zulfigar yasin 1 & jamil tajam jamil tajam2
TRANSCRIPT
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ZULFIGAR YASINZULFIGAR YASIN11 && JAMIL TAJAMJAMIL TAJAM22
11Marine Science Lab, School of Biological Sciences, Marine Science Lab, School of Biological Sciences, UniversitiUniversiti SainsSains Malaysia, Malaysia,
Penang Penang
22Faculty of Applied Science, Faculty of Applied Science, UniversitiUniversiti TeknologiTeknologi MARA, MARA, ArauArau, Perlis, Perlis
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Location of study siteLocation of study site
Pulau Langkawi
Pulau Paya Pulau Segantang
Pulau Bidan
Pulau Song-song
Tukun Terendak
Pulau Telor
Pulau Kaca /Lembu
Kuala Sungai Merbuk
Straits of Malacca
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Restricted access until 2009. Now an open access area.
Pulau Songsong
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Marine Park and no take zone since 1989. Very high visitor numbers.
PulauPulau PayarPayar Marine ParkMarine Park
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LEGEND:
Live coral (more than 5% cover Coral rubble Intetidal rock and boulders Beach sand Wooded land area
Substrate classification of Pulau Bidan by satellite remote sensing and the hydroacoustic survey
N
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Diversity of mollusk found at Diversity of mollusk found at PulauPulau
PayarPayar and and PulauPulau SongsongSongsong
Mollusks
Gastropods 28 species
Bivalves 17 species
Nudibranch 7 species
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The Diversity of Sea Cucumber Found in the Sampling LocationThe Diversity of Sea Cucumber Found in the Sampling Location
0 2 4 6 8
Pulau Songsong
Tukun Terendak
Pulau Payar
Pulau Kaca
Pulau Segantang
Total Number of Species Found During the Survey
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A new species of sea A new species of sea
cucumber in cucumber in PulauPulau PayarPayar??
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Hard coral diversity in the Hard coral diversity in the northern Straits of Malaccanorthern Straits of Malacca
Hard coral
Family 13
Genus 36
Dominant
group - Pocilloporidae
- Acroporidae
Rare
group - Mussidae
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Pulau Payar Pulau Kaca Pulau Segantang Pulau Songsong Tukun Terendak Pulau Telor
6 4
2 3 3 1
15
7
3
17
8
0
3
2
2
6
3
1
Thamnasteriidae
Poritidae
Pocilloporidae
Pectiniidae
Oculinidae
Mussidae
Merulinidae
Fungiidae
Faviidae
Euphylliidae
Dendrophyllidae
Agariciidae
Acroporidae
The total number of families from different reefs in the northern Straits of Malacca
13 8 8 11 9 5
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Common commercial fishCommon commercial fish
species found in the surveyspecies found in the survey
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CommonCommon plankton species plankton species in in
SongsongSongsong IslandsIslands
Chaetoceros subtilis
Chaetoceros affinis Coscinodiscus asteromphalus
Bacteriastrum delicatulum
Ceratium furca
A toxic species which is a component of the harmful algasl bloom (HAB) now found off the coast of Merbok and Pulau Telor
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Ambient water conditions important to the health Ambient water conditions important to the health
of corals of corals
PulauSongsong
TukunTerendak
PulauTelor
Pulau Bidan
Decreasing
Total Suspended Solid (mg/L)
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Number of species found for each Number of species found for each taxataxa atat the the
SongsongSongsong and and PayarPayar Group of IslandsGroup of Islands
0 20 40 60 80 100
Phytoplankton
Fish
Coral
Sea cucumber
Nudibranch
Gastropod
Bivalve
No. of species
Songsong Group
Payar Group
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General trends in diversityGeneral trends in diversity
Trend of: • Increasing diversity in corals, sea cucumber, soft corals, reef fish and mollusks • Decreasing concentrations of pollutants and nutrients • Clearer waters • Increasing coverage of fringing reefs
Payar Group
Song-song Group
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Taxon No. of new record found
during the survey
Osteichthyes (Bony fishes) -
Holothuroidea
(sea cucumbers) 3
Anthozoa
• Octocorallia (Hard Coral)
• Hexacorallia (Soft Coral)
14
5
Gastropoda
• Nudibranch
•Macrogastropoda
-
7
Bivalvia 5
Phytoplankton 31
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For Marine Park management it is
important now to know:
The significance of our findings in
place and time
The relationship of our islands
The Next StepThe Next Step
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Pulau Payar
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Perc
enta
ge c
ora
l co
ver
(%)
Percentage of Coral Cover for Pulau Payar, Teluk Datai and Pulau Songsong
Year
Pu. Songsong
Teluk Datai
Pu. Payar
1998: bleaching event 2010: bleaching event
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The faunal divideThe faunal divide
Indian Ocean fauna
Pacific Ocean fauna
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Genetic structure of marine organism
Source: Benzie , 1998
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eScienceeScience--Fund marineFund marine--related projectsrelated projects
(2007 (2007 –– 2011)2011)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
No
. o
f p
roje
cts
fun
ded
Year
Marine-related projects
Marine biodiversity
projects
* Total number of project
funded
935 415 215 101 241 *
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Terima kasih daun keladi