šw"Ç:ì
0äDe$Åìāyz*y~ZsxÔ›âVZzg)ÇVÅ×»™ä~**»xg;ìXZDwäy~¸x6,4ÆŠzg~F,ZUy~~
LL‚g}˜VÐZYyz*yøgZóó¹åZzgLL*ØZ!óó~)e$Æ6,Š}QVŠ¶Å!*]ŶXp0äZ‹ZnLLF,ZUy~óó6,ÌHZzgLL*ØZ!óó6,ÌXLLF,ZUy~óóÆÃgÏZÖp6,WÅZzgLL*ØZ!óóÃZk¯6,$+í:¹āZk~yzîVÐZhŶāz{ZKèI¶KEVÃghŠ,@*ā)yzîVÐ
qÑètZhyzîV›âVŠzâVÐzíÆ**x6,ŶXZk 84 ïÃXЬyzîVäZºÆLLŠ#èGELZÅ:ö XWóóÃÌJw7HåZ¤/p›âVäÌ
ZÐgŠ™Šc*åXeZË0»»ŸÔ™sZÖp~Ô›âVÐtìāZ¹yzîVÅÑZ_6,Zy~æƒY**ecåX›yZ(™ÆZz@*gzVÅZzÑŠÂ:0MhZ%ØŠgzVÆŠgZJ-¤/¢zgYDXZkÆOñHt47ā›yZLZNŠÆ_.:æOe$Ô)zZ]ZzgZpé]6,ZiuâpŠÌ»gȃVZzg
ZkÆéyÐLLµâ»MŠxóóÃÌu�ÛZi™,Xtz{£xì˜V¡¾æ E
LZDwÆZdzZg«2ZKãzMùƒäÐZïg
373
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
™**e7gLXgZ³gË6,fšMZzgZÒŠ»÷Z‚tì@*ëz{0Zzg�ÛZt‰yzŠZøzgzVл°ÁïìXgË䡾æ E
LZDwŬKe$»Zm]zZŒÛZgHìXgËÅgZñìā�ÄZDwÅF,)ãZ,cZñ~ÌÅY$ËìTÐ:ÜsŠzu}èZ<ØÆczÉí‰Ñè<ØZKyÌOW,
LLZDw»�xÔCVZzg6gzVÆ**xóóÆi%æGLÄZy–ìā 94 ƒMh÷XZDwÆ4,Šq-âjwÃ4¯**CÙZKy»�ÛnìZzgƒzZëZŠÅCÙpZ{z{Ë
o»Šzu}o6,ƒc*Z÷zV»¾'V6,ZkÆÜsΊMiâƒäÅ¢zg]gZ³gËÅøDfsgZñЪCÙƒ@*ìāZkZôm,ŠZ›g䡾æ E
LZDw 05 ìXÅMùgzbÃ0*1ìXgËä–ì:
LL›yZq-zZu!-CåGO{Ô¬KZ!ï OG÷Zzgz{ZKtÙ|#‡ìgÄ™„ZKqD)]Å{ÐMiZŠƒMh÷XZq-!*gQtIƒÇāÍZDwZq-›yÅwÐZL›y¸ÇVÐ#¥÷@*ëZyÆãCŠ~�x»Z:t›âVZzg)ÇV6,7Vîg6,ƒ@*ìZzg�xtìāg8-zpyÔoÔ¡ÆZqÐiZ]ÃgŠ™DƒñZKi0+ÏZd£œÆ”wÆaz�™ŠzZzgŠ*½~�ÌZy£œÃqÝ™äÅÃÒ™g;
15 ìZkÆ‚Bï™»x™zXóó8888
�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~t™D÷ā¡¾æ ELZDw~MÃEzZK+MÅÌ].Zãª
ìpZÐyzŠOx»éyCD÷X�ÛZtäÎZwQVc*ìāZsxÐzZhƒñ%Š*p¥àÔF,¹ZzgZd£œÐë)gYV7ƒ$ËZzgDe$ÅìāZDwÆæZbZk»�Z[7ŠïX�Z[tìāf[~Z§ñExÅ
ZŠZg ’q-ZsxÅ%ƒÈ4ìXMiZŠ~Ô)zZ]ÔZpé]Ôtg{ZzgŠzu~Zd
473
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
–w',~ëZsxÅŠ+÷X‚b›âV»¾ìXf[ÆrT$zúZgnâœ{6,4ÅŠ+÷XâŠ~F,¹ZKã#bÅJ-$7ìZzgZ¤/ZkÆ:©~$zgZZx»Z¡wƒÂZd£œzZŠZgÆo°ìXZKy»ZdÑZKyÐ',F,ƒ**ecXâœ{ZKy»·Z77ƒYXâœ{6,4äzm¸rÔuâtŠZgZ:/ge$ÔJZ:Z·ZKZzgßRÃÀŠc*ìXZ¹Zd£œzZŠZgŒÛZg7Šc*YYXZdZܹ£œZzggzqãZŠZgzkÅŠ+÷ZzgzkZKZÝ~ŒÛMy~ôpìXŠ*ÅÃðŠzu~ZAòÂ[ZÝ~ñ�Š7ìX¸x6,4ä�,œ~ÆZKâVÊzp+uZzgn{ÁlVЊzegHXâœ{6,4„äΊZzg�ñÆ×ìxHìZzg²c*ãzJÙÃ�ÛzrŠc*ìXZܹ£œZzggzqãZŠZgЊzg~ä!*\e2dWZzgâVÆÒmÃe¯c*ìX].h+F,¹c*CŠ*ZìÅMâ›{0ˆìXZyƒúZgn»´`Zsx~ìXZsxZq-Z',™xìZzgTui}6,',ÐÇZÐ÷áŠZ[zu!™Š}ÇX
�ÛZt»tŠúòt7HYYā¡¾æE
LZDwÅMÃEz¬Ke$»u*yzŠOxìX�ÛZtÅŠZ›g~ŒVV™5&ƒìXyzŠOxZLcz»gzVÃZdzZŠÌ~„™@*ìXZd6ZŠÌ6ÃÕzƒ»@sDÙZgzV',kЯgì÷X�è<ØZ0+gzãîg6,ËóZzõ<ÔƒÔŠ#ZzgÐ]»Dgƒz{¬ÅêLZK+MÃMiZŠ~Ô)zZ]ZzgZpé]»ŠgkùŠ}YìXZDwäÌØŠgzVÆh~MzZiQV™ZkZK+M±ø NI§¿ÆÜsZî`HìX�ÛZt2s÷ā
LLyz*yäf!/g~MŠgØVZzg§hVÃZC1XtMŠglZzg§jZ,÷ZkÐHªCÙƒ@*ì?ZkÐt 25 �ZKã)zZ]Zzgzu]ZK+M6,FF÷Xóó
ªCÙƒ@*ìāyzŠOxZ,/g~MŠgØVZzg§hVзŠZðå�ZKã)zZ]Zzgzu‹ZK+M6,FF÷X
35 ÃX �ÛZt˜÷āt!*]‡&ÿELZ\kƒÏZ¤/ëZDwÐZz6,:QJ
573
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
�ÛZtÅÚÁïZzg)ïyz™xÈŠZø¼Zzgë÷XŠc0391Y~8‹0î E
E0Z[M!*ŠÐP‹¬ÔeZËÍÀP**g8-äZq-ZŠ!½d$ÆœZgC\~¹åāLLZ\k÷ZoZzg÷~¸xËyzZDwÃaZ:™m
45 �yz*yÆyzîVÅ%Š{A-V~ÌZiaçLâ@*iϧ]aZ™ŠêXóóZzg3791Y~©gM!*Š~Â{ZDwœ~Çg~e~8ŠOäZLZ!ò\ÆŠzgZy¹:
LL~ÌM\ŧbZDwÆÄz„»¤/zh+{ƒVZzgZDw»ƒ**plèZ¹ÅŠ?ìXZDwyz*y~aZƒñZzg ¤/zh+{„~ZyÅzÃ]ƒðXpëZ¹yz*y»÷Ჯ yz*y
™7geTYèZyÅÃ~‚gZ¬ÝZK+Må:ætЃÜZgÔ:f[Ðv.g™¡]»Z÷ág{ìāCÙ‘ÃH™
ëZKZkŠzªËZgÃe0+ZzgÎgÅgzÝŧb‚g~Š*~„™**eT÷'~'yz*yÔ0*ÎyZzg‚g}¬ÅêLZK+M
55 Êú]Š}g;ƒVāZDwÆœ‚!¡~Ñq-ƒVXóó9999
Ÿi@Æ4,Šq-7g~ZK+MÆaÎWzZÑ!¨¾æ EOZ·ZÅÂxŧsŠxQV@*ìXZsx»aèâèÌìZzgZkä%zVñVДàìZzgZkÆŠÔZzgg«Ì÷ZkaZsò’q-ů6,ÃðÌ÷á²Mù7ƒYX
Z·ZKÆh~Z¤/¼¹YYìÂz{tìāZk’q-ä6gzVZzgCVÃËZg~»�xŠc*ìXt�ÄZDwäÌŠc*ìXZsxÆ
Z¤/ŠÔZzgg«÷ZzgZkäZZZxДàìÂHZ·ZKäŠ*½
673
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÆuâtŠZg~ÂxÐzZh´Zzg]èZ<ØÆâ+zZßVД7àZzgZ·ZK»Ãðwpzg«7å?âgË$¨é EGOŠzV»ZDw6,tZ‹ZnāZ,VäZ·ZKÆOñZsxÃZL�xÅãCŠYV¯c*Ô¬îg6,**gzZìXZDw»
¢„Zsx6,åZzgZsx„äZDwÃgfÔÑZzgMÃEÐë)gHXì·oä–ìāZDwÆZz[»MëƒætЃqƒ@*ìXZkÅZÍA™3ZsòætÃËZgÔ�Zzgu¤/Ä¿™C÷1ZkŽ7ggzÝÓx¬ÅêLZKãÃ!3ðEOg™CìXZDw5Š*ÅyÅŠú]�g{mz§wxÊzzzЊï÷XZÍwtā‚gZ¬ÅêLZsx‚%Z`ÆM6Yw~Z§ìXZK+M»\CéFOŠgŠgppzZÑÃðÌ÷á²õxz6gZKâVÆZkZtÓxÅâŠ~ZzggzqãÝòÅiîzVÐsÃ7™YXŠzxtā¬KZpé]z)zZ]ÆZsò${ð
GOgZ]„
65 Z�›ZKãÅxZzg0*GŠZgZ‚k0Mh÷X‰UîVПi@äÌZDwÃMùtHìX¿Uz{U
t÷āZDwäZKyÃ$g>.çGE
GL¡]ÆaZ‚c*ìXZ¹t-.çE
GLÁ¢5½ðE
Gy»gZiCc*ìX›âVÃw•z¿»gZ3Š3c*ìZzgt${ð
GOgZ]‚g~Š*ÆaÆ
Ÿi@ 75 ÷X2ZDwäZK+MÅ‹ŠÆa¹Ð"$Âh}÷XÆÒy™Š{tÓxUZsòù]„ÆMsŠZg÷Zzg�"$ZDwäÔ
ZK+MÅ‹ŠÆaÔÂh}÷Zy~Z·ZK»"$Ì÷áïìX³m,Z£äZDwÅ„zÏzZà÷á²~ÃMùâ+~&òG$ÿ OHìX
)÷áh+Zkaāz{6,zmg-VÅ™Ð!*ÑF,ì(ZDwÐZyÆ„ZzgZyÅÏÃ].Z7HYYZzg:ZkÅ¢zg]ìX!¨¾æ EOZ:÷á²~ìxû÷á²~Ð
Zµ™Šc*YñÂZq-LL)ZZzgíóó2LLZq-ÇñZzg–~óóÜàâ]!*¹g{YNÏ�Š*zZßVÆ0*k¬Ðñ�Š÷X³m,Z£ä¬xû÷á²~~Xñç¬]Ã÷áïHìz{÷:ZK&6VZzgÂVÃT'ZzgZyлx¢8Ô
773
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
ZvZzggÎwåÐG2Zsòx]ÅwÅgzbÃ'ZzgZk6,¿™Æ**T$èhàCX‘Õä O)ZDwäZyñç¬]ÃZdF,+dz„~R6,7HìXg{ŠHXÄ~i!*yƬxûƒä»ÂtZq-ZŸ°çnìXZâ!*]zZãìā
¡¾æE
LZDwŃÆaÔ7,|əԼ:¼‡/ÅTã¢zg~ìXxŠ?»–gZ1Yñ¹YYìāZ¤/³m,Z£Æ4,Šq-úZxÅ™~MäzZàZDwÅ÷á²~MùìÂZ+!¨¾æ EOZ:÷á²~�pZmÅR6,ªYCìMÃEÆo°7ìÉZkÅŠ™CìX
7VÍgÄ7g~ÆÔMÃEÆK~ÔZ‹ZŸ]»×Y,{tcz÷Šø[ecX�l'M!*Š~ 85 Š#Zq-_·óó~7HY[ìX LLZDw
Æ4,Šq-ÌZDwZsò÷á²~6,QF,MñZzgZkaözŠƒ‰XLLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óó~7VÆZ‹ZŸ]»�Z[�lÆZkZ‹Zn»�Z[ÌìX´z{Zi,¦/,]~ÌZkZ‹Zn»�Z[ñ�ŠìX@*ëaètZ‹Znà:ÔyzîVZzgZ·ZYVä!*g!*g™CÙZc*ìZkaZke~¼'×h+Âí]Å¢zg]ìX
00001111ZDwäŠ*½ÆÍZzg¤xZKâVøw'׊zgzVZzg‚âVÅ
×e$ÅìXZ¹p~ÆaMâœ{HìZzgTEЊ�yÃgzi~x:ƒZаŠ¶»tg{Šc*ìXLL8¸ç EELgZ{óó~ÌÈÒ'׊zgÆ**x�x›Zzg)›ƒ'׊zgzVÆaìXZkÄÆZz‘u»Ä:QJāZ[),ĘV»
Zzg„Z0+Ziì&ætzf[~¾}Šzg»M¸iìÔp~»�xÌìZzgZq-—M}âh+ÌXZëZŠ»Dg¯ñYäzZáZKâVÆaLLƒ»Zsxóó~¾ŠgŠgŠq~ÔZW,M�Û´Zzg¬KŠZøzù]Æ‚B¹ìā:LL×èÈ{zM‡YŠèMŠèìóó2LLª#ÖìāZKVâ»ZKV»Dg~ìXóó't$©�î EG
0ÃZzg
873
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
"' tŠgŠq~¯ÄZDwÅZq-úc*VSr3ïGOGÉZk»�CÙìX‘Õä O)ZDwäZzg6gZKâVÅ×e$ZzgZKyŠz4»tŠgkŒÛMÈœÐ1ìXŒÛMy»tŠgkZsòŠ*J-özŠ7g;X–wZDwLL-g\~_.!îE0ZK+MÅ’q-(,~
ŒÛMyZzgZÎÒgÎwåÔ 95 uJ-ZyÂV»³¶�Zsò„Ð',zñ»gMNXóóZDwÆ_.!îE0ZK+M»u*ìXZk£x6,Ë,~7,}%ÎgÒZ7Å0*v,Me$»jZ!Šb»°ìXT~Zv¬\ä
!k3{š¨45ÀöNGMEE
GE×e$ZzgZ¹Š*~§Z2zZg_¯ä»f™HìXŠg|ZDwÅZKyŠz4ÃŒÛMã${ð
GO§
©ÐZµ™**e7ìXÛ©„Ôxîg6,ZKyÃpsÐ�]Z# ŠÑ@*ìZzg¤x~ªÝÐM@eg™ä»j,aZ™@*ìXZDwóƒ@* ÷á�Ð%ŽMiâð»ÎZwQVD÷ÂZkÆ:©~LLί>ó
¸Î¯>ZKyŠz4Å0*GZgãCŠìXOçLLƒ»Zsxóó~˜V 06 ìXLL’)ÿLøóóZzgLL›Ã+÷
GL¬ÝóóØ›i0+ÇãÅc,ŒÛZgŠc*ìXz;VZÍif™
$¨4è GGGELœ»HìXZKyŠz4ÔZ�ZÄMŠèZzg“Š.ï
EGLMŠxZq-Šzu}ÐzZhzk3${ðG
OgZ]÷XZDwZyƒÆ0*‡Zgz‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷ÔZyÄZz!¨¾æ EO+Ð}ic*Š{qZKZKñVäMùŒÛZgŠc*ìXZyÅMÃE»9Z®gZZxÆ
ŠZ],ÓZW,6,g;ìX²ZDwÅ$Òï OGZÌJ-ZEg~¸ÂVƶKä6,ìXy~16 ¸rÆŠzg~ÌZDw»Zßwì:ÑZ[ègzb6,zgì›â»ZKVÅX
{ØZsòŠzg~ZKyŠz4»${ðG
Og÷ZÔzWZzgœƒY@*ìZzgZDwZ,ZÃgð™D÷�ZKVwM\÷:
tÅp¤/ì�qìŠ*~26 ZKyÅCÙ¢ðGO]Ôu¤/Ä»Ÿì
973
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
ZÏÓÅ@*!*ãÐì¾Z˜Vgz×36 izZÁMŠÄ{Åic*V¾Zìc*÷Z?
²z`MŠÄ{ÅÐZÜÙYD÷46 ātIN*ƒZ@*gZ%î0»ï:0Yñ!
¼k,Œ¢ðGO]!*¹ìZÌZk~56 **ŠZV&ë÷¼k,»i0+Zã
²z•MŠÄ{ÅƳ÷Óx66 tKVÔt*g}Ôt¾VZ#u!
ì¤/&öLMŠxÐu%î0¬Ý¤/x76 Îg`ÌÓ÷áð@*g}ÌÓ÷áð!
$5ìtcZ•@åÐ=86 ā¬ÅêLÆ"ìGOGÅiŠ~ì¤/ŠzV!
',F,Zi¤/ŠzV£ÄMŠxZ„96 ZÝ�d$Z�ZÄMŠxZ„
ÈÒh"*iZiCÙ£x07 äÝxZzgZ:¾ZzgZÝx
ws$+gZ',MzgŠyæ„»�Ûzñð!»}.Z„!MŠèZ�ZÄMŠò!*¸ØZi£ÄMŠò!
083
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
MŠòZig*z‚@/@',§$þGLŠz4Çó),y!
ÈÒGZi}.Z·.çYLGŠ§&
17 òØŠ',»�Ûzñðb!LLZi}.Z·.ç
YLGŠ§&óóÐZyMy~ZÃg»„~:©zZãìXÃgÏÆŠg`”{¬Ä~ZDwäMŠò»£x¤/ŠzVЗCc*ìZzgZ�ZÄMŠòÃZÝ�d$ŒÛZgŠc*ìXtÄLLX‹¬ÝŒÛMãóóƬf~ÄZyLLÜÄèMŠxóóÆi%æGLÄZy¹ŠHìXŠzu}Ä~ZDwä¹ìāÈÒh:Ë»Ýxƒ@*ìZzg:ËÃÝx¯@*ì2z{{è£xÐâzgZƒ@*ìXtÄLLX‹¬ÝŒÛMãóóÆŠzu}f~ÄZyLLÓ#ÖèZÅ:ö XWóóÆ�¹ŠHìXŠg`”{QgŠzZÃg~ÐMy~~LLcZ•!{‹§õEåóó»jZ!ªCÙ™@*ìā¡¾æ E
LZDwÅMÃEÅa,¹V÷XŠzu}ZÃgÌ�ÑèMŠxÆF,)y÷ÔŒÛMããCŠgnp÷XZyЪCÙƒ@*ìā7g~»Ñ]~ZKyÅw»ŠìXŒÛMyÅgzÐÌZKyÅ»Ñ]~»ŠwìXÎgÒZxZ[ÅMe$27ÆjZáÐú}ZkÅzŸs#ƒ_ìX
ZDw»Ã›pŠ~»ÑCzMùìXeZˆZh˜÷āLL©»{Øz»ï${ð
GOgÜsZsx~ñ�ŠìXZÏaZDw»Ã›pŠ~ZsxÆ
t!*] 27 Ãc*‹§]ÐâpfZzgZy»ÂÄ„ZsxÆÂÄi0+Ï6,«ìXóózZãìā�ŒÛMãMc*]ÛpŠ~ÅãCŠ÷Zy~Ð9“Š.ï
EGLZKyZzgƒ'êGLZK+M»u*Ì÷X¼VBŒVŠg`ÅYC÷:
OS o Êøôƒø]‰øç$mûjöä(æøÞøËøíûköÊônûäôÚôàû…$æuôoûÊøÏøÃöçûÖøä(‰Frô‚ômûàø EMDPS o ÖøÏø‚ûìø×øÏûßø^]ŸûôÞûŠø^áøÊôoû?]øuûŠøàôiøÏûçômûÜõ END
QS o æø]ôƒûÎø^Ùø…øe%ÔøÖô×ûÛø×5òôÓøèô]ôÞùoûqø^ÂôغÊôo]Ÿûø…ûšôìø×ônûËè÷ EOD
183
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
RS m5^m%ãø^]Öß$^Œö]ôÞ$^ìø×øÏûßFÓöÜûÚôùàûƒøÒø†õæ$]öÞû%Foý EPDSS o æøÖøÏø‚ûÒ†$Úûßø^eøßôo?!�øÝøýæøÊø–$×ûßFãöÜûÂø×FoÒø%ônû†õÚôùÛ$àûìø×øÏûßø^iøËû–ônû¡÷ EQD
«Me$ЪCÙìāZKyÆZ0+ggz—}.Zz0+~»âg~�CÙìT»Ñ¦[ƒ**7ì'Šzu~Me$ÐÈVìā7g~»Ñ]~ZKyÅ‚|#4+ìXŠ~Me$ZKyÆa§]Z�ÛziZzgP]MñiZysV~ìāz{**T$è}.ZìZzgÁÜ6,xZãZk»hìXtƒMc*]ZKãÑ»
gZi¢™C÷Xa¶Me$~Cc*ŠHìā7g~$hÿE
LZKãZq-�h}ÅZzÑŠìXZKãZpé]Å0*Z+ZgãCŠ¸${ð
GgìXyzŠOxÅx]ZzgZҊþe$Š¶zZáeZgzyÆÛZg»~t${ð
GOg®ŠìX0*v,Me$µâ»MŠxÅ
ƒ*z¤»zZãZÖgzZ´yìX¡¾æ ELZDw~ÑzZ�ZÄMŠxŸ
ãCŠ,÷XZKãZpé]Zzgzu]»u*ÌŒÛMãMc*]÷X–wZDwLLzu]ÜsZq-„xìZzgz{µâqZKyÅzu]ì�g8-z±zi!*y
ZDwÆ4,Šq-$þGL^ÕèZ�Û8-»°Šì²Zsx» 87 Ð!*ÑF,ìXóó°Š$Òï OGèMŠxì:
UäŠc*{¿YZÃt�x97 9.š3ï EGOGLZZxā9.š3ï EGOGLMŠx?
MwZ£uzgÃDe$ìāLLZDwÆ6,*gzVZzgZDwÆ2¤ŠzâVäZDwÆ‚Bic*ŠCÅìXZDwÆ6,*gZDwÅÑ»gZiZyÅZsò„~ˆl™D÷XZDwÆ2¤ZDwÅèI„ÃözŠÈ™ZÐ
ZDwÆ2¤Åic*ŠCi%æGLÃZzgZt»Ì 08 Zq-�Ûº»÷á²ÈŠï÷XóóñçqìXZDwÙÎVÅic*ŠCÅ!*]™~7MðXMwZ£uzgŠzu}£â]6,˜÷:
LLCÙMÃEZÏz‰Üp&ƒCìZ#ZkÆ@*gz7Š~ŠgzV
283
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÆZq-ºmÂxÅ»g�ÛâðƒXZDw»MÃE»${ðG
OgZ¤/ZsxÆÇÔwÅZzgYyjZܹ${ð
GOg6,FFìÂZkÐZkÅ
18 MùZh~�Ût7M@*X¼ßÍVÆ4,Šq-aèZDwÅ÷á²~»"gZsxìZka
ZyÅZhözŠƒìZzgz{‚g~Š*Æ÷á²7¾YMhXtìw„Zq-ß.6,FFìXZDwèI„Æ÷á²7èIzjyÆ÷á²÷Xz{Š*ÃZÜtÔ°wZzg)zZ]»ŠgkŠbeT÷
ZzgaèCÙÀò${ðG
OgÆaºmÛ§]ÅVw‚tgDb¢zg~ƒCìÔZkaZkMÃEÅz{ZsxZzgŒÛMyÅæŠÐ™D÷'ZDwÆ\xÅMÃEZkÅZsòÐ
28 êzb7ƒCÉgz×Zzg@*¯uƒYCìXZDwÅZsèÔŒÛzÈz«Å0*0*áÔYæèQc*'œá
ЬZìXtZq-Z(gz×ìwÔÇsV~F,¹IZ:Zzg§]Z�ÛziÃtìÔ�ZKyŠz4ÆáZŠsìZzgMÃE
38 Zzg‘2xÅ4+ŠgzVÃZLZ0+gÈñƒñìXóóMwZ£uzgäZyZ½‚]~|6,FF!í�7HìXLLZDw
Æ6,*gzVóóc*9F,IZEwÅYñÂZDwÙÎVÐ�ic*ŠC™[Åìz{ËzzÅ»³¥xƒCìXZDwÙÎVТ‹ü
GLÃpŠZDwÆ
4,Šq-ZsxZzgZK+M~Ãð�Ût7Xz{àz‰ÜZsxZzgZK+MÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷ZzgŠzâVÃZq-qB÷XtNz].ZÈZDw»bìZzgZÐ÷á²~Ô�Zzg
48 W~$43ðGEOqZ‚2Æ‚B™CÙZc*ìX11111111
ŠZ],zV Zsx–wZDwZq-èZ½ÜZK6ìZzgZDwZk343ï XJGGÃ&
383
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
Å^~ŠÙ¸XªŠZ],{†!Z¨Æ›yXÅÑwf!y~ZÒe$¶ZzgtZÒe$Zq-›gc*„ÅZ(g™$˶X8‹0î E
E0Z[M!*Š~ZDwä¸${ð
GOg7HZzgZkÆ_.y~›âVäZq-i',Š„’q-
0*ÎyZsx»%°æELCkìZzg›ZÒe$Æ 58 `™0*ÎyqÝ™1X!*)o{zzí~ëM°ìX@*ë0*ÎyÅãCŠZsòrìZzgr»t${ðG
Ogg8-z±z´‘zi!*yÅÔ™@*ìc*ÁZiÁZ¹U*â~wŠêìXÍc*0*Îã¸r©zg‚ªÆo}6,Z2ZgìT»1®Ð*î0©ìX¸
o{0*ÎãŠZ],}ÃçŠZ],}J-zW™@*ìXZkŠZ],}~Š*ƹЛo÷áï÷X›ZÒî˜Ã�ƒ**ìXZkZ�ŠÆ%ZkZt{èM»
Z¡w�ZEg~¸ÂVŧsÐYg~ìÔ»7ƒYXZ�ŠÅ~:ÜstZ¡w»ƒYìÉwp¸'™0$Ë÷Xt!*]ZDwä2191Y~ÈŠ~¶:
M�ÐBe»ymÐBeu68 ),ÄÉÅëÑ!*›ïƒYñÏ!
Zk§bçZ�Š»${ðG
Og;Š}ŠZ],}ª‹èMŠxJ-zWƒ@*ìX(mental case) Šzu}ŠZ],}ªçZ�ŠÆ${ð
GOgÃ\CåFZ#0äLL{xìàóó
0*É6Â_Å0îE00*ÎyÃÌŒÛZgŠc*ŠHåpz{‡ìƒ™g;XZÝ 78 ŒÛZgŠc*ìX(nation state) Â0*ÎãŠZ›gzVÆZq-{äaZÅ�zm¸ògc*„
6,izgŠêg;Zzgo}ÃU*â~wŠ}Š~TÐ0*ÎyŠz¤ƒŠHX@*ë¢c*$+k,¡¾æ E
LZDwÆLLZ:tzZ$‹5é EEtóóÅâ"$M$ËìXLL‹èMŠxóóÆK
~ZDÑ]ic*Š{÷XtZDÑ]:ÜsZsxZzgZDwÆ2¤z#5ÆZDw»f‚ÐVŠZ],zVÆK~ 88 ÷ɉ0*ÎãŠZ›gzVÆÌ÷X
™sìXZyÆ4,Šq-LL›gc*„óó»ªxZka¢zg~åāZôm,zVZzg
483
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
yzîVƺÐ�]A'2Zkgc*„~ZsxÆZ½¦(ÏzZOŠ~ÂxÃ',zñ»gÑc*YñZzg:æOe$z)zZ]zZpé]»%:¬ÅêLZsxZzgŠ*Æ‚t7HYñXçZ�Š»ŠZ],{ÌZ4èo6,ú0*@*ìXŒVÌg8-z±z‘zi!*yÅwU*â~g{YñÏZzgo}ÃZÍqq݃YñÏX
Š}ŠZ],}6,ZÝZ‹Zntìāºmo}ZzgMÃE~§Šƒ@*ìXªZsòo{MÃEÆo°ìXZDw»ItìāZ(7ìÉZsx„nZKã',ZŠg~Åzu]‡ì™YìXZkZÅ9ƒÆaZÍiøDèfs$¹é EL]Ãf‚~g¢zg~ì:
ZDwCKÆÜs÷pZ{z{²[CK)**x.ŠZsòÜÄ(ƒ 1X97 c*¸rÔZ·ZKZzg’á»Õ[Zzh|g3ƒX
�ÛāªŠ]Š*ÃZ»s�ÛZë7™mÉŠ*»Z¡wHìXZkä 2X¬ÅêLZsxÆ•}•}KZzgZÐDgÇ{¯c*ƒZìXZkÐ�]Æa$Òï OGèZsðÅ$™-.ç
GGLâ¢zg~ìXt$™-.ç
GGLâŠ*½~µp=V
09 »!*)0$ËìX19 Z-È�Û8-NãCŠZzgMsŠ-ZgìXZkÅ^‹ð M]‡ì7g{$ËX 3X
}.ZÅZgè!*Š÷á>ØÜs›âVÆaºm7ÉÓxZKyZk 4X29 ~ŠZ4ƒMh÷X
39 ZKã#bÓxZKâVÅå)zZ]Zzg:æOe$~©VìX 5X3291Y~‘‰Zq-˜â~ÔèÃg{Z6,ÔZDwä½7ggzÝ
eZàìXZkƉqgY]øDèfs÷:LLµâqZKyÆ¢ŠÃÅpgnpƒñZkz‰ÜZsxÆZ-›ëZzgZkÆÇ7.Š6,izgŠb.e$¢zg~ì'ZsxZq-Šxìâ»ZKyÆZ�ŠÅ§sXtZq-ÎÂxì�
583
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
:æOe$z)zZ]Æ2âV6,9ZìX:�¼~ZsxÆ0qƒVZkÐ÷~¾n¡}.#ÖèµâqìZzg¼7Zzg
Humanitarian Ideal ÷}4,Šq-i$©�î EG0ìwÐÜsZsx„™ä»»g¤/fg=ìX!*¹fgZù¡,÷X achieveÃ
49 p¢zg÷1**‡.Þ¿XóóZk˜â~ZDwäZCŠwÅw™gÄŠc*ìXZsò›ëÆ
ZÏsÐZyžn¡µâ»ZKyÅ}.#ÖìZzg¼7Zzgz{Šc*-$ŠZg~ÐÜsZsx„ÃZK㣜Ɣw»fg=B÷XZDwÆŠwzŠâr~Ä7-™ŠBÂ¥xƒ@*ìāz{pZgZzgn{qwQ!ï OGè0ÃZÚ¤‰ÜzgZzg�Š9eT÷āz{ÛzãZ¡wzYg¢AÐôpƒYñXZkƈZyÅÓxF,Âz»%œ/¬ÅêLZK+MìX–w6,zWÒZ−+œjLLMy~Š"~‘Õä O)ZDwŃÐi',Š„„q~ZKyÆwZzgâ»ZKãÆèù¦
Æ ZܹF,«Æ!*g}~†Ï:āË{mŠzgÔoc*¸xÆ!*g}~XZyŠw~µâqZKyÆaz,„›z.Zzg„q~Æ_.!*]zZˆ‚]
59 ÷Ô‰Ëb!*\ÆŠw~ZKZzÑŠÆaƒD÷Xóó22221111
tZ‹Znā¡¾æE
LZDwözŠì¡ZäxÐic*Š{w7g‚rXZk69 ñçq6,!3›å GOŠZDwÙÎVä„Z0’k,,7X�ziygBb÷X
czs™xÈDzŠZøäÔZLZLg8-~ZDwÅMÃEŤ&z‚ůÄZDwÆF,ZWŠ*Å9(,~ 79 ìXZy~CÙìwÆßv÷áï÷X
ZzgDzM’Æ|ÙZyÐZ.Š{™gì÷XZDw 89 i!*âV~ƒ`÷XÅx]H÷?L,Ôœ¢Ôø¿ÔMiZŠ~Ô)zZ]ÔZpé]ÔœZ‰ÜÔ°ZªÔ›ÔZ�ZÄZK+MZzg$g>.ç
GEGL»Ñ]Xtx]zZŠZgMù÷X
683
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZDwÓxèZ<Ø»Z�Zx™D÷ZzgèI§ZîVÅŠgŠZã>əŊ*ÆxÄZz!¨¾æ EO+ÃZi/VÐc*ŠHìZzg‰ÃV»ñçq 99 ìX
¯c*ìXLYzh+**)óÅÎZÑZò>MÃEÅYyZzgo{ÔxÔoÔZzgÇZK+M ÐâzgZìXZDwä%æEOLRÃÂz»%œ/¯c*ìÔ$Òï OGèZsðÃÌZzg7g~
ÃÌXQ!ï OGè06,ic*Š{ÂzZkaŠ~āLLZÍiz{pZgzi1VìXZzgU*3Zq-Mù�xÅ‘Ðê M',ŠZgì&',zñ»gÑc*YñŠ*żk,$+w$ËìX¯ÄZDw�
001 ZsxÆf™Æ%ZKãzMùz¬@âλìz{̾7ÉMìXZDwäZKyÅ
+CÒ5ÿG
EGÅìZzgZkÆaLL‘M�Ûh+~lZrM�Ûh+xóó6Z|[LL|‹ZKyóóì ZDwÆMy~ù”î0¯xÅMy~Ä»ÄZy 101 ÌZ(gHìX
�ZKãÑs»Z÷ágtìXZDwÆ4,Šq-ZKãF,¹ÅÃðZ•7:Z¤/°ŠèÀ~ƒVÂíÐâzgZHì?
%}u);ñâ´ÅZ•Hì?ZDwÃ�ÆZq-ZÐ{mŠpg„ìZzgz{ì§]ñ]
»XXz{ZKyÆ÷á0+ZgZzgŠgìVw6,¢¢gnp÷ZzgZy»o{ìāZKyÂÄ»Ñ]~Zq-xKÅwqÝ™äÅ&6VÐ
to{ZDwÃMÃEÆ´z{Z$+e$ÐÌë)g™@*ìX 201 ¾{zgìX
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
'%"0î GOEgfŒÔ™982 The Sword and the Sceptre 1X'±qæ@Æ Two cheers for Democracy Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ·ZDwÔ!X 2X3X
F,3ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLƒgkóóâga8791Y,]741Ô841'Zk*y»F,ÀeZËÐZºäÌHì�LLZDw@z—¬Ýóó~÷áïìX
'ßyZi+cÔ™731 Modern Islam in India Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 4X
783
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
ZDwZzgZy»�xÔ,]71Ô12 5X',ðZV!*[ Iqbal: The poet and His Message Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 6X
Zs',]614@*224 7@*9X‘ÕäO)ZDwÐ0plxVÔ!LLZ°góó™ZcÔâÞ8791YÔ™12 01X
'™67 Thus Spoke Firaq 11XZDw6,Zq-W~ÃÔ!LL)~ZŠ[óó�Ñð0991Y,]82Ô83Ô72 21X31X_¬ZzgY,}Ô™67 41Xק]Ô,]811X911Ô121 51X
ZDw)Z)àû{(',]63X73Ô35X45 61XZDwLLYdóóÅ(LL**T$óó»ÂZEw™D÷X 71XZDwZzg0*ÎãZŠ[Ô,]75Ô95 81XfZ!:yz*y~ZD1]Ô~**BMiZŠÔ™29 91X\CåFZ#0äZKÂ[ÆZÞ,!*[~ZsxÅ@*zszF,)ãpŠÅìZzg 02X
�,!*[~ZDwÅ@*zszF,)ã!ZsxÃßIZc*ìXÍc*ZsxÃZDwä7É0ä9îg6,ŒìXgZ+g**BæZä–ìāLLZsxZzgZDwÅx]Ã!*ÇZq-'|ÃuÆ.Þ9Z™ä»áZŠsìóó')_¬
ZzgY,}Ô™04(ZDwYŠz¤/y~5,ZŠÔ,]02Ô12 12X22XZD1CY,}Ô™961 32XZDwZq-÷á²Ô™48 42X
',]391X491ÔZDwätÌ–ìā}.ZÅZgè Discourses of Iqbal 52Xª Üs›âVÆaºm7ÉÓxZKyZk~ŠZ4ƒMh÷Æ !*Š÷á>Ø
z{±zèÆ"$ÂhŠ,ZzgZq-Šzu}Å,t™,X)ZsÔ™491(Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:ÎgÒ•{ÔMe$03DZkMe$»Š)LLQfgZZkz‰Ü»${ð
GOg™zZ#vg} 62X
g„ä�Û¤VйåāLL~i}6,Zq-ѯäzZуVÔ'óó)ƒZÅZyÔ,]16D26(X2Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:X‹¬ÅêLŒÛM㻪f~ÄZyLLÜÄèMŠxLóXZq-ÄŒVŠg`HY@*ì:
Zii~@*M�V$©n.çGE
GLZz w½S"öEOLQ»ïLó¼%æGLZz883
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Zv»Zg÷áŠìāLL~MŠxÃi}~ZC**T$¯@*ƒVXóóZKyżk,ìZzgi}ÐM�yJ-CÙÚÅhZk¼k,Å‚ìX*"$èZÅ:ö XWDZuZ§pŠ~ 72X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwŠ#Zq-_·Ô,]272@*472 82X�ZCÙÑw1z˜÷āLL�Û‘zZgZ:!*ÂVÐ(ÏZzgZOŠ~)bÃZŠb 92X¦‡I~ÅÈZ‚ÛZðZzgŠz§z«~<YäÆÎZZzg¼7Xóó
%"0î GOEM#3,Zí$ÕäOÔ™431( )p$4èGEL1zZDwÅ÷á²~Ô,]13X23 03XŠzZDwÔ!LL_Åœî0ZDwóó'£Ñ‹ZDwÇgÔÂ{~Ô™131 13XLL�Û‘6,4óóZzgLL�Û‘zZge$óóÅZ˜bÔyz›�ÛtzZqÐiÆaÔZk(,}eä6,ZEwňā"Z£{yèzZãä8‹0î E
E0Z[M!*ŠÆF,3~»F,À�Û‘zZge$HìX)w½ZDwÔ,]72Ô82(tF,À communalism
ªÄ0*ÎyЬƒZåXZ\kìāZDwZ£œjäÌèÃg{Zôm,~»F,ÀLL�Û‘6,4óóHìX)‘ÕäO)ZDwÔ½k,,Ô’k,,ZzgÒ**]Ô,]52Ô62(
Ô™�26 Discourses of Iqbal Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 23XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw@z—¬ÝÔ%"0î GOEeZËÐZºÔ™741 33X¡¾æE
LZDwÔ£Ñ]Ô©gM!*ŠÇgÔ™521 43X_Åœî0ZDwԣыZDwÇgÔ~Ô™811 53X
ZDwÅZsòÖ¢oì@*ëZL�:êEXLZsxÆ_.„Z,VägZxPg
YÔ¤/z**7-Ô_5»42.çIGFGJÔÍ,Ô»gwâg¾ÔšZzgŒÛ>Z7¤CÙ{Å°pzŠgŠZãÅ
'›ßÃ~äZk¯6,ZDwÃLL{ØZsò÷á²óóâ+~@*ïHìX)5±<ÔLLZDw»õ'óó'!LL.yóó'‚Ü)Ô¢ŠzxÔ1891Y(ZzgZkMùgzbÆ!*z�Š)›ßÃzVäZDwÃMùâ+ÐZïgHìX–wZDw:ZLÌØíÐ÷[äÌ**pl
Ô%"0î GOEgfŒÔ™48 The Sword and the Sceptre 63XÔ,]332@*932 Iqbal: The Poet and His Message 73X
ÇV ¯ÄZDwÆuu~_¬ÐÌt³&óE‚ãïÑYYìāZDwÅÂz) 83XÛy¯ä6,7ìXz{›âVÛy¯**eT÷X@*ëZDwÅ÷á²~
983
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
Zsòù]ÅMsŠZgìZzgZÏzzЬK›ëÅF,)yÌX}Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:¸°›¡]ì¸g'çEL›ã
Z8ðEO]Ř$~Ô›Å�ÛZzZã!Sc*„zŸòÆZëZŠÃTäz{Hå?iz§©gñÔ¢«ç EGL1fgñÔœ¾Gãñ!'-.çG
GELÈ{zM‡Y›MŠèìv.gZ}o{Š*VJ÷¡]űk,,!>œÔ¿øÔ›Ã+÷
GL¬Ý
˜›i0+Çã~÷t%ŠzVÅc,
ƒkä•}•}™Šc*ìâ»ZKVÃZ8ðEO]»ÒVƒY›Åi!*VƒYr½i0+Ï~§‹¯ÑŠaZ™ÛÈ›~wk,z6,*VƒY
LL!*8-èŠgZóóÅÄLLƒ»ZsxóóÆ&ÈzVÐtŠzŠzZÃga‰÷XtZÃgZsòù]ÆMsŠZg÷ZzgZyÆ#¥›y÷XZkZ±gÐZ¹ºmzözŠ¹YYìpZyŬKe$ZzgMÃEÐZïg™**ÂìX�™xyZsxÃMÃEÆo°ìw™D÷Zy»_Åœî0Zsx**³ìc*
z{ZsxÆÜsƒgnp÷XfZ!LLZDwÅ,Zzg÷á²~óó'6,zWqZ£{yÔ™561 XXVIII
µ543ð GEH� 93X
XXXIII Ô™Iqbal: The Poet and His Message 04X'%"0î GOE!*!*ñQgŠz The Standrad English Urdu Dictionary Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 14X
eZˆZ/XXXI '™ Iqbal: The Poet and His Message 24X
5±ÙÔgZ',^',d«ÅÂ[LL$h½5ÿGI
GLZK+MóóZzgeZËøƒà!*yÅÂ[ 34XLL')å GOèy²[óóÔ~äLLxF,0*Îyóó~ŠzâVÂ1VÆ!3›å GOŠZ½‚]Šg`
K÷XLLxF,0*Îyóói%æGL"ìXZDwÅZÝ’k,tì: 44X
093
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
I find it philosophically impossible to ignore a social
system which exists with the express object of doing
away with all the distinctions of cast, rank and race;
and which . fosters a spirit of unwordliness so
absolutely essential to man in his relations with his
neighbours. This is what Europe lacks and this is what
she can still learn from us. (Discourses of Iqbal. p.205)
ZDw»Ã›pŠ~ÔeZˆZhÔ™445 54XZ„ Šgp!Z,ā°›g‚ÅïGL&A)åO!îGLåúz@*]4øGLwe$z)zZ]zZp鋵â»MŠx 64X
DZuZ§pŠ~**7-D!*8-èŠgZ 74X
'™491ÔeZËŠHyPäZk Iqbal: The Poet and His Message 84XZ‹ZnÃÜHì)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»Z’Zð¯xÔ™672(ZDwZzgZy»�xÔ,])!*nKM(7Ô21Ô51LLZ°góó'™ZcÔâÞ8791Y™12 94@*15XLLZ°góó'™ZcÔâÞ8791YÔ™12 25X
'™96 Thus Spoke Firaq 35X§‹ZDwÆP—ÍÚÔ%"0î GOE·Ú{Ãgz¹Ô™011 45XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZD1CY,}ÔeZËg<Z−+;×Ô™551 55XZDw„z¿Ô,]91X02 65X$¨å EGL§]Ô,]521X621 75X5±ÙÔZDwŠ#Zq-_·Ô,]852@*472 85XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔà‹kKMZDwÔ¢ZzwÔ,]985X095 95XLL�Ûây}.ZóóÔ)!*Áƒs(»ŠzuZÄì:¤/âîÝñV»Ûί>Ð&²-Bhë
EEIL�Ûzât 06X
Ã÷á÷бZŠz¦%æGLŠgŠD!*8-èŠgZ 16X
ZKyD!*8-èŠgZ 26X!*ÁƒsÔ,]7Ô41Ô23Ô79 36@*66XÑ!!õZX!*Áƒs 76X!*ÁƒsÔ™44 86X
193
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
X‹¬ÅêLŒÛMã)ÜÄèMŠx(DYzh+**) 96XX‹¬ÅêLŒÛMã)Ó#ÖèSÅ:ö XW(DYzh+**) 07Xæ[/Yzh+DYzh+**) 17X
ZDw»Ã›pŠ~Ô,]245X345 27XÎgÒZÆÔMe$92XF,À:LLZ#~ZÐ7gZ¯^VZzgZk~ZKgzbм 37XY7-ŠzVÂ?ƒZkÆMÐ>}~¤/Y**Xóó)ƒZÅZy¢ŠzxÔ™405(
Z‹Me$~Cc*ŠHìāÓx�Û¤VäMŠxÃ>{HX-VZväMŠxûÑ]~¤«ÅXÎg{ZÅ54è
GGEÔMe$4XF,À:LLëäZKyÃ4+‚|#6,aZHXóó)ƒZÅZyÔ 47X¢6™783(Îg{!•{ÔMe$03XF,À:LLQfgZZkz‰Ü»${ð
GOg™zZ#vg}g[ä�Û¤VÐ 57X
¹åā~i}~Zq-ѯäzZуVXóó)ƒZÅZyÔ¢ZÍwÔ,]16X26(Îg{ZÆZ]ÔMe$31XF,À:LLßÍ!ëä?ÃZq-%ŠZzgZq-úg]ÐaZHXóó 67X)ƒZÅZyÔ¢QÔ™59(ZÏMe$~ZväCc*ìā~ZzgDb¬gsÆa¯ñ‰÷:ā£ŠxÆaZzgic*Š{s„ic*Š{³]zZÑìXÎgÒµZuZLÔMe$07XF,À:LLtÂøg~Áe$ìāëäµMŠxÃ),gÏ 77XŠ~'ZzgZK¹Ï‘‡]6,úc*VEŒXóó)ƒZÅZyÔ¢ŠzxÔ™136(w½ZDwÔ,]812X912 87XlZzgYZD¢ƒæ 97XŠZ›gZDwÔ,])!*nKM(002Ô441Ô461 08@*28XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZD1CY,}Ô™171 38XZq-ñî6,ZDwä¹āLLZsx„g]ìZKãpÄÐXZsxЬCÙ 47XpÄözŠ¶ÔZk»$©�î EG
0Ãòåc*#c*zzZ[‚g~Š*ZK+MŧsMg„ìÔZsxŧs'ŠgZÝZsx„g]ìi0+ÏÆÓxz¾wZÏsÐ'
Åì'Zsx (Synthesis) ZsxÅwŠgZÝ@*gõ¬Ý~Zq-LLZˆsóóZzgZK+MZq-q÷Xóó')ZD1]±2+k,*i~Ô,]63Ô73Ô83(ZLèo¯x·Z»b~ZDwäXwÃÌ›gc*„¯ä»f™HXÑw 58Xf!yZzgæ¹Xw6,Œ0*Îy‡ìƒZpZsòZßßVÔ:æOe$Ô)zZ]
293
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZzgZp]Ã:1eZÑŠHOç¸g]Ê4Z0+Zi~»ñµ5ZzgZkäYg¢A™Æo»æ¹!*iz»^Šc*XÓZzg÷á²D!*8-èŠgZ 68X
'™88 Iqbal: The Poet and His Message 78XeZËZ}!ZÑsäZKÂ[LL¸ZzgZDwóó~–ìāLLŠgZÝZDwZq- 88X
ºmxZzgIÆ÷á²0™g{‰XZy»MŠglZkŠgxZzg%ú[Áåā¬xZKãC‚]ÔZkÐÃu:ƒMhÔp¬xZKã_.1VÃZy»,Zh7™@*óó'Zk6,û{™DƒñeZËg<Z−+;ט÷:LLÎZwtìāZ#ZDwäF,)È$Òï OG0™xÃÃuHÂtLL¬xZKãC‚]óóÐè],]ùƒð?HZ�ÛZ›$Òï OGÆ_.!*]ÐâzgZƒ™c*Z¹ÃZ0+Zi™ÆZ½¦’uaZ
)ZD1]Æ&‚wÔ™011( HYYì?óó²[CKÅZDwä8‹0î E
E0Z[M!*Š~ÔÅX)w½ZDwÔ,]13X23(J†g~ 98X8391YÃZDwäZKí~½k,~¹:
LLM`iâyzkyÅz×Vƒg„÷ZzgZKyä¡]ÆZuZgÅ~ª]Z0»x!qÝ™àìpZkÓxF,¹Æ Õ[¤ðZzgh
ƃzZëZŠä/ge$ÔèÔZ·ZKÔ !*z�ŠZkiâä~CK’áZzg:YäHHÕ[Zzh|gÇ÷XZyÕ1VÅMh~Š*½~Š§:æOe$ZzgѽZK+MÅZk§b諃g„ìā@*g+÷ GEL¬Ý»Ãð@*gq-Ð@*gq-™ÌZkÅVw77™YXŠ*Å!*ÑŠ„¸ÂVäZLZLºm¤/z{Å$h»4è
GGELƒkÆa
ÑÅV™zhzVÈÇÈ}.Z6,�bÝÂh}ÔZy»f™™ÆZDwä–ìāLLZ#J-Zk**x.Š/ge$ÔZk**0*u¸x6,4ZzgZkf?CKʼnVÃSc*:YñÇÔZ#J-ZKyZL¿ÆZ±gÐZÄCÒþE
ÈwZvÆZßw»‡b:ƒYñÇÔZ#J-'Z5ðzí6,4Zzgg8-z±ÆZ±gZ]Ã:Sc*YñÇÔZkz‰ÜJ-ZKyZkŠ*~#bzXŠ]Åi0+Ϭ:™nÇZzgZpé]Ô:æOe$Zzg)zZ]Æ÷á0+ZgZÖpÑqÒp:ƒVÐXóó)w½ZDwÔ,]712Ô912(
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZipZ[è¤/ZVpZƒ¤/ZV;.ç ELGEóó»My~ÈÔi1§YÔ™811 09X393
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
LLÓZzg÷á²óó»Äì:ŠNßÐ^‹ð M‹g맊gc*»$ów&ñ•s„ZÐiî0* 19XƒYñÏXLL!*wƒsóóÅZq-çw~¹ì:*.çFGLL:tHìāZ-ZÈ�Û8-&NãCŠÌìMsŠ-ZgÌìX)!*ÁƒsÔ™49(
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ[¯xeZË$¹ÒjèE
E!ígQ42†g~1291YÔ!ZDw**) 29X39X¯[¯x±·GZ−+Q~Ô!ígQ41âÞ3291Y!è¹ZDw 49X
ZDwZzg˜ÈZ%ziÔ!LLZDw68YóóÔ%"0î GOEeZËz©‚]Ô™952 59X,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ‡„k»LLZ÷ág›p$4èGELZDwÙÏóóÔ™91Ô´z{Zi, 69X
8iïELfs’k,,‡&ÿELÂz÷:(1) Iqbal, the Universal Poet, M.D. Taseer, included
in: "Iqbal the Universal Poet."
(2) The Universal Note in Iqbal's Poetry included in:
LLZDwÅ,Zzg÷á²~óóZDwÅZKyŠz4ÔeZˆZhÔ!LLà%æGLZDwóó 3X÷á•çLætZzg÷á•çLZK+MÔeZˆZhÔ!LLZDw»Ã›pŠ~óó 4X¬@ZŠ[~ZDw»£xÔeZˆZhÔ!LLZDwZzg¬@ZŠ[óó 5X÷á•çLZK+MÔeZËZŒgZ£œjÔ!LL�Ûz¼ZDwóó 6X“Š.ïEGLMŠxÔeZˆZ,gZŒÔ!LLZDwÅÃgÏ÷á²~»W~Y,{óó 7XZDwZzgZ�ZÄZK+MÔeZË·gc*nÔ!LLZDwZzgZ�ZÄZK+Móó 8XZK+MŠz4ÔeZË©ZÚi!LLZDwZzgò¬óó 9X‘ÕäO)ZDwÅQgŠzçwZzgZKãÑ»${ð
GOgÔÄZvæÔ!LLZDwg--óó 01X
'†g~4791YZse4jè
EEZzg».$zs\.-ôGÅMgZZ’Z~܃ð÷Xz{Zßi¡¾æ ELZDwÃMù 79X
â…÷'Ÿi@Zzg³m,Z£ä‰UîVÐZDwÆMùƒä»Z‹ZsHìXX™xÈDäËDÆ%ZDwÃZKyŠz„ZzgMùâ**ìÔZyÅMgZik,ÃZzgZt~7Å÷X¼'×h+MgŻ&ÿELf™÷:
;Z£;'LLMù§jÐÎW»eKÚZzgZkÆÎWÅ )1(F,(øg};VZDwäaZÅXóó')ZDw™23(
øg} ŸiŒ'LLZDwøg}a!*ƒp¢ïEGL¬Ý÷XZyÅ£? )2(
493
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
a7g~ZKã�d$Å1Jã»Zq-©÷ZzgZ#ëZ¹7,_÷ÂCÙÇƬàŠâ¨VÆ‚BëÃ"$¹Ò¨é GE:uö»£xq݃@*ìXÆ‚BZ·tc*Z%s™äÆaz{øg~j,Z‚ÛZð™D÷XÓx§i;ñ„z'Z+ŧsZy»zWZzg)÷:¥c
Zzgp:VZzgÕâV6,¬KuöÆ‚BZyÅÃÔz{Ì]÷XÅzzÐz{CÙiâäÆ&B5éEOÈâ»ZKã~ÐZq-ƒ‰÷Xóó)£Ñ‹ŸiÔ%"0î GOE÷áyZ/SÔ™513(Zðx@'LLZDwZ#ÑèZKãÅÏpZã™D÷Âz{Š* )3(ÆË(,}Ð(,}ZKyŠz„Ðú7gTXóó)LLWZzg
'™461( iWóóZuŠZgQ~'LLZDw›ËZg~Æ÷ᲸXZk~Z¨ðËZg~ )4(÷áïìXZDwyz*yÅËZg~Æ÷ᲸXZk~7g~’&ëGLMiZŠ~÷áïìZzgZDw¬ÅêLZK+MÅËZg~Æ÷ᲸXZk~Z·ZKÅìZzg»gwâg¾ZzgšÆZ°gÅÑ÷áïì'ZDw9sV~¬@÷ᲸXóó)Šâp:ZDwÙÏ(‡èZ£xVZº�**¥/S'LLZDw»�xÜs›âVÆa7 )5(ìÉZsxÃÂZ,VäŠ*Æ‚t4+ÕãÂxÅwÐ
» 7HìXZkaāz{ZsxÃè<ØèZK+MB÷Xóó)ZD1]W~Y,{Ô™721(|]Z{oð'LLšµZyÅÂ[)gñ¯6Š~(~÷áh+Î!*g )6(Ðic*Š{ZsxZzg›yÅMÃEZzgZkƬ@zíƒä»f™Mc*ìXóó)LLZDw:æt»—*g{óóÔ™44(
eZËZ.Š@*gÑy'LLZDwZyHg{LzÃVÐÔqŠ#èGELZsxä )7(„z,Åc~zZHìÔZLzW6,z!*wMÃt~;™M�yÅ—~J-YàìXóó)LLZDw:Mù÷á²z**Uóó'˜!LLZDw@z—¬Ýóó'™534(@OzZg@'LL¸z{�xåTÅZKyŠz4äZkÅ÷á²Z: )8(
æìK¯eZÑX¸zzìā˜V}Ì&B¨ÿ
ELK¤/xƒÔpZ{z{
593
¡¾æE
LZDw:özŠc*Mù?
›0*Îyƒc*yzXwÔZk,Zyƒc*gzkÅÃðZsò/gtÔuƒc*-g\Å-Eg-VÆ\¥»ÃðZ½qc*$+|¤9VÅÃðZ+ÀÔCÙ(z{o{mÂzЕYNÐqZsòZ§ÆŠZ¦·ZDwÆä)Ã㯊c*ìXóó)ZDw@z—¬ÝÔ™84(~**BMiZŠ'LLZDwä�!*]½ìz{ZK+MÅ—~нìX )9(
ZDwÜsÑÅфƇb7÷ÉZkÆ”wÆa§$þGL»gÅÑÆ̇b÷XÑÆZk${ð
GOgäZDwÅ÷á²~
ÃZq-MùwZzg¬KŠgŒìXóó)ZDwZzgZk»ÇÔ™901(|gZ`g@'LLZDwäZ0+Zi{™1åāŠ*¹VãÏX5‚bH )01(qÑ]aZ™}ÏZzgZy6qÑ]~ZK+MùaÏXZϯ6,Z,VäZq-¬@zíZzgZq-¬@Zpé]»${ð
GOg7HXZÐM\Zsò
¢ðGO]Èkc*ÃðZzg**xŠ}ŠØ'ZDwÅŠú]¬KŠú]¶Xóó)ZKyŠz„ZDwÔ!LLZDw)ÇVÅÃ~óóÔ,]401Ô701(¯ÄZDwÆF,ZWZôm,~ÔðÔ�ÛZúÔZ¤ß~ÔgzÏÔsBÔÎi+lÔF,ÅÔ 79X²!ÔÃgÏÔXàÔìÔZ&+z‘Zzg¼ŠŠzu~i!*âV~ƒ`÷X),ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLÂÒ‹ZDwóó%"0î GOEeZËg<Z−+;×(
LL!*8-èŠgZóó~÷áïàâ]LLgZxóóZzgLL**7-óóZsòŠzgÅ÷X 99XZDwÆQgŠzZzgÃgϯx~šI¾pVàâ]¬@zMùâÎÅZ+÷ 001X�ZsòjZáÆ%÷Xç1]~Z,ôzVZÃg÷X�gVwŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:
8-èŠgZÅÄLLZKyóó'!*ÁƒsÅàâ]LLÑÈî0õZóó'LLiâ:óó'LL�ÛºMŠx !*ŠüAÐgÁ™D÷óó'LLgzbèZgèMŠx»ZLw™Cìóó'¢ƒæ
ÄLLûQyóó'Zq-7gZz>ZyLL((‹ætzf[óó'\ÄætÅZÒ>ZzgZgèÈsi»Zq-7gZz>ZyLL—g¬ÅêLZKãóó'tf™¬ƒZìāLLYzh+**)óóZq-ÎZÑZò
&CÒø ELèZ™{ì�kãiâ㶊ÐâzgZìXZDwÅ�~’k,zVZzgÒ**]Ь@)bÆiÅ¢zg]zZÌZzg£[ZŠZâ]ÅzŸs#ƒCìXJ†g~8391Y»�xZkÅZq-VwìXŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔõzg{âÎ}.ZzZKyD\Äæt 101XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ**%î0ZDwÔ·Ú{Ãgz¹Ô™37 201X
693
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
aå!*[
HZDwZsòÃÁ÷?äLLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,�Z‹ZŸ]K (Lowes Dickenson) Zse4jè
EE
ÔZy~ÐZq-kBÆ!*g}~ìXz{qìā,6,izgÔjã${ðG
OsÐÜZg~ZzgJÃÙz�gÅŠú]ÔZL¤xz¦[ßÍVÃQVäZzgZLhÆa9Z™äÅÃÒÆáZŠsìXZkÐZDwÅpZ阊»WîZÖgƒ@*ì:
ŒÛƒhZiCÙ¿°ŠŠZg@*¯Â¤/ŠŠ°×MDg*Ѥ/ŠŠa°ŠZ„)
1 ¤/}.Z!*”¾nÔkBZ„íZyZÃg»Zôm,~F,ÀŠg`™Æe4jè
EE'×h+qìāìÔŠzªZzgjÆakB"—èñxìpZy£œÆaZÐèñxIZ**"pìXkBÂkBìpZ{Zk»Ñ¼ÌÒyƒZzgÓxŠzu~lVŧbèIlV»³Ì=Ÿ]ÅzÝZzgjÅßg]~�ìX¡mkB»è<ØÐÃð�h7Z¤/pz{è<ØÆ**x„6,±~ˆƒXZzgZq-%ûZ¤/MiZŠZsòZ�Š
z�Š~MŠHZzg©ƒŠHÂz{c*Š*Ãì™}Çc*ZkÃÒ~**»xƒYñÇXŠzâVßgÂV~Zk‘:�xÆa¼7aÇ�ZDwäZLëèÖVÊc*ìXtÄZq-$+ÎãìXf!Š*äZq-VwÐU*"$™Šc*ìākB�d$Æan{ÁìXZk6,ÜsZ0+ñ¢7™,ÐpÓxßv
793
Z0+ñ÷XkBZyZdßgÂV~Ìn{ÁìXÐZDwÊpìXf[Ãð$IÆa»g7Zzg‰,Z3ÿXLf[�ZLëzlVÐâ-k÷æt~Ë*g}ÊÚÑ÷pZ¹ÜsZq-pã*g{Š3ðŠ}ÇXZ¤/tÂ[9Z:7ÍðìÂMy~ZyÌ»Š3ðŠîìXæt©ƒYñÂf[Ã"—ì™ÆŠxáÇptZK+MÅ�]7ƒÏX'Šz�ÛhVÅ!*b%æFNZãZzgpã�gÔ6,.yqwZzgZfe$~2ZK+MÆuÔ
2 MÐZzgúÔrÑCgìÏXHZDw»w½My¸ì?e4jè
EEÆ´z{Ã7ÔšâÔ±ïYLEZzg\.-ôGäZDw6,kBI~»Z²Zx
Îc*XÃ7ä–āZDwMŠZƒgix2@*ìXšâäZDwÆYgq:�Ð3 -g8ZZxÊZgHZzg±ï Y
EäZ‹ZnHāZDw䧛>»‚BŠc*ìX».$zs\.-ôGäZDw6,ÃÁƒä»Z²Zx¬Z+HXZq-£x6,–ìāZDwäZkÅRö7gh~āÃÁZkÅcz~™,ZzgZkÆZÖp~ZL
ZÖp»ZŸ†™Æ›á‰6Ôh+g›¿6,Z‚N@*ë‰Zz‡]ZDwäZq-Zzg£x6,–ìāZDwäZq-ÐiZZ+%ûpŠÃ 4 ÌZyÅZ¬-$ÅìX
Zq-Zzg£x6, 5 Ã\x~Q{c*ìZ¤/pÃ\xZyÆ${ðG
O§,Å¡ìX\.-ôGqìāZDwÅ÷á²~ÃZq-ÃÁ’q-)’&ëGL0*Îy(Æa
ªÄ0*Îyƈ\.-ôGä7491YÆ¢5ÿGG
L¬xÅf)ŠZg~ZDw 6 ZEwHŠHX@*gZ`g2Ïä\.-ôGÅZkÍZ„Ã8iïELfsZÖp 7 Æ${ð
GO§G6,eZwŠ~X~7Hì:
LLQÞ,œ~ÆZzZbÐQ}7,}›çÑ{~02z,œ~ÐQ!*wMäÎåÔZzgtÃðÁZë»x!7ìXp~ÆMU*gCÙ(ŠAYMh¸ZzgZDwäZkßg‹qwÃ/ÓxF,(zZ9wZzgÌ].ZãYg¢AÆ‚BZK÷á²~Æ‚‘
893
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
~eJÑ'ZkäLLGóóÃZYÑZzgLL=óó6,ŠJzZ1wŠc*'›ŸŠZzg7491YÆ¢5ÿ
GGL¬xÅgzÝ~ZDwÅ"gzuIu
Zsò_./н7gVÃ7,|™6,.y6,ZnÏТŠ!*]8 »Zˆk™z›he4ìXóó
%æEOLRÆZ·ZYVZzgyzîVä7g~e˜ðÆ‚BZDwÃZsòÃÁŒÛZgŠc*XZº@gZñ7g~Ô"èŒÔZuŠZgQ~Ô�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~Zzg@*gZ`g2Ïz){Zy~÷áï÷XgZñ7g~ä–āLLZDwr»Zk§b‡bìT§bzhXZ¤/�ÛtìÂÜsZÚāZq-Æ4,Šq-¸x»|x#ìZzgŠzu}Æ4,Šq-èIXÃbh4ð IHVŧbz{Ì/gÃH&ì'Ã\x»6.3ð XEZƒ™z{Z·ZKZzgCKŠzâVÅ#¿™@*ì't;zh»ì�Z¤DÅ‹Š~Æa‚g~Š*Ã+™Yì'ZDwZ,eðÄZsò0*ÎyÆZPx»Ÿð&ì'¿tāZDwZsòÃÁìZzgZk»g›¿¸ð6,â#ZzgeZË!-AõEEÆyzÃ\xÅßg]~¼g5+k,ƒg;
"èŒäZDwÃLLŠ-ZāÅuJ-ZMZg6,„óóŒÛZgŠc*Zzg¡Òiªî EE0÷á�à 9 ìXóó
ZÏZMZg6,4»x³Cc*XñßsäzhÅ°pÆjZáÐÌZDwuŠZgQ~ä–āLLZDwäZLZk÷á�Ã�gÔ 01 Ã9z°!»¶K:¯c*X
Z$+ZàÔzAZzgzhÅ^~Š¬åZzgZDwÆ4,Šq-7g~ZKã@*gõZ,„pŠ~Ðu÷ágZ�ÛZŠÆZ÷ágzV6,¹ìZzgtZ²Åˆl~ìXtZÐZŠe$6,4Zzg‹z6,4{Ø1gjzZ${ð
GOgì�ZKMy~~ÃÁeð
Z„k°jg~äÌZDwÅLLYgq:]I~óó» 11 »gz\ŠJg©8ìXóóf™HìZzgT§bZDwÆŠzu}${ð
GOgZ]Ãf!„~ˆlHìÔZÏ
21 §bZDwÅ]I~Ã"54fõ EGHIZzg',}VÐâpfCc*ìX
�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~˜÷āLL$+óÐZq-§ð»_./ÌZyÆ
993
HZDwZsòÃÁ÷?
ŒVMìXZzg¤‰Üc*¸]pZ{˧bÅ̃ZkÆaZq-Z0+S6,-ÌZDwÆŒVQìX(ݧԔVÃì™äZzgZy6,ZsòÓ‘‡ì™
ZDwÆ_.!îE0kB�ðÆ´z{�ÛZttN 31 Š¶ÃZDw(,~ZÌŠï÷Xóó�§{mÒy™D÷āZ¤/ZDwÆ${ð
GO§pŠ~ÃyzîVÔ|ÇVZzg·Š-V
äZ(g™1ÂHƒÇ?LL‘Õä O)ZDwÐ0plxVóó~qìāLL¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~
Å’q-ÐOW,ƒ™HZDw)›¸ÂV~Ì¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~ÅV™**e÷
~…t’k,ÃMCì: Thus Spoke Firaq41 Ð?
"Iqbal never had to answer what would be the fate of
his philosophy and that of the world if all the
non-Muslims of the world, Hindu believers in the
philosophy of the self, Buddhists, Christians, Jews and
those subscribing to intellectual and scientific
philosophy of the Self too were to follow his
philosophy."15
M‡ñ @*gZ`g2ÏäZDwÅLLhàje$zYg¢AóóÆo]~Z3ÿXL¯Æ ½�~Ô7VÍgÄ7g~Ô�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~Zzg*iì7g~ɼŠ
Stray ) ZDwŸ]I~ÃLL•gZ‹¡¾æE
LZDwóó 61 Z½‚]7K÷XZ%ZÄZDwžnÐèˆZK 71 ÆÓVÐzZãHìX (Reflections
~g2Ïä–ìāZDwÅZŠ¬á (Iqbal in Final Countdown) Â[¬xîg6,Yg¢A»gz\Z(g™gìÔSîZ#ZDwŒÛzÈz«Æ›y
ZÏÂ[~g2Ïä–ìā 81 (‚ÑgzVZzgxZâV»f™áä÷X91 ZDwÅYg¢AI~ÐZy»›Ÿ9™ŠZgc*ŠMY@*ìX
y~x6,„›âV»tì{ìāz{yzîVÆ!í�Å@*GzÂ}™D÷XñÑ**z©Z−+{Vä‘Õä O)ZDwÉ›gZ{úîVêÄ0*Îy
Zzg(ÏZMZgЊpgpp6,jyHìZzgZDwÅgZ{úðÃߌÛZgŠ}™
004
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
›âVÃtg{tŠc*ìāZ&+zkÆKVZzg¸g]Æ0*g±VŧbÔÕ1~ä 02 ØVÉŠzu}ÔZOŠ~z‚bÆ”w6,Âz%Ãi™,X
�ÛZtZzgg2ÏÅcz~~–ìāLLZDwäZL�x',~Æ�l~t7Îeā˜Š»�xÔZZÄi$4èGELZ¨Å0*òã»(׊{ÔŠ*ÅZâ#ÖZzguŠZg~»$�z{ZLëèÖVÃ7,Jgì÷ZkЊzu~èI¤/z{Èc*VÌu
12 ƒ™Zâ!ïGLZZxŃk~u‹ZzgÈzt$+zlyZȘŠ~ò$Ë÷Xóó2222
à:~Ðe4jèEE»Z‹Zn×ZzgæÉÿ OìZzg„CÙ¹Y0+Zg
¥xƒ@*ìpZk»â°tìāf[zZáÂÃð$7HZsòæt„ÃecāoVâo¯ä»ìwghŠ,ÔJÃÙÐ6,Ì™,Ô�Zzg©:ƒVÔZ3ÿXLf[ÃZCZ¡w™äŠ,ZzgCÙqw~kBФ/m,
™,X›yÂÔ7yœ~¦/gYäÆ!*z�ŠZ[Ì�Zzg©7÷pZkÆ!*z�ŠÉZÏ:LÐZEgÅ»gYg~ìX',¤6ZzgZ%MŠzâVä1VÆJg6,ÔZuZLÅ~ÔYYîã‡ìÅ�Z[�CÙ~ÏgzVЩìXò6,¸gCºÅgZ{',¤6äûZgÅZzgškBÆfg)
Z%Mäætz«Æz‚bÊ1a1XZå,œ~ÅZ’ZÐ6DglKYgì÷X
e4jèEEäXZÃg»Zôm,~F,ÀŠg`HZy»|xtìā¾}CÙ
¿»ÑZv»ŒÛ[ƒ**ecX¿ZvÆa:ƒÂ*ÌÑ0YCìZzgZ¤/ZvÆaƒÂkBÌíƒYCìXtZÃgTÄZyÆ�÷Zk»ÈtìāLL›yÅi0+Ï»ÑZ´ñIZvìZzgZ¤/˜Š»øuo�~ƒÂz{Zsx~wZxìXóó˜ŠÑÆÜs£uåLíÆaƒ@*ìZzgZsx~ZkÆZßwHg÷XZyZßßVÅgzÐÑÅ]Ãik,™**¢zg~ìXZk¿Æ
104
HZDwZsòÃÁ÷?
ŠzgZy:ÜsZKã£tɳZ**]Zzgm@*]J-»ìwgppÅ@*NňìX›y!*Š÷áƒVZzg‚ÑgzVäíg¤ðÆa�(XZDwZyÅ@*G7™DZ%˜ŠZv»¬ìÔZkaZDwZkЊ„',ŠZg7ƒDX˜ŠÐŠ„',ŠZg~»zZã|xÑÅÂVЊ[Y**ìX˜ŠÉe4jè
EEÆZ‹Zn~÷áïŠzu}ZñgÆK~ZDwäZC!í�Zk§bzZãH:
LLZ#Zq-xÃhzœZ‰ÜÅ×e$~±äÅŠú]Š~YñÂ÷}o}ÅgzÐZkŠú]6,�IZk»�ÛnìXp~ZyÓxlVÃ%ŠzŠ&ƒVX»Ño�~ƒX›e4jè
EE»tIŠg„ìākBpZ{hÅ×e$~ƒpZ{o�~zìq~Å{§n„z',!*Š~Zk»Ñiò³ìÔZkaZk»¾qw{؃**ecÔpëŠN`÷āç@}ÔoÔ¾�Zzg»ÐckB»{Ø7™‰XZ¤/ëZk~¬ÅÚic*Š{»x!qÝ™BƒÇtāwø'$zgZZxÆZ¡wÆaic*Š{6,Zðßg'ZCBÏ'Ãði0+{zÂZ**
,„ZyrT$»{Ø™$ËìZzg~äZkÐæ[™Dƒñ¹ì:
!*izg¬ÝÒgZc*Ä*22 §c*VgZ$+{�Ä*
'÷}4,Šq-—’ZKyŃÐ(,~ÕìXZkÆ”wÆa~¿ÅÓxßgÂVøw£Šxz�gâzg~&ƒVXZkÐZKyÃZPxq݃@*ìÔZÏa~䧊~zjã${ðG
OsÅ#¿Åìóp~£Šxz�gÃ(ÏwÐ7´4jèEE ÉZܹwТzg~ìw™@*ƒV'÷}4,Šq-›e
204
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
»f‚ZÌJ--g\zZßVÆZkŠ*${ðG
OgÐMiZŠ7ƒZā32 Zsx\Åzp3,m,~»ŠgkŠêìXóó
ZDwätzŸs#ÌÅāX›y!*Š÷áƒVäfZCƒkÆ�pZsxÆ6,Š}~íg¤ðÅZ,Vä£uåLZsxÃvyàc*Xo�~ZsxÆãCŠ~£œ~÷áï7¶XZkÐZsxÆz{ZOŠ~Zzg/g~Zßw›zú:0*nX»f™ŒÛMyzug$~ìX›âVäxā‡ì™àpZyÆ(Ï·Z76,Yq»g8-m|ŠHTÐ
ZsxʼnZëF,+Zkã¸'ÃzVÐZz̓IXZsxÅ¡]~Z,Zz™s©V÷�Zлx!Ðë)g™Mh÷XZk»Z0+Zi{ZkÐHYYìāu~ZsxÅ16,Ãð(ϸ]7¶pz;VÑÅVZKy
42 ŠZ],{Zsx~ŠZ4ƒ‰XLL!*Áƒsóó÷áùƒð–w;Z£œj‰ÁÃzVäÔX~
ÐZq-ÃZ,VäLUf[»rZg–ìÔZDw6,kBÅ×e$»Z²Zx¬Z+HXZ‹ZnZzgZK§sÐ�Z[6,ŒÔ;Z£œjäÔZq-ĽX
Z‹ZŸ]ÅF,)ã8iïELfsZÃgЃCì:ZkŠz§F,¹~Ì÷kBÆqòs7gÂtZyÆÇÅì{òŠï÷¹izgz{½pŠ~6,
Ètì0YîzhzÓZDwÂíZLƒÐ÷**eg
52 ZsxÌHZ+pŠ~»ì§ÆZg?ZDwäÄ7,|™ZyZ‹ZŸ]»��Z[Šc*ZkÐZyÆ$©�î EG
0Ã6,'×h+gzÝ7,CìXZDw˜÷:
304
HZDwZsòÃÁ÷?
LLŠ#èGELZsx�CÙ›yÆo{ÅgzÐCÙÚ6,lxì$©øEE
L
ZKãZzgZkÅ%œ/~ÂVÃ+7™@*ÉZyÆ¿ÆauzŠ¥™@*ìXZyuzŠÆ¥™ä»**xZ˜—Zsx~Ñ<c*‡âÈZÅ:ö XWìXpŠ~pZ{zhŃpZ{ÓŇâÈZÅ:ö XW
Å0*ȃYñ›yƒYCì'2n»tIāZDwZkŠz§F,¹~kB»qòìßìX~kB»qò7ƒVÔ:Ãð›yÑ<Æuz›§ÆƒDƒñZk»qòƒYìXŒÛMyŽÅgzИŠc*kBÅÜsŠzßg'÷X
62 õF:Zzg²:XóóLUf[ÆrZgzVÐsÃà:»Xtìāz{Zsò
ætÅËZg~ÐpsiŠ{÷Xf!ZEgäZsòŠ*ÃZkŠg@*gZ`HìāZsòZ�ŠZzg]zZPxZyÆ4,Šq-ŸÎyìZzgh•zp3,m,~Å´#ÖìXz{ZÐ÷¯™Zka7™D÷@*ā–weZ˱†ZvLLf[ZyiîzVÃfgZic*Š{JZzg¤/ZV™Š}ÔXÐZkäætÅYÈ**ÂZV
@*ëtªCÙìā˜ŠŠÃqÆaÌ¢zg~ìZzgZEg 72 ëg3ìXóó�]ÆaÌXñ�Š{Úø~Z¤/¦MiZŠƒYñÔò6,¸g]» иï:º»ƒYñÔ¢©¨é GEGiÐgzϯ`zZ:¬YñZzgZsòŠ*~f[
SîZ%MÅæZìZzgÑZ0~ȃYñ˜Š»�Zi!*¹7gLXf[�ZzgŠzl@*#©ìXZkßg]~›âVÆ�Zzg©ƒäÆÜs
zZzÞ"pìX».$zs\.-ôG»�Z½k@*gZ`g2Ïä7HìZkÆ‚B\.-ôG
ÅZq-gZñÃÃZ0+Zi™Šc*ìX7491YÆ¢5ÿGG
L¬xÆ!*g}~\.-ôGäqd/õ IG',Z',zZÑ Z¤/p\.-ôG»t 82 ~–ìā)›Ì¬xp3,m,~~',Z',6,ŸŠ¸X
404
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZDw !í�Ì0øhìXZº@gZñ7g~»t!í�ÌßìāyzÃ\x~ ÆÃ\x»g›¿åXyzx6,4»M¸i›ËZg~ЬQÞ,œ~Æ ƒZX�,œ~ÆZzZb~ZkYgq:x6,4Æ!*)yzîVä$©o-ê
GGGLXw
ÜsîÃy9Z™Šc*Xyzx�›ZÒe$»Zq-ß/',ŠZ“:™mÔZq-›Æ o»${ð
GOgÔ_cZzgªxù',ŠZ“™$˶X›Š#~\.-ôGyzîV‚B9ZÃM@*ìÔZÏa’&ëGL0*ÎyÃÃÁ’q-ŒÛZgŠc*ìX±ï
YEäÌ
›>ç–ìXtà:c*Âyz³ZìÙ7nZzgc*ZsxŠ#ÆË~yzîVÃZC¡~™ìw™ÆZyÅ0*‡Zg~ÅZzgs™Ð¤/m,HX
3333%æEOLRÆZ·ZYVä\.-ôGÐic*Š{Ygq:Z0+ZiZ(gHZzgZDwÃâx™äžnÐZy6,›�Û‘6,4Ô¦‡I~ZzgZsò’á»Z²Zx¬Z+HZzgZÐ!*g!*g™CÙZc*X’áÆZ²ZxÅZ’ZZº@gZñ7g~äÅZzgZ•uŠZgQ~ÅZq-Â[6,ƒðXT~–w~**BMiZŠZDw6,ÃÁƒä»Z²ZxÎc*ŠHpZkÂ[ÆÜsZÚ”h+gáLO¿ƒZāZkÅÓx¢,
gZñ7g~ÆZ‹ZŸ]»æÉÿ O�Z[eZËpZz·i™c*ä 92 ‹™**7,,XLLZDwZzgÃ\xóóÆÄZyÐZq-*yÉ™Šc*XpZzi™c*˜÷ā¬UZ#zhÅ’q-ZOŶKè0LU*6»!*)0g„¶ÔZkz‰ÜZDwäZkÅ°pzÂEÅXˆ~Z#zhä6,6,i}ï%ÑzqKZzgZ�ÛiZzg-g\Æ´6,ÌAðƒðÃ,eZBÔÂZDwäZkÅ#¿ÅXpZzi™c*äZ·ZKZzg’áÆ×}ÊzÎ.V»×ZŒÛZgŠc*ZzgZDwÆ!*g}~zŸs#ÅāLLZyÆÂÄ„~gzq+MÔZÜtZzgè<ØÆÁÜ„tªCÙ
ZDw6, 03 ™äÆa»°÷āÃ\xc*ñ4,xÐZ¹Ãðg*zm7Xóó7VÍgÄ7g~ÆZ²ZÄÃ7L»×Y,{LLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óó~7H
504
HZDwZsòÃÁ÷?
Zk~÷á�ZzgéÆjZáÐZ‹ZŸ]6,ÌÃeZàìX 13 ŠHìX�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~»tÎZwāHZDw)ÇV~Ì¡Òiªî EE
0pŠ~ÅV™**e÷Ð?Zq-ß.6,FFìXpŠ~7À.ïGL�Ûúã77À.ïGL@ìX�ÛZt˜÷āZ¤/yzÔ|ðZzg·Š~z){¡Òiªî EE
0pŠ~ÃZ(g™BŠ*»H¶ÇX�ÛZtЬÃ7ä–åāLL¯tZ²“WÅyZ!tìāM\»7,zÏÌM\Å].z46,Ãg‚rìZzgz{̯tZ²“WÅÃÒ™@*ìX*ÃZk»
pŠ-VÆ£Šx»ÎZwZDwƉŠzu}2¤äÌ 23 Š/ƒ[ìXóóÕ1~äZ¹™CÙZ**¢zg~ìwHXZ,Vä)ÇVÆ 33 QVc*ìX
yZȘŠ~å3Å!*]Åì�&CÿLÃìX˜ŠZsòZ˜bìZzgZkÆZßwHg÷XyzŠZ›gzVÅcz~™Æy~x6,„›yy~›âV~ÎtÃ�ÛzrŠ¶»!*)‘Wgì÷Xz{ZsxÅãCŠ6,ZãÌ�7÷æšÅïLGfZ]ÅãCŠ6,÷X¸zzìāg]~›yšÅ3ð LGVÐÌú÷X
íZzgÑÅMzm,lÂZiwÐYg~ìZzgYg~gìÏpZ¤/íÅ×e$F,u™Š~YñÂÌÑÅ'M:~”ZNÏZzgZK+Mn„ZzgfªÐŠzegƒCgìÏX85ë EE
YLxŠzx~ÜsÑÅ'$åL£.Þ‰XMÃEÆÚø
~à:ÔZ·ZÅÔyzZzgy~x6,„›y¡¾æE
LZDwÃZsxJ-özŠCD÷pZ#¡¾æ
ELZDwÆâ~.ÅcCD÷ÂZk„Æ"g${ð
GO§pŠ~Ã"54fõ E
GHI
z){лgŒÛZgŠ¶ÔZDwÆ%›}.ZÃÓZzgzhÆgz\~ŠÚZzgZDwÃZsòÃÁŒÛZgŠ¶6,iz§Üs™D÷ZzgZke~�gÔZ$+ZàZzgzAÃÌ÷áï™fe÷XMwZ£uzgÆ**xZL¯[!ígQ21âga7391Y~ZDwäzŸs#Åā�ge$ÅgzbÃZh™äÐ�ge$Ãi0+{™**°Š7Éz^ûLZ¨ÆF,ÃVÃËZg™**°ŠìXzhÆ!*g}~–āZkÈÒ}.Z
ŠgZÝzhZ¤/ÑÅ]¶Â 43 ŠzâVÆS:]¦÷X saint Zzg devil~
604
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZDwäLL0+g‹„z¿óó 53 ZkÆæ¹Zzgf!wpÌíÅ´#Ö7¸Xp 63 ÆjZáÐZzgZOŶKè0U*6ÆÚø~zhÅ°pÅìX
73 Ã\xÆjZáÐi',Š„è#ÖÅìXpŠ~ñ\ö WðÅÌìZzg�ÛúyÅÌXZDw�ÛúãpŠ~Æ#³÷
Zzg:pŠ~~ez[Æ¢ƒæaZ™ÔÅS™D÷Xz{%›ñðÆZz™sñ\ö WðZzgZ',Z�ðÆjZáÐÒy™D÷Zzg@*y!{‹¨éEð2ºc*ð6,I¦ìX!zŠZzg�ÛúyÑÅ´#Ö¸X¸qwzhÔÓZzgZyÆw¶V»ìp–wZDwLLpŠ~pZ{zhŃpZ{ÓŇâÈZÅ:ö XWÅ0*ȃYñ›yƒYCìXóóOçpŠ~ÇâyZÅ:ö XWÆÚø„~Š9ecXLL¡¾æ
ELZDwözŠc*
Mù?óóÆ�tzŸs#ňìāZDwÆ${ðG
O§pŠ~~ZKyŠz4ÔZ�ZÄMŠèZzg“Š.ï
EGLMŠxÅãCŠ~wìXZDwâ»ZKyÆ;ðVZKyÆDg~ƒäÅ#¿ZzgŠ*½ÆÍZzg¤xZKâVÅ×e$™D÷Xz{LL»�Ûzñð!7Òþ
EL}.Z„óóƇb÷ZzgZy»%›}.ZLLZi}.Z�Š§&óó6,»gÈ
ìXZDw»${ðG
O§pŠ~${ðG
O§Â©6,FFìZzgÜs${ðG
O§Â©„ZK+MÃõòZzgpsÐ�]ŠÑYìXZDwZK„ÃiY)zäÆaZ!ïGL0Ðp~»M¸i™D÷ÔZkaāz{©ÅqïìXZk�xÃ9§b™™z{Š*ÃÌŒ$ËìÔOçZDwÆ7ÂgZ¬ÅêLZK+MìZzgz{ætz¾[ŠzâVÅ‘ÃH™äÆMgizq÷XZDw»${ð
GO§pŠ~4+ZKãZŠZg»
qïìXZDwÅx]~Zm‹fZ]Ô¢œÔ¿øÔMiZŠ~Ô)zZ]ÔZpé]ÔœZ‰ÜÔ°ZªZzg›zZ�ZxZK+M÷áï÷XZyÆ4,Šq-}.ZÅZgè!*Š÷á>Ø~‚g}ZKyŠZ4ƒMh÷2nZsx„ZKã',ZŠg~Åzu]‡ì™Yìāz{#Ô—ãZzg´‡ðZqÐiZ]ÐâzgZìXyz#ÖZ0+gzãîg6,ËZzgZzõ<»DgìZzgf[ÆJZ:ÂñVÐZDwâ-k
704
HZDwZsòÃÁ÷?
÷X5ä~Z�Û8-ŠzƒÜulV»!*)µìXÃðJZ:ÂxËz‰ÜËÓÃÀŠ}YìZzg�ÛúãpŠ-VÆ£ŠxÐËz‰ÜŠ*»ZðMz!*уYìX
ZDwZÏÚø~**"ìJELhÐë÷:Z}�Ûz¼Šh+ÒZkVÒ Z}ÎZ§Z\;ï IXELŠzgZV"5é ELG$™*îEE
0pŠgZ(;iï EXIGLÍlÁ Øg¶ZZxgZ{ñlÁYÄ4ñ›!*iŠ{ &z‡âÈZpé]‚iŠ{
83 §c*VgZ&åELL{�Ä* !*iŠg¬ÝÒgZ&éGOÄ*CKƪxÆaZDwkBÆÜs÷pZ{z{ZsxÅMh~
±~ˆƒXtìwÌßìāZDwZMZg6,„÷X6,-ËÅ̃ÑuìÎZñ}.Z6,4ÆXZDwZvÅxZãƇb÷@*āŠ*~°ÁZ½¦',zñ»gÑc*YnX
ñÑ**z©Z−+{Vä›âVÃZMZg6,4Å(ig6,4»ŠgkŠc*ì²›âVÃZzg‚g~Š*黊gkŠ¶Å¢zg]ìX›y»·Z7
Zv»ŒÛ[:ƒÂz{ZMZgÆfg)Z&+zkÆKVZzg¸g]Æ0*g±VÐic*Š{ŠzªZÇ™YìX6āâé}ÅŠ;ðZzgZkƈ0*ÎãxZâVäÅìXZ¤/›y»·Z7ZvÆÎZ¼ZzgƒÂz{±ð Nh}»eƒìXñÑ**ñßsZ¤/ttg{Šïā@*ß^îgì÷ZzgÅ»gúZx»Z¡w™gì÷2MߊÏ;gì÷ÔZka›âVÃecāz{g]ZzgÅÆyZy~QF,,@*āz{úZx»Z¡w:ƒäŠ,ZzgMߊÏ6,‡10*äÅVw‡ì™,Âttg{™T$ƒ@*XñÑ**z©Z−+{VäòÔ1û7ZzgZjjîy~
93 _.!îE0kBz˜ŠÃZDw»ZW,Cc*ìZzgZÐÌZDwÅßgZ{úðŒÛZgŠc*ìXñÑ**ñßs»AtìāZjygzkÅÝòJw™feÔ1û76,uÒÅÓ#ÖgSZzgò-VøgCºJw™¢8ecX
804
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Z„k°jg~äZDwŸ]I~Ã"54fõ EGHIZzg',}VÐâpfCc*
ìXZvÅZq-°àÚ¸~ƒ**ìXOçZvÃgh™"54fõ EGHIZzg',}VÐZk
Ú»Z~.ƒ**&CÿLÃìX°jg~äZDwÐLLYgq:é]I~óó™[ÅìXt!*]ÌßìÔZkaāZvYg¢AÃI7™@*ZzgZkä"3™-.ç FGEELZWzMyåÃgØZr=Æ£x6,Ã,HìXZÎÒgÎwåZsxÅ‚|#~÷áïìZzgZDwÆ4,Šq-**T$h“W»Z®gZÏZÎ{Åcz~6,ì®ZZDwÃYg¢AIIßìXZDw:ZMZg6,„÷Ô:Yg¢AIZzg:ÃÁÔZ%Yg¢AÔ
ZEgZzgZëZŠÆ#³÷Zzg›âVÉŠ*½ÆõñVZzg¤ñVÃMiZŠ~ÔZðZzg³]Ðë)g™**eT÷Xé]Æ%SyZdzZg«£œ»”w**eìX±Zðx@ÆZÖp~LLZ¹é]ZkaI:¶āz{ÃÁ¸ÉZkaāz{›ZZx~Z⤉܊9eT¸āZ¹MiZŠ~Æ‚BZsxÆCñƒñZßßVÆ_.ZKi0+ÏZzgZL')å GOyÆú
04 ™ä6,Šg]q݃XóóYg¢AÅgzuåxZzgZdzZg«£œÆaZv¬\䘊!*Å
ÅZYi]ÌŠ~ìZzg¬ÌŠc*ìXtZDw»o{ÌìZzg${ðG
OgÌXkBÆ{8Åßg]Üs¸ìāŠ*ÐÑ»{؃YñXÑŧsÐ
As~ŠbìXZDwÆ ÃÑÅ Yg¢AÅßg]~æZd:kBФ/m,pŠ4,Šq-Äf%À¢Y]ÆáZŠsìZzg¡:ƒÂ@»§"ãCŠìXZDwZK+MÆFípZ{÷ZzgZ+ÆZI»gzVÅ(%ŠZÈ}.ZƤ÷�]ZkaqÝ™,@*ā‚%Z`ZzgZEgÃYg¢AÐgz»YnZzgŠ*ÃZð»‘Zg{¯c*YnX
904
HZDwZsòÃÁ÷?
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
Z¤/&?çO¿Zz�qZÑgn ŠgÒyZ,ā!©}å GL§]›S´ñIZvZ„z˜Š 1X!*”Šgè<ØèZsxwZxZ„XZuZgèpŠ~
X%"0î GOEgfŒÔ The Sword and the SceptreÔ ZÝZôm,~QÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG 2XÌ]982X092e4jè
EEätzZã7HāZ¤/¦[z¤xZāÐ7‚%Z`zZEg»{ØùƒÇ?
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLà:óóÈî02¤ 3X'ßyZi+cÔ,])!*nKM(011Ô331Ô321 Modern Islam in India 4@*6X
'™59 Islam in Modern History 7X_Åœî0ZDw~�xZDwÔÚø2Ô™67 8X
LLZŠ[Zzgi0+Ïóó'!LLZ°góóÔ{m�:2+gZº@gZñ7g~',] 9X923@*133LL¡Òiªî EE
0÷á�óó'!LL×èZDw§‹ZDw~óó',]632Ô732 01XF,¹IZŠ[Ô™911 11XZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™551 21Xæk,LLÝlóóÆ**x¯[ñgQ32�Ûzg~3591YfZ!LLÂiâä~}.Z»My~ 31X�xìóó'·$+#Z²âyÔ™42LLZ°góó'™ZcÔâÞ8791YÔ™02 41X
'™37 Thus Spoke Firaq 51X,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL_Åœî0ZDw~�ÄZDwóó'!ÚøX2Ô,]26@*07 61X71X
',]51Ô52 Iqbal in Final countdown 81X91XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLiâ:ÃT#/õ EGóó2LLZDwÅ÷á²~ÐZ#ÖFÐéƒðc*7?ZDw» 02XgZ32wÅY+$„:åXóó˜!LLZDwg--óó'©gM!*ŠÔâÞ5991YLLŠzZDwóó'!LL_Åœî0ZDwóó'ù”î0£Ñ‹ZDwÇg~Ô™721 12X
014
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
*"$èZÅ:ö XWDZuZgzgñiÔÄ»|xtìāLLŠ*~Zq-!*gQZðzZây‡ì™Zzg 22X§îVÃQ*»�xŠ}Xóó
'',]982X0922Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ¯[¯x The Sword and the Sceptre 32X42XeZË$¹Òjè
EE!ígQ42†g~1291YÔÈî0ZDw**)Ôà‹kKMèZDwÔ¢ŠzxÔ
~÷áïìX Discourses of Iqbal ,]922@*532ÔZDw»t¯[),]981@*691(Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ$¨å EGLZDw§‹ZDw~Ô,]143@*643X2Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ[¯x;Z£œj 52X62X!ígQ21Šc6391YÔ!ZDw**))&ÿJLZDwÔ™541ÔZkK~eZˆZv'×h+˜÷: 72X
LL$¹ÒjèE
EZzgÃ7c*e4jèEE�̃VZ¹ZDwŽÅßg]~
ætÐZq-Z+Íô‹ðŠ~�¡‹ZKãÆrZzg¢ZŠgZu6,FF¶XT»ZW,Dîg6,SZkÆZzg¼7ƒYāæti0+ÏÆZkZˆkо{zgƒÇÔTÐÅg~Zz[aZƒ**Dì
ZzgTÆZW,Z]ŠzggkZzgTÆ}ò!�ƒVÐXZÏzzÐZDwÆf!ÕŠzVÆ4,Šq-\ÄZDw»|xYgq:îg6,(ÏìXóó
'™59 Islam in Modern History 82Xyz*y~ZD1]ÔMiZŠ~ÆZzgŠzu}ÂV¼Ô™51 92XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDwZzgÃ\xóó˜!LLZDwÙÏZzg"góó',]77@*68 03XZDwŠ#Zq-_·Ô,]872@*882 13X
'™382 The sword and the Sceptre 23X}Zðx@˜÷āLLŠ*¯tZ²zVÆ�`~psƒYñÏc*Zq-„ 33XM%tZ²Æik,3ƒÏ?pŠ-VÆ£ŠxÃgz1ÆHfgZùƒVÐZzg*"$èZÅ;0î XWGÅ2w¬xµMŠxðÅ2wƒÏc*ÜsPÅ?óó)WZzgiW™061(eZË.g™×!*àg¶§Zi÷āLLfZCèIZzgòZ”»”h+ZˆkZzg†VÅuJ-6,zgŠ{_./Z#ŠzuzVÆ£.Þƒ@*ìÂZyЊz4ZzgZ·Zu™äÆOñ§ŠZzg”ZîÅßg'aZ™Æi0+ÏÅ’q-»!*)0Y@*ìXèIZzg¸òZ”ÔpŠ~Æ!*b”ZîZzgYŠÅßVßVÐZKã@*gõ½~7,~ìTÅVB].h+Š*~ÌÁ7÷XZkßg‹qw~ZDwäfZCèIZzg
114
HZDwZsòÃÁ÷?
¸òZ”ÔpŠ~Å6,zglÔbàZzgZÖg6,izgŠ}™Š*ÆßÍVÃeZ{HìXóó)LL)~ZŠ[óóÔ�Ñð0991Y™48(Zðx@ƬZzgMy~ÎZw»�Z[tìāZDwŠ*~ZÏ}.Zð!*Š÷á>ØÅ!*]™D÷˜VCÙ�ÛŠF,šMc*CƒÇZzgZyÁz÷"éZKâVÅ/gt
Ô Discourses of Iqbal ~œgz{ƒÇ�ƒÐic*Š{»Šz«ƒÇX)™881(
eZË!*à‰ŠZ›gzVÃecāZKu»gÃŒNāò~›âV6,bÝÈ™}ZzgZyÆ8þLpŠZ(g~Ãt™}2',RÃ�CÙ~kBÐXñ'
ZDwÆÜs!*'¯äÆOñ¸gCŠZ›gzVÃtÎOecā=£ò~i‚]ÑÄyz*ã¯`HZzgYV™g„ìZzgI6,-ZgƳZìzxÁH÷?à‹kKMèZDwÔ¢XgxÔ,]634X734 43XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwÅÄzh)ZLf!Zzgæ¹w¶VÐ(¢ƒæÔ™151 53XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG!*ÁƒsÅÄLLzhóóÔà‹ZDwQgŠzÔ,]244X344 63XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ¢ƒæÅÄLLZ!/óóT~zhÃ-g\»™È¹ìX 73X*"$èZÅ:ö XWDZuZgzgñi 83XZDwg--Ô©gM!*ŠÔâÞ5991YÔ,]45X55 93XgzZe$ZzgŒz]Ô™801 04X
/'/'/
214
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
0*vZV!*[
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?»aå!*[LL¦‡I (Modern Islam in India) ».$zs\.-ôGÅÂ[
ÆÄZyÐ−HŠHìX\.-ôGä–ìā (Iqbal the Reactionary) ZDwóóZßw7™Dz‰ÜZDw¹Š8ÔZ•ð].h+ZzgZdzZaƒD÷p{mç5]~e.YD÷XZLZg»ð�Æ!*z�ŠZsxÅ{'.3ï
GGG6,¢
gnp÷Zzg‡Šc*EVÅè#Ö™D÷X3äÅWÅgÎxZzgúg]ÆK~»DgƒYD (conservatism) ].h+§hVÐHD÷ZzgŠZ#ÖI~
÷XZ¿Š6,izgŠï÷piâUZzo~Z¿Š6,ÇÃF,ߊï÷XZyÅè#Ö™D÷�ZsòÑ<6,»gÈ7÷Zzg (Modernists) ‰ŠIzV
ŧsñhŠï÷XZPÄpŠ~»ª (Orthopraxy) Zy»gc0èIÃ],%³LLZ¤®)óóCD÷T»ÈìZsxÆgzZîŸ�VÅ0*È~;
ŠzuZ%³LLr3û EELÑóó» 1 Oç¹ì:“{d-÷
EELñMNt&Ziuz›@ÛzV%zX
ì&qÝ™äÆaZDwZsxÆgzZî0*õZg»yÅS™D÷X'×h+tāZDwZssÅcz~ÃçZPx»!*)ŒÛZgŠï÷:gZÓM!*gzāZ,
ZkzzÐâèÃc*Š™Dƒñö47: 2 ‹Z„&!š-öELÇr3û EELIZ„X;VtsìÔ0',’<å XL@gLƒV~
3 Z3ÿXLÀÐ%æFNZãŠZ*VHƒV~\.-ôGätÌ–ìāZDwÃZ¿Š»E+™{ZY4ìÔZ¿Š6,¿7XZk§bZDw_wŠZ#ÖIzVÆZkps~Ñq-ƒYD÷ā
314
¦/ZzgZt~ 4 ZsxZq-MMÔZq-Và%äÅwÐ**a:ƒYñXtf™M[ìā\.-ôGÆ4,Šq-ZDwZq-Z,_w÷�_wZix6,úMzgƒD
ZDw6,à:»{mZ‹Znúg]ÆK~ìXZÝZ}Mg±ïY
Eä 5 ÷X».$zs\.-ôG»Zq-Z½kÜ™ÆZDwÅ].h+e$ÐZïgHìX®!Z½k»F,ÀøDfsì:
LLZDwLŒ7ZzgåZyÅ#¿Å�!*zg™D÷āZk5Š8Š*~úg]ÌzheÅWiì'ZDwúg]Ã0*uZzgõxgeT÷ZzgZkÆau¤/òÔMiZŠ~Zzg*"$èZÅ:ö XW
Å×e$7™D'ZyÆìw~úg]ÃZ(„gxec6z{Zsx~åg„ìXÈÔ%ŠÆMÐg#e\Zzg
gŸqÔpŠ¼:qÝ™NhzZàZzg£œ»fg=“WzZàXZDwäZKç-VÃ6,Š}~g3ZzgŠ*ÃVàúg]»t${ð
GOgŠc*:
âŠgZVgZZÎÒ»ïGw %i»tgZqÝGwñËgŸñŠggŸñØCÙl âg~zëM¢�ÛâÎl
6 M(¤/ŠZyzŒÛMVuZ MVZŠ[6,zgŠÒñzgŸ@*ëMy»gZDwät™1ƒÇāúg]Æ!*g}~Zy»!í�ßìXZq-¿ÄLLúg]óó~Zk§sZ÷ág{ì:
~̤&ö0²ZVЃV¦u¹7 7e1Zk-ÒÂÅíŠ!óó
tZ½k7™Æ±ïY
Eä–ìāZDw»tZ‹Z½**»òZyÅ]].h+e$»vhìXZkм¬Z²Zx¬Z+HìāZDwäŒÛMyÅgzÐ%Š
Ð07ÙÅ ]Ö³†ôùqø^ÙöÎøç#]ÚöçûáøÂø×øo]ÖßôùŠø«ðô ziyÅ)zZ]»Šúò™Dƒñ¢zgÂV ìTЙsªCÙìā%Šúg]6,Eg‚rìX7xä–ìāLL].h+
414
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
8 Æ�@*z&ÿGLŒÛMy»ñµM@*ìÂZDwZK„ÆZgŠ¤/Š!*hΊï÷Xóó%æEOLRÆZ·ZÅpZ{z{yzƒVc*›yZDw6,âè6,4Zzg¦‡I~
ÆZ‹ZnÊCÙZDgì÷XtŸ7À.ïGLiÅp~J-izgØgÐYg~g;X_3ûELŒä–āLLZDwâè»ùg~ì'z{cƒð’V»6,zZ:ìXZa~
01 Z£ZäZDwÅ÷á²~æ‡IZ:¹X 9 ƒðEVÃ=**eLìXóóuŠZgQ~ 11 7VÃtZW7MðāZDwÃF,¹I¹Yñc*ŠZ#Ö6,„X
ägZñªCÙÅāLLZ#Zz[ƈ6Âx»ÎZwM@*ìÂZDwŠZ#Ö6,4Q~Æ–wLLtŠgz7Zzg¹g~Ô÷á�ZzgZÐZŠe$ 21 »DgƒYD÷Xóó
6,4Ô‰h+è<ØZzgZ§áZzg${ðG
Osøg}»xÅq,7÷YèZyÐZðx@ä–āLLZDw${ð
GOge$Æ 31 M`úZxÃÃðÃZ+{7VYXóó
6~ú™ËËñµ6,MiZŠ„Z°gÐ<ÍZYD÷ZzgZÐ-yÅZXŠ�l'M!*Š~äLLMiZŠ~Z°góóÅOñLLZ°gÃY…÷ 41 ÈŠï÷Xóó
i‹œjä–ì: 51 »§Z+óó»Z²Zx¬Z+™Šc*XLLZq-§sÂz{CÙZÃZq-.e$F,¹IZzg‚4$©�î EG
0ÃЊ8ìT»ÑìCÙZk¸]ÐZKyÃMiZŠ™Zc*Yñ�ZÐÂëZzg$hå GIOŠÅŠ−w~ªñgeSìXŠzu~§sz{ZCñgzOÛ„Ì7g~§bghäûg7TÅ
61 a,êZzgŠ®áâè~÷XóóyzZ·ZYVÆZ‹ZŸ]ÃKÆagZ+g**BæZZzg.g™×!*à
ÆjZá»°÷XæZäÎZwQVc*ìāLLMytWiŧs%Z‡™äzZÑZg»¾n»ì?óóZzg�Z[tŠc*ìāLL§‹Yzh+ÆY)Ã"zzeu™Æ
71 Zk6,âèÆ1¦{k0+Î**ÌŠgZÝZÏè<ØI~ÅQW»³ìXóóæZä–āLLZDwÆ‚BŠ‰Ütìāz{�Ûz¦!*ÂV~Âp~Æa»gÔ
514
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
É÷pZßà!*ÂV~Ëp~Æa»g7ƒDX(,~Ð(,~!*]z{t™Mh÷āŠ*Ã].h+ÐëM}™äÆa%æFNZãÑZ[Ã51ŒV~
eZË!*àg¶§Zi÷: 81 ½™Zy6,].]ZzgF,¹ÆfðV™Š,XóóLL(ÏÒpÐz{Zq-%æFNZäZ0+ZiÆÂÄÓ#ÖÆqòƒ‰
¸XZyÅI»z{ÂxŠ´ÂÄÓ#ÖåZzgSîz{ÌŠ#èGELZsxÅZ‚k6,FFÂÄÓ#Ö&ZsòZ˜b~ÂÄÜĹ
ì'ZDwäŠ*ZzgZ3ÿXLZsxÆaZk§bÆ�ÛΊ{ Y@*èIâÎÆÂÄÓ#ÖÅ@*G™ÆÃð(»x7H'
ßÍVÐ{mZzgic*Š{^gŠ~¦‡I~Åqï è<Ø ë91 ƒCìXZDwÌZk¦‡I~»p[p[DgƒñXóó
.g™×!*àäÔ¼ŠŠzu}2¤Å§bÔúg]ÆjZáÐÌÔZDwæ‡IŒÛZgŠc*ìXeZËgZ`·ŠgÍh‰áZiygzbÆyzŠZøzgäÌLL‘Õä O)ZDwÔZïzgXZzgZyÅÃ@*„Vóó~úg]ÆjZáÐZDw6,ŠZ#ÖI~Å$œÅìXutìāxV·Ñp‰„CÙ!*ÚÛy™8ïELDäLLeZË0ÅÂ[6,WóóÆK~–ìLLt9ìāúg]Æ!*g}~ZDw»Z0+Z„ËuJ-ŠZ#ÖIZ:ìZzgt„ZyÅ„»Z•ð$zgUìXZ,VäGZkZ6,¾§Ôg7HXúgÂVÆ!*g}~ZDwÃ'¸F,ŠŠg;āZ¹f!§ii0+ÏÅ',ZÇVÐXc*Yñ�
02 M×M×ZyÅi0+Ï~Óf™g„‰Xóó2222
ZDwZsxÅ{'.3ïG
GOG6,¢gnp÷XSy‰ŠIzVÅè#Ö™D÷�ZsòÑ<6,»gÈ7÷XLLZiuz›@ÛzV%zóó'ZzgZsxÆãCŠ~0*õZg»yÅS™D÷XZsxÃZq-MMZzgVà%äÅwÐ
614
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
‡ìgeT÷XZyÆ4,Šq-Vàúg]»${ðG
OgZÎÒGwñìX].h+¢zgÂVÅL Æ�ŒÛMyÐZāZs7™DZzgÂÄÜÄÆqò÷Xtìz{eg
�ZDwÊZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡IU*"$™äÆaZDwÆÜs¬Z+ňXZkÐz{2¤ZDw‡]qÝ™Mh÷�¡¾æ E
LZDwûgŒÛZgŠ¶6,^÷Zzgz{›yŠZ#Ö6,„Ì�¡¾æ
ELZDw×zµÅÃЊÙ÷Zzg
ZDw6,)ZsògD**]»Z²Zx¬Z+™D÷X)ŠZ#Ö6,2VÆZ‹ZŸ]ƒQ~i%æGLcMñ÷X(
¦‡IÔF,¹IÅ¡ìXtŠzâVZ˜²Z·ZYVÅ÷Xz{ƒ@*ì�Z·ZÅèo6,F,¹»qòƒX�ZkÆ (Progressive) LLF,¹Ióó
Z·ZYVÅtZ˜²ZDwÆ 12 ìX (reactionary) ',@ƒz{LL¦‡IóóZzgLL‰h+Ióóc* (conservative) K~"»g÷X¸qwLLŠZ#ÖIóó
»ìXeZËYzh+ZDwɉZDwÙkZDwÃLL_wóó (modern) LL].h+óó²\.-ôGÆZk!í�ÃÌßI97āZDw_wZix6, 22 U*"$™D÷X
úMzgƒD÷XŠgZÝtZ˜b³|xÅqï7ìX_wZix»�|x\.-ôGÆf‚~ì)ZÞ,œ~ÆZzZyÐ85ë EE
YLxZÍwJ-Zày
(ZkÅgzÐZDwÃîg6, 32 Æ1gjzZá‰6ÅZŠZgZzgZk6Æ£œLL_wóóIŠg„7XLL_wóóÐ%ZŠLL:æOe$I~óóBÂZsxZzgZDwŠzâV_w÷XLLMiZŠìàóó%ZŠBÂZDwZkÆqòÌ÷Zzg#³ÌXZDwä›y
ZDwÃLLgZtZ·{óó 42 _wŠZ›gzVÅ×e$ÅìpZ¹ŠZgÌHìX7¸ZzgZsxÃeZá7 (dogmatic) ¹YYìpz{LLZŠ¬ðóó (orthodox)
ŠzâVZ˜² (fundamentalist) â…¸XZDwÆaLL_wóóZzgLLãCŠ6,„óóZEwƒð÷Ô}ñZN:}#Ö:Xp|tìāLLŠZ#ÖIóó'
LL¦‡Ióó'LLâegyóó'LL_wóó'LLãCŠ6,„óóz){ÃðZq-Z˜b
714
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
ËZDw»Zq©7™CXtƒf!Z˜²÷ZzgºmsV2£œÆazäň÷XLLàZsxZixóóÅZ˜bÐZkÅzŸs#ƒ$ËìXZk
Z˜b»|xZ3ÿXLf[Æ4,Šq-èñxZzg¡÷**uìXZDwZsòZ�ŠÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷pZyºmsV~7XZϧbLLãCŠ6,„óóÅZ˜bìXZsxÆjZáÐf[~tZ˜bÌèñxZzg6,¡÷ìXZysV~ZDwLLãCŠ6,„óó7÷Xf[zZáLL(ÏZsxóóÆ#³÷
ZzgZÐãCŠ6,4ŒÛZgŠï÷XZDwÆ4,Šq-ZsxÑi˜Zq-(ÏÂxg‚rìZzgz{ZsòZ�ŠÅ§bZkÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷Ô@*늙+Æh~7¸XZDwXsV~].h+÷ZysV~ZsxÃÌ].h+${ð
GOg™D÷XZyÆ
4,Šq-ZsxâèÔqwZzgw6,qz~ìXZDwZsxÆ].h+F,)yz¬\.-ôGä¼®)ÔÑÔ¤®)Zzgœ‘Ê*²ñZµÙÏÔÃu 52 ÷XUZzgZLßÍVÐ_.!*]è›ÅZ2Zg~Ã].h+ZsxCc*ìZzgZsxÅZk
²¼®)ÔÑÔ¤®)Ô 62 5úÆK~ZDwÃyZ•d7HìXœ‘ÔÃuUZzgZsòZpé]XS:]Z-ZsxÅx]÷XZDw
ZyƒÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷X›y’<å XLô/ñ„~Ñtz¾[~’‰¸XZsòçÑ{A$Yæ7åX§ŠZzgIZîY�ŠZg~Ô0*0*áZzggGã${ð
GOs»
³ìXZDwäZyÐVÅ6,izg#¿ÅìXñZµÐ\.-ôGÅ%ZŠ¾ðÆñZµ÷X].h+f[ÅÔÁigZzg‘4øGILŠzZx6,ìXZsx2ZDwgi¾'w
›çÑ{ (dynamic) ÅK-zŠzÅj,Z‚ÛZð™D÷ZzgÃuz]M�Û,ŠzÅïGLŠ*Ð7g~§b¾{zgåX@*ëZkÅÃF,¹Ðic*Š{»x!6,¶X›yçÑ}F,¹c*].h+»g~ZzgñZµÅˆlÃÃZ0+Zi7™MhX¬@Úø~ZyÅZÌ(,|ì@*ëZDwÆ4,Šq-›âVÅÇ»x!»gZiZL·Z7Л6,ìX¸›4z¿»øuk�ìTЊzÅïGLŠ*Ì
814
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
q݃Cì@*ëŠzªÅwU*â~ì:%›Šgz÷»uâtìMiZŠ~z%v
72 ìËZzgÅ{§t»ƒigz®!\.-ôGÅÃ7g}¯ÄZDw6,7ìXZkätÄ:;Vtsì0',
’<å XL@gLƒV~&Z3ÿXLÀÐ%æFNZãŠZ*VHƒV~X!*&ëEYLŠgZÐ7É!*8-ŠgZ~ZkеŠzZÃgZzg 82 †ZvZâgáÅÂ[ÐÜHìX
Ì÷q&4øFGILÃgÇ%ZDwÆ!*g}~áZiygZñ‡ì7ÅY$ËX
z{ZÃg8iïELfs÷:c*›’<å XLgC÷~{uÃZÔì÷Zâè÷}ZLwÅ‚ì‚tg‚rƒVSkŠz§¶KoZ‚ÛZÃ~Š8ƒVŠzlÆMNW~�ÛŠZÃ~
ZDwâèÆMNW~wÊÙ÷ZzgZyÅÃâèÔqwZzgwÐV6,ìXZDw»tÄ{™czsz�gì:
iâ:Zq-Ô§]Zq-Ô»Ñ]ÌZq-92 ŠÅ5ÿGLÁÃ~¢~î GO0L].h+zŠ*
à:ÉZDwÊZ#Ö6,„c*âè6,„ìzZáZÏÁÃ~»Dgƒñ÷X
3333ZDw$ā.ç
GEGOzm]Zzg].h+zŠ*ÆK~áZiy$©�î EG
0Ãgnp÷X].h+ÅMh~ZDwÃf"3ïEGOGÆ£g6,6,´Šg„gÍt7ìXf!�d$Æ�ÁÜZsò�d$ÅŠ+÷ZDwZyÆqò÷XZy~w•z$ā.ç
GEGO»K÷áï
ìpâœ{6,4ÆË~�Ãc*]ZzgÂâ]f[~PˆŠv}!3�ç EEL¬x
914
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
6,MDgìÔZDwZ¹âx™D÷XZDwÆ4,Šq-w•z$ā.çGE
GO)Z¿Š(ÆZßwÃÃZ0+Zi™Æ›y¦/¸0*õiœ-VЧŠ»Dg÷Zzgf[äm]zŠzZx)zk(ÆZßwÃF,u™Dƒñ-$6Ãc*]zÂâ]Z(gK�ZkÅ**»ò»:L¶X§ŠÅOñw•ÆaŒÛMyÅ@*G»f™™ÆZDw
˜÷āLLZ%…7ÈÜecÂtāi0+Ï¡$ā.ç GEGO„7ÔZk~¡zm]»
Zq-KÌñ�Šì'i0+Ïaèâè»1úQVñMÐ(,fìZka…ec)®)~$ā.ç
GEGOzpw»�uëä‡ìHìZk~ŠZ#ÖIZ:ÂVÅ
Šgz7Zzgzª`�ÛZñl:™,Xx‹ŒÛMãŸz{YöìT»03 Òpgnpƒñ].h+ÒÃZLZŠZgZ]»Y,{¢8ƒÇXóó
‚bÅ�ÛZ뙊{F,ª]zœ1]Њ*nzââkƒg„ìX‚bäf[Ã]Š~ìXDz®Æ™Ø].h+f!�d$»ŠgìVU÷Xu±äDz®ÆZyq&]Æ‚Bf!�d$Ãù¦‡&ÿELÇ
13 ŒXgáLO¿~N*U$ÆwsZzg0*ãÆ0*U$ÐÌÜZg~ªCÙňXƒZÍw~ZDw6,Š'.3ð GGVZzg].h+-VÆZ‹ZŸ]Æ‚B�·Z™ZxÅtgZñÌŠg`ňìāLLZ¤/Š*ÃÃZ0+ZiHYñÂâè»gTÐòèZi{ÈkìI^Yñ'ZϧbZ¤/].h+Ð"µ',CYñÂw
�·Z™Zx»t‹tÌŠg„ìā 23 ÅF,¹Zzg›zú»gZ3ȃYñXóóLLZDwøg}P!*ZW,),gÍVŧbŠZ#Ö6,„7Xz{f[ÅÃgZ:Ç»#³ìÔpZhq,Z~.™ä~ÃðÚ7&ÉqÑ‹iâ:Æ
».$zs\.-ôGÅtgZñÑ$þJLÂzìāLLZDw 33 _.ZТzg~&ìXóó
ä-g8i0+ÏƉUîV~¹¼‡&ÿELŠgŠ¬pz{»ï%:L:043 $˶Xz{ZâZh7¶āZDwZУg¯feXóó
Ã(modernization) Ð].h+Åcz~ (westernization) Z¤/cz)f[
024
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Zµ™ÆŠ¬YñÂZDwÅw³™ä~æŠï$ËìXøgZçÑ{÷á{zàZvZzg‘Õä O)ZDwÅgZ{ú„Æ!*z�ŠZÌJ-Z�ÛZozy»DgìXZq-
!í� §sYæ5á2�Û‘6,4»izgìZzgŠzu~§stŠú}÷āZDw»tZˆµ²~»1ìā‚³Exŧsg�q™**›âVÆaZKZÝŧsßRìX6,zW°æOZg@˜÷āë&f!�d$ë÷tnZq-
(World View) ¬@�d$ìXëpŠÌf!�d$»z÷XZk»»ÑCÃtZzgi0+ÏÅŠgzVÆ0Zk»$©�î EG
0ÂbZzg(ßYÐZµ7HYYXt!*]7ƒ$Ëā‚bÃÂáßZzgZLè<ØÅgzZe$ZzgZŠZgÃÌ�V»ÂV
ZDwÆ4,Šq-‚³ExÉ 53 ',ŒÛZggÅXZyŠz!*ÂV»é7ƒYXf!�d$ÆÓx÷{ZßßV»u*Zsxì®ZZsxZzg‚³ExÅè],]»ÎZw"pìXZDwÆZÖp÷:
LL~Šú}Æ‚BÈYƒVāZsxf!�d$ÆÓx÷{ZßßV»u*ì'-g\~‚b»le›âV„Å-Eg-VЃZå'Ë-gà»tIāZsxZzgExŠ7ƒMhÔuZu**zZ/6,FFìZzg=ÀìāEÄZsxZzg@*gõèZsxñ�ŠƒäÆ!*z�ŠÃð¿YðÈYìāExZzg
63 ZsxZq-(¦7ƒMhXóóZDwÆ!í�Å@*GzÂ}L')å GOèy²[óZzgeZËøƒà!*yZzg
LL$h½5ÿGI
GLZK+Móó!{3ªî EOEgZ',^',d«ÐƒCìX',d«äZk|Ã!*g!*gÒyHìā-g\Æa‚b›âVÅŠ+¶Zzgtā›y:ƒDÂ-g8�d$z�Š„~:MCXLL$h½5ÿ
GIGLZK+Móó»!*[>ZyLLšMèZ)óó
6,zW°æOZg@ÅÃЦ/gZƒ@*Âz{Z(ѪŠúò™äÐ$YDXMwZ£uzgä].h+ÃZCäÆaLL].h+»g~óóZzgcz)f[Æ
124
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
aLLf[»g~óóÅZ˜²ZEwÅ÷XZDwÆi%æGLZW,Zy»t!í�ìā].h+»g~Æ¿ÆŠzgZyf[»g~ƵZW,Z]ÐXYYìXLLF,¹óóÐaZƒäzZá)bÆÚø~˜÷:
LL].h+»g~Ãaèf[ÆgZ56,½»ŠzuZ**xây1ŠHìZkaf[ÆZy)bÐZ[ætÌŠzegìX[Zzg‚³$©�î EG
0Ã~Zâ¥ú-$Mˆìāz{ZLuzŠÃ>´ìXâŠ~p¥àZzg™gsÆ�ä$+yÃËZgZzggzbÃpZË{™Šc*ìXZKyÅá6,Ó#Ö7ìXáqÁƒˆìX/g~ZŠZg}/gÅMzZi7gìÔÓ#Öc*uâñÆ;ðV~[**0‰÷X�ÛŠÅMiZŠ~ÅáZâ(,|ìāz{CÙ�Y
ZzgZܹ0*È~ÐMiZŠƒ**eLìX¤‰ÜÅ6,-ä"g·ZzgJŠàaZÅìXúg]Å"ÎxMiZŠ~äZÐc.çIGL"'g¯Šc*ì'½ä'g]6,izgŠc*ìX§]‚i~6,Âz7ÅXZkäDŠc*ù]7Š~X{Šc*Ã7aZÅ'].h+e$ÐÂG7p].h+»g~Æ¿Ãf[Æ$©ø
EGILŠx6,
83 MçșƽÐgz»YYìXóóZDwÆZkìwÐZ%s™**Âìā:MŠxÃm]ÅÔì&
ZDwZsòŠ2§§]ƆZzg¬÷ZzgZÝ 83 Š2§§]ÅÔìXZsx»ZÏsZ¹ÇizZwÅŠZ#ÖÐzZh7™@*É$™-.ç
GGL⻶Ky¯@*ì
T»mM`ZzgMäzZáÀÐìXZDwúg]ÉçÑ}Ɔ”{£tÆac$+„÷Xz{Y�ŠZg~ÆOñ:æOe$Ô)zZ]ZzgZpé]Æqò÷XZDwIä–ìāLLZDwä›f‚ÆY�ŠZgZ:ŠzgÐ].h+ŠzgJ-gÅgëgÃ!HX÷á²Zzg\ÞŠzâVQVÐXz{ÀZzgM`Æ
224
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ŠgxyU6,>Þ¯@*ìZzgZkU6,>Þ¾qwàCå@*āÀz�Š~MnÔ¸ZkZDwZsxÅ{'.3ï
GGG6,¢gnp 93 Æ»g**ó»Üāì�¹(,ZìXóó
÷p}Å{'.3ïG
GG6,¢7gnpZzgZ¿Š6,izgŠï÷XZy»!í�ì:LLaèiâ:$+w[ìZzgŠ*ñZsxZy55ÂVÐOW,ZzgŠzegƒg„ì�¡¾æ E
LZKãÅCÙ‚~)©à›zúÆ!*)’g„÷ù¹YYìāèZ<Øè}Å{'.3ï
GGG6,ZÜZg™D
gxecXHZ'*î J0èZ<ØäLÌtŠúòHåāZyÆ
04 Z+ÑwZzgZ]w½My÷?óóúg]ÆK~ZDwZy£t6,izgŠï÷�Zsxä-g\Ьúg]ÊbpMiZŠ~Æ**x6,úg]Å"gZ{gz~Å#¿ÅXZDw¸òy~úg]Æi',Š„™ŠZgƇb÷ZzgZÐ',zñ»gÑ**eT÷
pf[ÅÇÆ!*)úg]»ZEwZk™ŠZgÆo°ìXZDwDz®Å×e$Zzg²c*ãÅ#¿™D÷XLLYzh+**)óó~ÅLÃ7}ÐZµ™Dƒñë÷ā'$¨Ò5å
GGGLf[Æ!*)ætäpŠÃÅŠc*ìXætÃ
ecāf[ÃWÅÃЊAXf[Å]TBzg!*[ÅzzÐ7Zzg:Zk»:LŠºZÈ"s[»g³ìXúgÂVÅkHCVÔ!*ßVÅÉðZzgÑŠ´ÅOñf[Åé]»gZiDz®~ìXZÏlZrÐZkÅMvgz×ìXDz®Æagec:āf!]kXó{ec:ātI8c*z{I8XDz®Æ
OçZDw].h+»g~Æ#³7X 14 Zzg¡¾æE
LizŠgkÅ¢zg]ìX !Î a…3üELDzÕ~Lë-g\ÆQ*Š¸M`f[Å÷á¤/Š~¢zg~ìpZDwf[»g~ÆÜs÷ZzgfšMÆZyUîVÃi%æGLWÑD÷�ZsxZzg¡]ŠzâVÆÜs÷XF,¹t7ìāÃÓV"6,Š{ƒ™g³™,ZzgúgÂVÅH1VÉN*4Zz6,J-kÅYNZzgZkK~uŠ~Å»ÃÌ
324
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
ÃZ0+Zi™Šc*YñXgZ¶Ãñ\êLuâ~',¤â~pZ&Å7g~N*4kŠN™Zy24 Åøzòz¤ò»Z0+Zi{ƒZX
4444úg]ÆÚø~:Üs#|VäÉŠgŠZâVäÌZDwÃ
LLŠZ#Ö6,„óóIZc*ìX³m,Z£g¶§Zi÷:LLMiZŠ)²ZVÆZ~ZDw(,~”]ЊZ#Ö6,4ZzggzZe$6,46,‡ì÷'X²ZV~ZyÅgZñÅŠZ#Ö(,f„ˆ'%ŠZzgúg]Æ!*bm~ZDwòäúg]Ã!*Ç%ŠÆg3z™x6,ghŠc*ìXZy»Itìā%Š»�CÙÂpŠlŠÈVƒY@*ìpúg]Æ�CÙÅ%Š)Æ;B~
'(~˜VZDwò ¤&ö0²ZV ì'ZzgMy~Ä)~ÌäX²ZV6,cÅìz;VZK“c*ZK¡»Z‹ZsÌ
34 ™1ìXóó³m,Z£¾qwLLF,¹Ióó'÷peZËZŒgZ£œjä�
LL²z•ZDwóóÆ!*)0ZDwÙk÷XtoƒZzg¢zg~ìwHìā6,zW·Zâg™ŠtÆ*y>ZyLL¡¾æ
ELZDw~úg]»£xóóÅ3LL�Ûz¼ZDwóó
~÷áï™,XZk3»Z!xZyÓV6,ƒZì'LL¿tāZDwLL¤&ö0²ZVóóЦuƒäÆ!*z�ŠZkZÃi™ä~»x[7ƒnÔT»',5
ЃV¦u¹&7e1Zk ¤&ö0²ZV Z‹Zsz{-V™D÷:~Ì6,zW·Zâg™ŠtÆZÝ*yÅ@*yZk¿6,IKì 44 -ÒÂÅíŠXóó
āLL¡¾æE
LZDw»%œ/z"g¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~ìT~…úg]»z�Š}Š3ð7
ZzgZDw6,™zZá 64 ZkÐI¸Z‹ZnuŠZgQ~äÌHåX 54 ŠêXóó74 FŠzu}™xyäÌHìX
424
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
aè»^zs\.-ôGÔZÝZ}Mg±ïY
EÔ³m,Z£ÔZuŠZgQ~ÔgZ`·ŠgÍhÔ·Zâg™ŠtZzgŠzuzVäZDwÅ¿ÄLLúg]óóÆjZáÐZDwÃ�§{m@½Z‹Zn¯c*ìÔZka»gjZáÆîg6,ZÐfs~Šg`HY@*ì:
�8çXL%ŠÈVƒ@*ì"!3ïEOGL))Æ;B~ì�8çXLúg]Å%ŠgZiìZkÆ"ìGFL§»¸&½0î EG0ØtMl¯‹ðÐìZk»z�Š!TYD÷ZÏMvÐZuZgè§]¤/xZÏMvÐìc¶î01ŠztŠ!~̤&ö0²ZVЃV¦u¹
74 7e1Zk-ÒÂÅíŠ!92¤Ä»|x™70*ñXZkÄ»múg]ÆZk�CÙÐ
ì�ZÐ}.Zƈ4+{Û»£x«™@*ìp"!3ïEGL)Zk�CÙÅ%ŠGQ~Æ4,Šq-ZDwÅLLi0+{|óótìāúg]%ŠÅ 94 e7X
Š„ôgìÔ%ŠZk»õƒgìÔúg]aaZ™}Zzg%ŠLLpŠ~óóÆ)bi!¿»tZ#s**gzZìZzg2n»9&CÿLÃìXúg]Ã 05 H™}Xóó
”VÅaZö6,Šg]äâñgHì:āZDwäZzg%ŠÃúg]»õƒÌ}.Zä¯c*ì:āZDwäZzgõص¿ì:ātX2aÆz�Š~ZKãÑāƒCìXúg]_.!îE0ðЬg~ƒCÂc¶î01ŠztŠ¤/x:ƒYp!¿~¤ò»Zq-UìT»Ãði7ìX’)ÿLaZöÎZz‡]
ÈMh÷āZk»iu~Æfg)a 15 ¹ic*Š{1»!*)áCìXÃâVÆùÐïÜìXŠg„Ô1ââ{aÃù~úg]„gBbìZzgM6,cÌZÏÆù»ƒ@*ìX2¤»tIāZDwLL¤&ö0²ZVóó»i
524
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
ˆl™ä~**»xgì**ªÅ!*]ìXf!Zzgæ¹2¤CNāúg]ÅZk¤ò»iHì?˜VJ-LL�8çXL%ŠÈVƒ@*ì"5)óó»mìÔtwŠzu}ÚøZ]~Šg„7ìXt!*]*.çEILZDwÅæŠÐªY$˶
pËäZkÅiØ7ÅXZDwä',5¹ì:LLÃðZ(¿:ƒÇ�ZKâVÅF,šMÆZW,Z]ZKË~:0*@*ƒc*“VÅ›ZkÆŠw6,ZC¶Ky:ghCƒXz{pl
‚ØCÙÔXÃ(çc*Vç÷Ôp[Y…÷āúg]Å25 fZ]%ŠÅi0+ÏÆZg»~¾uJ-ZkÅ@zçzyìXóó
»™s¦J|xtìā%ŠúgÂV ]Ö³†ôùqø³^ÙöÎøçù]ÚöçûáøÂø×øo]ÖßôùŠø«ðô
Æõƒ÷XZ1ZÑdñŠzŠ~ä–ìāLL¸Zxc*¢-êG
GOZk¿Ãë÷�Ë�ÛŠc*ZŠZg}c*ÂxÊg„qª~`äZzgZkÅ™«zã™äZzgZkÅ
±ïY
E»tIāZDwäLZ°YwZñyZ 35 ¢zgc*]½™ä»f)ŠZgƒXóóZûYóÐ07ÙÅìÔªCÙ™@*ìā±ï
YLEÆ4,Šq-tNŒÛZyZzgZDw»$zgUìXt!*]7ìXZDwäZk6,Á™cÅìXZkMe$~Zvä%ŠÅ¤»f™ÌHìZ¤/pZ1ZÑdñŠzŠ~äÌqà:ãCŠ6,„
%ŠÅz{S:]Zzg 45 ë÷XZk¤ÃLL¯EóóÆsV~71X¸'�ZkZ¤»!*)÷KÆaÜsZkb6,g»°ìāZ%MÅ@*gõ~Xúg'oÅu',Z„Zzg`Åš6,Ã,ƒð÷XZÏMe$~Zhúg]ÅZ¤®)Ãg~»f™ìXZkZ¤®)Ãg~~ç5]ÅŠg\oZzg{0+Zãzu]»gZiāìXtNZk§bŒYYìā',¤â~¯`~CÙYÆaÑiòìāZLZf»¬âä@*ā‚zćìgìZzgZ@Zsq݃ÃXZkÆ%Z_Og»gZ3gz)e7X',¤â~¯YZLZf»9c*ßCÙ¬â}ì²Zsx~ç~{z0+»Üsz{¬â+Å�ì�}.ZƬÆ
624
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
o°:ƒX@*ë',¤â~¯`~tÄz‚)zZ]Æo°7XZϧb–wZDwtMe$%ŠziyÅ)zZ]Æo°7ìXZDw»Zsò$©�î EG
0ÃZyÆ8iïELfsÒyÐzZãì:
X²!õzg}ÆgzÐZk ZZ]Ö†ôùqø^ÙöÎøçù]ÚöçûáøÂø×øo]ÖßôùŠø«ðôXX
Åt‚9¥x7ƒCā%ŠÃúg]6,¯EqÝìX²!¤/Z%ÅgzЇì»,d6,MñÂpõØƃYD÷'úg]Æúg]Zzg%ŠÆ¨%ŠÔ‰{m´u{´u{�ÛZø÷XZy�ÛZø~Z%sìÔ1ZkÐt³7À_āúg]ZŠÌìZzg%ŠZdX�ÛZø»Z%sŠzu}
z�{6,FFìXÈtìā˜VJ-)zZ]»mìZsxÆZ0+g%Šziy~Ãð�Ût7'Z¤/M\Zy£t6,ÃeZB�ZsxäúgÂVÊb÷ÂM\6,zZãƒYñÇāZkè<Øäúg]Ã˧b%ŠÐZŠÌŠgz6,7g3'ƒÐZÍw
Zsx„äZkZ%»Z´yHāúg]ZK´u{YGZŠ»hgBbì'¸„5781YJ-Zày~úg]YGZŠÅâ´:¶X
ZkÅYGZŠïbÆz‰Ü{z0+ÅYGZŠ~_.[ƒYC¶'ÀÅ!*]ìāZzÑŠÅzÑe$»hZôm,âVÃSkz‰ÜÌ7XZsx~thåÐñ�ŠìXZyÓxZñg~-gà¸~c*ÂZsx»&43ü
GGEO™g„÷c*pŠ¡]äZ[Z¹Zk§sÂzŠÑŠ~ìX=¢ìā-g\äÌzrü
EL‡âyÆ
55 çA~Zsxй¼5ìXóóZ‹ZŸ] à:äZDwÅzÃ]ÆÔúg]ÆK~ÔZy6,�
KZy»�Z[z{ZKi0+Ï~Š}`¸XƒÐic*Š{Z‹Ÿ]LLõØóó
724
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
ÆK~÷&LL{óó'LLõòóóZzgZ4‰Šzu}ZÖpЪCÙHŠHìX]Ö³†ôùqø³^ÙöÎø³çù]ÚöçûáøÂø×øo à:ÅtpZéÃMCìāZDwic*Š{7ÂÁZiÁ
„ÐZ%s™DZzgZÐ**³IZŠïXpZv»¸w**³ùƒY ]ÖßôùŠø«ðô
ì?t!í�¡eZá7É].h+f[ÆÚø~ÔzZŠÎú1úÐÌ»x1YñÂÔZkÅœZ‰ÜzZãƒYCìXZk6,ÃeZ%ЬtzŸs#¢zg~ìāZsxúg]Ã"§ðÐvÅS™@*ìXn}»6,Š{¢zg~
65 ìc*7Zk6,Z%sìXZDwZk6,Š}Ææzoîg6,qò÷X›yçÑ}~úg]Ð�**Z»°gzZg¿YCìZDwZÐܽZsx
@*ëúgÂVÃZsòx]6, 75 B÷ZzgúgÂVÆhÆa±D÷X»gÈg�ÅS™D÷Zzg!540î EGOELLMiZŠ~óóÆ�Ûd$~2ƒäÐgzÈ
|tìā2¤pZ{z{Z·ZŃVc*yzÔà:ƒVc*fšM 85 ÷XÆqò›yŠZ›g;ZsxZzgZDwÆTUÃz{ƒÐic*Š{$zgB÷
z„].h+f[»ƒÐ$zgUìXf[ÅÑŠ´äúg]Ã%ŠÅõØÐMiZŠHÂZk"ÎxMiZŠ~
äLL²c*ãÔJÙZzgÒ"gZ{gz~ÆÈÅwŠbTäf[~{0+Zã©Z¯Z` 95 zu]Å8ðFNBhŠ,ZzgZkÐZ0+zxu)baZƒñX
06 ~5ixpZ&Åt¬xDe$ìāZ¹ÒZ±gÐCÙZ‚VHY@*ìXÆaŠð, (A Nation of Victims) ÅÂ[ (Charles J Sykes) egÖZ‚"5½ø
JGL
ìXz{qìā–w (The Sexual Nightmare) !*[»ÄZyLLÒ˜7-pZ[óó˜VÒ 16 =wD+ÛzF,IìXóó (rape) LLEizq-óóZ%M~“|.ï LGšg~
MiZŠ~ƒZzgpZ&ÃgŸq™ÆÒm‡ì™ä»LLZKãóó'-.ç EEE!³ZãgZ3îƒz;VZ¹i',Š4f?™**ª]**uìXèÃg{'äèÃg{!*[
‡ìHìTŬ] (The rape culture) ZµÄZyLL')å GOÈi**!*róó ~Zq-
824
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
45°œúg'QVg{ (Diana Russel) ‡]Z0÷Xz{qìā–wec*:gË»DgƒYC÷XZ%MÆZq-òZŠZg} (rape) ‚wÅ/ЬҊg0+Ï
Æ%"ìGOE™Š{ËÆ_.0991Y~!*ÚúgÂVÆ (National Victim Center)
›yúg]ų]» 26 ‚Bi**!*rÅzZgŠZÂVÅ®ZŠiÑÄF,ZÏDÙZg¶XõƒZk»!*\¸ðØCÙZzggCì²f!úg]ZkõØÐøzxƒ™fªÐŠzegìXZkfª»Z0+Zi{8iïELfs¿Ð&óE‚ãHYYì:
"Rape is seen as expression of Western civilization's
fear and hostility toward woman a product of phallo-
centric political, economic, and social forces that
demand the submission and humiliation of woman."63
Zsx~i**ÅgzuåxÆaJ¸Z2÷X›yúg]Ã%Š�õØ�ÛZë™@*ìZkÅ|ÌKÅ¢zg]ìX›yçÑ}~úg]»õƒ!*\Zzg¸ðƒ@*ìX÷áŠ~ƈZÐ{z0+Zzgˆ~dWÅõØÌq݃YCìXt!*]ŒVCÙÃðY}ìā!*\ÃeÔ¸ðÃÇÔ{z0+Ãç~ZzgdWÃâVų]zÓZKYyÐic*Š{³m,ƒCìXZDw»
Âz»�ìXÑŠ´Æi%æGLZW,f[ 46 tq:²Z+Mèiy»˜Vì�%ŠXäúg]Ã)ôpZzg"–gZ™Šc*ìXz;VZ[²Z"3ïEGGLiy»˜V:!*\
!*\™@*ìXÇà (rape) ì:¸ð:{z0+:gCXÉqwtìāeÃ"M',z¶KUƒk¸ð¯@*ìZzgâVÆ‚BŠ„ŠgZi~Zk»gC™@*ìXZkK~tçÂìā“tzZgŠZ'!*bgŸq~ЃC÷Ô“ÑZ[âÙÆË~ƒC÷Zzg“i',Š4ÅYC÷XªCÙìāXyZâV~è<Ø»ZW,!*¹ìz{Zk"ƒŠÏГƒVÐpÒZ±gÐMiZŠçÑ}ÅzŒV~úg]ZLøx%ŠzVÅõØÐøzxƒìXZkÚø~Zy2¤ÃZL¤/ââV~Ä7-™Š9ec�ZDwÃLLŠZ#ÖI~óó»
924
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
ñg›Z²ZxIZD÷X5555
ÌIZc*ìZzg (progressive ) ».$zs\.-ôGäZDwÃLLF,¹IóóÌ'LLŠZ#ÖIóóZzgLL¦‡Ióó»�ÛtCD (reactionay) LL¦‡Ióó
ƒñz{qì:"The conservative aims at preserving the past, the
reactionary at reconstructing it."65
%æEOLR~LL¦‡Ióó»ÂZ·ZÅ|Z]�gÇàZEw™Dgì÷ÔT§bZyÆaLLaç N/óó»Â�gÇàZEwƒZìXZyZ˜jVÃ
%æGMu™äÅ¢zg]ìXZk~—7āZDwZÝZsxŧsŠú]Šï÷z{ZsxT6,CKÔ0*0*áZzg§Š~${ð
GOsÅY\:ƒÔ@*ëLL¦‡óó
Z·ZÅÉ|ð 66 ÆÂÐZ¹:æFLH7ì:LL¦8š/õ EGÎñ²[ò!*h+]XóózgyzÌZsxÃLL�ÛΊ{óóZkaë÷āz{ŒÛMyÃZv»¯x7â…X Zâ…›yƒDXZ¹ZDwÅZsxZzgZ!ïGL0ÐzZÕI7XZDwZsò¶Kè0LU*6Å!*]™D÷Âz{LLZ˜jVóóƾ`D÷X%æEOLRÆ›âVäZµ›gc*„Å!*]ÅÂ�ZCÙÑw1zäZÐLL¦‡I~óó
²t7Šò¶XZ·ZYVÅZkºmZ˜bÃÃZ0+Zi™Šb4 76 ¹XìX0øhZzgZ·ZYVÆa£x‡]tìā‰Z·ZYVä',5c*
ZzgZDwÃZ·ZÅŠ3ä6,iz§wç Ms™** 86 !*ŠÁ**pZ3ZKt»Z‹ZsHXÑzq™Šc*XßÒEVÆZk6e»Y,{LLHZDwZ·ZÅ÷?óóÆi%æGLÄZy1ŠHìX
ZDwÅi0+Ï„~ZyÅZsxZzgQ!ï OGL0ÐzZÕ6,Z‹ZŸ]»ŸÑzqƒŠHåXtZ‹ZŸ]yzÔZ·ZÅZzgà:X™gì¸X,ƒZÍw~Òyƒ_ìXp}.Z»]ìāZDwËÆYw~7
034
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
öXZDw‰%›¢Ãik,ŠZxÑäÅ)¦Ã**»x„ƒ**åXZDwä›y].h+-VÃÌ›ë»ZŠgZu«H:
ÑŠ´zÑH!¾@~Q{$ðGN
ŠZgzìÂV»ÆäM‘éEMÅïLEMZÆ䇗ð NQ:›çãÃ-g\Ðìây~
96 ŠHìcÔp"**†ÓxMƒ!ZDwZsxÆ].h+¬÷ZzgZyÆ4,Šq-ZuZgèÂ[»ZÏsw
ŠzâV6, ~ÌYg~gìÇXz{iâäÊ*z].h+~„7™DZzgÑtz¾[Ãgnp÷ZzgŠzâVÅ‘ÃH™**eT÷Xz{gZtZ·{ZzgŠZ#ÖIÌ
(Gabriel's Wing) ÷Zzg_w2].h+e$IÌXeZËZ+%~\)ÿI
äZKÂ[~ZL_¬»qÝøDfsZÖp~7Hì:
"......in short, his work and personality contained all
the divergent elements of conservatism and liberalism,
of prophetical and mystical religious experience, of
orthodoxy and heterodoxy."70
ŠZ#ÖI~Æ‚BzWZ‹~ZzggZtZ·ÏÆ‚BMiZŠìàÆÚø~t!*]c*ŠgDbecā‘Õä O)ZDw»z].Zy{âV~JƒZ7ìZzgãCŠ~îg6,ZsòìX${ð
GOsÌZyÆ4,Šq-z„xì�Ågté]Ð
nƒZƒX».$zs\.-ôGätŠúòÌHìāZDwäZq-6ZܹZk 17 eJ‘Å÷{Zzg÷~ãCŠ,Z2ZgX�gzZîZsxЬZ÷X
ätÌ–ìāæÜ~9åÆŠzgÐÜ¢ïEGLgZ”{ÆZ!xJ-Zsx\.-ôGŧŠÒãÐsÃÔZDw 27 {ØÔZ·ZÅâλZzg‚Š{Cc*ŠHìX
ZÏZsxÃ7™D÷�ŒÛMyZzgZÎÒgÎwå6,FFìZzgT»4+ZÖg9åÆŠzgÐÜ¢ïEGLgZ”{ÆZ!xJ-ƒZX
134
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
ZDwägzZîZsxÆXUƒVÐZ%sHìz{ÇÔ§ŠÔgÎx6,4ZzgŠZ#Ö6,42!hÓÀö]åIO]I~»1÷X)ZyÅ,${ð
GO§Z¿Š
ÆK~Òyƒðì�ƒQ~÷áïìX(
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
Z¤®)DZuZ§pŠ~XÄ»F,Àì:ñMMÅDe$:™Zzguz›!{‹§õEåÐ!*CÙ 1X:YXZuZgzgñiÔ™341ÔÄ»F,Àì:ZsxÆgZ56,^āZÏ~9.š3ï EGOGìXÇ 2X»|xr3û E
EL$Òï OGìX›D!*8-èŠgZ 3X
',]841@*051 Modern Islam in India Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 4X'™96 Islam in Modern History 5X
ZuZgzgñiÔ™871Ô\.-ôGZzg±ïY
EäZyZÃg»Zôm,~F,ÀŠg`HìXQgŠz 6XF,ÀøDfsì:
tzgŸÅk»qÝZzgâîVÆaZÎÒ»n÷Xâg~ZzgM¢ƒ LLÃÒñM\Æ�ÛâΊZg¸XM\äZKgŸÃØCÙÅgŸ~Ë™Šc*åXM\äñzgŸÅZŠ[Ç{~6,zgl0*ð¶X;B_¸ZzgbV6,ŒÛMyňz]ƒCXóó
'™301 Modern Trends in Islam 7X',]851Ô951 Islam 8X
LL¡Òiªî EE0÷á�óó'˜!LL$¨å EGLZDw§‹ZDw~óó'%"0î GOEeZËd�ÛZ¹Ô 9X™532
LLMg^ÆF,¹IÃbóó'fZ!LL²ÃÈZDwóó'™77 01XZDw)Z)àû{(Ô™63 11XF,¹IZŠ[Ô,]441Ô521 21X31X
234
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
WZzgiWÔ™661 41XLLzsËóó~�lë÷:Z°gÃY…÷»§Z+&ZYZk%¥?Ã, 51X÷—g!fZ!LLöZÈZDwóó'™241
LLZDwÅ÷á²~~F,¹IZzgg‡IgD**]óó'!LLYzh+óó'{m 61X�™11
LLZDw»Ã›Zg»óó'!LLZDwÙÏZzg*izógóó',]18X28Ô38 71X81XZDw6,Zq-W~ÃÔ!LL)~ZŠ[óó'�Ñð0991YÔ,]33X43 91X£Ñ‹ÑpÔ™39 02X
'™843 Modern Islam in India Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 12XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL].h+Zsx~L_wZixÔÅ’q-ZzgZDwóÔ!LL&õ 0Ñ!Ãxóó 22XLLi0+{!gzŠóó~eZËYzh+ZDwä_wZixÃLLzWZ‹~óó¹ìXLLÍZsx»].h+Z§LLz;šMóóÆ;ðVz�Š~Mc*pZq-ŠzYVÆ›âV~zWZ‹~c*_wZixÅ’q-¬ÅêLz�Š~MðZzgŠ*ñZsx~¼Z,ÖÌaZƒ‰2Väf!Ãc*]ÃZsòg8-ŠbÑzq™Šc*óó')™101(
ZDwGzWZ‹¸XZyÅÃætzf[c*Š*z].h+ŠzâV6,¶@*ëLLf!Ãc*]ÃZsòg8-ŠbóóZDw»
!Š+÷Ã7å:
GÆŠgŠq»§¯¯xZzgì ZzgzV»ì\xZzg÷Z\xZzgìtÌ’ā**Èî0¤],!*xZzgì ¤%æJLi%æGLŠZxÆ**áÂÍ`ƒ?Zk»£xZzgìÔZk»ÂxZzgì _.ƒwxÐì�ÛzrZ
+A.èEEELsi»
)ƒÒ0îE0Z¥/|»ÒÆ**x'!*&ëEYLŠgZ('™843 Modern Islam in India 32X
8iïELfsZ½kÐZDw»!í�zZãì: 42X"We heartily welcome the liberal movement in modern
Islam, but it must also be admitted that the appearance
of liberal ideas in Islam constitutes also the most
critical moment in the history of Islam. Liberalism has
a tendency to act as a force of disintegration,."
X! Iqbal as a modern interpreter of Islam Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZ*G�»£!: 52XStudies in Iqbal's Thought and Art
334
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
'™401 Modern Islam in India 62X!*ÁƒsÔ™98 72X
'™763ÔjZ!3Ô)ÄÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ Modern Islam in India Š&ÀŸ/õ GG: 82XLL›óó˜!!*8-èŠgZ(DZzgŠ+D¢ƒæ 92XF,À:2+k,*i~Ô$h½5ÿ
GIGL].h+ZÅ;5é XGW]èZsð'™752 03X
ZºZÈîWM!*Š~ÆZkÄ:ws7,−7,ZìN*U$»&0*ãÁC7,Zì0*U$»X6, 13XeZËpZzi™c*»û{Š&ÀŸ/õ GG)ZºZ[M!*Š~:ózW~_·Ô,]402X502(ZzgZkÆZDwÆZkÄ6,gÙ:
2w¸ÌìñVÅi0+Ï~ MMèâÐeg**Ô§¯@?Zh**óó ŠZ#Ö6,„Zzgf[6,„ Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔƒZÍw»ŠÎZV!*[>ZyLL 23X
ñ•ÃW,Ô™632 33X'™901 Modern Islam in India 43X
)~»2Zzgh‹ZDw!LLZDw:„èZsòÅ$h½5ÿGI
GL].h+óó''%"0î GOE 53XeZË@·Q~jZáZzg'×h+,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGLLZzgZ¾ËXóó%"0î GOEg°j÷á�Ô,] 63X281X381Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ¡¾æ
ELgz×Ô™11ÔqgzZ½kÆaÔ™73 73X
Zq-,iŠ{±iZŠ}Æ**xD¢ƒæ 83XF,À:MwZ£uzgÔŠZøzgZDwÔ™77 93XF,À:±2+k,~*i~Ôúè].h+ZÅ;5é XG‹Zsðó,]952X062 04XYzh+**)Ô™902 14XâÞ6991Y~!!ÏÆa÷ZZq-ZÚz-gkge™ÆgŸZ¬$+~=gÁ 24X
~ ™ä÷}‚BnMñXvuJ-Z#!*CÙãÂÑÑ!*glƒg„¶Xä¤/xGyÆ‚BZq-ñN*ÎñzƒZåX¬$+~ä¹LLZz6,ÃÌ<
Ô åXóó~ZÒÎñÆZz6,ÃÌ;åXtzZ§Zka–ìāZkgziÌøDè©wÔZ+pZ&ÃMNXÅN*4ËÌnÆ]kЬg~‰X
ZDw5úÔ,]543@*553 34X434
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
�Ûz¼ZDwÔ,]244@*544 44XZDwÔZ6,s9891YÔ™89 54XZDwZzgf[Ô%"0î GOEMwZ£uzgÔ™881 64X
}Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔGQ~»*y>ZyLLZDwÅó{~úg]Åwóó˜! 74XLLZD1]ÆÝlóó'eZËÐZºä¸„£g~î™™t*yZL%"ìGOE
™Š{ù´~÷áïHXúg]D¢ƒæ 84XuŠZgQ~äZq-Çg~ZDw»^q-V7,J:LL%ŠÆ;B~ì�8çXLúg] 94XÅ%Šóó)ZDwZzgf[Ô™881(!*]¸ìpZDwäLL%ŠóóÅ(LL)óó»Â–ìXÄ~ŒøwMŠZg~Å{§'úg]»{m�CÙÔ�8çXLðìXúg]»7gZz�ŠZk»ÍZ{ìXZk�CÙÅ%Š%ŠÆ!*)ìX³m,Z£ä�CÙÃLL�ZCÙóó¯™ièƒaZHìX˜VJ-�8çXL%Š»mìÂZk£x6,ZkÐ%ZŠ~pŠ~7ìXpŠ~ÆpZ·ZPxZzg%Z7ÿLF,KMÐ%ŠZzgúg]ŠzâVzZh÷XZD1]ÆÝlÔ™222 05XZDwäfzZ3gZ{yÅñR,»gÅL{ñÙóÐt‘:NïÑåāLLìYŠÒ§] 15X~CÙ!0*¿lóóXtùeåāZKZzÑŠÅaZöÆzZu]zx@Z]ZyÅ»g¶î Y
0„ÃÃu:™DXuŠZgH÷áŠ~ÆŠHg{',kˆ¯‹ðо{c*[ƒNXZ-ŠâVUgHLL¤&ö0²ZVóóÅZ0+zxu¦k,0IX�«·Æ**xZLâ!ígQ22ZÆ',4291Y~ÔZDw˜÷:
%j)Åñ]»©.e$ŠgŠZ0åX}.Z¬\ZkÃZL�Z§gØ~(Š}X4+eZËzV»´`å�Šy~&ŠiZzgZ¤/¢zg]ƒÂ
ZkÐic*Š{ŠiMD¸Zzg‰ŠigZ]½DgT¸'%6äZÐJ$zg™Šc*åXŒVJ-āeCg~ÅiØz{',ŠZ“™äÆ**‡.Þ¶XMy~äeZËzVйāz{˜VJ-eƒ
ZkÅYyXäÅÃÒ™,Zzg»ìw:™,XOç¸?m,ŒÛZg0*ðXaÃg3Ðï%ÆaMÑ]»ZEwÑzq„ƒZåāZkäYyŠ}Š~X%äÐŒÛãŠz]¬ÓxŠg›i{ȃŠHåZzg
534
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
egÏ ¸´#Ö(,~yZ[¶X¾nāŠgŠÅqª~ZkÅqª"Zzg"ËŶā÷}aZkÆn}ŧsó{™**ÌÂåZzg÷Z»Jg±ƒŠHXZq-©àZKyÊ*~ÑäÆa��k‚J‚wÐic*Š{ZkŠZ§Ãã~7I@*oZkŠg1Zq-
®úg]ÊîìX'â¯x�«·!ígQ22ZÆ',4291Y!¤ÄZDwÔ2Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔà‹kKMèZDwÔ¢ŠzxÔ,]655X755%§ZDwÔ%"0î GOE·g=ZaÔ™57X ñ25XƒZÅMyÔ¢ZzwÔ™943 35X±ñŠzŠ~˜÷āLLŒV¤±ÑsZzg™Z#ÖZzg³]7ìÔ6ā 45X¬xQgŠzpZVMŠòZk»ÈáÇÔÉŒVtÂZkp~ìāZy~ÐZq-r3ý LE)ª%Š(ÃZvän‰Z+S:]Zzg'«Å÷�Šzu~ā)ªúg](Ã7Š,c*ZkÐÁŠ~÷XZk¯6,{0+ZãÂx~%Š„ZxƒäÅZqg‚rìZzgúg]¡èSZ+¯ðˆìāZÐ{0+Zãi0+Ï~%ŠÅ™«z�~Æ�gxecXóó)ƒZÅZyÔ¢ZÍw'™943(OçZDw¡~�ÛtÆ!*)ZzgZÏMe$ÅgzÝ~úg]Zzg%ŠÅ)zZ‹ÇƇb7Xúg]Zzg%ŠÆ¡~�ÛtÊ*½ÅZ¯Z`ÆÚø~ŒYYìX%§ZDwÔ,]67X77 55X
ZDwäLLZ+A.èEEELpZ&ZsxÔægZkóóÐæ[ÆŠzgZy¹āLL6,Š{Æ0 65X
ZsxÆZ©x™sZzgzZã÷XL“úEE
Lyó»¬ìZzgz{Zkaāi0+Ï~Z,z‰ÜÌMD÷XZ#úg]Ã)øxÆ‚tƒ**7,@*ìX{mZkz‰Ü
Æat¬ìÔŠvqÑ]ÆaZzgZ©x÷X6,Š}Æe~Zsx»¬x¬úg]Ãtìāz{ZKi“MêCÙ:™}Xóó)%gèZDwÔ™97(
Zq-Zzg*y~�Íwö»Ð÷Æe~ªÄßyÆŠzgZyZDwä÷áù™Zc*åÔZL!í�»ZÖgZk§bHì:
-g\~úg]ZL—£xФ/ìZzgZkÅf)ŠZgz{pŠìXz{MiZŠ~Zzg)zZ‹£teSìÔT»|xz{pŠ7Š'ŒÛMy~7Òð EM]z9Cé LEƒ²ZãÆ!*g}~FZq-¸Z27K‰÷Ô
634
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
6,Š{Zy~ÐZq-ìXZkÆ´z{Zq-Zzg‡âyÌìTÅ¥zÐúg'Zzg%ŠZq-Šzu}ÐïMh÷Zzgë¯xƒMh÷Ô1z{"$¹Òý GOƒ™Zq-Šzu}ÊÚÆWi7XZ¹Sňìā
Z,ñµ6,ZKó÷˜gOXZ¤/tŠ2g迬KƒYñÂQÕ[Å¢zg]7gSXyz*yÆŠŒ]ZzgŠvZsò˜´~ZÒ›yúg'Õ[7Zzh™54è
GGX6,Š{ŠgZݺmegztÅ
âŠ~ßg]ìTÅ¢zg]CÙoƬxqÑ]Zzggë§iâ:6,«ìX)ZDwg--Ô©gM!*ŠXZ6,s3991Y,]18X28(
Z³pZ&4èGGELægZkÐæ[ÆŠzgZyZDwä¹: 75XM\ÃZL£t6,”]Æ‚BZÜZg™**ecX˜VJ-Ñ$šï GGLZsò»mìÔ›yúg'tDe$7™‰āZ¹Ñ<ä£t7Šbc*z{£tZ,÷XÐZ¹%ŠzVÆ‚B)zZ]»ŠgzqÝ7Xz{hÔT»úg]Z»sz=Æ‚BL_c™
$ËìÔz{ŒÛMÈ0*uäŠ}Šc*ìXZ¤/M\ZkÐYIz¸…g÷c*ZkÐÃZ+{:ZVNc*ZkÆqÝ™ä6,ZÜZg:™,Ô1‰Üè¢zg]‡âãeg{�ð:™,ÂtŒÛMyc*Ñ$šï GGLZsx»]g7'º[~ÂZhZh°ZpV~ÈŠï÷āëgzZ`Æ0*È÷ÔÑ<Æ0*È7X¡Zkaā@VÃYGZŠÐz:Šb7,}XëÃÃÒ™ãecāëgzZ`ŶŠÐMiZŠ~qÝ
™,X~M\ÃC@*ƒVā=‡ây&ƒäÅzzÐF!*g°ZpV~±YVÆ£tÆa±**7,ZìÔZzgFŠit}.#Ö~ä%:ÆZ�xŠ~ìX)%§ZDwÔ,]18Ô48(
ZÏèÃg{æ[ÆŠzgZyZDwä¹: 85XM\äZLaÔZi+gö~LZ§ZÈ$óÆZÖpZEwK÷XZyÐ=f!úgÂVÅZk’q-»ìwƒZ&F,Å~c*Zzg(
ÆÂÐ (emancipation) -g\~LL%ŠzVÆjÐ�]óó¨HY@*ìXŠ9tìāX!*ÂVöŠÐHY@*ìz{
ZKZÝ~¶Š÷c*7XZ¤/!{©Šõ EW¾wÆìwÆ_.t¶ŠQV
734
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
ÌŠ~IÂMy³HŠÚ~Mg;ìXZÌPŠyƒñZ¶gZ]~t÷áùƒðāÓ!ïGLF,ÉÃ¥xƒZìāúgÂV~pŠ±gö NIÆ
zZu](,|gì÷Xúg]pŠi0+Ï»u*ìXZ¤/úg]„i0+ÏÐÜZgƒYñÂQi0+ÏÆMÐ(,"ÆHZky!*¹g{‰XZkçnÅïÆaF,Åäzèc*XQZLfÃ�ZkŠgñg›‰[¸Ôš™¹āZLzkVÆfg=úgÂVÃŒNāZsx~pŠ±gö NI
kH{ìXt³ƒZZ')4gö GE&4jè FGIE»F,Å~!~ªZyƒ@*ƒVāZ#
úgÂVäÓxZy!*ÂVÐXÃz{¶Š9‰ÔMiZŠ~qÝ™àÂQpŠ±gö NI
6,YVMâŠ{ƒNXZày~9úgÂV»:tÆa°ZpV~Y**ZzgF,Å~pŠ±gö NIÅzZgŠZÂV»ƒ**Z,ŠzZëzZu]÷ā…ZyÅ=V6,÷~ÃÐg™**ƒÇXtÂXìZzg%
ZKã¡]Æ÷}Zzg9_¬ÆZkÆ¿6,îÅQy™**ÂìX)%gèZDwÔ,]87X97(
jZÙ75Zzg85ÅgzÝ~³m,Z£»tZ0+Z¯ÒyāLL%ŠZzgúg]Æ!*bm~ZDwòäúg]Ã!*Ç%ŠÆg3z™x6,ghŠc*ì»&CÿLÃìXxV·ÑpÅtgZñÌßìāZDwäZkZ6,¾§ó¨g7HXZ%Z,VätŠg„–ìāZDwÃtF,ŠŠg;āúgÂVÃf!§¯i0+ÏÅ',ZÇVÐXc*YñXZÏa
Zkñçq6,ZDw伊>KXf[~Z,a�zZ−{c*zZ−c*ŠzâVÅõØz6,zglÐøzx÷pŠf[ 95XÆZ3ÿXLŠZøÆaÅ+@î0„t÷X÷}ªÄZàyÆŠzgZyZÆ',6991YÆ
ZzZyc*âÞÆZzZb~!!ÏäZy”VÆ!*g}~Zq-g7g^íÅ�zZ−+ÅF,šMÐøzx÷Zzg™«ÇƒV~>Þgì÷XZy™«ÇƒV~ZyÆ‚BÒic*ŠCƒCìOçz;VÐa¸vå36,6gƒD÷XZ(vu6,9}ƒ™CÙZk¿Æ‚BYäûgƒ@*ì�»ggzu™ZÐZVáZzgÒúqÝ™ÆZм7&+Š}Š}XZq-±ÆÃKz~6,Š3c*ŠHTäCc*ā~äZk§bZ[J-‚J7&+¾a÷XZkK~Zq-g7gLLzZõMsZ%Móóä0002YÆZzZb~íÅX 06X
'A Nation of Victims: The Decay of the American Character 16X36X834
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
,]771Ô681úg]Å™«D¢ƒæ 46X
'™943 Modern Islam in India 56XŠg|èÄzZ&—ZŠÒ‹ZsðDZuZ§pŠ~ 66XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ1z»*y>ZyÔLL»ôkZzg›yóó˜!p$4èGEL1z'™431 76XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔƒZÍwÔÄZy:Z·ZÅ 86XøZƒÉZjyÆZ°g)21(DZgèÈsi 96X
'™683 Gabriel's Wing 07X'ßyZi+cÔ,]011Ô711 Modern Islam in India 17X27X
/'/'/
934
HZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzg¦‡I÷?
044
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Ù!*[
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?6,zWMwZ£uzgÔZq-*y~˜÷LL~ZÒZk!*]6,g™@*
ƒVāF,¹I’q-äZDwÆ‚BZ»sYV:Hóó'ZkÎZw»�Z[Šïƒñ˜÷āLLF,¹I~øg}!*íÐaZ7ƒð¶Ô»gàˆ
¶ZzgZq-(Ï0*gKÆ£œÅ‘Ðê M',ŠZg¶XZkaZkäZq-ÒÃaZÅZ·ZYVä 1 �‚bZzg�°ixÆ**x6,èI„Ãd-?õ IEXÅÃЊÚÐXóó
ZDwÃZLZÝg8-~LJw7HX».$zs\.-ôGäZ¹LLF,¹IóóZzgLL¦‡IóóÆ{âV~„™ÆŠ¬ZzgWîZDw6,§Š»ßZzg**gzZZ²Zx¬Z+HX%æEOLRÆZ·ZÅZ%ZÄZDwÅîÆŠzgZyZ¹¦‡IÔâè»ùg~ZzgZsòÃÁëgìXZyÆZ‹ZŸ]~¹—¤/`¶XZDwÃâxÂ:HYeZzg#Å©ïEGLZDwF,¹IzVÃP7,~ÂZÒz9»gÍtpsƒŠHZzgz{ZkÃÒ~zsƒ‰āZDwÃZ·ZÅU*"$HYñXZK¾e$ÆaZDwÃZ·ZÅg8-~7™**ÌßZzg**gzZåXZ·ZYVÆ7ÊzZßwgìXZq-tāLLZDwÅŠZøzg~c*„'ZÏuJ-‡&ÿELJwì
ŠzuZtāLLZ¤/?ZDwà 2 ˜VJ-ZDwZzgZ·ZKÅŠg,œu÷Xóó3 ™ŠzXóó convert 7™MhÂZÐ comdemn
F,¹I’q-ZDwÆK~§ŠZ]»DgƒðìXZ·ZÅ|Z]»fZCZzg!*b§ŠÌ¹úc*VìXuŠZgQ~ÔZDwƼZÃgÜ™äƈ˜÷āLL«nÆZÃgÐZDwÃF,¹IZzgŠzu~n
144
¦‡6,„U*"$™**¹M‚yìptߧiìTƉF,¹ ÐZDwÃZ·ZÅU*"$ 4 I!{3¨4è
EEGEDgƒñ÷XX~~pŠÌ÷áïƒVXóó
™äzZßV~ЉÃZDwÅZÍA"LLDZÑOŠóó„~»gwâg¾ÅœZñ!*i‚‹ðŠ~ìXZÒäZDwÆZ·ZŃä»Z´yLL8¸ç
EELgZ{óó2LL\Äætóóʼnàâ]ů6,HìX‰Ã8‹0î E
E0Z[M!*ŠÉh‹ZDw~ÌZ·ZKŦk,ÃMðìX¼Š|Z]äLLYzh+**)XóóLL!*Áƒsóó
ZzgLL¢ƒæóóÆ´z{ZDwƉèoÃZDwÆZ·ZÅgDy»o]ŒÛZgŠc*ìZzg‰äŠúòHìāZDwMy~/~Z·Zщ¸XZq-¤/z{äizgŠZgZ0+ZiÐZDwÃZsòÎœU*"$™äÆaî`ðXZk»gáLO¿ÌƒZT»¹÷{Y,{6,zWz‡gxäZq-*y>ZyLLZDwZzgZ·ZKóó
Zq-䡾æ ELZDw~Z·ZÅg8-½ZŠzu}äZkLL¸W,§&óó 5 ~1ìX
Å°pÅXZq-Â[Æ7Â~6,zW·¢y˜÷LL’k,»¾wZkÐ(,|™ZzgHƒYìāZq-!ò,ÅZq-òûx!Æ‚B
²eZËg<Z−+;×Æ 6 -V7HYñāZk6,7g~,»áyƒXóóZÖp~LL6,zW·¢y'ÅTp!ŧs‡gMÅÂzKzw™gì÷Ô°Z"z„ZyÅãCŠ~{òìāz{ZDwÅ!ò,Åq-gqZzg
7 bz~¦k,7™gì÷Xóó¿tāT§bÔZ‹ZŸ]»@s¯™ÔZ·ZYV䡾æ E
LZDwÃ*™äÅî`ð¶ZϧbZÐZ·ZKc*ZsòZ·ZK~g`ÅÃÒÐZkÅ—hä»ZÈxHXOçt¢zg~ìāZkÃÒZzgßÒEVÆÚø~ZDwÆ7g}¯ÄÄz�6,ÃeZàYñZzgºm£œÆ�¼LLU*"$óó™äÅ(ZDwÆ9!í�»çHYñX
244
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
2222PœjäLLDZÑOŠóóÐZq-Z½kÜ™ÆÔZkÅãCŠ6,Ô
ŠúòHìā$Ó½3ïGOGèi}Æ!*[~ZDwäXìÑ]»ZÖgHìÔZy~®!Z½k~ZDwä–ì 8 »gwâg¾ÅœZñ!*i‚‹ðŠîìX
āLLYGZŠ—Óx',ZÇV»u*ìXóóZk¿Ã»gwâg¾ÅœZñ!*i‚¹YYì@*ëLLDZÑOŠóóÆló~ZDwäzŸs#ÅìāLLZkÆp}ZÔ�gZzgRÃÐZ~.K‰÷XóóªCÙìāZyp}~âg¾ÅgZñÌMˆìXLLDZÑOŠóóù¦Z±gÐuâtŠZgZ:ZOŠc*]ÅF,)yìXZDwäfgZùaZzZg~i}ZzgœÆ´z{uâtZzgÃÌ÷áïHìX
ZÏ®!Z½k~ZDwä–ìāi}6,LL¸xÆCÙ�ÛŠÃ)z~8þL!qÝìXóóZkÐZDwÅpZ÷‹)zZ]Å?σCì@*ët!í�âg±h4ïGGÅÔ™@*ìZkaāâgËçâ]~fgZùaZzZgZ�ÛZŠÅ
!Ðïw™u»g~As~áaYD÷ZzgZ�ÛZŠZK„i�V6,'׊zgÅwлx™D÷X
Pœj'×h+˜÷āLL‘ÐêLZÑOŠóó~�!*]ZDw佶Ôz„Z,VäM‚wLL!*ÁƒsóóÆZkÄ~™CÙZð:
›{}.Zc*!ti~¾~7Ô¾~7!¾}M!*Å7Ô¾~7Ô÷~7!
HÃðÇZ·ZÅ óóX ]øŸûø…ûšöÖô³×#³äô LL t!*]z„7ìXÄ»ÄZyìt${ðG
OgJw™Yì?Zk${ðG
OgÆ_.i}»Çâ´:Ãð�ÛŠì:u»gÉZvìXLLZ+Å
&CÒø ELØgòóó~„z¿ÆZz[ÆjZáÐZDwäZk${ðG
OgÃZ·ZKÆ£«6,7Hì:
344
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
ZkÐ(,|™ZzgH„z¿»Zz[!0*Š÷áƒVÅ7ZvÅìti~!
ZDw»!í�Z[tìāM&4èJGEL9åZ�ÛZŠÃâwzŠzª»â7ÉZ}
01 ¯@*ìXLLDZÑOŠóó4091Y~÷áùƒð¶XZÏ‚w‘‰*y>Zy
LL¸òi0+Ïóó~ZDwäZOŠ~)bÆiÆaY0*yÅcz~»tg{Šc*ìX˜÷ā½ZzgZ&—')å GOyä¸xŸxÃZzgмZzg¯Šc*Xto
ZDw»LLó£!óó7091Y 11 ŠE~Z±gÐøg}aƒÐZY%:ìX~»gƒZX�ÛŠÆK~»gwâg¾»f™eåp7ƒZX0191Y~’k,K‰LL•gZ]óó~¼ŠZë÷á²zVZzg\V»f™ƒZìÎZñ»gwâg¾ÆX
ZDwZ[ZsòiZz›ó{Ãîîg6,Z(g™`¸XOçLL8‹0î EE0Z¥/|óó)1191Y(
Å@*yZyZÖp6,I¦ìXLLZ¤/ëZi»gvÔZiŠ»0+ZgÔZiZ3ÿXLw†ZzgZi21 à~aZ™**eT÷Â…ecāZ¹ZÍwå›y¯NXóó
LL“{óó)2191Y(~›âVÅçÙ?0+Ï»ŠZvÐHìZzgZv„ÐQyzZhÅì:YV›âV~ìŠzÅïGLŠ***c*[&¾~Šg]Âìz{TÅ:uì:[XZzgZvä›âVÆõZîVÐ%Æ`Yg~
™ŠbXLLZuZ§pŠ~óó5191YZzgLLgñi6Š~óó8191Y~÷áùƒðXLLZuZ§pŠ~óó~',F,ZKyc***T$èhc*›y»${ð
GOgÒyƒZì�Z·ZYVÆa¸g~
ßÅwg‚rìXZy|Z]ÃL÷á�óZzgL¹gó~1gjzZS:]ÃMCZDw�ÛŠÅ&6VÃ',zñ»gŠ9eT÷�)®)Æaz� 31 ÷X
ƒC÷X�ÛŠZzg)®)~çz-$»gƒ@*ìXuâtŠZgZ:c*Z·ZÅçÑzVŧb�ÛŠZzggc*„Æ¢ŠZ]~£Šx7ƒ@*XZkßg‹qwÆ:©
444
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
~Z�ÛZŠ»¢ƒ@*ìXZ�ÛZŠ»¢„uâ›$™-.çG
GL$Òï OGìXZDw»ŠzuZãCŠ~${ðG
Og$Òï OG»${ðG
OgìX�LLgñiè6Š~óó~ÒyƒZìXŠzâVãCŠ~${ðG
OgZ]ÅZ‚kZsxìXZ·ZK:${ð
GO§›yÃJw™CìZzg:${ð
GO§$Òï OGÃX‘Õä O)ZDw
äŠzâV${ðG
OgZ]ÓxF,ZsòjZßVÐ7K÷XŠzâVš-V~Z·ZKc*âg¾»ÃðjZ!7ìX
33333291Y~ZDw6,Z·ZŃä»Z²Zx¬Z+HŠHXÒZ−+Œ
Z·ZÅìÑ]ÆqïZzgLLZz[óóÆ‚.æk,¸XZy»Zq-*yÔZLZq-¤/ëg”{‚¶ÆŠÃq~Ô32�y3291YÆgzi**)LLiŒZgóó~÷áùƒZXñßsä–āZ·ZKÅ×e$Ãðx7ìZkaā‘Õä O)ZDwÌ!*Ÿq-ìÑ]gnp÷Xz{Zq-Z·ZÅ„7Z·ZKÆ!5Òü EO
ELZdÌ÷X
ÒZ−+ŒäL8¸ç EELgZ{óÆ´z{LL\ÄætóóÅŠzVZzgøDèfsÏ»jZ!7H:
¾z‹yzázcxMgiz„41 !*ðxā!hÓëLYnxMgiz„
LL8¸çEELgZ{óÆ´z{LL\Äætóóʼnàâ]ÅãCŠ6,!3›å GOŠZ·ZYV
äZDwÃZ·ZÅŒÛZgŠc*ìX–wPœjLLågZ{óó~Òy™Š{ìÑ]æñ‚Š}ZÖp~Z·ZÅx]»vhIß:ƒÇXz{'×h+˜÷ā
LL\ÄætóóÆŠâd~ÔZDwäÔT6MŠxƼg»(׊{‹c*ìÔZkäÎze$-2~À1åX2LL\ÄætóóÅÓxV~ÔpZ{(σVc*
51 )(ÏÔ�*zß!Zzg*M}MìÔz{Zzƒgzk„ÅŠ+åX³m,Z£»ZD1]~(,Z**xìXZ,VäZDw6,ÔF,¹IzVÆ
¬Z+™Š{Z²Zâ]ÅF,Šh+ÅìX@*ëZy»Xtìāz{àz‰ÜZDwZzg
544
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
Z·ZKÆqò÷XZyÆ4,Šq-Z·ZKÆçÙUÐZDwÃ7gZZ·tìXZyÅgZñìāLL\ÄætóóÆŠzg~ZDw6,Zkà${ð
GOgZ]»ZW,
61 ÷Zƒ[ìX6,zW·¢yÌZDwÆZgZŠ]qZzgZ·ZÅgDyÆqï÷X
Z,VäL8¸ç EELgZ{óÆÈLLuâtzœóÆ!3›å GOŠZÃgÜK÷X~8iïELfsŠzZÃg{mîg6,Ñ$þ
JLÂz÷:Mëƒ@*i{aZ$‹è EEL4ÌЃZM�V!ez"ƒñ@*gzV»â?“.!ÂheZB¡‹ZKVäiî,Óx
71 Šzg„¼AÐgzC8gê FILMŠx“.Zkƈ6,zW·¢y˜÷āLLZ·ZÅgzk6,ZDw»tªêû{åXZk~Z,VäZzƒgzkÃiâäÆùÐaZƒäzZáZq-
t 71 6Îg`ÐZzgZkÅ$+zª‡ìƒäzZàçÑ]üAÐHìXóó!*]‡&ÿELÂzìāZDwÆZq-÷ágb6,zW-ŠÐ²ÔäZyZÃg»¸|xÒyHìpÝxgÎw$äLMë[è@*i{óűZsòjZáÐÅ
Z‹µÄLLƒ»ZsxóóƬÄÆ&4øFGILÃLMëƒ@*i{óÅt± 81 ìX
!*ÇŠg„ìX@*ëZ¤/6,zW·¢yÆÒy™Š{|xÃ9â**YñÂZkÆ:©~Šzz�{»g�ÛâÃMC÷XZq-tāZDwZ’Z„ÐZ#k»{ØeT¸X
LL‘ÐêLZÑOŠóóÆŠâd~ÎZwQVD÷āLLHte7āCÙ�ÛŠ¿Æ™ÄÐMiZŠƒ?HZ(7ƒYìā‹ÃaV~íí™Z�zZßVÅŠ¥ZlœZNåÆa{ñlƒYNZzgZq-ŠgŠqŠwÃhŠ¶zZáZ#k»ŠgŠ**uÂg{åÆaĬÝÐÔw½ßŧbÔ$ÖYñ?óó
644
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
i0+Ïó~y~›âVÅL.e$$zlóZOŠ~qª6,¡÷ªCÙÅ L¸òL8‹0î E
E0Z¥/|ó~Ì›âVÅZOŠ~qªÃL.e$„Z\k**uZzg 91 ìX02 ‡&ÿELg3óŒÛZgŠ}™Z&bÅD+Û,Cð÷X
Šzu~zztìāÔ�ÛZ뙊{Z:¬]Æ_.ÔgzÏúZxp¥àÐgzÏZz[äCKZzgGÆZëZŠZzg"Îx 12 ë)gƒgì¸X
uâtŠZg~»{Ø™Šc*åXZ·ZÅZz[ÆZkUÅZDwä!*g!*gdÅìX@*ëZÝqÑ]6,ŠÜ6,Š}7,}ƒñ¸XZ+ßg]~gzÏZz[Ã
LMëƒ@*i{óZzgZ·ZÅgzkÃL¼AóŒÛZgŠbÔZq-zz@*W,ŒÛZgŠc*YYìZzg¹Y@*ë™8ïEL‚iÅÃgzÏZz[Æ 22 Yìāuzlzzîg6,ßM}ƒŠHX
}ò6,g„Zzgˆ~ZÐJW»@s¯c*X6,zW·¢yÆÒy™Š{|xÐsÃZë!*]tìāZDwÔzz
îg6,ÌÔZsxÔZkÆo}ZzgZkÆ(ÏzZOŠ~ÂxЊ„',ŠZg:ƒñXL8¸ç EELgZ{ó~LuâtzœóÆLŠ*ñZsxó»f~ÄZyìXZk~Lg*z‚$Òï OG¡óÃætÅ�]Cc*ìZzgŠ+Æyg~ŠZ4ƒäÅ
L8¸çEELgZ{óÆZkеÄLƒ»ZsxóìXÏ~Zsò 32 SÅìX
$hò EIèLU*6óÆaQ¬ÐMë[Z½ZóÆZÖpZEwK÷:ŠÅ5ÿGL
r-÷ELgz×ì*gzVÅÞ@*!
Q¬ÐMë[Q½ZŠHŠz§¤/ZVpZ!!ZkÄ~ZZyZzg¢Ð!3›Òþ
GO!3›å GOŠ"éZÃg÷ZzgZsòt!*]¾qwc*ŠgDbecā 42 ')å GOyÆ!*g}~Zë$¹é EL]Òyƒñ÷X
ZDwäTË~Zzg˜V}Ãðp!Š@ìÔZkÅ',5°pÅìXf[ÃJF,W»@s¯äÆ!*z�ŠZkÆŠŒ]Zzg…]Å°pZy
ZÖp~Åì:
744
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
�ÛŠzk�¾ZìËä7Š¬52 Z�Û8-»CÙŒÛtì�ÛŠzkÅâ#!
ZkÐt³ïw¢8āZDwuâtŠZg~ÂxÆqòƒ‰Ô߃ÇXtgzlZDwÙÏZzgŠZøq~ŠzâVÆo°ìXqÑètÄZDwÆx@}6,FFì²Z·ZÅgzkÃZ¤/ZDwä¼A¹Â�ÛZ뙊{ßZ:¬]ů6,¹XZzgZ¤/Z·ZÅgzk¼A0ŠHåZzgZDwÅgZñŠg„̶ÂZkÐZDw»Z·ZŃ**U*"$7ƒ@*ÔSî²ZDwäÔDÆ‚BÔ!*Ÿq-ìÑ]ÊZ],{ZsxÐ{g`ƒäÆáZŠsŒÛZgŠc*ìX
L8¸çEELgZ{ó2291Y~Z
+A.èEEEL×"ìGGLZsxÆH~‹ðˆXLL\Äætóó
3291Y~÷áùƒðXL8¸ç EELgZ{óÔLë**%î0uâtŠZgz'׊zgóZzgL$©øEGI
L�Û8-óÆi%æGLÄZy!3›å GOŠàâ]uâtŠZg~ZzgCµ3ïGOGÆÜsg›¿»@÷XZDw'׊zgzVÉøzñVZzg¤ñVÆqò÷ZzgZ¹ËZg~»�xŠï÷XL8¸çEELgZ{óZzgLë**%î0uâtŠZgz'׊zgó~uâtŠZgzVÅf†»6,Š{euHìXLâZñ'׊zgó):āâZñz‰ÜÔ6āÒZ−+Œä–å(~uâtŠZgZ:ÂxÅ(6Âxƪx»f™ìX@*ët!*]‡&ÿELf™ìāLL\Äætóó„ÆŠzg~ZDwZkËJ-V`¸āÓ#Ö'׊zgÆ;B~MYñÂÌÝò/g»lggìÏZkaāúZx%æFNZä}.ZîVÅ(6}.ZF,Zlfe÷Zzg8lç
ELzÅ(Ã3½è XMEá©8ìXt!*]„z@Åi!*yнì:ŠâŠxâ}.Zz0+ZVF,Z”
āÜZgZi}.Zc*È@bLLú0+**¯è,"yh+Zg
62 óó Z¤/Æz¯”Ã3½è XEbz‰Ü¦/gäÆ‚BZDw»t!í�¢ƒŠHZzgLL!*Áƒsóó~¸
844
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
!*]Ôic*Š{zNtÐÔZKi!*yнì:iâÄ»gZ¤/'׊zgÆ;ðV~ƒQH!
72 §$þGLÃ3½è XE~Ìz„.÷6,zm,~!ZkÄÆgáLO¿~Zº@gZñ7g~ä–åāLLZDw'׊zgzVÅ
ÄÅt@*zsŠg„7ìXZDwLL'׊zgóóÆ 82 Ó#ÖÃPZVI7™@*XóóLL6,zm,~.VóóÅ#¿™gì÷XZDw»ZÝ!í�tìāÂÄÓ#ÖÃð
92 ̃Z¤/Š+Ã(„ÐZµg3YñÂZk»³5ä~Å~À_ìX4444
‘Õä O)ZDwÃZ#¥xƒZāZyÐ!*Ÿq-ìÑ]™[K‰÷ÔÂZ,Väæ%æGLLLiŒZgóóÆ**xÔZq-YìâÉ™ZkZ²ZxÅF,Šh+ÅXZy»â42�y3291YÃLLiŒZgóó~÷áùƒZXtZëŠ*zm,ZyÓx|Z]Æ!í�Ãgœ™Cì�L8¸ç EELgZ{óc*LL\ÄætóóÆjZáÐÔZDwÃËR6,ÌÔZ·ZÅŒÛZg
ZÐ7gZÜ™äÅ(ZkÆ{m 03 Šï÷Xtâ¬xîg6,Šø7[ìX{m$¹é EL]fs~Šg`KYD÷XZDwÆ4,Šq-:
!*Ÿq-ìÑ]gŠZ],{ZsxÐ{gƒäÆáZŠsìX 0f!uâtŠZg~ZzggzÏ!*Ÿq-ZixŠzâVZ�ÛZozy»³÷X 0ŒÛMyäZŠZwÅgZ{CðìZzgZOŠ~)b»4+i 07HìX!*Ÿq-uâñÅ¢ðGO]ÃçÙÂxÐ{g`7™D 0÷XtZKã¡]ÆÜsìXZsxuâñŸ]ÃçÙÂxÐ{g`7™@*@*ëZÐoƒuzŠÆZ0+g
)zZ]‡ìƒnXZkÑÆaŒÛMÈœä g‚rì@*āw!ïGLg!*Zzgi2>z){»Âx?m,HìX)ˆ ‡âÈ÷Z_Ô
944
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
~ZDwäLL¡ÿGNLZÅš©ð QMEQMóóŧsÌÂzŠÑðX(
Z·ZYV»ZOŠ~·Z7Šg„1§$þGL»gßìX 0ZkÂxÆÕ÷ÔŠ"Ð¥x™ÆÔgzϸx!*ÆHyZ·ZKЊ„',ŠZgƒYñÏX
5555¸g]Æy~¸x6,„ZzgZ·ZÅgD**]gppzZáPœj
äÔZkŠ*zm,Æ!*z�ŠÔ**Z»°ZzgÈg~Æ‚BÔZDwÃZ·ZÅŒÛZgŠ¶2ZDw ZDw(Ë»ZÈxHìXñßsäÔe˜ðÆ‚BÔtŠúòHìāz{Zkaā Z·ZÅpZ·ZKÐ',P]»ZÖgpsZzg<ÍZ?Øů6,HX
ZDwÆ„z¿~§ŠåXZq-**gzZZ²ZxÃU*"$™äÆaŠzu}**gzZZ²Zx»–gZ¢8Z¤/**Z»°zÈg~7ÂZzgHì?§Š¡¾æ E
LZDw~7ÉZ·ZYVÆZŠs$+sgÍ-V~ìXÒZ−+ŒÆ*y6,ZDwÆgœè¿»f™PœjäZyZÖp~ÒyHì:
LLTŠyt*y9Ÿ5é FMFÔZÏŠyZDwÆËŠz„äZyÐZk»E+™{HÂZDwÃZLczVÆnÐi}uǃðCkƒðZzgz{ZkŠgz!3ð NG8ø OIZzgᜊƒñā*y&ÕäELŠAƒñZk
13 ÅF,Šh+Z,Vä¢zg~ªXóóPœj'×h+˜÷āLLZDwÃðÌZ(ZŠZx™ä6,pŠÃMâœ{7™Mh¸TÐÓ#ÖÅZ',z}06,Œ7,ä»ÌZÈwƒYƒX
Zz[gzkÆÔqÑ]ÅgzlÃÔÓ#ÖZ•ð6,¡÷Zzg…**uÃzVЊNg„¶XŠZgz�»ŸÌÑzqƒŠHåXÓ#ÖÃZDwÆZ·ZŃä
ZzgZ·ZKÆ+ƒä»Z¤/¢ƒY@*ÂZyÅi0+ÏÆZkU6,u}ÐQYåÔTÅy~Z,VäZKúZò=qÃÌŠZî6,Ίc*åÔZzgZyÅz{ 0*ã
054
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
23 ¸Xóó **V$AÌç}~7,$˶ÔTÆ”w6,ZÌb¹Ì7ƒñZL£/£œÆaPœjÔ‘Õä O)ZDwÃeg7uZzgLZôm,»
MŠòó̪CÙ™gì÷XZ·ZÅf‚zZÜtÆ‚By~¸x6,4ÅBÌ÷áïƒ÷X)Zôm,u»gÐzÊZg~óóÆZ²Zx6,-cLƒÎxó~ìX(ZDwÃZ·ZÅg8-gz\~7™ä»tZ0+ZiÔeZËg<Z−+;×Æ–wPœjÅLL2g~óóìT»bCÙ{ñßsäÔZKÂ[~ÔYOHìXeZË;×ZkL'g‹®ó»¬Ü™Dƒñ˜÷:
LLZq-xÆaë�Ûn™fe÷ā�y3291YÆZkâÆfg)ZDwä!*ŸixÐZK',P]»ZÖgÔZK3wXäÆaHåX1ÐZkiâä)#3291Y(~Z,VäLL\Äætóó÷áùÅÔTʼnV~–wPœjLLZDwäZzƒgzkÅ7g~ŠZ*yÒyÅìX)m701(ZzgZkÆŠâd~
LLZDwäT6MŠxƼg»(׊{‹c*åZkäÎze$-2pZ{(Ï ~À1åXóó'×h+tāLL\ÄætÅÓxV~Ô„ÅŠ+ ƒVc*)(ÏÔ�*zß!ZzgM}MìÔz{Zzƒgzk
åXóó)™Ô701(LL\Äætóóâga4291Y~Šz!*g{÷áùƒðXZk~Ì!*Ÿq-$©�î EG
0ÃÅ‚g~>÷áï‰XPâ{m4291Y~LL!*&ëEYLŠgZóó!3�ç EEL¬x6,MðT~ZDwL8¸ç
EELgZ{óÜÄ÷áï™äÐ7Hñ�–wPœjZDwÅLL»x[F,+ÄóóìZzg&
LL¦ñ‚Š}ZÖp~Z·ZÅx]»vhIß:ƒÇXóó)m601(Z[ttÐZzg‚B„ŠNßg‹qwìāZq-§sÂZDwLLiŒZgóó~,·%Z÷Æfg)Ô!*Ÿix
154
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
¡ ÐZKÑWªCÙ™D÷XPœjÅ@*zsÆ_.ZkpsÐāZôm,Zy6,¤/Ä:™,pŠzu~§sLL\x
ÅZ÷á®)Ðz{ZK!*ŸixI~Zzg ætóóZzgLL!*8-èŠgZóóZ·ZK6,4»o]Ì�ÛZë™gì÷X»[Pœj¨g
33 �ÛâNāz{¹V9}÷?óót!*]̇&ÿEL¨gìā0291YÆMy~LLZuZ§pŠ~óó6,e4jè
EE»#Ö:ā û{÷áùƒZXZkä@*yZk!*]6,Âh~āZDwZq-pã*g{ìZzgeLì
ZsòŠ*MiZŠÔ�Zzg©ƒYñXZ(ƒŠHÂZsòætf[Ãì™äÅZDwZkLLç**uóóWÐ!3ð NG8ø OI:ƒñZzgO-$zj, 43 ÃÒ™}ÇX
ÐZk»�Z[Šc*XZDwä–āhzœZ‰ÜÆa˜ŠÅŠú]Š~YñÂ53 Zk6,�I�ÛnìX
6666h]Å»g~»Ÿ4291YÐ2391YJ-;ƒZìXZkŠzgZy
7291Y~LLi1§Yóó÷áùƒðZzgZDwäŠz(,}Zë(Ï\7KÔ0391Y~LL8‹0î E
E0Z[M!*Šóó7HŠHZzg2391Y~LL8‹0î EE0уgóóXZÏ‚wÆZzZb~LLYzh+**)óó
ÅZ÷á®)ƒðXLLi1§YóóÃZ·ZYVäÀ˜ÃZ0+ZiHìXLLjÈ4d-öIEóóÐZ¹Ãð
uz»g7ìXLLoZ„#èGEL{ÅzŠ,gz—gzZyZ„óóZzgLLz§wx!*i/y
˜V&óó~è<ØèZsxZzgç$™-.çG
GLâ»f™ì²uŠZgQ~ä–åāè<Ø·ðgZóäLLZDwZzgÎcxóó 73 ZzgZ§áøg}»xÅq,7÷X
Æ7Â~8‹0î EE0Z[M!*Š»Zq-Z½kŠz%ûŠg`HìXz{Z½ktì:
LLZk)0*Îy(Æfg)ZsxÃtñµAÇāz{ZkY\Ð�]0*nÇ�²[CKäZk6,Îg¿ìZzg-VtZL
254
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
‡âyÔZK½ÔZKpÄÃ’q-Š}™Z¹ZKZÝgzbZzggz—)ÐŒÛd$F,ÑnÇXóóZDwäZsò‡âyÔZsò½ÔZsòpÄZzgCKÐMiZŠZÝ
ZsxÅ!*]ÅìpgZó¸„LLgz—)óóÐè$Š¶ÆpZ×÷²ZDwzŸs#™`¸ā!*Ÿq-ìÑ]g÷}4,Šq-ŠZ],{ZsxÐ{g`ƒY**ìXLL[Z[M!*ŠóóÜsZsxÅz»ª™@*ìX¸qw8‹0î E
E0уg»ìXfsÆZ½kÐZDwÆ!í�ÅzŸs#ƒCì:
LLTŠ+ÅM\úÒÏ™D÷z{�ÛŠÅŠgz7Ãt™@*ìZzgZÐZ+F,"3ïEGOGŠêìāz{ZCƒ¼}.ZÅ}.#ÖÆ
z�™Š}XZkÆā]@*qw»7ƒñXtZ[Ì a*¬Ýð™YìT~ËZKy»�YgûZkÅfZ] Zq-ZkÆg8-c*ZkÅfZCMæãг7ƒ@*ÉZk» 0*]Ô•Zk6,«ƒ@*ìā¾nÅi0+Ϭ™@*ìÔT~¾d$Z÷zV6,L¬Z+™D÷ÔT~ZKãçÑ}Å
83 ãCŠ)zZ‹_ÆOñ)zZ‹gzb6,g¿YCìXóóLLh]óó~Z·ZKÅ×e$7ìÉZÐ',5gŠHŠHìp
·ðgZóäLL'g‹®óóлxfeƒñZDwÆÐLLZ·ZKÆŠ"ÃZsx»lgZzgZkÅgzbóóŒÛZgŠc*ìXñßsätZ½kLLZDwZzgÎcxóóÆaçLzgt6,Šg`Hì:
LLZsòŠ*ÆMk0*kZ·ZKÅßg]~�*ZOŠ~Š/HYg;ìZkÐZsxÆlgZzgZkÅZÝgzbÆ!*g}~øg~M@ÁYãeÂXóóZÝ!*]QtŠ~ˆìXZDw»|xz{7�gZóäÒyHìX
354
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
ŒV(tzòtÉZDw»Z½kŠg`HY@*ì:"The Great European war bringing in its wake the
awakening of Turkey --- the element of stability in the
world of Islam --- as a French writer has recently
described her, and the new economic experiment tried
in the neighbourhood of Muslim Asia, must open our
eyes to the inner meaning and destiny of Islam.
Humanity needs three things today --- a spiritual
interpretation of the universe, spiritual emancipation
of the individual, and basic principals of a universal
import directing the evolution of human society on a
spiritnul basis.39
ZkZ½k»F,ÀøDfsì:LL-g\Å85ë EE
YLxTäF,ÅÔª¬ÅêLZsxÆLF,+K~6āZq-�ÛZúZ3ÿXL¯ä–ìËZg~ÅØŠzhZŠ~ìÔdBZz{*çÙŠ/�ZsòZ¨ÆjZà~HŠHÔtŠzâV!*'
Z+÷XÆ&4øFGILÃ…p[™¢8ecāZsx»pzA
ZzgZkżk,°Z"HìX¬ÅêLZKãÃM`&qzVÅ¢zg]ìX»Ñ]ÅgzqãÔ�ÛŠ»gzqãZ]mZzgz{ãCŠ~
ZßwXÅâάKƒZzgXÐZKãçÑ}»Zg»gzqã04 Z‚k6,ƒ@*gìXóó
ZDwä85ë EEY
LxZÍwZzgZ·ZÅgzkÆZOŠ~Š"»f™Zq-‚BHìZzgZsx»pzAZzgZkżk,ŒäÆaX&qzV»f™Hìz{÷�ÛŠÅgzqãMiZŠ~ÔZKãçÑ}»gzqãZg»Zzg»Ñ]Ågzqã¨XZ·ZÅgzkZÏgzq+M»”GìZzg·ðgZóäZK%"ìGOE™Š{Â[Æ7Â~LLZZyóó„ÃiuàðìXŒÛMÈœ~ZZyZzg¿6,!*g!*gizg
454
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Šc*ŠHìXZÍiZZy6,ZzgU*3¿6,@*ā¿ZZyÅgzÝ~ƒX‘Õä O)ZDwä̸HìXtz{£xì˜VZ·ZKZzgZsòZ·ZK»gZ3ZsxZzgZDwÐ].ZƒY@*ìXLLh]óó~ZDwäZC!í�ZyZÖp~ÒyHì:
"Neither the technique of medieval mysticism, nor
nationalism, nor atheistic socialism can cure the ills of
a despairing humanity."41
ZDwäzZãîg6,JZ:Z·ZKÃgŠ™Šc*ìZzgZ·ZK±âg±h4ïGGJZ:„ƒCìp0*Îy~Zq-ŠZÄëg&ëEYLi}wc*ŠHXLLZDw
Ô ZzgÎcxóóÆ£!ógzV)pZz·i™c*Ô6,zW·¢yÔцZÔÔ³m,Z£·(g÷Zzg·ðgZó(»!í�tìāZDw"—JZ:Z·ZK»#³ìpz{ZsòÎcx»‘Ðê M',ŠZgìXpZz·i™c*ˆ~Zk!í�Ð
цZÔÆK~6,zWz‡gx˜÷āÑ™r# 24 Š„',ŠZgƒ‰XÔ ³m,Z£ 34 »ZDwÃLL›ÎœóóÈŠb�¶ÒyÆÎZ¼Zzg7X
6,zW·¢yÔ·(g÷Zzg·ðgZóÃZsòÎcxÆÃt‚i¹YYìXgZóäZK%"ìGOE™Š{Â[LLZDwZzgÎcxóóÆuzgt6,tÃgñÑÌŠg`Hì:!*Ÿix+}.Z=Zsx
7777tÃgñÑu�ÛZ1jóÆ**xZDwÆZq-¯[ÐZ~.HŠHìXZkâ~ZDwä–ìāLLZ¤/!*Ÿix~}.ZÅ�»ZŒÛZg÷ác*YñÂ!*ŸixZsxƹ„ŒÛd$MY@*ìXZka~z:ƒVÇZ¤/Ë
›Z·ZYVÃZq- 44 iâä~ZsxgzkÃ_.[™ác*gzkZsxÃXóóÃgñÑecåOçZ,VäZÐqÝ™1p)Z·ZÅ|Z]äÌZy
ÓVÆ:©6,Ô(tzòtÆÚø~Ôoƒg7HXZkâ»ZÝñçqy~›âV»wìXZDwZkÆfg)Zôm,xZâVÊZg
554
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
™D÷āZ¤/Z,VäZMZgyzZÒe$ÆjZᙊc*ÂZ¨Æ›ygzÏZ·ZKÅMl~−Yä6,6gƒVÐZzgt!*]',¤6Æ¢Š~7ƒÏXZkK~āgzÏZ·ZÅÂxÅãCŠZÒŠì�Zq-tãCŠìZzgÃðÂxZÒŠÅãCŠ6,‡ì7g{YÔZDwµ™D÷āqÑ]©w6,MYäƈgz±VÃZLÂxŵãCŠl™**ƒÏZzg:
LLaèL!*Ÿixì}.Zó½ãZsxÆzì=À:ƒÇZ¤/z‰Ü¦/gä6,Zsxgzk6,YYñc*gzkZsx6,X÷}4,Šq-
³¹uJ-Zk!*]6,«ìā6Š2g~y~›âVÃ54 HwŠ~YCìXóó
tZq-?Š–¶āZ¤/›âV6,yzîVÙHŠHÂz{gzkÆ‚BïYNÐZzgZkÐ',¤6Æ¢ŠZ]ÃiuãÏX‰!*'Š?âo¯äÆaèˆ÷@*ëtzZãìāZDwJZ:Z·ZKÃJw7™
gìZzgZ¤/Zk~}.Z»${ðG
Og÷ác*YñÂ!*Ÿix‡ì7g{YXZkÅãCŠ¾qwÑŠ´ìZzgãCŠUŠ¶Ðqg]¤/YCìXtZkâ»ÇÚøìXOçbâ{ÔZkK~ÔZq-ô°ÆZ§g6,ZDwäz„!í�7H�42�y3291YÆÒy~媌ÛMyä¸òZzg!Æ!*[~Šgxã
ZDwZOŠ~)bÆiÆa!*g!*gZsxZzg 64 gZÓZ(g™äŽŠ~ìXŒÛMy»**xfe÷ZzgLLZsòÎcxóóÅF,I}ZEw7ÅXLLZsòZ·ZKóó~ZëÂLLZ·ZKóóìXZsx¡‚—ìZzgZsxÅtwZDw—ÃðËZgf‚›yJw7™YXZkK~Z}Æ',z„˜÷:
LLZkZ˜bÃJw™äZzggzZ`Š¶Æpt÷āZsxøg})bÆiZzgi0+ÏÅ:™eZkaëZkÆOñLLZsîÎcxóóÃZ(g™gì÷'�¿M`Zsò
654
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Z·ZKÆ${ðG
OgÃJw™g;ìÔz{ÀZsxÅMzZi6,»yŠOäÆOñÎcxÅMzZiŧsÂzŠ}ÇÔZkaāZsò
Z·ZKÅF,I~ZÝÂLLZ·ZKóóìXZsxÅwÂ74 ¡Zq-Âr3§öG
EßÅìXóó
u�ÛZ÷jóÆ**x[03�Ñð1391YÃLLÎwZhT~¦/óó~÷áùƒZXZŒ',kLLYzh+**)óó©¬x6,Mc*XZk~‘Õä O)ZDwäCKZzg
Z·ZKŠzâVÃÔzZãîg6,gŠ™Šc*XLLZ·ZKzCKóóÆi%æGLÄZy¬È~Z·ZK6,WìÔŠzu}~CK6,ZzgŠ}~ŠzâV6,XŠ}ÈÆŠzÄŒVŠg`KYD÷:
CÙŠzm,ŠZV**ÙkÔMŠx�Ûd$! CÙŠzgZYV**ògz**›84 CÙŠzgZ@gz×z@*gq-Šw! ¾tŠh+xCÙŠzgZŠgM[zÉ
ZDwÃZ·ZÅU*"$™äzZßVÆ0*kZk¢ƒ»g~ÅÃð@*zs7X³m,Z£˜÷āLL)wZ−+ZjãÅi!*ãZDwòäCKZzgZ·ZK6,Zq-‚BúHìXtZ+t¶�)wZ−+ZjãÐuiŠƒ$˶1ZÖpÂ
94 ¾qwZDwÆ÷ZzgZDwÃZk£x6,¦‡ÆZ²ZxÐ',~™**ÂìXóóèÃg{LLtóóÆK~ 05 ³m,Z£ä!*]¯äÅÃÒÅìpµ7X
‘Õä O)ZDwÔ)wZ−+ZjãÐ7g~§b5÷XLLX‹¬ÅêLŒÛMãóó)1XÜÄèMŠxÔ2XÓ#ÖèZÅ:ö XWÔ3XZgnoè}.Z„Ô4XÕ;.ç E
GLMZ„(ÌZjã„Åi!*ãÒyƒñ÷ZzgZk£x6,̳m,Z£ä�ÿ
Nîc*ìÔz{ìX˜÷āLL¬ÅêLŒÛMãÅŠzu~S¤Ó!ïGLZÞc*ZsòZ·ZÅ Šh+ã
LLX‹¬ÝŒÛMãóó~ZDwäZ·ZK»f™J- 15 »ªxìXóó /ge$7HZzgÜsP,]¬ZÐLLm,ŠZV**ÙkóóZzgLLMŠx�Ûd$óó¹ìXZ[ttÐ!*]ìāÓ!ïGLZÞÃÓ!ïGLZÞìÆOñLLZsòZ·ZÅ
754
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
/ge$óó¹YñZzgZk§bZDw»gZ·ZKÐ�hZYñXZ·ZKÅ_“:ZsxÐì:/ge$ÐXZ·ZKäZ’Z„Ð$+F,+
ZDwà 35 Z+M%e$�Ó!ïGLZÞÅ¡ìX 25 M%e$ÅZ(g™à¶XZsòZ·ZK»qòU*"$™**ZzgZDwÆjZáÐ:!*Ÿix+}.Z=Zsx»çzä™**ZDw6,ßZ²ZxÎ**ìX¯ÄZDwÆjZáÐ�çàCìz{ì:
®Ð*î0ƒ40îGOEÌZÏ®Í/õG6,ŒìX 45 ©+g‚ª=ZsxX8888
LL!*Áƒsóó)5391Y(ʼnàâ]ÃÌLLZsòZ·ZKóózZßVäZ·ZK»Y)zc*ìXцZÔäLL�ÛâÈ}.ZóóÃñêF‘
³m,Z£Æ4,Šq-tLLZzƒgzk» 55 )Z·ZÅšg(»è][ŒÛZgŠc*ìXZÏÄÅãCŠ6,Ýxg!*ã³m,äZDwߊIZz!)®)» 65 �ÛâyìXóó
�ÛŠŒÛZgŠc*ìX²ZyÆ4,Šq-šLL*zM¢ÐŠ*~Zz[Ñ**eLÆK~цZÔä– óó ]øŸûø…ûšöÖô³×#³³äô LL !*ÁƒsÅZq-ZzgÄ 75 åXóó
³m,Z£É 85 ìāLL‘Õä O)ZDwi}ÆçA~ò!Ƈb¸Xóó‰Šzu}™xy»Ì¸!í�ìXLLšX}.ZÆ—g~óóZzgLL�Û¤V»ŒóóÆe~ÌŠNñ”5Vň÷X}ZkÄ:�CÙi0+ÏìG�8çXLGìpŠ~&M{āìt"3üGGEL!6,ŠÏ!*xZÌ!Xгm,Z£ät|xZ~.HìāLLZÌJ-pŠ~6,Z·ZK»Z$‹5é E
Et7ƒeìXóóZ·ZKpŠ~6,ù;ƒ$Ëì²Z·ZŃ~ZÐZŠ~MiZŠ~
}YCìZzgpŠ~»ø7**kƒY@*ìXt!í�ÌŠg„7āZDwi}»|xtìāi}}.ZÅ óó ]øŸûø…ûšöÖô×#äô LL ÆçA~ò!Ƈb¸X
!ìXZkÐZ¤/Ãð!*]U*"$ƒCìÂz{tìāZDwY�ŠZg~ÂxÆÜs¸XZDwät}7–āi}¸ò!~ƒãecÉZk
854
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Æ',@ZDwi}Ågc*4!êÓ:ÃtCD÷XZDwäº[ZÔ~Zq-½k,ÆŠzgZy¹:
LLZgZèÆâD6,ZkZßwÆ°xZ:t»�ZiÇìZkªÓ:Ãb~ˆlHY@*ìTÅgzÐÓxi¥gc*„Å!ƒC÷X:Âyz*yÆ’<å XLP~Zzg:mŠzg~ÔxZyäL!�!»ŠúòH'Zka÷~¦/Zglìā‘õw
Z¤/tÃtLËo~gZòÌg;ƒÔZk�,œ~~ZÐ95 ',ŒÛZg7g3YYXóó
tÕìā»“»gÐZkÅi}áàYñZzgz{'׊zgÅwÐÔËÅâá~ÔZÏi}6,»x™}XZDwÆ4,Šq-T§bLLZsxuâñÅ]ÃçÙÂxÐ{g`7™@*É¡‹ZKã6,Zq-rÃeZs
Zϧbt!*]ÌZKã¡]»»Ÿìāi} 06 ƒñZЇìg‚rìXóó‚yÅZKƒZzgz{p[œ™Æp[aZzZgqÝ™}XZ·ZÅgzk~gLiŒZgzVÐÌi}áàˆXtZŠZxªÓ:åX*ÂxaZzZg~¶»:L¯Zzg(,Z‡&ÿEL»“gKgppÆ!*z�ŠZ·ZÅgzknxŠgMæ™@*g;XæÜÅZsògc*„äi}ÃòAs~71åXZsxÜsŒÛMy„~7ZÎÒgÎwå~ÌìX‘Õä O)ZDwÐZq-)Zsò!í�™[™**OñpŠ&CÿLÃìXZDwY�ŠZg~»{Ø™Æi}»“»gzVÅAs~ŠbeT÷X»“»gzVZzggLiŒZgzVÐi}á™u»g~As~
16 ŠbZKã¡]ZzgZsxŠzâVÆo°ìXLL�ÛâÈ}.ZóóÆ!*g}~цZÔätÌ–ìāZk»gzÏ
i!*y~¸W,F,ÀšÆ‚t7HY@*Âz{ZÐÎZÑZòZ·ZK»F,Z:¯ŠêXÎWÅ!*]tìā}.Z»�ÛâyZzgz{Ì�Û¤VÐÔZ·ZK»F,Z:
954
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
ùáC²Z·ZK}.ZZzg�Û¤V»Zïg™CìXeZËÑøÎa™r7,ZāLLJšÃZk~tñÃM@*āZk~}.Zt�xZL�Û¤VÊ}g;ì
ZzgZkÆ4,Šq-z�Š:}.Z»ì:�Û¤V»Xz{HāHZ\kìā}.ZŠÔ126 ZKyŠz„Zz!½ÃÌŠ*Âø]Æ‚vV~eJÑŠHìXóó
LL�ÛâÈ}.ZóóÃZ·ZÅÑÇ¿»è][ŒÛZgŠbc*Zz[ègzk»�Ûây${ðG
Og™**²7g~Ä~ 36 Ì
&CÿLOÃìXÄƉ^´Z·ZKÅÔ™D÷X¼MÐ^™eZËÑäÌZkÄÃLLZsò 46 Ãð!*])Zsò7ìX
ZDwÆ4,Šq-gzkLLÑóóÅ2w6,åXZkä 56 Zz[»�xóóŒÛZgŠc*ìX®Òk5éGÔY�ŠZg~ZzguâtŠZg~»{ØHXZyZŠZâ]ÅZDwädÅp
tªCÙìāZÆäOJ-î»È 66 ZjãÅi!*yÐgzkÃLLZÆäOóó»�xÌŠc*X~ZsxÃZ(g™**ìX
&VÆe~«ÄLLš)}.ZÆ—g~(óó'Šzu~LL�Û¤V»ŒóóZzgŠ~LL�ÛâÈ}.ZóóìX«ÄÆK~6,zW·¢y˜÷āLLf[ÅuâtŠZg�d$Æ!*g}~šZzgZDwÆ!í�~»ïëM°0*ðYCìXLL“ez"Çuât6,4»‰óóÅMgizZzg™¬~ZDwZzg
t!*]Šg„ìp7g}îg6,7XZDw» 76 šS¤ÐëâZ÷Xóóî!í�ZyÅ÷á²~Æ´z{�ÂtgÄ™³™**ecXtzŸs#ƒ_ìāZDwuâñÅ]лxheÆh~÷pZÐZܹuzŠ»0*ȯD÷X´z{Zi,ZkÄ~ZDw»${ð
GOgÂ7g~§bā{¤/ìpšÃ}.Z
Æ—g9Z™ÆZDwäJšÃ1äΊc*ìXZ·ZKÆZq-qògZ+g**BæZä9tØqÆ‚B–ìāLLZDwä¬ÅêLìw~ZkÅgzbÃÔZL${ð
GOgZ]ÅiîzV~Ô!*0+JZzg}.ZÆ—g~7™Æâœ{6,4ZzgZÒŠÆ
86 amg]™ZðX¥x7¾d$ÆkH{�̉c*7Xóó
064
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
�ßvZDwÃZ·ZÅŠ3**eT÷LL!*ÁƒsóóÆZkÄ:iâÄ»gZ¤/'׊zgÆ;ðV~ƒQH&§$þGLÃ3½è XME~Ìz„.÷6,zm,~!Ð6,.ygì÷ZzgZkÅŠzgZi»g@*zfÅ÷X³m,Z£˜÷āZkÐ
·(g÷ 96 6,zmg~Ó#Ö%ZŠ7XZàyÅz0*gKŧsZ÷ág{ìXpŠzu}Z·ZÅZk!í�Ã7 07 äZÏ!*]ü,ÐÒyHìX
â…XZº@gZñ7g~ÅtgZñ܃_ìāLLZDw'׊zgzVÅÓ#ÖÃPZVI7™@*XóóuŠZgQ~Æ–wZDwZz[ÅŠú]ÌŠï÷Zzg
17 Zz[Ð<ÍZDÌ÷XLL<ÍZ?ØóóÆK~¸ÄÜHìXLLZz[óóÐ%ZŠªCÙìāgzÏZ·ZÅZz[ìX
9999�Ñð6391Y~LL¢ƒæóó©¬x6,MðZzgZÆ',6391Y~LLš~
:p!*h+™ŠZ}ZZxÑtóó÷áùƒðXLL¢[èæóó~Z·ZKÆjZáмŠàâ]÷XèÃg{š~~ÌZk»E+™{ìX6391Y„~pZzÝxZÅk5åGO+Æ**xZq-â~ZDwäZkñçq6,ZÖ§ìwHåXZkâÆZq-Z½kÃ
Z·ZYVä!*g!*gÜHìX7391Y~ZDwä·Z»bZzgMwZ£uzgÆ**xZq-Zq-â~Zkñçq6,ZÖ§ìwHìXZDwÃZ·ZŪCÙ™äzZßVäZDwƯ[¯x»b»¹leHìXMwZ£uzgÆ**xâÃÃZ0+ZiHìXZy™xy»§$þGL»gtìāZDwÅ÷á²~c*�ÆZÏ{Њpgnp÷T~gzkÔâg¾c*Z·ZK»f™ƒZzgZk{Åðâã@*zs™ÆZDwÃZ·ZKc*ZsòZ·ZK»qòU*"$™D÷X}LLÎóó
ÂïYñÂZkÐÌ»xïwfe÷XZDwƯÄÄz�6,YìÃeZÜ »Z¹ZLÑÆaµŠ3ðŠêìÔZkaZkГ÷XLLKèŒÛ\óóLLfztzØtóóZzgLL‚¹**)óó!*ÁƒsÅ4+>÷pZ·ZYVÃZyÐ
164
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
Ãðuz»g7X7g~LL!*ÁƒsóóHÍZ„ŠîìZkÐZ¹Ãð¾n7XÜZZyZ�Ûzi>÷ XX Ÿø]ôÖF³³äø]ôŸùø]Ö×#³ä LL¢ƒæóóÅZ’Z„~LLðóóZzg
pz{Z¹Ã7M'XZyÅó÷LgzkóZzgLZ·ZKóÃl™C÷Zzg»yL»gwâg¾ÅMzZióú7eT÷X‘Õä O)ZDwä˜V}Z·ZKÃzZãîg6,gŠHìÔZkÅ@*zse:ƒÂÀ˜ZÐÃZ0+Zi™Šï÷X
LL¢ƒæóó~LL((‹ætzf[óóÆ�&àâ]ÆÄZ**]÷ÔLZ·ZKó'L»gwâg¾ÅMzZióZzgL!*Ÿq-gzkóÄ>ZyLLZ·ZKóó»My~Äì:�w½¡ÿ
GNLZÅš©ðEN~7æ{ìZ[J-&ZkŠzg~÷áh+z{|ƒ%ŠZgX6,zW·¢yZzg·(g÷ä–ìāLL¡ÿ
GNLZÅš©ðENóóÆāZ]ŧsZkuJ-!*]Šg„ì@*ëZkÐt 27 ZDwÅÂzZzƒgzkƈƒðX
U*"$7ƒ@*āZDwZ·ZKÅ×e$™gì÷c*ZÐZsòŒÛZgŠ}gì÷XZDw»IìāLLŒÛMyˆZyƒ›ë»Yìì�øg}ZŠgZu~M`÷ZzgZy»ÌX»ZŠgZu!*¹ìXpZ{t›ë’ÏÅi!*yÐZŠZƒVÔpZ{šÅX›ë¾qw›ë÷XZyÃKÅT§bÌÃÒÅYñZK(6,
37 ÇìXÑìZk»'ZzgJw™**XóóZDwÆ4,Šq-ƒ›ë»YìŒÛMyˆìXZ·ZKÆÚø
ZzgŒÛMy„~©iy 47 ~ZDwäŒÛMy„ÅZq-½Å§sÂzŠÑðìXƒäÅÔ:āZ·ZK~ÔS™D÷XøDfsÄZÏÄ»ì:
ŒÛMy~ƒ¨©iyZ}%››VZv™}�ë7åEO‹™ŠZg
LL»gwâg¾ÅMzZióó~Z3ÿXLf[6,WìZzgZDwZkÐ5÷XZDw»f‚îZzgMùìZzg7g~Š*6,ZyÅÃìXZkÄ~ZDwä
@*ëZk»tÈ 57 uâtŠZgzVÆŠzªƒÆNzVÃ@½W¯c*ìX
264
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
7āZDwuâtŠZgZ:NzVÆ£«~âgËZOŠ~ÂxÅ×e$™gì÷XZDwZsòZOŠ~ÂxƆ¸ZzgZkÐLŠ„',ŠZg7ƒñXÄ>ZyLL!*Ÿq-gzkóó~quÿLÄ8iïELfsÄì:
tzkŠCÙ"ìGGLgzk6,ƒð**iwāÂheZwGÇVÆÑ]zo]!
tŠCÙ"ìGGLgzk»t™ŠZgåZzgZDwZkÐ5÷ZzgZÐÑÅ2wCD÷X@*ëZÆä OÅ2wÆaÚZÜZg™D÷ZzgZ·ZÅgzkÊZg™D÷āSÆäOÐ[:g�Åßg]~Zk»{؃YñÇXLL¢[èæóóÅÄ>ZyLLÑzZÆäOóóÆtZÃgÑ$þ
JLÂz÷:.›i0+Ï~Z’ZÑZ•ZÆäO\Äñ]ìZ#уZZÆäOÐ[:!z{IgzbTÅÑÐMÐ(,|7$Ë>YâƒZ_m,ZkI»e:!
LL:p!*h+™ŠZ}ZZÄÑtóó~LL7À.ïGL@óóZzgLL7À.ïGL�ÛúãóóƈóóÆi%æGLÄZyÄ~ZDwäQÑZzgZÆäO6,!©}ÿ
EOZÖ§ìwH Ÿø]ôÖF³³äø]ôŸù]Ö³×#³ä LLìXZDw»�xMNWŧb™sìp³m,Z£äZsòZ·ZK»è$aZ™äÆa–ì:
LL(ÏÕŠz§bŃ$ËìLL:p!*h+™Šóó~ZDwäf[ÅuâtŠZgZzg‚%ZY7À.ïGLiÃ7À.ïGL�ÛúãŒÛZgŠc*ìX
ZkÆ',@ZsòZ·ZKÅÕèi@ìXtzk',h~].h+Z·ZÅŠgzVňlZzgZyÅZ‚k6,ZsòZ·ZÅ
67 /ge$ÅZz[Z0ðìXóóL7À.ïGL@óZzgL7À.ïGL�Ûúãó 77 Zk’k,6,Ãðû{:™**„4ìX
364
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
ÆRuZgÒy™D÷XÄ~gzk»�g{mf™ Ÿø]ôÖF³³äø]ôŸù]Ö×#³ä ÆZDwìXZq-!*gZDw¸NQVD÷āZ·ZÅgzkLLÆHZ[óóÆ£x6,ú™g{ŠH첧]Zk£x6,gu7$ËÔZkaā»Ñ]LLSÆäOZvóóŧs7Šò
87 ™g„ìX00001111
‡Z+ZW·Z»bÆ**xZDwÆ[!ígQ82#7391YÆ8iïELfsZ½kÐLLZsòZ·ZKóó>ňì:
LL÷}f‚~t!*]™sìāZ¤/yz#ÖLLZ·ZÅ/ge$óóJw™@*ìÂQtyz#Ö7gLXZ%˜VJ-Zsx»mìLLZ·ZÅ/ge$óóÅËZ+ßg]ÃJw™**�ZsxƇâãZßßVÐëM}ƒÔÃðZz[:ƒÇÉZsxÅZÝ
97 0*ÀÏÅY+$ßUÆáZŠsƒÇXóótZ½kŠg`™ÆpZz·i™c*ä–åLLªZsò'Z+Ã$åOÃ
gnpƒñ…ZOŠ~eJ™Z(¯**7,}Ç�Z·ZKÐMPƒXZ\kZDwä,7Š~Zzg:„Zq-âZk»3ƒYåX÷áh+Z,Vät!*]ZOŠc*]ÆâCÙ+6,ghŠ~ƒXpHtÃtZsòÎcx»Ãt7?¥x¸ƒ@*ìZzgQHZ·ZKÆZOŠ~eJ‘Ã$åLÃgęԌÛMyÅgzÝ~Ô
ZkÐ4eJ™7¯c*YY?óóLL¥x¸ƒ@*ìóónÆZ0+ZièÒyЪCÙìā¡¾æ E
LZDw~ZsòZ·ZKÅÃðÇãCŠñ�Š7XLLZDwZzgZ·ZKóóÆi%æGLÄZyZLŠzu}*y~6,zWpZz·i™c*äZDw»‡Z+ZWÆ**xi%æGLï[7gZ
Ü™äÆ–ìā1zä›âVÃ�{yz*yÅ’q-~5äÆaZq-ÑÇ¿ðHX›úZxž"$Ã$åLOÃgÄ™ÎeāZ¤/Z¹ÎcxÆ
464
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
**x6,¹Yñā‚gZXZOŠ~ìÔèI7X›yZkŠZx~MYNÐXZkлôkÃÃZ+{ƒÇXZDwZk‚ilÃ@*h‰XOçZ,VäZq-§s·Z»bÃttg{Šc*ā¾d$›úZxÆZOŠ~)bÆiÆaÃð6,z¤/Zx7™,ZzgŠzu~§st–āÑŠ+Z·ZKÔ›âVÆa‡&ÿELJw7ìXZ%Zsx~ƒZOŠ~)b»iñ�ŠìX›âVÃZsxÆZOŠ~ÂxƃDƒñÔZ·ZKÅ¢zg]7ìZzg:…Z·ZKÐ{`ƒ**ecXZ·ZKÆZi$¹é EL]Zsx~¬Ðñ�Š÷XeZËpZz·i™c*'×h+˜÷āLLZDwä}ÌZsîÎcxÅZ˜b
ZEw7ÅXZkâ~Ì�°ÎcxZzgÎe_™+ÅZ˜²ZEwÅ08 ˆ÷X»F,ÀZsòZ·ZK7ƒYXóó
‘Õä O)ZDwÆZkâ»Zq-Z½kZyÆ!í�ÅzŸs#Æîg6,fs~Šg`HY@*ì:
LLZsò‡âyÆîszr_¬Æˆ~ZkË6,àƒVāZ¤/ZkÂćâyÃZh§b™™**ÇHYñÔÂCÙ¿ÆaÁZiÁ8þLçlôpƒY@*ìpÑ$šï GGLZsx»ÎfZzg
Zg»Zq-MiZŠ›gc*„c*gc*2VÆ%Zko~**e18 ìXóópZzÝxZÅk5åGO+Æ**xZDwÆâñgQ71ZÆ',6391YÆZq-Z,
{ÃZ·ZÅ|Z]Ü™D÷TÅ@*zsÐZyÅÑ',Zg~ƒnX·ðgZóätzÜHìXLL!*¹g;ÎcxÔÎZsxpŠZq-n»Îcx
·(g˜÷ 28 ìTЛy΂ÌäM`J-¹ÁÃZ+{QVc*ìXóóāLL].h+iâäÅÎZÑZò4C“~ZsxÅwÌZq-nÆÎcx
LLZq-n 38 ÅìX6āZ,VäpZzÝxZÅk5åGO+Æ**xZq-â~–Xóó
564
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
ÆÎcxóóÐZDwÅ%ZŠâgËc*gzÏÎcx7ìXèÃg{â7gZ‚tg3YñÂËè%ÅRö7gSXZDw˜÷:
LLÎcxÆ2sCÙ(gzq*]Æè<ØÆ#³÷ZzgZkÃZAy${ð
GOg™D÷XÂZAyZkK~ƒÐ¬
»gwâg¾äZEwHåX~›yƒVZzgZ¶KYZv›y%zVÇX÷}4,Šq-@*g+÷ G
ELZKãÅâœ~uZußìX
gzq+M»~‡bƒV1gzq+MÆŒÛMã|x»ÔTÅ=ô~äZy’k,zV~YOÅìZzgƒÐ(,|™ZkÃgÏš~~�kd$M\ÃAÏX�gzq+M÷}4,Šq-
ZAãpZmgBbìZkÅF,Šh+~äYOÅ !š{ï EEOEìªÎZsxpŠZq-n»ÎcxìÔTÐ ìX!*¹g;ÎcxÔ
48 ›y΂ÌäM`J-¹ÁÃZ+{QVc*ìXóóZDw^÷āz{›y÷XZ·ZÅ7÷X@*gõÅâŠ~Ã
uZußB÷Zzg»gwâg¾ÉZ·ZYVÃZsx»#³${ðG
Og™D÷XLLZq-§b»ÎcxóóZsxÆZ0+gì:ā!*CÙXâgËZ·ZKÐZk»Ãðm7XZÐLL¡ÿ
GNLZÅš©ðENóóÐŒYYìÔTЛyçÑ}ä¹ÁÃZ+{QVc*ìXM`Ì9ZsòçÑ{‡ìƒZzgZ3ÿXLW,z]~ÐÛßvÌ¡ÿGNLZÅš©ðENŽÃZCBÔ¬ÅêLZsxоR»{؃YñX¢¢ƒÂteìÔZÏaZsxä)ZzgZDwäÌ(¢6,¹izgŠc*ìXÞŠ]»gZiÌ¢ìXUyZ¤/LƒYì¡ÿ
GNLZÅš©ðEN6,¿cZ̃YìXZL¯[Ô¯xMwZ£uzgñgQ21âga7391YÔ~ZDw˜÷:LL÷}4,Šq-Ã\xÔñ4,xc*iâUqwÆZzgZixÃð|7gnpX÷}o}ÅgzÐÜsZsx„Zq-|ì
664
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
58 �µâqZKyÆaCÙ$©�î EG0ó{ÐñZ#�]ƒ$ËìXóó
11111111LLZgèÈsióó8391Y~ÔzËZDwÆÔ÷áùƒðXZk~÷áï
îsÄLLZ+Å&CÒø ELØgòóóÃ7LÔuâtŠZgZ:/ge$ÔZ·ZKZzgZsxÆ
M&4èJGEL9å !*g}~ZDwÆZ°g»vhìXZDwä‚g}ÂñVÃgŠ™ÆÜs
Å×e$ÅìpZ·ZYVäZkÄÐÌZLÈÆ$¹é EL]Z~.K÷X³m,Z£äLLYzh+**)óóÅÄLLZ·ZKzCKóó6,ZDwÅ”h+WÃZjãЙ[HpèÃg{ÄÆZkÄ:z{®Í-êGL"
+CÐöG
EOz{!o-
÷GL"Ç&–9zpŠg÷ŠZgŠÂ[!�Z+ÆŠ}āÅi!*ãZŠZƒZìÔZDwЙ[HìXÄÆ%œ/~ìwÃÃZ0+Zi™Æp[ñ”5Vň÷X³m,Z£˜÷
PœjäZkÄ 68 LL»gwâg¾ÅZkÐic*Š{°pZzgHƒ$ËìXóóů6,»gwâg¾ZzgZkÅÂ[LLuâtóóÆaZDwÅLLo]z›óó»f™
6,zW·¢y䬴ÅãCŠ6,âg¾ÃZ(9ŒÛZgŠc*ìX 78 HìX88 LLTŧsh¬\äƒsåÃ'¢zg~c*oƒìw7HXóó
‘Õä O)ZDw䊱V)›dÔZŠ!Ô(ÏZzggzqã†]ÅdÅìX¼Š†]Å°pÌÅZzgZy6,WÌÅXZy~»gwâg¾÷áïìXZDwâg¾ÅÜsd™DZzgÃ:™DÂÌZ·ZÅ:ƒYDX
HZk¯6,ZDw 98 LLgZxóóÅÜsdÅìXÉgZxÃLLlZ¼@Ze$óó¹ìXÃyz¹YYì?
·(g÷äeZËYzh+ZDwÆjZáÐZDwÃZsòÎcx»qò19 ²Yzh+ZDwäˆ~Zk$©�î EG
0ÃÅF,Šh+™Š~X 09 ŒÛZgŠc*ìX�ZCÙÑw1z˜÷āLLZKi0+ÏÆMy~',ÎV~ZDwÎcxÆ
¹ŒÛd$M‰¸XÎzf$-2ä�xF,¹Å¶ÔZkäZ¹¤/zh+{¯1
764
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
ZϧbÅgZñ».$zs\.-ôGä̪CÙÅìX1zZzg\.-ôGÆ 29 åXóóZ¤/ZDwÃZ·ZÅây1YñÔi0+Ï 39 cz»gzVäZyÅMgZÃ�g�7HìX
ÆÜsMy~{~ÌÔÂ${ðG
O§0*ÎyŵZzgœ„~ãCŠ!*¹7gSX¸�ZCÙÑw»ÑåXOçtŠúòÌHìāzÃ]ЬZDw${ð
GO§0*Îy
tŠzâV!í�1zÆ(Ï£œÐëM}÷ 49 Њ„',ŠZgƒ‰¸XpŠg„7÷X
\.-ôG»ŠúòìāZDwZ·ZŸZzgñê0*gKÆ6.3ð XEZ¸XZDwZkŠú}6,7gZ:QF,}ÂZLŠú}ÃßìÆOñ\.-ôGäZDwÃ1gjzZ¹ZzgF,¹IZ:)Z·ZÅ(ìÑ]ÅÔ»%>ŒÛZgŠc*XZq-£x6,–ìāZDw
\.-ôGÆŠú}„ŠÔ 59 ‚³Z·ZÅ7¸Z%ZܹÒpÐZ·ZŸXZq-ЊúòtHìāZDwƼŠz2VäÔ 69 ßZzgÐz¾d$÷X
ZyÅzÃ]м¬ÔZDwÃ!*zg™ZŠc*åāz{Z·ZKÃŒ7ÔOç÷áh+z{79 ZKÑd»ZiZ!™äÅ»g~™gì¸ā]ƒ‰X
�ZCÙÑw1zÔ».$zs\.-ôGZzgZyÆcz»gzV»t!í�ÜqßìāZDwMy~/~Z·ZKƹŒÛd$M‰¸c*ŒÛd$MäѸā¯]ƒ‰XZ·ZÅ|Z]ä',ÎVZDw(ËÅî`ðÔZk¯6,āz{Z·ZÅ7¸XZ¹âè6,„Zzg¦óƒäƤŠb‰XZiZVZDwÃ
Z·ZÅc*Z·ZKÆŒÛd$U*"$HYäÎXZDwäi0+ÏÆMy~M',ÎV~��xŠc*åz{Zq-„åpZ·ZYV»gÍt$+mg;XT§b£Ä
Yn~Zq-x|ìpZ0+Z¯Ã°z÷áò$+sgì÷XZ·ZÅËZq-y6,57÷XZÐZŠ~îg6,pŠZKF,Šh+M\ÌÅìXZuŠZgQ~ä1zÆ!í�Å@*GÆ!*z�ŠLLZ+Å
&CÒø ELØgòóóÆÚø~–ìāLLZDwZq-gzÏZ·ZÅäÔ�yz*yÆ(Ï 89 uâtŠZg~Ã5i0+Ï«™@*ìXóó
864
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
6zVÐzZ�7åÔ–ìāZDw¬Z·ZÅpMy/~)Z·Zщ¸X÷±÷]äZDwÆZz!ìÑ]ÃuZ;ìp!*ÆHytgZñªCÙÅì:
LLZDwäZKi0+ÏÆMy~Z&éGOx~pŠÃÍ�™1åZzgâ-Ïz**Qy~ƬÅê M~ÔZyÆZÃg~0*yZsèÅ
99 Zk1¦{„ŃZgìTÅZ‚kZyÆ${ðG
O§Š+6,ìXóó÷]ätÌ–ìāLLZDwÆZÙwƈ湘´Æ
ZŠÒ]ÙÎVZzgWógzVÅZq-¹(,~®ZŠZkË6,âāZDwÜs÷]ÆŠZ],{ÍZ„~Z·ZÅgzkÆ 001 è<ØèZsxÆ$åOZb¸Zzg'Xóó
ZŠd$ZzgÕŠ÷áï÷Ô2VäZDwÃZ·ZK»7Zsx»æZb¹ìXZDwäLLZuZgzgñióó~ŠzãCŠ~Ãc*]7K¸XÅZ,Vä
7g~i0+Ï‚zSÅXtÃc*]÷Zsò,ZzgZsòrXZ·ZKƒ ÆaŠzâVÃc*]‡&ÿELJw7XtÃc*]Z·ZKÅÔ™D÷XpŠ~
Æâjw~6,zZy7m|$ËXZsò,}.ZðÌ]ÐnƒCì³m,Z£ ²Z·ZK}.ZÅ”GìXZDw»${ð
GO§$Òï OGÌZ·ZKÃJw7X
˜÷āLLyz*yÅZkà)®)›âVÃ].ZÇ:x7ÔZ%uu~Zk 101 òâVÔ�ÉVÔºçVÔXCVz){Ã].ZÇ:$454è GOGGt™CìXóó
!í�ÃtZzgZDwÃZ·ZÅ${ðG
OgHYñÂZDw»(Ï»g**)LL${ðG
Ogè0*Îyóói}1kƒY@*ìXZkÐìwHYYìā1zÅó÷¹VЃð‰X
${ðG
O§rc*c¶î0Š+zzíÔ§‹ZDw»My~cāå�ZyÅzÃ]ÐP‹¸Z!x5+k,ƒZXZkŠzgZyZDwäzŸs#ÅāLLZsx343ï XJGGLZ½ÜZK6ÆËZzgMMÐgZè**)c*õ@*™äûg7XÉZk
ZDw 201 Z%»Z´y™@*ìāCÙŠ2gZÅ™)ÿ�)ZsòƒÔ**ëwz%ŠzŠìXóó
964
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
äZÏãCŠ6,ZsxÆâÎZ]ZiñVÃgœHXZ(z{i0+Ͻ™DgìXJ†g~8391YÃÔZKzÃ]Ð&egâ{¬ÔZDwä‚ÁâÆ�x~̸HXZk�x~ZDwä¹:
LLŠz§q¢Ã[ExZzg‚bÅ"VwF,¹6,(,ZõìXtõšµY,ìXM`iâyzkyÅzÚƒg„÷XZKyäZuZ§¡]â™äZzgZyлxheÆe~ª]Z0»x!qÝÅìXpZyÓxF,¶VÆ!*z�ŠZEgä/ge$ÔqxÔñ4,xÔÃ\xZzg}.ZYäHHÕ[Zzh|gÇ÷XZyÕ1VÅMh~ÔŠ*½~ÔŠgè:æOe$ZzgѽZK+MÅZ+諃g„ìā@*g+÷ GEL¬Ý»@*gq-Ð@*gq-™Ì
301 ZkÅVw77™YXóóZDwäZk�x~ZsxÆÎZ‚g}ZiñVÚŠHìXZL*yLL'Z5ðuŠzZzg›yóó~ÌZ(„HìXZKÄ>ZyLLZ+Å &CÒø ELØgòóó~ÌZ(„HìXtÒyÔt*yZzgtÄZDwÅi0+ÏÆMy~',kŶK*V÷XZyÅñ�ŠÏ~�ZCÙÑw1zÅZkgZñÐùZ·tHYYìāZKi0+ÏÆMy~',ÎV~ZDwÎcxƹŒÛd$M‰¸X».$zs\.-ôG»tIāZDwƼŠz2VäZ¹!*zg™ZŠc*åāz{Z·ZKÃŒ7Zzgz{ZKÑd»ZiZ!™äÅ»g~™gì¸ā]ƒ‰ÔZq-Z(ŠúòìT»Z®g=ŠIÆÒy6,ìX=ŠI˜÷:
LL÷áh+~äZyйLøg~Ã~¸xÅÝòÔÎZÑZòkBÔœíVƪÓ:Z¡w»´`ñ�Š{Šzg~ZkÆ´z{Zzg¼7ìpZ,V)ZDw(䉣â]6,ZL¯x~Z·ZÅÃt6,ßNìÅìXpŠZyÅMiZŠ~pZ„Zzg
074
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZKyâZi~Åy…ÎcxŧsáYCìZzgøg~Ã~â»ZKãÅñ�Š{Zg»Å2wz„ìX~ä¹āâ�ZyF,¹IZŠ'V»¤/z{Zk6Ãbл°OW,ìXz{(,~ÂzZzg¤ÏÐ÷~!*'FggìXÉ=¥xƒ@*åāz{Zk§bÅ!*ÂVÆa÷~ÈZ‚ÛZð�Ûâgì÷XQZ,Vä¹LL@*|äíÐF,¹I’q-Æ0ŠzZq-!*g!*'ʼn
Zzg=ZkÐ(,~Špƒðì'eìÎcxÆK~íÐtƒðƒ'!*]tìā~äZkÆ0»°7,JÌ7ìX~ä@*|йåāz{Zkñçq6,=RÂÁŠ,XZ,Väz°{HåpZÌJ-7gZ7H'÷Z
$©�î EG0ÃM\Y…÷XªCÙìā=F,¹IZŠ[c*Îcx’q-
401 Æ‚BgŠ~ìXM\ßvíÐXgcXóó=ŠIÆ–wZDwäÎcx6,ßNìŶZkaāZDwÐ
ÎcxÃK~tƒðZzg@*|äZ¹Îcx6,RÂÁÔz°{™ÆÔ½:XXz‰Üä�¼U*"$Hìz{ÂtìāZDwäÎcxÃK~t7Å
8-öGOWāZyÅ3291YzZà7ÍðÌŠg„U*"$ƒðXÎcxÃZDwä=ŠI
É]Z·ZYVÐ4ŒåXMiZŠ~pZ„ZzgZKyâZi~ÃÎcxÆZz™s'=ŠIÅß.ìXZk»|ÐÃðm7ìXZDwä
'׊zgâZi~ÆjZáÐÎcx~Špà¶pLL§$þGLÃ3½è XE~Ìz„.ů6,z{ZkÐâ-k̃‰¸X=ŠIâ»ZKãÆñ�Š{ ÷6,zm,~óó
Zg»Å2wÎcxCgì÷X²pŠZ·ZÅgzkäÔZkZg»ÐŠ„',ŠZgƒ™ÔMiZŠr~Ã2w¯1ìXtìwZq-Gz£ìāZ¤/@*|ZDwÃ!540î EGOERý™ŠïÂz{Z·ZKÐŒÛd$ZzgZsxЊzgƒYDXt¹ãZDw
174
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
u⛄zÃøg]™äÆa»°7ìX2Z¤/Zsò ÆÓxF,z¯Îœz°{Ü°™YìÂåÎœßÒãÌ™YìX{gYØZ@=ŠIÆÒyÆÂ}7™DXÒyÆŠZ½ØZ@ÌZÐ$zg¯D÷X=ŠI˜÷āLL÷áh+~äZyйóóLL÷áh+ÆZEwЪCÙìāZ¹ZLÒyÆwsdsŠg„ƒä»¢7ìXZ¤/ZDwät¹ÌāLLeì
!*]ìX (modest) ÎcxÆK~íÐtƒðƒXóóÂtÜsZq-7Z:¾qwZq-Z·ZÅÆ$zg2‡uÒyÃãCŠ¯™Šzu}Z·ZÅ»tŠúòā
LLZDwƼŠz2VäZDwÅzÃ]м¬ZDwÃ!*zg™ZŠc*åāz{Z·ZKÃŒ7ÔOç÷áh+z{ZKÑd»ZiZ!™äÅ»g~™gì¸ā]ƒ
‰XóódR6,‡&ÿELJw7ìX=ŠIÅ’k,~ZDwƉŠz2V»7ÉÜsZq-Šz„Ô
eZË@*|Ô»f™ìZzgeZË@*|c*pŠ=ŠIÔ�ZDwÆŠz„7ÔZDwü!*zg7™ZnXeZË@*|äÔZñZµ6,ÔZDwÆ!*g}~�¼–ìZkÐ=ŠIÆÒyÅÂ}7ƒCXZ·ZKÐzZÕÅ$+zª
eZË@*|äZDwÃZsòÎœŒÛZgŠ}™7Òû ELƒaZHT6,~**BMiZŠt!*]‡&ÿELf™ìāLLZsòÎcxóóÆÈ}Ðsà 501 ä÷{û{HìX
eZË·Š+@*|ä‘Õä O)ZDw„Æ!í�ÃxZzgRŒZzgZ·ZKÅè!ï OG~ZDwÆ‚BëâZðÅX@*|ZL*y>ZyLLZDw»(ÏÂxóó~˜÷:
LLZDwÅYzŠZ+Mz„ì�ŒÛMyÅYzŠZ+MìYè¯ÄZDw$©n.ç
GEGL¯ÄZÅ:ö XWì'Z·ZŃVc*f!uâtŠZgZy»q›Ç�ùìXZy»è<Ø�n{ì!Z·ZYVZzguâtŠZgzV~
~ Z¤/Z%sìŠzªÅ„Æ0ìXŠzªÆs
274
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ŠzâVëM}÷'CKÌù7YìZzgZ·ZKÌù7Yì'ZDwZk!*]ÐplìāZ·ZYVäuâtŠZgZ:CKÃ$zg™Šc*ìXZq-âœ~’q-äŠzu~âœ~’q-ДàìZzg!*Š÷á>ØÆ"$ÃÂheZÑìpt"$ÑZ!Åu
601 J-ìÔ¡ÔìXZÑZvŵMzZi7XtZÝßg‹qwìX=ŠIZzg».$zs\.-ôGäd›ëÃßÒEV
Ð*™äÅÃÒÅìX¸zzìā~**BMiZŠä:Üs\.-ôGÉ�ZCÙÑw1zÆZk!í�ÅÌF,Šh+ÅìāZDwi0+ÏÆMy~',ÎV~ÎcxÆ
701 ŒÛd$M‰¸X
374
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
ZDwÆ_¬ÆÚøZ]Ô™6 1XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZD1CY,}ÔeZËg<Z−+;×Ô,]17Ô561 2X3XF,¹I!{3¨4è
EEGEÔ™611 4X
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZD1]»_·Ô™796@*613 5XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZD1CY,}Ô™17 6X7XZDwXYŠz¤/y~5,ZŠÔ,]901X011 8Xà‹ZDwZgŠzÔ™556 9X
ZsxZzgZ·ZKÆÚø~tć&ÿELÂzì: 01X™@*ìŠzªÃCÙMߊÏÐ0*uz™s!3™.ðE
VÃâwzŠzª»¯@*ìZ~£Ñ‹ZDwÔ,]68Ô381 11X21XF,¹IZŠ[ÔuŠZgQ~Ô™811 31X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔè¹ZDwÔ%"0î GOEg<Z−+;×Ô,]351X451Ô®!i 41XÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔò!!*¹X\ÄætÔÄ»|xtìā~¾z*VZzgázcÅMgizg‚rƒVX÷}‚B:Mā~Ýè_2.ç IEOGñ»�c*ƒVXZDwYŠz¤/y~5,ZŠÔ,]601X701 51XZDw5úÔ™653 61XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwZzgÎcxÔ%"0î GOE·ðgZóÔ™23 71X-ŠÐ²˜÷āLLN7āgzk~xZSyZz[)Mëƒ@*i{( 81Xgzúƒ[ì:“J-6,ZäZzg�ÛΊ{§hV)iŒZg~ÔY�ŠZg~ÔuâtŠZg~ZzgCK(ÆŒÇ@*gìÇX~Npl~‹@*ƒVā'׊zgzVäiZ§gzk»®Q«Šc*XMy0MŠx)'׊zg¡(M‚öŠE~)¼A(Æa“J-gzCgS?)Ñ—!*&ëEYLŠgZÔ™205(
474
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ñÑ**ÝxgÎw$äZzƒgzkÆE+™}ZzgjZáФ/m,HìX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:_ÅïEL!*&ëEYLŠgZÔ™813(£Ñ‹ZDwÔ,]78X381 91X02XZkiâä~gzkÅZOŠ~F,¹Æ(,}ld¸pß6,z"}6,FF 12X
¸XZÝßg‹qwzZãƒðŠ*Ãè`āgzkuâtŠZgZ:ÂxgppzZᘴÅÚZOŠ~F,¹ÆZ±gÐúg{ŠHìX‘ÕäO)ZDw»Zq-Äì: 22X
)!*ÁƒsÔ™801(™8ïEL‚iÃÑixìā¸…:gìÇìÇìßM}̃@*ìuzl
tZÃgŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG: 32Xg*zr3û E
ELI¡ìætÅ�]Z¨zZá÷ZkbÐZ[J-"Q(„gh™ŠZ4y§Š,~ƒozŠzªì�8©ûEELwx»Zux
�gVwÔZq-ÈÆÔ&ZÃgÜKYD÷: 42XtƒH÷?�Zu&½0î EG0ZZVÅ‚, zÑe$0*Š÷á„‘ÐêLZâŘ$~v.gZ}o{Š*VJ÷¡]űk,, '-.ç
GGELÈ{zM‡Y›MŠèì
˜›i0+Çã~÷t'ç MŠzVÅc, >œÔ¿øÔ›Ã+÷GL¬Ý
!*ÁƒsÔ™43 52Xñ±šz„z@D\Äæt 62X!*ÁƒsÔ™26 72X2+§Zº@gZñ7g~ÔLLZ°góó»{m�Ô™033 82XLL§&Ã3½è XE~Ìz„.÷6,zm,~óóÆ‚B„ZDwä¹ì: 92X
°Á0*Š÷ᄃā/g~Ó÷áƒ].ZƒŠ,(„ÐÂg{YCì5ä~
;×Ô Z−+ Š&ÀŸ/õ GG)1(%§ZDwÔ%"0î GOE·g=ZaÔ,]6@*8)2(è¹ZDw%"0î GOEg< 03X,]551@*751)3(à]èk"3ïGGELZDwÔ¢ŠzxÔ,]354@*754
ZDwXYŠz¤/y~5,ZŠÔ,]201@*501 13X23X574
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
ZD1CY,}Ô,]291X391 33X,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:i%æGLÃ!*[»ÄZyLLHZDwZsòÃÁ÷?óó 43X53X
LL!*Áƒsóó~ZDwä¹ì: 63XZ¤/ƒfztÂï]~7,|i1§YjÈ4d-ö
IE"âZñgZi7F,¹IZŠ[Ô™521 73X
X™79 Discourses of Iqbal 83XX™241 The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam 93X
$h½5ÿGI
GL].h+ZÅ;5é XG‹ZsðÔ)F,À:±2+k,*i~(,]572X672 04XX™941 The Reconstruction of Religious Thougt in Islam 14X
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDw»ZŠ!£xóóT~ªZzgŠzuZŠzâVp}÷áï÷X 24XZD1]»_·Ô,]903X013 34XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGLLZDwZzgÎcxóó%"0î GOE·ðgZóÔ,]64Ô111Ô091Ô202 44X54Xu�ÛZ1jóÆ**xƒZDwÆZÝQÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:
%"0î GOE"Z£{yèzZãÔ Speeches, Writings and Statements of Iqbal
,]742@*252XF,3ÆaÔw½ZDwó351@*851Xà‹kA$èZDwÔ,]931@*441X
X%"0î GOEaZ£eZgó™75 Letters and Writings of Iqbal Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 64XjZáZzg,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZD1]»_·óó'6,zW±z‡gxÔ,] 74X513X613Z·ZuzCµ3ïGOGDYzh+**) 84XZDw5úÔ™483 94X³m,Z£Ìè%c*è$Š„»DgƒYD÷XZk£x6,pZ{(Z{tÎZwZVc* 05XìāLLtZ‹ZneìZDw»ZC:ƒZzg)wZ−+ZjãШ™ŠZg™Zc*ŠHƒXóóo]tìāLLYzh+**)~$™*î EE
0Z16Ììóó'tzZãìāZ+)‰LLZ+Å
&CÒø ELØgòóó~(Åi!*ãZŒÅZzgZ16Åi!*ãYqÅ!*]ZDwÆñ�Æ',@ì²ZjãÐZDw7g~§b5÷XŒVTŠ?!*i~гm,Z£»xágì÷)ZzgTÐLLZDwZzgÎcxóóÆIt#
674
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
½}7,}÷(ZÏÆ!*)Z¹)]»‚o™**7,ZìX}˜÷āLLpZkZ‹Zn~‰^Z,J÷āXÅ:ÂäÅY$ËìZzg:ZyÃZDwÆZ·ZÅ${ð
GOgZ]Ð%1oHYYìX}tÄ:g8-z1Zi@$Š
YÈ0*u&b/@»g}0+ZgŠZ·ZuóóXÎZwtìāZDwZ#Z·ZÅ${ðG
OgZ]ÃZsò${ð
GOgZ]Æo°B÷Zzg!*Ÿq-ìÑ]gppÊZ],{ZsxÐ{g`
ƒäÆáZŠsCD÷¯ÄZDwÃZ·ZÅ${ðG
OgZ]Ð%1o™ä»�Zi„HìX
Zq-Zzg£x6,³m,Z£˜÷āLLZDwÆZsòZ·ZKÆ${ðG
Og~GËŠgZ·xìZzg¹Ïš/c*V%1o7÷ÔèIßZzgâgËZ·ZK~�ZoZòg*Z,VäaZHìÔZk~Ì{Øx$©�î EG
0ÃÐF§bÆZ‹ZŸ]zZgŠƒMh÷Xóó)ZDwÔ5úÔ™524DZDwZzgÎcxÔ™551(ZÝ!*]tìā:ÂZDwäZsòZ·ZK»${ð
GOg7HìZzg:èIß
ZzgâgËZ·ZK~Ãðg*ìXZy)bzZDÑ]Åf)ŠZg~³m,Z£6,¬Z+ƒCìXZDw»ZyyZÃ]ÐÃðm7ìXZDwÔ5úÔ™204X³m,Z£÷āLLZsòZ·ZÅ�Åæ+M»${ð
GOg 15X
ZDwäF(!*0+JìXóó)ZsÔ™224(gzkÅñê0*gKäZÐZŠ~!»™äÆaZ•ðÕgzZg3XZ/ÑÄ 25XZ�ÛZŠhuK‰XäÑÄÃZwZNŠ~IXe:�kÑÄÃo$+gH
{m ŠHXt$+F,+âÎÅM%e$¶XtM%e$úZxÅ7¶Xñê0*gKZzg�§ZkÆu',Z{ŶXZ½¦!»Âx‡ìƒZÂ7gZçÑ{0*õ°œZ�ÛZŠÆ‚t"'ƒ™g{ŠHX),ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZsxZzg].h+çÙÃc*]ÔZ1ZÑdñŠzŠ~Ô,]55@*56(æÜÅZsògc*„�Ó#ÖZÅ:ö XWÅ9MsŠZg¶Zzg"3™-.ç FGEELMyzZWåÅu',Z„ 35X~‡ìƒð¶ÔZk~!‡ìg¿ˆX
LLgñ¯6Š~óó~ZDwZsxZzg$Òï OGLZsðÆŠzZ‚ÏZg»y©Zzgg‚ªÃ 45Xi%æGLcÑD÷XZsxZzg¡¾æ E
LZDwÅ7g~qg]Z4Šz2âV6,9~ìXwe$Ô)zZ]ZzgZp]»Z®gÌZ4ãCŠ~Zg»y6,ìX¡¾æE
LZDwÔ™752 55X774
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
ZDwÔ5úÔ™863 65XLLZDwZzgÛ/ge$óó˜!LLZDwÙÏZzg*izógóóÔ™901 75X¡¾æE
LZDwÔ,]652X752 85XZDwZzgÎcxÔ=ZöZ}g×yÔ™25XZÝQZzg,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 95X
%"0î GOE±†ZßZuÔ,]113X2132 Thoughts and Reflections of Iqbal
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ,]623@*233Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»¯[¯xæk,LLiŒZgóó�42�y3291YÃ÷áùƒZX 06X».$zs\.-ôGä–ìā›yŠúò™D÷āZsx¡]Æ_.ìÔ 16X
pz{Zk!*]ÐpsiŠ{÷āZС]ªÎcxÐpsHYñXX,]37Ô101(\.-ôGZsxÐ$+óåZzgÎcx Modern Islam in India)
Æ!*g}~pl.~2åX„ZDwÔ™752 26Xt´Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL¤/âîÝñV»Ûί>Ðóó'LL÷}aè»wxZzg¯ 36XŠzóó'LLMŠZ[è†V÷á•çLætÃ2Šzóó'LLί>Ð%ZŠZZyÅwZ]ìXLLwxóóZsx»gzqã%œ/ìX†VZk"p°ÆsV~ì�Gc*ZZy»xìXZDwZ#ë÷:LL%}ñÑ=™r#†V™óóXÂz{ZssÆ_.ƒŠgzVÆpZ׃D÷ZzgLLÑq-i%ÒÑ+?ç GEâVóóƒ**eT÷X¬Ä~P]6,WìX¬x¾"$Åñ�ŠÏ~P]»Ãð�Zi7X»[ 46X
g‚ª$ó[å»Zg÷áŠìāZqÐiZ]aZ:™zXpŠZ,Väu',Z{ègc*„ƒäÆ!*z�ŠÃðû7Zc*åX�ûúZòZ¡wÆË~¶ƒVZ¹hŠ¶ÐZzg¤/ZŠ¶ÐÕ»{؃YìXŠzuZÄ:¤/âîÝñV»ÛÎi>Ð&
²-BhëEEIL�ÛzâtÃ÷á÷бZŠzXZk|x»qïìā–wцZÔLLÝxZLZZyÅ]Ð(,}(,}�ÛúâVДóóBX)¡¾æ E
LZDwÔ™952(Š}Ä~CKÆ{8Zzg/ge$ÆZLwÅSìXaåÄ:TEЊ�VÃx:ƒgzi~&ZkEÆCÙpnxðŠzXY�ŠZg~ÂxÃZ3h¶»�xìXZϧb{Ûz‘tÆŠgxyqbƒäzZßVÃÔqbYVg�Šc*YñX0*Šg~ÔH]Ô5ZzgcèIŠÆäOwzZYg{ŠZg¶ƒñ÷XtŠÆäOໃãecXhgZ$gBð EEŠ}r-)é EVgZ�Z±&4ìlZ¼wxzŠk,uŠzXгm,Z£
874
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
äè<ØÅ;%ZŠàìXZŒÄ»|xZyÆ4,Šq-è<ØÅÇZŠZgŧszZ3ìX)ZDwÅ5úÔ,]863X963(ËÄ»Z(|x¢8�
ZDwÆ7g}„ÅÔ™@*Ôƒ**gzZìXgZ¶Æ4,Šq->ÒhÆ‚BîZ½CVaèÑuìZkaZDwälZ¼wxzŠk,uŠ¶ÃZkÐ4¹ìXMy~Ä~uâtŠZg~�d$Æ{8ÅpZé»ZÖgìX
¡¾æE
LZDwÔ™952 56X,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ�ÄZjãc*$Òï OGLgz²DYzh+**)ÔŒVPZÃgÜK 66XYD÷:
�gZiÆäMY"ìEELSÆäMOyZx ™Šø0�»§}.Zz0+ZVÓx@*gÓZm]�Ši0+ø� Šg*gZiÑZ¤/�gø�„gZgz×ÁZiZÅZ2[ ŠZ*ÈGbo-ö
IG!*[!*[
Š_5¿.ç GYGLÈÒ"‚iz',v! 74iï FGGŒÛMV?pZzgZ�Ä%v
Z,Â"–q}ŠvZ„ ÃlÍ*MçŠgŠwāZ„YVaŠv”˜VŠvØŠ aVOVŠggÄYVŠvØŠ
ªÂä}.Zz0+zV»»xÓx™Šc*ìZzgÑÅ2wqÝ™àìpZ¤/Nm]ňlìÂÑÐMÐòZÆäOÅ2w0*áXÂäGŠZ*y»Zq-Zq-!*[ŠðeZÑìÔZ[ZL„ÃŒÛMÈœÐgz×™XŒÛMyHì?ŒÛMypZ•Æañ]»�xìZzgÈÒ"uz‚ây»ŠŒìXZ¤/ŠwÅ!*]',5¼VÂtÂ[7q}ŠvìXZk»ZW,YyJ-(ìÂYyÃ$+wŠêìZzgYy$+wYñ˜y$+wY@*ìXZDwZzgÎcxÔ%"0î GOE·ðgZóÔ,]83X93 76XZDwÙÏZzg*izógÔ™78 86XF,¹IZŠ[Ô³m,Z£Ô™07 96XZDwZzgÎcxÔ%"0î GOE·ðgZóÔ™581 07XF,¹IZŠ[ÔuŠZgQ~Ô™321 17XZDwZzgÎcxÔ,]63Ô181 27XZDwÆ—gÔ±2+k,*i~Ô™85 37XLL¡ÿ
GNLZÅš©ð QMEQMóóÆK~†Z?x0+z~ä–ìāLLt¬ˆ~™cƒŠHXóó 47X974
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
)ZDÁ»ïÔ™653(†Z?x0+z~ÅgZñ&CÿLÃìX÷á{zàZvÔñÑ**úŠZdÔËäZk¬Ã™ct7HX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ÷á{zàZvZzgZy» DD Z1ZÑdñŠzŠ~
,Ô™78ÔZsxZzg].h+çÙÃc*]Ô™001(LL¡ÿGNLZÅš©ð QMEQMóóGŒÛMã½ì
Z¤/pZПÆÅ7Š~ˆ²i2>�ÛnìZzgZÐ!*Ÿ‚**ÇHŠHXŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ_袃æÔñÑ**ÝxgÎw$Ô,]461X561 57XZDw5úÔ™604 67X³m,Z£ÅLLZDw5úóó)7491Y(ZzgцZÔÅLL¡¾æ E
LZDwóó)7591Y(ZDw 77X6,ZëÂÁƒäÆ!*z�ŠZDwÙÏÃMߊ{™g„÷XZy»Zq-½7gY,{heÅ¢zg]ìT~LLF,¹IZŠ[óóZzgLL£Ñ]èœóó¢ŠzxÃ÷áï™**ecXPZÃgŒVÜKYD÷: 87X
Zi;lwsÆäMMæ',zV gzkgZ»z®¤/Šh+{pVÆäMs…ÔÆäMGÔÆäMS[ ™Š{ZxZ0+g£â>ô%±ïELpŠgZÎñSÆäO3,Z0+ „ZzŠgH!*›ÆäM10+p÷gZi,H!*ŠMgŠ',zV Mh+lgzi}āZiiz§†VÎñSÆäOòyZæ»Ñ] Šg£ÄÆäM*‚h+§]Ô"Zm]%ÀZ!5é OGV ÆäMzSÆäO‚iz',ÀZ!5é OGV
ªgzk»»Zzg®pyƒZÂZkÆ;Ðw½Ñ!*CÙMc*X~äZkZz[6,ó{eZàìXZkÐsvóGZzgZvƒÅÔƒìXgzÏ„ÑÅ!M0+S~g;ZzgZKÎZg~»gcZÆäOÅY+$:ñhZXZq-ŠyMñÇāiz§†VÐZk!M0+SÐòMñÇXi0+ÏÑÆ£x6,MΊ{7ƒ$ËX»Ñ]SÆäOÅ‚(,|g„ìXÑZzgZÑQ!3ð OGV»‚âyìXÜsÑQ!3ð OGVÅñ]ìXF,ÀpZz·i™c*XLLZDwZzgÎcxóó%"0î GOE·ðgZóÔ™82 97XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDw»ZŠ!£xóó',]65@*95 08XLLZDwÆèo»bÆ**xóó'F,ÀzF,KMÔ·˜$¬ÝÔ™94XZDwÆ 18X
'%"0î GOEaZ£eZgÔ Letters of Iqbal ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG: � ZkâÆZÝZôm,~Q,]352@*552
ZDwZzgÎcxÔ%"0î GOE·ðgZóÔ,]01Ô771 28X38XZDw**)Ô™342 48X
084
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZDw**)Ô,]975D085 58XF,¹IZŠ[Ô™87 68XZDwYŠz¤/yz5,ZŠX,]111X211 78XZDwZzgÎcxÔ%"0î GOE·ðgZóÔ™04 88XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ!*&ëEYLŠgZÅÄÔLLgZxóó 98X
ÆŠâd (Stray Reflections) eZËYzh+ZDwäZDwÆLL)}ìÑ]óó 09X19X~–ìLL®Zz{)ZDw(',“‹-ê
EGLy~¬›y÷2VäZsòÎcx
ÆÎf»Zq-ëw_cHXóó·(g÷ät„g]ÜÅìX)ZDwZzgÎcxÔ™591(ZkЬZDwÅÄLLZ+Å
&CÒø ELØgòóóÅeZËYzh+ZDwÅŃð‚ÐÔ(g÷äZq-Z½kÜHìXT»My~]ì:
LLZyÆz{ìÑ]�›y”VÆZ0+gZq-ZsòÎœ/g~ÂxÆÎfZzgZsòŠ*ÆZ�ŠÐ0÷Ô~iÑqÒ7ƒñXóó
ZyZ½‚]ÐU*"$tƒ@*ìāZq-{mŠzg~eZËYzh+ZDw»t!í�åā‘ÕäO)ZDwäZsòÎcxŽŠ~ìXSke~Zq-!*]tìā‘ÕäO)ZDwÆ!*g}~eZËYzh+ZDwÅCÙgZñÃw½My»Šgz7Šc*YYXŠzu~!*]tìāZDwÅ4ƒÆˆeZËYzh+ZDwäZKgZñ$+wŠ~XZLˆÆ*y>ZyZDwÆçÙ${ð
GOgZ]~˜÷:
‰à:äT§bZ�›ZsxÅ’q-ÃàZs'×xZzgZsò˜´~(ÏMiZŠ~Å’rVÛqx»**xŠc*ÔZϧb‘ÕäO)ÆçÙ${ð
GOgZ]ÃLLz].Zãc*›Îcxóó»**xŠc*ìX1‘Õä O)Æ
çÙ${ðG
OgZ]ÃpZ{z].Zãc*›c*ZsòÎcx»**xŠc*YñÔZk|ÐM`J-ËäZïg7HāZyÆçÙ${ð
GOgZ]Å
Z‚kŒÛMyìZzgZkZ‚kÆ:LZyÆÓxŠ´Ô(ÏÔçÙÔZܹZzgÕã${ð
GOgZ]~zu‹„0*ðYCìX0*ÎyÆ6
ZsòÎœ$+¬ÐZkzu‹„Ðøzx÷YèZy»Ýì'LLZsxøgZŠ+ìÔÎcxøg~uìXóóªz{èIç5]~ÂZLM\÷@åÆczƒä»Šúò™D÷p
184
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
çÙç5]~»gwâg¾Æcz÷X!*ÖpŠvz{ZÆäOZvZzgÆHS[ôu{´u{',ÁV~geT÷XZknÅŠzð»�ZiZDwÆ;VNõwì®ZZ#Ìz{‘ÕäO)ÃÎcx»qòU*"$™äÅÃÒ™D÷ÔZ¹)]»‚o™**7,@*ì')wÑ!ÃxÔ,]831X931(
eZËYzh+ZDwÅt’k,:Üs¡¾æE
LZDwÅ9F,)ãìÉZyÓx|Z]Æp}ŸW,F,Šh+ì�ZDwÃZsòÎcx»qòŒÛZgŠ¶6,gì÷X
X™503 Discovery of India 29X}Š&ÀŸ/õ GG)1(F,¹IZŠ[ÔuŠZgQ~Ô,]321X421)2(ZDwYŠz¤/y~ 39X5,ZŠ™911
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔƒXgx&${ðG
O§0*ÎyX 49XXŠZZzgaå!*[Ôi%æGLÃ Modern Islam in India '×h+¬]ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 59X
jZßVÆa)ßyZi+c(,]901Ô001Ô3116,zW~**BMiZŠ».$zs\.-ôGÆÐz¾d$ŠúîV»f™™Dƒñ˜÷: 69X
ËÌΜŧsÐZDwÆѧ]ÃßÂŒÛZgŠc*YYìpZq-Z(ÑZyŧ]ÐzZh™Æ�ŠgZÝZy»!©}å GL§]7ìZyÆ!*g}~tIāLL_.!*CZ±gÐz{Îœ¸XóóLLf6Z±gÐz{Îœ7¸XóóLLz{‹c*Cîg6,t7Y…¸āuâtŠZg~~HyZ!ìXóóLLZ,VäZ·ZKÆ!*g}~Zn»ZÖgHìXóóLLZyÅ’k,zVÐÎœn»@*W,H¤ìXóóLLMy~Z,VäFZ·ZH:>}ZzgZ,Väf!�d$Å#¿~»gwâg¾»**xZEwHXóóLLpãCŠ~!*]tìāZ¹Zk!*]»D„7åāZ·ZKHìXóó!*Ç"uz0*!*'÷ZzgZq-Z,¤DÅ�œ¾ŠwÐZDw»_·™**eLìÔÃð¦{úð7™'XZDwÆ!*g}~tIāz{t7Y…¸āZ·ZKHìZzgQZyƯxÃLLZ·ZH:óóŒÛZgŠ}™Zk6,c™**ZDwÃZyÅ,Ð!*CÙáYÆŠÚÅÃÒìXËÌ2g»_·ZkÅ,Ð!*CÙY™7HY
284
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
YX)ZDwZzgf!®+Ô,]49X59(X)ßyZi+cÔ™311( Modern Islam in India 79X
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGXF,¹IZŠ[Ô,]321X421Ô441 89X·ZDwZi÷±÷]Ô™08 99X001X
ZDw5úÔ™734 101XLL'Z5ðuzŠZzg›yóó'!LL£Ñ‹ZDwóó,]462X562 201X
Thoughts and Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔw½ZDwÔ™712XZÝZôm,~QÆaÔ 301X™373 Reflections of Iqbal
gzÙðÔ,]771X871 401X6,zW~**BMiZŠ»ÒyìāLLeZË@*|%jxäÂZke~{™ièƒ 501Xлx1ìX˜÷āLL\Äætóó~ZDwšÃ„z@Å-R6,áMñ÷ZzgLL!*Áƒsóó~Z,VäšÃZq-]4ï MEGÆgz\~7HìX».$
zs\.-ôGäZKÂ[LLyz*yZzg0*Îy~].h+Zsxóó~eZË@*|»tL{ÜHìpZK§sÐZk~ÂLL3óó»ZŸ†™Šc*ìZzgL{-VåHìāZDwšÃ3~„Å-R6,áMñ÷Xóó)'×h+,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwZzgf!®+Ô,]68X78(LLZDw»„z®óóZieZË@*|Ô%"0î GOEZahŒÛ7Ô,]59@*001 601X6,zW~**BMiZŠÅt’k,Ñ$þ
JLÂzì: 701X
LLeZË@*|äÌÈŠc*ìāZ,V)ZDw(äFñV6,A/V~t¹åāLZ¤/=Ë›o»eð¯Šc*Yñª»x�~™zVÇtƒÇāZkoÃÎœo¯ŠzVÇóX)eð~ZzgË›oÃÎœo¯äÅpZéÃZDwЙ[™**Z\k**u
p ìX@*|ÅßÒãZzg§ŠÒãZ·ZÅgDyÆ:Lì(ZkŠú}Å@*G:ZDwÅÄЃCì:ZyÅ�Ð''Zi+zgeå\Ô�ZCÙÑw1zZzg».$zs\.-ôGäÂŒVJ-ÉŠc*ì
āZDw/ÆMy~{~_Å0îE00*ÎyÆqò7g{‰¸X~ŒVZkñçqÃik,c7ÑîVÇÔZ¤/pZk»ZDwZzg
Z·ZKÆ‚B÷ZmìXYèZDwZ¤/zZªZ·ZÅ0`¸384
HZDwZ·ZÅ÷?
ÂZy»_Å0îE00*ÎyЊ„',ŠZgƒ**ÑiòåpZDwÅÃð’k,)Äc*�(:ÂZyÆZ·ZŃäÅÞŠ]Šîì:Zk!*]Åāz{_Å0îE00*ÎyЊ„',ŠZgƒ‰¸Xóó)ZDwZzgf!®+Ô™58(
/'/'/
484
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
‚ÂZV!*[
HZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?±Zðx@äLLgz—ZDw6,Zq-Ãóó~ZDwÆ${ð
GO§=zG6,
8iïELfsZÖp~¤/ÄŶ:LL}óóGuZ0*—góóZzgLL=uZ0*s[óóìX}LLGÓx@óóìZzgLL=Óx1†óópLLgz—ZDwóóÆ'»tIāZDwLLGÃ=Æ£«~¤ŠêìÔZkzZWāZkÆfg)›$þJLZâ»åDZzgù]q݃CìXóóZ+${ð
GOge$ì�ZDwÆ$©�î EG
0ÃÃÂzZã™CìpZÐ!*ÇÃZ0+Zi™YCìā›$þ
JLZâ»DDÜsâŠ~
Š1VÐeìZzgâŠ~Š"D~÷áï÷XGZzg=ÅkBÃtZzg¿ÆZíZtÐaZƒCìXŠzâVÅ&»ZÝ:L${ð
GOge$ZzgâŠ"ìGOG~
Zq-Z(Úƒ‡ì™äÅÃÒìÔT~${ðG
Oge$Ãic*Š{ZÌŠ~YCìZzgtâ+ÐZïgHY@*ìāÅgZzgf‚Æ—UÌ{gYZW,Z]Zzgâœ~
1 gzZ*»³ƒD÷XóóLLZDwÅgYịtóó~Zðx@ä–āLLZDwä¹Ð£x6,=ÅZÌÃtHìZzgz].ZyÃZkÅZdCc*ìpù¦îg6,z{=Zzgz].Zy~i',Š„§ŠŠÙ÷XŠzâV@Zzg1†Å§bZq-Šzu}ÐZ÷XZk${ð
GOg»ZW,ZDwÆ7g}§$þGL„6,7,@*ìZzg‰
¦/¸ZzgZt~ 2 Zz‡]Zy»ÈÒ¿"‚z"òÃMä4ìXóó».$zs\.-ôGÅtgZñ܃_ìāZDwäGÃZYÑZzg=6,ŠJzZ1wŠc*X
!*g Z„k°jg~ä‘Õä O)ZDwÃ�Zzg‚b»#³ŒÛZgŠc*ìZzg584
!*gyŠŠÔ¹ìXLLZDw»‘ÐêL¯xóó~˜÷āZDwä',}Vŧb(,}ZDwƼZÃgܙƘ÷: 3 �lzyzlÐ=zyŠÅÃÅìX
LLgZ¶Æìw~=ÃØgl©V~Ñq-™äÅŠú]Šbc*Ózz].Zy6,ZqwÅãCŠgZzgi0+ÏÃìwzÃÅìz!ŒÛZg
ŠbuŠgzç**uìX¢zg]Zk!*]ÅìāØg¶©V6,=»œ¥s‡ìHYñZzgZqwÅãCŠ=zyŠ6,g¿
4 YñXóó�l'M!*Š~äLLc*ŠzVÅ',Z]óó~–ìāZDwäLŒÛMyÆ
%ŠzŠÂLLGóóÃM�y6,mJ™ZÐÓxZKãÑszë»%œ/tHZzgŒÛMy5 Æ8[ÂLL=óóÃ{u~5™ÔZkÃÓx¢‡»u*IZŠc*Xóó
ÐZ£ä–ìāLLŠ+zŠ*»CÙgN*(,Z»xë=ÅæŠÐ™D÷X=„Ðgzi~¾D÷Ô=„ÐZKã©]Æ»çVÃ7gZ™D÷Ô=„Ð55MgZxŠ{ZzgÆq,¯D÷X=„Ðè<ØÆ)b6,g™D÷Zzg}.ZZzgZkÆgÎwåÆZ©xÃB÷XQZDw=Æ#³
LLZDw» 6 YV÷?ZzgZÐZ16ZzgZ1†Ææ[ÐYVâZiD÷?óó˜Šóó**ò*y~¼MЙÐZ£˜÷:
LLŒÛMÈœ~YO¹ŠHìā»Ñ]ÅÓxq,Mc*‹ZÅ:ö XW
÷Zzg=лxhezZáZyÐ@Ze$qÝ™D÷X�ZyÐ@Ze$qÝ7™Dz{"=÷XÍfÔ¾}ZzgZ0+ñ÷XéYâgzVÆ÷X÷}ìw~Z[t!*]zZãƒìā=ÅêŠ#¿Ë§bÌÃðp7gBbX:Š*z~sV~Ô:Š´sV~XÎZwxQ™Qz÷MY@*ìāZDw=Æ#³YV÷?
684
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZYIZkÆāëZkÎZw6,g™,Ô…Zq-|Ã�ÛZñl7™**ecÔZDw÷á²~~=Æ#³÷Ôph]ÌÂZDw„Åð÷Xh]~z{“¨ÿ
GLZ`ZðÆi',Š„qò÷ZzgZÐZsò�d$ÅãCŠŒÛZgŠï÷Xª÷á²~~Z¹=Z16ZzgZ1†ÃMCìZzgh]~‘4èGELZsx'…¨g
7 ™**ìāZDwÅ¡]~z{H"3ðIE"ìGOGì�Z¹„Š!*'ì6,6g™Cì?™9pZz†Z°æZzgeZËz©‚]ÅMgZÐÐZ£ÆÒyÅ
@*GzÂ}ƒCìXpZz†°æŒÛMyÅ×e$è=ÆjZáÐgzòZzgZDwŠzâVÃ@½W¯D÷XZ,Vä–ìāŒÛMÈœYO=ÅS™g;
eZËz©‚]ä 8 ì1tŠzâV',¦/h+{iV_.!*]Æ;ðVög„÷X${ðG
O§=ÆjZáÐZDw犻ñg›Z²ZxIZc*ìXZyÅgZñìāLLZDwZ#ZK�ÅÂ[$h½5ÿ
GIGL].h+ZÅ;5é XGW]èZsxÐ?Ø™ZK÷á²~~"3©3ú
GEGGL=Ã9 Ãg¯™ZyÇ].h+Æq&]6,b™D÷ÂZy»„~§Šúc*Vƒ@*ìXóó
ZDw6,#Å©ïEGL=»Z²ZxÎäzZßVäZ¹#¿èD»ñg›Z²ZxÌIZc*ìX}�l'M!*Š~ë÷:
c*DÅzZŠ-VÐÄZD÷ c*DÅ2ßV~<ÍZD÷01 �ßvāGG7ÕäFOD÷ YVÑxZ¹MC7Z}“¨ÿ
GLÐ
eZË.g™×!*àä–ìāZDwâœ~DÃ**³ìw™D÷XZyÆ4,Šq-»Ñ]»ZŠgZuDÆfg)e7ÉÜsZˆkzÇ/ZÖºŠv
g q²äLLZ�ÄyŠì"—g~óóZz 11 z].ZyZzg²ÃyЄeìXZ,VäŒÛMyzug$Æ 21 LLÈÒfzó™ÄÂ!:0óó6,JWÅìX
jZáБÐêLZâÅZÌz¢zg]6,gzÝeZ%Æ–ì:LL‘Õä O)ZDw�ÛâD÷:G?ð'wG?qÝwZxXt÷á²~¹ZhìZzg÷á²~ÅuÐMÐZÐáY**
784
HZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?
oƒÌ7XDÐqÝ”{LLqÝóóÃwZxìÅgzlÜÄègZ”{ÆZ!xZzgCKÆM¸i6,q*Vä™ZñƬ>VÆzgÐQ!ï OGè0~¬x™ä6,ZKÇZèy!*Š÷á>ØÆÓxz‚bZEwK¸X¸qÝÐgzɶ
TÅzzЛyxœ-VÐõxz6g¬Mg„ìZzgM`ÅâMiZŠ›ZZxF,¹c*C»�ÛZZxÐâg~',kú÷X·Š~CÙiâä~‘ÐêLZâ~'g‹@*)qÝ™DgìŠdāM`»MÑÄ·Š-V6,ŒZuZL‚g}ѾZz‰~¸¸]ìZzg²[ZZxZkÆg3z™x6,÷'z{ZÒ£â]6,ZK÷á²~~DÆ!*g}~ZyìÑ]»ZÖg™D÷�!*ÇZ,„÷�±Z£{yÅ].h+ExÆ”wÅ’q-ÆŠzgZy~øg}4pZ0+{$ÕäO¹™D¸ā].h+Ex
31 i0+$©3ï GGGGŧsáYD÷XóóLLZDwZq-÷á²óóÆŠzu}Zi+c~ÐZ£äZ%°MgZ»�Z[
–XZDwÅ#Å©ïEGL=ÆK~˜÷:LLnœj»IìāZDw=ÃZ16ZzgZ1†ìÆ!*z�Š
=Æ#³7÷X6,zW·¢y»Ì¸IìXZyÆ4,Šq-ZDwä=Å#¿7ÅìÉZkÅuzŠÃ³HìXnœj˜÷:L=бäZzg=»#³ƒäÆL}ZDw6,o÷'z{=Å¢zg]ÐLZïg7™Dpz{ZKã&¢A6,ZrÌ7™**eTXZ¹GÜ—F,¸]i0+ÏÆ—F,+£â]6,àä»z°{™CÃMCìóXË™r#ätÌ–ìāZDw=ÃZq-**³
884
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
fg$œî G0Dë÷Zka=Ð',F,¸ÂVƇb÷Xtƒ!*'bz~îg6,9÷p÷á²~~=Ð0ZDwÆ7g}gzbÊBÂZ(Ckƒ@*ì‰z{=ÆÜsl)±gì÷'LL!*8-èŠgZóóÐLL¢ƒæóóJ-ZDw»
gÍt=Æ!*g}~JÐJF,ƒ@*Y@*ìXt#¿7ìÂZzgHì?ŠgZÝnœjÃZk!*]»�Z[Šbecā=»f™™Dz‰Üz{åZkÆË:ËtUÃYVZY¤/™D÷ZzgÃðZq-½7g!*]ZkÅ×e$~Zk§bYV7ëT§bZ,Väh]~½ì?÷á²~~!*]
41 ™DƒñZ¹å=Æ$zgU„YVÃMD÷?óó2222
Zvä‘ÐêLZâÅ$+zªMŠxÃ�Û¤V6,¤«ÅXŒÛMÈœ~»!*g!*gf™Mc*ìTГ¨ÿ
GL}.ZŠZŠÅZÌz ]øÊø¡ømøjø³‚øe$†öæûá Zzg ]øÊø¡øiø³Ãû³Ïô³×öçûá
¢zg]zZãìXZDwÅ„~Z‚kŒÛMÈœìXz{=ZzgDÆ#³ùƒMh÷pZ#=ZzgDÃŒÛMy„ÆÜsZEwHYñÂZDwZkÅ×e$7™DZzg#¿™D÷XÜs÷á²~~7É�~ÌZzgÜsi0+ÏÆMy~ZŠzZg~7ÉZ’ZðZŠzZg~ÌXLL¸òi0+Ïóó4091Y»*yìXZk~ZDw˜÷:
LLŒVZq-ÐZzgÂÎZwaZƒ@*ìZzgz{tìāTßg]~Ë{m�ÛŠÃxÅMÒ{YVÅ‹Š~ÔZyÅÑz°wZzg
ZyÅ[z')å GOãF,¹~ÃðŠp7ìÂYVZkÆfZC£t6,òZg»ÃF,ߊ~Yñ?H~M`Ð΂wˆi0+{gƒVÇ?7ÔQ=H¢zg]ìāZLM\ÃxÆa
984
HZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?
ŒÛ!*y™zVZzgZK’wZx™ÆxÅMÒ{‹Š~ÆapZ[gZ'¬™zV?t"u™äzZÑÎZwì�˸xÆZ�ÛZŠÆŠßV~aZƒ**eìZzgT»Ãð[�Z[øg}0*k7ìpZkç**uµÆz‰Üè<ØZKŠ„�~™@*ìZzg…C@*ìāZôg±ZzgzVÆœÃZLfZCœ6,lxgppů=7ìÉtn�Zg»Yâ»ZKãZzgxÆaJ¢zg~ìÔZq-¯tZ°Š]Zßw6,FFìXMzZ"3ð EEO]»Z-izgZzgZkÅÇzw[ŠÑbZzg',Z�6,FF7ìÉZk»ŠZgzæZgZkgzqãx@}6,ì�ÑÆ)©à
¢ðGNZ~Ãq݃@*ìX!*gq-ÎßvY…÷āDbZKãÃZôgŽ:Š~YCÂGZg»ñZK㻟I^Y@*Zzgñ�Š{�d$z')å GOyÅz{ßg]Ç:ƒC�M`ìXZ¤/Zg»ñ
')å GOyz�d$èZKyÃZq-Šg|#ÐHYñÂè<ØZk»Zq-VƒÇZzgVÌZ(VT»3**¸òi0+ÏÆaZ(„¢zg~ì‰0*ãÔƒZZzg½Z»ZEwKã’Æa
51 ìXóó ÑixpZDwÆ4,Šq-�tZ°Š]Zßw0*ãÔƒZZzg½ZŧbÑix
qì: (Benn) ìÔZÐLLÒóóÆ**x6,n{HŠHX0"Rationalism means the hostile criticism of theological
dogma, the mental habit of using reason for the
destruction of religious beliefs."16
Z#è<ØZzgÒ~Zk§bŠ„$+„kBƒCìÂZDwLLGÓx@Ô=Óx1†óóÈ™zÑe$èGÐ@*i{3{ZÒŠz1Å;-ö XEÆ
Zzg-VLLŒz‹yŠóóÐLLwxóóÃ�ç{Ñhƒ@*ìÔZk» 71 £«6,ÑD÷X
094
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZLw™D÷XZDwÆ2¤ZDwÆ7g}¯ÄÄz�Ât7gnpXz{ZDw
ÆzZuz].ZyÃLF,¹I~Zzg¦‡6,4~„™D÷ZzgLZÐ÷á²~Zzg�~„™Šï÷XZDwêŠ=Å#¿7™DZkaātÂZq-}.ZŠZŠÚìXZDwä:ÜsZkÅ×e$h]~ÅìÉ÷á²~~ÌÅìX2¤äZk§bÆZÃgÃÃZ0+ZiHì:
ؾ"6,zZŠHÔ¡¾æE
L†eŠH81 ¾~À~:Š-Zä:�ÛiZägì
=ì¾~4ÔGìcF,~91 %}Šgz÷!ÜÄì˜$F,~
ZÏ“~¦/g,÷~i0+ÏÅgZ'02 LÎiz‚¯gzòÔL@z@*[gZi~!
yŠäíëÅæ:!12 2ðGäíÃu"ìGILg0+Z:!
,zÄÅZzg|ìH22 w½Õ&È:Ãgz',z!
=Å2wìz{ÔG»qÝìz{32 7ÒªîG0MÃt~¤/&öL0Àìz{
XÅóƒVäÅF,šMÑtz¾[42 ƒÐ.ï
EGL-g\~¶XÅyŠgZ{ÁMy~0*õZÃgLL!*ÁƒsóóÐa‰÷XZkЙsªCÙì
āé„ÆŠzg~ÌZDw=zyŠÅZÌz¢zg]Æ7g~§b‡b÷XtÌzZãìāZDwä=Å�×e$h]~ÅìÔz{÷á²~~ÌÅ
194
HZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?
ìZzgT§b÷á²~~=ÐG×F,Cc*ìÔZ(h]~ÌHZq-N2¤ÆZ0+Ziè„Ð!*CÙg;ìXZ,VäZk|»ZŠgZu 52 ìX7HāT§bGÅ—~zä»Z®g8[Æ—z-ƒä6,ìZϧb=ÆÆzµƒä»ŠZgzæZgZkÆÆc*µZEw6,ìX8[·å
ZzgZ¤/ÃðçwÆgzZî 62 Ü�ƒÂ¸‹GÐCÙ-Ã!*ÑHYYìX8[ÆG~2ìÂZDwZÐÃ<îF0Y**V~M',z',!*Š™äÐgzÈ÷
ZzgZ,GÃLLcz~“¨ÿG
L}.ZŠZŠóó»tg{Šï÷:GZ[cz~“¨ÿ
GL}.ZŠZŠ™}
72 M',zÃ<îF0Y**V~:',!*Š™}ZϧbZ¤/=9·Z7Æ”w~çzyìšµÆzg:ZkÅZÊe$özŠZzg‡uìXZzgZ#=9·Z7Æ 82 ìX”w~g»z^k�ìc*Ëß·Z7Åz»ª™CìÂZDwZk»¹�™D÷XZzgZkÑÆaLLŠZ$ø
EILâgZãóóлxfe÷XLLŠZ$ø
EILâgZãóó
=Å—F,ßg]ìXZDwZkÆa÷á²~~LLGóóZzg�~LLz].ZyóóÆZÖpZEw™D÷XZðx@ÅZkgZñ»āLLZDwä (intuition)
¹Ð£â]6,=ÅZÌÃtHìZzgz].ZyÃZkÅZd^Cc*ìXóó¸ÚøìXZzgZ#Zðx@tgZñªCÙ™D÷āù¦îg6,ZDw=Zzg
z].Zy~i',Š„§ŠŠÙ÷ZzgZ¹@ZzgZ1†Å§bZB÷Â!*]»ÚøZƒ@*ìXGÃ@Zzg=Ã1†I„tªCÙ™@*ìāŒV
ZzgLLDóó (rationalism) =ZÒŠÆáZŠsìXZk~—7āLLÒóó)ª,z‚b(%zz|áÅѪÂë6,ëVÆ£«~ÎÔ
pZsxÂ6ê XO6,47ìXZDwÆ4,Šq-yŠŠAZ¤/ŠwÅó{Ð&˜VLLÒóóZzgLL‚³Ãc*]óóÆÏgzVÐZsx6, 92 gz×ìâgÑZ!ÐX
294
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÌzZgK‰XZDw»Zq-2nqìāLLZDwÃt¥x7åāZKãOçDc*=Z#ZÒŠ 03 ¥â]Å!F,¹äDZzgZÒŠÃÑixzFzx¯Šc*ìXóó
ÆáZŠsƒVÂZDwZ,DÃLL+B5ÿEE
GL"g¥óóë÷Zzg=ÃLLÓx1†óóŒÛZgŠï÷XZðx@äT§Š»f™Hìz{=Zzgz].Zy»7ìÉZÒŠZzgZZy»ìX®ZZðx@»tIāZDw»È{¿"‚z"òÃMä4ì**gzZìXZDwÅ‚Zzgò³ZzgzZãìXz{G)9·Z7»÷Z²ÃyzZ‹y(6,ZqwÅãCŠgppÅS™D÷X
Z„k°jg~ÅtgZñā=ÃØg¶©V~Ñq-™äÅŠú]Šbc*Ózz].Zy6,ZqwÅãCŠguŠgzç**uìZzg¢zg]Zk!*]ÅìāØg¶©V6,=»œ¥s‡ìHYñZzgZqwÅãCŠ=zyŠ6,g¿Yñ;Šg|ZÒŠÅz»ªìXZðx@ÌZ#të÷āLLÅgZzgf‚Æ—U{gYZW,Z]ZzgâŠ~gzZ*»³ƒD÷óóÂtŠgZÝZy‚³Zzg‘:Ãc*]
øDèfs ÅF,)ãìXÅgzÐ|âŠ~Š*ìX°jg~ÅWZDwÆZÃgÆjZáÐì:
13 G6,ZqwÅãCŠgÄ =ÃWÐ�Û›723 Ñq-èØg¶©V7¼Ì7 t=�)z6,z,»‡ìDg
ZKyZLÇ·Z7и…ƒ™Îg`ÅÃúVä/ëg™Y:æOe$Ô)zZ]ZzgZpé]Æ${ð
GOgZ] 33 ìÔi0+ÏÅ^ïIEL@*gq-ÃH7™YX
zkÆ«™Š{÷X£tZvZzg£tZmŠ6,ZsxäizgŠc*ìXM`LL£tZmŠóó»1w!*ÑìpZÒŠÆË~aâVc*!*\c*ŠzâVÅ (Human Rights)
õØzF,šMÐøzx÷XtZKã£tŃÐ(,~Üszgi~ìXc*LLÑq-èØg¶©VóóƒCìª 43 p=Z#LLZŠ[pgŠø0LŠwóóƒCìX
z].Zy»ŠgzqÝ™Cìc*ZKyÆÇ·Z7Æ”w~@zçzy0
394
HZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?
(ä 53 YCìÂZK+MÆa¯iz#b»:Lk�ìXzk)G}.Z»¯xåZq-ŠgkŠc*ìZzgz{©ìT6,ZqwÅãCŠg¿Y$Ëìp=
(6,ZqwÅãCŠg„z¿ÆZ_Og~2ƒ**ìX 63 )Z0+6;ñÍ**VÍVZKyZÒCK»Dggì÷Ô#ZzgzmYgq:x6,4~2gì÷ÔLƒðŠJÂVÃ}.Zz0+»ŠgzŠï÷ÔÀJ-�Z·ZKÃw½My${ð
GOg™D¸
M`ág~6,izgŠ}gì÷X°w7g~˜÷āZDwä',}Vŧb(,}�lzyzlÐ=zyŠ
ÅÃÅìXñßs»tgDyāZDwÆ„~gzbf[Æ%ƒÈ5÷ÔZq-Z(Øtì�›ë»ZŠgZu7™0*@*Xgzòä',}Vй¬=bðZzg“¨ÿ
GL´ÅZ˜q]ZEw™Æ=ÅÃZzgz].ZyÅ×e$ÅçZàäÒÆg−)Ã{u~5Šc*åXZkK~›!¨¾æ EO+à 73 ¶X
„ –wZDw',}Väz].ZyÃ=z 83 6,¼xqÝìX ].h+f[Æ\VÅF,¹c*C¹ìXZkZ±gÐZDw—',}VÃÌLLyŠŠÔóó (intellect)
I**gzZìX@*ë–w°jg~LL',}Väz].ZyÃ85Òï EEOGÆ|x~ZEwHZzgZLZkGz2ů6,āZDw»${ð
GO§G',}VÆLL�bø
IIL§]óó 93 ìXóó
²ZDw 04 ÅœZñ!*i‚ìÔz].Zy±85Òï EEOGÃZDwЙ[™Šc*ìXÆ4,Šq-LLzu‹z].Zãóó85Òï EEOG»7ÉLLÅg»gz×óóìXLZuZ§pŠ~óÆŠâd»M¸iZk¿ÐƒZå:LLtzu‹z].Zãc*Åg»gz×`TÐÓx
‘Õä O)ZDw6,Z„k°w 14 ZKã{]z_.!*]z')45é GEOG]!h42.ç GEGƒD÷'Xóó7g~»Z²ZÄyŠŠ#:ÜsßìÉZyÆ*yLL»&ÿEL=zz].Zyóó~Šg`”{9MgZ»ZDwÐÃðm„7ìX7g~Â[ŧbZk*y~Ì=»T§bZEwƒZìÔz{Ñ$þ
JLd7ìX
494
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
3333q²äŒÛMyzug$ÆjZáБÐêLZâÅZÌz¢zg]Òy™
ÆZDw6,š/~p)f)ŠZgZ:ZzgѪWÅìXqÑèZDwäŒÛMy„ÆjZáБÐêLZ�ÃLLZ±gèMŠxóó¹ìZzg7À.ïGLZâÃy§MŠxŒÛZgŠc*ì:
24 7À.ïGLZây§MŠxZ„ ‘ÐêLZ�Z±§MŠxZ„ZDwÆ9Ä~ùúV~7À.ïGLZâÅÂEzSñ�ŠìX
LL:p!*h+™ŠZ}ZZxÑtóó~¹ì:7À.ïGLZâiZuZghZ„ CÙpò|iZâZ§hZ„
34 ZuÿLZ,Õi7ÀêLZ$�çENEZ„ CÙāMc*‹}.Z‰wZ„
š~LL)�Ûóó~–ìā7À.ïGLZâ»M¸i�ÛRVÐ7ƒZÉZ#›âVä-g\ÆZ0+gíg¤ðÅÂz;VDzÕÅãCŠg¿XõZ6VäŠZ:»“HZzg»qÝ�ÛRVäÚX7À.ïGLZâÅ6,~øg}Ã{‡sÅìÔ$ðGNZЊz!*g{qÝ™XpZkÆ‚BÑŠ+�d$Z(g™äÐÈ
44 ¢zg~ìāt�d$Z3ÿXLhÆ‚BŠ#gBbìXLL\ÄætóóÆtZÃgÌÑ$þ
JLÂz÷:
b$›Ðê ELZÑzMÃt– i0+Ï4Z„zZŸt–54 CÙ—Z,ígZ|q „ÕgZ}.Z;.ç
EGLM
DZzgGZKyÆZqÐi~Zz™s÷XÈÒñðZyŠzâVZz™s»Z•ðuJ-qïƒ@*ìXŠzâVÐpŠ~LƒCìZzgDZ¤/Áy:ƒÂ
“‹æzx@Z‹œ»Šgzg‚rì:F,}Dz›Å7ìZ•Ãð
64 7ì�Ð(,|™‚¯¡]~âZÃð
594
HZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?
pŠ~ƒDÐœ$ðGL)‹ƒs74 Z¤/ƒGÐœÂߧZuZ>
z{DÁy~T~ë)g784 “‹æzx@Z‹œ!
�~ 94 LLYzh+**)óó~!3›å GOŠ£â]6,Dz®ÅZÌZY¤/ÅìX7À.ïGLZâZzgDz®6,ZDwäZkŠgizgŠc*ìā 05 Ìtgzl',Z',‡ììX
eZ˱†ZväZDwÃ÷á²Æ´z{‚³!¨¾æEO¹ìZzgZkÅÂô8iïELfs
ZÖp~Åì:~äZ¹‚³!¨¾æ
EOZka¹ìāZ,V䂳Ãc*‹].h+ÐÃZ+{QVc*Zzg‚³§i»gZzg‚³u`6,izgŠ}™Z`ZÆ‚B‚BÔZŠgZu!*£ZkÅZÌŒðXZDwä
ŒÛMyˆ ¬ÅêL¡]Ã|ŒÛZgŠ}™ÔZkÅh6,QgZXZ,VäÅiz‚³gzâHZzgè<ØZzg‚bÄŠM„z¿
15 ŒÛZgŠ¶ÅOñZ¹Zq-Šzu}»çzyU*"$HX›yè<ØÐzZÕÆ!*z�ŠÔ‚b~úƒäÆ:LÔ
?0+Ï»¶Ky¶ƒñ÷XŠzu~§sZ3ÿXLf[Ô‚³¾Ñ]Š3äÆ!*z�ŠÔZÒŠÐzZÕÆ!*)ÔŠ¿ZK+Më)bÐ�]ŠÑä~**»xgì÷XZDwè<ØZzg‚bc*Gzik,ÅÆZ·Zuz¬zyÐZq-5Š*ð™äÆMgizq÷XLLYzh+**)óó~GJ0*÷áÅi!*yÐë÷
āZ3ÿXLf[Æaik,Å‚¯§]ìZzgZ3ÿXLætÆa»Ñ]»gZièGìXik,ÅGÅæŠÐhÙkk�ì²»§Gik,ÅÐœZ‚kƒ@*ìXZ#G=Ðë)gƒ@*ìÂZq-*˜yy™@*ìXZk6˜yƪx
ZDw»IìāZ3ÿXLf[ÐÎiz‚iŵ 25 ÆaGZzgik,ÅÃ5ŠzX
694
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
35 gppÆOñZ3ÿXLætÃ*˜yy™**ecXZyØZ@Åñ�ŠÏ~ZDwÃ#³èDZzgyŠŠÔì»Ãð�Zi7X
ZDwäh]~–ìāLLZsx»¼gZ`Zð=»¼gìXZsx~"3ðEEO]aèZLcZ•¾wÃVˆÔ®ZZk»{Ø¢zg~ƒŠHXZk~t÷ZN©VìāZKyå–gzV6,i0+Ϭ7™YXŧfZ]ÅŠÆa
Zk6,LLÑV$óóÆæk,ä 45 ¢zg~åāZKypŠZLz‚bлx¢8¼XóóZ‹ZnaŠc*āLLZDw䓨ÿ
GLZKãÃzk6,F,ߊ~ìXóóæk,ñßsÅtß.
ZDwZk=Æqò÷�zkÃKZzgZÐ',zñ»gÑä~æŠ 55 ¶XŠ}ZzgZkÅ#¿:™}XtzŸs#ƒ_ìāyŠZ#zkÆÜsŒz]
™CìÂZDwZkŒz]»¹�™D÷Xt»gzZðŠZ$øEI
LâgZãc*GÆ.Þ6,ƒCìXHZk¯6,ZDwÃLLyŠŠÔóóIec?ZkÆaZq-Vw6,g™**¢zg~ìX
ZDw¢ðGO]Æqò÷XËäLt7¹āZDw#³è¢ðGO]c*¢ðGO]ŠÔ÷²LL¢ðGO]ZzgŠ+óóÆi%æGLÄZyZDw˜÷:
ÑŠ,ƒÂìi8çXLhIÐÌ(,|™65 ƒŠ,Å™«~ÂCÙiCÙ»F,c*t!
é]Zq-ßg]~iCÙìZzgŠzu~ßg]~F,c*tX¢ðGO]ÑŠ+ƒÂZDwZkÆ#³÷XŠ+Å™«™}ÂZkÆqò÷X¸qw=ZzgD»ìX=ZzgD̸'÷XZq-!*]ÂtìāZDwZÝZÌG±zkÊï÷āz{LLQÅZ2[óóìZzgDªCÙìāLLZ#èEELZ2[óóìXZϧb=pŠ¾nƒCìZzgt!*]ZDwÆZq--g82n6,zWgZ³gËäÌtÅ
=Zzgzk»�ÛtZDwäZk§bzZãHì: 75 ìXΛpŠ‰:‰Î›) “¨ÿ
GLpŠÁ¸…Zi‹›)
794
HZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?
85 ŠgóéΊz‹›! zkh"545å EGEGÒΛ!Šzu~!*]tìāŒz‹yŠÅ§bZ#DÌzkÆÜsŒz]™@*ìZzgže$»!*)áCìÂZDwZkDä¨CŒÛZgŠï÷XZkDÐvÅSz{LLÈÒfzóó™ÄÂ!:0óóÈ™™D÷XLLYzh+**)óó~ZDwäLLõ¾‹¬ÅêLŒÛMãóóÆi%æGLÄZy)1(Ü¢ïEGLMŠx)2(Ó!ïGLZÅ:ö XW
)3(Zgnoè}.Z„Zzg)4(Õ;.ç EGLMZ„Æf~ÄZy‡ìK÷X
ZDwX‹¬ÅêLŒÛMãÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷XZk~Ãð—7ìXé]ÌZvÅÚìZzgZDwZkÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷@*ëZmZYðZzg',Zð»Z®gŠ´c*ÑŠ´ƒä6,ìX¸qw=zD»ìXLLÕ;.ç E
GLMZ„óó~ZDwë÷:95 D!*GZ„Ziу»V! D"GZ„Zi¤¨»V
ZzgT§bZDw6,LL#ÅýL¸]óóƒä»Z‹ZnzZgŠ7ƒ@*ZϧbZ¹LLyŠŠÔóóZzgLL#ÅýLDóóIÌßìXZDwäDzkÃñe$脹
16 @*ëz{ËŠzu~!*mcÄ6,EÄ8k0î OG“¨Ò0î GGÃF,ߊï÷X 06 ìX
894
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
gzZe$ZzgŒz]Ô™78 1XWZzgiWÔ™451 2X
ZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]02Ô112Ô121Ô221 3X4c*ŠzVÅ',Z]Ô™171 5XZDwZq-÷á²Ô,]95Ô36D36 6X7âx);ZÑsxÔZDw�Ô†g~8791YÔ™131 8XLLZDwóó�Ñð8891YÔ™25 9XLLÈxzïóóÅZq-g!*¦ÔfZ!LLyz*y~ZD1]óóÔ~**BMiZŠÔ™49 01X
)~ZŠ[Ô�Ñð0991YÔ™76 11XZDwøg}x÷á²Ô,]42@*62 21X31XZDwZq-÷á²Ô,]151X251 41X£Ñ‹ZDwÔ,]97X08 51X
X01&085ÔfZ! Encyclopaedia of Religions and Ethics 61XZÆ',58YÔ™1 LLZDwóó'
LL:p!*h+™ŠóóÅZ’Z~LLlZ#ÒÂ[óóÆÄZyÐZDwäPZÃgLLyŠóó 71XÆ!*g}~¾÷XªÄì:
3Ó@*i{',Z0xZizÑ"ìGGLGāŠgwxç}ZiŒz‹yŠZ„
ÓZzg÷á²D!*8-èŠgZ 81X�Zƒ“{D!*8-èŠgZ 91X!*ÁƒsÔ,]72Ô57 02X12X™¬D!*Áƒs 22X
KèŒÛ\D!*Áƒs 32X42X
994
HZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?
ZDwäLLi1§Yóó~¹ì:CÙŠz'-.ç EEEágzZVCÙŠzZ(.çGL»gzZVÔ=/Òò',Š 52XG',Š¤V¤VXh]~˜÷āLLZq-bzUbzU|èh6,Š,kqÝ™@*ìZzgŠzuZð®ZÇóóXZÝ„g]øDfsì:
The one grasps Reality piecemeal the other grasps
it in its wholeness. )�GZi+cÔ™2(¸‹GÐCÙ-Ã!*Ñ™Š}&ŠCÙ~Z\êL·åÐZYÑ™Š})�Zƒ“{X!*8-èŠgZ( 62XZŠÒ]D¢[èæXzZãgìāÐZ£ÆwÆ_.LL!*8-èŠgZТƒ 72XæJ-ZDw»gzt=Æ!*g}~JÐJF,ƒ@*Y@*ìXóóÐZ£=Å×e$™Dƒñ˜÷XLL~ešMZvÆaY**eLƒVÔ 82X
ZkÆz‚b�ÛZë™**Zzg»g~~把bÔt»x¾»ì?'egz**eg=„»**x¢87,@*ì'~',R,hgËÆJZ:ìÑ]»�Z[reLƒVXt»x¾»ì?Z\kt»xÌG»7=»ìXQ=~Z+ÃyÏ',ZðìāZkЊ#g¿YñXóó)ZDwZq-÷á²Ô™95(ÎZwtìāM\eÆaYVY**eT÷Zzg',R,hgËÆJZ:ìÑ]»�Z[YVreT÷?ªCÙìāt£œÔ9·Z7ЛªGc*ZZyÆ�MD÷XKÅ!*]¸ìāZDwZk=Å#¿7™DXZk=ÃZDwLLŠZ$ø
EILâgZãóóë÷ZzgZkÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷X@*ë=»ZEw
ÈgZ:ópŠ¾Ÿ:óoN:Zzg@Z:̃@*ìX=ÕZzgZ¡wŵ/È~Ì™CìZzgZÒŠÆ�Ûzr»!*)Ìk�ìXHZ+ßg]~ÌZkÅ×e$¢zg~ì?7g~g!*¦8iïELfsì: 92X
)ZgèÈsiÔ™552(
yŠŠAZ¤/ŠwÅó{ИVgz×ìâ§ÆäMS[Ð�Zu¤/Š¶÷áxzHì
Z¤/ŠB�Ûz¼$z)Ð!_¬ZzgY,}ÔgZ+g**BæZÔ™64 03XMy~çwD!*8-èŠgZ 13X${ðG
OsD¢[èæ 23X005
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
¢ƒæÅÄLLiâUq¢»ZKyóóÆi%æGLÄZyZDw˜÷: 33XM`J-¢3}Ïî
EG0œz¢g™:e ZKÕÆnz@~Q{Z(
i0+ÏÅ^ïIEL@*gq-H™:e TäÎg`ÅÃúVä/ëgH\ÄætÅÄLL\Ä',}VóóÆi%æGLÄZyZDwë÷: 43X
'ā$k0î EG�0!Zz;Ä!*ëZ„“¨ÑõGÅg‚VāZŠ[pgŠÒŠwZ„
ZDwäLLGóóÃÔLLKèŒÛ\óó~}.Z»gÎwZzg}.Z»¯x¹ìX 53X°jg~äZDwÆZkÄ:§]HììwzÃÅìz!&pŠ~Åñ]ì 63XZ0+6;ñÍ**VÍV!)!*ÁƒsÔ™34(ÃÌLLuŠgzç**uóó¹ìX)ZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]121X221(ìwzÃ6,Ç·Z7»_.[zGYYñÂZDwZÐi0+Ïë÷XZKyÐ!*ÑF,ÜsZvÅfZ]ìZzgZÏ»_.[zGZKyÃZK+MÆ—F,£â]6,Ã,™YìXLLZ0+$pî GI0;ñÍ**ÍVóóZK+MÃ
ZZzg„ŠZ•îVŧsŠrŠïgì÷X,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDw»Ã›=zGóóÔZieZË÷zàZ−+,]39@*201 73X
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ²z•ZDwÔ™343 83XZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]711Ô121 93X04X£Ñ‹ZDwÔ™391 14XÂ]4üGL§‹$Ò0î OG'DZuZ§pŠ~ 24X:p!*h+™ŠZ}ZZÄÑtDš~:p!*h+™Šì)�Û 34XXZÃg»|xÒyHŠHìz{8iïELfs÷: 44X
ZuÿLZzbÉåELO]ZXŠ– 7À.ïGLZâ�ÛāiZŠ–Z,÷ZiŠïGLâZëŠ{Z„ (Z¤/|›ViZŠ{Z„
DzÕgZ¯Šv.Š aV²[Z0+gZgz0*6,¤ŠquÒø
IZ�ÛÐV',ŠZ]45å IGE ŠZ:MVõZ$h45éEIGEV»]45å IGE
!*iÂlÁāZzZi»½â„ Z,6,~Zi]4pî IGI0Zs½â„iZVāZz!*Z3ÿXLhŠZgŠUn pZi�#/õ GEÑŠ¶¤/m,
zZãgìāZ3ÿXLf[ä›âVÐ7À.ïGLZâqÝ™Dz‰ÜZy»Š+Jw7HåX…Ì‚³ExÅÆŠzgZyZyÅÑŠ+�d$Ф/m,™**ƒÇX
105
HZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?
7¿D\Äæt 54Xƒ»ZsxD!*8-èŠgZ 64X!*ÁƒsÔ™29 74XDZzgŠ+D¢ƒæ 84XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZ3ÿXL%õÔZ$+Zà 94X
}Zq-£x6,˜÷āLLZÝ|Âtìā-g\»¡Òiªî EE0].h+ZkœZ‰Ü» 05X
o]ìā¾§bZKy[ZzgèI"ƒŠ7VÃgh™My»g¡]ZvÆŒÛd$Y(ìT6,è<ØèZsxFFìZzg÷}4,Šq--g\Åf6@*gõZsxÅœZ‰Ü»Zq-¬o]ìX›âVììāDZ¤/u~ÌAÂZkÃqÝ™zXóó)£Ñ‹ZDwÔ™512(£uåLZDwÔ,]232X332 15X
ZÃg8iïELfs÷: 25X35XѪVgZGgZ¯»Ñ] ¾ÒVgZik,Å‚¯§]»§GZiik,ÅœZ‚k ik,ÅZiG¤/ŠŠhÙk$©øEGI
L"5å EEL¬ÅêLŠvØŠ GaV!*ik,Å[ØŠGgZ!*ik,ÅMöŠ{ &zî¬ÅêLŠv"0î EE
i0+ÏgZÎiz‚iZi**§o¬ÅêLâM�Ûh+y»§o!
)Ñtz¾[DYzh+**)(h]Ô�GZi+cÔ™101 45X
Zk„g]ÐZDw»AtìāZ[Ë5t]Æ–g}Å¢zg]7X2 55XLL8-ê
EGL"3ðEEO]»Ñtìāøg~ŠZ½zZgŠZ]ÅŠ*~Ì66b8çXLD»
ZÏsƒXóó),ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:LLZD1]±2+k,*i~Xóó,]272@*472(é]ZzgŠ+D¢ƒæ 65XgZ³g˘÷āLL˜VJ-ZDwßÃZzgpŠ¾nÒÅè#Ö™D÷ 75X~ZyÐ5ƒVXZÒGg~M@*ìāLZßwZK(Šg„p'óZk
LLpóóƈ{ñÙÐTÒ»ZÖgƒ@*ìz{¸ÒìTÅè#Ö205
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZDw)Zzg~Ì(™D÷XóógZ³gËät²:gZñÉ™LLpóó»pŠZEw™Šc*ìXZy»Z†]ìLL1t=»¹„özŠ${ð
GOgìóóX)ZDwZzg
Zy»�xÔ™8(t]ß.aZ™@*ìXZÝZëÎZwtìāLLpŠ¾nÒóóäTLLâœ~�d$óóÃÀŠc*Zk»ZŠgZuzZ‹ZsHYñZzgZk»ZiZ!™Æ
ZdF,+ZܹZŠZgÃ�ÛzrŠc*Yñ�ÜsG)zk6,ZNŠzZ‹y(ů6,eìXâœ~�d$Æ7ÃÜsâŠ~æƒCìZzgZkÐ!*ÑF,Zܹ
ZŠZg"pƒYC÷X),ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGԣыœÔ,]401@*801(èÃg{¿ÆÅgZ³gËÅ„g]ÑëÂzìX˜÷LL="3©pî EEE�özŠ7Étz{Úì�LGóÆ÷á:tK:7g~ëM°Æ‚Bzsè¿g�ÅZqgBbìX=LLGóóÆ‚Bï™»x™$ËìÉ™**ecXóóZDw»¸!í�ìXLL»§GZiik,ÅœZ‚kóóZzgLLGgZ!*ik,ÅMöŠ{óó»|xìXÓ#ÖèZÅ:ö XWDYzh+**)ÔZyZÃg~ZDwäCc*ìāpŠÎ=Æ&4øFG
ILÃ 85X
ÜsZC¢Šƒ@*ìÔŠzuzV»7ƒ@*²ZvŧsÐ**iw”{zkƒ»ÃZ+{7ÃgBbìX
Õ;.ç EGLMZ„DYzh+**)Xªz{D�GÐ**£ƒÜs
+B5ÿEE
GL"g¥„ 95X7Ñ»ÈÌìÔ²G»‚BŠ¶zZÑDZK+MÆ�Ûzr»!*)áCìXŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ$h½5ÿ
GIGL].h+ZÅ;5é XG‹ZsðÔ™191 06X
LL‘ÐêLªCÙzD!*íóó~ZDw˜÷āLLcÄÃD6,F,ߊbèIZ±gÐCÙn 16XÅgG+MÅaìZzgdZ±gÐZyÓxEÄ8k0îGO“¨Ò0î G
GÅ**tìXÅz‚¦ÐZKyÂĬÝÆòÃ’™ÆZkiâyzkyÅŠ*6,Ó#Ö™**FìXóó)ZâZ§ZDwÔ%"0î GOEaZ£eZgÔ™962(
/'/'/
305
HZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?
405
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
MZV!*[
HZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG
O§Gãì?
».$zs\.-ôGÅtgZñ܃_ìāZDwäGÃZYÑZzg=6,ŠJzZ1wŠc*X\.-ôGÆ4,Šq-ZDwÅZsò_."н7gVÆË~›
1 $hå GIOŠZzg7491Y»¢5ÿGG
L¬xƒZXZôm,zVÅÝòÐ�]Æ‚B„›yyzîVÅõòJw™feZzg0*Îy‡ì:ƒ@*Â7491Y»¢5ÿ
GGL¬x:ƒ@*XpÎZwtìā›ZÒe$
Æ´º„MiZŠ~ÐøzxYVg÷?·Š-VÃ!*CÙЦ~Ñ™ZyÅMiZŠgc*„‡ìÅXæ¹�g~Pâ{ÆYŠZ]ÆZ&+zk6,Z£ZƒgZñÆaŠ!*îeZÑŠHTÆË~|ðZÒe$»´‘MiZŠƒŠHXZkÆ',@ò~ZZx�{ÅZ£ZƒgZñÆh~ŒÛZgŠZŠzVÆ!*z�Šò~›âVÃZyÆhÐøzxHYg;ìXò~MiZŠ~Æaj~].z4ÑzqƒðÂZЊc¤/Š~»**xŠ}™ò-V6,"C{bÝeJñ‰XZKã£tÅÎZÑZò¡VÅZq-g7g^Æ_.Ô�,œ~ÆMyJ-ÔZWDÙZgò-VÃLHY[åX99DÙZgÃiÂHŠHåX29DÙZgä/ëgHŠHåZzg72DÙZg
2 yZzg»gz!*g~%Zœ/2+gM>K‰¸X¸š¸g]MiZŠ~Å)©à7zßw™g;ìXZkzßà6,Zzg
_.!îE0MiZŠ~Ã_Æa‚]ÑÄ©¯YÔ»ggzZÇV~zs÷XZϧb0*Îy‡ìƒZÂyzZÒe$õuƒXyz*y½ÆàzVZzgŠŒÂV
505
{mîg6,Š‹~›âV6,çÑzqƒ‰XßâgƒðÔy°ñ‰XM',zgm,~ƒðZzg›âV»O¬xHŠHXYyX™X›âVä0*ÎyM**e;ZyƇjV6,çK‰Zzgz{ƒ¼ƒZT»${ð
GOg„ÑouìXtZÝ@*gõì
&\.-ôGäÃZ0+ZiHìX‘Õä O)ZDwäZsò_."н7g>É™Zzgy~›âVÃËZg™ÆÃðx7HXò-V»Z£ZƒgZñ»_cÌ
pT§bò~â�ZâVÃZfe$Æ%Zœ/~áY™d$ 3 ß7ìX»¶K:¯**Ô›âVÃO™**ÔZyÆyZzg»gz!*g~%Zœ/°**ZzgƒÐ(,|™úgÂVÃ"M',z™**ZyƲ:_«»¸g]ŧsÐ�Z[ìÔZϧbªÄ0*Îy»�Z[7491YÆ¢5ÿ
GGL¬xÅßg]~Šc*ŠHX›ZÒî
´V~Zk¢5ÿGG
L¬x»�gœè¿ƒZ\.-ôGäZÐZÝzZîÆîg6,7HìZzgqd/õ IG~ÉŠc*ìā)›Ì',Z',Æ6,$hå GIOŠ¸X\.-ôGäZk§b7491Y
Æ¢5ÿGG
L¬xÅf)ŠZg~›âV6,ZzgZDwÆ${ðG
O§G6,eZwŠ~ìXt@*gõÃ*™**ìXZDwyz›YŠZ]Æ#³¸ZzgZkK~ZyÅZ&—
4 ZjZwÅÃlgkge6,÷X2222
Z„k°jg~ZzgZyÆczîVäZDwÃ:ÜsyŠŠÔŒÛZgŠc*ÉZyÅ×e$èGzz].ZyÃÌßIZc*ìXZkK~�LLŠÑbzØZ@óó7K÷z{c*ÂZDwÐ)0÷Zzgc*ZDwƯÄÄz�ÃÔù¦îg6,ÔÃZ0+Zi™Æ7
K÷X°jg~˜÷ā–w',R,hgËLL',}VÆ�»¸z¡
gzZî${ðG
Os6,ŒìXZkÆZ°gÅCÙŠ+m,~»!*)Zk»Ã›�bøII
L§]ìXZkŃÐ(,~].]tìāZkä${ð
GOs6,Zg»Zzg8©3©ï
GGGGLiây»k0+Î
c*ìXóó',}VÆ!*g}~gËÅtgZñܙưjg~ä–ìā Š
605
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
LLZDwÌZq-ß°÷�!3{ð GOÃ:Z°gÅ=ô',}VÆg8-~™ÆZ¹5°jg~'×h+˜÷āLLZDw»G',}VÅ 5 ^zßg]ŠbeT÷Xóó
�bøII
L§]ÅœZñ!*i‚ìªZ+!¸‹§]TäÂħ]ÃZkÆ°jg~äz{LLØZ@Zzg›ëóó7K÷X 6 ‡ìz',ŒÛZgg3ƒZìXóó
Zy!540î EGOE›tzØZ@ 7 ů6,z{85Òï EEOGzz].ZyÅ=zyŠ6,(Š]Ãgœ™D÷X»mZDwÐÔ&+g=',}V�hZŠHìXtîscÔßc*9Z¹',}VÆ!*g}~ì²}}ZDw»f™ÌHìXtLL›ëzØZ@óó¿U8iïELfs÷:
',}VHìāZ#85Òï EEOG=ÆŠîƒäÐpŠMÇ{ )1(ƒCìÂz].ZãÃZ¼g5+k,ƒD÷Íc*z].ZãÃZ
=„Åð÷XZkatŠúò™**āz].Zy=ÅŠ™@*ì**‡&ÿELûìX
6,(mood) z].ZãÝ]»Z®g˿ƺmg&ëEYL'×Z` )2(ƒ@*ì�&+Z‹pŠËÅZëŠÔñÌÅp~ZzgâjwÆÍ**ÍVZW,Z]Æ‚BzZhƒ@*ìÔZkaZkÆZ~.Kƒñ}ò6,½z‚7HYYXz].ZyÆ',@=ÆZ~.™Š{}òg&ëEYL'×Z`ÅŒéy4gö GIÆZ`7ƒZ™DXz].ZãÝ]„ŠZzgpЃ$Ë÷XZL$©�î EG
0ÃÅgz )3(ÐZDwÃ�Z£uy~Æz].ZyŧbZ#èEEL²!Æx@Z]Ézh+Z&43ð EG
GVÆ%æELzZyÃÌ9t™**7,}ÇXz].ZãÝ]»ŠZzg—ƒC÷XZy~Àè»g8-aZ )4(7ƒY�Z¹‡&ÿELûZzg‡&ÿELZÖg¯Š}XZÖgzZšrÆaz].Zy=»Z`ìX',}VZzgZDwë÷ā85Òï EEOGZzgz].ZyZŠgZ¿|Æ )5(
705
HZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG
O§Gãì?
‡.Þ÷²=ZkÆZŠgZuÐmzgìXZ¤/z{[Z+ÑwÐZkË6,ã÷ÂZyÆÃbÆ_.t
³ßìZzgZ¤/z].ZãÙzáŠÐt³Z~.Hì–wpŠZyÅÔz].ZãÝ]**‡&ÿELZÖgƒC÷XÏZ*�eäs¹ìā=ÆŠÔÌZkÅ**g‚ðU*"$™äÆa[Z+Ñwлxfe÷XXŠÑbÐ=Û$þ
JLZâÆZŠgZuÆ**‡.ÞŒÛZgŠc* )6(
Y@*ìz„Ùzz].ZyÆÜsZEwKYMh÷X',}VZzgZDw»ìwìāz].ZãÝ]ÃPÏ]Ð )7(ic*Š{îw7Šc*YYXZkaz].Zy6,ËÃbÅãCŠ7g¿Y$˲[Z+ÑwZzg‚³ïÃVZzg',ÎVîwŠc*YYìXOçdZÏs6,Š*½Æ‚bŠZâV»Z·tƒY@*ìX²t!*]ß°Åz].ZãÝ]Æ
07ÈMhXz].ZyD»]gzâ~.70YZkaāz{ZKÝ]Å )8(°p™äЇÜìÔZyÆZÖgzÒyЬbìā
ZÖpzF,ZI=zÅg„Åð÷2=ÅæŠÆ%z].ZyZKÝ]~9zßÅ×7™YXZDwäh]~ßBÆÙzáŠÐZ+ÑwHì )9(
p2gzVÃÃZ0+Zi™Šc*ìqÑèßBÅÚZyÅz].ZãÝ]ic*Š{‡&ÿELZOŠƒC÷X|tìāÄZÈ[Æ÷á‚gzV„~„zZˆk»9z™ÔZâZ`¿~MYìX
805
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
v[ZKyz„ƒ@*ìTÆ_.!*]zZˆ‚]=Å0*òã )01(~ƒVZzgF,¹c*CZzg!-)åGOyçÑ{ZйY@*ìTÆ
Z�ÛZŠÅ85Ò54è EEOGG"gZ{gz:ƒä0*N²gzÎZzgZDwŧbÓxyŠŠÔõZáZzg$+ze$ŽŠï÷X/ZãF,¹Æa¢zg~ìāZKyÎa™™PzZã·Z-V»
•™}ZzgQZyÆ”wÆaÚÅg~ÃÒ™}Xõ_èELZÜt»Z®gÌZk!*]6,ìāZKyÆ_.!*]Zzg )11(85Ò54è EEOG
GZkÅ=ÅO†~g÷XízÑ»z�Š[ìXtgzi%{Æx@}Å!*]ìāZì&Zzgß»gßvz„ƒD÷XÅ85Ò3ð EEOGV6,=zyŠÅ¤/Ä$zg7,YCìX[’¹åZZĬÝÆ(ϲz`ÆiââV~¢Ò )21(
g„÷²yŠŠ#ZzgçÑCÝw»aàŠZð»‚Bg;ìXZyÓxŠÑbаjg~t³Z~.™D÷ā=ÓxZñeÅgKìZzg=„ZKyóZyПi™Cì285Òï EEOGzz].ZyÐÌ=Ŧ{úð„~»x1YYìX
3333=Å×e$~Z„k°jg~äŠÑb»eƒZk§bÎc*ì‰
ËÎZ¦CI}~‡Z+èZ-ZyŒÛZgŠZŠÆh~Î@*ìXZŒÏ]~=zyŠÅ#¿ZzgGzz].Zy 8 ‡&åJLxƒZ%sZyŠÑbÅF,Šh+™ŠêìX
Å×e$~̹¼¹ŠHìX}eZË‚]ŒZâgZL*yLLZDwÔgzòZzg',}Vóó~˜÷āZKã¢zgc*]7gZ™ä~Šzu}fgZùÆ´z{=ÌZK»g¦/Zg~Š3CìXpZϽ|Æa=)¢zg~„
905
HZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG
O§Gãì?
7ÉFz�{Ð]åOègZ{ÌìXtË|ÃÌ%‹tK™7$ËXM\TÚ»Ì${ð
GOgÙ=M\Æ‚tZkÆZbZñF,0ÌÑ™7™Š}Ï
ZzgZk§bÚÅzu]ÃÒ]~Ë™Š}ÏXfZ‹¿Zq-zZã|ìXZk»ZŠgZuëƒÃ',ZÓgZ„ƒ@*ìpZ+&4èEGOE|ÃÌZ#=KÅ[™CìÂtzZã7ƒ@*āz�›—¹Vì?Zm]ÔZïgZzg§Š=»{™ìXZKyÆ„Š„~${ð
GOgZ]ÅÑ®ZŠVBøg}M\Æ‚t
÷X=‹tZzg§Š„Å7ÔÉë‹kãÅ0*ÈZzgZò[zCÅõxÌìXiâä»[${ð
GOgÌkãë]»inpgŠ{ìXZyë]ÆâzgZY**G9 Æfg)eìX
ZkÆ´z{Ì=ÆÔCÙÒpÐÔx:ƒäÆ[ŠÑb¹pŒVçnãCŠ~îg6,ZìXZ„k°jg~ÆŠÑbzØZ@Šz 01 ÷X
GzçV6,FF÷Zzgz{Gz2›ëÆo°÷XZq-Gz£tìāZDw»${ðG
O§G',}VÆ�bøII
L§]ÅœZñ!*i‚ìX°jg~ä!*g!*g85Òï EEOGzz].Zy»f™fZ!',}VZzgZDwHìqÑèZDwÆ${ð
GOäLOG~85Òï EEOGÅ
w7�',}VÅ�bøII
L§]~ìXZDw»GÔ85Òï EEOGÅF,¹c*C z{7ìXZDw85Ò3ð EEOGVæSgZ{6,ÎäÆqò÷XZkK~z{=ÐÌ»xheƇb÷ÔpÇZ®gZvŧsЫ™Š{@Ze$6,™D÷XZkaā=pŠ<pZ÷]ÅŠ»ÔpZ{z{ß„YV:ƒVÔMÈî0»g0YCìX
°jg~ä–ìāz].ZãÝ]»Z®g˿ƺmg&ëEYL'×Z`6,ƒ@*ìT~ñÌÅp~ÉâjwÆÍ**ÍVZW,Z]ŠîƒD÷X2z].ZãÝ]„Šƒ$Ë÷XtŠg„ìXZϧb[${ð
GOgZ]„Š
ƒMh÷Zzg„Š÷XZq-„ßg‹qwÆ!*g}~[MgZ»Zƒ**
015
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
gzi%{x@}Å!*]ìXË¿»z].Zy-ã̃YìXZϧbË¿Å=ÈgÔpŠÎÔpŠ¾nZzgeZ{ƒ$ËìXZKyÃTm]ZzgŠ2gÅÔìz{:ËzZu¿Æz].Zy6,«ìZzg:=ÆZŠs$+s${ð
GOgZ]6,X
Š2§§]T~i0+ÏÅZdF,+ZŠZg÷áï÷ZmCÅx]»%ƒÈ5 tìXtx]${ð
GO§Â©6,FF÷Zzg${ð
GO§Â©ZK»ïF,+ßg]~ŒÛMÈœ
~ôpìXOçZÝZzgZë!*]tŠ9ìāZDw»z].ZyHì?',}VÅ
œZñ!*i‚ŒÛZgŠ¶Ð¬tŠ9ƒÇā',}V»z].ZyHì?|t²ZDwÆ 11 ìā',}V»LLfz¾z].Zy!*g~¬\Æz�Š»qò7ìXóó
z].Zy»%œ/~ZvÅ�ìXpŠ~»%œ/z"g̸`ìXLLH¡¾æ ELZDw
»gì?óóÆi%æGLÄZyZk6,gzÝeZàY_ìXZDw™s/V~ë÷:GŠÄƒLÔGŠÁ@åG}.Z»gÎwÔG}.Z»¯x!GƵZ[Ð$™*î EE
0@*§§]!21 GÐ⧧]ÔGÐ**§§]
G»t${ðG
OgZDwÃ',}VÆOñgzòÐŒÛd$™@*ìX=zz].Zy°w7g~ 31 ÆK~',}VƉìÑ]ÅgzòÐLLtª]Z0ìXóó
äãCŠ~cÐgzòÊzgg3ì@*ā=zz].ZyÆ».Þ~',}V6,gzòÃ�$¨å GGOxqÝìZkŶKyŠ„:ƒZzgZDwÆ${ð
GO§G»â~.&óE‚ã',}VÅ
�bøII
L§]ÃŒÛZgŠc*YnX°jg~»ŠzuZßGz£tìāZDwyŠŠÔ÷XtzŸs#ƒ_
OçZ„k°jg~äaèßGzçV6,ZLŠÑbà 41 ìāZ(7ìXZ2ZgHìZkaz{ŠzgZi»g÷Zzg"se$»Dgƒ‰÷X
115
HZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG
O§Gãì?
tNÑ$þJLÂzìāZDw:=Å)æzo×e$™D÷:GÅX=
ÑÅMÈî0»gƒÂZDwZkÆ#³÷ZzgGß·Z7Æ‚BƒÔÂZDwGÅ#¿™D÷XZKâV»9·Z7ÜsZvìXZkДh+›ªGŒÛMyÅSìXCÙŠzu~Y,›Zk›Æ�ƒÏZzg**Y,›z6,-%ŠzŠzèñxXZkÐsÃZDw=ZzgGŠzâVÅZÌÃt™D÷ZzgZyÆ4,Šq-ŠzâVÆZâZ`Ð4+}òqÝKYMh÷XZDw˜÷ā
Zk»Ãðo]7ā„Zzgz].ZyZ¹Zq-Šzu}Å¡÷XŠzâV»u*Zq-ìZzgŠzâVZq-Šzu}ÅŠ»:L‘W÷XZq-bzUbzU8©3©ï
GGGGLh»
ZŠgZuqÝ™@*ìÔŠzuZð®ZÇXZq-Æ‚t|»Z$+~zZyz~UìŠzu}Æ&4øFG
ILÃiâãzŠE~XÍc*z].ZyZ¤/àz‰ÜÓx|ЯZ0+zi
ƒä»ÔÇgì„ZkgZ56,gugu™ŠxQV@*ZzgZkÆZZbZÅHz‰h+™@*`Y@*ì@*ā�ÛŠU�ÛŠUZy»x@{™nXŠzâVÃZK@*iÏZzg
XŒVZDwTz].ZyÅ!*]™gì 51 ¾e$ÆaZq-Šzu}Å¢zg]ì÷ZkÅâÎ-ã7m,ŠZãìX¯ÄZDw~TGÅÚ×e$ìz{9·Z7Лƴz{¼Zzg7ìX“iþ
ILgÎwåÔ_.ƒwxÔŒÛMyÐ
ÎîÔZ!ïGL0ÅËZg~ZzgZq-˜yâÅð»ZCZ[�MiZŠ~Ô)zZ]ZzgZpé]»%:ƒXtƒbCÙZÏ·Z7Æ!3›Ò¨é GOG]÷X
4444Z„k°jg~ÆczîV䡾æ E
LZDwÃ*™ä»¿Yg~g3ƒZìX6,zWÔZ°Ý»*yLL=zz].ZyÔ',}VZzgZDwÅÃ~óóZ+„ÃÒìXÔZ°ÝZL*yÆMy~˜÷:
LLZkÓxc»qÝtìā‘ÕäO)ZDwäè<ØZzgSîè4ï XELZsx~Z**ñÇZzgZ**ñZKãÆ${ð
GOgÃU*"$™ä
215
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Æa=zz].ZyÆÃc*]',}Vлga÷ÔZÉ40î EGO61 ZyÃc*]~ZK¢zg]Æ_.¼$¸ç G
OÃ]K÷XóóZϧb6,zWZâg™Št»*yLLZDwÆ${ð
GO§G»W~Y,{óó
XZ¤/p‰Zñg~°jg~ÐZ%s 71 °jg~ÆŠúîVÅ@*GzÂWìZâg™ŠtZDwÅ×"ìGGLGÃ@sZ‹Zn¯Dƒñ˜÷: 81 ÌHìX
LLZDwÆ${ðG
O§G~Z·xZzgZyÆZ+Ñw~ñ�ŠÜÅFZq-z�;]÷X6āëƒY…÷ZDw»¡Òiªî EE
0pŠ~ŠzÁÜ6,ŒìÔZÍwpŠ~Åâ:ZzgŠzxG»${ð
GOgXZDwÆ
¿ì ¡ÒiªîEE
0pŠ~»bÌZÍwªpŠ~Â',ZÓgZ„zu]Zß�Š»gáLOzu]Zß�Š Zzgx‹ŒÛMãÆÐ_.²bÌŠzxªGŒÛMÈœ~ Æ_.Zzgx]ŒÛMyÆ',@ÔYèÓx
G»${ðG
Og—ÂJ-7MZzg:}ug$~tZ˜bÃMCìX²D+%æEOZzg$¨¾æ
GEO6,ŒÛMy~YOizgŠc*ŠHìXZkaZDwÆ¡Òiªî EE
0pŠ~Zzg${ðG
O§G~�Z·xZzgëÏQìZkÅzztìāZ,VäpŠ~Æ‚BZPòé]Æîg6,=ÆOñGÃk„™Æ:Üs„ŠÁÜÊHìÉ
91 ŒÛMãx]ÅgzbÆÌo°ìX6,zWZâg™ŠtäZDwÆ${ð
GO§G~Z·x»XeZ˱†ZvÅ
’k,zVÐZ~.HìXeZˆZv˜÷āLLZDw»åÛG)SîZk»z{z�“¨Ò5é G
G]ÆwpÅwЂtM@*ì(‰Zz‡]ãÔë{ZzgƒY@*ì'ZDw»Ã›=ƒc*ÛGZKÝßg]~ßAV
eZËz©‚]äÌ 02 Zzg¬gVÆÛGÐÌic*Š{ë{ZzgëZ0ìXóóZkgZñÃZLZ0+Zi~™CÙZc*ìX˜÷āLLGÆ!*g}~‘Õä O)»$©�î EG
0Ã
315
HZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG
O§Gãì?
)zZãZzgãìZzg‘Õä O)Æ;VG»ÂH¢�g‚rìc*ZkÅz$|.èGE
OEHìZk»ÃðD7ƒ@*X-V‘Õä O)ÅGÅZ˜bzŸs#ÔZzg**‡&ÿELZšrìYèc¶î0=zG~GãZzg%æFNZuZgÏue$ÆÎZÃð|x7
12 g‚rXóóZyZ‹ZŸ]Æ&4øFG
ILÃtÎZÑ]aZƒD÷ā:
HZDw»${ðG
O§G',}Vлgì? )1(HZDw»${ð
GO§GãZzg)zZãì?Zzg )2(
HZDw»${ðG
O§GŒÛMyÆo°ì? )3(fs~ZyÎZÑ]»Y,{7HY@*ìX6,zWZâg™Št˜÷āLLT§bZDwÅGŠz4»gÍtÃgÏ
÷á²~ÆZW,Z]»³ìÔZϧbZyÅyŠŠ#»gÍtÌÃgÏ÷á²~ÆZW,Z]„Ð%"ìGOEƒZå'ZDwÅGŠz4ZzgyŠŠ#»u*ŒÛMÈœ7ÉÃgÏ÷á²~Zzg{0+Zãâjw„ÃŒÛZgŠc*YYì'ñÑ**°wZ−+ä�
¡ÒiªîEE
0z${ðG
OsŠzâVÐ7g~§bMÇ{Ô�Æ£«~${ðG
OsZzg=Æ£«~GÃF,ߊ¶ÑZzg-V›âV~yŠŠ#ÅgzZe$»M¸iH'yŠŠ#ÅZkgzZe$ÃT»M¸içZàZzggzòäHåZDwä�,œ~
22 ~ZK÷á²~Zzg�Æfg)MÐ(,JäÅÃÒÅXóóZy2Ÿ:MgZ~�!*]Ñ$þ
JLÂzìz{tìāGŠz4ZzgŸyŠŠ#
›yßAVÅœ-VÅgzZe$ìZzgZDwä',}VÐpZ{H„Z.Š{HƒÔZyÆ${ð
GO§G»â~.¡¾æ E
L',}V7ìXOç6,zWÔZ°Ý»°jg~Æâ~tZÜZgāZDwä=zz].ZyÆÃc*]',}Vлga÷Ô‡&ÿELJw7ìX
tŠúòāZDwÅyŠŠ#»u*ŒÛMÈœ7ìÔè$Z0ZzgeZ{Á
415
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZkaìāZDwyŠŠÔ7÷XŒÛMyÃœZka¹Y@*ìātÕ»�Z:ìXŒÛMy~»[g‚ª$ó[åÆ�Zz™sÒyK‰÷Zy~ÐZq-tìāz{ZKâVÃÕ2D÷XŒÛMyäD6,izgŠc*ìZzgZDwäŒÛMyÆjZáÐDzÕÅ°pÅìXLLHZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?óóÆ
i%æGLÄZy,M_ìXDzÕÆ�Ûzr~=»™ŠZg¹ZëìXZDwÃyŠŠÔìzZátJ-ÈwYD÷āZDwÑÕä O)¹Y@*ìÂDÅãCŠ6,Zzg
œZÑ#Ö¹Y@*ìÂÕzŠZøÅãCŠ6,XZ¹yŠŠÔIQy6,ßZ²ZxÎ**ìXŒÛMy~zD+',6,ÌizgŠc*ŠHìXÕÅ!*ÂVZzgZvŶKEVÃ
KÆaXZDwZ4sV~!¨¾æ EO÷XZDw!¨¾æEOLZsx÷Xz{!¨¾æ EOLuâtŠZg~Ô
!¨¾æEOLZ·ZKc*!¨¾æ EOL’á7÷X„zD+',»gcZ¤/ZsxŧsìZzg¸ŒÛMy»AìÂZDwÅZÌzZãìXZy»„ÔZy»D+',ÔZy»DZzgZyÅ
ÕzŠZøƒŒÛMyÅgzÝÐ!3ðEOg÷XZkZ±gÐZyÅyŠŠz4»u*ŒÛMÈœìX@*ë�„zD+',ÑŠ´Æ�ÛzrÆaz�ƒz{ŒÛMyÅAÆÜsìZzgZDwZkÅ#¿™D÷XtZ(„ì‰:æOe$Ô)zZ]ZzgZ8ðEO]Ã�ÛzrŠ¶zZàÓ#ÖÅ×e$ÅYñZzgZKâV»ÛÅWzZàÓ#ÖÅ#¿ÅYñXÃð'eì¯ÄZDw~ÃðëÏ7ì:
tDÔtÕÔtD+%æEOÔtÓ#Ö!32 ÃW÷ÛŠï÷$›Í-ê
GGL)zZ]!
Z‚E+{»e.@*ìÂDzŠZø»ic*Š{vyƒ@*ìÔZkaāßvZyÆjZáÐeZ„;D÷XeZ˱†Zv»ZD1]~Zë£xì
pZyÅZkgZñÐZ·t7HYYXgZ¶äîs²áJ-Z*Z}ÅR6,ZD1]»ŠgkŠc*ìXLZDwÆ${ð
GO§=zGÆK~ÃðZDwaZ7
ƒZXeZˆZvÆ4,Šq-GZ#=ÆwpÅwЂtM@*ìÂ
515
HZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG§Gãì?
{mîg6,ãZzgë{ƒY@*ìÔ²|tìāt».ÞÔ=zGÅic*Š{zZ・!*)áCìXtNKÆaZDwÆZ’ZðŠzgÅÄLL=zŠwóóZzg
ZDwä=ZzgGÆa�ZÖp 42 My~ŠzgÅÄLLDzGóóÑ$þJLÂz÷X
áZŠÃ]Æîg6,c*ŒÛd$ÆsV~ZEwK÷z{Zy${ðG
OgZ]ÅzŸs#˜V˜V=ZzgGÆZÖpZEwƒñ÷z{ZÃgÌZq- 52 ™D÷X
Šzu}ÅzŸs#™D÷XZy${ðG
OgZ]ÅÝßg]¸ìāZDw=ZzgGŠzâVÆqò÷ZzgŠzâV»ZâZ`eT÷XtZÃgÑ$þ
JLÂz÷:
Øt"6,zZŠHÔ¡¾æE
L†eŠH62 ¾~À~:Š-ZäÔ:�ÛiZägì
F,}Dz›Å7ìZ•Ãð72 7ì�Ð(,|™‚i¡]~âZÃð
yŠäíëÅæ:!82 2ðGäíÃu"ìGILg0+Z:!
HÂäõZ6Vë92 ¸~ÔÃ~ÔZfZÈH~!
CîV�ÛVÅi0+ÏHì03 tì.e$Z0+$pî GI0z¾Á†V
'ā$k0î EG�!Zz;Ä!*ëZ„13 “¨Ñõ
GÅg‚VāZŠ[pgŠÒŠwZ„»§GZiik,ÅœZ‚k ik,ÅZiG¤/ŠŠhÙk
23 GgZ!*ik,ÅMöŠ{ &z$©øEGI
L¬ÅêLŠv"0î EE
�~ÌZkZâZ`Å×e$ìXh]ÐZq-jZ!¦/¸ZzgZt~Šg`ƒZìXZkЬÔZuZ§pŠ~ÆK~Ô6,zW$¹Òjè
EEÆ**xZDw
615
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
äLL**T$èhóóÆ!*g}~–å:The highest power is united in him with the highest
knowledge. In his life, thought and action, instinct and
reason become one.33
Z~Z*Ã72u4èE
GELZDw~÷áïì@*ëz{qì:LLÁZiÁZq-!*]43 ÂìāZDwÆ;VZ·xZzgŠ®Ñ?Ø7QXóó
55556,zWZâg™Št»t!í�
&CÿLOÃìā=ZzgG„ŠÁÜ÷X„Šz{ZÏz‰ÜƒD÷Z#=»ÂZÒŠZzgG»ÂZZyÅ´#ÖÆîg6,
ZEwƒ@*ìptªCÙìāGÅZ|ZzgÀŠ~F+÷Zzg–wZDwZkZDwä= 53 ÆDÙZgzV£x÷:GìZ0ZLZkÆDÙZgzV£xX
ZzgGŠzâVZÖpÃs~àqÆ‚BZEwHìÔ)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔqí52(ZzgZÒ£â]Z,÷˜VZi£œÅÎ)G(=ƬzyÐxzgƒCìX
t 63 eZËz©‚]˜÷āLL÷}4,Šq-GÐ}4ÂZZyìXóóZq-ZzgÂLL¢óóÌ 73 !*]Šg„ìZzgZDwäÂLLZZyóóZEwHìX
pz©‚]t!*]ÃZ0+Zi™gì÷ā÷á²Z:Z‚2 83 ZEwHìX/VÆZEw~zÝÔƒD÷ZzgZDwÂGCÙ£x6,LLZZyóóÆsV~ZEw7™DX·Z7ZvƒÂZk·Z7ÐGZZyìX·Z7ŠzªƒÔ±ƒc*úg]ƒÂZ,£œÐGLLZZyóó7ìXZDwCÙZ,GÆ#³÷:
GZ[cz„“¨ÿG
L}.ZŠZŠ™}93 M',zÃ<îF0Y**V~:',!*Š™}!
6,zWZâg™ŠtZk!*]6,izgŠï÷āz{GG„7T~zÝug$Æ Zy»tZ‹ZnāZDw»${ð
GO§GŒÛMyz 14 t¡ièƒìX 04 :ƒX
715
HZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG
O§Gãì?
o°ìZDwÃZK„~aãCŠÐZ3h¶ÅÃÒìXŒÛMÈœä"—ÂLLGóóZEw7HXZDwäHìXZkzzÐZDw6,�l"äic*Š{Ygq:Z0+ZiÆ‚BZ‹ZnHìqÑèTnÆGÐŒÛMyägz»ì�l"
ZDwäŒÛMãÕÆÐ_.M',zÃ<îF0Y**V~ 24 ZÏ~2gì÷X',!*Š:™ä»tg{Šc*XÂGÃ"—›ß5ägzZ`Šc*ìZzgñÑ**gzòäZйZEwHìpfñZsxäZkZEwÃ**Y,ŒÛZg7Šc*XŒÛMy
LLGóó»ÂLL”h+›óóÆsV 34 äLL”h+›óóÆZÖpZEwK÷X~Ä~¢zg]¶ÔZÏagzòZzgZDwäZkлx1XXÃMx3äоnìZzgTV7/ÔZyÆ4,Šq-èÃg{Z‹ZnÅÃðzw7XZ#Zv»�ÛâyìāZkÐLL”h+›óóñðÅS¤ìZzg»[g‚ª$ó[å»
 44 Zg÷áŠìāñðz„ì&ZvZzggÎwåÆ‚BƒÐic*Š{›ƒXŠg|ZDwäZsxÆãCŠ~»2»ZdZŠgZuqÝHìZzgZL¯xÃZÏãCŠ~»2ÅZ÷á®)Zzg�Ûzr»fg=¯c*ìTÆ‚Bz{›™@*ìXZKâVÆ"Ñgß·Z7÷X9·Z7ÜsZq-ìZzgz{ZvìXZvДh+›ñðÅS¤ìX¸ZsxìZzgZDw»�xìX
815
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
Islam in Š&ÀŸ/õ GGLLHZDwZsòÃÁ÷?óó'ZÝjZáÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ 1XX™59 Modern History
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔgzi**)kBñgQ82âga0002YÔZŠZgt 2XZsÔZg÷áŠZ£›ãäZL»Ý~–ìā¸g]ÆŸiF,+‹tógZzge° 3X¸!*ã¯Tä÷}ÎZwÆ�Z[~',H¹ā~¸g]»zik,ZWƒ@*ÂZ£Z[gZñ»_ct™©8X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLL%gZDwóó%"0î GOE·g=ZaÔ,]82@*33 4XZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]911Ô121Ô221@*031 5@*7X
Z„k°jg~ÆŠÑbÆK~Ô!*nKMÔ¼Z÷ágZ]fs~Šg`K 8XYD÷:
',}yHHìZzg°jg~»Zk6,Hû{ìÔZkÐZDw»m? )1(ZW,Z]Ð �z].Zy)**gzZ(Zë›TÔñÌÅp~ZzgâjwÆÍ**ÍV )2(
zZhƒZDwäZkÅ@*Gz×e$¹VÅì?z].ZãÝ]„ŠZzgpЃ$Ë÷X'Šg„1'zZãgì )3(
āZÏazh+Z&43ð EGGV»3,zZy—ZDwZ#èEEL²!Æz].ZyÐÌ
Z%s™D÷XZDwÆ4,Šq-8-êEG
Lté]ƈz].Zãx@Z]ÅZ¤®)Ñix7ìX0*v,\~˜÷:
LLzZgŠZ‹!*íÅÃðÌ^ƒ…¾qwh(ìā=Zzg„лxfeƒñZk6,MiZŠ~Æ‚BW™,ÔZkaāZ¤/ëä»t]Ãây1ÂÍc*oèStÌây1āZ[Ë¿ÃZkŠú}»h7(āZkÆD»maèËâ¯tZ[]uÐìÔ®Z…
ZkÅZ¤®)ÑixMCìXóó
915
HZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG
O§Gãì?
�Z£uy~»z].ZyÛ©Å@*GzÂ}™@*ì®ZZDwZyÐ5÷XtŠg„ìāZÖgzZšrÆaz].Zy=»Z`ìpZkÐ )4(
=»z].Zy6,Ãëƒ**U*"$7ƒ@*XZ¤/t¹YñāZKy1%Æai!*y»Z`ìÂZKy6,i!*yůEU*"$7ƒCX
ZDwÃÔ)æzoîg6,Ô=»ŠÔŒÛZgŠbßìXz].ZãÝ]~ )5(–wZDwÔ™»Zq-K÷áïgLìX)$h½5ÿ
GIGL].h+ZÅ;5é XG‹ZsðÔ
™13(›ëZâÆ´z{=ZDwÆ4,Šq-Zk‡.Þìā8©3©ï
GGGGLh»ZŠgZu )6(
ÌqÝ™áZ%Z(z{bzUbzU™Cì²z].Zyð®ZÇZk»x@{™YìX)ZsÔ™3(Ä~ZÐZk§bÒyHì:
)i1§YÔ™72(CÙŠz'-.ç EEEágzZVÔCÙŠzZ÷»gzZV
=/Òò',ŠÔG',Š¤V¤VZkŠ?ÐÌzZãìā°jg~¤{dcÆOñI}» )7(Z0+ZiZ(gKƒñ÷XZDwäß°ÆTLLqwóóÃZq-œŒÛZgŠc*ìz{8©3©ï
GGGGLhÆx@}»œìX)ZsÔ™82(‘ÐêLZâZzg
‚b»�Ûzr“¨ÿG
LZ`Zð»g34è XGEL4ìZzg=Z`ZðÅZDwä×e$z°pÅìX
z].Zy±LL}.Z»¯xóóLLQÅZ2[óóì²DZ#èEELZ2[X )8(tŠúòŠg„7āz].ZãÝ]ÆK~ZDwä2gzVÃÃZ0+Zi )9(HìXZDw¬\»M¸iZk§b™D÷:
t¬ÝT~ëgT÷ZkÅâÎHìZzgF,IH?HZkÅ‚|#~ÃðŠzZòKñ�Šì?…ZkÐHmìZzgøgZZk~H£xì?!*±gZk£xÆøgZ§¿Hƒ**ec?tÎZÑ]÷�è<ØÔ,ZzgZd÷á²~~œu÷Xp÷á²Z:zZgŠZ]Ð�D
. . . Z%è<Ø . . . q݃@*ìZÐZŠ~ƒ@*ì)01(tŠg„ìā4yçÑ{z{ƒ@*ìTÆZ�ÛZŠÅ85Ò54è EEGG"gZ{gz
025
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
:ƒä0*NX85Ò54è EEGG"gZ{gz~ÐG)9·Z7Л(Å$+zª$$Ë÷:ā=Å$+zªX[Zzg-�d$Zk£x6,V¶āßÍVä;[+0*gu~ÌÒÓÅúÑzq™Š~¶XZ3ÿXLè<ØÅWÆ:LZkgzlÃpsHŠHXZKâV»zZã
Zzg9·Z7Zvì�4+Ì]»â´ìXŠzu}£œ»çZkÆ�ƒ**ecXZÏ~7g~ZK+MÅ#bìXõ_èELZÜt»Z®gzk6,ìXízÑ»£gÌzkìXZì&Zzg )11(ß»gßv³Z**]ŧb85Ò3ð EEGVÅúÆú7,}ƒñƒD÷XZkK-zŠz~=Zy»‚BŠîìXÜs}.Z6,4ZìÃgzu$ËìX›âVÅF,¹ZzgZyÆ÷á0+ZgÕyÅãCŠ&½0î EG0ZZyåXŒÛMy~ )21(ƒÐic*Š{izgZZyZzg¿6,Šc*ŠHXzD+',ÅSÌňXtSZ¹ZvŶKEVÃKÆaìX,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwZzgætzf[Æ®+óó',]931@*451 9X=ÃjZk¥â]ÅàD÷Âz{ËË6,BìXZ¤/ËzzÐÃðf 01XßZ:qŠ}Â=»ê߃Y@*ìXt!*]Zq-VwЪY$ËìX
Zq-QÆ‚tæ¦Zq-zZ§Òy™@*ìX�Û$þGLU*ãZkÅbz~c*´F,Šh+™@*ìX0Šh+ÍZ{ZLZLÒy−™ZD÷Zzgzc™D÷ÂQËËJ-(ìXZk¿~ßÍZ„Ðê߃YìXZϧbMçÆŠÚÔ»yÆGgÔŸÆgäÔ**uÆÎØZzgi!*yÆ™~Ãð¥/(,ƒYñÂ
=9ê7™$ËXZDwäËÂÄ$+ze$Å×e$7ÅXõZZzgÃÚyJÃÙÅ´‘÷X
ZDwZzgætzf[Æ®+ÔeZË‚]ŒZâgÔ™441 11XKèŒÛ\D!*Áƒs 21X
ZDwZzgætzf[Æ®+Ô™141 31XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLHZDw#ÅýLDZzgyŠŠÔ÷?óó 41XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔª[ 51Xì!*ÈŠZ**ñgZiÔ™413 61X
125
HZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG
O§Gãì?
6,zWZâg™ŠtäZ„k°jg~ÅÒy™Š{ZDwÅgzâ+MI~2 71XõZáz$+ze$Å@*GzÂ}ÅìX)Y,}ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLHZDwgzâã÷?óó(Zϧb°jg~Åcz~~–ìXLLZ[ÎZwtìāZDwß°Zzg9Åz].ZãÝ]~c*tāzkZzgz].Zy~ãCŠ~�ÛtÃgzZ7gnpqÑè–w±Z„k°jg~:9Zzgß°ÆZjZwZzg£â]~ãCŠ~�ÛtìXß°Æ0"—t¹YYìāz{!*mÝ]Ã!è LEz“è MEŠzuzVJ-v7™Yp9Æ0t!*]IZÐZL£z£xФ/ZŠ¶ÆáZŠsìXóó)ZDwóóZÆ',5891Y(
ZDw6,°jg~ÅtZ²ZxF,ZÙ&Zâg™Štäw½MyìwHìZDwÆZq-¿ÅÔ�zkÐCÙ¦/07ì)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔú].h+ZÅ;5é XG‹ZsðÔ™03(
ðâã@*zsìXZDwÆ4,Šq-RÔx2Z$+~ÜsŒÛMyìXpŠZâg™ŠtäLLgziǧMóóÐZq-zZ§ÜHìTÅgzÐZDwLLzk!*”óó6,¢gnp¸X}°jg~»ŠúòìāZDwzu]Zß�Š~¸²6,zWZâg™Štä–ì 81XāZDwzu]Zß�ŠÆ#³¸X
LLZDwóó'ZÆ',5891YÔ™38 91X)&ÿJLZDwÔ,]032X123 02X
LLZDwóó'�Ñð8891YÔ™35 12XLLZDwóó'ZÆ',5891YÔ,]001X101 22X
š)}.ZÆ—g~(X!*Áƒs 32X=»¦/g†6,ìpt!*íÐMÙ7ìX=}.ZÃl™Cì²G 42XÃZk»¢ìX=ÅuiâyzkyJ-ì²GZyÐâzgZYYìXG}.ZJ-g‚ðqÝ™YìXtâ°ìÄLL=zŠwóó»XLLDzGóó~ë÷āZ#,i0+ÏЊzgZzgfzó»10YñÂZkФ/m,¢zg~ìXuZ0*¢Zzg»x!ÅJ-$GìXD»Z®gÂ1V6,ì²GQÅZ2[ìªß—ôp˜VÐDÆ`Yg~ƒD÷XÍc*zk»£xCÙŠzu}DÐ',F,ìX=ÆaZDwäic*Š{F,yŠÔZ0+6ÔŠZøÔÅgÔƒlÔ„Ô�ÛiZāÔ,ÔÕ 52X
ZzgD)2�~“¨ÿG
LZ`Zð(ÆZÖpZEwK÷XVBŠg•fs÷:225
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
)KèŒÛ\D!*Áƒs(XÅóƒVäÅF,šMèÑtz¾[
ƒÐ.ïEGL-g\~¶XÅyŠgZ{Á
yyyyŠŠŠŠ:::: )1(
)ÑÈî0îgÔ93D\Äæt(ŠwZiâ§yŠ™ŠxM�yŠgZ',ȧŠwiŠxð
)æZ#ÒÂ[D:p!*h+™Š(3Ó@*i{',Z0xZizÑ"ìGGLGāŠgwxç}ZiŒz‹yŠZ„
)æ+MèZsxD¢ƒæ(CîV�ÛVÅi0+ÏHìtì."ìGGLZ0+6z¾Á†V
ZZZZ0000++++6666:::: )2(
)Š§ZuZ§Ñ<X:p!*h+™Š(@*Mz!*Ñ:¤/ŠŠZ,ÂxŠZøz�d$zŠ,ΊZñ{x
ŠŠŠŠZZZZøøøø:::: )3(
)!*ÁƒsÔ™29(±ZƒŠZ$ø
EILq¢Ð!*¸ƒV~
ā~ZkMv~eZÑŠHƒV!5ÿIL2ð
§‹%æFNÑdgzZä : ÅÅÅÅgggg )4(ÅgzM’ZzgZ™Zä
)ÒjèIELgZi].h+X`2(
CÙMVq}āMh+Šg—glëg¤/ŠŠZi¢3ú
EGELÅgl
)!*ÁƒsÔ™211(ÅgzƒlzyŠ»çnìУÄØt~÷ƒŠwzÃÆg«
: ƒƒƒƒllll )5(
)ÓZzg÷á²X!*8-èŠgZ(ؾ"6,zZŠHÔ¡¾æ E
L†eŠH¾~À~:Š-ZäÔ:�ÛiZägì
:„„„„ )6(
)ƒ»ZsxX!*8-èŠgZ(F,}Dz›Å7ìZ•Ãð7ì�Ð(,|™‚¯¡]~âZÃð
:DDDD )7(
)!*ÁƒsÔ™29(pŠ~ƒDÐœÂ)‹ƒsZ¤/ƒGÐœÂߧZuZ>Z�ÄyŠì"—g~
)Zq-,iŠ{±iZŠ}Æ**xX¢ƒæ( ì,i0+ÏЊzg~:,,,, )8(
)Š§ZuZ§Ñ<X:p!*h+™Š(Zz0+Z0+Zi'wzZiwZx
7À)4øGI{xZ„z»gl**Óx
ÕÕÕÕ:::: )9(
325
HZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG
O§Gãì?
Gz›ÅÂVÃZDwäXZÖpzF,ZIÐzZãHìÔZy~Ð98iïELfs÷:
)�Ä',}VD\Äæt('ā$k0î EG�0!Zz;Ä!*ëZ„
“¨ÑõGÅg‚VāZŠ[pgŠÒŠwZ„
ŠŠŠŠwwww:::: )1(
Š¤/¬g�;ñwx&&4-ê EGE
ŠÁ¡zóÓçZàzgZi~)5iZŠ{āßÑ!ò~»ÒnDZgèÈsi(
)¬ÅêLâD¢ƒæ(i0+{ŠwÐ77æ{t-.ç
EGL¼k,
pZ[~Š8ì¬ÅêLâŦk,!
)!*ÁƒsD™75(ŠwËZgÃgz¹ÔŠwËZg™Zg~!øLMŠxÆh~6ìŠwÅËZg~
)÷á²D¢ƒæ(CÙ9*îgÔ5',¾
+CÐöG
EO
Zv™}%7Ïî0Øt:ƒð!ØØØØtttt:::: )2(
)KèŒÛ\D!*Áƒs(Øt%~á~ìÔØt%~ä~ì$™*îEE
0Zvð÷}gvz9~ì
)¤gtÅ™¬D!*Áƒs(Šz¬ÝЙCì[:ŠwÃ=qìÉåEO‹MÙð!
MMMMÙÙÙÙðððð:::: )3(
«ƒðìNgziz‘ÅÔC!¸7āÂ{Åìc*āj!!
""""@@@@****!!!!:::: )4(
)�Ûº¼AÐMŠxÃgÁ™D÷D!*Áƒs(_.ƒwxÐì�ÛzrZ
+A.èEEELsi»
Zk»£xZzgìÔZk»ÂxZzgì____....[[[[:::: )5(
)ƒÒ0îE0Z¥/|»ÒÆ**xD!*8-èŠgZ(
)!*ÁƒsÔ™36(ZuÑ»›ãÔZu_.ƒ›ãì_.ƒ›ãaçL†ZÑ#u
)!*ÁƒsÔ™32(%}{uzpVÐÂätVHìaZuÏî0LHì?A$z@*ƒYzŠZ:!: AAAA$$$$zzzz@@@@****[[[[ )6(
425
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
)ZsÔ™77(ZjZÁ›~¼�Ût7Z(ÎizA$z@*[ZzwÎizA$z@*[My!
: ÎÎÎÎiiii )7(
)ZsÔ™59(H=!%~âZ;ñHÇ„Ði0+{ƒYñz{M>āF,~{u~ì
: MMMM>>>> )8(
)ZsÔ™36(z{w½gZiāíÃ2ŠHì†V}.Z=$©ø
EELƒLŠ}¼V
: ††††VVVV )9(
)ÑÈî0õZD!*Áƒs(Z}!*›Ò!*ãíÃÌÁe$ƒ{ñÙzŠwÎi~Ôu™zgÁð
: ŠŠŠŠššššiiii~~~~ )01(
)!*ÁƒsÔ™94(ðÅŠ*?ðÅŠ*Îiz™_.[zØt@ÅŠ*?@ÅŠ*ΊzΊZ(z®
:™™™™ )11(
)**7-D!*8-èŠgZ(M{!ØŠgÆayz*V§{:ìŠg›ZKãÐZk»Šw[:ì
: ŠŠŠŠggggŠŠŠŠ )21(
Ýx¸ñVÆDz²ÃVÅì¸g'çELMDgZi~Z¤/ßìÂHìcñ¤/ŠzVì"™Z:: ²²²²ÃÃÃÃVVVV )31(
)5iZŠ{āßÑ!ò~»ÒnDZgèÈWi(
)!*ÁƒsÔ™07(yŠÆ0*k¸ÆÎZ¼Zzg7F,Z´`ÃÆÎZ¼Zzg7
:ÃÃÃÃ )41(
)fztzØtD!*Áƒs(»zÃÅi0+ÏŠ“~ð»�V
8g*î FI0Më[ÐâgÅ&åEOc*VgzZV!:»»»» )51(
)¬ÅêL',icDZgèÈsi(
=ÃQ7ZLGVÐ�]¬gsz¬òÓxÈÒÑ]zo]!pZgƒZ¾ŠgMŠÄm,ŠZVÌ]!
»zÃ6,¤/ZVZ,˜V»m]!YV7ƒCH|‹ZKVÅgZ]?
)KèŒÛ\D!*Áƒs(î÷ƒ**ÓxpÈ®Æ%ÏìΊZñ{xpÈ®Æ%
: ppppÈÈÈÈ®®®® )61(
ÓZzg÷á²D!*8-èŠgZ 62Xƒ»ZsxD!*8-èŠgZ 72X
525
HZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG
O§Gãì?
!*ÁƒsÔ™57 82X¤gtÅ™¬D!*Áƒs 92Xæ+MèZsxD¢ƒæ 03X�Ä',}VD\Äæt 13XÑtz¾[DYzh+**) 23X
'™781 Discourses of Iqbal 33XZDw@z—¬ÝÔ%"0î GOEeZËÐZºÔ™941 43X
KèŒÛ\D!*Áƒs 53XLLZDwóó'�Ñð8891YÔ™75 63X�gVwŠzZÃgŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG: 73X
)�Zƒ“{Ô!*&ëEYLŠgZ(M`̃�',Z�ð»ZZVaZMv™$ËìZ0+ZiIVaZ
)ƒ»ZsxÔ!*8-èŠgZ(zÑe$Ô0*Š÷á„Ô‘ÐêLZâŘ$~tƒH÷?�Zu&½0î EG0ZZVÅ‚,!
™9pZz†Z°æä:"çÊ7,ZM$øGI
L!zŠ~GX6,tZ‹ZnHìāLG|]Z',Z�ðMv~Ê7,}XtZq-@*g]zZ§ì1T!*]äZyÃMv~
t Êä6,6gHz{G7ÔZ‹yåXóó)âx);ZÑsxÔ†g~8791YÔ™131(Z‹Zn™DƒñpZzñßsäLL�Z[è“{óó»qgz!*ÑÄÃZ0+ZiHìXt!*]KÅÃÒÌ7ÅāZDwLLGóóZzgLLZ‹yóóÃáZŠsÆîg6,ZEw™D÷X»ZEwZLÚøZ]~ƒÃeZzg™¯@*ìp2¤
ZÒ¤f:Z0+ZiÆ‚B¯ÄZDwÃKЬZ‹ZnaŠï÷XVwÆîg6,tg!*¦Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:
Ô™ Ÿømø³vû³³øÞöç7 Ñ&ëGLi%{ «Zss»_.ƒŠgzV™%}ñÑ=™r#†V™ yŠÅXV�[~
)!*ÁƒsÔ™42(J-(ÐzZãìāZDwäLL†Vóó»Â ŸømøvûøÞçö7 ÎgÒ•{ÅZ’ZðMc*])
LLZZyóóÆsV~ZEwHìXZ[Z¤/eZËz©‚]t}āÂLLZZyóóÂLL†yóóÐ4ìÂZ‹ZnŠg„ƒÇ1)¢zg~ƒÇZzgÄ~fztzZ|[
625
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Ð[ā»³XÜsZq-ÄLLƒqZsxóó~ÂLL¢óó¼ŠZÃg~ZEwƒZìXŠzÄ 83XŒVÜKYD÷:
Z#ZkZógÒ{Å~ƒ@*ì>aZ™©8ìt!*wz%æFL¥zbZÑ~aZ>Z�ÛZŠ»uâ›y$Òï OG츸]ì�ßg]°æ
YL¼k,$Òï OGì
ZŠÒ]D¢[èæ 93X6,zWZâg™ŠtäLLGóóÃLLzu]Zß�ŠóóÅS¤Cc*ìX²LLzu]Zß�Šóó 04X
~˜V{ÛZzg‘t2¬$+ZzgqŠ»ÎZwaZ7ƒ@* (Oneness of Being)z;V¬ÔZzgÁtÅ&Ì"pìXZDw}.ZZzgÈ}~LL�Ûtóó™D÷X¸LL�ÛZtóóì�LLÌ™wóóÐZìXZDw}.ZÐLLÌ™wóó6,7
LLŒÛ"$óó6,izgŠï÷XLL=ë)g™óó»¸|xìXZDw»¯ÄÄz�Zkb»1ìāÈÒñðTŠg}.ZÐŒÛd$ƒ@*ìÔZkÅ«ð~ZŸ†ƒ@*ìZzgTŠg}.ZЊzgƒ@*ìZkÅZÐZŠe$$zg7,YCìX6,zW$¹Òjè
EE
Æ**xZLzŸ‚â^~ZDw˜÷:The greater his distance from God, the less
his individuality. (Discourses of Iqbal. P.184)
LLÌ™wóóQ${ðG
OsÅZ˜bìZzgZDwÆÛpŠ~Æo°ìÔZkaā 14XZsxÆo°ìXŒÛMyäZKãZÐZŠe$6,izgŠc*ìXtZÐZŠe$My]~
Ì',ŒÛZggìÏXz™wc*+»t${ðG
Og�0*ãÆ¢}»«g~NìÔ{ÛZzg‘tÆK~:eì:£[XZKãpŠ~}.ZÐZk§bŒÛ[qÝ™$Ë쉫g~ñCXZâg™ŠtÅñ”5VZzg°Äz™wÆ${ð
GOgÃ
LL8[ÐÜZg~óóŒÛZgŠb)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDwóó'ZÆ',5891YÔ™09(ièƒìXZDw»ÓxF,Z®gZvZzgZkÆgð Nwå6,ì:÷ZéÌÂ÷á˜éÌÂ
ZÐLLÜZg~óóIZq-Zy!*]ìX )™¬D!*Áƒs(Zq-ZYyzZ¤/ÇñÆa_.!îE06,-z›g‚rìÂZkÅ@âÃZCñÇXZϧbÈÒñðÅÃ}.ZðÌ]6,ƒCìXZâg™ŠtäpŠ–ìāLLZKy
725
HZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ðG
O§Gãì?
~*"$»hZŠZ™äÆaz„Ì]ƒãeÂX�}.Z~÷Xóó¸Ì]}.ZЛzŒÛ"$»1÷XZâg™Št»tIāLLGÂpŠ~ZzgZPxfZ]»fg=ƒäÅOñ+ñpŠ~ZzgZ%ZÄfZ]»g3ìÔZzgZÐ’ñpŠ~
™601(t ZzgZPxžnÐCÙ¦/ZEw7HYYXóó)LLZDwóó'ZÆ',5891YÔŧb Zq-ZzgiƒìXZk»:Ltìā6,zWZâg™ŠtÔZ„k°jg~
gzòÆGáÒiªî EE0ZÑZEÐâpfCD÷ZzgZ¤/p°jg~äZDwÆ
z].ZyÃ',}yÅ�bøII
L§]ÅœZñ!*i‚¹ì@*ëZâg™ŠtZDwÆ${ðG
OgGÃÃgÏÄZøwgzòÐâpfCD÷ZzgZDwÆ${ðG
O§G»gZÑZEÐ�h™ZÑZ¹$©�î EG
0ÃÐZDw6,2nƒD÷XZDwÃѪjZßVÐKÅOñ9Úø~Š¬YñÂÃðZDwaZ7
ÆjZáÐZDw˜÷: iøíø×$Ïûçû]eô÷ìö¡Ñô]² ƒ@*XHe who comes nearest to God is the completest
person. Not that he is finally absored in God. On
the contrary, he absorbs God into himself
(Discourses of Iqbal&P.184)
Zq-*y>ZyLL‘ÕäO)ZDw6,�l'M!*Š~ÆZ‹ZŸ]»Y,{Xóó~Zk 24XçA6,gZ¶ägzÝeZàìXt*yLZD1]ó†g~Xâga002~÷áïìX
æø]Ö$„ômûàøeÚøßöçû]ø�ø‚$uöfù÷Öô×#äô ÎgÒ•{Me$561»Zq-•Zì: 34XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLçgsZ�g$óóñÑ**·àgãÔ¢ZÍwÔ™331 44X
óó)›(–ì: love zZãgìāZDwäLLGóóÆaZôm,~~ÂLLThe Ego is fortified by love )G(
(Discourses of Iqbal/P.186)6,zWZâg™Št»t]Ì5±ƒ'LLZ•ñ›»**xGìóóÔ)LLZDwóóÔZÆ',5891YÔ™19(Z,Vä9–ìXLLZ•ñ›óóZzgLL”h+›óóZq-„!*]ìXOçZDwÆ${ð
GO§G»â~.ŒÛMÈœìX/'/'/
825
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
âZV!*[
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°gLZDw»‘ÐêL¯xó~Z„k°jg~äZq-*y>ZyLLZDwÆ
gzâãZ°góó~gzâ+MÆÜsZzgZDwÃgzâãŒÛZgŠ}™ZDwÆÜsZq-�Û›x»gÅìXZk�ÛŠx~ZÍigzâ+MÆZbZñF,0ÌÔZi!0îE0z«Æ¯tZ~ˆÔ%æFNZuZg¶‹“iþ
IL**»xZzg!hÓëLKá)úg]Å›~6,-
»Ëw(»f™ìXZk£x6,tzŸs#7ÅāZy~ÐÃy‚b¯ÄZDw~ñ�Šc*úc*VìXZkƈ;ÍÆjZáЖìāLLZi!0îE0z«õZáz$+ze$»+åX�…ZzgZŠd$ZkÐOW,ƒñZy~Í,÷áï
tB3ªîGE0ZÍw ìTÅ@*;LMÑÄzgêóg±_.!*LMZzgÇMgZðÆ!*)gzâ+M»ªYCìXtÂ[ZkŠg=wƒðā*~zgê#ÖÆ**xÐZq-xÝÅãCŠg¿ˆXFâ�ZâVä�ZkÝÐzZh¸_.!*LMÅ
°jg~ät7Cc*āZDwÆÝÐzZhÄ 1 gz~Ë™pŠÉ™àXóóâ�ZâVäg±_.!*LMZzgÇMgZðÆ!*)pŠÉÅìX
gzâ+MÆ‚BZDwÅzZÕ»ªjZ!6,zW·Ñp»ZzgŠzuZZÝZ}Mg±ï
YLE»ìX6,zWÑpÆ–wLLgzâ+MÅ¡~÷á²~Zzgâ#îã)1CÃ-Vä�QgŠzZzgÃgÏ÷á²~~gzZîwZ(g™`ZDw6,
6,zW±ï YLEÆ–wLLgzâ+Myz*y~.e$=wƒð DDD ÷ZZW,eZÑóóYèZk~_./zz].ZyÃ=zÅgÐic*Š{ZëŒY@*å'ZDwÌgzâ+MÆZkyŠŠÔKÐic*Š{OW,ƒñT»�Þf[~',}V
925
2 åX',}VÅ_.!*LM~¸gzâ+M»g�ÛâìXóógzâ+MÆÜs™F,�Û›xÑge',R,hgËZzgÞZgeÆjZáÐ
»gÅìX–wÑgegËLLgzâ+M((]~ZëZŠÔ/Zy~�ÛŠe$Ô�~yŠŠ#ÔZŠÒ]~_.!*LMZzgZÜt~Z**+MÅ6,zgl™CìXóó–wÞZgeLLgzâ+M»È%Ï:Z**+MÔ†yZzgRz~ìXgzâãÓxŠ*Ð',u�g
3 ƒ@*ìZzgÓx{gY¶ŠÃí!*ŠÈ™ZK„ÑZzgZß:»Z´y™@*ìXóó°jg~ä'×h+jZßVÐpŠ%œ/e$ÔŠZöÔ(qI~Zzgâè6,4Ãgzâ+MÅS:]Cc*ìX
gzâ+MÆ�Õ÷°jg~äÒyK÷ZzgT§bZ¹ZDwÆ3D~eZÑìZÐI¾MgZðÔè$Mö~ZzgZ²ZxF,ZÙ„ŒÛZgŠc*YYìXgzâ+MÅ�¦k,°jg~ä¯ðìz{ëwzáZiy7ìX
ÆThe decline and fall of romantic ideal eZËz;[ZÑ°äß»kÅÂ[4 jZáÐgzâ+MÅ69311)ŠHg{DÙZg&Îàâ}(°¶V»f™HìX
gzâ+MÅ°pZßÍVäZZ0+ZiÐÅìX°jg~ägËÆjZáÐZëZŠÃgzâ+M»Zq-KŒÛZgŠc*ì²CÙ',^gi+ä¯]½3ïGGÃ(ÏZëZŠZzgÕ»f6Ñq-ŒÛZgŠc*ìZzgeZË·ŒäZkÐZ·tHìXz{˜÷āLL¯]½3ïGG=Zzg¡¾æ E
L¡Æ.Þ6,ZKã_.!*]ÃÃeZÜeS¶Zzg_.!*]ÅZylÑØV6,"gzb‚vVZzgYæZßßVÅÑ»fgy™**
5 eS¶Xóógzâ+MÆ!*g}~ÜstS:]Åz„¯**°jg~Åðâã
»ggzZðìXZk6,eZŠtāZyÕ÷Æ‚BZDw»mÌ�hŠc*ìXZDwäZi!0îE0z«Æâ¯tZ~ˆ“7K÷?GÅ6,ZuZgZzg**»x¶]
ç5] ¯ÄZDwƾ{~÷?Zzg!hÓëLKá¾£x6,ÒyƒZì?Zy
035
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÅzŸs#7ňXZDwâè6,4»Dg7ƒñXZyÅÃâèÔqwZzgwƒ6,ìXZDwÆ;V:(qI~ìZzg:z{ÓxŠ*Ð',u�gƒD÷XZDw!*ÚÃ÷ZzgZ�ZÄMŠèÅS™D÷X%Ï:Z**+MÔ¼gz~Zzg_.!*LMZDwÆÚø~"pZÖp÷X†y»ÂZDwÆ;V
(Individualism) GZzgZZyÆsV~�gè#ÖZEwƒZìX�ÛŠe$Æ!*g}~°jg~ÅZK±tìāLLË�ÛŠ»âjwÆ{gY»çVÐ
gz¤/ŠZã™ÆZK„fZ]ÃhzœZ‰Ü»£gHg™¢8ZÐZÐZŠe$Бo:²ZDwZÐZŠe$Æ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷XZkK~ÌZy~q-¥{6 6 HYñXóó
7ìXz{Z½ÎÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZgÌ÷Zzg�ÛŠÅ«ðÃ)®)Å#b»fg=¯D÷X
ZDwGÃ=6,¯EŠï÷pyŠŠÔ7÷XLL»§GZiik,ÅœZ‚kóóƇb÷ZzgLLGgZ!*ik,ÅMöŠ{óóÅS™D÷X,
7ňìX6,zW·Ñp»tIāLgzâ+MóÅ¡~÷á²~Zzg ‚Â,!*[)1CÃ-VäZDw6,÷ZZW,eZÑÔ–w6,zWñßsZDwÅ â#îã
8091YJ-Å÷á²~Ð0ìX6,zWÑpäZkK~�VB7Å÷z{!*&ëEYLŠgZÆ8~î O0ZÍwZzg8~î O0Šzx~Ð÷XZDw¢„zu]Zß�ŠZzg
zu‹8jèELz�ŠÆÃ-VÐMÐò‰XZkÅ,pŠ6,zWÑpäÌMниoƒìāgzâ+MÆK~6,zW·Ñp 7 ÒyÅìX
ÅgZñŒVŠg`™Š~YñXz{˜÷āLLf!gzâ+M䯢3ïG
GGL=ÔY',ZŠZgzVÆZëZŠÔ6,Ì343ï XJGGÔZ2Zzg§hVÔEZzgèIgzZ�VÔYæìÑ]ÔZ0+ZiÃZzggzZc*]ÆÜsZ´ÈŒz]HåXZk’q-ä=»YdZ,z].ZyZzgÇÃŒÛZgŠc*�_.!*]ТƒVZzg6${ð
GOgZ]Ô6‚vVÔZÖg
~ïmZzg_.!*]ÅMölÔ¡]ÐzZA:ÎîZzgŒÆ"ZˆkÅ
135
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°g
8 Šgz2ª(,JðXóó2222
Z„k°jg~ÃZDwÅgzâã÷á²~6,ÃðZ‹Zn7ìXz{ZDwÆZ&kZ°gÃgzâãg8-Š}™Zy6,Z‹ZŸ]™D÷XZyZ‹ZŸ]ÆY,}Ьt癢8¢zg~ìāZDwÅgzâã÷á²~ÅâÎHìXZDwÅgzâã÷á²~9!*&ëEYLŠgZÆzZÍwZzgzŠzxÅàâ]6,ŒìXeZˆZhäLLZDw»ÂÄ®óóZzgeZËZŒgZ£œjäLL²z•ZDwóó~ÔZDwÅgzâã÷á²~ÆK~ÔZ4àâ]Ðuz»gg3ìX°jg~äÌZyVÅ°pzÂEÅìX˜÷:
LL!*&ëEYLŠgZƬŠz”VÅZÒ>gzâã÷Xtiâ:ZDwÆZzZ&ÿ
JL³[»åZ#z{CÙ¡qÔ!*fztZzgfÅZdâ�ZyŧbŒz)wÅ[~u¤/ŠZVzªZV¸XZDwäZyàâ]~¡~oøÅŠÆHzm,Š¦k,,7Å÷'MÃtÅzÇVÐZyÆ!hÓëLZK+Mþe$ÅBì'
ZDwÅZyV~TìÔñ]4©3ï GGGGìÔìÔ�lzyzlìÔ_.!îE0Šg›ZKãÅzß!Z0F,)ãìXZyS:]ů6,t>:ÜsQgŠz÷á²~~"Vw÷ÉZ¹Š*ÆËÌx
9 ÷á²Æ¯xÆ£«~õzZOŠÆ‚B7HYYìXóóZLZLGVÆùg~2u4è
EGELZDwäZDwÅgzâã÷á²~Zzg
gzâã$©�î EG0ÃÃIHìXæZ−#èGELZ£ZDwÅÄLLjgz÷á²óóÆZÃgÜ™Æ
˜÷āLLtgzâã$©�î EG0ÃìÔQÌZ¤/ZDwZÏÃt6,¿™DZzg9~Å
æZ−+Z£Å§bZ„k°jg~à 01 Õ:™D¹Zi÷ᲃDXóóÌZDwÅ9~**IìÔOçZ°§ZDwÃè%Š}™‡u¯**Zzgâx
235
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
™**e;ìXZkÆ',@MÏMðZsò$©�î EG0Ãgnp÷Zzg¡ZKÃ@*{Ã~
11 ÐZDwÅZkgzâ+M~1ZÛÏÅ¡ŠÙŠ3D÷XZq-!*]úc*Vîg6,zZãìāZDwÅgzâ+M~L!hÓëLKáó
)úg]Å›~6,-»Ëw(7XZysV~ZDwgzâã7÷ÉMЙZkÝ6,¢ƒ»g~ÎðìXŒVÜsŠzZÃg�gVw7KYD÷:
ßg]:6,0ðÔ"${:]½o-êIG
ð21 MV_5ÿGL%§xÔCÙȱmo-ê
YGð
yÆ÷á²zßg]¤/zZY:âö31 M{!œgzVÆZ¡[?úg]ìÎZg!
ZDwÅgzâ+M~!hÓëLKá7É!hÓëLZK+MìÔOçÂgzââe$ÃZLãCŠ~|xÆ 41 LLgzâ+MóóÅ(Lgzââe$óZEw™**ecX
Z±gÐÌL!hÓëLZK+MóŒÛZgŠc*YYìXeZËZŒgZ£œj˜÷āLLgzâyÃÀ˜ŒzGÆáZŠsŒY@*ìqÑèZLZÝâ~.ÆZ±gÐÂgzâ÷ÔZi!0îE0z«ÅZy²ŠZ*âVÆa1ÑY@*åÔX~¤x
ZK+Mc*hzíÅ×e$~W@Z:»g**óZzgu�Ûz÷á:¶]ÆÁÜ÷áï!hÓëLZK+M»$©�î EG
0²z`ZDw»${ðG
O§ZKyc*${ðG
O§ñðìZzg 51 ƒD¸XóóZq-˜ÈâÅy»_./Ô˜VZkŠ*ÆZKyMiZŠ~ÔZ»sÔ)zZ]ZzgZpé]
о{c*[ƒVX!*&ëEYLŠgZÆzZÍwZzgzŠzx~gzâ+Mc*gzââe$»¿Š4!hÐêO
ìXZsò$hò EIèLU*6ÆŠzgÅ÷á²~~Ìgzâ+MÆÁÜlKYMh÷ZzgK‰÷XŠgCoøŦk,ÉZL£œÆ�ZDwäÇìÇìgzZg¿ìXâ»ZKãЛZzg‚g~ZK+M»ŠgŠZy»úc*Vz�ìX!Z3
335
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°g
Zzg"™ZV!¸]äZDwÃ!�e$«ÅX_.!*]zZˆ‚]Å�ÛZzZãÔçI~z"!*ÅZzgÇÅgfÌgzââ~ÁÜ÷XÄ~Z‚2Å@*iÏz0+g]
@*ëgzââe$ÅzÝzÍ**Íã 61 ÆZ±gÐÌZDwÃgzââ~ŒÛZgŠc*YYìXÆ!*z�ŠZDwÃgzââe$Æ{ä~È7HYYXz{gzââ~Zzg¯oŠzâV÷XZDwÆ;Vgzââ"ìGOGZzg_5½ïGG»ZâZ`ìX
eZËZŒgZ£œjZL*yLL¯ÄZDw~gzâ+MZzg¯]½3ïGGóó~˜÷āLLi!*yˆZzgZ|[Æ!*g}~ÌZDw»gÍto®»gzV
LKèŒÛ\ó»‹t 71 ÅgzZe$6,4ZzggzâEVÅgzZe$(ËÆÎÎìXóó™Dƒñ–ìāLLKèŒÛ\gzâ+MÅHM�Û´Zzg]½3ïGGÆ/gÄg3î»
MwZ£uzgä–ìāLLZDw].h+Ì÷ZzggzâãÌÔ1 81 4+%:ìXóóaèZ¹gzZe$»ZˆkÌìZzg]½3ïGGÆ‚zÄ»0*kÌÔZkaZ¹
eZˆZ/LZDw»Ä~M}ó~˜÷: 91 Üs].h+Zzggzâã7¹YYXóóLLZDwÅïoZŠ[Æ÷·fí}6,¹÷~Zzg³&ìXZ¹¯oZŠ[ÆZ‚2zZÖg»½7g²ÃyqÝìXz{pZ{²!ƒc*ÃgÏX‚B„Zôm,~ZŠ[ÅM’äZkŠ/ÅŠ*ÃZzgÌ"™ZV¯Šc*ìX/VÅ!*bF,KMÔF,KVÅðZzgZEw6,Z¹7g~Šg]qÝìXZyƯx~Š*2gzVÅ„ÔZÃgÅ$ZzgjZßVÆf™Ðè¸ìāZDwÃZyÆZ‚2н7gzZ¢©3ï
GEGOGqÝìX
ZkaZDwÆM}~¯o'×Z`Å»g�Ûâð**¦/k,¶XZyÆM}»Zq-¸zZϯoM}ÐPqÝ™@*ìXtI"Y:ƒÇāQgŠzÄZ~ZDw»M}ƒÐic*Š{
02 ¯oìXóó
435
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
eZË·ŒÆZÖp~LLZDwágzââ~÷á²7¹YYYèz{qàŧbZŠ[ÅÑe$Æ̇b÷Zzg_."Æ‚B‚B„ÃÌ
eZˆZh˜÷āLLŒÆgzâã${ðG
Og~ÌZDw 12 ÃZ0+Zi7™DXóóÅ‘:ûg�ÛâìZzgZy»f‚ZL_."ÆÁÜZzg›ëŠzâV»‹t™
Z„k°jg~ÆZL–w!*&ëEYLŠgZÅZ’ZðV~ZDw» 22 g;ìXóóÍc*»KZDwźmgzââ~÷á²~~Ìñ�Š 32 iZz›ó{‘:ìX
ìXZkÐ]½3ïGGŶK0+„ƒCìXgCgCZDwÅ„~Š,kiâyzky6,”ƒCˆXZDwÅ÷á²~~„ZzgZˆkÅMö÷XZyÆ;V_./z=Zzg„zûZâZ`ìX
3333b‚],]~āQV™Z„k°jg~Z°§ZDw6,2nƒD÷Xāq-gqÔè$Z0Zzg)ëwìX¸qwZ°g6,Z‹ZŸ]»ìÔpZ°gÃÌi%æGLcÑäЬz{ZDwÅi0+ÏÃ@½Z‹Zn¯™ZÐ
gzâãŒÛZgŠï÷XŒVgzâ+M»${ðG
Ogtìāz{¿Å¡ìX°jg~˜÷āLLqgz!*Ñ¥%]ÅgzÝ~ëZDwÅgzâ+M»Y,{heÅÃÒ™,ÐXZDwÅi0+ÏÆ�qÑ]ëJ-ã÷ZyÐÌZkZ%Ť&ƒCìāz{!*~gzâãZzgi0+ÏÆi‡VФ/m,™Æ{]z%ZD]
42 ÅŠ*~gxI™D¸XóóŒVLLÌóó»ZEw&CÿL¨gìXi0+ÏÆi‡VФ/m,Ô»o]
z{LqÑ]ó÷�°jg~J-ã÷XZ¤/tß÷Šgzr',¤/ŠZÈgZz~XZDwÆFg~ÆÇÃá™L+B5Õä
GEGO]z%ZD]óÅŠ*ZDwÆaðňìX
czssV~%ZÕZDwÅIL7¸XFg~Æ',ÎV~Ì7XZDw»çËZg~ÆaåXZyÅ„q~wxÆŠgŠÆŠgâVÆa¶X
535
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°g
%ZÕÀ˜ZKfZ]ÆaƒD÷qZDwäFg~„Æ',ÎV~@½W¯c*ì:
t7À.ïGL”Ct‘ÐêLуCwxÆŠgŠ»ŠgâV7¼Ì7tf°æL4d-ö
IEt%ZÕtuzg52 F,~pŠ~ƘV7¼Ì7
ZzgpŠ~Řã»ÑwxÆŠgŠ»ŠgâVZzgZq-˜ÈâÅúìX7VÍgÄ7g~ZDwÆ2¤~÷áï÷Zzgzzz„°jg~ŧb7V»
Z·ZŃ**ìÔpZy~q-g{6°jg~ÐÁìÔOçeàÅ!*'Ìè÷XZy»tZ‹ZsÑ$þ
JLÂzì:
LLZKyÅZÐZŠ~,Å�d$zF,¹Zka¢zg~ìā!*ÆHyZÏÐÓx)“ïGLZKãÅ#bƒ$ËìXZ#ZKyZKZÐZŠ~,Ãå™BìÂQŠzuZ�Ûn�ZDw»,Zk6,¬Z+™@*ìtìāZkF,šMc*C,Ã)®)»@*,ZzgÓx
62 Š*ñZK+MÅF,¹Zzg‹Š»Zq-K¯c*YñXóóXsV~°jg~äZDwÃ!*~gzâã¹ìz{ZyÅ£/Îa
ìzg:ZDw:ÜsZq-|I!¨¾æ EO¸ÉZ,Vä (Wishful thinking)
Zq-½7gii0+Ï̦/Zg~¶XZDwäZKi0+Ï~�z¯Zzg@*È{»g**óZ�xŠbÔZyÐ0›ëZ¤/°jg~J-7ãÂ]gËZzg»7ìXË
Ìñçq6,QVäzZá¿»�Ûnìāz{´¥â]qÝ™}XHZDwä½ÅŠ8ZÝe~ÅRJ-7Å?HZ,VäÛ7~Å�qÝ7ÅZzgfg$œî G0çlÆîg6,z»ª»&Z(g7H?HZq-îs²á6,“ƒñZyÆh]ÔÒ**]ÔèoZzgp}¿Å÷{Zzggz×VB7
635
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
÷?ZDwä:ÜsÚ»xHìÉÆ»xHìXZ,Väh+Ò¬Ý6,ZCîZL¿ÐœHìXtîgz×F,+ZKãÝl~ÐZq-ìX°jg~»u⛿ZyÅ£?÷X»ÃðµZW,›âVŧ‹Z½¦6,Ã7M@*X‘Õä O)ZDwÅZq-Zq-Ä~)Zzg�~("Z§Z½¬Ý~ZKn7gBbX(ÏyZy~ÌZDwä¸xÅ:Üs„~Éiîg6,̦{úðÅìXƒÎx~LL"ióóÆi%æGLÄZyZkZ‹Zn»Y,{1ŠHìX°jg~»Z²ZxÌik,cMc*ìXZLðI}òqÝ™äÆañßsäXŠúzV»–gZ1ìZq-Zq-™ÆÔZLZL£xÔ6,Zy»ßZzg"ãCŠƒ**zZãHŠHìX
4444‘Õä O)ZDwÆZ°g6,Z„k°jg~Æ(,}(,}Z‹ZŸ]eg÷qpŠ%œ/e$ÔyŠŠ#ÔõZáz$+ze$ZzgYgq:]I~»**xŠc*ŠHìXLpŠ%œ/e$ó»o]°jg~Æ4,Šq-ZDw»Ã›pŠ~ì�Zq-gzâã…¢o/õEIHÐâpfìX˜÷:
LLëägzâãZˆk6,c™Dƒñt³Z~.HåāpŠ%œ/e$„gzâãZˆk»ZuÿLZßwìXT¿Å (Egocentricity)
Zë›Tgzâãƒz{{g`ZzgcznÐ'PZVZ²7™@*Zzg–wZDwZL„ð~ez[™i0+Ï»uZr0*äÅÃÒ™@*ìXZDwÅZkgzâãpŠ%œ/e$ÅÞŠ]ZyÆÛpŠ~
72 ~Qì�ªCÙU¢o/õEIHÐâpfìXóó
ZkZ½kЬZzgZkÆÌè´V»Zq-@***!***»gHì@*āZyÆŠú}»Z±g‡ìƒYñXZk’k,Ь–ìāZDw¡Òiªî EE
0].h+ÆÜsgzâãkA$„ÐOW,ƒñ÷XZzgZkŠú}ÆZDwÅZ**+MÆo]
735
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°g
~ZÃg7K÷�ic*Š{F,LLZuZ§pŠ~óóÅāÐa‰÷XZkƈ˜tÅ{§zË‘Í»tŠúòÜHìā÷ZñZi:Áq[Ѓ**ecXzgeizgBÃZ+ŧbfzgCc*ìX'×h+–ìā7ÕäO`ZzgZ0²!Z+Zzg�ÛúyÃZC�ZzgZ*ŠB÷XZyѪ!*ÂV»g*ZDwÐ�h™Z+ÃZDw»‹zCc*ìZzgZDwÆ${ð
GO§Z+Ã)ZsòŒÛZgŠc*ìX
gzâã\VÆ;V�d›ë÷ZDwäZyÐZ.Š{¢zgHìpZDwÅ„~Z‚kŒÛMÈœìZzgZkñçq6,×gzÝeZàY_ìXZkK~°jg~Æè%Z\k**u÷XZDwäpŠÃ:Áq[¹
Zzg:Z+z�ÛúyÃZCQ*Šâ**ìXZ**+MZzg¾zgÃZDwЙ[™**˜ªìXZDwäZKZÌzwÆ!*g}~�ZÃg¾÷Zy (ignorance)
~„CÙI¾Ä~Z|[ů6,ìXZkZ|[ÐsÃZDw»%û!hÐêOZzgéÈi0+ÏMñiìZzgZkÆZÖg»Ñ‡g~ÃZk§sÂzŠÑ**ìā¾~„~gZ{úð™äzZÑÃðZ(z(¿7ìX°jg~äZDwÃZ(z(¿„U*"$™**e;ìX¸z¾{Šzu}#Ũ4è
EGELZDw»g;ìXÑtìāxz
$Òï OGZzgZKã',ZŠg~„z�ÄZDwÐn:ƒnXZDwÆÜ”{ÃgÏZÃg»Ñz|xQgŠzÆZkÄ~ñ�Šì:
‘W÷%~»g¶î YL„~ZÜáZL!¨åGOgÆ*g}ÃÂTy!
¢ƒæÅÄLL%››yóó»tMy~ÄìXZDwÆ${ðG
O§pŠ~»qÝZzg‹zZ+7É%››yc*%›ñðìXtZDw»Ih+{ñçqìZzgZk6,{]gzÝeZàìX%››y}.ZðÌ]»1ìZzgŒÛMyŹQC¦k,ìXfsÆZÃg~Ъ}.ZðÌ]ZzgŠzuZ7Òþ
ENL·åÆÚø~ì:
835
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
CÙ9ìñðÅ5÷áy5My™ŠZg~%g~ZvÅ',;y!tgZiËÃ7¥xāñð‡g~ÃM@*ì|~ìŒÛMy!
%››yZK¸ÂVÆaîÃyƒ@*ì:Šgc*îVÆŠwTЊIYNz{îÃy!²ñ�Š{›y{u»eƒìāZkÅM$ø
GILGcƒð
ìXZ+»‡&ÿEL°pUZk»ÎiZzgZkÅu¤/ò)w•z¿(ìXtz{Ïg÷XЛyÃÌ!hÑ÷ NO
ƒ**eczg:z{Z+»£¨ù™}ÇXi0+ÏÅ´#Öw•z¿ìX%Šè›yâo³x»â´Zzgi0+{zh6,„ƒ**eczg:z{Z+»£¨:™nÇXYzh+**)~LL**Èî0Z+óóÆPZÃgt÷:
ð”xZiÄMŠxyZ[! Z}}.Zz0+èßZ[z**ßZ[@*ƒq-¢/*gŠZ,wp ¡‹Zz{xz³ÄZz®
q-w$ýGL¢F,!*h+%Z! ÈÒ™r#Ã!*h+%ZZ}}.Zq-i0+{%›h6,„ÉåEOD÷áh+āc*/Šg“!
ªnz$+~ÆâÉë L!~ÄèMŠxÆ!*)yZ[ƒŠHƒVXZk¡]{xZzg³x$zgìXt÷~Zq-¢[Å@*[Ì7ÑYX= Å™r#èÃÈ{Zzg¢F,wpecXZ}Zv=i0+{%›h6,„«™Ô÷áh+ZkГ3™~ÉåEO]qÝ™jVXtZ|[!¨¾æ
EOZ:÷á²~ÆÄ~Z‚2~ÐìXÑ›yZzgZKyÅËZg~Ô¢ïZzgu—~ìX
š~:p!*h+™ŠÔ~LÕè@óZzgLÕè�ÛúãóÆÄZyЊzZµZµ>ñ�Š÷XZDwÕè@Æ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷:ā7À.ïGL�ÛúãÆXZy
�§Vw Æ4,Šq-Z+ÑÅ´#ÖìX¯ÄZDw~ZkÅÞŠ'¹÷X
935
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°g
¢[æÅÄLZ+»�ÛâyZL(Ï�Ûi0+zVÆ**xóZzgZgèÈsiÅÄLLZ+Å&CÒø ELØgòóóÊN¢8»°ìX
LLZuZ§pŠ~ó~ZPÄpŠ~Æ%ZiZ¤“ïGLZÅ:ö XWÔ‚èÑZzg*"$ZÅ:ö XW
Cñ‰÷XtMy~%³%›ñðc***"ìJELh»£xì�Zq-*çÑ{y™@*Åú (New Word Order) ìXçËZg~z¢ïÆfg)Zq-˜Èâ
™@*ìZzgŠ*ÛzZpé]zZð»�xŠêì:Z}�Ûz¼Šh+ÒZkVÒ Z}ÎZ§Z\;ï IXELŠzgZVÒ$™*îEE
0pŠgZ(;iï EXIGLÍlÁ Øg¶ZZxgZ{ñlÁYÄ4ñ›!*iŠ{ &z‡âÈZ8ðEO]‚iŠ{§×VgZ$+{�Ä* !*iŠg¬ÝÒgZ&éGOx*
ŒV¬]ÅRö7ÔÜstZ÷ág{™**¢zg~ìāZDwÆ${ðG
O§pŠ~6,¿cZƒ™…"VwZ�ÛZŠ~¢ðGO]q݃$ËìXøgZoZq-¢oZzg#kgc*„0YìXŠ*ñZsx¢oz�ƒ$ËìZzgZZĬÝÛzZpé]ZzgZð»jŠc*YYìXZq-§st›ë÷ZzgŠzu~§sÃå2¸ZDw${ð
GO§pŠ~ÃpŠ%œ/e$c*Zq-nÅ%Ï:3,±h4ï
YGGŒÛZgŠ}™
ƒ¼',!*Š™ä6,Òƒñ÷XZ,Väf6Rz~Zzg"DÃ�ÛzrŠc*ìXÃ>c*:YYÂZ\kÆ‚Bc*Šg3YñÇX (corruption) ZyÅd$+ÄZã
${ðG
O§pŠ~˜VŠZ½ÂZ**ð»u*ìz;Vz{{gYîg6,Zq-˜ÈŠvŧbeZ%»šgÌìXeZËZâg‡h+°jg~Æ!í�ÃgŠ™Dƒñ˜÷:
LLZ„k°jg~äZDwÆÛpŠ~ÃgzâãpŠ%œ/e$ŒÛZgŠc*ìXZk~Ãðµ7āZDwÅpŠ~�ۊÊZ½îg6,]ZzgÂZ**ð«™CìX@*ëZÐpŠ%œ/e$ÅÞŠ]ŒÛZgŠbZkaŠg„7āpŠ~3,±h4ï
YGGÅ%Ï:ßg]aZ7™CX
045
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
pŠ%œ/e$�ÛŠÃZKfZ]Æpw~Z§™eZrì²pŠ~�ÛŠÃ!*g!*g{g`ŧs�Zzgñ�ŠÃ!3¨Òï EGE™äÅŠú]ŠîìXZkÒpÐZDw»Ã›pŠ~ZyµZz™s»qïìXÐi0+Ï!dÅ3ïGOGŧsYŠ{eƒYCìXZKyÅ¡~&&ZY¤/ƒC÷ZzgZyÅŠzcZ`ZÐ%›ñð¯ä
82 ~çz-$™C÷XóóZDwÆgzâãZ°gÆK~°jg~»ŠzuZŠúòc*Z‹Zntìāz{
yŠŠÔ÷XZkZ‹Zn»Y,{LLHZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?óó2LLHZDwÅ×e$èGßZzg${ð
GO§Gãì?óóÆik,ÄZy1ŠHìX°jg~»tŠúò
ÌZyÆZÒz9ŠúîVŧb›ëÆo°ìXZk£x6,ZkbÅŠz!*g{¶K0+„™ŠboƒìāZDwù¦Zzgîîg6,¢zGZzg=zyŠÆZâZ`
]øÊø¡ømøjø‚øe$†öæûá 2 ]øÊø¡øøiø³ÃûÏ×öçûá Æ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷ZzgtZsògzZe$ìXŒÛMÈœ~ZkÐic*Š{izg¢zZZy6,Šc*ŠHìZzg 92 ‰ZÖp!*g!*gZEwƒñ÷X
ñð»z�tCc*ŠHìāz{}.ZДh+›)ªG(g‚rìX=zGÆZâZ`»${ð
GOgZDwÆCÙŠzgƯx~ñ�ŠìXVB¦/Z1Z[~Š~
ˆ÷;ZÉ40î EGOPZÃgÔF,3ÉÔŠz!*g{ÜKYD÷:
)#!*¹X\Äæt(yŠZ‚ÛzŠ%ZŠgµ¦È�Û8-BZ�Ûz|#%ZtB3ïEGL™r#ÃZV!
ѪVgZGgZi»Ñ] ¾ÒVgZik,Å‚¯§]»gGZiik,ÅœZ‚k ik,ÅZiG¤/ŠŠhÙkîȬÅêLŠvØŠ GaV!*ik,Å[ØŠ
13 GgZ!*ik,ÅMöŠ{ &z$©øEGI
L¬ÅêLŠv"0î EE
)Ñtz¾[XYzh+**)(
145
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°g
5555LLõZáz$+ze$óóÆK~�ZÃg°jg~äÜK÷Qy~
úÒ{ZzgZëF,+t&ZÃg÷:YVÀì%~õZâgŠ~6,Nt…7ñŠâŠxi0+ÏÅìŠ?¡]Æ£œÅ™@*ì˜ãc*ÈÒõZðc*%›²;k5é XGã!
ƒ»Z!5é OGVZiÃ{zõZ„! @zYVœZi!*›ŠgzŠ“ZDwÆZÃgÔñçqдZzg)ÔÜ™äÆZ„k
°jg~˜÷ā:LLZyZÃg~ZDwõZði0+ÏÆæZðÃMD÷XZDwO�ÛâD÷āQ!3ð OGV»ƒqåÃ{zõZЃ@*ìYèõZðZzgÃÚã!-)åGOyZZxÅ/Úic*Š{izgÔ~«ÔàqZzg¼qƒD÷'ZDwä
’A.3ï EGGÆ“ZW,Z]»YOf™HìXZyZÃg~Ì�Ûâc*ìā²1V»g|#è�YÆÏ}~pZË{ƒ™g{ŠHXZDwäõZáÅ×e$Æ�l~½VÅ')å GOã}.â]ÃÃZ0+Zi™Šc*ìXZIYZq-xZSy')å GOyÆzZg_¸'$+ze$Å6,�læZk~ZDwä')å GOyÅ',»]Ã
8ÃZ0+Zi™Šc*ì'Z,VäLYzh+**óó~Zq-VàçÑ{Îc*ìTŃÐ(,~S¤tìāZk~LŠ-áó7ì'CÙËŠ-â/o{–&M�V;ZiŠ{V;¾{–XªCÙìā].h+çÑC»çVÅ„:âèê~C{heÐ
23 ¬ÝÎäÐXóó eƒ$ËìZzg:ìàZzgVà
245
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
°jg~ÆZ0+Z¯×»Zq-Útìāz{¯ÄZDwÆÚøZ]ÃÖD÷ZzgZLð”{!í�Æ',@�¼ZDwÆ;Vƒ@*ìZÐi%æGLc7ÑDZzgbz~_¬Å¯6,ß}òïs÷ZzgZk§b‡gMÃè´V~2™D÷X
L8¸çEELgZ{óÆbZÃg°jg~äÜK÷XZy~|‹åÅõZâgŠ~6,Z4Åi!*ãZq-û{ìXZÝ$åO¬¬ÄÆŠzu}´Ð
zZãƒZì:t…7ñŠâŠxi0+ÏÅìŠ?Xªi0+Ï4èÚZzgJÃÙÐX6,=zfzt 33 „g]ìX!*¹0*õZÃgb8çXL¡]Åd6,FF÷X
gppzZáË¿ÃÃðZ‹Zn7ƒYXZDwÆZq-2næZ−+Z£äZDwÆZ,ZÃg„Ã÷{÷á²~ŒÛZgŠc*ìXZ¹t÷á²~ÌËÑÆ�ìZzgZkÑŶK0+„ÈÆMy~ÄЃCì:
¢F,ì¤/Š¶øÐYÄi0+Ïì¸Z}"¸gZ¯ŠzZÄi0+Ï!
ìÔ!*¹Z|ƒÒyìXõZâgŠ~ZDw (view) ZDw»tÇ!Š+
÷LÃÆMÚøZ]~ÐZq-ÚøìZzg°Š!*¯Z]7ìXZDw}Ì!-)åGOy¸VÃõZîV~Y™M!*ŠƒäÅS7™DÉõZáÆZq-z�ÔÚ].z4ÃZ(g™äÅS™D÷X
ÈÒõZðZzg%›²;k5é XGãÅJÃÙZТoZzgàqgBbìX°jg~äZk!*]ÐZ·tHìāQ!3ð OGV»ƒqåÃ{zõZЃ@*ìX‘ÕäO)ZDwÅZkgZñÐÌZ%s™**Âìā§¿Zzg¢oZZx�R@M‚ãZzgÈÙ»Dgƒ™izZw5+k,ƒYC÷Xg{t!*]āZDwä')å GOyÅ',»]Ã8ÃZ0+ZiHìÔZzg½VÅ')å GOã}.â]ÃÃZ0+ZiHìÔX°jg~ÆtŠú}|Æo°÷:Y»8jèELËÔ²[»ÎiŠgzVXZDw„ä¹
345
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°g
ìXpŠõZñ²[${ðG
O§Â©Zzg,ègÎwåÆi%æGLZW,')å GOy»u*0ŠHå:')å GOyM�Û,Ô7Õä
EO¾M&4èJGEL˜0+Zg~
34 z{õZñ²[Ôª·!*âV»‘ZgZJÃÙZzg4èÚÅSÆaZDwägóg8-¸W,Z‚2èÒy
лx1ìpz{')å GOã',»]Æ”G7÷XZDwZsò')å GOyÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷TÆDZzg�ÛzrÅ{§%æEOLR~Zq-Zµ›gc*„»${ð
GOg7HåX
')å GOyZDw»Ih+{ñçqìXZyÆ4,Šq-f!�d$ÆŠZ½ÁÜ)}d['çÑ}~°wzZ»s»ªx':æOe$ÔZpé]Ô)zZ]'úZò#bz‹Š'ÌðI~(ZsòZŠZgÅÂW÷Xf!�d$Æâœ{6,*:bCÙÅZDwä#¿ÅìXZsò')å GOyÆ}.z{wH÷?Zk£x6,¢ƒæÅÜsZq-ÄLæ"3ïEGGLZsxó»_·7HY@*ìXZkÄÆÜs0*õZÃg÷X~Zsò')å GOyÆZëF,+UîVŶK0+„ňìXZk~°jg~ƼŠŠúîVZzgZ²Zâ]ÅF,Šh+ñ�Šì:
CîV�ÛVÅi0+ÏHìtì."ìGGLZ0+6z¾Á†V!ƒqìr©ïEGLMë[Zk»¾z[u:ZzgVÁiâ:Í**ÍV!:Zk~“¸çLgzZVŧÐÜZg~:Zk~’<å XL@ÆY:zZ\V!›$þJLZ$+~6,Z‚kìZkÅti0+Ïì7ìƒÒgêLZ#îV!ÁÜZkÆ÷gzbZ;k»fz¾)wY»8jèELËÔ²[»Î¯ŠgzV!
445
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Z0+6Zzg†yÆZÖp–weZˆZhZgŠzZzgÃgÏ~=ZzgGZsòi0+ÏÜs[i0+Ï7ìXz{ËG6,FFÌ7 53 ÆáZŠÃ]÷X
ìXz{=zGŠzâV»%“ìÉŠzâVÆŠgz;ñ¾w6,ŒìXZq-§sZZyZkŠgœāZvZzggÎwåÆZ©â]ŠwzYyÐJwZzgŠzu~§sD+',ZÚi',Š„āZÑzMÃtÆx@{z_·6,”X
ñÑ**ÝxgÎw$LL_ÅïEL¢ƒæó~˜÷āLLMÔ~NCîVā›yÅi0+ÏHì?Zk~=ÌZz•¾w6,ƒCìZzgGÌXª›yÅi0+Ï~=zGZq-Šzu}ÆU/UZKZdÐZdßg]~ñ�ŠƒD÷Xóó
›yÅi0+Ïâ"5å EELMë[ìX›yÝÐ̦/g@*ìÔZ!ïGL0izZw5+k,̃CìpCÙÝ�ÛZi»ZzgCÙizZwƒq»7Ѓ@*ìX
ti0+ÏiâäŧbZq-Z$+~|ìT»öZzggógā‡ìŠZììX“¸çLgzZVY:zZ\VÐÜZgì�p!Å!*]ìp§ÐÌÜZgì�p!7É{òìZzgZkzzÐ{0+ZãÂxÅaBIˆ÷X’<å XLŠ*~§¶pZk~Zz;xzyZÃ]»izgÌåXZsò')å GOyÇ].h+Zzg’<å XLŠ*ŠzâVÅpÒVg‚rìpŠzâVÅ{ñVÐ0*uìXZk~Z�ÛZozy7ìXt')å GOyÕZzggz×ìàÆ‚BZÜtz§ŠZg~»qïÌìX
æ"3ïEGGLZsxÅZ‚k›ë6,ìXËnÆX)c*gzâ+M(6,7ìXt›ëZ$+~÷Zkaāi0+ÏÆ{Ûä¯ñZzgCñ÷X
My~Ä~ZÍiZk!*]ÅÂ}ňìāZsòi0+ÏÅãCŠzkìXzkÃLfz¾)wóÈ™ZsxÅ)àŠgÃzZãHŠHìXU*3fz¾)wÆŠzÁÜLLY»8jèELËóóZzgLL²[»Î¯ŠgzVóóCñ‰÷XÍc*Zsòi0+Ï
ŒìKãzçÑC΄ZzggzqãÎiz”¹6,X7g~ÄZk!*]6,
545
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°g
ŠÑª™Cìāæ"3ïEGGLZsxZ�ÛZozyÔ¾z[zizZwÔZY:zZ\VÔ"gZ{gz~ZzgXzÂëÐ0*uìXZsò')å GOyZq-%“ì=zGƾÑ]»Ô)wz°wÆZz™s»ÔŠ*z].h+ÅpçV»ZzgZZyzÕÅ',ÆV»X
tìZsò')å GOyc*ZDw»VàçÑ{XZkÚø~Z„k°jg~z{ 63 ÆŠú}"ãCŠÔZyÅ¥%]q-gqZzgZyÅŠPè$Mö÷X
ZLð”{!í�ÃU*"$™äÆaãCŠ~Zzgúc*V›ë»‚o™äÆOñZ¹ÖD÷c*ZyÐÄZYD÷X
6666LLYgq:é]I~óó»Z‹ZnZDw6,°jg~»aåZzgMy~Z²ZxìX¡¾æ E
LZDwÃgzâãU*"$™äžnЖìāLLz{f[Ƥ‰Ü6,„#aÐOW,ƒñ÷XóóZzgtāLL¢o/õ
EIHZzg',}V»,]I~6,ȃ@*73 ìXZyÆ´z{ZDw"54fõ E
GHIÐOW,ƒñ÷�]zߪ»æZðåXóó
°jg~»tz¾{ìāz{ËGz2ÃU*"$™äžnÐËŠzu}Å Gz2ÃãCŠ¯D÷XZk~—7āZDw›âVÃZKMiZŠ~zsä
{§~ƒäÅS™D÷ÔZkaā:ìxfÅwZ%À¢Y]XpZk!*]Æa-g\Ægzâã#aÃâ~.IZ**ZgZzg‰wìXZDwäLLZuZ§pŠ~óÅā~:*.çFGLgzò{ugZZÔ™Š&Zi½gxā{;y™ŠX»Z‹ZszZ´y
HìZzg!*ÁƒsÅÄLLcz%h+óó~ñÑ**gzò»tÄÌŠg`Hì:ÅŠgŠ#èGELâkBz“{ÅŠgŠ#èGEL‘4fõ GW¸gzÃ{
2nz#Ũ4èE
GELZDwÐsÃX™xÈDäZDwÆ¡Òiªî EE0¸]»
¡¾æE
LZDwÐ 83 â~.-g8�~ˆlHìÔgzòÃz{ÌÃZ0+Zi7™nXzZŠzZ/gppzZáÌY…÷āZDwÈÒñð~}.ZðÌ]Å¡
645
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Š9eT÷XZvÅZq-ÚLL¸~óóƒ**ìOç¢ðGO]I~ÆaZDwÃ-g\Ægzâã#aÐg�q™äÅ¢zg]7¶X
ZkÅãCŠ6, 93 ZDwÅ„~Z‚kÆK~tZq-Gz£ìXñßsŒVTZ²Zx»@sZDwïgì÷z{LLYg83ïGOGI~óóìXZDwÃYg83ïGOGIŒÛZgŠbGz2Æ´z{›ëÃ*™**ìXZDwÆÀ&Ä°jg~Ãïn÷qp3,m,~ZzgZDwÅYgq:]I~Æa�go]
°jg~:Ä~Z|[»ìwgnp÷Zzg:tŠÙ÷āË 04 7HìXZ6,ZDw»¨ù¦H!í�ì�ZyƯÄÄz�Ðúc*Vîg6,zZãƒ@*ìX
LLHZDwZsòÃÁ÷?óóÆi%æGLÄZy°jg~Æ´z{Šzu}Z·ZYV2à:ZzgyzZ3ÿXL¯ÆÌZkZ‹Zn»Zq©HŠHìX
‚%ZYZzgZEg~¤ÐFœ-VЬÅêLZsxÃ@*|#z@*gZ`™a g„÷ZzgZyÆz‚bÃß^g„÷XZDwZkƒzÕ»{ØeT÷ÔZk
›y˜´Ã¢oz�ƒäÅS™D÷XZDwÆ4,Šq-é]»ZEwíÅ×e$~ZzgÑÆÜsƒ**ecXZDw»%›}.Z)**T$èh(
§îVÃ*»�xŠêìZzgŠ*ÃZð»‘Zg{¯@*ìXZDwZK+MÆFípZ{÷ZzgZ+ÆZI»gzVÅ(Š*Åiâx%ŠZÈ}.ZÆ;B~ŠbeT÷X
7777|I~»»ŸHì?HZsòŠ*»$zggxZzgZEgÅ»g
ÆMÐ"rZzgÑeg~»‡Úu%:¶gx?HtoƒZzg9ZŠZx:ƒÇā›yÌ¢oz�ƒV@*āYg¢AZzgZ¡wÆeÃgzuÃ?
ZDwõZáÅ°pZka7™Dāz{!-)åGOyM!*Š-VÃõZîV~Šd
745
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°g
eT÷ÉZy»AZkÐÌtìā$zgZZxJÃÙZ(g™Æ]qÝ™,Xz{')å GOyZzgõZáŵS:]æ™D÷X
ZDwÃYgq:]I~»FxIZ™°jg~›ZZxÃ$zggeT÷XZDwÃyŠŠ#»Z²ZxŠ¶»ÑÌtìāyŠZ�Ûzi~Æ**x6,ZsòŠ*»g¢zZZyÐ{™Šc*YñX
ZDwÃ!*~gzâã)i0+ÏÆi‡VФ/m,™äzZÑ(�g™Æz{ZDw(Ë»ZÈx™D÷@*āZDwÆ„z,Ã)W,¯c*YnÔ²ËuJ-¡~îg6,Zzg(,~uJ-Fg~Æ',ÎV~¾ƒäÆ!*z�ŠZDwä.e$f%î OŠZg~Ð',z‰ÜZŠZâ]KZzgZL¸òzç2ZKã�ÛZøÐ$+g<îE0¾wÇ{',Mƒä~»x[gìX
ZDwyŠZ�Ûzi~ÅZ•eT÷pZkÆ‚B¢zZZy»¾wÌZy»£[z°ŠìXÜsyŠ6,izgŠ}™°jg~Zq-âŠ~Âx)Z·ZK(ŧs›âV»¥cñh**eT÷²ZDwŠzâVâŠ~ÂñV)Z·ZK
ZzguâtŠZg~(ÆÜs÷XŠ*Z·ZK»Š/™ÆZzgZk»$i{Û™ZÐgh_ìZzguâtŠZg~ÆŠZð~C{ág„ì²ZDwÆ4,Šq-:
D+%æEOÅ\V»g~Ðœƒ7Y14 ˜V~T')å GOyůuâtŠZg~ì
˜y~ZZxÅçl¸g]¤/~µƒðìXŠ*ÃZq-Z,�6,¿cZƒäÅ¢zg]ì�:Z·ZÅ:uâtŠZgZ:ƒÉ�ŠzâVÅ{ñVÐ0*uƒZzgŠzâVÅpçV»qïƒXZkÆ‚BtâŠ~,gzqãzZܹZŠZgÆ@*,ƒZzgZkÅZ‚kZ$+~›ë6,ƒX
Zk£x6,tß.Šzg™äÅ¢zg]ìāZDwhZzg!*ë»ZâZ`gzZgnp÷:
845
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
!*ëŠzðIìÔhÑÑq-ì24 Ñ•xUhz!*ë:™Jw!
ZDw')å GOyz$+z"ìGOGÔ].h+zŠ*ÔÑtz¾[Ôgzâ+Mz_5½ïGGÔ=zGÔŠ*zMy]Zzg¿UZZyzÕÆZâZ`ÃgzZgnp÷ZzgZkZâZ`ØÈ@*i{Å%Æa¢zg~ŒÛZgŠï÷pt‚gZ¿hÅgzÝ~Zzg!*뻣¨™ÆZ�x0*@*ìX÷á²~Zzg÷á²Z:Z‚2ÅuJ-ZDwÆ;Vgzââe$Zzg¯]½3ïGG»ZâZ`ìpZDwÆZ°gZsxÅZ$+~ZŠZg6,FF÷XZ¹gzâãIè$Z0ZzgeZ{ÁìXZ„k°jg~Åï**³ìZzg£œ‡u÷ZzgZyÆŠú}›ëÆo°÷XZDwgzâã7ÉZq-|I!¨¾æ EO
÷ÔZ%Z¤/gzââe$Å°ptÅYñāz{%æFNZäeJ‘ÃÂhŠîìÂpŠZsx~gzââe$ñ�ŠìXZsxäZKyÃÈzVÅÈÏÐMiZŠ™ÆçÑ}Ã)zZ]zZpé]ÆZßßV6,Z2ZgHXZk|x~Zsx~ZzgZ°§
ZDw~gzââe$Gñ�Šì1ZysV~7ìX6,°jg~ÃZÜZgìX
945
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°g
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,])!*nKM(131X331Ô331X431Ô431X631 1@*3XLLZDwZzgZyÅgzâ+Móó˜!LLZDw»Ågz®:)~Úø~óó%"0î GOEeZˇgKÔ 4X™29
QgŠzZŠ[~gzââ~’q-Ô,]41X51 5XZDw»D¯xÔ™431:qí 6XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ)1‹ZDwÅúÔ!£Ñ‹Ñp 7X8XZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]831X931 9XZDwZq-_·Ô™362 01XMÏMð˜÷āLLƒÐ(,|™¬^þ
ILCÙYðÜ>ZkÆÐå3 11X
'!ZyÓxV~z„Zq-gzbQìÔª'1ZÛÏXóó)¯ÄZDw»"Ñv‹tÔ™94(
L¬^þI
LCÙYðó~ZDwä¹ì:ñ8ïEEL
$h»4èG
GÓ÷áñÑZ§8k0î EGL0ƒ7YÔāŠw',tMÙg‚rƒV~CÙ»ŸGÅ¡]»ƒTпlM{!z{»ïiæ¬g‚rƒV~
LL»ï+CÐöG
EOóóÆZÖp©wÆ',@ñLwzs~‘÷X)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ!*&ëEYLŠgZÔ™031(pMÏMðÊ3ð7ŠbXZ,VäZyZÃg»|xKÅÃÒÌ7ÅXKÆ$¹é EL]t÷āL¬ÔCÙYðóÅF,IZDwZLapŠ
ZEw7™gìÉ#Ũ4èE
GELZDwZ(™gì÷ZzgZDwLLÑZ§HóóЦ/g™»ïiÔÃ欯gì÷@*āGÅ¡]»CÙ»Ÿ7gZƒnX\ÄætÔ™971 21X{zgZÈyX¢[èæ 31X
055
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
eZË·ŒLLZgŠz~gzââ~’q-óóÆŠâp…3üELU*ã~˜÷āLLQgŠz~gzâã 41X»ÂZÒGz›Æe~ZEwƒ@*ìZzgZ#LZk’q-ŧsZ÷ág{™**°Šƒ�-g\~gzâ�c*gzâyKwxÆ**xÐczsƒðÂZ0+6gLìāQgŠz~Zkв%ZŠ7àYñZkaLzó»ZŸ†gzZg3ŠHìXóó²z•ZDwÔ™951 51XæZ−+Z£àâ])Éçw~Ì(T§b»g*zöeT÷z{ 61X¯]½3ïGG»z�ìXZDwÅîsV~gzââe$Æi%æGLZW,g*zöŠZ½âλìZzg{gYnÆöÅx6,zZ7ÅXæZ−+Z£ÆZ‹Zn6,ZÖ§gZñ™DƒñeZˆZhä–ìāLLßvLmÁÜÃI™D÷ZzgLgzâãÁÜÃXtgDyZzgfztšzz7ƒ@*Ô@*g]Zzg;Cîg6,¿
ZzggáLO¿»Zq-7¾æFO¸ìÔZ#ßvìÑ]Å�ÛZzZãZzgH~Ð÷4ZzgZÂä”÷ÂZyÅŠpZ‚2ÅF,KMzF,IÆ‚B(,|YCìZzgZ#z{343ï XJGG
Å}é7ãÔ.Zzg§ŠÐÜZgƒD÷Â+B5ÿGE
GOŤ/òÔ÷áŠZ!ZzggógāÆÔÇgƒD÷Xóó)ZDwZzg¬@ZŠ[Ô™422(
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwÔ÷á²%"0î GOE6,zWg<Z−+;×Ô,]551Ô231 71X81XZDwÆ_¬ÆÚøZ]Ô™31 91XZDwÆÄ~Z‚2Ô™731 02XZgŠzZŠ[~gzââ~’q-Ô™23 12XZDw»ÂĮԙ791 22XZDw»‘ÐêLZDwÔ,]91Ô731X831 32X42X${ðG
OsX¢ƒæ 52XZDw)Z)àY,{(Ô,]22X32 62XZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™241 72Xgzâ+MÔ&yZzgZDwX!LLÝl:ZDw�2óóÔŠc7791YÔ™962 82XLLŒÛMy0*u~Æa)Áz÷(Z/Mt÷Ô&åGO',ÆaMJÔ$©ªî GEGO 92XÆaäÔÅgÆaZûÔ$š¨ÿ
GGOÆaZ™kZzg"3¸ç GEOÆaàâ})ù·122('Mt÷Xóó)ZDwZzgŒÛMyÔeZËÝx@{yÔ™3301(ŒÛMȜŧs!z‰Üg�q™äzZáZDwÆaZyMc*]ÃÃZ0+Zi™**
155
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°g
e7åXOçnz{Ågz=Zzg„z&åGO',ÅZÌÃÃZ0+Zi7™DXZDwäÂpŠ~ÃÌLLzu‹z].ZãóóÆ‚BLLÅg»gz×óó¹ìX)Šâ<îF0š~
ZuZ§pŠ~&£Ñ‹ZDwÔ™391(LLYzh+**)óó~LLX‹¬ÝŒÛMãóóÆ!*[~LLÕ;.ç E
GLMZ„óó»!*‡°{ÄZy‡ìHìZzgCc*ìā:„ÕgZ}.Z;.ç E
GLM&CÙ—Z,ígZ|qXªZväÕÃíM¹ìXN˜VÌtíÃMñZÐZCáXªLL-g8Z‚E+{ä÷~yŠÃÅc*Zzg™xÈÃä÷}JgÃgz×HXóó 03X
ZyZÃg»F,Àtì'LLZ3ÿXLf[Æa=‚¯§]ìZzgZ3ÿXLætÆ 13XaGgZ¯»Ñ]X=GÅ$+zªhÙkk�ìZzgG=Å$+zªZL»xÃœZ‚k¯@*ìXGZzg=»ZâZ`Zq-˜ÈŠvÅßg]¤/~™@*ìXZJZzgGz=Ã5™˜ÈŠvÅy™XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]141@*551 23XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ!*&ëEYLŠgZÔ,]192X292Ô891 33X43XZDw»ÂĮԙ224XÄ»|x³™ä~eZˆZhÅ=%]Ã&4øFG
ILÃ 53X
g3ŠHìX),ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔƒèÃgÔ,]224@*624(LŠ-0VóÐä3ƒñMŠgMŠðNÆ@*gq-!*ŠßVðjg~].h+çÑC 63X»çVÆ**x6,Jw™ä»tg{Šï÷ZzgZkÆ£«6,@*i{z™sƒZÅ
d6,ZDwÃjyHìXŠ*Z[cðÔM!ZzgiFMߊÏÆÜsZî`™g„ìZzg°jg~ÅŠZ›g~ZÐJw™ä»tg{ŠîìXHZKyÅ#bZÏ~ìāQaZzZguz[Ð!*CÙƒpZKyÃ0*u™sƒZx:ƒ?°jg~»ŠúòìāLL].h+çÑC»çVÅ„:âèê~C{heÐe)ƒ$Ë?(ìZzg:ìàZzgVà¬ÝÎäÐXóó
ZsòçÑ{Và¢zgìpìà7ìXZkÅZ‚k›$þJLZ$+~6,ì²
].h+çÑC»2Âlkg¤VÃÌ0*âw™gì÷Xâèê~C{heÅ!*]
&CÿLOÃìXZsxZzgZDwŠ*z].h+Æqï÷ZzgZDwä].h+zŠ*Å„z&ÃßÃ~¹ìXLLHZDwŠZ#Ö6,„Zzgg‡I÷?óóÆi%æGLÄZyZkZ6,,ÐgzÝeZàˆìX‘ÕäO)ZDwäLZuZ§pŠ~óÅā„~ÈŠc*åāLLðâZñ÷á•çL�ÛŠZ0óóp°jg~
255
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Z¹âè6,„ŒÛZgŠ¶6,Òƒñ÷ZzgZkÑÆ�LKèŒÛ\óÆZkÄ:MƒgzZÈL!¾})g}Ãð&ŠNg;ìËZzgiâä»pZ[!ÃLLâè»pZ[óó–ìX)ZDw»D¯xÔ™041(²tÄÔÈÆ(t~ìZzgtpZ[LLw»pZ[óóìXZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™551 73X
}xV·Ñp˜÷āLLf[Æ!3›å GOŠ”V~àz‰ÜÌzZá 83X¡ÒiªîEE
0¢ðGO]~ZDwÃ(,~YfšMÃMð'ZqŠ"ìGILt~åÆâÎòÔñÑ**gzòÅš~~ZKÈ»ï»TŠgE+™{MìZÚf™ËZzgñçq»7XgzòÌ
"3‹fõEGIZzgŠv©6,„gz74-öGG\VÅâ#Zg»ÔZ(gÔZk**]ÔZ$+"ìGGLfZ]ÔZgZŠÒ”Áé]ZzgtZ”ÅŠgz7Ƈb÷Zzg6,Zä‚vVÃÂh™6eä¯äÆm÷X',}yÅâ#gzòw•ÃZÝ|Zzgz].ZyÃJZYDŒÛZgŠï÷X)£Ñ‹ÑpÔ™16(
ZDwÅÃÔ-g8�Zzgš~gzòŠzâV6,÷~¶XŠ9tìā"54fõ EGHIÔ',}VZzg
gzò~Ðiâã$¨å GGOx£qÝìX,ÆaLLH¡¾æ E
LZDw»gì?óó 93Xz{ZÃgt÷: 04X
ì³[ZLÛÅMv~W»**xJÃÙÐì&Ñ÷
GELi0+ÇãZø!
�½F,6,1¢~'×ZìZ}*z{'×Z÷áh+½F,ÆÛ~Ì7!
ÈU½<™ÈUÛ¤/xgpp»ìZu·:!
¬Ä~JÃÙŽìZzgZÐp3,m,~Æo]~7™**°jg~ÆÐÃå„Å»ggzZðƒ$ËìXMy~Ä~Û¤/xgppÆa1¢Í<™1¢»f™ìÔp3,m,~»7ìXŠzu}Ä~Ìp3,m,~ÃF,ßqÝ7XZkÄÐˤxÆÜsªÝŧsÐYg¢AU*"$™**ZDwÆÄ~Z|[ZzgZyÆÇñ�ÃÃZ0+Zi™äÆáZŠsìXZyZÃgÉ÷á�ÆjZáÐ×cLLZDwŠ#Zq-_·óó)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ,]082@*682(
355
ZDwÆ!540î EGOEgzâãZ°g
~ňìXquÿL¯xtìāLLZDw$zgZzgõx›yÃZL·Z7ÐGZzgZkÆ”wÆa§ÉZzgjAÆ‚B].z4ÅS™D÷X
Zk~]»gZiì�ZEgÐ�]ŠÑ$ËìXóóƒ»ZsxD!*8-èŠgZ 14XÎyãÅzr3ïGOGD¢ƒæ 24X
/'/'/
455
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ŠÎZV!*[
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
I8ïILzu]Zß�ŠÐfíÒZD1]1ÍìX�,œ~ÆZzZbÐá™Z!xJ-Zkñçq6,Ò]ЖŠHìZzgtŸYg~g�»
ZkyìX!3›å GOŠZ3ÿXL¯ä‘Õä O)ZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~ŒÛZgŠc*ìXZy~zu]Zß�ŠZzgZDwŠzâVÆqò÷áï÷X¯ÄZDwÆ�g÷ágb6,zW-ŠÐ²‘Õä O)ZDwÆZgZŠ]qÌ÷ZzgÛzu]Zß�ŠÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZgÌXZ,Vä¯ÄZDwÅѲ™ZzgZkMh~‘Õä O)ZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~U*"$™ä~i0+Ϧ/ZgŠ~X2¤z#Ũ4è
EGELZDw~ZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~
ŒÛZgŠ¶zZßV~úc*V**xZ„k°jg~»ìXZ,VäZ%ZÄZDwžnÐZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~IZc*X
Zkñçq6,ZÍioZºM!*Š~äZKÂz%ÃiÅXz{Ûzu]Zß�ŠÆqò÷ZzgZDwÐZyÅZgZŠ]q~æzoìZk!*]Ðāz{¾uJ-
zu]Zß�ŠÃt™D÷X6491YÆŠzgZyLLM`ÀóóÆ!3›å GOŠÑgzV~oäZDw6,£Š»Z²Zx¬Z+HXzu]Zß�ŠÆK~Z,VäZDwÃ�§{m@½W¯c*²eZË@*|äZyÅW»�Z[ŠïƒñZDwÆ
XoLL$¨å EGLZDwóóÆŠâd~˜÷ā 1 zu]Zß�Š~ƒäÅÂ}™Š~LL÷}“u»�Z[eZË@*|%jxZzg‰Šzu}Zô[äŠ}™=Ny
HXZ¤/p=Zy�Z!*]Ðú:ƒð1÷ZŠwZk6,ÌMâœ{:ƒeā‘Õä O)ZDwÆìÑ]~ZÚÜô§Št™1YñZzgMy~äpŠ„Zk
555
ÂÃi™äÅÈÅXóóoZºM!*Š~äZL}+÷JELïÃÂ[ÆMy
~Zk§b7Hì:LLZ’Z~‘Õä O)ZDwÆD~Z#èEEL²!Zzgu~öÆÃc*]»�ÛtzZã:åZzg${ð
GOsÅ̬]ZyÆf‚~:‰p
My’góZyÅzZ/(,fˆZzgZyÆÃc*]$+s‰XZka‘ÕäO)ÆÝó™äÆaZyÅMy~£?„6,
Z®g™**ecT~zŸs#Æ‚B${ðG
OsZzgzu]Zß�ŠÃ2 tHìZzgZkÅF,)ãÅìXóó
oÆZW,Z]ԈƙzZßVäJwKXZyÆZq-czuŠZgZ£'äZq-Â[÷áùÅT»ÄZyì:LL¡¾æ E
LZDw»D+g÷Zz[:uŠZgZ£Æ4,Šq-ZDwäzu]Zß�Š DDD zu]Zß�ŠÐzu]Zß�ŠJ-óó
ÅŠz!*g{@*GÅXz�Š~�ÐOW,Šzu}™xÈDäÌZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~ŒÛZgŠc*ìXZy~eZË‚]ŒZâg÷áï÷X
6,zW-ŠÐ²äLLÑ—ZuZ§pŠ~óóÅ¢}ÿE
LÞ~LLZDwZzgÛzu]Zß�Šóó6,×cÅìXZyÆ4,Šq-1091YJ-ZDwzu]Zß�Š~¸X8091YÐ2291YJ-Zkñçq6,¼7–Zzg2291YÐ8391YJ-Zk
вäLL!hÓëLzu]Zß�ŠÅŒÛMããCŠóó6,½ãäÔ 3 o}ÅVÅX¯ÄZDwÅŠzu~ÑjV~ÌZ,VäZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~ 4 −K÷X
XoäÌLLZ0²!»Ã›zu]Zß�Šóó 5 Zzgzu]Zß�ŠÃZsòŒÛZgŠc*ì6 Æi%æGLÄZy–ìāLL|]Z0²!ÆÃbÅãCŠŒÛMyzug$6,ìXóó
2222LLZDw»‘ÐêL¯xóó‘Õä O)ZDwÆÜsZ„k°jg~ÅZë#Ö:"ìXÂ[Æa¸!*[»ÄZyLLZDwZzgÛzu]Zß�ŠóóìX
655
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
°jg~zu]Zß�ŠÃ)ZsòÃtŒÛZgŠï÷X²ZyÅïÆ_.LLZDwÆ„zûM¸iÌzu]Zß�ŠZzguc*yЃZåZzgZ�xÌzu]Zß�ŠZzguc*y6,ƒZXóóñßsÆŠÑbøDfs÷:
zu‹z�Šc*!Zz„»Ãt{µMgc*ðìXzh+Z-$ÔZÑZEZzgZ#èEEL²! )1(Æzu‹z�Š~ãCŠ~ZßwZzgŠg,œu÷XÐVÃbZu"ìGOG
ÆF,)yZzguc*ã÷X (Monism)
ZDwÊzzZTVÐzu‹z�Šc*!Zz„»Ãtf6Zzgfz¹÷Z_~5 )2(åXZq-Âz{',a5,ZŠ¸Zzguc*y»${ð
GOgœ-VÐZyÆM!*zZ].ZŠÆ
f‚z=~Óf™[åZzgŠzu}ZyÆzZ−Zq-™8ïELÙzqwß°¸XZK÷á²~ÆZ’ZðŠzg~–wxV·ÑpLLZDwÜsâZ#îã„:¸Ézu]Zß�Š6,»ï¢gnp¸X-g\ÆŠzgZȪx~ÌZq-æ]J-ZDwzu]Zß�ŠÆ‡bgìXóóâˆZÅŒ43š5é EGG‹Zk,Zy™ÆˆZDwÆìÑ]z'Z+~úc*V$ā.ç
GEGOgzú )3(
ƒäÎXt$ā.ç GEGOYVZzgùgzúƒZÔZkÆ0ØZ@ñ�Š7÷X
£Äª]ìāZDwäÓxz�Š~ßBz#aÅJ#¿Åp )4(ñÑ**°wZ−+gzòÃ�zu‹z�ŠÆ�gZzgŸiF,)yŒYD÷:Üs!k54/õ
GIEWŒÛZgŠc*ÉZyÃZCcz%”Ìt™1XÓx!ígðz÷ág±»Zk!*]6,Z·tìāñÑ**gzxzu‹z�ŠÆ:Üs‡b¸ÉZkÆ%æFN�l+̸X¬xîgÐìwHY@*ìāZDw%DŠxJ-zu‹z�ŠZzguc*yÆ )5(#³gìpt°Ä&åGO',»³ìX|tìāZDwZzZ:æEL/~zu‹z�ŠÅ§sŠz!*g{g�q™ä6,6gƒ‰¸XOçh‹ægZk~Z,VäzZ”sZ0+Zi~uc*yÅ×e$ÅZzgZÏ${ð
GOg6,ZÅ;5é XWG]Åqg]
755
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
Z2ZgÅXc*Šgìāߢ0î EG0z�ŠtÌfZ‹}.Zz0+~Æuc*yƇb÷X
Z#ZÅ;5é XWG‹ZsðÅ$h½5ÿGI
GL].h+ÆaQVc*Âz{ßBz�ŠtÅZÅ;5é XWG]ÃZCä6,6gƒ‰XZyÆuc*yÅF,)ã].h+¡Òiªî EE
0Zg»ÅgzÝ~ÅZzgZ#èEEL²!Ô²Z¹Ôµg7ÕäO`Ô�Þ[Z−+zgŠ~>wZzg�!*m,h+”ò
‰x‹ßBz�ŠtКØZ~.zZ.Š{™äÑX3333
tŠg„ìā-g\ÆŠzgZȪxJ-ZDw!Zz„ÆÄëgì�Šg|9LLzu‹8jèELz�ŠóóÆMsŠZg÷XtZyÅ÷á²~ÆZgD**]~ÐZq-gDyåXZkÆo]~ZDwÆŠ±VzZãZÃgñ�Š÷�°jg~äÜK÷X°jg~ÅÒy™Š{z�{Æ´z{QgŠzÃgÏÆÄ~ZŠ[ÔZôm,~ƼŠÄZøwzgeizgBZzg-g8�Æ_¬äZDw
Å ÆZkgDyþe$Š~X@*ë5091Y„~ZDwzu]Zß�ŠÅÔŒÛMÈœZDwzu]Zß�ŠÐ¢„Š„',ŠZg 7 gzÝ~ÔYyΙDŠ3ðŠï÷X
ƒ‰Zzgˆ~ZkÅizgŠZg#¿ÅXtìwŠg„7ìāZk$ā.çGE
GOÆØZ@: ñ�Š7÷XZDwZL¯[¯xpZzŒÂòñgQ03Šc5191Y~˜÷
LL÷Z¡~ZzgM!*ð~y${ðG
OsŧsìZzg-g\»,7,"Ðt~yZzg̸~ƒŠHåXYè¡Òiªî EE
0-g\¨ù¦zu]Zß�ŠÅ§sgc™@*ìÔ1ŒÛMy6,D+',™äZzg@*g+÷ G
ELZsx»Ng_·™ä»³tƒZā=ZKt¥xƒð
8 Zzg~ä¡ŒÛMyÅ{§ZLŠ*ìwÃF,u™Šc*XóóŒÛMy6,&åGO',Zzg@*g+÷ G
ELZsxÆNg_¬ÐZDwÃZLzu]Zß�Š~
gDyÆ߃ä»DƒZZzgŒÛMy„Å{§Z,VäZko}ÃF,u™Zzg Šc*Xzu]Zß�ŠÃF,u™ÆZDwäZsò¶Kè0èU*6ÅãCŠŒÛMÈœ6,g¿
855
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
§]¸Zy»!Š+
÷LÃZzgŠ2§¿g;XZDw6,™zZázu]Zß�ŠÆ @*74èGELqò‘Õä O)ZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~U*"$™äÆaiz§Üs™Dgì÷XZyоe$0*™ZzgZyÅ@*zÞ]~¼Zzg@*zÞ]»ZŸ†™Æ°jg~äZDwÃuc*ãZzgzu]Zß�Š~ŒÛZgŠ}Šc*ZzgZkw"ÐZDw(Ë»»x1X°jg~»tZœ¬āLLZDwM:æEL/~zu]Zß�ŠÅ§sŠz!*g{g�qÑä6,6gƒ‰óóZzgtāLLZy»Z�xÌzu]Zß�ŠZzguc*y6,ƒZóóZq-Z(!í�ìTÅ@*G›ëÐ7ƒCX°jg~ÆŠÑbzØZ@Ô¿UøDfs÷:
zu]Zß�Šc*!Zz„»Ãt{µMgc*ðìX )1(ZDw',a5,ZŠ¸Zzguc*y»${ð
GOgœ-VÐZyÆM!*zZ].ZŠÆ )2(
f‚z=~Óf™[åXñÑ**gzxzu]Zß�ŠÆ‡bZzgZkÆ6,�l+¸ZzgZDwä )3(Z¹cz%”¯1åX
h‹ægZk~ZDwäzZ”sîg6,uc*yÅ×e$ÅìZzgZk )4(K~ß5ñz�ŠtZ0²!Ô²Z¹Ôµg7ÕäO`Ô�zgŠ~>w
Zzg3!*m,h+”òÐZ~.zZ.Š{HìXƒÐ¬ZyŠÑb»Y,{¢8¢zg~ìX
4444Å‚]ZlxZKebc*',"541¹é HGEG (Pantheism) zu]Zß�Šc*!Zz„
uc*yc*Öwzu]Zß�Š»Ñiòb7ìZzg:tÃt{µ 9 ~Šg`÷X»Ñ]ÅCÙÚ~}.Z»uZe$zÖw™**CÙÚÃ}.ZðÆ%¥ 01 Mgc*ðìX
6,Ã,™ŠêìXto{)ZsòìZzgoÒ©Ãâx™@*ìXZkÐvƒäÆOñÔ (Omnipresent ) Æa‘Õä O)ZDw}.ZÆCÙ(q¢zñ�Š
%ZŠfe÷Xz{}.Zà (Absoluteness) LLâgóóÆZ7g}Ð}.ZÅ!ŒÒ©3ïGGG
955
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
â…÷XZv¬\CÙq»Zq©KƒñìXZ4sV (Immanent) ”èÀ~z{q¢zñ�ŠìXuZe$c*Öw™äÆsV~7XZDw»Iìā
11 ëñZVŧb§‹ZÅ:ö XWÆ−gzZV~aZƒDZzgi0+Ϭ™D÷Xâg2ñCÆZ7gzVÐ0Z½‚]¼MÐÜK‰÷X
tŠúòāZDwzu]Zß�ŠÅ§sŠz!*g{g�qÑä6,6gƒ‰¸ZzgZy»Z�xzu]Zß�ŠZzguc*y6,ƒZåÔkØZ@»¾èì�ñ�Š7÷X°jg~Æ0*kÔîîg6,ÔŠzŠÑb÷XZq-tāZDwñÑ**gzxÃcâ…÷�zu]Zß�Š~¸ZzgŠzxtāZDwäh‹ægZk~zZ”sîg6,uc*yÅ×e$ÅìZzgz�Š~ßBÅZÅ;5é XWG]ÃZCä6,6gƒñ�fZ‹}.Zz0+~Æuc*yƇb÷X
ZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷ÔZq-Gz£ìXZÐU*"$™äÆa°jg~ë÷āñÑ**gzxzu]Zß�Š~¸XtZq-ZzgGz£ìXÎZwtìāH
ZDwägzòÃcz%”Zka¯c*āz{zu]Zß�Š~?ZDwƯÄÄz�ÐZ(Ãðo]7MXZkÆ',@LLZuZ§pŠ~óóÅāЬZDwägzòÆ�&ZÃgŠg`K÷ÔZyЪCÙƒ@*ìāZDwZzggzò~c.çIGL}.ZZKyc*
LLZuZ§pŠ~óóÅā2LL:p!*h+™ŠóóÅā 21 ZKÈ»ï»ÃtŠ§œuìXÐÌzŸs#ƒCìāZDwägzòÃcz%”»ŠgzYVŠc*XgzòGz™Zzg
tNZDwä 31 4z˜ŠÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷Zzgš~~ZuZ§ŒÛMy7™D÷XèÃg{ŠzâVāzV~ÒyHì:
Ãd½U~ŒÛMVâ“ Å
⧌ÛMVŠgxÈBZl Å
÷zàZvš~gzòÃLLZku}ÐZku}J-óó7,"ƈZk41 óó Ë6,ãāš~LL[z¿Zzg4z˜ŠÅZq-.e$„±½ìX
065
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
6,zW-ŠÐ²äLLÑ—ZuZ§pŠ~óó~Zq-LLZDwZzggzòòóóÆÄZyÐèìXZk£x6,Z,Vä|I~лx1ìZzgZDwzgzò~
zu]Zß�ŠÆOñ4z¿Zzg“iþILgÎwåÅZŠZgÃœuCc*ìX²Å
Òy™Š{¬]ЪCÙƒ@*ìāñÑ**gzòäßZzg!Zz„‰)Zsòš~ÆXZÃg6,zu]Zß�Š»áyƒ@*ìz{ 51 Ãc*]ÅØ@²-öEMÅX
Šg|zu]ZÅgAð IXŠÆMsŠZg÷X�ß°z!¨¾æ EO÷ᲿZzg˜Š»‘Ðê M',ŠZgƒZkÆZÃgÅzu]Zß�Š~g8-~™**)oƒìXtic*ŠC¯ÄZDw
Æ‚B̃ðìXU*"$™äzZßVäzu]Zß�ŠÃŒÛMyÐÌLLU*"$óóHì˜V/ƒZg{Ûz‘t»f™ñ�ŠìXZk~—7ā¼Š™xÈDäš~gzòÃZ0²!»éyŒÛZgŠc*ìZzgš~ÆFZÃgÅzu]Zß�Š~
ZyÃuÓ4èE
GEÅMgZÃ8ÃZ0+Zi™**Âì@*ëŠ9tìāH 61 ¨ÅìXZDwzu]Zß�ŠÆK~gzòÅcz~™D÷?6,zW$¹Òjè
EE˜÷ā
ZDwLLZkxß°÷á²ÆF,¿Š*ÆÃbÙc™ŠêìZzgzu]Zß�Š6,zWxV·Ñp˜÷ā 71 ÆÃbÅQhZâV~Zk»‚B7ŠêXóó
ZDwäš~gzòÆZyÓx”VÃÃZ0+Zi™Šc*XÅzu]Zß�Š~eèÃg{”VÅzu]ZÅgAð IXŠ~ÌeìÔ@*ëZë!*]tìā 81 ƒ$˶X
ZDwZ,”VÃÃZ0+Zi™Šï÷Zzgzu]Zß�ŠÆÃbÅZhZâV~gzò»‚B7ŠïXZkÐÌZëNtìā‘Õä O)ZDwñÑ**gzòÃzu]Zß�Š~7â…XZk»îo]ZyÆ*y>ZyLLaçLZuZ§pŠ~óó~ñ�ŠìXpZzŒÂòÆZq-Z²Zx»�Z[ŠïƒñZDw˜÷:
LL|]~äñÑ**°wZ−+gzògõZvmÅš~ÃËZg~~7,JìZzg!*g!*g7,JìXM\ä÷áh+ZÐhÅqª~7,J
ZÑsZ™r# zu]Zß�ŠÃM@*ìXñß~ ìāZk~M\Ã
165
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
åâ~Ð79£4/õ FGJz{ZkÅ‚¾§b™D÷X~Zk!*g}91 ~Z4»!¨Óå GOƒVXóó
5555Z„k°jg~ÅŠzu~Š?h‹ægZkÐ0ìXZy»Šúò
ìāh]~ZDwäzZ”sZ0+Zi~uc*yÅ×e$ÅìZzgZÏ${ðG
Og6,ZÅ;5é XWG]Åqg]Z2ZgÅìXtŠúòè$Z0ìXZDwÃuc*y2Šzu}sV~zu]Zß�Š~ZÏßg]~ŒÛZgŠc*YYìXZ#z{8iïELfs&ÑZ_7g~™DƒV:
ZDwäZvÅZÐZŠe$zâzgZáZzgr©ïEGLð»ZïgHƒX )1(}.ZûÑ]ÆZ0+gYg~z‚g~ây™»Ñ]„~özŠ™Šc*ƒX )2(
ÅzZ”sZzg"5¾æ EGZg×e$zF,)ãŃX (Pantheism) zu]Zß�Š )3(Zy~ÐÃð!*]h]èæZgkÐá™ZgèÈsiJ-ZDwÅ�zÄ~Ã7MCXŠZ[TÅãCŠ6,°jg~äZDwÃzu]Zß�ŠZzguc*y»qòCc*ìZvÅ«ðZzgâzgZáÆZŒÛZgzZ´yÐ{à7ìXZk~ZvÅÚèð»f™ŒÛMyÆjZáÐñ�ŠìX\»M¸iÎgÒZÜmłЃ@*ì�${ð
GO§Â©Åúc*VF,+ãCŠìZzgZ!x„Š]ÆŒÛMã${ð
GOg6,
ƒ@*ìZzgªCÙìāzu]Zß�Š~†»z�Š„7ìZzg!Zz„~†ZzgZzg:}.Zà qŠÅׄ7ìXZDwä}Ì»Ñ]Ã}.Z»Šgz7Šc*
(Pantheism) »Ñ]~özŠHìX¸zzìāh]~Z¤/}LL!Zz„óó„%ZŠàY$ËìX (Panentheism) »@*W,Q½@*ìÂZkÐLL!ZiZz„óó
ZDwzu]Zß�Š»Zm]7™DZzgß5:LL!Zz„óóÃi%æGLWÑD÷XeZËZwgZ£˜÷:
"Iqbal's doctrine of God is panentheistic although as
pointed out above he calls it pantheistic. There is no
265
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
explicit reference to the sufi doctrine of Wahdat-ul-
Wajud (Oneness of Being), although he does mention
`Pantheistic sufism, at least once (Page 180), and
criticises it."20
Š}\ÅZ’Z~ZDwäZvÅZÐZŠe$ÃzZãHìXZvƲ 12 aLLâgóóÆZ7g}Љ|Z]zu]Zß�ŠU*"$™D÷X
ZDwZkÐ}.ZÅ!ŒÒ©3ïGGGZzg�ÛŠe$%ZŠfe÷XMe$Å‚Òy™Æ
ZDw˜÷:The metaphor of Light as applied to God, therefore,
must in veiw of modern knoledge, be taken to suggest
the Absoluteness of God and not his Omnipresence
which easily lends itself to a pantheistic interpretation.
LL®ZZ¤/âg»Z:tZv6,HYñÂ…ZK].h+¥â]ÅgzÝ~t'ecāZk»Z÷ág{fZ‹ZÅ;0î XGWÅ!ŒÒ©3ïG
GG)�ÛŠe$(ŧsìÔCÙ}ñ�ŠÏŧs7ÔTÐ"—øgZf‚
22 !Zz„ÅY+$vƒY@*ìXóótN‡&ÿELÂzìāZDw}.ZÅLLCÙ}ñ�ŠÏóóÆZ‹ZsГ÷
āZkÐuc*yc*!Zz„ÅgZ{ûZgƒCìX@*ëŒÛMÈœ~Zg÷áŠìāZk»f™™ÆZDw 32 LLëZkÅgÀ¤/ŠyÐÌic*Š{ZkÐŒÛd$÷Xóó
˜÷:Like pearls do we live and move and have our being in
the perpetual flow of divine life.24
TZzgŠgc*»Z7g{ÌZKyÅZÐZŠe$Ã',ŒÛZggnpƒñZvÆtX**iuZzgŠ±ìXaZ£eZgÌZk»ZŠgZu 52 ”èÀƒä»Zm]ìX
9îg6,7™nZzgZ´y™Šc*āLL©~èZ<Ø»}.ZâzgZðÌìZzguc*ãuc*+MZzg!Zz„�Z²÷X°jg~»tZŠ¬Šg„ìāLL}.Z 62 ÌXóó
365
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
uc*+Mc* 72 Xóó àz‰ÜâzgZðZzguc*ã7ƒYXtõÑ‹¬~Ðì!Zz„»|xtìā}.Z»Ñ]~Yg~z‚g~ìZzg»Ñ]ÐâzgZZk»Ãðz�Š7ìX�!*]°jg~Å™~7Mðz{tìāâzgZ}.Z”èÀÌ
ÅZ˜bZEw™D÷X°jg~ (Immanent) ZDw”èÀÆa 82 ìXZkÐ%ZŠuc*ã}.Z%ZŠfe÷ZzgŠúò™Šï÷āZDwuc*+M®Z
92 zu]Zß�ŠÆ‡b÷XZ˜jV»ðâ**ZEwè´VÃÀŠêìX°jg~äuc*+MÆ�ßZiâ]Cñ÷)}.Z»)—${ð
GOgÔZÑZEÔ}.ZZzg
(z{ŒÛMy 03 âœ{ŠzâV»Š*ƒ**Ôzu]Zß�Šc*!Zz„ZzgzkÐ"*i~Æo°÷ZzgZDwÆa**‡&ÿELJw÷XZDwÃZysV~uc*ãŒÛZgŠb›ëÐÜôZāZsìX
°jg~»tZœ¬āh‹ægZk~ZDwäLLzZ”sîg6,uc*yÅ×e$ÅìÔœZ‰ÜЬg~ìXZ¤/Z(ƒ@*ÂñßsÃZq-ßF,3»–gZ:
ZDwZ’Z~Z,'Z+Ƈb¸�z�Š~${ðG
OsÐ{m÷X 13 ¢87,@*XZk»',5Z‹ZsHìXZy'Z+ÃF,uHÂZk»ZÖgÌzZ”sîg6,HXZDw˜÷:
LL=ZkZ%»Z‹Zs™ä~ÃðÑx7ā~Zq-²áJ-Z,'Z+z)b»‡bg;�‰ß5Æ‚B{m÷Zzg�ˆ~ŒÛMyÑp6,&åGO',™äЇ)ZsòU*"$ƒñX}�[Z−+Z0²!»X¡åGLMÄZgzZ—PÔXzu]Zß�Šc*
XÝÑ‹3'÷Zè<Øtìā}.Zñ¬\ÂĬÝ~Yg~z‚g~7ÉÂĬݻ{ÛìZzgZkÅg1šMÅzz
23 ÐtÂx‡ììXZ#z{eìÇZk»{؃YñÇXóóXzu]Zß�ŠZzgÝÑ‹3ÃF,u™Šc*āz{‡)ZsòU*"$
465
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ƒñZzgZCè<ØtÒyHā}.ZÂĬݻ{Ûzg„ìXZiZVZDwä°jg~ 33 Ltè<ØF,u7HZzgZvÃÂĬݻ{Ûzg[„â…gìX
˜÷āLLZ+,»${ðG
Og„7HYY�»Ñ]~Yg~z‚g~ƒÔOçZDw»tZœ¬āZ**ñÇ»Ñ]~‚g~ìZ½qZÅ.›éE],+ÆáZŠs
ZDw»ÂtZŠ¬ì„7āZ**ñÇ»Ñ]~Yg~z‚g~ìX 43 ìXóó)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔqí13(ZDw—}.ZƇb÷XËjZáÅ¢zg]7āZDwƯÄÄz�~t|ŠxŠx6,ªCÙìXh]ÐÌZÏ|»ZÖgƒ@*ìXŠ}\ÅZ’Z~ZDw˜÷:
"In order to emphasize the individuality of the
Ultimate Ego the Quran gives Him the proper name of
Allah."
Oç°jg~Zq-¥xzczs|6,Z+ÑwÅãCŠgnpÂZDw6,g Z½qZÅ.›éE],+»Z²ZxÎäÐ$YDX}.ZZq-,ìÔZq-�ìZz
”èÀ�ìXZuZ§pŠ~ÆÜsNuóÆŠzgZyZDwäz�Š~${ð
GOsÆ
X}òŶK0+„ÅZzgXÅ#¿ÅÔZy~Ô�c*pŠÃˆ${ðG
Og™**ÔgG+MZzg"i÷áï÷ÔZDwäZyÆÜsÔZKi0+ÏÆMy~wVJ-Ô
Z#z{zu‹z�ŠZzgÔ�ƇbÂZyÆeg 53 ÚZzgW,˜ŠHX',ÎVƯx~Ð�Ó)Šc2091Y(Ðá™LLÎZògZx¾Bóó)†g~7091Y(J-»¯xìÔ°jg~äz�Š~${ð
GOsÆMsŠZgMZÃgÜK
ZyZÃgÐz�Š~${ðG
Os»zZ”sZÖgƒ@*ìXQHzzìā 63 ÷Xh‹ægZkÅ"Ðá™ZDwÅzÃ]J-ÔŠk',ÎVƯxÐÔ°jg~ÃMÄ:ïnXZ,Vä�ZÃgÜK÷z{Ìzu‹z�ŠÅF,)ã7™DXZy»Y,{ÔZµÐÔMÐ1ŠHìX
565
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
6666Z„k°jg~ÅŠzu~Š?»mZyß5Ð0ì�–w°jg~
z�Š~Zzguc*yƇb¸X°jg~»ZŠ¬ìāZDwäZ#ZÅ;5é XWG‹ZsðÅ$h½5ÿGI
GL].h+ÆaQVc*Âz{ß5ñz�ŠtÅZÅ;5é XWG]ÃZCä6,6gƒ‰XZyÆuc*yÅF,)ã].h+¡Òiªî EE
0Zg»ÅgzÝ~ÅZzgZ#èEEL²!Ô²Z¹Ôµg7ÕäO`Ô�Þ[Z−+zgŠ~>wZzg�!*m,h+”ò‰x‹ßBz�ŠtКØZ~.zZ.Š{™äÑX
°jg~ÅZkŠ?»Y,{heЬZkK~ÔeZ˱†ZvÅgZñŠg`ÅYCì:
LLšµzu]Zß�ŠÆZ~‘Õä O)ZDw»Zî`”h+ìptZq-„~XìZzgZkÆ�ZiÃâ+Æ!*z�ŠËÇß°ä}.ZÔgÎwåZzgŒÛMyzG»Zïg7HXZzgs79Ÿ/õ FGÂtZq-
Š **iuZzgŠ±XìTÅ„~x)]Z+÷āp‘Õä O)ZDwÌLLh]óó~ZkÆË:Ëgcü¼â…Ã
73 MD÷XóótgZñáZiyZzg‡&ÿELÂzìXLLËÇß°ä}.ZÔgÎwåZzgŒÛMyzG
»Zïg7HXóóZ(ÃðÇß°uc*+M»‡b7ƒYX°jg~zu‹z�Š~�ÛtÅp:gppÆ!*)!*g (Pantheism) Zzguc*+Mc*!Zz„ (Monism)
!*g7Òû ELƒ»Zg‚[™D÷X}ZDw»Šg`™Š{!*m,h+”ò»¸wZ,Vtw»Ñ]Æz�ŠÅÔ™ 83 äÜHìāLLZ[ÌÜs}.Z„»z�ŠìXóó
g;ì®Zuc*+M»ÎZw„aZ7ƒ@*XeZˆZväZk§sÌÂzŠÑðìāzu‹z�ŠZq-**iuZzgŠ±XìZzgZk~„~zx)]Z+÷
zu‹z�Š āZDwÌh]~ZkÆË:Ë¥cü¼â…ÃMD÷X
665
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÆLLË:Ë¥cü¼â+óóÐZDwzu]Zß�Š~7ƒYDSî²z{ŠxŠx6,ŒÛMÈœÐZPŠ™D÷ZzgZvÅZÐZŠe$»Z´y™D÷XZkÆ‚Bz{ZKãZÐZŠe$6,ÌizgŠï÷ÔTÐzu‹z�ŠZzguc*+MÅzZãÔƒCìX
Z#èEEL²!Ô²Z¹Ôµg7ÕäO`Ô�zgŠ~>wZzg�!*m,h+”ò~ÐÜsZ#èEEL²!Zzg!*m,h+”ò»h]~Ü™Š{Zq-Zq-wzu‹z�Š
ìXZkK~eZËZwgZ£˜÷: (relevant) Ð0It is of interest to note that at least too of Iqbal's sufi
quotations amount to a statement of wahdat-ul-wajud,
athough probably he himself seems unaware of this:
1. Ba Yazid al-Bistamis's reply quoted above.
2. Ibnal-Arabi: God is a percept; the world is a
concept. 39
gZ¶»$©�î EG0ÃtìāPz�Š~ZZwÅ@*GÐZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~
ŒÛZgŠbŠg„7Sî²t!*]D:ƒāZDwÅg~îg6,zu]Zß�ŠÅ@*G™gì÷XãCŠ~îg6,Zyœ;£â]ÃÃZ0+Zi™ä»Ãð�Zi7˜VZDwzZãîg6,zu]Zß�ŠZzg!Zz„ÃgŠ™Dƒñ}.ZÔZKyZzg»Ñ]»f™ZµZµz�ŠÅwЙD÷Xt£â]ZDwƯÄÄz�~ŠxŠx6,ŠAYMh÷X
°jg~ätÂÉŠc*āµg7ÕäO`ÔZ0²!ZzgŠzu}ßBz�ŠtÆ0ZDwÅgZñ~úc*Vp~aZƒZzgZk§bñßsäZDwÆ
zu]Zß�Š~ƒä»@*W,Q¸gZì²|tìā7ÕäO`ÃZ#J-ZDwäzu]Zß�Š~ìwHÔZkÅ#¿ÅZzg–āLLZkiâäÆ›yµgÅ
p7ÕäO`Æ!*g}~ZDwÅgZñZk 04 wZŠ„~!*ÇhO+$¸XóózzÐps7ƒðāZDwzu]Zß�Š~ƒ‰¸Ép~gZñÅzzt¶
765
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
āZDwZ[7ÕäO`ÆÈÒZ**/Ãzu]Zß�ŠÆOñpŠ~»MsŠZgKѸXZkK~´Z½kÐÔ�°jg~äÜHìÔ�|zZãƒCìz{tìāh]˜z‰ÜÌZDwzu]Zß�ŠÆ#³¸Zzg}.ZÅâzgZá2ZKãpŠ~)ZÐZŠe$(Æ‘Ðê M',ŠZg¸XèÃg{Z½k8iïELfsì:
LLZ[Z¤/ÜsèI$©�î EG0ÃЊ¬YñÂZyzZgŠZ]»›zú
7ÕäO`ÆÈÒZ**/~ZLcZ•¾wÃVŠHZzgÍ7ÕäO`ÆçÜ+dBZ$43›4è
GOEGEäZkÅzu]Zß�ŠÆg8-~Åp�g�ÛZúàtñ±$4fõ GâVä7ÕäO`Å’k,zVÆ�
ZbZqw„~÷áùK÷ZyиªCÙƒ@*ìāZkLß°äZ**/¹ÂZkÐt7'ecāZÐfZ‹ZÅ;0î XWGÆzgZYZßgZYƒäÐZïgåX®Z…ZkÅZk§b)7(
™ãec‰¢{Šgc*~zZ݃ŠHXqÑètZkZ%»ZŠgZuÔÉZZÑ´yZÖgåāpŠ~Zq-|ì�Z¤/Zq-
rZzg¢F,,~aZ™àYñÂm]zZPxqÝ™14 $ËìXóó
°jg~−¸ZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~U*"$™äpZkZ½k~ZDwzZãîg6,zu]Zß�ŠZzgÖwzuc*yÅÔ™gì÷X°jg~ZLGzçV6,Rh}gT÷pZ{›ëó´îg6,ÔZyÅÔ™DƒVX
ßBz�ŠtÆjZáаjg~äZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~ŒÛZgŠ¶Å×e$ìX°7g~ óó ƒ†{ó LL Æa�Š?,Ð7Åìz{ZDwÅ
˜÷āLLMyâ"$ŒVJ-VˆāZ,VäYzh+**)~7ÕäO`»LLƒƒóóZzgÆ**xÐ7HXtßÈ»Ãtì óó ó†{ LL Z#èEEL²!Æ|Z{ë»${ð
GOg
ÈóóY,} ZzgZkÆZkLLÆ 24 T»@*g]Y,{ÆÈU*"$ƒÇXóó
865
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ðjg~ä‚],]~;™7HìXMy~–ìāLLZy›ëzØZ@ÐZkZ%»o]Å(ìāZDwÆ„zûM¸iÌzu]Zß�ŠZzguc*yЃZåZzgZ�xÌzu]Zß�ŠZzguc*y6,ƒZXóó
Z„k°jg~ÆLL›ëzØZ@óó¦/ZzgZt~i%æGLcM`÷XóóG¹ ó ˜VJ-ZkMy~Šú}»mìZDwä7ÕäO`Åi!*yÐLLƒ†{
ìpZkÐzu]Zß�Šc*uc*yU*"$7ƒ@*XX™xyÅÃÔ¨ù¦Ô¯ÄZDw6,ìZzg�ZDwÆZ|ƒÒyÐMÇ{÷z{°jg~Å@*G7™MhXZDw»Ñ]Æz�ŠÃt™D÷ZzgZ(Zq-%û7DÙZg%ûHì@*ëZ#ZDwZKãÑÃQY¤/™D÷Â}ZÐLL¬ÅêLM[z{uz!*ŠóóÆ£«~LLuÈVóóZzgLLpŠôóóŒÛZgŠï÷Zzg}ZkÆ£«~LLz�›Šz˜VóóÐZïg™Šï÷:
¬ÅêLM[z{uz!*Š!açLÈVìÂā~? Å
34 ±ýL{uz"y!~±ýL{uzpŠô! Å
44 āÂ�zz�›Šz˜Vq}– Å
ZDwäZkZ0+Z¯ÒyÐ(,Z»x1ìXLLŠ�yóóÐÔT»¹Z¡wHŠHÔæ[™Dƒñë÷:ŠZ:ÂÔkÌÂÔ!*gZVÌÂÔqÝÌ
ZkÐÃðzu]Zß�ŠïÜeìÂZkÅ=»â?„HYYìXŒV 54 ÂX!*]Š�yÆjZáÐìXZDwZ#�LLZKyóóÃ%°æEL„¯D÷Âë
ÉŒVJ-ë÷ā: 64 ÷ā:˜Vì¾}aÂ7˜VÆaXh!*]Ãp~Ö™7g‚r
74 ÂìÔN¼ÌÃM@*ì7ì!fgZMÐ(,³ÂZq-Zzg|‚tMCìXz{tāZKâV~ƒ
ÐxZzg4+�·AZvmzÅÅìXZDwZ#Z¹%°æEL„zïD
965
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
÷Â$hÿE
LZKã»Zïg™äÆOñZ¹c*ÂLLM›»Ñ]»pŠk,c*[óóë÷~ Zzgc*Zv¬\ÐŒÛd$F,Š3D÷XL‹ð»6.3ð XEZƒ™ÔZ¹:LLóÓGz™
»È{— óó ó ë÷ÔZzgL7ÕäO`Åi!*yÐLL$ƒ†{ 84 z„ZÍwz„MyóóZyZZw~Ð_.[z™»KïwŠ,ZzgZDwƺm 94 ÷X ™D
F,+ Z|ƒÒyÃ&4øFGILÃgOÂZDw»t!í�zZãƒ@*ìāZvÐŒÛd$
�—gåÅì8-öGŠā—gå„ÃtÑsqÝìā}.ZÆgz',zÌZKZÐZŠ~
�Ã',ŒÛZggpp~»x[gì÷Xh]~ÔŒÛMyÅÂ}Æ‚BÔZDwåÅÑzgf Zkл[g‚ª$ó[ 05 ätNzZãîg6,ÒyHìX
ZzgZÐZŠe$»Zm]ƒ@*ìX¼ZzgMÐ(,³ÂZvÅ�Ã%°æEL„¯DƒñZDwÑñ�ŠZÆäOZvì
Ф/m,7™DXt_.[Mö~Æ‚BZvÅ�»ZŒÛZgzZ´yìXZKyZzg˜yÅÔCÙ¦/7ìX�™xÈDZkÐzu‹z�ŠZ~.™D÷z{Jt6,÷XZ¤/twÜsš~LL)�ÛóóZzgLLZgèÈsióó„~ƒ@*ÂZÐzu]Zß�ŠŒÛZg
ZëF,Nt 15 Š¶»¼�Ziƒ@*X@*ëŠzâV(t]LLpŠ~óóÆK~Mc*ìXZk 25 ìāÆäM!ð MQ8ðENQšSÆä‡4ð XNQóóZuZgzgñióó~ÌìZzgLL¡z$lç
EIL©óóÆK~ìX
ŠzgÆ!*g}~6,zW-ŠÐ²Zzg±Z„k°jg~Ìâ…÷āZDwzu]Zß�ŠÆ#³¸X
µg7ÕäO`ÆjZáЊz$¹é EL]zZã÷XZq-tā‘Õä O)ZDwZ#J-7ÕäO`Ãzu]Zß�Š~ìw™DgìZkÅ#¿ÅZzgZ#ZkÆw
Â7ÕäO`Å#¿F,u™ÆZÐ 35 LLZ**/óó»|xt1āLLZKãZ**hìXóóZÌŠ~XZkZÌ»Z0+Zi{LLYzh+**)óóЃ@*ì˜VZDwä7ÕäO`Åi!*ã
óó ó óó»£x³HìXZkK~ZDw»7ÕäO`ÐÀòZ·tì@*ëLL4ð XN†{ ó LL†{óó~_.[Mö~ZzgÄ~I¾ÌìXZzgZ¤/Zk ó ÐZ·t7ìXLL4ð XN†{
075
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ßÃZDwÆ7g}¯ÄÄz�ÆÚø~Š¬YñÂqÝtìāZDwÆóóŪ»ƒg‚ª$ó[åÅìX ó 4,Šq-ZvÐŒÛd$F,+�LL†{
7777#5z2u4è
EGELZDwä–�¼ā–pZDwÙÏÅà]gpp
zZáZzgZDwÆZgZŠ]q‰|Z]äÌ7Òû ELƒaZ™ä~ÃðŸ7gh~XZy~úc*V**x6,zW-ŠÐ²»ìXT§bZ#èEEL²!äŒÛMÈœÅ@*zszu]Zß�ŠÆg8-~ÅÔCÙPā({�ÐÅÔZϧb({�Ð-ŠÐ²ä¯ÄZDwÃzu]Zß�ŠÆg8-~e1Šc*XZkŠï~)0ZzgîsIt#~7,DgìZzgZk§bZKÑjVÅZÊe$êzb™
ó󻸃Z]MñÇÂz{Wî·åÆ}.Z ó Š~XZ,÷ágbÆ;BZ#LL$ƒ†{ƒä»Z´yYV7™}ÇZzg‘Õä O)ZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~ŒÛZgYV7Š}ÇÔOçLLÑ—Yzh+**)óó~–ì:
LL¸£xZkÂ[ÅgzbìZzgZÏ(ZDwäZCÝc*ZC,)zu]Zß�Š(ZkÄ~ÒyHì:ÑZ!"3üGGELŠzŠxZz†{ó&
45 óXóó ÃlF,pZ„$ƒ†{MЙËñÑ**MÏÆZÖp~˜÷āLLz„}.Z�„²lì
à 6,zWñßs 55 ªZkz‰ÜÌz;V~ìÔz„}.Z$i¹ÿ EIL@ā{¤/ìXóó(ÅŠz Oneness of existence ß.ÑhƒðìXzu]Zß�Š)z�ŠÅZ»ðc*
ßg'÷X}.Z»z�Šì²ZkÆÎZ¼ñ�Š7ìX»Ñ]CÙP}āì7ìXc*¬ÝÓx7ÒªîG0ŠZÄìwìXZKyÅ�zëÐic*Š{w7gBbXŠzu~ßg]tìā»Ñ]~}.Zā{¤/ìZzg»Ñ]„}.ZìZzg»Ñ]ÐâzgZ}.Z»Zµz�Š7ìXZ[Z¤/·åZzg}.Z»z�ŠZq-âyÌ1YñÂZ#J-Z16Ô�ÛúyÔZ+Ô³Z**]øwµ3ðGOVZzgígzVÆZzgi}
175
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
É7g~»Ñ]Ã}.Z7â3ÐÔzu]Zß�ŠÅßg]7¶ÏX8888
oZºM!*Š~äLLzu]Zß�ŠÅ@*GóóÆi%æGLÄZyLL\xætóóÅ8iïELfsg!*¦ÜÅì:
āZzcZ„Âi%æGLÕ! ™Z�ð?lZŠg@z@*!?65 ˆ¶pŠ0ÔbZz*! ˆ¶Zz0ÔbpŠ:|
-ŠÐ²ä‘Õä O)ZDwÆŠz!*g{zu]Zß�Š~ƒY今zgXZk»ÈÒy™D 75 2291Yc*3291YÐÔZkg!*¦Å¯6,ÑzqHì
ƒñ–ìāLLZkg!*¦~ZDwä!Zz„Åz{7ÅìTÆ6,zWoŒZºä–ìāZ#èEEL²!Æ4,Šq- 85 ‘Ðê M',ŠZg�Zºò÷Xóó
LLZKyZLM\Ãl™}ÂZLM\Ã0*©8ìZzg}.ZÃ0*ñÂZLM\ÄZDwTÐ�Nfe÷z{ZyÆ„~Z|[zÂxÆ_. 95 0*@*ìXóó
ƒ@*ìXtÌìāZ#èEEL²!ÅCÙ!*]zu]Zß�Š7ƒCXo»Zkg!*¦Ãzu]Zß�ŠÅ@*G~7™**Zzg²»ZÐ!Zz„ÅŒÛZgŠb{mîg6,
~Z# (Oneness/Unity)&CÿLÃìXÎZwtìā}.ZZzgZKyÅZkzu]J-Q}ch}Ô0*pZzg1YâgZzgÃ{zŠ“zõZZzgÂxFZzgKNƒ÷áï:ƒVzu]Zß�Šc*!Zz„ùeì?Zkg!*¦»z{|xYV:1Yñ�ZDwÆ!*¹¯ÄÄz�Ð_“g‚rƒXZDw6,™zZßVÃtãCŠ~!*]Â¥x„ƒãecā${ð
GO§pŠ~Z°§ZDw»"gìZzg�™xyZk
"gÐ?Ø™¯ÄZDwÅ=ô™D÷z{ß™D÷XZKãgzbZ'çLg!ìXÐZkÅ@*"5å JGL'×h+ƒCìXZÏaZDwä¹ì: æøÞøËøíûköÊônûäôÚôàû…%æûuôoû
06 {Åzâg~.ŠÈÒñÑÌ] Å
eZË·g<Z−+äpŠ~ÆÚø~Zkg!*¦ÃŠ¬ìXz{˜
275
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
÷āLLpŠ~»Ñtåāz{}.Z)ª}.ZÅ›ZzgŠz4(ÃqÝ™}Zzgc*}.ZðÅ[™}ÂtÌ!*ÇŠg„ìXp}.ZÅZk[ÐZÐ�¼q݃Zåz{ZkÅZK„åpŠ~¶XÍc*pŠ~Z¤/}.ZÅ[™}ÂZLM\Ã0*C
16 ìZzgZ¤/ZLM\Å[™}Â}.ZÃ0*CìXóóeZËñßsäLL}.ZÃ0***ZLM\Ã0***ìóóÆi%æGLÄZy¯ÄZDw
ÆjZáÐ�¼–ìZkÐZkg!*¦ÅpŠ~Ð_“zZãƒYCìXeZË·g<Z−+˜÷:
LLZDwÆ;V}.ZÃl™**c*ZKpŠ~Ãl™**'}.ZÅ%Šƒ**c*ZKyÅ%Šƒ**Ô}.Z»ZKyÃ"s[™**c*ZKy»}.ZÃ"s[™**Ô}.ZÃÃlŠ9c*pŠ~ÃÃlŠ9'}.ZÐpŠ~ÃÔ™**c*pŠ~Ð}.ZÃÔ™**'}.ZŧsÇ'×yƒ**c*ZK§sÇ'×yƒ**Ô}.ZÐk3ƒ**c*ZLM\Ðk3ƒ**ÔZq-„|ÃÒy™äÆZcZñZzgZq-„¿ÅZ
Z]÷:%Š¾~%ŠZkÅ%ŠZkÅ%Š¾~}.ZÃÂ"s[™Š}}.ZN"s[™Š}
Z¤/pZ„}.ZgZÃl|pŠ~gZÃlF,Šh+yÒñi
Zi!¾)g{�tB3ïEGLMÙÔëi}.ZpŠ~ÔëipŠ~}.ZÔ
Ñ]z³ZñƒkgZuŒ! œZihØÎñpŠÇ'×y26 F,ZZz‰zZzgZÂ|óó OV!*fZ‹hï]¦/´
}.ZÃÂ"s[™Š}}.ZN"s[™Š}XpŠ~gZÃlF,Šh+y
375
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
ÒñiXëi}.ZpŠ~ÔëipŠ~}.ZÔXœZihØÎñpŠÇ'×y''tÓx´zu‹z�ŠÅÔZzgpŠ~»Zm]™gì F,ZZz‰zZzgZÂ|
÷XpŠ~»Z®g}.Z6,ìXZDwÄèMÙÔ™äZzghÐpŠ~Ãœ™ä»�xŠï÷X
oZzg²ÆZŠ¬Ã‰™xÈDä%gKc*Zq-uJ-ë!hÓÀöÆ!*)ŠCÙZŠc*ìX}eZËd�ÛZ¹˜÷āLLZuZ§pŠ~ÅðÆ
ZK�~’k,zV~Z,Väzu]Zß�ŠÅ{à#¿ÅìXtZµ!*]ìāÄ~ZyÆŒV!*&ëEYLŠgZÐá™Òjè
IELgZi].h+Ô¢ƒæZzgZgèysiJ-ZcZ-V~zu]Zß�Š~p}„Ã(,}_."Ð7HŠHìZzg:™Z�ðlZŠg@z@*!&āZzaZ„Âi%æGLÕ!'ˆ¶Zz0bzpŠ:|&ˆ¶pŠ0bZz*!XZzg:i}zM�yzegΖ&Šg,¬ÝSZvƒ–!
36 ‰ZÃgpŠZyÆLz�Š~ß°óƒäŤ&™D÷XóóZDwÃLLz�Š~ß°óóŒÛZgŠbßìX!*&ëEYLŠgZ~7091YÆ»¯x
46 zu]Zß�Š~p}Ð{àìXZk!*]Ã-ŠÐ²äÌtHìX²Æ4,Šq-T§b�úŠäLLÒjè
IELgZióó~LL�ZºòÆ¡Òiªî EE0zu]Zß�Š
Å=ôÅìóó'Zϧb‘Õä O)ZDwäÌLL�Z!*]zu]Zß�ŠÅgzÝ~‘÷XZkÐU*"$ƒZāZDwÌ�úŠÅ§bZÏÝ6,¬ï÷ZzgZÏ
Zk!í�Êg„t™**ÂìXeZ˱†Zv˜÷: 56 ÃhB÷XóóLLŒV=Zkìw»Z¬Š{™**7,@*ìā‘Õä O)ZDwzu]Zß�ŠÆA#|V~÷pZyÆZÃgzZ°g~zu]Zß�Š‰Zq-${ð
GOg»!*g!*gáy¦/g@*ìZzgÎZz‡]z{Zk${ð
GOgÆ
!*ÇŒÛd$ÃMD÷Xp�¿ZkË6,ãz{Zk|ÃÌ$åLOÃgÇā‘ÕäO)ZDwÆŒVZ¤/${ð
GO§zu]Zß�ŠÅÃð
475
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
¡ìÂz{ÑÐZzgÑ)Æ${ðG
Og6,‡ììÔ®ZZk${ðG
OgÃZ#èEEL
²!Zzg]4n.ç IEG~ÆìÑ]ÐZ„'ecXóó¯Òjè
IELgZ¯].h+óó~‘Õä O)ä]4n.ç IEG~ÅF,Šh+~�${ðG
OgZ]7K÷ZyÅ66 âμZk§bÅìTÐ÷~èÃg{!*ÑgZñÅ@*GƒCìX
ZDwäúŠ]4n.ç IEG~ÅF,Šh+~${ðG
OgZ]7K÷Zzgz{ÑÐÆ${ðG
Og7™DX (identical) ‡b÷XZDw»Ñ]ÃZ#èEEL²!ŧb}.Z»ÐƒCìXZ%ZDw»Ñ]Ã}.Z») (different) �qÐ7ƒCz{Z
Zzg:»Ñ]Æz�ŠÐZïg™D÷Xt 76 Ì${ðG
Og7™DX (opposite)
ËÌn»zu]Zß�Š7ìXúg]c*úg]ƒCìc*7ƒCXZDw:»Ñ]Ã}.Z»Ðâ…÷Zzg:»Ñ]Æz�ŠÐZïg™D÷Ô®Zz{šµzu]Zß�Š~7÷X}.Z»Ñ]Æ‚BZkaìāz{”èÀìXZKyÆz{.e$ŒÛd$ìZkaā7g~»Ñ]~ZvÅÌ]»@ƒÐic*Š{
ZKy„6,7,ZìXeZËd�ÛZ¹ä¢ƒæÆzu]Zß�Š~ZÃgÜ7KZ%t
ŠzÄoZºM!*Š~ä7K÷:tâwzŠzÅïGLŠ*tgzk0+CÈzëzáVÆäMSÈî WMSÆäOZv!yŠƒðìiâyzkVÅi**g~
86 :ìiâV:kV!ÆäMS[SÆäOZv!ŠzâVÄ©ÆF,)y÷XgŠpZk»Z´y™g„ìX¬ÄÆK~ÝxgÎw$˜÷:LLÈtāâwÔgºÔŠzø7VÔ³m,ŠZgc*VgZÓh
¯Å 96 ~¾}aiî0*:l�eÂXzëzáyÆZyGVÃÂheZwXóó!*]tìā6,zW-ŠÐ²äÌZkÄÅÑbzu]Zß�Š~g8-~
575
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
Z%Šzu}ÄÆeZ&+}zu]Zß�ŠÐ5ñ÷X˜÷ā 07 7ÅXLLÜsZv„ñ�ŠìXZzgtŠ*ZzgZkÆbCÙªiâyzkyÔƒƒÐö
EOz�Šgnp÷XtƒZkÆ–g}Ðñ�Š÷ÔZïz�ŠÇc*{:iZŠ7ìXóózŸ8ïGL'×h+Æîg6,!*wƒsÅ8iïELfsg!*¦Šg`Åì:
kVHÚìZ0+Z¯ÒVì z„ZuÿLkyzÑkVì17 M¤/ℾŠgc*¹Vì åYðCñHCñ
²˜÷āLLZkg!*¦~ZDwäzu]Zß�Š»Ãt7H27 ìX!*,pāŠg|fZ‹!*g~ÆÎZZzgËÚ»xz�Š7ìXóó
LÑ—ZuZ§pŠ~ó~ÌÔfZCgDyÆŠ!*î~M™Ô-ŠÐ²ätg!*¦XZkÆ´z{ZgèÈsi»z{ÄŠg`H 37 zu]Zß�ŠÆo]~7Åì
ì&eZËd�ÛZ¹äÌ‘Õä O)ZDwÆLz�Š~ß°óƒäÆŠ?IZc*ìXÄtì:
i}zM�yzegΖ47 Šg,¬ÝSZvƒ–
¬gèc*ƒÐöEOnÆZÖpÐsÃÎZwtìāZKyZzg»Ñ]»z�Š
ìc*7?ŠzuZÎZwtìā‘Õä O)ZDwZKyZzgiâyzky»z�Šâ…÷c*7â…ZzgZ¤/â…÷ÂZyúV»|xHì:
:ìiâV:kV!ÆäMSÈî WMSÆäOZv Å
:kVHÚìZ0+Z¯ÒVì Å
i}zM�yzegΖ Å
z�ŠZKy»ÌìZzgi}zM�y»ÌìXŒÛMÈœ~ZKyZzgi}zM�yÅð»!*g!*gf™Mc*ìXŒÛMyäZvÃ{ÛZzgZKyÔi}ZzgM�âVÑtÅwÐ7HìXz�Š{Û»ÌìZzg‘t»ÌXZDw
675
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Ì{ÛZzg‘tŠzâV»z�Št™D÷XZDwÆCÙù”î0¯x~ZzgCÙ�~"~}.ZÔZKyZzg»Ñ]»f™ÂQF,ЃZìXZkÐM@È7™ãe÷X}!*ÁƒsÅZq-g!*¦ì:
¼VHâZZk"y»! ¸MŠxìÎVdz',»?57 ¸˜»gì¾}{»? :pŠÁä}.ZÁä˜VÁ
g!*¦~˜yÔZKyZzg}.ZƒÆz�Š»Zm]ìXŒVMŠxÃ"yÈ™%»Îc*ìXÑtìāz{pŠÎzpŠÙk¶Zzg˜V|z}.ZÙÏÆ£â]6,Ã,ƒXZDw9ÐÌ»xfe÷ZzgZKyÃËZg™äÆa
ZИy½~Ÿiz',F,ƒä»ZˆkÌŠÑD÷XÂzZzggÆaPZÃgÜKYD÷:
¬ÅêLM[z{uz!*Š!açOÈVìÂā~?z{�ÃÐì.VZk»˜VìÂā~?±ýL{uz"y!$4è MG±ýL{uzpŠô!
67 ±iïIGLz�ŠÆaMƒgzZVìÂā~?ÂätH…H!íÃÌÃl™Šc*
77 ~„ÂZq-gZiå¹»Ñ]~!ZÏgziz‘~ZÏ™:g{Y
87 ā¾}iâyzkVZzgÌ÷ì¤/&ö 0MŠxÐu%î0¬Ý¤/x
97 Îg`ÌÓ÷áð@*g}ÌÓ÷áð!
t±45å YEELZ#uÔt{ñlcN ÷¾}$¸ç GOs~t!*Šwt]N‰&4øFG
ILÃÀÂ�Û¤VÅZŠZN tÃ{ÔtõZÔt«gÔtƒZN
08 MsZ&éGOx~M`ZKZŠZŠN!775
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
ZyZÃgÐzZãìāZDw!*ŠßVÔ]îVÔ±45å YEELZ#uÔcîVÔÃ{zõZÔ«gZzgƒZîVÔÎg`Ô@*gzVÔiâyzkyÔ»Ñ]ÔZ&éGOxZzg�ÃÐ.VìƒÆz�ŠÃây™!*]™D÷XZ[ZkÎZwÃfe÷ā®!!*Ñ&úV»|xHì?HZy~ZDwäiâyÔkyÔi}ZzgM�yÅÔ7™
Š~?ZkÎZwÆ9�Z[ÆaZ‚Å3ïGELZDw~ÐZq-Z|[»+B©þGG
¢zg~ìXZkK~8iïELfsZÃg‡&ÿEL¨g÷:
ŠZ$øEI
LfÒVÔ¡ÒiªîEE
0æªV!R:zŠgî½CVq}–
ZipŠZ0+÷zZi,!*ŠtF,‚V$»å YEg18 āÂ�zz�›Šz˜Vq}–
$™-.çG
GLpŠ~~ì}.Zð! "fz¾%Ši0+Ïñ]28 !*¹ì%Š1ð! ZuÂìāhìÔZk˜V~!
$©�î EG06,»§h%›}.Z»>
38 Zzgt¬ÝÓxzëzXzWiZ3ÿXLæt»,ZzgZ3ÿXLf[ÅŠZø}.Z0YNÂZDwŠzâVÈë÷XŠ*ÆuñVZzgKVÐpsiŠ{ZKyÐë÷āi0+Ϧ/ZgDƒñ<ÍZäÅ¢zg]7X�Üs¾~첊zâV˜âV»z�ŠÃðq7XZzgZ¤/ZKy_.!îE0aZðZzg‹«ðÐ"¾{ìÂZk»z�ŠÔ°xZzg
ZkÅi0+Ïñ]ìX%›}.ZÐë÷āZk˜y~hÜsÂì!*¹ƒXìX'×h+ë÷ā%›}.ZƢƣ«~ÔZEg~ÂVÉÔÓx¬ÝzëÔXZzgWiìX¦/ZzgZt~Zq-Äi%æGLcMc*ìT~ZDwZKyÐë÷ā:ÂìN�¼ÃM@*ì7X
»Ñ]ÃzëIc*ZkÆz�ŠÐtZïgÇ7ìÔ¡Zq-Z|ƒ
875
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÒyìXZz6,ëŠN`÷ā‘Õä O)ZDw»Ñ]Æz�Š»Zm]™D÷XZïg»Z|[ZKyZzgZkÐ(,|™%›}.ZÅÑÃZY¤/™äÆìX¸ZKyZ#}.ZÆz�ŠÐZïg™@*ìÂZDwZkÆz�ŠÐZïg™Šï÷:
F,~ó{~U*"$7}.Z»z�Š48 %~ó{~U*"$7z�ŠF,Z!
Š?tìā�8çXLpŠ~Å%Š"}.Zg{™e7XLLõzg{âÎ}.ZZzgZKyóóÜVÆ!*z�Š}.ZÆ£«~ZKyÅH|ìÔZk»Z0+Zi{8iïELfsZÃgÐl!HYYì:
÷~ÎoHì?A$z@*ƒq-Ñ58 >Ð"ûìZúÑZg»
ë"5å EEL‘zgzi~«}ƒñÈ}68 Â{ÅþLZ¡gzóg0+ÒM**]
LLÂìN�¼ÃM@*ì7ìXóóZKyÐæ[™Dƒñ¹ìXLLZzgt¬ÝÓxzëzXzWióó%›}.ZƢƣ«6,¹ìZzgpŠ}.ZÆ£«6,tĹì:
Šg,¬ÝSZvƒ– i}zM�yzegΖtÄ{µÂ©»MsŠZgìXi}zM�y»ZïgZ(„ì‰ZKã
z�ŠzÑÆ&4øFGILÃgzZg3ŠHtqì:LLÂìN¼ÃM@*ì7ìXóó
ZDwÃLLz�Š~ß°óóŒÛZgŠ¶ÆazZ�ÛØZ@e²ZDwƯÄÄz�~Z,PØZ@Ìñ�Š7÷X@*zsÐÂŒÛMyÃÌ0*i0+¯c*YYìX
oZºM!*Š~äLL8‹0î EE0Z[M!*ŠóóÆZk¿ÃÌzu]Zß�ŠÅ@*G~7H
ì:LLè<ØèZsxÅgzÐ}.ZZzg»Ñ]ÔGZzggc*„ZzggzbZzgâœ{Zq-„ÀÆZZbZ÷Xóóqƒ„ŠZvÃgz¹äÌoÅcz~~ZL*y
975
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
qÑè8‹0î EE0Z[M!*Š 78 >ZyLL‘Õä O)ZDwZzgzu]Zß�ŠóóÅ@*yZÏ¿6,Âh~ìX
»zu]Zß�ŠÐÃðm7ìZzgZ¤/zu]Zß�ŠÆÚø~\»_·HT£xÐt]1ŠHìz;VÌ 88 YñÂZkÃbÅÔƒYCìX
zu‹z�Š»7Ézu‹ZKã»f™ìXz{ÌZsò½Æîg6,:ā',açLi}Zq-i|ÅwÐXZDw˜÷:
LLZsxÆ4,Šq-fZ‹ZKãOñpŠZq-zu]ìXz{âœ}ZzggzbÅË**‡&ÿELZ�Š"3ðIEe$»‡b7Xè<ØZsxÅgz
Ð}.ZZzg»Ñ]ÔGZzggc*„ZzggzbZzgâœ{Zq-„ÀÆZZbZ÷XZKyË**0*uŠ*»!*°{7TÃZÐZq-
gzqãŠ*Å{§�ËŠzu~(zZµìF,u™ŠbecXZsxÆ4,Šq-âœ{gzbÅZk»**xìT»ZÖg¢5å G
GLiâãz98 kã~ƒ@*ìXóó
ÎZwtìāH}.Z»ZÖgÌ¢5å GGLiâãzkã~ƒ@*ì?}.Z»Ñ]Ã
eáƒñìZzgZk»Zq©KƒñìXiâyzkyÃ}.ZðwŠ~YñÂZDwZkÅÔ™D÷::ìiâV:kVÆäMS[SÆäOZvXèÃg{¿~
ZDwTbÅzŸs#™gì÷z{tìā 09 F,3Å"Zôï÷áïìXZsx~Š+zŠ*)c*Š+z(„(ZµZµ7÷ÉZsxZy»ZâZ`7
™@*ìXZsxgzq+MÃâŠ~Š*Ð�hŠêìX‘Õä O)ZDwÆXZÃgc*�~ÓVÐzu‹z�ŠU*"$™äÅ
ÃÒňìóZy6,ÔZyÆÚøZ]ÉÔfgZ÷~ó{eZw™Y,{1YñÂzZ㳸À_ìāZDwzu‹z�ŠÆ‡b7÷XZDw©ƇbZzg¬÷ZzgZKãpŠ~)ZÐZŠe$(6,izgŠï÷ZzgZkK~¯ÄZDw~öZzgÒ]Æ‚BØZ@ñ�Š÷X
085
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
9999‘Õä O)ZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~U*"$™äzZßVäZkZ˜bÅYìzâú
°p7ÅXZ„k°jg~äT§bÔZL4,Šq-Ô,Zzg¯x»|xzu]Zß�ŠÅÌ™**ec¶T (Definition) ³HìZk§bÅ°p
ÐZ,VäU·ÅìXZk~—7āzu]Zß�ŠÅZ]~gógāÃMCìXpzu]Zß�Š»|xZkZ˜bÆZÖpÐzZãìX
c*Unity of Being zu]Zß�Š»F,ÀQgŠz~LLz�ŠÅZ»ðóóìZzgZôm,~~ƒÇXZkÅŠzßg'÷Xz�ŠÜs}.Z»ìX»Ñ] Oneness of existence
29 ZzgLLCÙP}āì7ìXóó 19 ñ�Š7ìX¬ÝÓx7ÒªîG0ŠZÄìwìXøg~ZK�zëÐic*Š{ZÌ7gBbX
Šzu~ßg]tìā»Ñ]ñ�Šì²âzgZ}.Z»z�Š7ìX}.Zá»Ñ]„~»g�ÛâìXZk~Yg~z‚g~ìpZkÐ!*CÙ7
¹ŠHìXf[~tÃt3ðâiZÆ;V (Pantheism) ìXZÐLL!Zz„óó~ Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics ic*Š{zŸs#ЪCÙƒZìX
3ðâiZÆi%æGLÄZyzu]Zß�Š»E+™{z‹t¿U8iïELfsì:LLzu]Zß�Š~»Ñ]ÅzÝÐZkŠg%ú[÷āZБtt7™DXZyÆ4,Šq-»Ñ]aè}.Z»ÐìZka»Ñ]ÐâzgZ¼7XZk§b}.ZÆ
$gBúGIOE
ÅÔƒYCìZzgZ+�!*¹7gSTÅ„Š]ÅYñXz�Š-VÆ4,Šq-}.ZZzgZKy~è<Ø»7ÉÀZzgb»gìXb»ÑZKcÄÆOñZLM\ÃÀ~+™ŠbìX¸bÅ!*ic*ÄìXZk§bZKã,ZKMiZŠ~Zzg’»"3©è
GGGOE
7™$ËXzu]Zß�ŠÆÂx~${ðG
Oge$¿Å(ág
185
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
ìXZKã~y].z4ÆOñjyŧsƒY@*ìXŠ�Š-VÆ4,Šq-ZYðZzg',Zð~Ãð�Ût7ÔZkaZܹ].z4»|x!*¹7gLXkH{ÆÅgZzg4~ÅÃÒ»ÎZw„aZ7ƒ@*XóóZy$¹é EL]~ÐÃðN¡¾æ E
LZDwÐ_“7g‚rX)1(»Ñ]Ñtt:™**)2(}.ZÆ•ÅÔ)3(ZKyZzg}.Z~¬$+ZzgqŠÆOñbZzgÀ»g)4(b»À~+ƒ**ZzgZKã,ÅMiZŠ~Zzg’ÐøzòZzg)5(ZYðZzg',Zð»{Ø2Zܹ].z4ÆOñÔjyŧs~yXt$¹é EL]zZãîg6,)Zsò÷Zzga衾æ E
LZDw»"§ZsxìZkaZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~ŒÛZgŠ¶»Ãð�Zi7XZy$¹é EL]Å,~7,**îZª»!*)ƒÇpZy6,Zq-ÃeZÜÌ¢zg~ì@*āi%æGLcX7g~§b™sƒYñX
°jg~ä©Zzgzu]Zß�ŠÆK~Šg„–ìāLLzZuZ+M~}.ZÃU§ÀZzgÑÿL!*Z(gŒY@*ì�ZâðxÐz�Š~Ñ
YìXZk~Šzð»${ðG
OgÑi˜ñ�Šƒ@*ìX{ÛZzg‘tÅŠzðXzh+Z-$ÔZÑZEZzgzu‹z�Š~ZkŠzðÃt7HY@*É{ÛZzg‘tÔfZ‹Ç
{ÛZzg‘tÆ${ðG
OgÃâyB 39 Zzg»Ñ]ÃZq-Šzu}»ÐŒY@*ìXóózu]Zß�Š»{؃Y@*ìZÏazu]Zß�Š~ZÈÈU*XZzg*.çGMEEOÑ‹3Ƈb÷Oç}.Zz»Ñ]ÃÐŒÛZgŠï÷XoZºM!*Š~˜÷āLLß5ñZsx»ƒÐ(,Z¤/z{T~�Zº[Z−+Z#èEEL²!Ì÷áï÷¬ÝÃnzxc*�Ûd$Ã7â}ÉZyÆìw~¬ÝZzgZKyÐhc*!Š=ç EXLh
otÌt 49 ìZzgtt™**7,@*ìāŒÛMyÐZÏÃtÅ@*GƒCìXóóāZ#èEEL²!ÆZÈÈU*XZzgZ#îyÆZÈyëp÷ZzgZÈÈU*X ™D÷
285
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
LLÝÑ]óóÆi%æGLÄZy–ìā 59 »ÃtZ#îyÆZÈyÐâpfìX6,zW-ŠÐ 69 LLZDwäÌÝÑ]ÃZLZ0+ZiZzgZÖp~ÒyHìX
²äÔÑ—ZgèÈsi~ÔøDfszŸs#Åì:LL�Zºò'Öwc*Z�ŠÆ‡b7÷ÉßƇb÷XÖw»Ètìā}.ZÔ»Ñ]~�ŠHìX
Z�Š»Ètìā}.ZZzg»Ñ]ŠzâVZq-ƒ‰X79 ß»Ètìā}.Z»Ñ]ìZzg»Ñ]}.ZìXóó
ÑbYzh+**)~¼g!*ÈVŠg`™Æ–ìāLLZyg!*È]~Zy 89 ZDwä™s/V~ß»Zm]HìªpŠ~‘4èGEL}.ZìXóó
Z½‚]ЪCÙìāzu]Zß�Š~{ÛZzg‘t»${ðG
Og7ìXZkÆ!*z�Šzu‹z�ŠÆqòZÐZsòÃtU*"$™ä6,Òƒñ÷ZzgZDwÃÌZkÃb»qòŒÛZgŠï÷²ŒÛMÈœ~ZvÃ{ÛZzgZKy2»Ñ]
zu]Zß�Š~|Z]ŒÛMyÅÐz¾d$@*zÞ] 99 Ñt!*g!*g¹ŠHìXXpgZ]ÊyU*"$™**ÂXìXOçZy»ŠúòtÌì 001 ™D÷
101 āo{zu]Zß�Š_5åELµÐ9ZsxÐZ3ÿXL!*íÃàìXZÈÈU*XÐŒÛMy»Ãðm7XoZºM!*Š~ätHìā
Z#èEEL²!ÆZÈÈU*XZ#îyÆZÈyÐâpf÷XZuZ§pŠ~~ZÈyÆÚø~Z#îyÅè#Ö™äƈŠz!*g{LZDwäZÈyÅ×e$7ÅXÝÑ‹3»ÌŒÛMyÐÃðm7XŒÛMyäLL»óóÆ´z{ÜsLLZ%óó»f™HìZzgZDwäÝÑ‹3ÃŒÛMyÐU*"$™äÅÃÒÃgŠHìX˜÷:
LLÀ~Zq-ß°!©lç ELŒÛMyÅZq-Â[ŠNg;åÔ˜÷
L»ZÑgnzZÅg.ð OWW]°]40î GGOZ&éGOxó~Z&éGOxÐ%ZŠÝÑ]÷Ôª
385
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
°]40î GOG*.çGEOEÑ]XÁhÃt¥x7ā²!i!*y~L-xó»t|x‡7'Zk§bZyßÍVä.e$"ŠgŠ~ÐŒÛMyZzg
201 Zsx~y~Zzg-**ã{]ŠZ4™Šb÷XZk’k,ÆÌLZDwäÝÑ‹3Å×e$7ÅXo»tr
301 āh]~ZDwäÝÑ]ÃZLZ0+Zi~ÒyHìÔè%6,FFìXo˜÷āZ0²!Æ4,Šq-¬Ýnzxc*�Û"ìGELÃ7ìÉ‘4èGELhì
Íc* 401 ²²Å±Æ_.LLZyZÈÈU*Xäz�ŠÅ1Ì7Î1ìXóó»Ñ]}.Z»ÐìpZk»z�Š7X‰MNW~@āz{n}»Ðƒ@*ìpZk»Ãðz�Š7ƒ@*XŒÛMyäZKyZzgZgnz�Åð»{]f™HìXZ¤/‘tÆz�ŠÐZïgHYñÂÎZwtaZƒ@*ìāZväHaZHX
‘tÆz�ŠÐZïgZKã�ÃzëZzgˆK6,ȃ@*ì²ZväZKyÃZC**T$¯c*ìX}.ZûÑ]Zzg»Ñ]Ã}.ZI${ð
GO§Â©ÐZāZs
ìX6,zW-ŠÐ²˜÷āLLzu]Zß�Štìā&?»Ñ]ëƒZkÅZKÃð|7ìªt&+Z‹pŠñ�Š7ìXthÅā{¤/~c*Zk
Ƽg»ŠzuZ**xìXZ�ŠZß�Štìā¬»Ñ]Ãñ�ŠtHYñQt¹Yñāh¬\Zk»Ñ]~ā{¤/ìXZk»Ètìā}ih+c*–~}.Zā{¤/ìXto{uZu)ŒÛZãìYètÂZ�Šìc*Öwìªc*Â}.Zz0+
6,zW² 501 ih+Ð�ƒŠHc*Zk~Öw™ŠHXtŠzâVÜq¬ZzgZÒŠ÷Xóó»æ¬tìāŠzz�ŠzVÔ}.ZZzg»Ñ]Ô»Z�ŠÜq¬ìpz�ŠÅZ»ðÔzg]}.Z:»Ñ]Ô¬7ìXZkyÃŒÛMÈœÆ_.ŒÛZg7Šc*YYāŒÛMy}.ZÃ{ÛZzg»Ñ]ÑtŒÛZgŠêìX‘Õä O)ZDw»$©�î EG
0ÃŒÛMyÆ6,zW² 601 _.ìXZDwZvÃ{ÛZzgZKy2»Ñ]Ñtâ…÷X
äZDwÅ�g!*ÈV�gØZ@7Å÷ÔZy»ÃðzZô}.ZZzg»Ñ]Åß
485
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Ð7ìXZy~${ðG
O§pŠ~ÒyƒZìZzgZKãpŠ~c*gzb»mLL»óóÐT§bZ�Šc*Öw)ZsòÃtìZϧbß 701 7LLZ%óóÐìX
Ì)ZsòÃtìXŠN!*]tìāpŠ6,zW-ŠÐ²äZk»Z‹ZsHìXOç˜÷:
LL�Zºò6,�ßvZ�Šc*ßc*Öw))Zsò${ðG
Os(ÆZ²Zâ]¬Z+™D÷Z,Väc*Â�Æ,»_·„7Hc*
801 Hp™:nXóóZkZ‹ZsЬ²ä�Zº»twŠg`HìāLL†å†
„gìÇpZ{z{X„F,¹YV:™}Zzgg[åg[„gìÇpZ{z{H„ÝwYV:™}XóóZk¿»ŠzuZz
&CÿLÃìX}.ZÆÝw»ÎZw„aZ7ƒ@*X�ZºÆÛzu]Zß�ŠZzgßű-ŠÐ²ä!*g!*gÅìZzgZkÃbÃZsòŒÛZgŠc*ì²qgz!*ÑZ½kЪCÙìā²Æ4,Šq-ß»${ð
GOgÖwŧb)ZsòìXLL8mZÇóó~Z#èEEL²!zu]Zß�Š
ZzgßÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷²LL:q‹+óó~Zsò$©�î EG0Ã7HìX‰¿
ŒVÜKYD÷:LLZvZq-ìXZß:~Zk»U*ã7Xz{ç~”VÐ0*uìÔ(.çEEO{ìXz{ƒ»â´ìXZk»ÃðÑq-7XkyZzg
901 ´ŠzâVÃZkäaZ�Ûâc*XiâäÃÌZkäaZHXóóZy¥%]ÅgzÝ~LL}.Z»Ñ]ìZzg»Ñ]}.ZìXóó»Ãt:
ZsxÆ_.ìZzg:¡¾æ ELZDwÆ_.ìX˜VJ-zu]Zß�Š-VÆ
ZkZœ¬»mìāoÒzu]Zß�Š_5åELµÐ"3™-.ç FGEELZsxÐZ3ÿXL!*íÃàìÔZDwäZkÅizgŠZgF,Šh+ÅìXZkK~ZDw»*yLL‘ÐêLªCÙz!*íóó
uZ`Z−+0*wÆ**xZq-¯[~˜÷āLLËè<Øc* 011 ‡&ÿELÂzìX
585
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
¸xÆŠ2gZÅ™)ÿzÃg~!*mçãˆl™**c*!*m|xaZ™**ZÝ~Zk6,zW-ŠÐ²¯ÄZDwÅÑjV~ 111 Š2gZÅ™)ÿÃ*™ŠbìXóó
¹¼‰wZzgß!*'™Æˆ!*ÆHy©ƹŒÛd$V‰ÔZ¤/pZyÅÂ[ 211 LLzu]Zß�ŠóóÅZ˜bÐMyJ-ÖgZqÝ:™nX
Ñ$þJL_·ìÔSîZk»z{!*[�Â[~÷áï:ƒeZzg LL@*g+÷ G
EL${ð
GOsóó
LLZsò${ðG
Os~)ZsòÃc*]ÅMölóóÆÄZyÐZµ÷áùƒZìX6,zWñßsäÔ—gåZzgô/ñÐ0ZzgZ»',ßBÅ’k,zV~Ôç**uZzgeZ{ÁZÒ‡]ŶKyŠ„ÅìXZ,Vä${ð
GOs6,!*ƒ43ïEGGÆZW,Z]Ð
00¤›ëÒyK÷X»[g‚ª$ó[åÐ�!*m½™[ÅYCìZzgTŸW,F,Šh+‘Õä O)ZDw䙊~¶ÔZk»7w6,zW²äÌ
311 ÅÑìZzgZk§boZºM!*Š~»!í�gŠƒY@*ìXzu]Zß�ŠÅ!Zz4~LL»Ñ]}.ZìZzg}.Z»Ñ]ìXóóZk§b}.ZÆ•»ZïgƒY@*ìXŒÛMyZzgZDw}.ZÆ•»Zm]™D÷XtZm]ÚZzg{]ìXZDwÆŠ}\Ðzu]Zß�ŠZzg
*.çGEOEÑ]Z~.™äÅÃÒňìX²Zk\»M¸iÎgÒZÜmłЃ@*ìXZvÆaâgÆZ7g}ÐÌzu]Zß�ŠU*"$HY@*ì²ZDwäZk6,gzÝeZsƒñ}.ZÆ•»Zm]HìXŒVZkZÅzŸs#ƒì@*ëÔzŸ8ïGL'×h+Æîg6,ÔZDwÆLL${ð
GO§7åENZóóÐ0Zq-Zµ
_·Â[Q~Ì÷áïìX»Ñ]nzxZzgZKyÅ�zëƒÂÌZzg»Ñ]øwZKy}.ZƒÂ
ÌZKyZzg}.Z~¬$+ZzgqŠ»g‡ì7ƒYXZ#CÙq}.ZìÂÃðËÆMÐ>{gm,YVƒÇXŒÛMyÅgzÐZväZKyÃaZ„ZK„Š]ÆaHìXÎgÒÃBÅtMe$āLLë¾~„„Š]™D÷Zzg‚ÐæŠâ_
685
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
÷XóóÇZsxìXZKy†ìZzg}.ZqŠìÉ}.Z„qŠìX®Ð*î0©~¸Nì�›yƒäÅãCŠ~ÑoìXZko}Å‚ZDwä¸W,
Šg|Zsx»oÒ©„ìTÆZDw¬ÔF,)y 411 cZ-V~ÅìXZzg‘Ðê M',ŠZg÷XpŠ~»${ð
GOgÌ©6,FFìXZv{ÛìX»Ñ]»ÌZzg
ZKy»ÌXZKy»ŸZgèÁÜЯc*ŠHXQZÐgzbc*pŠ~),(tgzb»7ÉZ%ìXÍc*ZKy6,Ì]ZÅ:ö XW»6,Âì:{Åzâg~ 511 «ÅX
ZvZKy»Ç·Z7ìXZkÅ›z„Š]Ð 611 .ŠÈÒñÑÌ]X,~ZPxaZƒ@*ìX„Š]ZkÆZzZ%ZzgâZ„Å0*È~»**xìX
ZvÅ›»»ŸìāZKyZK,~Ôic*Š{Ðic*Š{Ô}.ZðÌ]Å¡aZ™}X¸›Zܹ].z4»øu_./ìXZk].z4ÐZKãpŠ~@*È{z¢o™ŠZgÅqïk�ìXñ]»�Û-VÌ$+yÆ%œ/)gzbc*pŠ~(Ð
p¢opŠ~c*L,Å’Zq-DZ%ìXzu]Zß�Š 711 ŠzggLìXzu]Zß�Š~+c*’»${ð
GOgtìā¢{ 811 ZzgpŠ~Zq-Šzu}Å¡÷X
«g~ïYñXt’7ìÔZkaā¢}ÅZÐZŠe$»{؃Y@*ìX²ZDwZKã,ÆañC»Z7g{ZEw™D÷TÅZÐZŠe$Šgc*~̇ìgSìX${ð
GO§pŠ~¡¾æ
ELZDw»"gìXZDwÜsLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÆ
Šzg„~7Éi0+ϽZkƆz‘Ðê M',ŠZggìXZDwäpŠ~ÆßZiâ]Zϧbzu]Zß�ŠÆ 911 ×e$zSÚZzgi0+ÏÆMy~ŠzgJ-ÅX Å
OçtŠúò 021 MU*gzúZÜÅF,Šh+z#¿ÚZzgi0+ÏÆMy~ŠzgJ-ÅXāZDwŠz!*g{zu]Zß�Š~ƒ‰¸c*tāZy»Z�xzu]Zß�Š6,ƒZÔd
Z±gÐÔZq-"ãCŠŠúòìX
785
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
Z*e~@*|ä–āLLo™r#ZDwƯxÐzu‹z�ŠU*"$™D÷ 1XZzgZyÆZZÁ�ÐZkÅ#¿X=Äz�»t£¨**IìXZq-ÄÌÂ#¿~7À_ÂQ§Šúð™D'ecXZkaāZDwÅÄZ¤/Zk§ŠÐÞ',~ìÂ÷áh+�»|x¼ZzgƒZzgz{|xŠâ<îF0ZuZ§pŠ~ÆZkL}ЪCÙìXāZk,ZãÄZäzu]Zß�ŠÆXÅ‚LLç**u§jóóÐÅXtç**u§bÅ‚„§Š~${ð
GOsìXZkÐÔpŠ~ƒC
ìZzgZDwzu]Zß�ŠÐZm‹pŠ~™@*ìXóó)ZDw»„z®Ô™591($¨å EGLZDwÔ,]603X703 2X
3X4XÑ—ZuZ§pŠ~Ô,]681Ô702@*522}Š&ÀŸ/õ GG: 5X
Ñ—\ÄætÔg!*È]8Ô87@*18Zzg701ÅÑb (i)Ñ—i1gYÔ,]404@*114X-ŠÐ²˜÷āLLÒjè
IELgZióó (ii)�ZºòÆ¡Òiªî EE
0zu]Zß�ŠÅ=ôìZzgLL+gZ¯].h+óó~ZDwäÌZÏÝÃ7HìXÑ—Yzh+**)Ô,]191Ô0211@*7411 (iii)Ñ—!*ÁƒsÔ™15 (iv)Ñ—ZgèÈsiXzÃgÏÔ,]7Ô32 (v)Ñ—ZgèysiXzZgŠzÔ,]101Ô901Ô411 (vi)
$¨å EGLZDwÔ™66 6XZL¯[¯xpZzŒÂò!ígQ81ZÆ',5091Y~ZDw˜÷āLLŒÛMyÑp 7X~TŠgMc*]Üq¦sÆ0ƒVZy»èŠØ'Zk!*g}~M\‡g~÷á{Ñy™r#c*ËZzg™r#Ðtg{™Æ=¹¢×�Z[Š,'Z¤/‡g~™r#ñßsÃtU*"$™**ƒāXzu]Zß�Šª${ð
GOs»
885
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZÝXŒÛMyÅMc*]ÐÀ_ìÂz{ÃyÃyÏMc*]7™Mh÷ZzgZyÅH‚™D÷?óó)ZDw**)ÔzŠzxÔ,]353X453(è¹ZDwÔ%"0î GOEg<Z−+;×Ô™411 8X
zu]Zß�ŠÅZªVÅzŸs#ZyÄZ**]Æ�Åì: 9X(1) Hylozoistic Pantheism
(2) Immanentistic Pantheism
(3) Absolutistic Monistic Pantheism
(4) Relativistic Monistic Pantheism
(5) Cosmic Pantheism
(6) Identity of Opposite Pantheism
Â{µó&CÿLOÃìX¾±—÷āLLtÃtZ0Z²!ZzgZÁh+‰x 01X
ßAVÅñ�ŠÏÅ=ô™äЇÜìYètz{ßv¸�{ز[¸Xóó)ZDw:›„»Zg»YÔ™85(Zk»i°jg~ätïÑāLL[Z−+
Z#èEEL²!Ͳ[5,ZŠƒäÆ榸pZyÆM!*zZ].ZŠœ-VÐï6~}Ô˜VZYV»Z%o¿~Mc*åXóóZq-Gz2ÃU*"$™äÆa°jg~äZq-ZzgGz£7™Šc*āZ#èEEL²!ű‘o¶XŠzu~§s°jg~äöÃ&4øFG
ILÃg3p™×ÃÃZ0+Zi™Šc*X™×Å=]1zu]
Zß�ŠÅ7É©ÅMsŠZgìXŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔŠâ<îF0ZuZ§pŠ~)£Ñ‹ZDwÔ™691( 11XgzòÃzu]Zß�Š~U*"$™äÆa°jg~äxV·ÑpÆZq-Òy» 21X–gZ1ìÔ)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔqí81(²xV·ÑpÅÔŒÛd$„zZµÔZkgZñÃÃ
Z0+ZiHìāLLñÑ**gzòÅš~~ZKÈ»ï»TŠgE+™{MìZÚf™ËZzgñçq»7óó)¡Òiªî EE
0ZDw%"0î GOE),ÄZDwÔ™42(°jg~ZDwÆZKÈ»ï»â~.ZŠOZŠOl™Dgì÷²LLZuZ§pŠ~óóÅ%Oã6,ZDwäZkK~gzòÆ&ZÃgŠg`K÷XZy»F,Àtì:
LLÀ�lZrá™à~xg;å)ZzgHå(ā~Šg0+zVZzga0*-VÐJ߃VZzgZKyŠÚÅpZég‚rƒVXZy&À+õ E
‚¹VÐÜZgƒ[ƒVX~Z,ßÍVňl~ƒV�c.çIGL}.ZƒVZzgg0ÅÏ]gnpƒVX~ä¹Z,ßv7XÔë¹
985
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
eð&+`÷XZkä¹�7M~ZÏňl~ƒVXóóñÑ**Yò»�gÄì:š~ñß~s~&bŒÛMVŠgi!*ÈU~XZkÄ6, 31XtÈ™Z‹ZnHY@*ìāš~ŒÛMyùƒ$ËìXš~zZªŒÛMy7ìXÄ»|xtìāš~~ŒÛMã_ÒyK‰÷X
gzòÔ¢ZÍwÔZi÷zàZvÔ™7XeZË·gc*n˜÷āLLgzòZq-ÃuZzguZ0* 41X¿Šgz÷Zzg‘Õä O)ZDwZÏa…LLMgzòóóÃZCäÅS™D÷Xóó
)¯!*]zh‹gzòÔ™5(,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔÑ—ZuZ§~pŠ~Ô,]071X181 51X
eZ˱†Zv˜÷ÔtLLŠg„ìā'‘ÕäO)ZDwäZ#èEEL²!ÐJ 61XZ%sH1øg}0*kZk!*]»H�Z[ìā‘Õä O)ZDwÆ%”gzò‚J°œZ#èEEL²!„ÆìÑ]ÅœZñ!*i‚÷Xóó)_Åœî0ZDwÆP6¥cÔ™651(Z®sZ£ZpÅgZñìāLLš~~{]Zkìw»f™MìāÜsZq-fZ‹zZuñ�Šì!*¹�¼ìz{Zk�ÇÅÕÿZzgßg')ë](÷XªCÙ~�Ò]z®ŠÃM@*ìz{¡Z±g~ìXóóZpäñÑ**gzòƉZÃgÌÜK÷Xqd/õ IG~˜÷āLLŠzu}ß5Æ',ÜsñÑ**gzxÆŒVª]Z0îg6,ÔSzu]Zß�ŠÆÃðZ(ìw=75�ŒÛMyz<LÅ˽ÆÜsƒÔÜsƒ**Šg)gš~»9zŒÛMyz<LÆZuZgzZëÅÑ—ŠÅ5åFEk,¥xƒ@*ìXóó)zu]Zß�ŠZq-)ZsòÃtÔ,]56X66(eZˆZvÅ’k,~LL‚J‚óóZzgZp»ZEw”{ÂLL{]óó
&CÿLÃ÷XF,ÀgKih+~ÔLLZDw@z—¬Ýóó%"0î GOEeZËÐZºÔ™97 71Xš~Æ!*g}~>äZMgZ»ZÖgHìX}÷zàZvÆ4,Šq-š~~LL[z¿Zzg4z˜ŠÅZq-.e$„±½ìXóó²6,zW$¹Òjè
EE
ägzòÐLLF,¿Š*óó»Ãt™[HìX6,zW$¹ÒjèE
EÆ4,Šq-zu]Zß�ŠZzgF,¿Š*»aàŠZð»‚BìXtŠg„ìpaègzòŽF,¿Š*Å
½7ìZkaZ¹zu]Zß�Š~ŒÛZgŠbÌŠg„7XZDwäZKÄLLcz%h+óó~cgzòÐ7Yì:»gz!*gÆz~c*gZI?&HìMy¸e$Š+Ñ?óóZzggzò»t�Z[ÜHì:ÅŠgŠ#èGELâkBz“{&ÅŠgŠ#èGEL‘4fõ GW¸gzÃ{XLL¡Òiªî EE
0ZDwLL%"0î GOE),ÄZDwÔ™42XZ„k°jg~ä6,zWxV·Ñp» 81X095
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
t7gZZ½kÜHì:LLZDwâZÅŒ43›é EG]~Â$ŒÐö Ewî0‰ZzgZsxÃZiuâ@*iÏŠ¶Zzg›âVÃZ8wÅZq-xZSy¸x¯äÅpZé*äÐXZ,VägzòÃZCcz%”ŒÛZgŠ}1ZzgZyÅš~ÆZyÓx”VÃÃZ0+Zi™Šc*XÅzu]Zß�Š~Ìeƒ$˶Xóó)ZDw»D¯ÄÔ,]49X59(°jg~äZDwÃzu]Zß�Š~U*"$™äÆañÑ**gzò»E+™{CZìZzgñÑ**gzòÃzu]Zß�Š~ŒÛZgŠ¶Æa6,zWxV·ÑpÆZ½k»–gZ1ì²P,]¬»tZ½k°jg~äÃZ0+ZiHìXLLZ�ÛZŠZzgZZxÅi0+ÏZzgZyÆìÑ]~pgzú™ä~‰@*g]úZïÌ»g�ÛâƒD÷XZ4úZï»»ŸåāZDwf‚Ðzu]Zß�Še$Ãïw!*CÙ™,ZzgZyÆZ°gÃZq-6‚‘~eJBXóó£Ñ‹ZDwÔ™122 91X
Iqbal studies and the Journal ˜! Iqbal and pantheism revisited 02XX%"0î GOEeZˆZÓÛÔ,]911Ô221 of philosophical congress
}Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔÑ—ZgèysiÔzZgŠzÔ-ŠÐ²Ô,]011X1112LLÑbYzh+ 12X**)óó',]898X998
» Pantheism F,3ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔú].h+ZÅ;5é XG‹ZsðX2+k,*i~ä 22XF,Àzu]Zß�ŠHì²gZ¶Æ4,Šq-Zk»9F,ÀLL!Zz„óóìX
è)05X61(Zk~—7āZvZKŠg‹ æøÞø³vû³àö]øÎû†øhö]ôÖønûäôÚôàûuøfûØô]Öûçø…ômû‚ 32X»nZzgDÅ$+zªZKyÐZkÅgvÅÚÌic*Š{ŒÛd$ìXZDwäZkMe$Ðt|xÌZ~.Hìā),Ä�~pŠ~»Ï9/9!ƒg;ìZzg
]øŸø]ôÞ$³³³³äö fZ‹ZKã~ZL¾wÃVY@*ìX¾qwZvÆZkZg÷áŠÆ‚BÃÌ‚tg3YñÂZvÆŒÛd$ƒäÆ´z{&B3ûGLÀƒ** eô³Óö³Øôù�³o÷0Úövônû¼
ŒÛMyÐU*"$ìXX�GZi+cÔ The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam 42X
,]75X85Zzg&B3ûGLÀÆa Pantheism Zôm,~~zu]Zß�ŠÆaZDwä 52X
ZEwHìXZkÐZyÅ%ZŠuc*y7ìX Immanent
ZDwZzgzu]Zß�Š!LL.yóóÔZDw�Šc7791YÔ™74XZkЬ 62X195
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
LL.yóó~½zZáeZg°jg~cÆ~ÌeZg»ñ�g;XZ¤/uc*+MÃ!Zz„ÆsV~1YñZzgZk»|xìÔÂ}.ZZzg»Ñ]ÅZ»ðk�ìXâzgZ}.Z»ZïgƒY@*ìZzg»Ñ]„}.ZáÆ%¥6,Ã,ªYCìX…]z¥%])4(!LL.yóó™62 72X°jg~äZL$©�î EG
0ÃÅzŸs#Zk§bÅìāZ¤/aZ£eZg#}ÆZ0+g 82X÷Â!*CÙ7ƒMhX°jg~Zk}.ZÃZq-ZKy6,ªk™gì÷�CÙÚ6,”ìÔ�ŒÛd$ìÔ�CÙq6,ôZyì)11X75(�ŠßVÆqwY}ì)42X4(
ZzgZKâVÅuÍâVJ-ù7ìX)85X7(°jg~ä–ìāLLZue$ÆÐVÃc*]uc*ã÷Xóó)ZDw»D¯xÔ™18( 92XZ,VäLLZue$óó»Âzu]Zß�ŠÆsV~ZEwHì²Zue$)«ð(}.ZÅÚìXŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]16X26 03XZ„k°jg~ä2+k,*i~ÆF,9*î E0h]ÐZq-„g]ÜÅìÔT» 13XMy~zøDfsì:
LL¡]»${ðG
OgÌ�gZq-i0+{ZzgCÙ9(,fƒðZzgăðzu‹**ðÅwЙ**ecTÅ›zú6,ë{g`ÐÃðu‡ì7
™MhXZkÅÃðuìŠZ½Xªz{fZ‹�Š�Zk~Yg~z‚g~ìZzgTäZЖgZŠ}g3ìXóó
)ZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]27X37Ô$h½5ÿGI
GL].h+ZÅ;5é XG‹ZsðÔ™78(‘ÕäO)ZDwÅZÝ„g]tì:
Nature, then, must be understood as a living,
ever-growing organism whose growth has no final
external limits. Its only limit is internal, i.e. the
immanent self which animates and sustains the
whole
)h]Ô�GZi+cÔ™54(»F,ÀLLYg~z‚g~óóHYYìpZkÐuc*+MzÖw» ImmanentÂ
@*W,aZƒ@*ìX°jg~Æ4,Šq-¸uc*+M»LLzZ”sóóo]ìÔ²ZDw)&B3ûGLÀ(ÆsV~ZEwHìX all-embracing »Â Immanentä
295
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Zq-„™¬…ZDwÅøDfs’k,Qì:We cannot coneive this unity exccpt as the unity
of a self ----- an all-embracing concrete self ----- the
ultimate source of all individual ----- Life and
thought.
The »F,À&B3ûGLÀHìX)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ Immanent eZËñß~†Z/äÌall-inclusive (ZDwä}.ZÆa Standard English Urdu Dictionary
ÆZÖpÌZEwK÷X ego
£Ñ‹ZDwÔ,]102Ô302 23XZDwƉ^´5±ƒV: 33X
YV{Ûz‘t~qbg÷6,Š})�ÛâÈ}.Z�Û¤VÐD!*Áƒs( Å
Â{ÅþLZ¡gzóg0+ÒM**])š}.ZÆ—g~D!*Áƒs( Å
D!*Áƒs( ]Ÿ…šöÖô×#ä 0*mìÕ@ÃèÅ@*gO~Ãy) Å
¾~È{6,zg~Ð%}Šy¦/ggì÷)!*ÁƒsÔ™42( Å
ZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™37 43X}fsÆZÃgŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG: 53X
)!*ÁƒsÔ™87(¼ŠgZKÂä:Yãt"ÎZŠ~tÁó„!
)!*ÁƒsÔ™97(gZðiz§pŠ~Ð6,"$6,"$ršý ELpŠ~ÐgZð!ñðƘVÅu7ìñð»£xCÙ}ì
)†ZÇæOÝZÍw»1c*ƒZ²Aāð Eg»ªŠg|#Ôui$4èGELZ0+Ö~D!*Áƒs(
)LzgZID¢ƒæ(jV6,4!gZ<ØÐLìÜZgM»ì‰åîÃã!
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]48@*98 63X_Åœî0ZDwÆP6gcÔ™651 73XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLh]óóX�GZi+cÔ™35'ZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™301 83X
395
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
ZDwÙÏZzg,»ôk9Ô%"0î GOEeZˆZÓÛÔ™221 93XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw**)ÔzZÍwÔ™45XZ½k°jg~äÜHìX)ZDw» 04X‘ÐêL¯xÔ™101(Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ$h½5ÿ
GIGL].h+ZÅ;5é XG‹ZsðÔ™441X2Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]101X201X 14X
2+k,*i~ÆF,3~LL7óóÅ°xñ�ŠÏаjg~äÃZ+{ZVc*ìXZÝZôm,~„g]ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLh‹ZDwóó�GZi+cÔ™77ZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™401 24X!*ÁƒsÔ™54 34Xi1gYÔ™961 44XÓZzg÷á²D!*8-èŠgZ 54X!*ÁƒsÔ™37 64XŠ*D¢ƒæ 74X!*ÁƒsÔ™14 84X7ÕäO`DYzh+**) 94XŒVZq-ZzgṄ&ÿELÂzìX4ð XN†{óÆZÖpZ¤/pZDwäZEwK÷
p7ÕäO`Й[÷XZDwäZK§sÐ}Ìt7¹ā·å„}.Z÷XZDw»7gZ¯ÄÄz�‚tgÄ™„î}òZ~.™äeÂXOç²ÙÆ
ZDÑ]Šzg™Dƒñ‘ÕäO)ZDwä¹āLLt!*]~Â7Èg;XZLÙÆ_.7ÕäO`Èg;ìXóó),ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZDwZzg²Ùóó˜!âx);ZÑsxgZzf~ÔZDw�†g~8791Y(Z#ËZzg»$©�î EG
0Ã7HY@*ì¢zg~7ƒ@*āZkÐZ·tƒXtZ·t̃YìZzgÁz÷ÌX}LLYzh+**)óó„~ZjãÅi!*yÐ�¼ZDwä¹z;VZDw»Z·tâλìXZϧbLL¢ƒæóó~LLÎyãÅz¤óóÐZDw7g}îg6,5÷XpLL!*ÁƒsóóÅÄLLp¥w{yÅz¤óóÆMy~ŠzÄ�p¥w{yÆF,)y÷XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔh]:�GZi+cÔ™49XZk£x6,ZDw˜÷: 05X
His eye turned not aside, nor did it wander
(53:17) This is the ideal of perfect manhood in
Islam.
495
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
'×h+zŸs#ÆaÃgÏ»Zq-ÄÌÜHì:‘4èGELfZ]òô~Šg
&4g+öGEOO ñ\öWPiƒlgÄàāÒÌ]
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔš~LL)�ÛóóÄZyLLæ[/ZZÄuuóóZzgLLZgèÈsióó'ÄZy—g$Òï OGX2Ô 15Xf~ÄZyLLpŠ~óóŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLgñi"pŠ~óóÔLLŠgpZ,ā‹ÇZiœ¤/î·Z7$Ò0î OGZ„z 25X·Z7Z!ïGL·t¡zí©Z„óó,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ@0µg7ÕäO`ZzgZDwZiaZ£eZgÔ!LLâÓâóó™ZcÔ 35X
Z6,s9691YX‘Õä O)ZDwÅ7ÕäO`Ð0gZñÅp~6,eZgä×gzÝeZàìXZkK~z{˜÷:
LLZyÓxZ½‚]Ð¥xƒ@*ìā71#9191YJ-ZzgZkƼˆJ-ZDwä7ÕäO`ÃLŠgpgZ²7ŒYèZyÆ4,Šq-7ÕäO`zu]Zß�Š»‘Ðê M',ŠZgåZzgZka**‡&ÿELZZ]Ôp3291Y~c*Zk
мI$¹ÒjèE
EÅÂ[LL${ðG
Os~\B{3ïIE
GOG»${ðG
Ogóó÷áùƒðXZkÂ[~'ätU*"$™äÅÃÒÅìā7ÕäO`zu]Zß�Š~:åZzgZk»ÈÒZ**/»Èz{7�zu]Zß�Š~ÄZZzg®+ä7HìX¥xƒ@*ìāZk_¬ÆˆZDwÅgZñ7ÕäO`Æ0!*ÇpsƒXóó
ZkмMÐLLZ**/óóÆK~eZgäZDwÅgZñÔZyÆZÃgÆjZáÐZyZÖp~Šg`Åì:
LLZ**/»|xt7āZKãLZ**óÃãZzg!*ëìÔ�Lhó~槃YñÏÉtìāZKãLZ**óhìÔ|ìÔÑizZwìÔz�ŠÐ'×+ìXóó
ZkK~eZ˱†ZvÅgZñìāLLZDwZKã%¥Å¯EÆZku‡b÷ā7ÕäO`ÅZkìz!*:œZÅ@*G™D÷Xóó)!3›Ò¨é GOG‹h]ZDwÔ892(Ñ—Yzh+**)Ô,]191Ô019 45X55X$¨å EGLZDwÔ™52 65XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔÑ—ZuZ§pŠ~Ô™481 75XÑ—\ÄætÔ™761 85XLLZDwZzgZâxg!*ãòóó˜!LLZzgZtóóÔ‚Ü)†g~�Ûzg~0891YÔ™95 95X
595
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLKèŒÛ\óóD!*Áƒs 06X7À.ïGLZDwÔ,]403X503 16X26XLLœZihØÎñpŠÇ'×yóóZuZ§pŠ~~ìX)ZuZgzgñiÔ™32(LLZi!¾
)g{�óózZÑÄi1§Y~ìX)i1§YÔ™261(LLOV!*fZ‹hï]¦/óó+gZ¯].h+~ìX)Òjè
IELgZ¯].h+Ô�Z[7(LLZ¤/pZ„}.ZgZÃl|óóZgèÈsi~ìX)™451(OçLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÐá™LLZgèÈsióóJ-ZDw»pŠ~6,FF„~Âx7g~§b%1oìX˜‹ZDwÔ™001 36XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔÑ—ZuZ§pŠ~Ô™381X-ŠÐ²˜÷āLL8091YÐá™2291YJ- 46XZ,VäTŠg>K)Zzgz{ƒÅƒ!*&ëEYLŠgZ~ñ�Š÷(Ë~zu]Zß�Š»g8-7XóóÑ—i1gYÔ™504 56X£œZDwÔ™991XeZˆZvÅgZñÆa'×h+Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ0]h‹ZDwÔ 66X™292h]~ZDw˜÷: 76X
The universe cannot be regarded as an independent
reality standing in opposition to him.
)�GZi+cÔ,]25X35(D¢ƒæ Ÿø]ôÖFäø]ôŸù]Ö×#ä 86X
_袃æÔ™81 96XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔÑb¢ƒæÔ™93 07X!*ÁƒsÔ™81 17XÑ—!*ÁƒsÔ™331 27XÑ—ZuZ§pŠ~Ô™581 37XZgèÈsiÔ™071 47X!*ÁƒsÔ™23 57X!*ÁƒsÔ,]54Ô5Ô09 67@*87XÑÈî0õZD!*Áƒs 97X
695
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
gz—ZgèMŠx»ZLw™CìD!*Áƒs 08X¤]4èGELÍ?DYzh+**) 18X!*ÁƒsÔ™97 28X
KèŒÛ\D!*Áƒs 38XZ�Û8-iŠ{D¢ƒæ 48X!*ÁƒsÔ™21 58X
š)}.ZÆ—g~(D!*Áƒs 68XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwg--Ô†g~4791YÔ™95 78X8‹0îE
E0Z[M!*Š~ZDwäŠz$¹é EL]Ôúc*Vîg6,ÔzZãK÷XZq-tā-g\~ 88Xè<ØÃ6,ZÇf$ŒÛZgŠ}™ZЊE~ZñgªZ½¦(ÏÂxÐ"Š4™Šc*ŠHìXZzgZkÅ(ZÜtz(„ÆòÂñVäáàìXŠzuZNtìāZsx~Š+zŠ*ZµZµ7÷XZsxZq-Z½¦(ÏÂxì�˸òÂxÆ�',zñ»g7MYXÈtāy~zmè�ò)c*�°(Âxzä™}ÏZkÆ�ZsòÂx»ªxe7X®Z›ZÒe$Æ´V6,
Œ›âVÆaZµgc*„»ªx¢zg~ìXZDwäÔ8‹0î E
E0Z[M!*Š~ÌÔ›âVÃyzîVÐZµ¸xŒÛZgŠc*ìXHtzu‹z�Šì?w½ZDwÔ‘ÕäO)ZDwZz6-Eg4Zi+cÔ™22 98XZÝZôm,~ZÖp÷: 09X
In Islam God and the universe, spirit and matter,
Church and State, are organic to each other.
(Thoughts and Reflections of Iqbal. P.163)
Zk¿»F,À-VƒÇ:LLZsx~}.ZZzg»Ñ]ÔgzbZzgâŠ{ZzgGZzggc*„!*ëa}ƒñ÷XóóªZsx~Š+zŠ*Ôgzq+Mzâœe$Zzgè<Øzgc*„ZµZµ7÷Xóó
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGXŠ-Zy¸Ô@*`Zi+cÔ,]742Ô591 19X29XZDw»D¯xÔ™08 39X
795
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
×èZDwÔ,])!*nKM(87Ô552Ô19 49@*69XÑ—ZgèÈsiÔzÃgÏÔ™42 79XÑ—Yzh+**)Ô™2211 89XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔƒZÅMy¢ŠzxÔ,]63X73X601X291X162X382X423X943X 99X353X254X784X525X625X642¢ÎxÔ,]62X78X69X79X151X551@*751X161X334X854X064X335Ô985Ô985Ô817Ô067Zϧb!*¹¢,:Z÷ágbÅæŠÐX
zZ]í ZÅŒé ECÙ }oZºM!*Š~äÔ‚—zu]Zß�Š-VÅÇ~ÔðZÑzwzZÆHyz 001X»|x–ìāLLñ�ŠZ]{g`ZzgªCÙ~ƒVc*!*í~ÔiâãƒVc*kãÔƒÅ|Zv„ìXóó)×èZDwÔ™87(ZkMe$~ZvÅr©ïEGLŠg]»Òyì:āƒñ�ŠZ]»XŒÛMyÅgzÐZvƒñ�ŠZ]»{ÛìXOç»Ñ]ZvÅr©ïEGLðÅ1ì:āZvÅX-ŠÐ²äÌŒÛMyÆZk¿Ãzu]Zß�ŠÆo]~7HìX)Ñ—Yzh+**)Ô™898(×èZDwÔ™27 101X¯[¯xuZ`Z−+0*wñgQ91�Ñð6191YÔZDw**)Ô8~î O0ZÍwÔ™14 201X
oäŠ}\»jZ!Šc*ìpÃðZ½k77HZ%×èZDwÆ™62 301X6,h]Ð&Z½‚]Šb÷@*ëZy»‹t7HXªZ½kT£xÐ1ŠHìÔZÐ2+k,*i~ÆF,3ÐŒVÜHY@*ì:
LL¾T÷~gZñ~8©3©ïG
GGGLh»${ðG
Og�gZq-LZ**ó„Æ™**ecZzgZka÷}4,Šq-Z"3ïEGOGèhÐZ¦V„»œzgeìXc*QŠzu}/V~-VvāZ"3ïEGOGèhÅ!Šg]»ZÖgÔT~„ÿ»áZŠs'ecÔZyzuÂV„Å~ƒ@*ìXÃëLZ**óЙD÷XÍc*»Ñ]»CÙ¿pZ{Zk»mâŠ~�ZCÙÅ}*Cw•Ðƒc*fZ‹ZKã~„ÅMiZŠZ:»g�ÛâðÐÔƒÅ|SZq-xZzg',F,Z**ÆZϽfZ]ÆÎZZzg¼7Xóó)$h½5ÿ
GIGL].h+Ô™901(
oäZkZ½k»My~zÜHìZzgZÐzu]Zß�ŠÅ@*G~7HìXŠ}\ÆZyIt#б2+k,*i~ä�³Z~.Hìz{tìā:
895
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Z#îy LL-Vh]Æ$©�î EG0ÃÐ�âZÅŒ43š5é EGGC³%"ìGOEƒ@*ìz{
ÆZÈyc*¬ÅLczèßóÐ!*ÇZìX'×h+tāZkÐÛzu]Zß�ŠÅ@*GÌ7ƒCXóó)$h½5ÿ
GIGL].h+Ô™923(
qgz!*ÑZ½k~L!Šg]óZzgLœzgóÆZÖpMñ÷XLœzgóÆÂÃLLZ%g!óóÆÚø~Š9ecXŠzu}Z½‚]ÐÌÝÑ]c*zu]Zß�Š»Zm]7ƒ@*XLLZq-Z**ñ”ÐÃð)7ìXóó»Èt7ìāƒ¼Z**ñ”»ÐìXÐÅ¡
ìX (different) 7ÉZ (opposite))401X501XÑ—Yzh+**)Ô,]309X109
LLYV{Ûz‘t~qbg÷6,Š}óó)�ÛâÈ}.Z:!*Áƒs( 601XLLÂ{ÅþLZ¡gzóg0+ÒM**]óó)šÔ!*wƒs(
Šc*CZKãpŠ~~ZÅ:ö XWÌ]»@ƒ@*ì:{Åzâg~.ŠÈÒñÑÌ] 701Xptß7ìXZKãpŠ~Ã}.Z»ÐŒÛZgŠbÖwÆáZŠsìXZ¤/
)ßîg6,(Z(HYñÂÌ}.ZZzg»Ñ]ÅßU*"$7ƒCXÑ—ZuZ§pŠ~Ô™391 801XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ8mZÇQgŠzF,ÀZiñÑ**†Z;k,œjXáWäló~LL:q‹$½0î OGóó 901XÆZ½‚]Šg`K÷�${ð
GO§Â©Å¹÷{‚÷X
!*í t*yLLZâZ§ZDwóóZzgLL£Ñ‹ZDwóó~÷áïìX‘Õä O)ZDwä‘ÐêLªCÙZzg‘ÐêL 011XÆZqÐiÃLL}òÆZ±gÐ.e$ç**uóóŒÛZgŠc*ìXZkZqÐiƇb¤/z{ß5Æ4,Šq-:
cÄc*‘ÐêL!*íZq-%"ìGOEz±Š2gZÅ™)ÿì�Ñ$šï GGLZsðÐ )1(ZìZzgTŽgÎwZv-ZvmzÅäZLô/~ЉÊ~Zzg‰Ã:Š~X
s]ÿL${ðG
Os t‘ÐêL!*í|]ZñÐ|]pZzŒy~òÃàZzgZyÐ )2(Åz‚¦ÐB$h40î EGEQ!ï OGè%j)ÅMÒ{YVÃàìX
ZkŠ2gZÅ™)ÿ~zu]Zß�ŠÅS6,gzÝeZ%ƈZDw˜÷āZqŠg$Ä~ÃðZ+gzZe$øg~ÃÐ7¦/g~TÐt¥xƒāÑ™*åäEÄg‚ª~ÐÃð{mD‰ô/Ã2c*Zzg‰ÐZÐÖc*X!*Š~Z‹
995
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
~Ìt!*]ܽg‚ª÷áÈ·tå¥xƒCìātMy~g‚ªÓx˜âVÆagØìZzgZ(o{g|~‰YZ;gô/ñÅÂ�ìX´z{
ZkÆe7ā$úE
LOÜôƃDƒñÑ™*åäExg‚ª~ЉÉÐÖc*ƒXZv¬\�Ûâ@*ì:ZyZ¯+&¼-.ð GGyâZ4,ÜðZÅ545é EGE‹zZÅ£å~)2:951(
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw**)ÔzZzwÔ,]53@*73 111XLLZsò${ð
GOsÆâ~.óóÆi%æGLÄZyв˜÷āLL${ð
GOsÆÁÜF,0Ì 211X
&÷:»ï©Իï¾òZzg»ï›ZzgtÐVÁÜŒÛMyÐ!©54øGGE÷Xóó
)@*g+÷ GEL${ð
GOsÔ,]401X501(tñ�Šg„ìZzgªCÙìāZk~©»
f™ì:āzu]Zß�Š»XLLl)óó~˜÷āLL»Ñ]Hì?}.ZÅā{Ç{ìXCÙÚÐz„ªCÙƒg;ìXª»Ñ]!Š=ç EXLZ�zÌ]ìXóóªÆˆ�!*]½ìz{Šg„ìX»Ñ]Šg|ZvÅr©ïEGLð»1ìX
o˜÷āLLZ3ÿXL§gÆ4,Šq-X~ZÒ(,}(,}¬ÝÔ$Zzgö_ 311X÷áï÷t›ìāto{)zu]Zß�Š(�µÐ9ZsxåÐZ3ÿXL!*íÃàìXŒÛzÈZz\~t'Z+pZmÃZyÅZ¦Z›!*íÆÒpÐSKYD¸Xóó)$¨å EGLZDwÔ™27(6,zW-ŠÐ²5Z‡g~ÆjZáИ÷āLLtgzZe$āMÀ]åä|]ZñüZuZgZzg!*mEx2ñ¸�Šzu}
Ã72ñÔ!*ÇßìXóó)Zsò${ðG
Os~)ZsòÃc*]ÅMölÔ ô/ñ™521(qd/õ IG~²˜÷āLLMÀ]ågÎwåZ(7™Mh¸Xóó
zu]Zß�Š~»Ñ]Ã}.Zë÷²ZDwÆ4,Šq-ZKy»£x»Ñ]Ð 411XŸiZzg—ìZzgz{ìLL£ÄÈÏóó:!*Áƒs~ë÷:£ÄÈÏŠ}™:ßV÷áÈ}.Zz0+~!Zzg¢[èæ»�gÄì:
tZq->{&¤/ZV&ìDÙZg>}ЊêìMŠòÃ�]
ZDwÆ4,Šq-LLZÝ!*]tìāß5éZzgzu]»|xK~JtƒðìXtŠzâVZ˜²%ZŠs7'©ƣ«~c*ZkÅ¡ÂÒ]Ô76āß5ä${ð
GOgHìÉZkÅ¡ÑuìXzu]Zß�ŠÅ¡
LÒ]óìXZkt»³tƒZāXßÍVäzu]Zß�Š'ÃU*"$Hz{ñuŒ‰),ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ[¯xpZzŒÂòñgQ03Šc5191Y(
006
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ç)23X7(ªZväZKyÅ æøeø³‚ø]øìø³×ûÐø]ŸûôÞûŠø^áôÚôàû›ônûà ŒÛMy0*u~ì: 511X)23X9(LLQZkà ´ $ö³Û$³ä‰ø³çùÖ³äöæøÞøËøîøÊônûäôÚôàû…%æûuôä ðÅZ’ZÇg}ÐÅX
&ëEL‹ÐŠg„HZzgZkÆZ0+gZKgzbY7-Š~XóóLLgzbóóÆK~Z1ZÑdñŠzŠ~˜÷āLLZkÐ%ZŠz{{m�CÙì�„zÅgZzg=z×Zzg
zZ(g»qïƒ@*ìÔTÅ$+zªZKyÓxŠzu~‘‡‹ZgèПiZq- ê™8ïEL,�Ô™8ïELZ**�Zzgq$ÿLÜÄ�áCì'ZKyÆZ0+gDÔ„ÔÅgÔZgZŠ{ÔêÔZ(gZzgZ,„Šzu}�Zz™saZƒñ÷Ôz{ƒ
Zv¬\ÅÌ]Æ6,Â÷Xóó)ƒZÅMyÔ¢XgxÔ™14(Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLKŒÛ\óóX!*Áƒs 611X�Ûñ]»g@*ìÍ$+y¾Z&F,}z�ŠÆ%œ/ЊzggLì)ñ]:¢ƒæ( 711XZ£Yzh+äzu]Zß�Š6,ZDwÆZ‹ZŸ]»Zq-Z)àY,{1ìXz{˜ 811X÷āZDwLL}zu]Zß�Š~ÃMD÷Zzg}zu]Zß�ŠÆ#³XZ%
ZyÆãCŠ~${ðG
OgLpŠ~óÅgzÝ~ZÚÂËŠg¢Ð¹YYìāz{Zk$©�î EG
0ÃÆqò7¸Xóó)ZD1]Ô†g~âga6691YÔ™76('×h+Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ¡@»*y>ZyLLZDw»${ðG
O§’ñŠzZxóó˜!LL0‹h‹ZDwóóLLpŠ~»u.VÆäMSÈî WMZÆäOZvóóìXpŠ~ÅïÂV~ºc*ðZzgāÂV~!{‹¨éEð 911XìX©Zzg,·~V6,pŠ~»Z®gìXZvZzggÎw~VЛzGpŠ~âo™D÷XG¸‹øāì¿ÆaXZzg].z4ÐpŠ~¢oƒCìX].z4íÆaZzgÑÆÜsƒCìXHZDwi0+ÏÆMy~ŠzgJ-LZy${ð
GOgZ]Њ„',ŠZgƒñ÷?
zu]Zß�ŠÆMU*g~ZÈÈU*XZzg*.çGMEEOÑ‹3÷áï÷X‘ÕäO)ZDw»¯xÔ 021XZuZ§pŠ~ÐZgèÈsiJ-ÔZyÅ×e$zF,)ãÐ0*uìXzu]Zß�Š»Zq-gctìā»Ñ]„}.ZìXzu]è8jèELz�ŠÆŠzgƈ»Ñ]Æ}.ZƒäÅ6,YN̯ÄZDw6,L77,~Xzu‹z�Š»ŠzuZgcÔ�»ìXZkÆúZÜ~F,¿Š*ÔF,¿¿ZzgpŠÃˆ'ì²ZDwÔi0+ÏÆMy~ŠzgJ-ZygD**]ÆÜs˜Š™DgìX
/'/'/106
HZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?
206
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ŠHgðZV!*[
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
Z„k°jg~Æ4,Šq-‘Õä O)ZDw!1¹ÐêGOÂ÷…7÷XZDwÃ
!1¹ÐêGOŒÛZgŠ¶ÆaZyÆŠÑbt÷:
Zq-|ð!1¹Ðê GO»¸wì:LL~¬o{g‚rƒVQgz„™@*ƒVX )1(¨gz„Æo{Z(g7™@*XóóZkÐ4‘ÐêL¯xÅ°p7ƒ$ËX‘ÐêL¯xHì?¬o{gQgz„™**X�¿MiZŠZ:gz„ÆÃðo{Z(g™}Çz{!1¹Ðê GO7gìÇ…BñÇX
ZLh]~ZDwä].h+dgD**]zZÏÃ]ÅgzÝ~ )2(ZÅ;5é XWG‹ZsðÃZiuâ%"ìGOE™äÅÃÒÅìXZkÒpÐz{çZàZzggZi~ŧbZq-!1¹Ðê
GO»�ÛnZ�xŠ}gì÷XeZË‚]ŒZâgÆ–wLLZy»ƒÐ(,Z»g**)tìāZ,V )3(äZsòZÅ;5é XWG]Å$h½5ÿ
GIGL].h+ÅìZzgz„»xHì�œ-V¸
øg}x!1¹Ð)4èGO
GEÂxZzgZÄ~äZ�xŠc*åZ#-**ã,z‚bÅZ÷á®)ƒð¶Xóó–wцZÔLLZDwMy/~�Ûâc*™D¸ā~äZCÛ§] )4(
‘:[ÐqÝ7HXi0+ÏÆ0Zq-{miZz›ó{zgP~ïŠHåˆ~~ä[Z+ÑwÃZkÆZm]~ÜsHìXóó
eZˇè†Z?Æ–wLLz{¹™D¸āM~ZyÃzgZdBìZzg )5(,z){Z,VäZ4›ëÃX»Z¹´¢ì[îg6,KÆ
306
aJ1ìXóó,ZzgxÃáZŠs'Z_O§„ìZzgZÏZ_O§„Æ!*)ZDwà )6(
ZkŸZ_Og„Æ´z{°jg~ 1 Oñ!1¹Ðê GOÆ…ŒY@*ìXäZDwÆ…:ƒäÆøDèfsŠÑb7K÷:
ZDwpŠÃ…II7™D¸X )1(ZDwZÃg~�Å#¿™D÷X )2(ZDw�ÛâVÆa¢gg‚VKѸX )3(
2 ZDw»ÃðÂÄ,7ìX )4(°jg~ÐOW,ƒ™c*ZLîg6,‰Šzu}2u4è
EGELZDwäÌ
@*ëZkK~ZëZ‹ZŸ]Z„k 3 ZDwÆ…ƒä»ZïgHìX°jg~„Æ÷X
tā¬ZDwäo{Z(gHZzgQgz„H&CÿLÃìX°jg~äLL¡¾æ
ELZDwóóƼŠjZáŠb÷Xt]ZyÅÃЦ/gZƒÇXLL‘Õä O)pŠ�ÛâD÷ā~ùZzg$¨Òiý
GEŬ]Ѓ@*ƒZZZyz¢ÆMƒ§]LL¦k,ŠgŠóó~6)4è XG�LLZYhZì'-.ç
GGEL$Òï OGzMNä¸ñVÃóó 4 J-àƒVXóó
‰ZZwÃMD÷XLL*ØZ!óóZzg‰Šzu~>Zk6,eZŠ÷X¤dtgz„„»³åX 5 ÆŠzgZyZDwŠCÙe$Æç}ÐÌŠzegƒñX
¨gz„„ÆË~‘Õä O)ZDwzm¸rÔ-�d$ÔuâtŠZgZ:/ge$ZzgJZ:Z·ZKÐÜZgƒñZzgZsx»6,_åx1X°jg~2s÷āLLZzZ&ÿ
JL/~Zy»iZz›ó{šµ‘:Zzg]:åXZk»o]ZyÆ£áâZÅŒ43š5é EGG‹Zk,ZyZzg!*&ëEYLŠgZÅZ’ZðV~MìpgCgC‰h+zZ§»
°jg~âZÅŒ43š5é EGG‹Zk,ZyZzg!*8-èŠgZÅ 6 _./ZyÆŠâr6,qz~ƒŠHXóóZ’ZðVÅãCŠ6,ZDwÆZzZ&ÿ
JL/~iZz›ó{ÃÔ—zµÆ%Ô‘:Zzg
406
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
]:â…÷XZkZ‹ZsÐZyÅtŠ?$zgƒYCìāZDwäo{¬Z(gHZzgˆ~ZkÅÂ}Æa,z){J1X
!*&ëEYLŠgZÅ«ÄLLø!óóÐá™ZgèÈsiÅMy~ÄLL|‹ZKyóóLL‰h+zZ§óóÆ_."Æ!*)ZDw 7 J-ZDw»iZz›Ãgz„»1ìX
ägz„™**gh7Šc*åÉZyÆgz„ÃZq-‚ï¶XZk%µJ-ÌZDwgz„ƈ„ãÔZzg›âVŶKè0LU*6ZyÆ4,Šq-ZK+MÅ$™-.çG
GLâ»fg=¶X°jg~Æìw~gz„ÃZsò‰h+zZ§ÆaZEw~Ñc*YñÂz{,7¯xìZzgZ¤/ZkÆfg)ZÒŠÃ�ÛzrŠc*YñÂz{,ìXZÒŠÅZªV~ÐÌ°jg~Æ4,Šq-].àâŠ"ìGOG»,Ç,ìXZÐtZ(gÌqÝìāT�Ãeì,Ð{g`™Š}XOçZ„k°jg~g¶§Zi÷:
@#èGEL»Ñ]6,g™ÆZq-zZãZzg%1oÂÄ„7™**T~§ŠzÚ 1X:0*c*Yñ2§‹ZKãŸe$zÑZzg»Ñ]Æ‚BZkÆmÐc™**ZzgízÑÔ§]ˆ]ÔƒzŠgz){Æ)b
QV**XZÐâZÅŒ43š5é EGG]c*Ã~,c*,ZÍw¹Y@*ìX‚bÆZÏÃ]»‹t™ÆZKã$©�î EG
0ÃÐZyÅŠgz7¥ 2X™**XZÐW~,¹Y@*ìX‚bÆ].h+F,+ZÏÃ]ÅgzÝ~ZKãçÑ}ÅY0+Zg 3XŠgzVZzgZz!·Z-V»•™ÆZ¹iY)zäÅ
8 Šú]ŠbXZÐic*].à,»**xŠc*ŠHìXŒVtzŸs#¢zg~ìāZDwÆ;VLL¡Òiªî EE
0ZÍwóó'LLW~,óóZzgLLic*].à,óózZãîg6,ñ�ŠìXic*].à,giÄízÑÅ 'ßg]~:ā].àâŠ"ìGOGÅ^~XZDw»,iÔZz!Zzgy~ìX
506
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
].àâŠ"ìGOG»,ZzgZDw»,ŠzâVZz!ZzgÑ~÷XŠzâVZq-Zq-ÃbZzgè<Ø)o{z§i(Æqò÷Xiâä»ê].àâŠ"ìGOGÆ
°jg~9�Ã,7 9 ÜsYg;ì²ZDw»,Šg„ZzgåìXâ…Zzgß�Ã,â…÷Xtß,ZyÆ4,Šq-zZu,ìÔOçÃ~ÔW~Zzg].à�»f™™Æ˜÷:
LLZyÐVUîVÐ&Z!í��ŠgƒD÷XªgzZî�»ì�M`ÌâZÅŒ43š5é EGG]Ã�»bÌÑixâ…÷XŠzuZ
z){»ìXŠZ Logical Positivism, Neutral Monism
TÐgzZîâˆZÅŒ43š5é EGG]Æ ìDialectical Materialism
™Šc* ‚BfZ‹!*g~ÔízÑÔ’z犉)bÃ�Ð{g`ŠHìXóó
Zk£x6,Šz$¹é EL]‡&ÿELÂz÷XªtāZ¤/].àâŠ"ìGOG»,-**yÐá™].h+-g\ÆÓx�øwZsò�Ã�Ð{g`™YìÂ
$hÿE
LZKã»t‚gZ,].àâŠ"ìGOGÆ�ÃgŠYV7™YXŠzuZNtìāZsò�ÑÐêL¯x»**xŠ}™�Ð{g`HYYìÂ].àâŠ"ìGOGÆ�ÃZq-**xŠ}™�Ð{g`YV7HYYXt,ÌÂZq-{mÃbZzg§j)Šzu}/V~è<Ø(»qòz‘Ðê M',ŠZgìX§‹ZKãŸe$Zzg
ízÑÔ§]è] 01 »Ñ]Æ‚BZkÆmÃZDwäl!ZY¤/HìX‚bÆ].h+F,+ 11 ZzgƒzŠgÆ)bÃ${ð
GO§pŠ~ÅgzÝ~iHìX
]‘: 21 ZÏÃ]ÆÚø~è<ØÅZÌzZÊe$zZãÅìXñç¬]6,cÜs›âVÐ#¥ƒ™7É7g~ZK+MÐ#¥ƒ™ÅìXZDw»„ºmÌìZzgMùÌìXz{Üs…7ÉZq-(,}…÷X
606
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
3333ZDw!1¹Ðê
GOG÷pZq-{m|x~ÔZk|x~7�°jg~Zg»óóÆ��¬]Šg`Å z ä³HìX°jg~äLL‘ÐêL¯x»M¸i
÷ÔZyÐZDw»Ãðm7ìX°jg~Æ4,Šq-zkÅ@*zs™ÆZÐ�Æ_.™**‘ÐêL¯xìXZ,VäzŸs#Åìā3!ä=zÜZzg,zè<ØÅrÅZzg].h+‘ÐêL¯x~u±äLL3!Åcz~~=Ã
°jg~ä3!Zzgu±ÅdÅìX 31 zkzZAxÅœZ‰Ü»£gIZc*XóóçZàZzggZi~ä-**ã�»ÂhHX°jg~äZyÆ‘ÐêL¯xÃ{¹ìZzgZkÅè#ÖÅìX‘Õä O)ZDwZysV~!1¹Ðê
GO÷XÆÚø~ñÑ**GZ£ZºM!*Š~äZ¹!1¹Ðê GOŒÛZgŠc*ìXz{˜÷āŠ*‘ÐêL¯x»@*gz7Š-**yÆ,zyлgƒZåXt,zypŠ¹$zgZzg**0*Z+Zg¸XZâxçZàäZy»6,Š{euHXŠ*‘ÐêL¯x»æ[Üs›âVÐåXZyÆ',Üs‘Õä O)»‘ÐêL¯x‚g}¬ÝÆaìXZk~ic*Š{éÔ�ZðZzg÷ZðìXŠ*‘ÐêL¯x=zzkÅMzm,¶!*뻩7™@*ìXZ÷á²{Zzg3!ÆZ%s»¸:LìÔp
‘Õä O)ZDwZq-Z+—RЯx™D÷˜V=Zzgzk~£Šx7ìÔÒI (Empiricist) @*ëZy»£xZzguzŠ³÷X�Æ&¤/z{Š!
!*ë',açL�g÷p‘Õä O)ZDwZ¤/p= (Intuitionist) Zzgz].Zã (Rationalist)
ÅߊZâãƇb÷po{!©Æi%æGLZW,jZkÔ=Zzgz].ZyZyÐVÃ41 Zq-„ÀÆZbZt™D÷X
LL‘ÐêL¯xÆZW,Z]z}òóóÆi%æGLÄZy°jg~ä�¼–ìÔZk»Ìc*ÂZDwÐÃðm7Zzgc*z{ßÒEV6,FFìXtMgZ
&CÿLÃ÷X)1(ZDw‚bÆ#³÷)2(Z¤/›âV~ZÄ~ZzgçZà:ƒDÂM`J-Zy~%zVÒ5Ò3ð GGZzgEHaZƒ`ƒDX)3(›yZ3ÿXL„zÃÅ
706
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
ó÷qwZzgwÆ»çV»‚o™äÅOñâèêÆŠ®ÈV~Å™g{ˆ÷)4(@*zsMgZðŬŠ]äøg}!¸òÃt™1ì
)5(ZDw÷āZss6,4ZzgÇÃIÆ‚zZPx»!*)B÷)6(‘ÐêL¯xä�?çEEL"YÆ_.}þe$Š~ì)7(].h+D¯x»Z0+6**ugDyyŠŠ#ìZzgZkÅf)ŠZg~ZDw6,¬Z+ƒCì)8(‘ÐêL¯xä›âVÆZñ¿Ã¾™Šc*ìX
ZDwyŠŠÔ÷t 51 ‘Õä O)ZDw‚bÆ#³÷ÔZq-è$ìXÌZq-è$ìXLLHZDwyŠŠÔZzg#ÅýLD÷?óóÆi%æGLÄZyŠzâVŠú}"ãCŠU*"$ƒñ÷X°jg~äi%æGLÃ!*[~ZDwƼZÃgpŠŠg`
tāZ¤/›âV~ 61 K÷X~zZãîg6,‚bÅ×e$zSìXZÄ~ZzgçZà:ƒDÂM`J-Zy~%zVÒ5Ò3ð GGZzgEHaZƒ`ƒDÔ"uz0*!*]ìX–w;gzyZ°æLLZ¤/M`ÃðçZàñ�Šƒ@*Âz{ŠZ›gzVÃC@*ā—Zܹ·Z7Æ‚BuÅZ&bZzg].h+F,+)ßY»
‘Õä O)ZDw8‹0î EE0Z¥/|)1191Y(Æiâä 71 ”w�ÛñtÅwg‚rìXóó
Oç 81 „ÐQ½ZzgZܹF,šMŠzâV6,',Z',»izgŠïgì÷XZDw‚³zZOŠ~F,¹ÆÜs7÷pZÐZܹ·Z7Æ�geT÷X
°jg~äTÇÃâè!êÆŠ®Ì¹ìz{Zq-gz×ÇåXZkÇЖ™›âV»wy™**õwìXÃð¸xZLâèÃ7ÈrZzg$Òï OGèZsðÆZPx»gZi„ŠgZÝ’<å XLXŠ]Å!*ic*Ä~ì�ZKã#bÆZ$+~ZßßV»1åX@*ë].h+)bÆiÅ{§ZDwäZ¿ŠÅ§sÂzŠÑðìZzgZk»§&»gðHìX
=ãgây™@*zsMgZð3!äŶXZk@*zsMgZðÅ°jg~
806
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
äZyZÖp~°pÅì:LLŠ*ñZsx~’&ëGLZŒZwÐ[Z+Ñw»M¸iƒZX3!'Z+~gz„ÅŠú]:ŠïZzg=zÜc*,zè<ØÅrâzg~:B›âV~ïd»›zú0*****eåXóóZϧbu±Å@*zs
qÑèZyÅ 91 MgZðÅ$+zª°jg~äZ¹LLZkŠzg»Ã<Zzg{?óóâ**ìX02 @*zfZyÅ:q]~'×Z3Zzg)¢zg~‰XqàäZyÅ,Š~ìX
‰@*zÞ]zZãîg6,eZ{™äzZà÷XZq-§s°jg~3!Zzgu±Å°p™D÷ZzgŠzu~§s˜÷āLL@*zsMgZðŬŠ]äøg}!¸òÃt™1ìXóót§ŠŠh+ãìX
°jg~ä–ìāZDwäf!�Ð_“Å{§@*zÞ]XZzg!*ƒ43ðEGVŧbŒÛMyƪCÙ~sVÐZ²ZnHXOçZy»Ã›pŠ~
ZDw!*m 12 /Óxz¾w¢o/õEIHÐâpfìZzgÛiây',}VÐâpfìX
ZyÐ!*m|x™[™**ÔZ¹zu]Zß�Š~ 22 |xheÆJÜs÷XŒÛZgŠbÔ‘Õä O)ZDwÆ${ð
GO§}.ZÃuc*ãC**Ô${ð
GO§pŠ~âo/õ
EIHZzgÛiâyÃ',}VÐâpfC**ZzgZDwÃ#ÅýLDZzgyŠŠÔIÔè´V»Zq-Ywì�°jg~äwc*ìXZyÆŠúîV»ZµZµÄZ**]Æ�Zzg/,Y,{ZÏa7HŠHì@*āßÒEV»�@***!***°jg~ä»gHìÔZÐZŠ²Šc*YñXLLHZDw#ÅýLDZzgyŠŠÔ÷?óó~zŸs#ňìāZ(7ìXZDwÜsZkDÆÜs÷�ZÒŠÆáZŠsìZzgZk=Æ�Óx1Å;-ö XE
ìÔzg:z{=zDÅZÌÃW,îg6,Òy™D÷XLLH¡¾æ ELZDw»gì?óó
»â°tìāZDwäÑtz¾[ÐZ.Š{¢zgHìpZyÅ„~Z‚kŒÛMÈœìXLLHZDwzu]Zß�Š~÷?LLÆi%æGLÄZy¥ôÅìāZ(7ìXŒÛMy„Æ_.ZDw»${ð
GO§}.ZâzgZðZzg—ìZzgZÏ—}.Z6,
${ðG
O§pŠ~»Z®gì2ŒÛMy„Æ_.ZDw}.ZÔèÀâ…÷X
906
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
°jg~˜÷āZDwZss6,4ZzgÇÃ$Òï OGÆ‚zZPx»!*)B÷XŒVÌè%Ê4ìXZDwZss6,4ÅF,IZEw7™DX©ÅgzÐ6,-ËÅY,78-ö
GOWā9Å6,-ÌNqìXZDwZssÆŠg+{™ŠZgÆjZáÐ�¶¿aZ™D÷ZzgâèÐg',ŒÛZggnpƒñç$™-.ç
GGLâZzg$Òï OGÆgz×wÅgZ{ûZg™D÷XCÙ
i0+{xZLZ»',Æ»g**óc*ŠgBbìZzgZиòZPx»fg=¯CìX°jg~‰ŠZ›g›âVÃZLâèл^™Zy»¥cËZzg§sñh**eT÷XZDwÇÃZ¿Š6,EÜsZkz‰ÜŠï÷Z#Q!ï OGZzoÐ
zg:ZDw 32 ¦/gg„ƒXLLŠgp!Z,āŠgiâUZzoÇZiZ¿ŠZzÅ2.çGWGZ„XóóThe Principal of Movement in the ) äZL\LLZÑ¿Š°ZÑsxóó
~$™-.çG
GLâZzg].h+)bÆiÆaZ¿ŠÃ¢zg~ŒÛZg (Structure of Islam
Šc*ìX|tìā�,œ~~Z¿ŠÆaY0+ZgZzgW,MzZiÜs‘Õä O)ZDwäQVðìX°jg~˜÷ā‘ÐêL¯xä
+B©3þGG
GLdÃJœ)àc*ìT»³™Zóg~Åßg]~gzúƒZìXZDwÆÚø~Z+!*'Ѫ÷X‘Õä O)ZDwÇÔizZÁïZzgŒÛMyÅ"Y@*zÞ]ÃTÃЊÙ÷ÔZkÅzŸs#¢[èæÅÄLLZ¿Šóó~Ìñ�ŠìXŒV7g~ÄŠg`ÅYCì:
y~7À.ïGLŠ,Ãð¹Vм:}ÉåEO‹™ŠZg:Z°§r7ÒªîG0Øt~z{P‹Z0+6¹VM{!õòzÇzizZÁï!pŠ$+s7ŒÛMVÃ$+wŠï÷ƒñ¾Šgz¢©-<é
EGGXÈwx"Â=
016
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZyÝñV»tÝìā**³ìÂ[ā2C7ñðÃÝòƧ&!
°jg~Æ4,Šq-‘ÐêL¯xä�?çEEL"YÆ_."þe$Š~ì²
‘ÐêL¯xä LL °jg~ÅgZñìā 42 ZDwLL"Yóóõ»Âh™D÷X›âVÆZñ¿Ã$zg™Šc*ìXóóZ[t!*]¯ÄZDwÐzZ/gppzZÑ
Oç‘ÐêL¯xÆÚø~°jg~ä 52 CÙ¿Y}ìāZDw»�x„¿ìXæŠú}K÷Zy»ZDwÐÃðm7ìÔÉ°jg~Æ4,Šq-‘ÐêL¯xÆ�ZW,Z]z}ò÷ZDwZy»¹�™D÷ÔOçXsV~°jg~
‘Õä O)ZDwÃ!1¹Ðê GOŒÛZgŠï÷óZysV~ZDw!1¹ÐêGO7÷X
°jg~Zq-è$!*g!*gaZ™D÷XZDw6,Zq-Z²Zx/ƒZg¬Z+™ÆZÏÃZDwÆ!1¹Ðê GOƒä»îo]ŒÛZgŠï÷XZy»tŠúòìā‘Õä O)ZDwäŒÛMãMc*]Å8iïELA@*zs™ÆZyÅ¡Òiªî EE
0f[Ð_“ÅìXZkK~°jg~ä{™7Òû ELƒaZHìXZyÆøDfsŠú}ZzgŠÑb‡&ÿELÂz÷:
ZDwäÌZL°z!1¹Ð)4è
GOOGEŧb=zÜ~r™ä )1(
62 ÃÒÅX Å‘ÐêL¯Ä»${ð
GOgè<ØZzgEÄçÜÅ¢ÈÆ%H„ )2(7YYX
!1¹Ð)4èGO
GEÀmÅ@*zs™ÆZLèI!hÐ)é O]ÃEÄçÜÆZÏÃ]ÆñZ¬z_.™Š3D÷XZÏ
72 »**xLL¢Èóóc*LLróóìX!1¹Ð)4è
GOGEÀmÅ@*z&ÿGL"Y™ÆZ¹EÄ&B©ªî GGÆñZ¬z_. )3(
82 ™**eT÷X÷Z!í�tìāZDwäÌçZàZzggZi~ŧbèI )4(
116
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
'Z+Zzg%zzEx~¢ÈZzg_“aZ™äÅÃÒÅìÔZkaZ¹ÌçZàZzggZi~ŧb!1¹Ðê GO„¹Yñ
92 ÇXÀm~@*z&ÿGL"Y3!äÅZzgZÞ,œ~~Z4ŧb
u±äÅXt!*]ªCÙìāÀm~"Y@*zsz„¤/z{c*¿™Yì�=ÃœZ‰Ü»£gâ}ƒX3!ä-**ã�ãg¯c*Z#āçZàZzggZi~ä¡Òiªî EE
0-**yÅæÉÿ OF,Šh+ÅXÀmÅ@*zs™Æ-**ã�Ð_“»»x3!äHXçZàZzggZi~äZ+_“7ÅZzg:ZDwäÅìX°jg~è%Š}™ZDwÃâx™**eT÷²z{pŠge$ÅŠ-Zg6,9}÷X
3!-**ã�ÆH~2¸XZ,Vä-**ã�ZzgŒÛMãx]ÆÚÃÃZ0+ZiHZzg›yf‚Ã!3©3ï EEGGÔùZzgZ_OgÅY+$á‰Ô@*ëÂxä-**ã�ÅÝòJw:ÅZzg›„Å›zú~Z뙊ZgZŠZHXZÄ~ä
çZàZzg 13 ZsxÃ)ZsòÁÜÐ0*uHZzgZsòo}Å‚YbwÅXgZi~ä-**ã�Æ@*gz7Š1ŠbXZDwZsò„ЃŠx].h+f!�ÃLL±ZƒŠZ$ø
EILq¢óóë÷ZzgZk»‚B7ŠïX°jg~eZË‚]ŒZâg
ÆjZáÐg¶§Zi÷:�,œ~~ZDw丄è<ØèZsxZzg,~¢Èz_“™äŃÐic*Š{!*F,KMÃÒÅìXZy»ƒÐ(,Z»g**)tìāZ,VäZsòZ�]Å$h½5ÿ
GIGL].h+ÅìZzgz„
»xHì�œ-V¸øg}x!1¹Ð)4èGO
GEÂxZzgZÄ~ä23 Z�xŠc*åÔZ#-**ã,z‚bÅZ÷á®)ƒð¶X
tF,Àß@*W,Q¸g@*ìXeZËÒZ−+œjäeZË‚]ŒZâgÆÜ™Š{±;ZdÆ¿»tF,ÀHìXLL'z(„»g**)uZ�xŠc*6
216
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
œ-V¬øg}x!1¹Ð)4èGO
GE}ÂxZzgZÄ~ä-**ã‚bZzg�ÆÂxÔZÄ~ZzgçZàÐZDwÅx¹ 33 £«~Z�xŠ¶ÅÃÒŶXóó
GìpZyÐic*Š{gzòÐìXñÑ**GZ£ZºM!*Š~ä�Z£uy~Zzg÷á{zàZvÐZDwÅtŶK0+„ÌÅìX±;Zdäu±ÆjZáЖìā›$þ
JLŠ´Zzg,z‚bÅx]~”Zî7ìXt
ÑŠz§bÐqÝHYYì:c*ÂtLLU*"$óóHYñāè<Ø�HìÔz{|ìZzg,z‚b )1(ZÝ~ZkÐ5÷XX£â]6,Z%szÚaZƒÔz;V,z‚bÅF,Šh+ÅYñXc*tLLŠ3c*óóYñāè<ØÅZ¿,z‚bÆyZyÐZ )2(ìX˜V˜Vè<ØZyZñg6,¯x™@*ì�,z‚b»ñçq÷Âè<Ø»°›Òyz{7ƒ@*�,z‚b»ìªz{,z‚bŧb…t7C**eLāZyZâÅâ:HìXZk»°ŠZܹc*èI}ò÷c*z{@Ze$�ZyÐqÝ
43 ÅY$ËìX±;ZdÆ4,Šq-ZDw䪧iZCc*XÂxZzgZÄ~»Ì¸
§iåXz{-**ã�Ð%ú[7ZzgZ%sÅßg]~ZkÅF,Šh+ÅXZDwä̸HXZsò„Zzg].h+�~˜tÌìÔ&ZDwzZã
™D÷ZzgŠzâV~£â‹Z%szÚÌ÷˜VZDwÀmÅ"Y@*zs7™DÉ].h+�ÅF,Šh+™D÷XçZàZzggZi~ä̸HåX°jg~ä†Z?x0+z~ÅÂ[LLZâxgZi~óó»t]ÜHìāLLZâxçZàZzg
Oç˜VJ-LLEx&B©ªî GGóó 53 gZi~äyлxá™,z){ÅF,Šh+ÅXóóÆ‚BñZkz_“ÆaÀmÅ"Y@*zs»mìÔ3!äZ(
316
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
¢zgHìpÂxÔZÄ~ÔçZàÔgZi~ZzgZDwäZ(7HX°jg~t™D÷āZDw=ÃœZ‰Ü»£g7â…XZ+ßg]~ÀmÅ"Y@*zs»ÎZw„aZ7ƒ@*X°jg~ä‘Õä O)ZDwÆ!*g}~Q«!*'è÷X}˜÷:LLZLÃb)${ð
GO§iây(Ãu"ìGILt~6,FFŒÛZgŠ}™ZDw
ZÒŠÐ 63 ä',}VÆZÒŠZzgZsxÅzuZ+M~¢ÈÅÃÒÅìXóó¢È»Z²ZxùJwHYñāZDwä¹ìā:yŠƒðìiâyzkVÅi**g~&:ìiâV:kV!Æä MS[SÆäOZvX°jg~»!í�ìā!1¹Ð)4è
GOGEÀmÅ
@*zs™ÆZLèI›]ÃEÄçÜÆZÏÃ]zgD**]ÆñZ¬z_.™Š3D÷XZkÆ%‘ÐêL¯x»${ð
GOg7ƒYXt‘ÐêL¯xìÂZDw!1¹Ðê
GO7÷XçZàä…ƒDƒñ-**ã�ÃgŠHXZDw䓸çLq¢ÆJZ:�»ÂhHìXZDwë÷ā:}.ZŠZ0+āâ"5å EEL',Z�&/**§Zzp"6,zZ$mo-ê
EIGXt
Z´yzZŒÛZgÌHìā~䓸çLgzZVÆ÷Æ£.ÞZvZºÅMzZi—Å73 ìÔ!*ÇZϧb‰X“¸çL@Æ£«~gzòäMzZ¯ZfZy—ŶX
5555DDD °jg~˜÷ā–wцZÔZDwM:æEL/~�Ûâc*™D¸
ZzgeZˇè†Z?Æ–wz{¹™D¸āZ,VäzgZV$~AƒñizZ›ó{ZzgŠgz7Ã[îg6,KÆa,J1ZzgzgZ(¢ÆZm]~[Z+ÑwÃwç MsHXZL!í�ÃU*"$™äÆa°jg~äZ+Ñw»�eJç9ZHìz{$zgìZzgèÃg{Ò**]Å7VТo7ƒeXsÃZk!*]Æā¬Òy»jZ!**åìZzgŠzu}Òy»jZ!Šc*„7ŠHÔÎZwtìāZDwÆ’k,~Ò**]ÃÃZ0+Zi™Æ)D“ª]ÃØZ@»ŠgzŠb¾uJ-ëwzoƒìXZDwäZL¨gz„6,LP}7èñXz{ŠCÙe$Ãg™zZ:MñZzgzmrÃF,u™ÆZsòrÆ‘Ðê M',ŠZg¶XZ,V
416
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ä›çÑ}~ñ�Š!3{ð GOÃ:ZzgèIgzZc*]zgD**]6,̨gHZzgZ¹Z&bÔ0*c*XZDwäZsòZzg)ZsòZ°gzÃc*]6,÷~ó{eZàZzgT
¢J-ãz{ZKVwM\ìX].h+7,J–¡f!„Ð%ú[zŠgåXZDwäz{HÂhŠc*XZÄ~ÔçZàZzggZi~ä-**ã�»ÂhHåXZkZ±g
ÐZÄ~ZzgçZàŧbZDwÃ!1¹Ðê GOIgzZìÔp°jg~ÆÒy™Š{0‹‘ÐêL¯xÆÚø~‘Õä O)ZDw!1¹Ðê
GO7÷ÔZkaZDwÃLL…÷á²óó„IecT6,ÔZ3ÿXL,ÉÔ™xÈDzŠZø»Z·tìX
°jg~ä–ìā,zxÃáZŠs'Z_O§„ìZzgZÏZ_O§„Æ!*)ZDwÃOñ!1¹Ðê GOÆ…ŒY@*ìX,z¯xÆŠgxy�8ûELZqÐi
ZDwè<ØÆ!*g}~Zq-,gnp÷Ô 83 ìz{�ÅZ0+gzã„ìXZka!1¹Ðê
GOZzg…÷Xz{�Æ]ãCŠ~)bаn™D÷ZzgZCZq-ÂÄ„Z2Zg™D÷XtcMg„ìāz{ÂÄ„%"ìGOEìc*)%"ìGOE@*ëz{§ŠZ]Ð0*uZzgœzZ2ZgìXZkÂÄ„Å!*]™äЬtŠ9¢zg~ìāZ„k°jg~Æ0*kZ,ÃyÐØZ@÷Xů6,z{ZDwÆ…ƒä»Zïg™D÷X
6666°jg~˜÷āZDwpŠÃ…B**I7™DXZÃg~�Å
#¿™D÷ZzgZЛâVÆa¢gg‚VKѸXZyŠæV»�Z[#¿÷á²~ÅÌÅìZzg 93 tìāZDwpŠÃ÷á²B**ÌI7™D¸X
pZkÆ!*z�ŠZDwG÷ᲸXZDwZq- 04 ZТgg‚VÌŒÛZgŠc*ìXZnÆ÷á²ZzgZq-ZnÆ…¸XZ,VäÄz,Å°pÌÅ
ZDwäLL÷á•çLætóóZzg 14 ìZzgZK÷á²~2„ÃÆZzg¼k,‚iÌŒÛZgŠc*ìXp!1¹Ðê
GOƒä»Šúò7HÔÉZÅ;5é XGW]Ð 24 LLŠZ**ñgZióóƒä»ŠúòHìX
516
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
34 ic*Š{©Æi0+{é]ƒä6,izgŠc*ìX°jg~Å„CÙziãŠ?tìāZDw»ÃðÂÄ„7ìX˜÷
āLLË¿»,z{„~Âxƒ@*ì&z{[Z+Ñwů6,y™@*ìX,Hƒ@*ìZzgH7ƒ@*Zk6, 44 ZDwäZkâq»„~Âx77HXóó
Z3ÿXL,»Z·t7ìXh]~ZDwäZL„ÃZq-ÂxÅÌŠ~ìZzg[Z+ÑwлxÌ1ìÔ@*ë°jg~…ƒäÆaŠz'×h+ÑZ_»
ZzgŠzxtāZÐè<Ø 54 ZŸ†™D÷XZÍwtā[Z+ÑwÃ7Àê MMâ**YñX°jg~»ZŠ¬tìā 64 ÆŠÃq~:',@*YñÔzg:z{‘ÐêL¯xƒYñÇXóó
ZDwaè=ì7â…Zzgè<Ø»ŠÃq™D÷ÔZkaz{…7É!1¹Ðê
GO÷X°jg~ÆŠÑbzØZ@»â°¸ìXZ[ãCŠ~îg6,ŠzÎZÑ]aZƒD÷XªtāZ#ZDwZsòÃb„Ãâ…÷°jg~ZyÅ„~Z‚kf[~YVˆl™D÷?ŠzuZtāT§bŠ´�ÃZq-{m**xÅMhá™°jg~�Ð{g`™Šï÷Zϧb].àâŠ"ìGOGÆ�Ã].1C,È™c*ÃðZzg**xŠ}™�Ð{g`YV:™Šc*Yñ?
ZDw›yçÑ}~aZZzg�ZyƒñXtZq-8jèELZ·tìXZkÆZW,Z]Šzggk¸X@*ëZDwäZC,ZzgZC\xgz„ƳHX÷á²~ÆZŠzZgZzgZyÆf6Zg»ÐZkÅÂ}ƒCìXZ#z{Zq-{m$©�î EG
0ÃJ-V‰ÂZЄ~ÂxÆîg6,7HXz{ZsxÆzWÚøZ]ÆŠZ],}~gTƒñ¢Æ‚BMÐ(,_÷XeZ˱†ZvÆZÖp~LLz{}.ZÅ�Ƣк÷ZzgZKÕÃZkÆ"gÆZgŠ¤/Š;Šï
Z[ZëXt7ìāZDw…÷c*!1¹Ðê GO÷ÔÉZëXtìāZy 74 ÷Xóó»,ßìc*9ìXeZË·g<Z−+˜÷:
LLt|āZq-…ÆZ+Ñw»M¸iZzgZ�x8©3©ïG
GGGL»Ñ]»
616
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
Zq-z].Zã${ðG
Ogƒ@*ì�ZkÆf‚~¬„Ðñ�Šƒ@*ìÔ…ÆZ+ÑwÅ‚Ã¥™ŠîZzgZkÅ¡Zzg°Ä¡»ê™ŠîìXZ¤/Zk»${ð
GO§|߃ÇÂZkÆZ+Ñw
ÅßDèZÍw„ßg¿YñÏÔTƈZk»‚gZZ+ÑwpZ{ZkÅŠ-ZgW,c*J-¬Yñ߃YñÇ'pZ¤/Zk»${ðG
O§|9ƒÂz{Zk${ðG
OgÃZzg»Ñ]Æd›ëÃ�ZkÆiâ:J-Šgc*ă`ƒVǧbÐ&ƒÂZk»Z+Ñw9ƒ@*ìZzgtÓxd›ëM‚ãÆ‚BZkÆÂÄÕ~ZK(0*D÷'|»Ñ]Æ${ð
GOgÅŠg4ZzgŠg„
.ZkÆ‚g}ÂÄÕÊg„™CìZzgZkÆ‚B‰Z,**x.Šd›ëÃÌŠg„™CìXÅ**Šg4ZÌ
84 MDgZ:ƒðƒXóótZq-|ìā…Æf‚~|»Zq-z].Zã${ð
GOg¬Ð
ñ�Šƒ@*ìTÅãCŠ6,z{ZCÂÄ„7™@*ìXtz].Zã${ðG
Og9c*߃YìX].àâŠ"ìGOG»,|»Ñ]Æ9${ð
GOgÐëM}7ìXZDwäZk�»ßƒ**Z[Zq-d| 94 3291Y„~ZkÅ**Šg4MDgZ™Š~¶X
ìX°jg~˜÷āLLŠ*ñï~Z�ÛZŠÃ7Š¬Y@*Ãc*]ÃY™Y@*Z·ZÅÃbÃYiÆa°jg~ÅøDèfsŠzMgZ‡&ÿELÂz÷: 05 ìXóóZ·ZÅçÑ}~çÙ)zZ]‡ì™Š~ˆìZzg )1(
15 ƒzZ¡w»{Ø™Šc*ŠHìXZkp~Ãf‚d™¢8¢zg~ìāZ½¦Z5u»${ð
GOg )2(
25 ].h+e$»Zq-ãCŠ~“3¸ç ELF,0ÌìXZ[].àâŠ"ìGOG»,�ZKñ] 35 z‰ÜäZyMgZÃßU*"$™Šc*X
716
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
M\%ŠHì°jg~Æ4,Šq-,ìZzgZDw»Zsò„�›âVÅ$™-.çG
GLâZzgZK+MÅ�]»ŸðìÔZyÆ4,Šq-,7ìX°jg~Æ4,Šq-].àâŠ"ìGOGÆ�äŠzu}�VÃ�Ð{g`™Šc*ì²ZÐZLZyZ`»XŠg7ìX
7777Z„k°jg~äцZÔZzg‡è†Z?Æ–w‘Õä O)ZDw
Æ�“ª]ÜK÷ZyÆOñZDwÆøDèfsÒyÃÔZyÆ…ƒäÆÚø~ÔŠ9ecX4âÞ1391YÅ÷áxÃZ&+c*΂ÌßyÆZ°kÐæ[™DƒñZDwä¹:
LL"—÷}ZÃg~Z)bÆ0‘:ìÑ]ñ�Š÷p÷ZÃð±z%"ìGOE,7ìÔZ%,ÆZq-
Zª§]ˆZ>]Æ‚B={mŠpg„ìX~ZKyÆ÷á0+ZgZzgŠgìVw6,¢¢g‚rƒVZzg÷Z
o{ìāZKyÂÄ»Ñ]~Zq-xKÅwqÝ™äÅ&6Vо{zgìXto{÷}ìÑ]zZ°g
45 ~M\ÃÀ˜Yg~z‚g~ÃMñÇXóóZkZ½kÐøDèfsZñgŶK0+„ƒCì:
)1(¯ÄZDw~Z)bÆ0‘:ìÑ]ñ�Š÷XцZÔä–ìāLL!*&ëEYLŠgZÆù´~(,~Ò]Б:
twˆÆùúV6,$+g<îE0Z?™ŠtM@*ìXZuZ§pŠ~Æ 55 ZÃgX÷XZôm,~F,3~÷áïZDw»zŸ‚â^ÔZy»ó£!LL¡Òiªî EE
0YóóZzg¡¾æ ELZsò
Å$h½5ÿGI
GL].h+6,ZyÆh]ÔZôm,~�~Ô{Ø,ìXZDwƯÄÄz�~�Æ9)b6,ZDwÅMgZñ�Š÷X
816
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
)2(�ÆZq-ZÔ§]ˆ]ÔÆ‚BZDwÅSàŠpìXZÒ…ËZq-Z„ÅãCŠ6,�g÷X}».$Wè=Zzg',}V
${ðG
O§iâyÆjZáÐXZDwÅSàŠp§]ñ]ÔZKyÆ÷á0+ZgwZzg»Ñ]~ZkÅŠzZòwÆ‚BìXt${ð
GOgZ]ÛpŠ~Ð
a}ƒñ÷�ZDw»%œ/~,ìX°jg~äLL§]ˆ]óóÆi%æGLÄZy–ìāZDwäLL™sZÖp~çŠZzgƒˆZ>]»Zïg™Šc*
°jg~»Zœ¬ìāLL~ËZ6,ï™DƒñÓxØZ@à 65 ìXóóstìāZÒŠúîVŧb°jg~ 75 ‚tgÄ™ZKgZñ‡ì™@*ƒVXóó
»tŠúòÌ"ãCŠìX°jg~|ÃZÚ%zhŠï÷ā³',@',Mæƒ@*ìX)3(–wZDwZy»,%"ìGOEz
!3ŠêEEO7ìX
9…Z,÷āZ,VäZCÂÄ„[Z+ÑwÆ‚B%"ìGOEßg]~7HìXZDwZy\VÐZZzgŸi÷XZZysV~÷āZ,VäZL,ÃÚZzg±Z+ÑwÆ‚B77HXZDwä
ZL¨gz„Æ}ò7K÷�Ä~(Æ!*)i',Š„@*|ÆqïZDw»ZqÐitìāZy»·Z7Šg„ìZzg9·Z7Å› ÷X9�ÃÀŠîìXß·Z-VÅ›Ðß�aZƒD÷X
»${ðG
O§|Šg„ìÔZÏaM`J-ÆŠgc*Ä”{d›ëZk~ ZDwƒñ÷X7ÉwÆd›ëÌZk~ÈñYà ÈñŒÛMÈœ6,&åGO',Æ!*)ZDwÅg‚ðZy›ëJ-̃ðì�ZÌ ÐX
eZË·g<Z−+Æ–wLLw~ 85 Šzu}™xÈ„6,ªCÙ7ƒñX7g~â»ZKãÃZLŠZð~hezZÑZzgi0+ÏÆÃ~ZzgiUîVÆa7g~gzÝàäzZÑ¡Òiªî EE
0ZsxÜsZq-„ìZzgz{¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~ìX¸z{
916
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
|ìTů6,ZDwÃtIid$Šêì:95 LLˆ¾gZi}āòÍ*:&½©ï EYEG&¡¾æ
ELð™§p:?óó
ZDwÆ${ðG
O§|Ã9îg6,KzZÑ…Ô¡Òiªî EE0ZDwÃ%"ìGOEz±
~7™YìXZ+Zq-»x[ÃÒeZË·g<Z−+äÅìXOçZyÅcāMgZ"LL7À.ïGLZDwóóÅßg]~Z[¡Òiªî EE
0ZDw%"ìGOEz±îg6,Ìñ�ŠìX
8888,HìZzgH7ì?Zk»ç™DƒñZ„k°jg~»Z0+Zi
ƒŠHìXz{[Z+ÑwÃ�ÅÑoIZD÷Zzg=à (dogmatic) Zœ¬ðœZ‰Ü»£gëZ**eT÷XZ¤/=ÃœZ‰Ü»£gâ**YñÂZk»™sÈtìāœZ‰Ü»Ãð£g7ìX».$䓨ÿ
GLZ+ÑàÐ=Å
**g‚ðU*"$ÅìXZ+Ñà�Æ!*g}~Yye-~ä–ì:LLXç5]Ð�Ãc¶ÔZy~°‘Â[g8-å7ÔZkaZkäx^ÆbCÙ}»–gZ1'Zk§bꊰ¶VZzg!*Ññ‚³Z+ÑwÆZk@*xÄxäÀ1�¹ÐßÍVÃ�„Ðe™ŠêìpZkÆg(îVÃZk~Zq-{mæÃMCìXZkÅßg]™D™DŒVJ-âā,Dah~Z˜q]»bCÙ{Ô!*wÅ3wï%
zZàyZzgŠ±ziŠÑbz',Z�Å¡{gYßgÂVÐZq-06 ÑL‘»**x0™g{ŠHX
�ÅËZq-°p6,Z3ÿXL,»Z·t7ìX;Z£œj˜÷āÅÃð°pZ+7T6,ƒ»Z·tƒnX�~ZkA$èìw LL�
ZzgèZ<Øè„0*ñYD÷ÔX~ÐCÙZq-ZLiZz›ó{Ð�ÊÚÅ
026
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
6,zWœjä‰kA$èìwų™Š{°=ÒyÌ 16 ÃÒ™@*ìXóó�ʼnZë°d]»Zq©¼ŠZ3ÿXL,Zzg™xÈDäH 26 Å÷X
Zkг¸À_ìā�Å°p6,Z3ÿXL,»Z·t7ìXZ+ 36 ìXßg]~�ÆãCŠ~pŧsg�q™**»gMæƒÇXZ„k°jg~LLZDw»‘ÐêL¯xóóÆM¸i~˜÷:
LLÂè,-**ãZÑÝìZzgÎ5)ŠZø(ZzgS_)›(Ð%“ìXZk»pìLŠZøÅ›óXtF,I¢45é E
GI¨g_ä
zäŶXÑzqÑzq~…»Z:tCÙZk¿6,ƒ@*å�™8ïELù]ZzgyŠqƒXóó�ÆZkãCŠ~|xÆZ±gÐZDw…÷XZDwyŠq„7
ŠZ**ñgZiÌ÷XZyÆ™8ïELù]ƒäÐZïge7ìXz{}.ZÐ�ÅpV°¶VÅgzÐ 46 Mgizq÷āLL%Zâ§ù]¬x™Š}Xóó
ZDw…÷X°jg~äÌPZq-°d‹,Šg`Å÷ÔZy~Љt÷:
,zZãîg6,gz„™äÅxÃÒ»**xìXZKy z@8-,ç EGE:¨gz„Å$+zªZLx@Z]zŠ!*]~:Üsg*zmaZ™@*ìÉZ¹Zq-p&Ì¿ì&ëZkÆ¡Òiªî EE
0§]»**xŠï÷X,¡›ëÃ${ð
GOg™äÅÃÒ»**xìX ‘Õä O)ZDw:
,»»x…Zk!*]Ð!*™**ìāi0+ÏÆ£œ ',R,hgË:56 H÷XZDwM:æEL§]J-gz„™DgìXZ,VäCÙqÅ|ÃY+
66 ÅÃÒÅeìz{bCÙ»Ñ]ƒVÔZܹ${ðG
OgZ]ƒVc*èImZ]XZDw»${ð
GO§pŠ~Šg|i0+Ï»,ìXZDwä›ë»${ð
GOgHZzgi0+ÏÆ
126
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
Üs…7É 76 £œÃzZãHXZyÚøZ]ÅgzÐZDw…÷X—0*t…÷X¸zzìāŠ*Æ›y™xÈDZzg)›Z3ÿXLŠZøä…ÅwÐZDwÃ÷á0+ZgZÖp~yZ•d7HìX
eZËZÑçÆ4,Šq-LLz{àz‰Ü…Ô(„ŠZyÔW@Ô[ÔeZËMYZ−+=Š~ÆZq-£á»ÄZyì: 86 ¬gsZzg
!-B{úNGELOZsx÷Xóó
eZˆZh˜÷āLLZDwZq-Z, 96 LL)].h+»x!¨¾æ EOZzg…ÔZDwXóó07 ŠZ›g¸�ZKZq-{m±„gnpÔZÏaZyÃ!¨¾æ EOZzg…I9ƒÇXóó
eZËZ.Š@*gÑyÆZÖp~LLZDwZyHg{LzÃVÐqŠ+Zsxä„z,Åc~zZHìÔZLzW6,z!*wMÃt~;™M�yÅ—~6,Y
ßk³e$4-÷GGE—ìāLLÍZDwãCŠ~îg6,÷á²ìpz{Zq-… 17 àìXóó
ÌìXZkaZyÅ&]~÷á²~Zzg,»Yxzf6‚BÃM@*37 6,zW~MiZŠZDwÃZq-zWZ‹¬ÝZzg…ŒÛZgŠï÷X 27 ìXóó
6,zWZ}XZXMg',~Æ4,Šq-LLZDwÅÑ«%ûLZuZ§pŠ~óÅ6,zWZ}MgZ&Òjè GE 47 Z÷á®)ÐMDgƒðXtÃgÏ~‘:×�ìXóó
˜÷āLLZDwÂg~Š*@*g+÷ GELZKãÆxF,+÷á²zVZzg\V~Ñg
57 ™CìXóó9999
Z3ÿXL,Æ4,Šq-ÌZDw…÷Zzgz{ZDwÅ‘:ÑÆ̱2+k,*i~ 67 ‡b÷XeZ˱;ZdäZ¹LLx…÷á²óó¹ìX;Z£œj 77 LLZDwÅÑè„óóÆi%æGLÄZyZyÆ�Ãi%æGLcÑD÷X
87 ZDwÅ‘:÷á²~ÃZ°gÅÑZzg&83ïGGLZÖgÅ$+zªuZT÷XцZÔ 97 eZË',;yZ£Ãgz¹Æ4,Šq-LLZDwÅwZq-…÷á²ÅìXóó
, xV·ÑpÆ4,Šq-ZDwÅ÷á²~Zzg 08 䡾æ ELZDwÃ!�ŒÛZgŠc*ìX
226
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
·G�˜÷: 18 ŠzâV—÷X÷á²~,Å$+zªZzg,÷á²~ů6,XIqbal is undoubtedly the greatest Muslim Philosopher
of the present century, and his philosophy has an
inspiration and a message unique in the history of
human thought.82
eZË·g<Z−+Zq-¬Ó:Y,}Æ8iïELfsgZñ»ZÖgzZ´y™D÷:
ZDwÆfg=Њg]äZq-Z,,Ã%ŠZgHìTÅgzÝ~:Üsf[Æñ�Š{ß�V»»°Zzg÷á°�Z[ZzgZ8w!*Å©ðGO{ñ�Šìɸ,ì�MЙ7g~â»ZKã
38 »,“WzZÑìX
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔª!*[>ZyLLZDwZq-!1¹ÐêGO÷Xóó 1X2X
} 3XÒ¤gtÆ4,Šq-LLt8jèELóÆÎZZzg¼7āZDw (i)
!¨¾æEOZzg…÷ᲸXóó)�:ê
EXLZDwÔ™65(
@*gZ`g2ÏäZDwÆ…ƒä»ZïgHìX (ii)(Iqbal in Final Countdown. P-85)
àk,¼gä‡èYzh+»ZÚz-LLkBóóÆZŠ!Ô6,÷áù (iii)HåXZkÅŠzuìV÷XLLçZàÔZDwZzgZÑç…7ܸXóóLL7g~›@*gõ~ËZq-…»**xÌ7MXóó
¡¾æE
LZDwÔцZÔÔ™427X 4XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ•gZ‹¡¾æ
ELZDwÔáÀeZËZŒgZ£œjÔ™501 5X
326
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
ZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™91 6XZgèÈsi»My~Äì:Z¤/°›À~ƒVÂíÐâzgZHì?&%}u) 7X;ñâÅZ•Hì?LL.yóó'уgÔ�ÑðZ~4791YÔ™04 8XŸiŒä–ìāLLZuZgzgñiTßg]~ZDwÆÐhìz{‘: 9X7B$ËXZ(MlZ0+Zi�»7ƒZ™@*XZDwät7¹ā‚b»_·
ZYìÔÉt¹ìā‚b»_·™zXt7¹ā�¶¿ÐZKãi0+Ïk�ìÉt¹ìā�¶¿aZ™zXóó)ZDwçÜ#èGELÅÃ~X%"0î GOEz‡gxÔ™73(Šg|ZDwät¹Ììā‚b»_·ZYì:i0+Ï4Z„zZŸt
–&b$›Ðê ELZÑzMÃt–XZzgt̹ìā:„ÕgZ}.Z;.ç EGLM&CÙ—
Z,ígZ|qX)\Äæt:æ¾(ZϧbZDwtÌë÷āLL¿Ði0+Ïk�ì¼AÌ3ÌXóóZzgtÌāLL(,ñYtÃÓ¤/ZVÂh™XóóOçZDw»
,Ã~ÌìZzgiÌXZϧb–w±z‡gxLLZDw…Zkp~÷āZ,VäZL#¥c*‡g~Ãi0+Ï»Zq-%1oÔ±Zzg‰QVÐZq-åZzgi,Šc*ìXóó)ZDwÔ÷á²Zzg…™41(
The place of God, Man and the Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:eZË@{Ây»ó£!: 01XUniverse in the Philosophic System of Iqbal
ZDw»¡Òiªî EE0pŠ~¡Òiªî EE
0§]ìOçZKãi0+ÏÆ]Uøw©ÔZÜtÔ 11X(„ÔçÑ]Zzg‚bz){Ðc™@*ìX,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:
(ZDw»Ã›pŠ~ÔeZˆZh ii (7À.ïGLZDwÔeZË·g<Z−+) i)™xÈDÅÂzeLìX Is religion Possible ZDw»[ 21X
Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»D¯xÔ,]03Ô15 31X,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔh‹ZDw6,Zq-ÃÔ,]11@*312™52 41X
ZkK~×cƒ_ì@*ë°jg~ʼnŠzu~MgZ6,Zq-ÃeZ%~ 51XÃðw`7Xz{˜÷:
ZDw‚bÅZXŠZ]ÐÌÜZg÷XOçYzh+**ó~�Và )1(çÑ{7HìZkŃÐ(,~S¤¸ìāZk~Š-á7ì)ZDw»D¯xÔ™602(
426
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ZDw‚bÆZkaÌ#³÷āZkʼnZXŠZ]h•Zzg )2(n„»!*)̃C÷:7À./õGÃ-ÒZ⤊&!*Â)Zi¡¾æ E
L5ä~0+ZŠX)Zs,]602X702(QçÑ}Æ»çVÐZzgQZz[ÆìqСZka )3(ܽÃ7HYYā0VÅÞÐc¾{z@*gƒYñÏX).yÔуgÔ†g~�Ûzg~4791YÔ™54(ZDw»Z˜tìāz{‚³çÑ}Å5ŠgzVZzgZyÐzZh )4(·Z-V»‚o™äЇÜZzg¬bgì÷Zkac*Âz{âè~C{eð&+D÷c*õZzgŠyÆÌÇD÷c*Z,çÑ}~�ÛZgÆpZ;V÷˜Vz{Š-áÐôpg{ÃX).y:�ÑðZ~4791YÔ™13(
‚³çÑ}Å5ŠgzVZzgZyÐzZh·Z-VÅS‡&ÿEL¨gìXÎZwtìāZÝ£[ZKãçÑ}»ªxìc*‚³çÑ}»XŠzu}/V~‚bZKyÆaìc*ZKy‚bÆaXŠ-�ZKâVÆa$ƒVÂHZy6,ZK+MÃŒÛ!*y™Šbec?ÍŠzDÙZgÆZzZy~Š*䊬āZuZ¢VÃðZzgÛ`/VöK:¯DgìXHt¡¾æ E
L5ä~7ì?Š-0VÐc¾{z@*gƒÂHZЂ³çÑ}Æ**x6,Jw™1Yñ?
¡¾æE
L5ä~ZzgMߊϬÅêLZK+MÆa¡÷**u)b÷X¬@ZŠZgÒ¡Åg7gÆ_.LLMߊÏÆ!*)CÙ‚w&™zhZ�ÛZŠZhuƒYD÷X®ZŠÀ%äzZßVÅ&aåðìXóóXàzV~(,~®ZŠ~¸g~×÷z;VZKâV»�Šz½ƒŠHìXŠ*ÆŠg<îE0wZg]~ZŸ±Ð6)bÀágì÷XZzizy~ÎgZc™ÒZgnÆaç**uìXZkäÏZpÏuV6,0*È~»ZˆkaZHXM!MߊÏЊVÉM!Yâghuƒgì÷X¸g~
ØV䡾æ EL5ä~ZzgcðÔM!2iFMߊÏÃÀŠc*ìX¡¾æ E
L5ä~ZzgMߊϬbz‡ÜÔ ZKãi0+ÏZzg�d$Æaç}ƶKy÷XZyÅ×e$™**ZzgZDwÃ
âè~C{eð&+äzZÑZzgõZzgŠyÆÌÇäzZÑr$+ÁìXZDw‚³F,¹Æqò÷pZÐZܹ·Z7Æ�geT÷XZDw˜÷āLL)q¢»ZKyZ¤/QÐz{Zܹf)ŠZg~ZVnÇ�EÄ].h+{
526
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
Æ›zúäZk6,eZwg¿ìÂÜsè<ØÅ$+zªX-4ZkÆZ0+gZZyz¢ÅZkª»Z§ƒÇTÅ$+zªz{Zki0+Ï~Zq-,aZ™D
)ú].h+ZÅ;5é XG‹ZsðÔ™292( ƒñMЙZÐôpZzg',ŒÛZggÄnÇXóóZDwÆ�ZÃgZ„k°jg~äÜK÷Zzgq9»¶K:¯c*ìÔ)ZDw 61X»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]791X891(øDfs÷:
ZÝZzbÉåEO‹ZXŠ– 7À.ïGLZâ�ÛāiZŠ–Z,÷ZiŠïGLâZëŠ{Z„ (Z¤/|›ViZŠ{Z„quÒø
IZ�ÛÐV',ŠZ]45å IGE ŠZ:MVõZ$h45éEIGEV»]45å IGE
!*iÂlÁāZzZi‡½â„ Z,6,~Zi]4pî IGI0èZs½â„ª7À.ïGLZâ�ÛRVÅŠ+7ìXÕZâÉåEO‹ZXŠÆÎZ¼Zzg7ìX9!*]tìāZЛâVäaZHìXtz{ñCì�øg};BФ/ZƒZìX7À.ïGLZ⻊Z:›âVä1c*TÅ�ÛRVä×X7À.ïGLZâÅ6,~»møg}ZssÆjÐìÔZЊz!*g{Dg™áXóóHt‚³ZXŠZ]Æ´z{Ã~‚bÅzZãS7ì?ZDwÃZ¤/Z%sìÂ5ä~„ÐìZzgZyZŠZg2·Z-VÐì�ÑŠ+�d$Åú™D÷XOçZ†Äì:
iZVāZz!*Z3ÿXLhŠZgŠUn pZi�d$ÑŠ¶¤/m,)pÑŠ+�d$Ф/m,™āz{Z3ÿXLhÆ‚BŠ#gBbì(;gzyZ°æÆ»ÝÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔgzi**)kB!ígQ01âÞ0002Y 71XZDwä1191Y~–åāLL…Q½6,Ì¢zgZKÂzÜs™ãecÔ� 81X÷~gZñ~Zd½ÐÌic*Š{¢zg~ìXQ½Ð¬)ÜëÅZOŠ~qª‡OCìXpQZzggC½šËZܹF,šMÆÔOñpŠ»°z$½3§ö
GE
7ìX'ZOŠ!*bÔŠc*-$ŠZg~Ô0*È„Zz‡]Zzg¬zyz{ZOŠ~Zz™s÷�'g]®Å',Z',Å�h÷Xóó)£Ñ‹ZDwÔ,]281X381(
ZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]03Ô05 91Xqàä–ìāLLu±äZÒZßà)b~3!Åcz~ÅXcZ`Zzgþ
IL 02X
œgÆ*yÃgzc*6,úwHX-yc*Z+ÆÂÆ0�Ûâc*āZkÐÃðz�Š{g`ùZÑKy%ZŠ7ìÉpŠZKy~�$©ø
EELZ$é Og{c*¢ðGO‹(;-.0î EXGGìz{
626
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
%ZŠìX5a-Zzg5ÀÐÃð].Z‘tZKyÐ!*ÑF,%ZŠ7É}.Z¬\ä�Z¸òZKŠg‹»nÐâŠ}~zŠ<K÷z{%ZŠ÷Ô‰NhzVÅ&"$Ô0*ã»cyÔŠg½V»%Ô',tÅ‹_.[zŠ«z){XMŠxZzg5ÀZzg
Z+»r�ŒÛMy~ÒyƒZìÔËzZ§Å7ìÉZq-šìTÆcZñ~ZKyÅ¡]ZzgZkÆ_.!*]Zzg‹(;-.0î EXGGÔZkÅ',ZðZzgŠ#ÃÒyHŠHìXŒÛMy~ÃðÂ7TÐ|]‘4fõ GW»0!*\ÆaZƒ**Zzgi0+{M�y6,ZVc*Y**U*"$ƒ@*ƒ'}.Z¬\ÅfZ]zÌ]ZzgZ�zZdwÆ
0�¼ŒÛMyZzgu(V~ÒyƒZìz{ƒ~$þGLWizZ7g{ÆÒyƒZìXZϧbçŠ)ªƒzíÔ[zÂ[ÔöZyzÜZoÔ¼AzŠzicz){(Æ0�¼Mc*ìz{ƒWi6,úwì'zkËZ½c*‡œ)ª�Û(Å
z‚¦Ð**iw7ƒCÉpŠlŠZq-qZkÆŠwÐZÀìZzgZÏ6,¤/CìXŒÛMy~Xc*ZEÆZÖpÐ|ƒñc*Nh~õZðßv%ZŠ÷'XzZu]Ãßv7{B¸z{Šg|7Z]:¸ÉZ,zZu]¸�_$þEL‡âÈŠg]ÆzZ§ƒñ¸Xóó)Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ§‹Yzh+Ô,](Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]171@*671 12XZDw˜÷āLLËè<Øc*¸xÆŠ2gZÅ™)ÿzÃg~!*mçãˆl™**c*!*m 22X|xaZ™**ZÝ~ZkŠ2gZÅ™)ÿÃ*™ŠbìXóó)ZDw**)XzZÍwÔ™53(Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔgñi"pŠ~ 32X�Zƒ“{~ZvÅi!*yйì:ÂM!*z{vg}„1?Hƒ&;B6,;B 42XŠO}$43�ç
EGEL�ÛŠZƒ
ZÓÄuÆaZzg�§%:ŒVPZÃgÜKYD÷: 52XZKŠ*M\aZ™Z¤/i0+zV~ìaçLOMŠxìt-.ç
EGLÁ°Vìi0+Ï!
i0+ÇãÅ|Ã3½è XEÆŠwÐ7b�ñc.çILGzBz_5ëEYL¤/ZVìi0+Ï!t{~SÅì²dS~ì!7™¸…¿ÃðZ¤/Ší~ì!
)8¸çEELgZ{:!*&ëEYLŠgZ(
726
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
>œÔ¿øÔ›Ã+÷GL¬Ý
˜›i0+Çã~÷t%ŠzVÅc,¿Ði0+Ïk�ì¼AÌ3Ìt{ÅZK¡]~:âg~ì:**g~ì
)ƒ»Zsx:!*&ëEYLŠgZ([øìF,ZizñÁzµ3ýGL§]F,~öZVìѧHz÷áxZÌ
)!*&ëEYLŠgZ:™813(ZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™171 62XLL.yóó'�ÑðZ~3791YÔ,]92Ô03 72X82XLL.yóó'�ÑðZ~4791YÔ™63 92X
,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ›„»Zg»Ô¾±Ô,]24@*54 13XZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™71X 23XZDwÅâZÅŒ43š5é EGG]ÔáÀeZËÒZ−+œjÔ™51 33XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔLLZD1]óó�Ñðm4991Y,]351X451 43XZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]93Ô971 53X63X—§h)9(DZgèÈsiÔŠzâVg!*ÈVfs~Šg`÷: 73X
ƒÒgêL‘ÐêLq¢gZ]½o-êIG
g1ŠxŠZ:zŠZê±mo-êYG
}.ZŠZ0+āâ#è',Z�/**§Zzp"6,zZ
$h4gêEIG
!�Vgzò"ŠgwxŠZŠxZfZVðZizMñ»RuZ§YVð/Šz§X“¸çL@Zz/Šz§X“¸çLgzZVð
°jg~ÆÚø~!*]ÅYñÂ[Z+Ñw�Zzgx~œuìXZy 83XÆ–wLLæÜDóó,ìX)ZDw»D¯xÔ™31(
‘ÕäO)ZDwÆjZáÐ!*]ÅYñÂLL¯xаŠåè<Ø6,‘:WXóó826
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
7ìā'&åJLè<ØÅr˺m Scholasticism ZDw»IìāLL¯xÔ�ÐÅYñ6ā\¯xаŠåX¬ÅêLZsx~¯xаŠåè<Ø6,‘:WXQZkÆ)bÌDzÕÆ)b¸X'Z+7¸āZy~=ÃÞŠ4:ƒ@*óó)ZDwÆ—gÔ™111(‘ÕäO)ZDwÆtP¿°jg~Æ
Z+Ñw»eJç¤/ZŠ¶Æa»°÷XøDfsZÃg~XJDe$ìÔ-ºVZzgc*gzVÆÜs�ZDwà 93X÷á²zV~Ñg™D÷:
)āD¯ÒjèIELgZ¯].h+(
:|íZiZV%›�ÛzŠ„ā',ð(:.ï
GXGLÄzKn
)—§g‚ªDZgèÈsi(ðZ}(.çGLZ5ŠZŠZiÂpZë%Zc*gZVç¦Z䯊0+
5±<Ô¢ƒæÅÄLL^�ç ILYóó'2LL.È[óó»tÄ: 04XTÐmZfŠ{ƒz{!*›HH ÷á²ÅâZƒāo»Ñƒ
�gVwÜsŠzZÃgŠg`KYD÷: 14X
)™¬DKèŒÛ\(,zÄÅZzg|ìHw½'.5é
GEO&È:Ãgz',z!
)%››yD¢ƒæ(‘W÷%~»g¶î YL„~ZÜáZLlgÆ*g}ÃÂTy!
LL�ÛâÈ}.Zóó)!*Áƒs(~ë÷:�d$èâ~»g§]4pî IG¤/ZVì&Z0+Zi†V 24X÷á•çLætÃ2ŠzZzgLLZgèÈsióóÅZq-g!*¦~¹ì:uMægziǧZ,M}&Š¤/ŠZ**ñgZiMh+ā**h+°jg~äçZàÃ!*g!*g1¹ìZzgçZàŧbZDwÃÌÔpZDwçZàÃ
…ë÷:
)�Z[“{(g{ˆg\êLZfZVgz—šà:g„
,g{ŠHÔ&Ò¨4èGG
GELçZà:g„¢ƒæÅÄLL©óó~ZDwë÷ā©ÊæVÐU*"$™**Zë!*]7 34XìX©»Zq-i0+{]ƒ**Zë!*]ìXZkçЙŠZgÅÌŠzgƒãec
zg:›y»£x›yÐÌ7æ{gìÇ:926
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
i0+{¢ðGO]¶˜V~¸Â©L
M`Hì?�Zu!k5Ïî J0‘ÐêL¯x!gz×ZkçÐZ¤/ƒÐ.ï
EGL™ŠZg:ƒpŠ›VÐì7æ{›V»£x!
.yÔ�ÑðZ~Ô4791YÔ™73 44XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:.yÔ�ÑðZ~3791YÔ™03 54X
(.y'�ÑðZ~3791YÔ™82 ii (ZDw»D¯xÔ™51) i Š&ÀŸ/õ GG) 64X)&ÿJLZDwÔ™153 74X
7À.ïGLZDwÔ,]92X03 84XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»¯[¯xæk,LLiŒZgóó�42�y3291YÃ÷áùƒZX)è¹ZDwÔ 94X,]551@*751(ZDw»™8ïELù]ƒ**ZkâÐÌzZãì²°jg~
Z·ZÅgzkÅ“zg6J-ZkÆæbuZgìXZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™212 05X.yÔ†g~�Ûzg~4791YÔ™35 15X25XZ·ZÅçÑ}~çÙ)zZ]“‡ìƒð?ZzgƒzZ¡w»{Ø“Zzg 35X
ŧsY (privatisation) ¹VƒZ?].h+Š*Z½¦!ÆOñô»g~g„ìX
**)ZDwÔ·Ú{Ãgz¹Ô™37 45X¡¾æE
LZDwÔ™603 55XZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ™681 65X.yÔ�ÑðZ~Ô4791YÔ™73 75X
85X95X,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ7À.ïGLZDwÔ,]03@*85XZDw»ÄLLZuZ§pŠ~óóÅāÐ܃ZìX�Å5úÔF,À:ZOg@Ô,]24X34eZËz©‚]˜÷āLLYye-~ 06XÅZk!*]Ð=Z%sìā,{Øf6Zzg[ñZŠÐ„g]7Xóó@*ëz{t̘÷āLL0*Îã�ÅZ‚k»�@*g]Š/ìpŠz{Zsò${ð
GO§Â©6,
ZKZVyg‚rìXóó)0*Îã,)1(�Ñð8891YÔ™11(,Ô÷á²~ZzgZDwÔ,]6X7 16X26X
036
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
VwÆîg6,Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔ‡è„ZÑsxÅÂ[LL�ÆãCŠ~)bóóÔ,]5@*01 36X!*ÁƒsÔ™11 46XŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»‘ÐêL¯xÔ,]41Ô51 56XZDwgz„ÆZsxÆ&ãCŠ~ozV©Ôg‚ªZzgMy]Æ‘Ðê M',ŠZg 66XZzg¬0YD÷XZkK~ZyÆÒy™Š{$¹é EL]"éZzgŠ@÷XZk£x6,ÜsZq-Zq-Ä',ZñgŠg`HY@*ì:
)¢ƒæÔ™23(tZq->{&¤/ZV&ìDÙZg>}ЊêìMŠòÃ�]
)@Z£DZgèÈsi(
'.{‹§õ EETW',‚Vp÷gZāŠ,!Zz„Z¤//Zz3,¦~Óx1Å;-ö XEZ„!
)¢ƒæÔ™36(�Ûñ]»g@*ìÍ$+y¾ZF,}z�ŠÆ%œ/ЊzggLì
@*ëèImZ]zgÎx6,g™DƒñZDwäLLP]Z0+6óó»{™o]Šc*ìX¸zzìāZq-§seZË$¹Òjè
EEë÷āLLZ¤/pZDw»,Š´ìp
z{�Ãè<Ø»Ýxìw7™@*Xóó)ZDwů‹�gÔ™771(ZzgŠzu~§sñÑ**Z1Zd0+z~ä–ìāLLZyÆægZkÆh]~'¹ÐZ,ìÑ]zZ°gX÷XÅ@*zszÂäZzgZI<LÆZ½¦'Z+Ð_“„ÐÅY$ËìXóó)ݶZDwÔ™04Ô0*zgC(°jg~»!í�ìāZDwäè<Ø»ŠÃqHìZkaz{1÷XZk 76Xñ�~q-g{6ìXè<ØÆÚø~XÜsŠÃq»7ìXZDwä%Ízè<Ø6,ÌgHìZzg¼ŠjZßVÐZ&kZŠZâ]ŶK0+„ÅìXãCŠ~ZsòÃbÅZDw¸W,‚™D÷X¬xÜŧbŠÃq~Z+ÑwÐuz»g7gnpXz{ŠÑb7™äÆOñ}+÷
JEL„7™D÷
\V (method) ZzgZK‹ÒyÐZ¹¸W,¯Šï÷XZ¤/ZDw»u`ÐZìÂÜÐÌZìX[Z+Ñw»§i\VZzg
!1¹Ð)4èGO
GE~œuì²ZDwyZ!ŒVƒc*z;VZkŶK0+„ZzgÙD÷X,zx»gMæƒVÂZyÅdÌ™D÷XLLZDweZËZÑçÅÃ~óóÔ!LLÒ
'+CÒøEELZDwóóXeZËqm,ŠZãÔ™786 86X
136
ZDw!1¹ÐêGO÷c*…Ì?
Š&ÀŸ/õ GG:ZDw@z—¬ÝÔ%"0î GOEeZËÐZº 96Xàk,ZDwÔ™732 07XZDw@z—¬ÝÔ™534 17X¡¾æE
LZDw»¬gsáÀeZËÐZºÔ™72 27XZDwZzgf!®+Ôw½ZÍw 37X
47X57XZDw@z—¬ÝÔ,]321Ô522óó)áÀeZËÒZ−+œj( ZÅŒ43›é EG] Š&ÀŸ/õ GGÔeZË‚]ŒZâgÅÂ[LLZDwÅâ 67X
»7ÂXŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDw»_·Zi±2+k,*i~ 77X
,÷á²~ZzgZDwÔ™67 87XŒÛMyZzg›âVÆi0+{)bÔ™332 97X
цZÔ˜÷āLL›âVÅ@*g+÷ GEL„zZŠ[~ÃðZ(÷á²Zzg®Š3ð 08X7ŠêT»„ZkŠg!�ƒXZÐZŠ~ZzgZ½¦i0+Ï»ÃðZëUZ(7TÆ0Zk®÷á²äÃð§]M�Û+i7:HƒXZDwƯx~,ÌìZzgŠ+ÌXZ‹yÌìZzg²ÃyÌXætz¾[ÅÕ»vhZk~ñ�ŠìXóó)l):šgZ‹ZDw(цZÔÅZëÂ[»**xLL¡¾æ E
LZDwóóìXZk§bÅÂÁZzg£Ñ]M®ZŠ~‘‰÷X}:
1. Iqbal: Poet Philosopher of Pakistan. %"0î GOEïo2. Iqbal: Poet philosopher of Islam. 6,zW·ëg
3XZ°§ZDwÔ·†Z?x{y)4(¡Òiªî EE0ZDwÔh]ÅgzÝ~Ô±z©Z−+
)5(¡Òiªî EE0ZDwÔ%"0î GOE),ÄZDw)6(7À.ïGLZDwÔeZË·g<Z−+)7(Z°§
ZDwÔeZËYzh+ZDw£Ñ‹ÑpÔ™31 18X
'™13 Studies in Iqbals Thought and Art 28X7À.ïGLZDwÔ™15 38X
/'/'/
236
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
!*gðZV!*[
Üs÷á²c*!¨¾æ EOÌ?
XyzŠZøzgzVäZDwÅ„~Ñ»ZïgHìÔZy~eZË\CåFZ#0Ô�ÛZtÍgÄ7g~Ô@*gZ`g2ÏÔ¬P.ZzgÍ8P**g8-z){÷áï÷XeZËŠHyPå»Ì¸gDyìXeZˬP*.çEGO˜÷āZDwÅÑ»ƒÐ(,ZZ˜tìāëäZ¹ŠZ**ñgZiÔ™8ïELÕÔ7¼-êGLZ#ÖÔë›z‰ÜÔ!¨¾æ EOZWZzg…Zzg}.ZYäHH¼¯™ZyÅ÷á²Z:ÑÅgZ{~
*.çEGO ,ÔÕÔè<ØZzg(„z){ÅttM6Š-Zg,9~™Š~÷XeZË'×h+˜÷:
LLZDwƯx~‘:èIZzg(ÏìÑ]zZ°gÅw¡U*â~ìXZyZñgÃZyÅ÷á²~ÐïwŠc*YñÂZyÅ÷á²~Zzg÷á²Z:ÑÃÃðvy:ãÇpZ¤/÷á²~Ãïw1YñÂZyÆ‘:ÔèIZzg(ÏZ°gzìÑ]ge$ÅŠ-Zg
1 ŧbi}�ƒYNÐXóóÒZ°ÝÃgz¹ät!í�Z(gHìāZzg÷á²zVÐic*Š{ZDw
Æ_¬Æa¢zg~ìāZyÆZ°gÂZÑky:1eZw™ZyÅZq-£x6,ZDwÆ¡Òiªî EE
0z�xÆæZÇV»f™ 2 ÷á²~6,Â<îEOÜsÅYñXZyZÖp~Hì:
Z#Z,V䊬ā**x.Ši!*yzÒyÆZYg{ŠZgZyÃ÷á²7â…ÂZ,Vä¬sZÏ~ªāpŠ„÷á²~Ð',P]»ZÖg™ÆZLRg}
336
ZzgÁûNíV»ìÈ™Š,XÂɤtƒðā,Zzg�x§Zi~ÆÈƃb�Ñzq„Ð@*u~уñ¸!*Ç‚tM‰ZzgZDw
3 ÷á²ÃZDw…Å3wZhJ™QhZá‰X7VÍgÄ7g~ä–å:LLtsìāøg}ZŠ[Zzgøg~çÑ]
Å@*gõ~ZDw»ÑgZyŠZ**c*ÈgZi~ƒÇ�wÅ¡Š3™„z¿»gc54V~ñhMh÷Xóó@*ë7VÆ4,Šq-LLZDwÅ«ZzgMy~w
4 ÷á²ÅìXóó2222
7VÍgÄ7g~äZDwÃZÍwzMy÷᲌ÛZgŠ¶Æ!*z�ŠZ,ŠZ**c*ÈgZi~ÑgHì�„z¿»gcñhMh÷XÒZ°ÝÃgz¹»ZyZDwÙÎVÐ
Z%sOì2VäZDwÅ÷á²~Ã:1eZwŠc*ptÌ|ìXāLLZ¤/ZDwÅ÷á²~Zk¡¾æ
ELxÐ{àƒC�ZyÅ÷á²~ÅgzbìÂ
ZDwÆ÷}ZzgzWZW,Z] 5 @*g+÷ GELZŠ[~z{÷áh+ZKñ�Š{µ6,Ã,:ƒDXóó
ZyÅ÷á²~Æ%ƒÈ5÷Zzgt!*]Ñ$þJLdìāyz*y~ZDwÆ
Ä~®6,ic*Š{ÂzŠ~Yg„ìXZk§bZyLLRg}óóNíVÅLLÁ.óó»ZiZ!ƒg;ì2Väæ]J-ZDwÃR÷á²t:HZzggzi%{zõzg{2E+Pz@*-Mz){Ã÷á²Z:Z¦ZŠÅãKBgìX@*ëZDw»¡¾æ E
L—‚tÅ|ìXZÐ:ZDwÅ÷á²~ÐZµHYYìZzg::1eZÑYYìX–wZDw:
r©ïEGL',t-ì%Z„—6 ā…y:Q,ƒÐ.ï
EGL‘~gZ„!^�ç ILZDwT½ZÐ6,zZymJìz{¡¾æ E
LZDwìXZDwÆ‘:ÔèIZzg(ÏZ°gzìÑ]ÃZyÅ÷á²~ÐZµHYYìc*7ZkÐs
436
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ÃZDwÅ÷á²~ÃZyÆZ°gzìÑ]ÐZµ™**e7ìXZDw»ÄZyÆ„»qïƒ@*ìXz,Ì÷á²~Ü~7ƒ$ËXCÙÄË*yÔË
zZîÔËgDyc*Ë„»qïƒ@*ìXZDwÅ÷á²~—0*tìZkaāZyÆZ°gzìÑ]—0*t÷XZDwÆZ°gZyÅ÷á²~Ð!*CÙ�~Ì÷X
ge$ÅŠ-Zgz{z;VÌ7÷X8‹0î EE0Z¥/|ÔèI„Å$h½5ÿ
GIGL].h+Ô8‹0î E
E0Z[M!*ŠÔ8‹0îE
E0уgZzg'Z5ðuzŠZzg›yZ,Ýl÷�Sñ$Ö7MhXZyÅzwzÑÑizZwìX@*ëZDwÆZ°gzìÑ]÷á²~~”î0!ÅZ(g™D÷Zzg7Ò„z®Åzu]~ßg]5+k,ƒ™ŠwzŠârÃOW,zŠg
™D÷XeZˬP*.çEGOЬ6,zWeZˆZhä–åāLLZDwÆZ°gäZ(X‡ì™Šc*ìāZyƮŧsoËÅÂzKzwƒCìÔqÑètXŠg|®„6,FFì'OçZ¤/÷á²~ÃUŠc*YñÂZ°g~
tMy~]eZË*.çEGOÆß!í�» 7 XÅ�ªìz{Ì»ƒYñÏXóó7Ðì²eZˆZh»7gZ!í�ZDwÅ/ÑÆ‚BZyÅ„~Ñ»Zm]™@*ìXZyÅ8iïELfsgZñÑ$þ
JLÂz÷:
LLÄe$ÃðÜÅq7ìZzg',ZñÄe$7ƒ$ËXZq-!*pZzg¸W,÷á²~PìÑ]ÔZˆ‚]Zzg_.!*]Åæ¾ÆaƒCìX¸æ¾Zk»ÑìXOçìÑ]Ô
Zˆ‚]Zzg_.!*]TnZzgTŠgZƃVÐ÷á²~»8 Z0+Ziz£gÌz(„ZzgZÚ„ƒÇXóó
†Zh'×h+˜÷āLLZDwÆ‚g}Z°gz${ðG
OgZ]:ÜsZyÆx@Z]z_°]÷ÉZˆ‚]z_.!*]Ì÷ÔªŠ!*]zZgŠZ]0`÷ÔzZu]C‚]~$+w‰÷Ô›ëÃZ~eR‰÷X÷á²Æ
536
Üs÷á²c*!¨¾æ EOÌ?
ïmÅ”]zu]»Ñ]z§]ÆÓxbCÙzoøÃ"5é GMFZzg²£Õä L™Zq-!zu]ÅŠ}ŠîìX¸zu]ZDw»®ì�„ÆÓx¢zg~ZbZÐ
9 %“Zzg®ÆÓx¢zg~ÁÜ6,ŒìXóó7Ò„z®Ð„c*®ÃZµ™**Zùg~ÑZ[ÐZùgÃZµ™**ì�
õwìX–weZˆZhLLZDwÅ÷á²~Zq-.e$ë{z!*6{¿ìTÅ(<4èGXGZzgÏÔāZ]zZW,Z]g8-',8-÷1ƒ»
!Š+÷LÃZzgâ°Zq-
01 ìÔtZq-Zg‚iìñZŠz343ï XJGGÅZy‚g~ZŠZîV»�®Æ@*gz7Šk�÷Xóóq²äZK"LLZDwøg}x÷á²óó~ZDwÆx÷á²
ƒä»Zm]ZzgœZÑ#Öƒä»Zïg™**e;ìpz{',Z',ZDwÆZ°gÃik,cÑD÷XæZ−+Z£ZDwÆ®»Zïg™**eT÷p„ÅÃ6,QF,MD÷X|tìāZDwœZÑ#ÖÔŠZ**ñgZiÔ${ð
GO§0*ÎyÆ{Û
Zzgx!¨¾æ EOX¼÷Zzgšµx÷á²Ì÷X
jjjjZZZZááááZZZZzzzzggggjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙ_Åœî0ZDwÔZDwÇgÂ{~Ô™511 1X
Zm]zÔÔ,]21Ô36 2X3XZDwZ)àû{Ô™38 4X²%"ìGOEÔZDw¨÷á²Ô%"0î GOE6,zWg<Z−+;× 5X!*ÁƒsÔ™901 6XZDw»ÂÄ®Ô,]9@*11 7@*X01X
/'/'/
636
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
¾ðZV!*[
Üs÷á²z…c*¼ZzgÌ?LL¯!*‹�ZÑsxóóÆ%"ìGOEZzgñÑ**@Z£æãÆZgZŠ]qzcz»g
ñÑ**ÜZ−+Z&kŠzIuZ0+Zi~˜÷āLLëeZË™r#%jx)‘ÕäO)ZDw(ñÑ**@Z£Î 1 óó ÃZq-÷á²Zzg…Ðic*Š{wŠ¶ÃѦxB÷X
LL›r»XZzg�Z²[zZÅ™AêE|]æã6,u·ZDwÅWóóÆi%æGLÄZy
˜÷āZv¬\äZLZ•ð',¦/h+{ÈzVªZmCÆar©ïEGLÄÐéƒäÃèñxŒÛZgŠc*ìX'×h+',MíL:
LL÷ᲃäÆZ³ZiÅ$åEO#Ö™DƒñzZ”sZÖp~)Zv]øÖø³Üûiø†ø]øÞ$ãöÜû o æ]Ö�$³Ã³†øeðømøj$fô³ÃöãöÜû]ÖûÇ^æöá ä(tZ´y�Ûâc*ā
Ö�%Ãø†øeðö )R o æø]øÞ$ãöÜûmøÏöçûÖöçûáøÚø^ŸømøËûÃø×öçûáø o ÊôoûÒöØôùæø]�ôm$ãôÛöçûáø
…÷á²óó 422X622(ZyŠzZg÷áŠZ]ÅgzÝ~LL‘ÕäO)ZDwZq-6,ÈV »�£xz%ûÑ$šï GGLZsð~³ƒ@*ìz{CÙf~=
ìXZk|ÆMDgƒYäÐÁZiÁtÂzZãƒY@*ìā‘Õä O)ZDwÃ…Zzg÷á²»Z³ZiŠ}™!*IJz`J-àc*YYì1ŒÛMyz]4ïEOGÆ¢�!3›4è
GGOE™ä~ZyÆ˸wc*
Ã�gZ+ÑwZ(g™**ŒÛMyÆèÃg{!*ÑZg÷ኻîƒZ Ãb2 ]ZtŒÛZg0*ñÇXóó
3 Zk§b»:òuŠZg†ZéxäÌ™ŠgHìX
736
2ZmC~Ð"—Ãð÷á²7åp!3›å GOŠô/™Zxñä÷á²~ÅìXZk!*]ÃÃZ0+Zi™äÅzzHìZzgZkK~2nfÅgZñHì?
Z\kìāñÑ**@Z£ÎäŒÛMÈœÅz{Mc*]Ü™Š~÷X»ZDwÖ�$³Ãø†øeð Ðm7ìZzgZyMc*]ÃÃZ0+ZiHìX»]Zt‘Õä O)ZDw÷XÎg>R
ÅZ‹Mc*]�™r#èZZyÄZÐ0÷ÔøDfs÷:]ôŸ$]Ö$³„ômûàø!Úøßöçø]æÂøÛô×öç]]Ö’#×ôvFkôæøƒøÒø†öæ]]Ö×#äøÒø%ônû†]÷æ$
]Þûjø³’ø³†öæû]Úô³àûeø³Ãû³‚ôÚø^¾ö×ôÛöçû]æø‰ønøÃû×øÜö]Ö$„ômûàø¾ø×øÛöçø]]øp$
oø ÚøßûÏø×øgõm$ßûÏø×ôföçûá
ñÑ**ÎÅÜ™Š{Mc*]»F,Àì:LLgìÄZÔÂQyÆú�ƒñßv`™D÷X?ŠÙ7ƒāz{CÙzZŠ~~…y÷ZzgZ+!*'ë÷�™D7÷Xóó!*¹µMc*]»F,À8iïELfsì:
LLSZyßÍVÆ�ZZyÑñZzg2Vä(¿KZzgZvÃÒ]Ðc*ŠHZzgZ#Zy6,ÕHŠHÂÜs$+!á1XZzgÕ™äzZßVÃkd$¥xƒYñÇāz{¾Z�xЊzeg
4 ƒD÷XóóZv¬\äÄZÆZq-„¤/z{»f™Hƒ@*ZzgÃðZ_54/õ
GIEW:ƒCÂèÃg{ñÑ**™xyÅgZñîƒCZzg‘Õä O)ZDwâxƒYDpZ(ì7XÄZÆŠzu}¤/z{»f™ÌZväHì&@Z£ÎäÖc*ìXt(,~ic*ŠCìXpŠÃŠ+»ZYg{ŠZgKzZßVä!*ë»g8-mJ™hïc*ìZzgY…1wƒñhÃÖäÅÃÒÅìZzgpŠŒÛMÈœÅZkMe$»
oø æøŸøiø³×ûfôŠö³ç]Ö³vûÐ$eô^Öûfø^›ôØôæøiøÓûjöÛöçû]ÖûvøÐ$æø]øÞûjöÜûiøÃû×øÛöçûá ]Zt¶÷:™zX ª!*ë»g8-mJ™hÃ#Ö¯îZzg:Y…1whÃÖäÅÃÒ
836
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
ŒÛMÈœä‡.Þè#ÖÄZÅ�S:]ÒyÅ÷ÔZy~ÐÃðZq-Ì‘Õä O)ZDw~70*ðYCZzgz{Ì]�ÄZÆIh+{¤/z{ÅÒy
ZDwÐZÝZ%sXr 5 ň÷ԃŃZDw~ñ�Š÷X6,åXZkK~ƒfZq-gZñ6,57¸XñÑ**@Z£æ㻣xz%û¹—ìp${ð
GO§rZDw»Šg„åXZyÐZ·t™äzZáZzgZyÅ
6 cz~™äzZáfÌ—%ûZzg®ZŠ~ic*Š{¸XñÑ**ÜZ−+Z&kÅtgZñāëeZËZDwÃ÷á²Zzg…Ðic*Š{
wŠ¶ÃѦxB÷XÑ<6,ZKZYg{ŠZg~‡ì™äZzg0*0*áÆáZŠsì²ÇZsx~0*0*á7ìXZDwÜs÷á²z…7Zzg̹¼÷XZDwoø0L©Ƭz!5Òü EO
E÷ZzgZÒŠÆp¤/2Ýxf~Vâ
ÅŠzª«™D÷XZDwpŠ¬^þI
LgÎwå÷Zzg]èGÐCÙ-Ã!*љ今gkŠï÷XZDwÅÃŒÛMy6,÷~¶ZzgZ,VäZuZ§Â[Òy
ZDwŒÛMyŧs 7 K÷Zzg–weZËZuZgZ£LLÑèŒÛMy»¶Kyóó÷XšD÷Zzg**£îG0"iâxÃÎñ·gq÷Xz{!{ðO§0*ÎyZzgZsò$hò EIèLU*6Ɔ÷Xz{Zq-¢zg]÷Q!ï OGL0Å�±k0î IG0Îãz5ðzc~ìXZDw¬ÅêLZK+MÅ¢zg]Ì÷XF,¹c*CZZxÃZyÅi!*y~ÑŠ´Æ)bzçZ]ÐMÇ{HìXeZËZÑçäZDwÃLLZ±ð YN:óó¹ìXeZËZuZgZ£Ô�ñÑ**@Z£æãÆDzaZzgi@z¾òÆOîg6,¹‡b÷Ô˜÷ā
z„~øzszZjZw~ŒÛMÈœÅÑ»TŠgZÏs f6 LL’<å XLq¢ÆZDw6,ƒZÔZzgË6,7ƒZXZzgñ�Š{ŠzgÅZdF,+dz„~R6,ŒÛMyÆDzÕ
8 Zzg@Ze$zcÄÅz�Zzg=ôz±ÅìÜsZzgÜsZDwäXóóÝ6,„ZkgZñÐZ·t7™,ÐX‰ZÐI¾ŒÛZgŠ,ÐX@*ë±Ñy0+z~ÅZDw6,’k,,ñ�Š÷XZzgñÑ**Z1Zd0+z~ÅLLݶZDwóó
936
Üs÷á²z…c*¼ZzgÌ?
!3�ç EEL¬x6,ìXHñÑ**ÜZ−+Z&kZyZ»',ÃѦx»%>IZNÐ?eZË·g<Z−+˜÷āLLZDwãCŠ~îg6,:…ìZzg:÷á²ÉZq-
c* Šgz÷c*ß°ìXZk»÷á²Z:¾wZzgZk»¦:�CÙŠzâVZkÆz].Zyt!*]zZãìāeZË·g<Z−+ZDwÃ÷á²z… 9 GÆ}.#Ö¦/Zg÷Xóó
t â…÷pZy»Z÷ág{Zq-ãCŠ~ZzgZëF,|ŧsìX6,zW·Zâg™ŠäZDwÆ${ð
GO§G6,Z‹ZŸ]**ªÆ!*)K÷zg:Zy»*y
LLZDwÅãCŠ~wóóeZË·g<Z−+Æ!í�Å@*G™@*ìX6,zWñßs˜÷:
LLzZ§tìāZDwãCŠ~îg6,:÷á²÷Zzg:…Éz{¼Zzg„÷X÷á²~Zzg$¨Òiý
GEZyÅfZ]ÆZŸ°ZzgU*â~U÷XŠg|z{
!}Ñ÷L¸x÷XZ&—$Òï LOGZzgZ§ñè<Ø»_./„
ŠgZÝz{‹øāì�ZDwÃ÷á²Zzg…¯@*ì'ZDwZq-ÑI÷á²Zzg…¸Zzg–wgKZ£Q~Zsx»Z§Zzg›âVÅu—~'¸Zq-õfåT6,ZyÅÓx&&
01 Üsƒg„‰XóóZDwÃZKyÆ9·Z7»ÅgqÝåZzgZk9·Z7Ð
Z¹›¶X¸›zÅgZy»z].ZyìZzgZÏÆ�z{Zsx»Z§Zzg›âVÅu—~2˜yÅ$™-.ç
GGLâeT÷XZL}.ZŠZŠ$ÓÂî0÷á²~Ã
i³è8[Ænz@Å2+g™äÆOñZ,VäZÐZyZg«£œÆaZEw~Ñ™Zzgz�™ÆÑU*ãzÑÃ㙊c*Xt]¼.ÃÀŠï÷Zzg�Û‘6,4ÃÃözŠ™ŠîìXZk¼.ŧsZ÷ág{™äÆ·†Z°æÃåäÔ¹¬ÔZLZq-*y)‘Õä O)ZDwZq-gÃ%Åw~(»Z!xZyÓV6,Hå:
046
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú
LLZDwÅà]»Më[ƒqƒ[ìZzgkd$‚Z°Zk6,V™“uz2]Å@*gÃVÊzg™ÆŠ*ÃZKgzÝÐÝ
q³³^ð]Ö³v³Ðæ‡âÐ]Öf³^›Ø]á$]Öf³^›ØÒ³^á Š}ÇZzgßÍVÃ11 »©M\VЊÚ~MYñÇX ‡âçÎ^
jjjjZZZZááááÔÔÔÔjjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙÔÔÔÔ$$$$››››ÒÒÒÒ3333¨éééé GGGGGGGGGGGG]]]]
¯!*‹�ZÑsxÔ¢ÎxÔ,]141X241fZ!LLZDwZzgñŠzŠ~»»©Y,{óóÔ 1X,]781X881
LLZ°æóó'æãzZDw�Ô™133 2XuŠZg†Zéxä**gz}~Zq-æ[ÆŠzgZyLLZDwÆ‚¶ƒeZ{Ôƒ 3XgZ5бzƒñZzgƒgÎwZvåЊzgóó»Z²Zx¬Z+HXZ,Vät̹
ā�LLeZË»¯x7,ñÇÔeZ{ƒÇXóó)âZñz‰ÜÔ42c7891Y(uŠZg†ZéxäÔ!*ßZôZ0+Zi~ÔZDwÃèÃg{ŒÛMãZg÷áŠZ]»]ZtIZc*ìX2†g~8891YÃуg~ÔZ¶g~}èÆgz',zÔZ,VäZLÒyÅ@*zs™Dƒñ¹āLL~ä¹āZDw»¯xz„ßv7,³�B÷c*KÅÃô™D÷X~ä¹ÐßÍVйāz{Zq-ZŠÌ÷á²»¯xKÅZ¦ZŠ7gnp®ZZDw»¯x7,|™z{ÎZñeZ„ƼZzgqÝ7™
MhXóó)âZñz‰ÜÔуgÔ8âga8891Y('×h+,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔƒÎxÔÄZyLL$+Zqàóó
ƒZÅMyÔ¢ÎxÔ,]545X945 4X,ÆaŠ&ÀŸ/õ GGÔZDwŠ#Zq-_·Ô,]25@*65 5X,ÆaÔŠ&ÀŸ/õ GG:ƒXgxÔÄZyLL${ð
GOgèÆÜsgáLO¿óó 6X
LLZDwZzgëóó',]62Ô36 7X8X7À.ïGLZDwÔ™25 9X
146
Üs÷á²z…c*¼ZzgÌ?
ZDw48YÔ%"0î GOEeZËz©‚]Ô,]263Ô363 01XLLÝlóóZDw�'âÞ7791YÔ™931 11X†Z°æÃå»t*yLL.&ëEYLìwóóÆZDw�2391Y~÷áùƒZåX
/'/'/
246
ZDwÅ,Zzg„z®6,Z‹ZŸ]DZq-_·:¢ZÍwD„~ú