© 2004 population reference bureau female genital cutting, by age prevalence among younger and...
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![Page 1: © 2004 Population Reference Bureau Female Genital Cutting, by Age Prevalence Among Younger and Older Women Percent Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649d775503460f94a58584/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
Female Genital Cutting, by Age
Prevalence Among Younger and Older WomenPercent
13
71
43
98
78
99
32
71
2024
74
51
97
87
99
48
69
48
Benin2001
BurkinaFaso
1998/99
Côted'Ivoire1998/99
Egypt1995
Ethiopia2000
Guinea1999
Kenya1998
Mauritania2000/2001
Nigeria1999
Ages 20-24 Ages 45-49
Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler on July 21, 2004.
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
Female Genital Cutting, by Level of Education
Prevalence Among Women 15 to 49 Percent
72
100
22
80
99
61
71
16
51
100
78
98
27
9
79
69
3640
91
74 78
17
5
29
72
27
97
Benin2001
BurkinaFaso
1998/99
Côted'Ivoire1998/99
Egypt1995
Ethiopia2000
Guinea1999
Kenya1998
Mauritania2000/2001
Nigeria1999
No Education Primary Secondary or Higher
Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler on July 21, 2004.
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
Female Genital Cutting, by Residence
Prevalence Among Women 15 to 49 Living in Urban, Rural AreasPercent
13
82
39
94
80
98
23
65
30
20
70
48
100
80
99
42
77
23
Benin2001
BurkinaFaso
1998/99
Côted'Ivoire1998/99
Egypt1995
Ethiopia2000
Guinea1999
Kenya1998
Mauritania2000/2001
Nigeria1999
Urban Rural
Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler on July 22, 2004.
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
Age at Marriage, Sub-Saharan African Countries
Median Age at First Marriage, Women 20 to 24 at Time of SurveyYears
16
17
18 18 18
19 19
Niger 1998
Mali 2001
Ethiopia2000
Malawi2000
Uganda2000/2001
Benin 2001
Zambia2001/2002
Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler on July 22, 2004.
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
Births in 2000, and Births Attended by Skilled Personnel 1995-2000
10 11
2632
37
67
84
39
66
35
Middle East/NorthAfrica
LatinAmerica/Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia/Pacific South Asia
Births in millions, 2000 Percent of births attended by skilled personnel, 1995-2000
Births and Assisted Deliveries Worldwide
Source: UNICEF End of Decade Databases—Delivery Care (www.childinfo.org/eddb/maternal/index.htm).
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•The areas of the world in which deliveries are least likely to be attended by skilled personnel, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, account for nearly half of all births worldwide (37 million and 26 million, respectively, out of a total of 132 million in 2000).
Notes on Births and Assisted Deliveries Worldwide
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
16
272823 20
2420
27
3038
37
42
2228
Uganda 2000/2001
Nepal 2001
Ethiopia2000
Egypt 2000
Colombia2000
Peru 2000
Bangladesh1999/2000
<24 months 24-35 months
70
5860
5449 48
43
Birth Spacing, Less Developed Countries
Births, by IntervalPercent of all births
Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler on July 22, 2004.
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
Pregnancy and Childbirth-Related Deaths to Women, by Cause, 1997
Infections15%
Unsafe Abortion13%
Eclampsia12%
Obstructed Labor8%
Other Direct Causes
8%
Severe Bleeding25%
Indirect Causes20%
Causes of Maternal Mortality
Note: Total exceeds 100 percent due to rounding.Source: World Health Organization, Reduction of Maternal Mortality: A Joint WHO/UNFPA/UNICEF/World Bank Statement, Geneva, 1999.
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• Nearly three-quarters of maternal deaths are due to direct complications of pregnancy and childbirth, such as severe bleeding, infection, unsafe abortion, hypertensive disorders (eclampsia), and obstructed labor.• Women also die of indirect causes aggravated by pregnancy, such as malaria, diabetes, hepatitis, and anemia.
Notes on Causes of Maternal Mortality
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
Lifetime Risks to Mothers
Risk of Dying of Maternal Causes or of Losing a Newborn*Percent chance
Lifetime Risks to Mothers
6
1 1
5
9
20
Africa Asia/Pacific Latin America
Lifetime risk that a woman will die of maternal causes Lifetime risk that a woman will lose a newborn*
* Deaths to babies between birth and 28 days.Note: Based on most recent available rates.Source: Save the Children and Population Reference Bureau, Healthy Mothers and Healthy Newborns: The Vital Link, April 2002; and UNFPA, Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA, 2003.
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
2000
Maternal Deaths per 100,000 Live Births
Source: WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, 2003.
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
2000 EstimatesPregnancy and childbirth-related deaths per 100,000 live births
Maternal Mortality, by RegionMaternal Mortality, by Region
13
110
190220
560
940
MoreDevelopedCountries
East Asia/ Pacific
LatinAmerica/ Caribbean
MiddleEast/N.Africa
South Asia Sub-Saharan
Africa
Source: UNICEF, Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, 2003.
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Notes on Maternal Mortality, by Region
•Over 99 percent of maternal deaths occur in less developed countries, particularly in Asia and Africa.•While high-quality, accessible health care has made maternal death a rare event in more developed countries, the lack of such health care has fatal consequences for pregnant women in less developed countries.
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
66
39
35
67
84
92
190
220
560
940
110
64Percent of births assisted by skilled attendants, 1995-2000
Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, 2000
Skilled Care at Delivery and Maternal Deaths
Regional Comparisons, 1995-2000
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
East Asiaand Pacific
Middle East andNorth Africa
Latin America/Caribbean
Central, EasternEurope/ Baltics/ CIS*
* Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Union). Source: UNICEF End of Decade Databases—Delivery Care (www.childinfo.org/eddb/maternal/index.htm); and Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, 2004.
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
40
64
55
32
22
5146
6964
272831
5157
Malawi 2000
Mali 2001
Mozambique2003
Nigeria 2003
Uganda2000/2001
Zambia2001/2002
Haiti 2000
Female Male
Respondents With Symptoms Who Sought Treatment, by SexPercent
Awareness of STIs
Note: The figure presents the percentage of respondents who reported symptoms suggestive of STIs in the last 12 months who sought care at a service provider with personnel trained in STI care.Source: DHS HIV/AIDS Survey Indicators Database: accessed online at www.measuredhs.com/statcompiler on July 26, 2004.
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•Treatment-seeking for a sexually transmitted infection is a measure of knowledge of infections such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—knowledge of the symptoms and knowledge that they require prompt medical treatment. Symptoms typically appear early in males, whereas STIs are less likely to produce symptoms in women and are therefore more difficult to diagnose until serious problems develop. •STIs cause long-term health complications. For example, the association between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer is well established. STIs are one of the most important preventable causes of low birth weight/prematurity, congenital infection, stillbirth, and postpartum infection.
Notes on Awareness of STIs
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
8
3640
31
8
3
17 17
12
3
Canada Caribbean CentralAmerica
South America United States
Incidence Deaths
Estimates for Late 1990sRates per 100,000 women
Cervical Cancer in the Americas
Note: Rates are age-standardized, meaning they permit international comparison in spite of varying age structures.Source: J. Ferlay et al., International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, GLOBOCAN 2000 Database, 2001.
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© 2004 Population Reference Bureau
16
11
19
4
10
8
World More Developed Countries Less Developed Countries
Incidence Deaths
Estimates for Late 1990sRates per 100,000 women
Cervical Cancer, by World Region
Note: Rates are age-standardized, meaning they permit international comparison in spite of varying age structures.Source: J. Ferlay et al., International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, GLOBOCAN 2000 Database, 2001.