Selected Topics:

GIS in Mobility Research

and Planning

Martin Loidl

Department of Geoinformatics, Z_GIS

University of Salzburg

martin.loidl@sbg.ac.at | http://gicycle.wordpress.com

GI

Mobility

Lab

GIS

for

intelligent

Mobility

solutions

Modelling

Analysis

Appli-

cation

Consulting

Research

We strongly believe that spatial information

systems can bridge traditional domains

that deal with mobility and foster new and

innovative ways to analyze, plan and

manage our daily mobility demands.

www.zgis.at/gimobility

gimobility@sbg.ac.at

@gimobility

gimobility.wordpress.com

Mobility

4

Mobility

„Ability to move (people and/or goods) in time and

physical space.“ (» transportation)

5

http://www.lgcns.co.kr

Bogota

Modes

Aviation

Utility infrastructure (cable, pipeline …)

Ship

Space

Land-based

Rail

Road

6

http://www.telegraph.co.uk

http://www.axis-security.co.uk

http://www.mccrackenmotorfreight.com

http://www.nasa.gov

http://www.allianz-pro-schiene.de

Classification according to federal bureau of statistics (Statistik Austria), modified.

Benefits of being mobile

Is mobility per se benefitial?

No: must serve a purpose

Yes: as recreational activity

What was the purpose of your last trips?

7

Being mobile

8

https://www.bmvit.gv.at

Accessibility

Focus solely on mobility as such of little help

Accessibility as major parameter

Costs and restrictions:

Distance

Time

Monetary costs

Availability of transportation

Physical barriers

Legal barriers

Emotional barriers

…

9

http://blogs-images.forbes.com

http://www.svv-info.at

http://www.meinbezirk.at

http://upload.wikimedia.org

http://web.de

Accessibility

Accessibility directly affects amount and mode of mobility

10

http://en.wikipedia.org

Dharavi (Mumbai)

1 million inhabitants within 2,2 km²

San Jose (Cal.)

1 million inhabitants within 457,2 km²

http://en.wikipedia.org

San Jose (Cal.)

11

http://www.sanjoseca.gov

Mega commuters =

>90 min, >50 miles

• San Jose: 1.9%

• Nat. average: 0,82%Rapino & Fields (2013), Mega Commuters in the U.S.

http://www.mercurynews.com

Geography

12

Mobility Geography

http://www.stats.govt.nzhttp://www.kcet.org

L.A. 1961 Commuter relations NZ

Geography

Where you and the facilities you want/need to go to are,

decides on the amount and mode of mobility.

13

MCDONALD, N. C. 2007. Active Transportation to School: Trends Among U.S. Schoolchildren, 1969–2001. American Journal of

Preventive Medicine, 32, 509-516.

Mobility Geography

Geography

Where you and the facilities you want/need to go to are,

decides on the amount and mode of mobility.

14

Statistik Austria (2014)

Mobility Geography

Geography

Where you and the facilities you want/need to go to are,

decides on the amount and mode of mobility.

15

Mobility Geography

Geography

In order to facilitate mobility, transportation systems

are necessary. They shape geography and influence

behaviour.

16

http://blogs.worldbank.orghttp://kulturerleben.salzburgresearch.at/poi/landeskrankenhaus/

Mobility Geography

Geography

17

In order to facilitate mobility, transportation systems

are necessary. They shape geography and influence

behaviour.

http://kulturerleben.salzburgresearch.at/poi/landeskrankenhaus/

Losing roads as public spaces

Mobility Geography

Geography

18

In order to facilitate mobility, transportation systems

are necessary. They shape geography and influence

behaviour.

http://www.sutp.org

Mobility Geography

How to use limited space?!

http://www.freeairpump.com

Geography

19

http://www.nytimes.com

http://www.nytimes.com

Hutongs in Beijing (China)

Mobility Geography

For who do we plan our cities?

Geography

Reduce necessity to travel (reduce mobility)

Ensure efficient and sustainable mobility

Minimize social/environmental impact of mobility

20

http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.eea.europa.eu http://gallagher-photo.com

Necessity to Travel

21

http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr

The cities will be part of the country; I shall

live 30 miles from my office in one

direction, under a pine tree; my secretary

will live 30 miles away from it too, in the

opposite direction, under another pine

tree. We shall both have our own car.

Le Corbusier‘s

car-centric,

urban utopia:

spatial

separation of

functions

Plan Voisin

Necessity to Travel

22

Urban sprawl north of Salzburg Monterey Park (east of LA)

Google Earth, Google Streetview

Car-centric planning and mobility paradigm

What GIS can offer

Reduce necessity to travel

Where to plan new residential areas?

Where to locate schools, grocery stores, physician …?

How to connect these facilities?

23

24

MORECO

Calculates accessibility of

infrastructure and

estimates mobility effort for

any address point

http://www.moreco.at/siedl

ungsrechner/

GIS

Which GIS functionalities are implemented in applications

such as „MORECO Siedlungskostenrechner“?

Overlay

Buffer

Network analysis (shortest path)

25

http://learn.environment.utoronto.ca

http://www.ukurtanah.com http://wiki.openstreetmap.org

Location optimization

26

Closest facility analysis Service areas

Connect Facilities: PT

Spatial, multi-criteria

optimization problem

Distance to next access

point

Infrastructure at access

point

Departure intervals

Connections

Travel time

Vehicle rotation

…

27http://www.mobilitaet21.de

Connect Facilites:

Active Transport Modes

28

http://news.thomasnet.com

http://gearjunkie.com

Geography

Reduce necessity to travel (reduce mobility)

Ensure efficient and sustainable mobility

Minimize social/environmental impact of mobility

29

http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.eea.europa.eu http://gallagher-photo.com

Efficiency

30

http://www.fairkehr.nethttp://www.salzburg.com

Time * Space * Money

Efficiency

Commuters in AT: Ø 1.07 persons/car (VCÖ)

Time and money loss due to congestion (EC, TomTom)

Istanbul: delay per hour driven = 59 min

1% of EU GDP lost (AT: 0.6% ≈ 1.8 billion €)

31

http://www.tomtom.com http://lh3.ggpht.com

Efficiency

Space required depending on mode of transport

32

http://www.flow-n.eu

Sustainability

Ecological sustainability

Air quality

Noise

Ressource demand (fossil fuel, space, …)

33

http://www.laerminfo.at

http://www.salzburg.com

http://www.klimaplastischer-naturschutz.de

Sustainability

Social sustainability

Exposure to negative effects

Accessibility of transportation

Necessity to travel (place of residence – workplace)

34

http://www.salzburg.com http://pts.researchstudio.at http://www.trulia.com

Exposure to noise and polluted air Distance to PT stop Real estate prices NYC

Sustainability

Economic sustainability

External effects

Cost allocation

35

http://www.strabag.com

Construction

Maintainance

Externalities: e.g. health care

http://www.stefanie-boege.de

9,000 km for 150g

strawberry yogurt

36

http://www.sfexaminer.com

Need for efficient and

sustainable mobility is evident

What GIS can offer

Spatial intelligence

Telematics

Mobility/traffic management

Analysis

Status quo (quality, accessibility etc.)

Simulation

Route planning & Information

37

http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com

ITS

38

Mobility as a Service

Pay as you go, independently from mode

39

http://www.fluidtime.com

http://smile-einfachmobil.at/

Floating Car Data

Estimating traffic volumes in real-time

Application examples?

Spatial technology?

40

https://www.its-austriawest.at/salzburg/verkehrslage

http://www.salzburgresearch.at

http://farm8.static.flickr.com

http://www.ebe-solutions.at

http://www.ecutool.com

https://ngageoint.github.io

http://i.stack.imgur.com

Quality Assessment

41

Planning

42

Routing

43

Information

Promotion of sustainable modes of transportation

through information

44

Geography

Reduce necessity to travel (reduce mobility)

Ensure efficient and sustainable mobility

Minimize social/environmental impact of mobility

45

http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.eea.europa.eu http://gallagher-photo.com

Impacts of Mobility

Occupation of (public) road space

Exposure to traffic

Mobility habits

46

http://www.salzburg.com

http://walmart-enviro.pbworks.com

http://www.bbc.com

Road Space

Salzburg

65,6 km²

5,8 km² Road space

47

Who owns the road?

Occupation

48

http://fuer-mensch-und-umwelt.de

http://www.dailymail.co.uk

Occupation

49

Exposure

50

Inhabitants per 125x125 grid cell and

daily traffic volume in Salzburg.

Exposure

51

Academics (rate) per 250x250 grid cell and

daily traffic volume in Salzburg.

Mobility Habits

52

ILLEK, G. & MAYER, I. 2013. Radverkehr in Zahlen - Daten, Fakten und Stimmungen. Wien: BMVIT.

Mobility Habits

53

http://www.salzburg24.at

http://maps.google.at

What GIS can offer

Overlay

Collect, analysis multiple perspectives on road space

„Communication“ platform

Analysis

Status quo

Raise awareness

Provide intelligent/specific information

54

Multiple Perspectives

55

Cool, no cars on the

road. I can enjoy a

safe ride!

Stupid pedestrians.

Watch out – the street

is mine!

How beautiful it would

be if this park were

larger. I‘d remove the

parking lots.

A pedestrian zone

would raise the urban

quality enormously.

Multiple Perspectives

GIS facilitates integrated approach

56

Urban Emotion

57

http://www.geog.uni-heidelberg.de

Exposure - Location Matters

Spatially intelligent sensoring for evidence-based and

informed decissions

58

Information

59

Information

60

Synthesis

Mobility is a spatial phenomenom by its very nature

GIS facilitates integrated approach – GIS is everywhere

Analysis

Planning

Operation

GIS addresses ecological, economical and social

implications of mobility

Mobility is a function of space ↔ Mobility shapes space

GIS helps to make these interdependences visible

Spatial analysis for informed decissions

61

@gicycle_

gicycle.wordpress.com

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