zusgscopper alloys, unwrought (other than master alloys of heading 74.05) waste & scrap, of...
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ZUSGSscience for » changing world
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Trends in Tungsten, Molybdenum, and Cobalt Production and Trade in China
by
Pui-Kwan Tse
U.S. Geological Survey Reston, Virgina
Open-File Report 03-63
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. the U.S. Government. The views expressed are those of the author, and are not necessarily those of the U.S. Government.
Trends in Metal Production and Trade in China
Pui-Kwan TseInternational Minerals Section
Minerals Information TeamU.S. Geological Survey
Reston, Virginia
At
Refractory Metals Association Meeting Washington, D.C. February 19, 2003
Share of Chinese Metal Production in the World
Commodity Percentage Rank
Aluminum 17 1Antimony 89 1Copper 10 3Gold 7.2 4Lead 18 2Magnesium 41 1Molybdenum 22 3Rare Earths 85 1Silver 9.6 4Tin 32 1Tungsten 83 1Zinc 22 1
3
Tungsten
Wolframite deposits
Scheelite deposits
> Production and Consumption
+ Trade
> Government Policies
Major Tungsten Deposits in China
Location of Major Tungsten Deposits
Sb, Mo, W, and Sn Production in China, 1990-2005
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
<»
I«
« tt3 O
H
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003e 2005e
Year
Antimony Molybdenum Tungsten Tin
Chinese Exports of Tungsten Products, 1997-2001
16000
14000
12000
10000 -
o 8000H
6000
4000 -
2000 -
1997 1998 1999
Year
2000 2001
Concentrates WO3 A APT * Ferrotungsten Tungsten Powder O Tungsten Carbide
Sources of Tungsten Concentrates Imported by China, 2001
18%
33%
49%
Korea Malaysia D Russia
14%
16%
Destinations for Chinese WO3 Exports in 2001
10%
26%
Sweden Netherlands D Japan DUS Others
Companies which are allowed to trade tungsten and its products
China National Metals and Minerals Import and Export Co.
China National Nonferrous Import and Export Co.
China Rare Earth and Metal Group Co.
China National Chemical Import and Export Co.
Major Molybdenum Deposits in China
Nei Mongol <;- 'l <;-"\ ~ ^' \. ) ^Li'
T<&Z2z i\ v<< .. *
,~,V~^
Guangxi /"* Guangdong
Location of Major Molybdenum Deposits
Chinese Exports of Molybdenum Products, 1996-2001
50000
45000
40000
35000 -
30000
50o 25000H
20000
15000
10000
5000
1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
2000 2001
Ferromolybdenum Roasted molybdenum
Sources of Molybdenum Concentrates Imported by China, 2001
7%
12%
14°/e
11%
37%
19%
I Russia Chile D Mongolia D Canada BPeru D Other
Destinations for Chinese Roasted Molybdenum Exports in 2001
13%
6%
15%
38%
28%
I Netherlands Japan D Korea, Rep. Of D United Kingdom Others
Destinations for China's Ferromolybdenum Exports in 2001
13%
4%
59%
11%
I Netherlands United States D Japan D Korea, Rep. of Taiwan ED Others
9000
Cobalt Production and Demand in China, 1995-2005
<*> a o H
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
1995 2003e 2005e
Concentrate Metal Import Unwrought Demand
Sources of Cobalt Concentrates Imported by China, 2001
5°/c
11%
13%
27%
16%
16%
I Zaire South Africa D Cuba D Congo Morocco D Zambia Australia D US Others
13%
5%
Sources of Unwrought Cobalt Imported by China, 2001
5%
13%
39%
16%
I Zambia Congo D Australia D Japan Canada D South Africa Others
Management of Export Permits:
o Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Corp. (MOFTEC)
o Special Export Permit Office
o Local Export Trade Office
MOFTEC coordinates with provincial and local governments andassociations to issue permits.Associations which assigned to perform this function are:
China Iron and Steel Industry Association China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association
/9
Trade categories related to minerals and metals
/ Restricted export items Radioactive materials
/ State control antimony and its oxide, coal, ore and concentrates of tin, tungsten, and zinc, rare-earths, tin and its products, ammonium paratungstate, tungsten products, zinc and its alloys, petroleum and its products
/ Provincial and local governments some steel products
Import Tariff Rate (%)
Ore and Concentrates of Metals 0Tungstic acid 5.5Tungsten oxide 5.5Ammonium paratungstate 5.5Tungsten carbide 2Ferrotungsten 2Tungsten powder 6Tungsten bar, sheet, and plate 5Tungsten wire 9Other tungsten products 8Ammonium molybdate 5.5Molybdenum oxide 5.5Ferromolybdenum 2Molybdenum powder 6Molybdenum, unwrought 3Molybdenum bar, plate, and sheet 8Molybdenum wire 8Other molybdenum products 8Tantalum waste and scrap 6Tantalum bar and rod 6Other tantalum products 8 Cobalt mattes and other intermediate products 4Cobalt carbonate 5.5Other cobalt products 8
PRODUCTS SUBJECT TO EXPORT DUTY
NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
HSNO
03019210 L
05061000 0
05069010 P
05069090 B c
b
26070000 I
26080000 ;
26090000 r
8 261100009 26159000
10
i u12
13
14
15
1 l6
I l7
I 18
1 19
1 2°
21
1 22
I 23
I 24
25
26
27
1 28
26171010
28047010
28047090
28269000
29022000
41031010
72011000
DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTS
ive eels fry Jissem and bones treated with acid |
owder and waste of bones jones and horn-cores, unworked, defatted, simply prepared (but not 1 ut to shape), treated with acid or degelatinized, excl. Ossein and
tones treated with acid |
jead ores & concentrates
One ores & concentrates ]
Pin ores & concentrates
[\mgsten ores & concentrates
Niobium, tantalum & vanadium ores & concentrates
Crude antimony
Yellow phosphorus (white phosphorus)
Phosphorus, nes
Fluorosilicates and fluoroaluminates and complex fluorine salts, nes
Benzene
Slabs of goats, fresh, or salted, dried, limed, pickled or otherwise preserved, but not tanned, parchment-dressed or further prepared, whether or not dehaired or split
Non-alloy pig iron containing by weigh<0.5% of phosphorus in pigs, blocks or other primary forms
72012000 INon-alloy pig iron containing by weight >0.5% of phosphorus in
[pigs, blocks or other primary forms
72015000
72021100
72021900
72022100
72022900
72023000
72024100
72024900
-72041000
72042 I OC
7204290C
1 29 7204300(
Alloy pig iron and spiegeleisen, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms
Ferro-manganese, containing by weight more than 2% of carbon
Ferro-manganese, nes
Ferro-silicon, containing by weight more than 55% of silicon
Ferro-silicon, nes
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-chromium containing by weight more than 4% of carbon
Ferro-chromium, nes
Waste & scrap, of cast iron
Waste & scrap, of stainless steel
) Waste & scrap of alloy steel, other than stainless steel
1 Waste & scrap, of tinned iron or steel
EXPORT 1
DUTY RATEI
(%)
20.0 1
40.0 1
40.0 I
40.0 J
30.0 1
30.0 1
50.0 I
20.030.0
20.0
20.0
20.0 1
30.0
40.0 I
20.0
20.0 j
20.0 1
20.0 1
20.0 1
20.0
25.0 1
25.0 I
20.0 I
40.0 1
40.0
40.0
40.0 J
40.0 1
1 40.0 1
NO
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
1 55
56
pr1 58
HSNO
72044100 F
V
b
72044900
72045000
74020000
74031100
74031200
74031300
74031900
74032100
74032200
74032300
7403290074040000
74071000
74072100
74072200
74072900
74081100
74081900
74082100
74082200
74082900
74091100
74091900
74092100
74092900
74093100
74093900
74094000
DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTS
errous waste & scrap, nes, from turnings, shavings, chips, milling /aste, sawdust, filings, trimmings and stampings, whether or not in
undies
!errous waste & scrap of iron or steel, nestemelting scrap ingots of iron or steelCopper unrefined; copper anodes for electrolytic refining
}athodes & sections of cathodes, of refined copper, unwroughtWire bars, of refined copper, unwrought
Billets, of refined copper, unwrought
termed copper, unwrought, nes
Copper-zinc base alloys (brass), unwrought
Copper -tin base alloys (bronze), unwrought
Copper - nickel base alloys (cupronickel) or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys (silver), unwrought
Copper alloys, unwrought (other than master alloys of heading 74.05)
Waste & scrap, of copper or copper alloys
Jars, rods & profiles of refined copper
Bars, rods & profiles, of copper-zinc base alloys
3ars, rods & profiles, of copper - nickel base alloys or copper-nickel-zinc base alloys
Bars, rods & profiles, of copper alloy nes
Wire of refined copper, of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension >6mm
Wire of refined copper, of which the maximum cross-sectional dimension ^=6mm
Wire of copper-zinc base alloys
Wire of copper - nickel base alloys or copper-nickel-zinc base alloy
Wire, of copper alloy nes
Plate, sheet & strip, thickness >0.15mm, of refined copper, in coil
Plate, sheet & strip, thickness >0.15mm, of refined copper, not in coil
Mate, sheet & strip, thickness >0.15mm, of copper-zinc base alloys,
in coil
Mate, sheet & strip, thickness >0.15mm, of copper-zinc base alloys,
not in coil
Plate, sheet & strip, thickness >0.15mm, of copper-tin base alloys, in coil
Plate, sheet & strip, thickness >0.l5mm, of copper-tin base alloys,
not in coil
Plate, sheet & strip, thickness >0.15mm, of copper - nickel base
alloys or copper-nickel-zinc base alloy
EXPORT DUTY RATE
(%)
40.0
40.0
40.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.030.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
NO
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
P70
71
72
73
I 74
75
76
77
7.8
HSNO
74099000 PI
75021000 U
75022000 I
75089010 E
76011000 I
I
DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTS I
ate, sheet & strip, thickness >0.15mm, of copper alloy nes
nwrought nickel, not alloyed
Inwrought nickel alloys
Electroplating anodes of nickel
Inwrought aluminium, not alloyed
76012000 |Unwrought aluminium alloys
76020000 | Aluminium waste & scrap
76041000 JBars, rods & profiles of aluminium, not alloyed
76042100
76042900
76051100
76051900
76052100
76052900
76061120
76061190
76061220
76061230
76061240
76069 iOC
Hollow profiles of aluminium allays
Bars, rods & profiles (excl. hollow profiles), of aluminium alloys
Wire of aluminium ,not alloyed, with the maximum cross-sectional dimension >7mm
Wire of aluminium, not alloyed, with the maximum cross-sectional dimension =^7mm
Wire of aluminium alloys, with the maximum cross sectional
dimension >7mm
Wire of aluminium alloys, with the maximum cross sectional dimension ^7mm
Plates & sheets & strip, rectangular (incl. square), of aluminium, not alloyed, 0.30mm ^ thickness ^0.36mm
Plates & sheets & strip, rectangular (incl. square), of aluminium, not alloyed, 0.30mm > thickness >0.2mm
Plates & sheets & strip, rectangular (incl. square), of aluminium alloys, 0.2mm<thickness <0.28mmPlates & sheets & strip, rectangular (incl. square), of aluminium alloys, 0.28mm ^ thickness ^0.35mm
Plates & sheets & strip, rectangular (incl. square), of aluminium alloys, 0.35mm<thickness
) Plates & sheets & strip, of aluminium, not alloyed, thickness
>0.2mm, nes
EXPORT
DUTY RATE
(%)
30.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
79
80
81
82
83
84
76069200 [Plates & sheets & strip, of aluminium alloys, thickness >0.2mm, nes
79011100
79011200
79012000
81100020
81100030- * -
Unwrought zinc, not alloyed, containing .by weight ->99.99% of zinc
Unwrought zinc, not alloyed, containing by weight<99.99% of zinc
Unwrought zinc alloys
Antimony unwrought
Antimony waste and scrap; Antimony powders
20.0 I
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
Chinese Export Quotas, 2003
Antimony and productsMagnesiaRare earthsSilverTin and productsTungsten and productsZinc and products
67,0001 (Metal) 1,300,0001 40,0001 (REO) 22001 (Metal) 65,0001 (Metal) 16,3001 (Metal) 600,0001 (Metal)
Tax Rebate
Foreign Investment
Encouraged
Exploration and Development:
Bauxite, Copper, Lead, Zinc joint venture only
Gold low ore grade and require advanced smelting technology joint venture only
Smelting and Manufacturing:
Alumina 300,000 tons or higher output capacity
Metal carbides
Antimony or tin alloys
Rare-earth application
Restricted
Exploration and Development:
Antimony, Barite, Diamond, Fluorite, Platinum-Group Metals, Tin, and Tungsten joint venture or co-operation
Sulfate process to produce titanium dioxide pigment
Rare-earth separation and smelting joint venture only
Prohibited
Rare-earth explorationRadioactive materials exploration and processing