© 2009 OSU Canola in the Classroom

IPM uses all tools available for controlling pests

Chemical, cultural, mechanical, and biological tools

Majority of any IPM takes place before seeding canola

Requires forward planning and good knowledge of pest life cycles

Pay attention to previous herbicide applications

Canola has difficulty competing with established weeds

Once established, winter canola will suppress and out-compete most annual weeds

Varieties available for Fall planting and summer harvest

RR varieties contain in-plant tolerance to Roundup herbicides

Apply Roundup anytime from emergence throughout pre-bolting

Never apply once flowering has started

1 to 1.5 pints per acre application rate

Henbit

Common Chickweed

Japanese Brome Cheat

Rescue Grass

Feral Rye

Jointed Goatgrass

Italian Rye Wild Oats Volunteer Wheat

Flixweed Field Pennycress Shepardspurse

Above: Blue Mustard

Right: Wild Mustard

Left: Bushy Wallflower

Below: Tumble Mustard

Can attack at any growth stage

Soil borne

Seed borne

Air borne

Most serious threat to canola

Survives in infected seed, stubble and on certain weeds.

Black pimple-like structures-pycnidia

Shallow white to gray lesions on the leaf or stem.

Leaf spots are round to irregular and usually tan to buff in color with pycnidia present

Fungus

Appears when warm, wet conditions occur during flowering

First symptom-presence of prematurely ripened plants

White moldy growth on surface of stem and pods

Hard black structures(sclerotia) on stem near soil line

Sclerotia germinate to produce golf-tee shaped structures-release spores

Symptoms appear 10-14 days after infection

Fungus

All aboveground parts of the plant are susceptible

Black, brown, or gray spots on the leaves, stems and pods

Spots often surrounded by a light green or yellow halo

Survives in infested crop residue, infested seed and some weeds

Phytoplasm-bacteria-like, plant pathogenic micro organism

Plants remain in vegetative state during entire growing season

Plants infected fail to set pods, produce blue green, sterile, hollow bladders in place of normal pods

Plants remain greener and taller than uninfected plants at harvest

Spread from plant to plant by the aster leafhopper

Scouting should be done November through harvest

Insects reduce yields by defoliating plants or attacking buds or seed pods

Chemical pesticides are rarely economically or environmentally justifiable

Attack cotyledons at emergence

Produce pits or shot holes in first true leaves

Overwinter and attack canola in the spring

Most important insect pest of canola

Green peach and Turnip aphids feed on the underside of canola leaves

Cabbage aphids colonize the terminal buds late in the season

Seed treatment as a preventative approach

Canola can recover from aphid infestation if caught early

Cabbage aphids reproduce in stalk inside the cluster of flowers

Ladybugs have difficulty penetrating the cluster to eat aphids

Scout fields several times during flowering

For every aphid per plant 0.5 pound of seed yield is lost

Start scouting after emergence

Attack larger canola that was seeded early

Overwinter and feed in the crown in canola plants

Larval infestations of crown can be mistaken for winterkill

To scout pull up a few plants and tap the crowns on a sheet of white paper

Problem during cold, wet growing seasons

Defoliate plants in the spring and summer

Treat if 5-10 false chinch bugs occur in flowering racemes

Treat if 10-20 false chinch bugs occur on racemes during early pod set

Fall infestations can cause stand loss