Al.lA}t}t

A jy D,.t

opoa po Ai aioaicHoo ii:

iopai i oyMeHK K()y' ooi apf,HKB-M' Mt-K

1 949- 1 959

a eBepa: 1 949_1 959

io A

Hoa epi, o 7

National Aademy of Sienes of UkraineM. S. Hrushevs'kyi lnstitute of Ukrainian

Arheogrphy andSource Studies

"Litopys UPA" Publishing HouseState Committee for Arhives of Ukrine

Central State Arhive of Publi Assoiations ofUkraine

Litops UPANew Series, Volume 7

The Struggle against the UPAand the Nationalist Underground:lnformational Douments of the

Central Committee of the CommunistParty (Bolshevik) of Ukraine, Partyobkoms, NKVD-MVD, MGB-KGB

1 949-1 959

Book Four: 1949-1959

Kyiv 2003 Toronto

Haioaa Aaei ay paihl y ypaio apxeopal. a

epeoHaa i. M. C. pyeooHAH pai

Bao ..io yA'',Q.ep

i i6pai oye iopif opo aioo pe-y po ypa.lhoo aioao-ooo pyxy poo1949-1959 poi. i oi aepia Malo iopaio-i xapaep i epia y oax l-[epaooepx(aoo pxiy po&rax o6' pal (otoroApxiy {K Koap- pl). flo ipa yiru oye l-[KKoyio apr-j ( iruoi) pai , oo j pii oxopi (M' M.Q) a i.

fl iopi, apxiii, aai yi, yei aix, xo ia icopie p'lh.

This pub|ication ontains documents from the histor of the Stalinistregime's struggle against the Ukrainian national-liberation movement dur-ing 1949-1959. All the materials ae of an informational-reporting natureand are stored in the fonds of the Central State Archive of CiviAssoiations of Ukraine (the former archive of the Cental Committee ofthe Communist Part of Ukraine), The colletion ontains douments ofthe CC CP(b)U' oblast part Committees' and power organs (Ministr oflnternal Affairs, inist of State Seurit)' et al.

This work is intended for historians, arhivists, lectures of highereduational institutions, sluderits, and anone with an interest in the histo-r of Ukraine.

Pei paa:

. oxAH (ciooa), . otH (ciooa),. oyHo' . oP, . Al.llK, . oK,

P. Pl, M. PlK, . AoA

ditoral board:

P. SOKHAN (o-chairman), P. P|CHNYJ (co-chairman),s' BOHUNOV' H' BRIAK, la, DASKVYC, V. LoZYs'KYl,

R, PYRIH' M. RIPCKYJ, lu' SHAPVL

op M. tepa, A. ei, B. oK|^' l. aeo

Compilers:M, Derkatch' A. Kent|, V' Lozts'ki, l' Pavlenko

Peaop C. Hocoaopi-e o. Coo

ditor S, NosovaLaout dsigner o. Sobachko

lsN 966-02-o87-7 (. 7, . 4) ( pii)lsN 0-920092.8o -2 (Cnd)

@',ioc A'' 20@Litops UPA, 200

0.pi ioy A197-2003

oAHl-l!t,! Py|). 1 949- 1 959 PoK

Boa pooo poBy ypaTx aioaii o-iaiapo p)K, i yo oKpa TepeH axi.,x oa-e ei ooi po i poaH i x o aeo a eipa, tlpii -1 940- poi ooo aca. eopo-ia opo oH i A poo ]944-]9a8 pp. po oi-l.iloi ai,l, a He oepaa poo ip y epeaiiloi oa paT, a ia t'i ea (a axiipai), HeKpoBa ypaKoo BBoHoo pX, C|al1 Troi a i ioi.

Oa a oa opa y HHHX a oepil a pooo ii, a pi BHTKoM, aaB eoct4 BcoKM. ao i.,.,a y-i MK po Mo--'li .oii pHeHH poTy, Xo iii a-ai L' i KaHM B'ao aoe aii -BoHOo pX, Ke ,eai ie peaBao a eycoipoo pe)M. y po'i 6 oio xai oi-Ko pop, MCL] pepei i eopai. ao e.L4|C o ipai ioa.

XapapTK TaHoa aa BBoHoo p MoxaaKoo oepHT i epeoeHo opaa M. 1949 p.e-ae pioo Ha.paoHoo poia oH''Maa.. o;]plooo oaoo poo oH. o oei aHa-ao : '.,.'i pa, oei MK, ic Ha Kapa,i alt-l, iipa x opao a oiHe o-i .e ie , J]'lla pO e, pe ce. e aK,iBa MrTo- a a oi L,|BoHoo . Hai aoa --lr i ioi,ti a ii. eo oiioo Kopca-i.] HaBH Ct,l oaH M! op 61 io.ioy py-, KopM pa 123 poi,a;]Ho-oyi y. Bpo-'o)K lleLr;o ipi.l 1949 p. aio poeHH 334 ei.. i l.t,l olpai i ' aeHo.olepa tsHx axoi -

1 paa !{l() o !J '1KB,aL! ooBKoo Io\I-|o apn,lo,[]prrtc al-tl a r.61l-l-|949 aa' 19 op 1949 ' -|! l

o iKioBaHo 120 oo p i ii opaiai oH,o, aoeHo ooH i aapeoao 91 ai oH iA a x pxi. Haio ae ioi caaiiai y . oi aaa ooHoo iooo ayA o. aa (,Qop, ap, |a opoa) i yy B'K poo- oH oo pio ''oco''. ix x opai oH-aBc io pooo aeHpo i .'ao poeeHo aeH-Ho-oepaHo oiaiez.

He e oHM aii ooT Ba a Cai-ai. ue a ep Kapa 1949 p. ioa B.o.aocpopoMT oi 0 i aoo ] 33 ooX py A i ii-x opaiai oH' pa K caHoB7B7 ooi. A ooa i-oBH 1 949 p. C BoHoo p Caiaioaci He..opaoBBa ox aa oHa, 1820 oi. Haipao .0, oTaHi i iii ac ae poi-a oH Kapaoo Kpa i oapa A - ai B. Copa(ee, Kopa, Kpa, o, ico,B). oo p, eHaoo e 6 oi, o ci lp)l(Ha oapa, 14i 1949 p. aaBaa oKoa pya M! ioi ] 4 ooi..,paa CKoeHoo oa To, o ie epeya epi-HKa aKoo BCoKoo paH, B' Cop ,6o oaHo aaKoBaHi e ao y o a KooC oioo oepee. ei,xo i i a BHM aHoM, B|B piy (a e a eMHKa ia) e BaKoBo4, A e paie, epei ]949 p. c.Capi Poxoo paoy y iioa epi paoMi oe oopoHo aryHK pepea C pooy oH Kap-aCKoo pa . i (!e, Cao)s.

ap o ca BBoHoo py Haoc i ix o-a axioo peioy pai. Ha Piei poo i._ep 1949 p. yo iioaa 27 oo p i iix

2 opa oCoo ooa K() o o. cpI acaaapa-HeM HaoHaL4Co oac' 17 aa 1949 . _ LKpai., , 1, a. 2, p' 5944. ap' 5-58

ipaoao a ia i ootlt 3aCKa Caiaoo o-o K() po pea i a opo ii a ie_ae1 949 p, _ Lltlo pai,, 1, o' 2, p' 5681, ap' 7-B7' 1 04_ 1 1 2, 1 29- | 5,146-155' 22_229' 247-256' 266_272' 291_295

a flaa aL1CKa o peaa opt C ol1oBCKM aoa eppop Cacao oa a ape 1949 ' - LJ, pai, , 1,o' 23, cp 568i, ap. 104-1 12

s oa Caacoo oot",ta K() o IlKB,a aMC-e pepea C pao I1pB/7a ''aa_Kaal''' 9 apa 1949 ' _Ao pai., 1, o 2, cp 5681 ' a, Bg

10

opaiai o, o, aoeHo B oo i aapeoao 460yai oHoo pX a [x pxi. B oo 1949 p. . iyi ocpooo pao, ooe oepaBo pot\"4.Q, oi i oo oi pao poi oH a . Koa (Co, Biap, pa, oa, po). o eiioa B.ao aoT aKo) pap paool po-tso.o,, e o eo 90 c. opio aioaio iepa-p io, 6,5 . pipi pop .'3a aoi -paiy oop ep)Ka8''6.

Ha ep.ropii epoio'[ oaci, e i 104 eio-ioi py M.{, poo epoo Kapa 1949 p. yo i-ioao 646oo p i iix opaiai oH' BTpaT KCaHo 726 oi6. xoi poKoBx oepai yo poao9 xpoiz.

poi BoHM poM opaH MB-M poKo B-KopTo HoBlH| e ep oBoeHHX poK|B TaK aH|Cep, ao aepo-ooi p. a epio H 1 94B p. oepee 1949 p. aepo-oo pa io ipoia- i M! yo iioao i aapeoao 1447 yai oHi A, xix pxi. oi ii p, epiM PCP iaa, o pi ai Tx ooo '.BaoCC-Bop' B epe.oBi lii aoepy aeo He.oip, Kapoa aco ,o CaMoHr a a [x aai... oa 'K M, o ioci a.,aH p e.ai aieaC pai aI\Kt opyeHH a aoT oiaioaooi i al,t MopaHoo poKa., M PCP epei 1949p. Bao pieH po peopMBaHH aepo-oox pyp ic i p iiax i aopoo oaUlo a-oBaHH oo aeHp xi.,x oa paI.

o.i a,aHoo He oeHa iepe oia ep- M. Pieo oaci io poKpopoM i MBC

6 ipaoao a iopai Piecoo ao K() po pea-t,l opo aioaic,l ii a il-pee 1949 p - L],iai', ' 1' o' 2' 5681 , ap. 6_42' 9_99

7 ipaoao a ,ooi, 3aCKa Tepoioo o6o K()1po i, opa aJa opa A i ii a ite_epe1949 p - A t':pa|' 1' o. 2, c 5681, ap, 17_2' 4_47, 68_72

lloa, CCP l-tK K(6) o Xo,D'e Blol1l1 opaa^4 |v4 oa-riBe QK K() o 28 ap 194B o,a',O coo

'1 Mpa no Kpee

aeCKo 3HtlC :BcK paBolopa pao CCP,''5|,lto 1 949 ' _ LL1f Kai'i1, ' 1' on 1 7, cp' 22, a, 69_7, 79-80

11

paico opy. ooii ai i 1B paBH -1949 p. o

K K() i a, o ii aao epy ',HoaCKpaBo pae a xapaep i a ioa ice-oM HaceHH'.9.

axoax oo iiaiT aioaioo ii o-BrKa Baa HaaBaa aBoo HaeHH paM oopoHpoaKoo opK (o)' OpeHM y yi po a aioix Hax aaoi. po e i.' o a,o Bpoo 1949-.1952 pp. aHH 'ioi o 6 paipoao a aciaHH oipo K K(). 3a ao a15 epe 1949 p' aix oacx pa yo opoa-o6544 py oxopoH poMaKoo opK, i apaxoBBa86640 ii i a a opoei 50226 olH poT. ooaBaHHM o axa aX ooi i o,,rooo aai aai oH iA. a epiot .1 i o 15 pe 1949 .Ca aa py o io.1 1 ]7 alai, .'icpo ii Ha Kooci o'. A a a i. cep1948 p. r ]5 p 1949 p. eHaM p oopoH poMa-Koo opy yo o 84 i apao B0 ai oH i A'aapeoo 288 pKi aioaiHoo iit0.

Pao M KoMi a ypyaa ai Heoii ioi o. aa 3 HX He aa poi. aoei X p e po Hae)KHoo BKoy, aTo opyai, He BB ioci cyKa aHKa aioa-ioo ii. eo cHeHH aHae e.,oii i pa-y aee BHe o o aoi opo po Ha-ioaioo ii, oipo K K() 23 cep

.1950 p.

(ao oTaHoB ''po axo o oao oie poo- py oopo poMaKoo opK axix oax PCP''l l.

apceai opo oaiapoo pe)K po 3Bo-Hoo pX aaC a icpye1 ,eopaii po ya-i oH i A a ai aioaiHoo i.,i xii

9 ,oaa aKa BoeHoo l1poKpopa oc B,0, pacooopa QK K() o l:1oHeH peLxt+ opo K K() o 22 epa1949 oa ''o aa poo Hape coeco aKoHo teeo,' epl M"' 1B a 1949 , - LL pai., 1' o. 23, cp' 574'ap' 32-4

1a Caa B! CCP o peaa paoI pIl opa oeceo-o l1opKa aat oa pao CCP a po 1 ap o 1 5 ap.a 1 949 oa' 1 B apa 1 949 . - L|A pai, ' 1, o 23' cp. 5944, ap' 5- 1 0

11 io A' oa epi, o , opoa po A i aioai-oo ii: pei ,oKI\/'e llK Koapii pai. 194-1959, -Ki._Topoo' 201 - C.410_414

12

pao+| Cocoo Coy. Xo y opii ]946_1948 pp. Ma-a ax ai oiHo MeHc, ae o oe ap opoo ii, e ie !D oo aoy ay. Ta, epo ipii .1949 p. y ici oaci yo eeo 545 i-e (1B82 oo)'2, a BpooB i_epeH oo )K poK epeiCaiaH Bo 72 po|H (103B oi)l. pooioai e a BepeeH-)oeH 1 949 p. yo eopoaHo 488 i-e (24 oco)a, A a epio i i 1944 p. i o oay 1953 p.i aix oae pai o eeHo Ha oceeHH xii pa.o CPCP 65 906 ie. ei 20 662 ools.

i oepei po, aa apiHo-oocKoo epia ooai cpo oH i A ocepe)Baac Ha poeei o.e iat ci oo oo.o'apa i aoe i ooo Kopo- a aioypaiM eoM, i epa Boi C opyx. Ha ey 1 949 p. y aio peioi o opeo ae 6 ooi, i o'ya oHa,50%o ecK oo,ap. Ae a oca io e He Ba)Ka e o oco-.apM cii ieoi. Ha y oiioo Ka, axioac e yo Mao ax i,

.'e B apix i paopai pooB) ao, a 6a epop eH'Hao. a oi '.XoBa'., Bey opo)K poory''l0.

oo,25 i 1949 p. oipo K()ao oaHo.y ..po eoi i axo oo oeHH Maoo-oioT po-o ea axix i aapacoi oace... oM,oKyMeH-i aaao' o B Maoo-oii i xoi pooi epeeHBa e i p HaHx eoii, i eaHo aa ie ix ooi i oa poo oei-aii. aox ipeao, o aaox eax e ea i.Hoo aK iceoo HaeeHH, op Cp pooi co-

lz opa ocoo ooa K() o oe opt c oCaKaMa paKo-HeI"teKLI aoaco oac. 17 aca 1949 . _ LoKpai.' ' 1' o. 2, cp 5944' ap. 50-58

13 oe Cacaoo ooa Kl1() o xoe op ocaa aKpaKo-eMeK aoaco oa a | apa 1949 ' - LQ7gpai., . 1, o. 2, cp. 5681' ap. 7-B7

1a Cpaa,Qpootcoo ooa Kn() o o|e K,a oHoKooo,no ap o,Qpoot,lco oac a ep-op 1949 oa.1 9 op 1949 . _ LLAO pai', , 1 , o ' 23' p' 5944' ap, 87-97

15 !,oe e a' CeKpeap l-!K Koceco ap -pal oap Kpo . ' 4 ap 1956 ' - LA pai., . 1, o. 17'cp.79, ap 56-70

16ioc A. oa cepi, o 3. opoa po A iaioaic,looi,i: pei oKMe llK Koapi|pa|.. 194-1959' - Ki.-Topoo'2001 - c.367

'13

coBHo oiaicHx epeope Ha ei, o apTiHi opaia-ii i opa aL oa o poo oto oiiaii -poK aC HaceeHH Ha opo a oaoHe HHH a-i aioaioo ii. Haooyao, o oiapooa a ei He pMoaa Ha KpBaHH KoHoo poBioi oH i A' o o iei poo HeocaHo aaricee HaceeHH. K K() oo'a apii oie a-ix i aapaoi oace pix axoi ayHeHH BKaaHX eoii, y oM i oiiya eHBoa opo po ai oH i Ar?.

ia oKMeHT, apio-coBeTKe epi o -pa o piye Haaoae iia Maco a o.Hoo p' ol.toy Koo caoBo eHCo, poox a-x poi xo ioi oeiai axioo peioy.Bya 30 py 1949 p. a apai epeapi ix i pa-ox oiei api, aai paox iii Mio oai, ep eKpeap K K() . MeioBepHyB ooy ya Ha eoxii HeaHo opo TM, o ipy ocai i iii, ay poeopeH i ie ooi. p oy i aoo: ''KoM po He poeeMo B Ko>(Hoy ei o po BecH' oe Ha plK B|'HeMo paBy aepeHH KoeK|a|i' a Hae Ha pi pooo ica aioaix a' oy op i ia HoM oCo.api ee p MaT...'' r 8.

Heaa Ha e, o oaiap pe oio Hapo-BaB c i i eo opo, CpMoBaH Ha oaTo- ii.ai BBoHoo pX, poe ii v1|o ia- po' ii o6aci oai i i.ipolo)K epo ooBH 1949 p' ic ] ]4 aoB-x ai. a ie_epeeH oToHoo poK Ha epeHa Pi-|/1V|, Ca ica i Tepo i po e i i aBaoioio 44, 4 i 24 api o opox o'eax, a epopCi a po apio-oBeCKX paii i i-eBoo aKTBy. epa x i ca 22 ocolg '

17 ioc A. Hoa cepi, o , opoa po A i aioaiu-oo i,i : pei t'oKe ltK Koapii. pai. 194-1959' -K|_opoo' 2001 _ C, 65-71

18 Kei ' B apC opo - pai,i ( 1 9a6_1 956 pp ), _ K. '1999. - C.60-61

19 ipaoao a Bia a iopai icco' Caicaa-o, Piecoo i Tepoioo ooi K() to K K() a i-e-epB 1949 p' _ L]Ao pa|H, .1' o' 2, cp' 5944' ap. B_40;c. 5681, ap' 17-2, 6-42' 4-47' 68_72' .7-B7

4|

a .a iooo iopa . aocKoo Bpoo)ci-lep 1949 p' poe ii io o 300 a-i, x ie ooBH CaHoB| oopoi oT i y ia M-MB' Hai aKHo i oai i ii-HK Ha Caicaizo ' i oaci a aHoM a ] i 1 949 p.ixi apaoBa 26 oo p (165 o.), ]94 iiiopaiai oH (901 o.) i 329 opeo ix ooi _ Boo] 395 ocizl.

!io eopoioo poopBa BBoHoop Haa| 3aaa KoeKT|a| c|Koo ocoapBa'Ka epe ae po oH i A poyBaac oio, Biopai Pieoo ooy api i ] epe 1949 p. o KK() oioo: ''Kepi|1|l' aHKa oH Bcoy iioH i oo opor aa ai ai po poBeeHHMaoBX epopx ai po iiiaopi BopeH Koo-i i oocHoo aKB''22. Caiai oaci BpooB.l949 p' i4 ici 1950 p. i yapi pooo i.i aHyo20 oi ipa, 19 oi Kooi, 30 i oHoaeiii, KM Haeaa poia po iei oeiaii aaX HoBoopex o oiz.

oa MoxBoCi ooo p B MoBa eooHaTK oaiapoo peM i poa BTpa BB|"4C Hel,o-cai, o paac poTCTo aoa coeo Ba'a ,ii oeiaii ioo ocoapa. l caMe oa-BHa.aa Mo ioa oooi ryai a i ioo-c Bpoox 1950_.l 951 pp. iiaiT pBaH ceHK oc-olt],ap y aioy peioi, o oaoo iipao aoy apooo ii. Heapeo oii K aa 1951 p' po-KoM popoMy oHo KpalHKoo BBoHoo py.

Xo poe ii ooo eKpoBao y epiiopoi, oai i ii 6 e ,aHM a i aC oaKH i, i oio HepBa peaHi oeoBaIA aix oax. Ta, ooii ai Caia-oo oo api i 23 BpeCH 1949 p. o K K() oio-

2a LaKoBC eB' lcopi pai.coo ica, ,Qpe /7ol1oBeeBaH _ K.' 1991,- C 1B0

21 e o peaa Coco|1 6opt ol1oBKM 6ao aeppopI4 Cacaco oa a l apa 1949 . - L]o pai, ' 1,o, 2 cp' 5681, ap' 104_1 12

22 Kei A. B' apc opo JH-IIA pai.i ( 1946-1956 pp ), - K,,1999.- C.60

2 Ta cao,_ C'6

15

oc: ',...XapaKep .o'iCHeH apoiB BpooB)K epH Mi- . p. i po aiai paTo-aioaiooii B HapMKa: 1 . |eooie opoeH aee ixo poo)KeH H aH pa., HK i o. 2. ip ojioi: a) epi i opo poMCoBo-oo.apl(o'ri , epxaHo- Kooepa BH x i ypo-oiix aHo ;) epop-aax, a apio-paHKx paii i i-eBoo aK|B',24,

Tp oa a iaoo apiHo-CoBecoo epi .Ba He ya eiaBo' a)e Bpoo paH_coaa1949 p. oai i ii ic| a epopi oai212 ai, aio KX paT ioi B|v1|'t1, opaHe- i BeeHM o iy cao o 200 ocizs.

Cepe ai peoaHx i pooo ii 1 949 p. ao o 24 o y oi CMeHHa i i-Ta . aaa, io o'aHoo oaiapHM pe)KMoM, poaaHo oooo aeTy i oyio[ ieooi aepeHax axi oace pa. 3a aeyp|i a|M!, cpay po iiai aaa iiia poi, oH a P Kpay (epo). eoepee epio i.,oooia oi apao poi P. -{ea c(y-Typ)' a oo BKoHaBM M. Caxp (Ceo) a |. y-KaeB26. Hayoo H ep epeap K K() M'p-o iopa po o ' aaaocaCaiaz'

o poox .1 949 p. ao-ryo a ie aa aK-oi pooo ii oKpeM oa axi.oo pioypai, poe ioy BBoHa opoa, KepoaHa BP i oH,ooo Bpaaa HaCaH i opaioa apaKep. poia a oi opoi, Ko Tpa ac ya A,acio )KK pa i epeo epea poHKa ep-aa oCaHHi ooi, o H|A| aea poB oa-iapoy pe)KM' aoaoa e 1946-1947 pp. epexii pox oBCTaHKo-apaHx i o opo po-o iii ao Bor aepeHH 3 epe 1949 p., o

2a Kei . B apc opo _ paii ( 1946_1 956 pp.)' - K,1999.- C.70

25 ipaxoao a ooi aCKaM Caiaoo oo apii'o K K() a paBe_Coa|D| 1949 p' - lLA pai', ' 1, o 2,p 5681' ap' 129_15' 146_155' 223-229' 247_256' 266-272' 291_295, 13_1B

26 oi epop i epop pai-i' XIX_XX ' lcopli apc. _K.' 202._ C'756

27 oap Ca ' B' 25 op 1945 , _ LIA pai, ' 1 'o. 2, cp' 5681 ' ap 275_276

16

Ha iTai pieH BP i 29 ep 1949 p. oo KoapA P. yxe Haao Ns 2 aoBo pH ii oca-ix iiii i ai oBcaHco api 6oo o iopai pai. Bi i, i paie KoHyBa ioiia A, epeaac TepopiaHM poBo.a oHz'

Ha ai 1948/1949 poi oio i ae i-oi pooo ii. op poBeeHM epio-e-popcH i eai ia aa aa epa K Ha o-peH epei ii aioaj||1 opei oaxeHpax, iax i ex paox Haeex HKTa, a i a a-oaKaHH'.eaH'' i oH. oo,e HaeHH Haaa-o aeHH o aB BoHoo pX eHo a iooo.tl|.

Coea Baa, e io i oo i, po-aH Ha oao iiai atoaioo ii, oy.oo oBaa i opao-cxooi C a oai iiii a x ai. 5 epe 1949 p' oipo l-{KK() Bao oaHo ''po poeH ip C.oBXpoei y aix oaX paio PCP a oKpeM aC-HKaM ao-epopHX p''. Ha yy iiiaopi i a-op|B oo .oKMHa, ipl yoi poe a oBHoHy Ha CpaBy opo ii oH, iep i x i-pK iee HaeHH. ayao aM ao op-aiya ai poe . Coe.poooT oai, ' opoxiBooi oai' . Pie, . ya epieoT oaizs,

28 p 1949 p. oipo K K() cxao aa i-ipa.,pee PCP Ns 312 i 28 pH 1949 p. .'po e p-HeH H o apoT loi.aoi ya KI aLl.li popo -eHx paTx aioai a axix oaxpaoi PCP' i opoio ooC o opai paHC-oT a oHHo,. i oo'ao oo K() aix .ae .o.oe i oo oKMeHa o HaCeeHHO.

Bo . aaa poTo oiiy Mo. ayaio i MBC_M.Q ' Cyoao' oep)

a epe H aBaHH HaaMepe ,.oepe|^c Ha po-Ky Baa)i aepiKoo ii a ix iiai''l.

xe apii 1949 p._ Ha oaTK 1950 p. ii ii KK() BCv| a apix aKBaX axix oax pai,ocepe Bary iex apio-oBecK paii aopei oaooi iiaii CpoB ypaix aioaii.apaepo oM oei ya pooa epoo CeKpeapK K() . eioa Ha api epeapi apopaiai. lpooa i opaa g i ]950 p', e, oi iH, o-C po oxii payBa i ia ai pooo i-i. BoM cryi epi pacx oyii KoHCary-a: ,,ao ai opa _ aoii eii _ oepe.)Bao poory a opoi oyi iox aCBaX' pix y-p. poory pea yo poo|, ae oHoa oxioyo e BKa o opy io. Bopo e i ooo yrpMa' _ Haoo . MeiKoB, _ o6 i e a io-HK a epe ioo i ioo HaeeHH'..''. lai ep- epeap K K() ipe, o

.. Bopol o i po' aeoo aK Haaa a B'oK HaceeHH ir cepepoii ipe, loi yao, ryei yox a-ai' epe. ooi, epe xio,'. Bi ao HaooB: '' Hae a-.aHH aar B o, o ioaT Bopoa i ae,6 oo ix aeex yi iaa } Moy''2.

oy, aao, o aepaHoo ap o aio-aioy ii, oia aa 1950 p. Meo ,o-oMo ie opaa epxee aiaa o axix o-ae pa pae ipe

-l 00 ipoii e-paHoo aapa PP a 5B9 pe.ai pai Mi xioo eioy, Biry] coi H ooo M.,, o ci HaaHK lV-o pai eepa-ea. Coao' peyai .,i epo oepaH a-xoi i aHpH oiai 5 epe 1950 p. . ioopa ioo, aa y ai pli i peaa Bopoa, poio aHB oo KoMaHp A, poi oH pai i ooa eepaoo ceKpeapiay BP P. e+.

1 Coao ae' Paea Kpe. a KeaoB.'e. - MoKBa, 1996'_ C. 01

2 Ket A, B' ap opo ol-1-|1 paii (1946_1956 pp')' - K' '1999,- C 71-72

Ta ao, - C. 73a Cpaa a pKoBote ooBCKoo |1o,|1o B aat,tx oacx

CCP - ea eHpaoo poBota ea P,, - ,Qepa apiC ee pai, . 1 1, cp' 7448, ap' 1-B

1B

o pi iei oepaiT . Cyoao o oaax e, oi oo epi ,.p}D( oop 3axii paTi io Ha a i .Ko aXHB''s' e, oHK, e ioiao ioi. Pao MCMep P. xa paa a o a, Ko C| |AoHoo pHeKpoBaC y epii opoi i aya MoMeH HeMHooopaHH opaioaoo poy pooo ii oH.

T ao apio-oeKe epio pai e yo He epei LllBa pe a i iai e pi a aioai-Hoo ii i22 pe 1950 p. poHo a aiai o.ipo K K() aHH po ao oo oe opo6'' iaKaM oyioo ii axi oax PP''. ya a.CXaHa.,ooi iipa epxee PCP M. Koaya po xiBKoHaHH B>e aBaoo HaKa M' Ne 1 2. a acia'eKpeap K K() o. Kpeo i e oipo l-{K l. Cei ep.H a Ha poaHH ioi epopTx ai o po-oo ii. ryax o aKo) po eoxiic oicy poo, iya oi oo 6opo6 ii oH,Hy pa ctc a i oo, Be apoaTpoBeeHH ipx o poei Ha oa iiiaM Ta iH. o xaeo pie iorya poya aiai oipo K K() ciay ocaHoB oo -aHH36. o,,a.,o i poy a oKMeH e y opaoa.

Cep P. xea, ei Bpa KoMaHHo-poixapi a pii oKp, apaoi i aoi, ai pyoi ip-l"4aHH opaiaix 'i eB Ho eopaiya i-i pooo ii, ae e He Ho ocai i i-ii paHHHi pooxa aHoK opoy' i oepei po, ai ao io aioaie iia Caiai, ., oo aa HapaxoBBao 940 oi, o'r-HaH y ai 15 oox py, 148 ii opaiai oH. lxM poOB l950 p. io 144 aiz.

T ao i.i oH paia pii eHTp BBoHo-o p a eipai'i pa a He Ma epoi iopaii po.o P. yxea. To x e a.Koo i a 31 pa 1950 p.

5 oaao ao, Baaa pa. - C. 05'6 io A' oa cepi, , opoa pa A i at1ioaictoo

ii:,Iei ,oKe L]K Koapii pai., 194-1959' _ Ki'-To1oo,201 _ , 97_41

7 e a coc opt oaKa aoooo oo Ca-cao oa a 7 MeCe 1951 o,qa _ LlA Kpaj.I1, 1, on 24,t, B5, apK. 5-61

19

paoi . aHBa oeioo paoy Caiaoi oai iaa ecaHaa pa 4 ooi, a 3 ep B'aaC aHHM oH i ep Hoo aaaac BaHo ii .y poio oH paii' 3 oy Ha e, o paa pi.Baac oio, po KHy apayi ao ioo M..Baio oepaBx axoi e.,ia 7 .1 950 p. a-o iiya Ha op.,oi .poooT i CaiaoT oa- epia Cpoo paooo poBo, oH lpoooToai .,ea'. ioo aHKa _ Kpa (Kp), a xo.iepecpi 6 ,Bo apai. li a apayC epaie i Ha B.o oKpy>HM poo.o oHs.

epy . ao, e epi 1950 p. aoepei ei pooy oH paii 6 ooopei -aHH oioo i ypioo oiHoo TaHoBa i 8 -H oo po po iopaii BP pooC.o oioepo Te, o i epi . a. eepa-opH)Koo P. yxeao oo eepaoo CeKpeapiay BP i oooo KoMaH-pa A oi oKoBHK Bac Koa (B. Ky).

Hapii 1950 p. aioaie i] oHeo e o-H )

oBCaHi ic 63 aii, HB 34 peai oai-apoo p)KM4r. Ha epeax epoi i oppeepepaooo pooy oH ''oi'. ''pa'', poi epoi-l(oo oKp)KHoo poBo.o, oH .'oe'', poi epexaco.o i CaaKoo apaox pooi, pepeH C Kpee-HeKoo Ha.,paoHoo poo, 11 paox pooi oH i 3-lKoa ola - coo 144 oco, oi cTaoe pao-Ha, e ai aHo i oai i i.iHK' epi-o epoiKoo ooy K() iiao, o ''HaeH He B- oioT aoi...'.p poeei ooapo-oi-H axo,i apli i pai opaH B ea pia- i p poTBo, i i oo a pae iKoM. opaHH, oooi iiia He B''. .'3HaHa a-a H ooCHKi aaa ee aKBHo H ooB-'|',42 .

oi a prH H M oao Hoo poTy poooi,'i axix oaCT pa paBao o, i ] 95.1p. oi Cocoo Coy ia Hapaa aai o-aHx ypai M!, a i yB ceKpeap K BK|() . Ma-HKoB. o aoM poopxei Hea aepiai ie apa,a.le ioo, o Ha i io po iiai o oa 1952 p. yixaioai|1| opaiai , i i axioy peioi PP4.

Heaapo aHH opo aKaM oH oo-opei a apai M! pai'. ep eeap K K(). eio i.a pi pooy opai epeeK, aBa-)K, o a 7 ii 1951 p' 1276 opai po aioai-Hoo ii e 85 .,oc oHoo peyay. oopBo. api BCoKooaoe KaaB: ''o a po-paBrTc Ha .'BoMa-poa eKlcaM oMy' o BoHy i..' Ma, o Haao i 6aHIiB''44'

po a ioi pai ooHo BKoHaHH a.,aH-H, oaeHoo oco, cia iooei -,| 5 ep1951 p. epM CeKpeapeM K K(). Meioeiaxo-

a1 e o cooL1 opt c ocaKaMLl aoocoo o,|1o BCacaco oac a 7 ece 1951 oa' _ LlA ai,, ' 1' o,24,cp B5, ap.5_61

z Cpaa o ec a,a a eppop Tepooco oac-. i8 aca 1951 . _ LlAo pai', , 1, o. 24' cp, B05, ap. 67_68

a opa o Xop paot o KBtta ooBcKoo aa a{Jp|4op Boto oac' 6 op 1950 , - LlAo Kpai.H, ' 1' o.24,1, B05' ap, 189-19

aa Kei A B. apc opo |1_A pali (1946_1956 pp.). - K.,1999. - C 79

21

.o', pMoBaHi Ha oeHH poo opaHiB M i apiHopaHiai o.o

.'popo aKiB aH oH axi.,x o-ac..' x axoax ooBHa Baa epaac a eoxiiKopa ii epio , oaoHoo He aioai-Hoo i.,i, He ,a oo a Xoac a o a yyepax, ioa ix i ieBoo Hae. Bxo. Too,o ai oaHi i iii ya aioaa y 50 pa-oax axioo pe|oH, pooHBao ocepe aCHi M!, ooy exi, xox coa, poop aeH-pH pooy i cop oepai p, l(oHy K loclv|1 0- 1 5 oepaB|1|t| pai a i xix oae pai+s.

a, apKa, Caiai oai, a aaacBepHe BBoHoo pX, i M aiao i-LJJLL 2- pa, C. epeKaC .,o.,aKoo 2 ii.Copa Ba oii 6aao i M a aBoa-Ha, opya eiai yapi p i ipiieoi' Ha epoii yo opaioao 43 oepao-ioi p, }o,o CKa x yi 12 ai oieioepai pai, o ci 2 M. PP46.

a\^^6-,,-^ ,,^ -;,., '\JUUUJ|tsa ytsa|.a epaac Ha |KB|.al Kep|Hoo Ka.aioaiHoo ii. Ta, a TaHoM a 25 Toa,a1 951 p. oBaHH a HaM pooy oH e 6 p (82 oep-pai). 65 oiepi i 1224 oai i . ]15 p.ica poK ei HoB pooi47.

3axo 5 ep 1951 p. opaHa epee ei-apa oH M. Maia (ix), p6 paiy , '-aHH aH aioaiHoo ii i aao.xe 'ioo epia C. aepo, Ha'XHo M! PCP e ia paio p i aopoH eHTpaM BBoHoo p, ae Ha BopeHH e,oa pooi oH. a.eM a||v1|/1 1951 p. i Ka, Koo, Ka.e-oi-c ''opyxi poBo.,''' 4 ''paoi pool'' i 6 opx '.i-ix p,,4B. a eeii epeaa opaiai e-eHoaHoo eHTp yi ai oace PP. oi

45 eoope fu|po|1p 11 CeH paot opaoB laplx opaog o papoN1 oCaKoB a B aatl oa 15alca 1951 , _ L'AKpa|, ' 1' o' 24' p B5' ap' 62_64

oi epop i eop pa|i: XlX-)a c' lop,li HapC' _K''202,-C 761

ql Ta ao' _ C' 759l iaoao a ia i oia Caicacoo i Tepotco-

o ooi apii o K K() npo ca i axo opo aioaiii a 1951 p. - Llo KpaiH' . 1, o 24' p 805, ap, 5_61' i94_202

22

epX KaH.ap Ha ooB aKoo ep eataM. Maio.

Maoa HaC a aK aioaiHoo ii, pooaB epH 1951 p.' ooB oei ai oy- HaH peyai' 3a epio 1 ep .l 951 p. o 17 i1952 p. Ha epopii axix oae o iioao 172 epi.a i ea poo.'i oH, ] 13 oapi oio, coo 949 oi. x 635 yo o i 252 aoneo )M. opaa M, ao- aKo> H 50 ei ii opci a Ka'e-oii oax. ioi Ha pepei ii oaiapoopeM BBoHoo pyx i i.'oi e 79 ai+s.

oa i a ioy o epei oi e BaTo-ya api o-oee epio. oii KI BaaB, opi Mo oo iiai aioaiHoo il,o BeH 1952 p. e 6 KopcaHi i aae aHo y axi-x oax pal aae HapXe. ioBKI\4o)HoBai xaa a oaHa, o epi BoHoop ''o ocipai i Bo Bopo pooy Be, apai pXoBaHo i eo i o aKK''. HeooeHH K-KaB i o a, o opaH epeeK o oo ay He yiBpoBaT co aep poi oH a ii y iii paoia opyxi poBo, o e o px aepHx ioi o Ke-pii aioaiHoo iis0.

Haei 1952 p. pa i apio-oBKX.ii -paioi PCP a pa Kpei . Cai. i a poMo- o po oi i oiao-eooiHe CaHoBe -paii' oy i i axio peioi. 24 i oo poK oi-po K K() poHo aHH ''po aa apioT opa.iaii pai oo KoHaHH aH oapeM Cai ai-o-l4 i 1952 p.'' i epoo eKpeTap K K(). Meioa aHaaoc, o i a poMoB . Cai, opKa-.l ioi oH, KaaB, o oia iiai aioa-loo ii ipa HaCreHH aix oae, Ko-CllHK|B ip iei taHX oBeKo Bao axo.i.lleio aKeHBaB Ba Ha eoxi.oi e oT po- opai M. oo oaooo opie ai oH,e tipa Haee axioo peio lp o aioaii.

a9 ionc oa epi, , . opoa po A i aioailoo,,i;1i: pei o QK Kaapii pai'' 194-1959' - Ki._Topoo,?1, _ C. 462-46

50Ta cao, _ C' 464_465

2

Cepe piope aa cyaa oa oo Ko-oioo io ooi, ie )Troo i o-oi, o Mao CTpMa oaix i...ooo aioai-HoM ii. K K() opB BoeM Cepeapiay i-oBa poeK ioioi oCaHoB ipo K K()s'.

9 pa 1952 p' oipo K K() xBao oaHo''po oae oe opo oaoo iiai a-i a paIK ypxax aioaii y axix o-aT PP'.. oei aHaaoC, o ooH aB-.,aHHM apix opaiai i ix aii opai M.Q .KoHaHH aio . Caia po oHe opie y aopo- epi yix py i ii oH i aeeeH oioo)K i poo p axi, oae paisz.

l op pa HeKpoBeH aM aioaiHoo ii-, Ke a aHo a 17 i 1952 p. HapaoBao o 650 o-poeH oi, oo|o B|p|/x'na ae HaTK iioepea>aoo Bopoa. Bxe ]7 ep 1952 p' lpoo o-o K() ooi K K()' o Bpoo)K paBH-ep o-ai eo 5 i axoeo 8 ei ol-]. Baxa oiie i aioaioo ii 10 paoi. 15 pao-ax i poK 67 oai i i.'ii. 3a epio 1 pao 1 -i 952 p' a ii y oi iioai po-.,i apao, Kpa, Heepi, Beoo-i i Ki paoi poBo oH, oi ''ca', i'.Coo''', Bcoo iioao 45 oi, y oM i 38 eo. Tepoii oaci o 1 cep 1952 p. aoc |1p|41|4HL4|4ii 1B oox p i poi oH, t1| oHa 60 ia-Xo1 13 ei aioaiHoo ii, poec ape 85oi, 'ax BoH po. pai oo polry poit pa oH '.oi'' B. e (a1s. Me iBv|B|Ac i M ilx axix oa, o o aK opaioee i ie aoeH oi 1952 p. ioo

51 ioc . oa cepi, , ' opoa o A i aioaicooii: pei ,oKIvIe llK Koapi| pa1', 194-1959, - Kj.-Topoo, 201,- C 471 -472

52 Ta ao. _ C 476-485s ipaoao a iopai ,Qpoooo, icoo i Tepo-

iJ1cKoo oKoiB K() po i BKoHaH l-locaHoB! oipo K K() i9 oa 1952 p' ,,po oaLue oeH opo ocaooj ii,ai| a-tui a pai. p>a aioaii ai, oa PCP''. -L! pai', . 1' i-|' 24, p 1 71 B' apK, 87-89, 1 a6_1 9' | 1 -1 2

^

ia oH B. oxpioa. Bi ea BP p pay, o i epiTo BBoHM oM.

oa, K 'Caoc apii 1 952 p., i oo pay ai e.aoC opa i aaM oo aBepeHH oTaoHojiiaij aioa iHoo i i. oo ee i a Bo-r Bpaao aKBHic, aao a pa HcpMoB. HoB i oy.oBo a oo ia i a i ap-T oBeTKo-apioy epiy pai, Ke He ao Mo)K-oi ipaopBa Moi po KoHa aio . Caia.

i oo o, epio po ii He Moo HepaBa M|'4 paaM, i i o pyx. ae 1951_.1952 pp. epia oot.too ocepK poaa ppooi oH i aaHKa oixooo iiy A ' eya(epo oaa, Bo, Ceep), poia oH a P Kpaa (epo) i oapa A _ ii |. ya (!yo-, ac), ix poix api a eopaHo. epi1952 p. aHH o.,aoi ioi aioaicHoo iiyo ooopeo a ypii poia oH paii B. Kya(ei, Koa) epio paooo poo oH a B.aao (opa). a ie oaHHoo, Meo epexeapi '.ei.. cXBc .'o oo, o ''oic py1vIH|B|.Kp .'itc ii, a e i ieooiy iooyai oyix api p oTpMaHHi aioIoipai'', Poaa aKoX .oi i pe.o,oKai i a-i.oo peioy xit oai pa cix yii

,.epix i p-

oBX oyii'', o aao, o a iy pai MoB xoiee, i a aoi54.

Boe 1952 p. a iai aoeH oi a oiaapeoBax ix i BoHoo p opaH M. apoKl BloMoc| po oHoBHl HapM |Hocl Ha|oHa|cT-oo ii paii, i i po opaH epopHxai a ocepexeHH oCHoBHoi a a ypioopaiaiia xoi pooi, aai iix api, epeei 'ia i. Mea x axo,i oaa B oM' o ioa i opa-iaii i i.i.o aoioT pao pai i oo.BM opMa KoHKpei aa Ha Bao i5s.

Cep 5 epe 1953 p. . Caia a iH, i a yoM eoi Ba y Moci, BHe oii KopeKB a-

5a Kei A. B' ap opo o-A pai.i ( 1946_1956 pp.) - K'1999 - C. 82

55 eopaa e Qepaoo oie Koicoi apiiKpa|'2-4 lep195po'_L!opai.' 1'o, 1,cnp 1120'ap. 1-52

25

paKTep 3ao|' |HBaH oa|apH peoM ooHoopo oH paM axio peioi CorooCoy i, opea, pai. e epei oi y o'a ii ea peii K KPC' epoo ayHKa ooPa iicpi CPCP i iicpa ypiix pa CPCP . epiT.oia ie i ioKoM aepoai i ooo'ai opa M-MB' e o .ooK Ta oie aoix oa y Kpei.

He aC .0,o aH ooBHo pH apeLU, aC-)eHH i ayoi pa . epii, eoxio HT, o aHa-e i y peKpaHo oiopoa po TaH aHKoM.ioo ii peyiax aii i paiia eo oopeHH. Bi, ixo i, ioa eoxii p-HHH opcoo opo oaiapoo pe)M poT Ha-ioaicx pxi, )Kpo o ie HaeeHH.

Ci pyC||, o . epi' He oya oTie epeKoHaHH oyi' y oHM ep co-eCKo-apioy epii, o pay a oiai.He cyio ..K o',. ep KpoKoM oM api ao Ta MpoTBopeHH axioo peioyPCP' poKa peaiiai )KepTB oix pepei 1930_-1 940-x poi, ao oo poB aioaoT aooci,Kp i o apoi CPCP.

aae aax i ie i.'o.oc pai. Be epei epe -l953 p. Ha oa iipa piix paPCP y pHae pi ' epii . Me, eaoai epii poix i.poii epaHoo aaparyiiepa, 18 i 25 aai oax ypai MBC PP56.

Heoi iei opa .'pxeeK opN4a aipo aopoH BKopoByBa i.o.,i ypii i .,oBo aai oax MBC. Ape ei ii oHoBoBc e ai MBC, p oM aopooC aco-oa po, a peKoeyao axoBa oai iiii BM. yo pHeHo BKoHaHH CMepH po.i, eeHX aHKaM BoHoo p. Hoe pioMBC oepe,o Ha eHHi oiao-eooioo cTao-Ba B pecii, Bepa Ba Ha epH B KoocHoyii, a epeia peKo-Kaoi, a aoi, a-o-co eiai pepeil oo ieoo ypaioo Ha-

56 Beteee ,p, aoa p, t ape ep Kpa-l1K aoaCo? // epao e,e' _ 201 - 7

26

eeHH, Ke BHaBaoc iTpMi aioaioo i-l57.

[-{epae ie y axoa MB PP ioo Co-peHH TaK BaHoo ..poo oH'' eeoaHoo y oi, aB oo ai aeH ep)Ke' oi acHK B-BoHX MaaH 1s17-1920 pp., eH |-]epoi Pa i e.oio

.'ap''. Hapit paBH 1953 p' M aeHo oo-o ypi . Me. axa yai oi, oKpeMa!. Bee i . aoaJ ocHoBHa ea aaoi ai oaaB ToM, o a'a aioaicoy .ii Mlry po i-oy i pooBeH pciHo-epopCo opo poio Ba i epe aKeHT ioi ii oH a e-pei o poaaoi poo i, ioMy paHK' oKKoMpoMiC p)KMoMsB.

opa o.. Mo, MBC PP oao oBa po-eKT a o poia oH a ypaiK eM B. Kya, po-oH aioaiHoM i.,i ca po i eaiya-c. oM pai ea oH apaao )K, cooa,paeaaH, opMaHH oT oi oo59. o pooi oBepHeHH BCaL a xi., poH, ie io-MX epKoB ii oo. i oo, . M ,a ai o- ieM pHT epeiaHH peKo-Kao Ki860'

T ao 2_4 p 1953 p. y Kei iy ey |-{KKoapi pai' aa TaHH '.po ocaoy l-{KKPC i 26 pa 1953 p' ''a axi oace paT-oi PCP'. i ooiy aK o. . . epiT o pei K KP''.Cc oei, aH y Moi, oa oM, o epo-i o i eoi epii axi oac pai o po |-{K Koapi pa i epoo eKpeap l-{K . Me-ioa cav1 oi ooBH pH, i e .I1oo oca-oHo aMa poB ypaToo aioaiCHoo ii.

yi pyoo eKpeap l-{K Koapii pai o. Kp-eHKa, oo Kp BcBaB aic . Meioa, Haooa-o' o ai,x oacx pai poBe.eo oeiaiioo ooapca i iioBaHo KpKo _ ooy oi-aHo-eKoHoio a aioaici. 3aae peHK aKoX

s Beeee !,Mp, anoa p. t ape ep pa-CKM aoao? // pKao Hee, _ 2001 ' _ 7

5 at\'l Cao59 aM caMo6a Cao eop. oa ooa. Papo Boopp!

iKpec B, o .'a K pxaHx HaioHaiciB,. p Ma

i o' o io e yi oiia aoyiLili HaCeeHH axix oace po aioaii, o-KaT pix epeKpeH. po H.ocaH yay epi-HBa K K pal i ooo ' Meioa o oieoiao-eoot'ioo CaHoBa axi oax, poB-y ypaioi yyp | MoB, BKeHH ieoo aeeH Byio-o|He' eooie i ype >K o -yax ix ai eHM61.

3 po poo KoHoo M! yB Ha eyiiip pii cpaB PP . Me. Bi aooB' o Ke-pio opai epxeeK,''aoBc MaCoBM i-KoM oepai, aeao aeHpHo-eiy poo i Heoo oo MoMeH' Ko ioi oepai, eoi.i i op-i ep pio ie paT i.' ieo-acaap i , ca aopo , aB popaBaH H Ha-eeHH i, o yi, i a pK Bopoa,'' Me TaKox BHBa- oTx opeHi y o, o oH a|UJI e ya a- ay ip aioaiHoo ii, K Kaa 24 oi -oix poi aC)KeH i ai aHco-rCKoo i.'i, 76672 ooiK, opi , oo ieaiya , aaKo HeBaHoeo ioci e, Heao-BoeH aK B. '.oio pCiKaiT.'62

B xai oaoi eHM K K pa i.,i, oaa ooa ix apix i pa opai, H.'o.aHe epio oy t-{K Koapi pal pBe o o-o' o epe,, aoi aTH HaeeHH axi oace iyHeBooeH H oo.apK . o i i yp axo-,aM, o i a icx. Haooyao, o axi epii oa apix i pa opaa axix o-ae oi pai i Cxio pa, a aKo> ixpeyi CPCP. x ox aKaax BKa.,aHH Beepea)Ho poio MoBo.

Biaao aKo)K, o opoa aioai i-i aTo BeaC oM MacoBX ppei i eio.i-KoB oepai, o acoBaH pepei B|KKae He,,oBoeH-H HaceeH i o pi opo pya aioa-ia. Bpoox 1944_1952 pp. epaM pepei aa>eBeKa ii e.

Ceopaa eHM llepaoo oie Koioi. apiipai.,2-4ep1953po._L]opai.,, 1,o. 1'cp 1120'ap, 1-52

62 Ta ao

28

Po Haoo Ha oM, o Heaoie epio 'i-i KoMoMoKX opaiai oK apix oai a-xi,x oae peo o aea ieo-xoo poope. ooi i ope '.pHT ipoi poo opoi pa., oj a', oo o ypyao- aioaicHoo ii'..

oaoi ipecBao' o, Hea)a Ha aaopi- opoy a iiai aioaioo ii, oHo ''BCe eie, a oo a po,oBy epopa Haee''. e-l K Koapii pai aB pie H . Meia oca. epoo eKpeap l-{K i apeB HK ei.,aX a-xoi oo CHeHH iiex eoii i popaxyi, aa aeoxiic pe aa icee HaeeHH i aaepe i-eiei o epxaHoo yia, pHoo i poao-o 6.

o eaHaea oCaHoBa i aiei He axo ,-K paoBM apeTo, a oi i popio . epiT e y pa.ioai B oBHoM oi, e oH He Mo He BHT Haapo .e axi oax, opo)a| B H ai a i-i oo oxB oBHX epei y oii ToalTapoope)K.

o.a Ha epeHa axi.,x oace pai e yxaa o.poa i aioaic i,i i oaiapM pe)

poe a epei oi e BaoBa oii Ki.a axa, o ''aBepeHH iiaii pei opoe aa ii pax ypxax aioaii poocoi ea..oio''. ooBe HeoBoeHH B|KKaa a o-TaBHa, o opa MBC ..poo)y poB aoy-i i eypoi, e Bop HapKeHH pooi o o-poi peTaM oicx a.,',, o aeHpo-oepaBHapooa ai oax aeaa, a eei eic-o-icox oeoai aae HKo66.

eo paKaHoo BpaBeHH cTaoa pi|-{K Koapi pal 3] p .l953 p. Ba|a oao ''poa iiaii peo a pac aioaii y aixoax paicoi PCP.'. L{e oe iaa pi poo-y MBC pa a oo opai aiH oax, aa i.,|1|4,,B>KLI iox axoi i aeeT oBH iiai a-opo TpoK peoK oioo ii a oo opoexa,'. LIK Koapii paT BepH ay iipa ypiixCpa PP . Cpoaa i aai oax pai MBC a, o BoH He epcoHay ioi.,ai a BKoHaHHoCaBeHoo epe.o, H aBaHH67.

xe a oaK Hooo poK eMBe. o epx C-ixi. 28 i .1954 p. epa MBC a oipaHKBapTp peepeHa poaaH poo oH icKoo Kpa. aecoT (Pya)' KoTpa o oo acy op pa| pBaa pK eeii. Ha e pa

.'Pya'', He Ma oxBoi y.Hy apeT, oia coo. acpe aKo) T oxopo-e M. M i ooapa oMeKaH l. aya.

epei epe 1954 p. K KPC peopaiyao c-ey MiiepBa ypiix CpaB PP' Koo icopaH pe. B pai y ope Koieepxaoee (K) p Pai Miipi PP' pe a eeoo' eeHH opo i aa aioaiooii. Cepe piopeX aBaH K.( axe ie io-oC oepaiT, Ka aa pBec o aoe ao iiai

66 ioc . oa cepi, . , opoa po A i aioaicooii: pei .oKe llK Koapii Kpar. 1943_1959' - Ki -Topoo, 201. - C, 522_529

67 aM Calv|o' - C 529-54 Cpaa BoBcKoo ooa K pat o KBa pKoBoe

poaaHtl ocoo KpaeBoo poBo}a H ''Pt'', 6 epa 1954 . -L]o pai', , 1' o' 24, p, 3598, ap, 5-6

30

B. Ka, eHoo a o ac eHa pooy oH paii, ooeepaoo Cepeapiay BP i oooo KoaH.pa A. pooy e 1952 p. e opa ee XeoT o-ai, opi epe Bo aeHp BaHoB KoHaK B. aao(opa), a oi a ii 'K B. Ko.

T ao aio Heopoi ix MB PP i oo o-acHM ypai Xei oai oepai apMaH- B. Ka aTa' 15 epe 1954 p. pei K K papoHa aHH ''po ooi aK HaaHa BCeoi oai . Pyea',. yo opeHo ceiai oi.ij pH ''poa oepaii o iiaii ea aK a-Hoo eHpaHoo poo oH ',eia'' i pooi oapei K K paio 1 i .p.''69 5 i 1954p. aaaoii ai a i' poo eKpeap K K pai o. K-DeHKa ia BCHoBK, o MB PCP oyToc oMK'Ko HecBooao iiyao aeypi 'K o ,'eia,. i eao o KaaHH aH | poe'eHH oepal| aaKaB Xeoj oai M. Pyeazo.

poe B. Kyy, HeBaXa a oo o x oi-paTopa, He .ao HKH aei K. 2 paH 1954 p. i pa-o i Boe p)Ho . Kpeo (oaa) y, apei, ap-l,a y pi, a epeyaa i,' KoHTpoeM aeii. ''e-li.., i ao oo opai, a )epBo pa7r,

22 1954 p. ia epoBa Hapaa paii aa-pa K.{ p Pai Miipi PCP. epe ii yaa BB pooo epLu CeKpeap l-{K Koapii pai o. Kpeo.Bi, opea, epHB a pix, o o oo a B axii Xopi oaT e e .,i Piec opyx, o o i , Ki e p i a Po a apao i poooH, a TaKo) 17 oo py. ep epeap l-{K aox i-

Baa o. Kpea i a oaa, o aCHK o HaMaa-C op i a xii oai, e pooa x -tseHH e.e )Ke oaHo72.

1954 p. ii aioaiHoo ii axixoa oio Baa. Bpoox poK aU.l oaii iii i LJJ>.l 9 ai, K 7 Tepop-HM aaa. 3aioao aKo)K 29 ai pooBc,'>eH-H aKoMyix io. Xo a TaHoM a 17 epe1955 p. y aix oax BBa)aC a oiy ] ] oo Ka-i 2 oci6 a 17 opeo ix ooi, a TaKoX 500 eeaiz,o,HaK iaa ii ii oH paa apio-oecKeepio paT.

]1 i 1955 p. pei K K pai poHa -aHH .'po a a axo. oaoo oi poo opa-i Koie ep)aHoi ee ai.,x oa paToTPCP.,. B yxaei oaoi iiao, o opa epe-eK He B| cix axoi a oaoo iiai .,peToK

oyicx ai i ii'', He Bpaa io eii ypa aioaici, i epeu.:, o oo a-aoao ipo poo i aaaC CBopBa aioa-ii opaiaiT a p. Baaa aoio pooa poK aKBHx yai oyioo ii, i epexoy-c i i oKeHaM. ipeao, o HeBac .ioi ao oo KpT ''aK BaHoi aaoioyioi epexi.,. Baaa HeoaHo pooa, pMoBa-Ha Ha BeHH aHK|B aioaiHoo it, i po-K,,o xi.,x oae pa. Bca cepoipeei i iex api opai aix oace, iHe BB .o.oaHoi ya o poo opai K.,, ocaopoy ieooie ypaTx HaioHaiCiB74.

K KoapiT pai oo'a K PP i oo paB-i axix oax H .'oi i oo oopi-oo oie cix io poo oo a,aHHM opa-i.epeeK axio peioi BBaxaa oBHa iiai

tz CeopaI\,4a CeH oB, KpeHKo A, , a CoBea pa-oo K p CM CCP.22 1954 ' - Llo pai., , 1, o.24'cp. 699' ap 1-15

7 ioc A. oa cepi, . 3, opoa npo A i aioaiclooii: pei oMe K Kotv4apilj. pa|. 194_1959, - Ki _Topoo, 21' _ C 561 -562

74 Ta cao. - C' 566-670

32

HaKopo cpoK aKi paIHcKoo HaioHail.too i-i i coraHe pHeHH .x po cBopeHH HoBaioai|I1 opaiai a ix aHpox p, i po-.aC aa ypaTcx aioaii. e Bepe epeopaa epxeeK BBaac Moa oc pooypo aKopoHHx aioaicHX epi. K KoapiT pai-H aKo) apooHa Miicepy ypii cpa PCP xaxoi oo aeHH paii iii o aKBHoT yai iiai peoK aioaicHoo iizs.

o a oaHi i iii e oi ae-KaHo ioia a pepei ao Ba', poe 1955-1956pp' BoH e x ic 35 ai, oy i 10 i ]5aaxi. yo caoeHo 63 a pooBcloxeH aH-oK io' 203 a aica ci i apoa76.

He ia opK eHoo aBaHH ocaoHoo a-BepeHH opo peKa aioaiHoo ii, oi-i KT pao M aaB, o, BKoH ai api, op-aH .ep)ao ee ''Ha oa

.l 956 poy ai iia-i pox a i opaioaoo ii ypaix ypxya-x aioaici.'zz. oa e epio apio-paHe epi-HBo pai opa ie i ie ypaa ia poea, acae: oBepHeHH axi peio oix yaci oH i A'i'x po a cai, i a icai ai coHoo py BMoi ia ie ic 'HeHH i pyooo o-ceeHH. oiyao, o x e oHy ie ic-eM aKoM, e.'eHH paxyi a yi Kp, oioaeao. ooa, o acHK oH i A He peKccoeT pxoi .,o aociHKoo iea i y HeaHo|Ba a ioi oooo ooi, ioxy oo oaHypoBoi ioi.

oi |.{K KoapiT pai y aHaeHoy ai a -Kaea ci i 25 BepeH 1956 p. o K KPC. oy oio.oC, o i xi paoi CPCP axii oai oepHoco 40 c. oi i r aao pai, o i He p-

75 ioc A. Hoa epi, . , opoa po A i aioaiooii: pei oKeH LtK Koapii,pai, 1943-1959. _ Ki -Topoo, 2001. - ' 566.570

76 Cpaa. e ,a. - l LAo pai., , 1' o. 24, c|1p. 4297, ap. 8-9 io A. Hoa cepi, ' 3. opoa po A i aioaicoo

ini: pei oe l.tK Koapii pa|. 194-1959, - Kl4iB _ opoH-o' 2001 - C' 581

33

aT o pa|, Bey aHKOMHlH poaaH' Bl.HoB- Mix< Coo B'K i epopy ie orc aK.oa Ha HeoCaH opaiaiHo-oco,ap i-HeHH aTH ooi i eoxiiT po.,oe opo poBaM ypaioo aioai' K KoapiT pa BBaaBeoi oepHeHH axi peio oix ai oHi Aa ceoceei i po Moy pi e aHH7B

poe y Kpei He Haax KoHa oHo oipoaH oiioo Ka i a o, ]e Ha ei oee-H ocoHo eKx aeopi peapiai. 9 coaa 1956 p.pei Bepxoo Pa PCP Baa a ''o aopoy o-Hi KeplBHKaM l aKBHM aHKaM paioo Ha|oHa-ioo i.'i, i ayxei i i oKapaH, o-BepTaC aii oai paio PCP''. Booa cix a-xi i aapai oa copei eiai oii. o aepiai i opaiaii epeie a ei a-xioo peio oci Ca oix ei oH i A' epey.aHH KX i ieoi ao eaa.

x o 1 epe 1957 p. a oaHH ioi opaiPCP pei Bepxoo Pa PCP poHa pa a 99oi, 2 o aopoHeHo poBa axi.x oaxpa, a 5 oepyi o i oepe.'Hoo B,HeHH.Aaoia pooa poBoa a epiozs. a-KM BoHoo py oBeo epo pa epee -HeHH oe ioi i opyeH poMaHKX pa i coo,oa o epe y o[ a'i CoK ii oo ieay,opoi a pv|CBII1 CBoe )

Ha Ha Ha a iiai opaioaooCpoT Ha|oHalHoo || | aHoBeHH pe)t\4 o-epe>eHH -x poi aoio ioi,epio pa.i o aeoKorHe HKM pi pooopai epeeK ooHo BKp a pHe i-oi opoxx oaiapHo pe)KMy eeei, oM ci ypax aioaii. oia aaa Ha o, o B1955--1959 pp' Ha epopi PCP yo aioaHo 156 epopc-|H|'4 ai i aaxi, 94 ia KooH ie aocox ooapc ieoo aKB, oHa 5500 ai

B K K|1CC.25 cep 1956 ' - LA pai., . 1, o' 24'cp, 4297, apK, 4_7

79 ion A' oa cepi, ' opoa po A i aioai-t1oo ii: pei oKe ltK Koapii pai' 194-1959 - Ki -Topoo,201.-C 579

34

poo.eHH HeeaH BaH. o opaa epeea BKaaH epio ao iiya 183 aioaix ai x opaiai' poe a Tx oioo cBopeHH, y oy ii xix oax, aa B) .o,aKo aoiB80.

24 oaa 1959 p. (K Koapii paBaB oaHo- ''po aH a ao. oCeHH poo opai epxaoT e-e paiol. PCP''. opii oepei aaoi.oKMeHaM i oaoi piopee ice ioo e o-poi K.Q po aioaici y axix oal a oeHHoo po ''poio aiaiH epa a aKopoHHXepi ypaix ypxax aioaii'.. op M epeopaHaM epxeeK.4 CaV| aB.,aHH BKp y-xaHoBeCKX opaHiai, ToM i eHH B apoKpo ioi ypax a pex aioaiil.

Ta HoMJ ie 1950- poi a ao, o oaiap. pe BBaaB io BKoHaHM aaHH pooo o,o.aHH cpoTB ai aioaiHoo ii axix o-aC pai , a ooBH ey o ioi aa y piLuyi i o-ioi opoi poT - poi pxao ieooi, oy i poi ypaToo aioaiy. i.,a oiioie, oai aoK aCocBaH i Kfl a 14i 1960 p. xoi iiaiT py eeai oH

,'pa,. a Tepo-

ii. epa oo o a . ai io. l-{eapKz,T aco opoa oH i A' o i aepa y oi

i peoo oaiapoo peM, poe epo i xep-o pax aioaii a oi oHoBH p-, i, Ha Ha MK, p HKHeHH paii ix a-p.,o opaiat i pyxi. |x ii i oay 1960-x poio | He HoCa Maooo apaKep' lpoTe oc|.oHo poBaai,eooii ia oyio a, aBK o caoi oiT ep 1991 p.

Tpa po oi Ha TpeHaX aix oaepa ix oM pXo, pepeeHoBaHM oH i A, i o.)

Baio i opai i i HKB_HK-MBC-_Ka epio 1944 o 1956 po iioai563 poo oH, oy i eHpaH, 10 pao,32 oa i opy>x, 84apaox' 436 paox, .|888 py aioaicHoo ii.Cepe a6 ao apax ocai i iii Hapao-ao 21 e epaHoo, 1 54 _ paox, 57 - oax, 303_ oKp|(H' 2800 ei apaox i paox pooi oH, 4. epii opex py ii, a aKox B] oap opyi ipy A, 58 pix i 326 oex KoMaH.pi oao apiT.aaa ii a6 oi A, ei oH, aiBoHoo py oe .l55108 oi, y o i 1746xix oacx pa. ep apoo pepei i opaKoM '|Ac oHHo 765 oi. aapeoaHo a p-aeio aioicHoo pyxy 103866 oi, 877566oaC)KeHo8.

o oH iA yo ieo 14424 ai, oy i4904 epopV|t1| ai, .195 epi, 645 aai a api-Ho-oeci opa, Koo, MTC, ii ao. epai oai i iii ao 30676 oi. Cepe _ 687iooyoi i ii Ha aaoi, i-poii HK-M; 1864 ipoii HKBC_MBC; 2590''pyi'' ; 3 1 99 i oooi ypi ix, pKopoHxi i pox ci 2leya Bepxooi Pa PCP, 1 ooaoooy, 40 oi ic- i paooi,1454 oi ic-x i ceHx pa; 1235 ix CoBeK paii; 5 epe-api ix a 30 paox oiei KoapiT paT, 216 i-x paii apix opai; 205 ooocK pai-i; 314 oi ooi; 676 poii; 1 931 pecTaBH ie-ieii, 15355 eH i ooi+.

oi, o'ai opoo oaiapoo pexM pooH i A 1949_1959 pp., poo iopaxei oyeax 7-o o ''io A. Hoa epi.., aepy yiaioyei |-]K Koapi pai i aaoi eaK i e poo-)KeHH 6-o oy, o B)e o pK. 3aai aepiaeio ci ao apix i ypox pKp,pMoaHi a popo i oaoe opieH aKi aio-aicoo ii, iiai aoo a aoioopy axix oa pa. Booa oKyMeHT ipa

8 ': oi epop i epopI\4 B paii IX-XX ' IopHi ap-- K., 2002. - C. 770

84 Ta ao. - C. 770-771

36

.'1lT iopai' Ka xapaKepye ooi HapM i op]ioi pooo ii a Mo, Ko aK epei oa-ToHo Ic a i oeo Ba' Copi BaHH pi-- aa epoioo po oai i iii epea-]aM aM opoa, pia X, o HyB ao oparo pK KapaH opai oaiapoo pexMy.

Koe oyei I-{K Koapii pai, ooi apiT,pai M_MBC_K, yy i popayp, iiep i io)IPCP a -194-1959 pp. , io o -7 oi ''ioy A.-.']oa epi.', eaiHM )epeo BeHH opo oa-]lapHoo pe)

KciB i a yiaii aaei roMa KpBH iepaa ao (a--a). ipeei a ec (opea, ia.oo) ieo popo iep. pai Tpa, poKy aC-H eKC, ? oai, a poeH a, iop- i epeaC y KapaH )Kax (t]).

Ha Ha ,oKeHTa' peoii (o o a io-pH ii), y iopei

.,piax... Ta cao .'p-

ia'' oioe, H ay oi yao o aiaooKMeHT, i y epea o B*. ea (iar o-epeH .t],o TaeMHoi a oooo ceKop K K()>'' Ha'l ''B api''He l.D,BoploT.

o oy ica, pie |H|'4, Ka epoa, epe y K - (l. pye). o ic Hapo- pia iyi' e oHaaec aKo)K a oooo.)oK _ (_) pye. oyea, epe.o,ax o B, oa.e e o|B|.e.

Koxe oKMeH poo.')eC eeHo, i aa-o ie oo epia (opoeHa Ha3Ba apxi, Hoepoy, o, pa, api), BKaeTc aei oK-ei (opia' aipea oi' oi). oi yi oye,peaei ip, apai Ha.pyKapi ai, _

x oaa He aHaa, aoo eKCTaX B)o oioaHy ccTeM TpaH-

iepai iioe Kop CA.ip, ayoo-apeopaiy iooy oyei Ta Ha-

caHH pt,lio oM BKoHa Kaepa Apaoa, Aao-i Kei, Boop o a |pa aeo. Bo-Mo ooy oK a Haay eiy oooy oiCoao.

'l,

B Co o ao ' oK

he FinI Frontier: 1949.1959

ln the first postwar ears' pokets of resistane to the Soviettotalitarian regime dense|y overed the territories of the western ob-iasts of Ukraine, and news of the nationalists' liberation struggle trav-|d far beyond its borders. In the late 1940s, however, thes pok-ts of armed resistane gradualI began to disappear. Between ] 944and 1948 the OUN and UPA's uncompromising struggle against theommunist government, which WaS not broadly supported either inth majorit of Ukrainian obIasts or beond the borders of Ukraine(inluding Wstrn ountries), had exhausted th forces of the Uk-rainian Iiberation movement and ti|td the baIane in favour of theBolshviks.

Nevertheless' evn under thse onditions th mora| spirit ofthe sevr|y dp|eted ranks of the Ukrainian armed underground re-laind.with rare exceptions-quite high. A thought of the Iikelihoodor wisdom of halting the resistane Was rjeted outright. A|thoughthere were peop|e in the underground who had begun to vaillate, thesituation on the liberation movement's home front was more com-ple, for the loal popu|atlon was beoming less able to withstandthe onstant pressure erted by the totalitarian regime. h moodon th home front was stgnif iant|y shaken as a result of olitical ter-ror, mass rpressions, and deportations, and onsiderab|e numbersof popIe were inIining towards ooperation with the Bolsheviks.

A message from the Turka nadraion oUN |eader ''aksym'' tothe Drohobyh ob|ast' oUN leadrship, whih was interepted bylt,4GB orgas in 1949. provids a partia| desription of the situationtnithin the ranks of the Ukrainian Iiberation movement. his documntnotes: '''..great losses sufferd during the winter have affcted theadres that remain, undermined them moral|, and Ied to poIitia|numbness. Elsewhere, people are thrnking of how to safeguardthemse|ves' There are ases where they f|ee to thir p|aes of resi-den, tvhr they later deliberate|y try to be aptured bv theBo|sheviks... Further, ''Maksym.'writs: '.he only pople |eft are theweak ones, who earlier on|y sat in orners.,'l

During the first half of 1949, Soviet power structures in thewestern region, in th ourse of arrying out the instrutions of offi-iaI Kiv to liquidate the remnants of the armed oUN and UPA unoer-

1 Spravka oK KP(b)U o khod |ikvidatsii ounovskogo podpol'ia i bandEruppa Drogobichskoi ob|asti Za sentiabr,.oktiabr, 1949 goda' 19 noiabria 1949 g'TsDo Ukrain, fond 1' list 2' file 5944' fols. 84_97

39

ground, ontinUed their systemati offensive against the positions ofthe Iiberation movement. The most onentrated BoIshevik ationstook p|ae in the L'viv region. In order to promote a more appropriateuse of existing fores, the MGB organs reated 6.1 Chekist-militargroups to whih 123 inte||igene-searh groups were assigned. Du-ring the first six months of 1949, as a result of 334 Chekist-militaryoperations and a number of agentura-oprational measures, ]20ombat groUps and |adestine oUN organizations Were Iiquidated,and 913 OUN and UPA members and their sympathizers were killed,aptured and arrested. The Bo|sheviks, greatest suss was the Iiq-uidation in th ity of L'viv of the head of the oUN mi|itary headquar-ters o. Hasyn (''Dor''' ''Ltsar,,, '.|van Chornota.,) and the Iiaison pointof the oUN Leadership headed b ''osyp.'' he suess of these ope-rations may be exp|ained b the ompetent work of seret agentswho had infiltrated the underground and a winning agentura-operational ombination.z

No less effetive were Soviet government ations in theStanyslaviv region. During the first quarter of 1949 alone, theBolsheviks managed to rush 30 UPA ombat groups and landes-tine oUN organizations omp|ete|y and 133 part|y, resu|ting in theIoss of 7B7 individuaIs. Between Januar and otober 1949 alone,the fores of the liberation movement in Stanys|aviv oblast' shrank bymore than 1,B20 individua|s' he most staggering b|ow inf|ited onthe insurgents and underground members was the death of the OUNIeader of the Carpathian krai and ommander of UPA-Wst, V. Sydor("Shelest," "Kondrad," "Kravs," "Zov," "Lisovyk," "Vyshytyi"). On .l4

ApriI .l949 an MGB searh group omprised of fourteen men atta.ked his hideout, where six people, inluding Sydor's own wife, werehoIed up. he dramati nature of this ation lay in the fact that thehideout of this high-ranking leader was poorly onea|ed and at thetime had no outside observation post. Although the MGB group wasating aording to a definite p|an, the stumbIed on the hideout-anearthen hut with windows-bv aident.+ arIier. in Marh 1949. the

2 lnformatsiia L,vovskogo obkoma KP(b)U o khode bor'b s ostatkami bandukrainsko-nemetskikh natsionalistov v oblasti' 17 avgusta 1949 g. TsDAHo Ukrain,fond 1, list 23, tile 5944, fols. 50-58

stimated acording to reports and memoranda of the Stanslaviv ob|ast'committee ot the KP(b)U conerning th results and state of the struggle against theoUNundergoundforJanuary-ctober1949 TsDAoUkrain,fond1'list2'file5681'fols' 7-B7, 104_1 12' 129_15' 146-155' 22_229' 247_256' 266-272' 291_295

q Dokladnaia zapiska o rezul'tatakh bor,b s ounovskim banditizmom na ter-ritoii Stanislavskoi oblasti za aprel. 1949 g. TsDAo Ukain, fond 1' list 2' fi|e 5681'fols. 104-112

40

deput responsib|e |eader of the SB in the oUN Leadership of theCarpathian krai B. latskiv ("Denys," "Safron") and his bodyguardswere |iquidated in a bunker in the vil|age of Svaryhiv, Rozhniativraio.5

he bIows raining down on the liberation movement a|so fl| onother oblasts in the western region of Ukraine, ln the Rivne regionduring January.Mach 1949, 27 ombat groups and landestineOUN organizations were liquidated, and 460 members of the liberati-on movement and their sympathizers were kiIled, aptured, andarrested. On B February 1949, in the village of Pitushkiv, Ostroh raion,the former kai Iader of the oUN in the Northwstern UkrainianLands IPZUZJ M. Kozak (,.Smok'.' Vivhar,.'''Chuprynka,''

.,Bohdan,'',.Petro'.) ommitted suicide after being surrounded by an MGB oper-ational group. In this village the Bolsheviks also managed to seize theprinting.house of the krai |eadership, onfisating 90,000 pages ofationa|ist literature and Ieaflets, as we|l as 6'500 opies of a brohu-re entitIed Za samostiinu Ukrains'ku sobornu derzhavu.

During th first quarter of 1949, .l04 GB Chekist-mi|itarygroups operating on the territor of ernopi|' obIast' Iiquidated 64combat groups and |andestine oUN organizations; these opera-tions |aimed 726 individua|s. ln the ourse of searh oprations 39hideouts were destroyed.z

In the strugg|e against th liberation movement MVE-MGBorgans made wide use of so-aI|ed speial groups or agentura-fight-ing groups, notorious since the first postwar ears. During the periodfrom JuIy 1948 to arh 1949 agentura-fighting groUps, togtherwith MGB subunits, liquidated and arrested 1,447 OUN and UPAmmbers and their sympathizers. Assessing th ativit of thesegroups, the heads of the Ministry of State Securit of th UkrainianSSR noted that as a resu|t of their assistane in a number of ases..thy sueeded jn reating an atmosphere of mutua| distrust within

5 lnformatsiia Stanislavskogo obkoma KP(b)U o likvidatsii zamestitelia ref-renta SB kraevogo provoda oUN ',Zapad-Karpat',, 9 mar|a 1949 g, sDAHoUkrain' fond 1 ' list 23' tile 5681' fol. 89

6 stimated according to informatton of th Rivne oblast' Committee af theCP(b)U concrning the results of the struggle against the nationalist oUN under.ground during Januar-Marh 1949' TsDAo Ukrain, fcnd 1, list 2, fi| 5681, fols6_42' 9-99

7 stimated accarding to mmoranda of the Ternopil' oblast, ommittee ofth CP(b)U concerning the course af the stUggle against rmnants of UPA forma.tions arld th oUN Undrgroud for Januar-arh 1949' TsDA Ukrain, fond 1,Ijst 2' f ile 568 1 ' f ols' 1 7-'2' 4_47' 6E_72

41

the o[JN miIieu, whih frequent| led to the self-dstrution of thebands and thir chiftains..' l-]owever' owing t th fat that ases ofbruta| violations of so-aI|ed soie|ist |ega|ity and inidents of moraillapse Wrr OCUring with growinE frqu in these groups, inMarh .l949 th MGB of the Ukrainian SSR passed a rsolution onthe struturing of agentura-fighting groups within it and raiondivisions of th GB, and banned further use of this type of agentu-i.a in th western obIasts f Ukrain.

|n this ntxt it is intrsting to note how the MVD mi|itaryposeutor of the Ukainian distt.it eva|uated the operations of aspeia| group of the MGB Diretorat in Rivne obIast'. In a memoran-dum sent to the CC CP(b)U, dated ]B May .1949' h v;rits that theativit of the above-mentiond spia| group ''had a |ear| definedbandit charatr and was known to th |aI ppulation...s

Among measurrs aimed at liquidating the nationaiist under-grund, th Sovit govrnment attahed Ereat signifiane to thgroups for th protetion of ivi ordr [GOOP]' whih were reatedin reent ars o the basis of former liquidation battalions. his isonfirmed b the ft that during 1949-.1952 the questio of GOOPativity ws disussd six times duing meetings of the PoIitburo ofthe CC CP(b)U. As of ]5 Marh 1949'6'544 groupsforthe protetionof ivi order hd bn formd in the Western oblasts of Ukraine.hy numbred 86,640 fighters and had 5a'226 Weapons at theirdisposa|. The hief task cf th GOoP was t potet oIletive farmsand oI|tiv farm propert from attaks by the oUN and UP.Dur.ing the priod from .1 Januar to ] 5 arh 194g th GooPrpelled .1 1 out of .i 7 attaks arrid ui bth armed udrgroundagainst oIitiv farm targts. Btwee August -1948 and ]5 arn1949 the GoO killd 84 oUN and tJPA and arrsted B0, alonE with288 smpathizers f the natirralist underground,r0

8 Doklad MGB USS;.] v Ts KP(b)lJ o khod vclnniia orgaami BpostanVlrnin sK KP(b)tJ ot 28 iavarta 1948 goda,, sosttanii ime|ah c uhr-leniiU sotsia|isttlleskoi zaksri l sovctskogc pravoa.iadka v Ukratnskoi .ss.. 5iunia 1949 g' TsD Ukrain, fond 1, list 17, ft| 22' ials 69_7, 79_Ba

9 Dakladnaia zapiska Vornnag prkurora voisk VD L|';rainskago okrugasK |

At the same time the ommunist government Was troub|ed bya nurnber of shortomings in the activit of the GooP Some groupshad no Weapons, whiIe quite a few members had not reeivd ad-quate training and thus frequent| violated disipline and failed todemonstrate steadfastness in |ashes with the nationa|ist under-Eround. In an effort to eradiate these shortomings atld ensure thatth GoOP would be drawn into the ative struggle against the nation-aiist underground, n 23 August .1950 the PoIitburo of the C CP(b)Upassed a resolution entitled "On Measures for the Continuing lmpro-lze]rtlt of the Work of Groups for the Protetion f Civi order in theWestern ob|asts f the Ukrainian SSR.''l'

ln its struggle against the liberation movemnt the Sovit tota|-liariatl rgil ontinued to mak use f its tried-and-true instrumentili reession-dprting the farniIies of tt.JN nd UPA members andthir sympatrizers to eastern raions of the Soviet Union. Although thesope of such ations had notiably lessnej in omparison with]946..1948, eve so the ongoing dprtattotls ntinud to strike1litlfuIl at the atmed undrgrund' thus shrinking its mass bs.During thr first six months of 1949, 545 familis tialing 1'B82 indi-r,tdua|s ivere jeortd from L'',riv okrIast',lz ivhi|e 72 families tota|ingi,3B inlividuals wer depo!.ted fom th Stans|aviv region during.Jnuary-Marh of that same r.; During September-Otober]949 a|ne, 48B fetrlilies totaling 2.043 individuals wer dortedfi.m Drhobyh obIast,.r4 Brtwee|l Iai ]944 anJ r| i95 a tota|f 65'905 families nulbering 20,6'2 individuais wre deportedfrm the wstern blasts of Ukrine t eastern rains of the USSR.ls

l ihe proess of rushing oUN and UPA resistane' ihe So-vit-part ieadership was foused, as i ear|ir eas' on imp|ement-ing the lietivization of agriultur and stablishing omplete on.

11 Litops UPA New Series, vol. . Bcrot,ba prot UPA i natsionalistchno-h pidpil|ia: drektni dokument sK Konpaftii Ukrain 194-1959 (Kiv-oronto'20|)' p.410-414

1'2 |nfornatsita L,vovskago l:'koina KP(b)U o khoie bor'b sostatkami bandukrainsko-nemetskikh natsiona|istov v blasti' 17 a'lgusta 1949 g. TsDAH Ukrain,fnd 1, list 2, tile 5944' fols. 50-58

1 t1het S|anislavskog obkoma KP(b)U o khode br'b s ostatkami Danoukrainsko-nmtsktkh naistonalistov v ob|asti za l kvattal 1949 g. sD |-Jkrain,f;nd 1, iist 2, file 5681, fols' ,/-87

1a Spravka Drcgobhsk'ogo obkorna KP(b)U o kharj iikvijatsii ounovsko-go odpo!'ia i bandgrupp po DrogobCrlskoi oblasti za sentia'-oktiab| 1949 gda'19 nriabria i 949 q, sD |'}krain. farld 1 ' Itst 2, fi|e 5944, fis 87-97l {jntit|d do:unttts Skretariu sK Kommunistjheskli partii |-Jkrainiovarishhu Kirll1enko ' !' 4 areIia i955 g. TsDo IJkrai fo|1d 1, Iist 17' file 79,fis 56-7

4+J

tro| over the Western Ukrainian viI|age, the soure of the Iiberationmovement's fores. By spring 1949 nearly 6,000 oI|etiv farmsenompassing more than 50 perent of aII peasant farms had beencreated in the western region. Yet, even under these irumstanesthe Bo|sheviks sti|| did not onsider themseIves abso|ute masters inthe ountryside. In offiial Kyiv's view, there were sti|| quite a few viIla-ges in the western obIasts '.where the infIuene of party and Sovietorgans is spreading weakly, and bandits are terrorizing the peasantsand finding .hiding p|as, for thmselves there, arring out hostileWork.''l

Thus, on 25 April 1949 the Po|itburo of the cP(b)U passd aresolution entitIed ''on Shortomings and Masures Conerning thelntnsifiation of Mass-PoIitiaI Work in Vi||ages of the Wstern andZakaroattia oblasts.'' his doumnt noted that a number of seriousflaws in the mass-poIitiaI and eduationaIwork among the peasantrwere having a negativ impat on the strengthening of eisting o|-letive farms and the further develooment f oIlectivization. he do-ument a|so emphasized that many vi||ages Were stiII without a strongore of activists drawn from the |oa| popu|ation, who ouId advanesoialist transformatios in the vi||age. In addition, the doumentnoted deterioration in the work of party organizations and governmentorgans with respet to mobiIizing the broad masses to the strugg|e forthe ultimate destrutio of rmnants of the nationaist underground.The authors of the doument emphasized that po|itial work in theountryside was not aimed at exposing every manifestation of oUNand UPA ativit and that the Ioa| popu|ation was not adequatlyinvo|ved in this work. The CC P(b)U ordered party omrnittees in thewestern andZakarpattia obIasts to adopt deisive measures to e|imi-nate the indicated shot1omings, which incIuded mobiIizing the peas-antr in the strugg|e against remnants of the oUN and UPA.lz

Aording to documents, the Soviet-pat |eadership ofUkraine was firm in its rsolve to liquidate the mass peasant base ofthe Iiberation movement in the next few years by mans of the totaIcoIletivization of the Western region. ln his speeh of 30 Deember1949 at a meeting of secretaries of ity and raion party ommitteesand heads of raion divisions of the Ministr of State Security in L'vivobIast', first secretar of the C P(b)U Leonid Mel'nikov stressedthe ned to wage a merciIess strugg|e against thos who Were sup-porting the insurgents and underground members, and impeding the

16 Litops UPA. New Series' vol. , Borot,ba prot UPA' p' 6717 lbid, pp' 65.71

44

proess of reating and strengthening ol|etive farms, He a|so emp-hasized: '.lf we do not arry out this work in every village b thespringtime' then we wi|| be de|aing the matter of ompleting o||e-tivization for another ear, and this means that for one more ear Wewi|l be prolonging the existene of the nationalist bands, beause itis easier for them to stand their ground with individual home-steads...''.l

Despite the fat that the Soviet tota|itarian regime Was on-stant|y boosting its efforts and onduting a systemati strugg|e toeradiate the Iiberation movement, the armed underground waged adesperate resistance. During the first half of 1949 insurgents andunderground members in L.viv oblast' arried out 114 anti-Sovietations. Between Januar and Marh 1949 the armed undergroundarried ouI44,43, and 24 attaks on enem targets, respetively, inth Rivne, Stanyslaviv, and ernopil' regions, inluding terrorist atsagainst Soviet-party workers and Ioa| activists, Two hundred andthirt-two peopl were vitims of these ations.19

Acording to th welI known historian Lew Shankowsky, duringJanuary-June 1949 the armed underground carried out nearly 300ations, more than half of whih onsisted of defensive battIes andlashes with MGB-MVD troops. The insurgents and undergroundmmbrs in the Stans|aviv rgion Were the most ative.20 As of 1April 1949 the fores in this oblast'nurnbered 26 combat groupsnumbering 165 individuals, 194 underground OUN organizations(901 individuals), and 329 fighters operating independently-alto-gether 1,95 peop|e.zl

The domain of the liberation movement's uncompromisingresistance ontinued to be the o||etivization of agriculture, whih,owing to the furious resistane of the oUN and UPA, was progress-ing slowly. on-1 Marh 1949 the Rivne oblast'party committeeinformed the CC CP(b)U: ''Th leaders of oUN |ankas have issuedthe entire OUN underground and its armed bands instructions to

18 A. v, Kentii, Narys borot'b oUN-UPAv lJkraini (1946_1956 rr') (Kiv,1999), pp.60-61

19 stimated aording to epofts and information sent fom the L'viv,Stans|aviv, Bivne, and Ternopil' oblast,ommittees of the P(b)U to the CC CP(b)Ufor the period January-June 1949. TsDAo Ukrain, fond 1 , list 2, tile 5944, fols. B-40; file 5681 ' fols' 17-23' 6-42, 4-47' 68-72' 7_720 Lw Shankowsk, lstoriia ukrains,koho viis'ka, 2nd epanded ed. (Kiv,1991), p.180

21 othet o ezul'tatakh i sostoianii bor,b s ounovskim banditizmom na ter-ritorii Stanislavskoi oblasti za lkvartal 1949 g. TsDAHo Ukrain, fond 1, list 23, file5681,fols 104-112

45

arr out mass trrrorist ats against initiators of the reation of co|-Ietive farms and the most atlve oIletive farm members.''22 During1949 and the first four months of 1950, 20 viIlage ouiI heads, 19collective farm diretors, and 30 administrative heads of the militia-who pIayed a Ieading roIe in the impIementation of olIetivizationand the protetion of newly-reated olIective farms-were ki||ed bythe armed underground in Stanys|aviv ob|ast,.z

Howevr, as a result of unrelenting pressure from the Soviet re-gime and rising insurgent Iosses, the avenues available to the Iiberati-on movement turned out to be inadequate for waging long-term re-sistane to Soviet government measures in the sphere of o||etivi-zation. It was this very irumstane that enabIed the BoIsheviks togain control over the situation in the ountrside and to achieve th Iiq-uidation of private peasant homesteads in the wesiern region during.i950-195-l, which ultimately underut the mass base of the armedunirgrounl. hus, offiial Kyiv right| onsidered -1951 th year whenthe main fores of th Ukrainian iiberation movement wer smshed.

Althugh the fores of the armed underground were bing pro-qt.essiv|y depIeted in the unqual struggle, from time to time theUkralnian insurgents and underground rembers Were sti|l apable ofunneving Soviet governmnt representatives in the westrn obIasts'A memorandum sent from the Stanys|aviv oblast' party mmittee tothe CC P(b)U' datd 23 September ] 949, states: .'..,the harater ofband manifestations arriei out during the month of August this aris proof of the ativation of the Ukrainian nationalist underground inthe diretions of : -l . The ideo|ogial proessing of rura| populations bymeans of th distribution of anti-Soviet IeafIets. 2. Subversive ativity:a) terrorist ats and attaks on industriaI-agriu|tura| targets, stte-oopertiv and uItura|-educationa| institutions; b) trrorist ats,assassinations of Soviet-part workers and Ioal activiSts.',24

Th |arm fe|t b th StansIaviv Soviet.part |eadrship wasnot unfundc, for during May-Novem0er 1949 insurgents and Un-derground mmbers carrid out 212 atiotls on the territory of thisob|ast., Ieading to th jeaihs, wouniing, and summary utions ofnearly 200 BoIshviks.zs

zz Kentii, p, 62 lbid24 lbid, p. 70z5 stimated accordtng to memoranda snt fon1 the Stanslaviv b|ast'

part committee to the CC CP(b)U during fu|a-Novmber 1949 TsDA Ukrain,fond 1, list2, file 5681' fo|s i29_15' l46_155' 22_229' 247_256' 266_272'291-295' 1_318

+o

Among the most signifiant ats arried out by the armedunderground in .1949 was the assassination of the writer and publiist|aroslav HaIan on 24 otober in L.viv. HaIan was |ose|y onnetd tothe Soviet regime through his propagandisti work, which promotedmiIitant atheism and ommunist idoIogy in Ukraine's wsternob|asts. Aording to MGB agentura data, the oUN Lader of theWestern Ukrainian Lands tZUz1R' Kravhuk (''Petro'')was behind theidea to Iiouidat Halan. he Zhovkva nadraion leader RomanShhepans'ki (''Bui-ur'') was in harging of p|anning the assassina-tion, whih was cai.ried out b |\4ykhaiIo Stakhur (''Stefko'.) and IIariiLukashevh.26 The net da first secretary of the CC CP(b)U NikitaKhrushhev informed StaIin about HaIan's mUrder.27

Although there were frequnt outbreaks of armed undergroundativity in individuaI oblasts in Ukraine.s western region throughout1949, on th who| the liberation movemnt |ed b the UkrainianSupreme Liberation Counil [UHVR] and the oUN was gradua|l |osingits offensive and organized harater. As a resuIt of heavy |osses andthe enemy,s undeniable superiority, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army-thmain, |ong-standing fore of the liberation strugg|e-exhaustd its IastavenUes for waging adequate rsistane to the totaIitarian regime. Thetransition from extensiv insurgent-partisan actions to a struggIe in thearmed undrground, iaunched in -1946--1947, was ompIeted on 3September -l949 That da the Commander-in-Chif of the UPA Ro-man Shukhe,rh, basing himseIf on a dcision passed by the UHVRon 29 August 1949' issud order no. 2 temporariIy suspending th a-tivit of the Iast subunits and headquarters of the insurgent arm asombt units and administrative organs. All funtions that arlier wrearried out b the appropriate UPA headquarters Wer to b trans-ferred to territoriaI ieadrshios of the OUN.z

At the turn of .i948-1949, emphsis in th ativities of theUkrainian armed undrgrould also shiftd. Besids subvrsive-te-rorist ats, inrasingly more attention was foused both on reatinga network of Iandstine nationaiist groups in ob|ast' Centres, ities,and |arg popu|ated raion points, and iaunhinE .'!gal,' oUN eli.Partiular importane was assigned to attrating students and pupilsto the Iibration movement'

z Pa|ithni trrr i tarzm v {Jkraini XlX- st Istorhni nars, (Kiv,202)' p 756

27 Tovarishhu Sta|!nu l V 25 oktiabria 1945 g. TsD lJkrain,.ioni 1' list2' tile 5681' fols' 275_276

28 Kntii, p 6

4

Without abandoning combat ations that were aimed at |iqui-dating the nationalist underground, the Soviet government was alsogradua|ly intensifying its moral and psyhoIogia| pressure on theinsurgents, underground members, and their sympathizers. On 5September 1949 the PoIitburo of the c P(b)U approved a resolu-tion ntitIed ',on HoIding open Trials in the Western oblasts of theUkrainian SSB of lndividuaI Members of Bandit-rrorist Grouos.'' Inthe view of the initiators and authors of this doument, open triaIswere designed to have a positive effet on the strugg|e against theOUN underground and to sway the Iocal population from supportingit. P|ans were made to organize suh trials in the very near future inthe ity of SkoIe in Drohobych oblast., the town of Horokhiv in Vo|yn'ob|ast', the ity of Rivne, and the town of Putyla in Chernisioblast'.zs

on 28 Deember 1949 the Po|itburo of the c P(b)Uapproved order no. 12 of the Minister of State Seurity of theUkrainian SSR, entit|ed: ',on the Non-Proseution of Members ofRemnants of Crushed Ukrainian Nationalist Bands in the Westernob|asts of the Ukrainian SSR, Who Have VoluntariI Given hemsel-ves Up to the Organs of Soviet Rule and Admitted Guilt." At the sametime the Politburo ordered ob|ast' part ommittees in Ukraine'swestern regions to aquaint the |oca| popu|ation with the ontents ofthis doument.o

he murder of la. Halan infuriated offiial Mosow. The notori-ous MVD-MGB agent Pave| Sudop|atov rea|ls that when Stalinreceived word of the assassination, the Soviet leader expressed dis-satisfaction ',with the work of the seurit organs With respet to thestrugg|e against banditr in Western Ukraine.' and ordered them firstof a|| to ''onentrate on the search for the hieftains of the Banderiteunderground and their Iiquidation.'''

Already in |ate 1949 and ear|y 1950 key figures in the CP(b)U addressed meetings of active party functionaries in Ukraine'swestern ob|asts. ln their speehes to Soviet-paty workers they ham-mered at the neessity of liquidating Ukrainian nationa|ist resistance.on 9 January 1950 first seretary of the CP(b)U Mel,nikov gave aspeech on this topi at a meeting of seretaries of party organiza-tions in the ities of Drohobh and Borslav. Among other issues,

29 Litops UPA New Seris, vol' , Borot,ba prot UPA' pp. 76-790 lbid', p' 871 Pavel sudoplatov, Razvedka i Kreml' Zapiski nezhelatel,nogo svidetelia

(Moscow' 1996)' p. 01

48

the partiipants of this meeting disussed the need to rekon withthe hanges that the armed underground had introdued in its ta-tis. In his soeeh the Ieadr of the Ukrainian ommunists stated:.,Frequent|y our party and Chekist organs foused their work on thestruggIe against oUN members in forest trats, in various hidingplaes. This work had to be carried out, but at the same time it wasneessar not to |ose trak of the ity' The enemy could not have he|don for a single da,'' Me|'nikov emphasizd, ,'if he did not have auxiI-iar bands among the urban and rura| popu|ations....'he first sere-tary of the CC CP(b)U further emphasized that ''aIthough the enemhas been crushed, his remnants are attempting to establish a linkwith the popu|ation of ities, among workers of enterprises, offiiaIsat institutions' studnts at eduational institutions, among youth,among Women .' Mel.ikov then added: ''our task consists of isolat-ing the enem from the popu|ation, expe||ing him from aII popuIatedpoints, and drivlng him into the grave.''z

Preparing, as it seemed, to strike a final blow against thenationalist underground, in 1950 the Soviet government deided tosend h|p to the Ioca| state seurity organs in Ukraine's westerobIasts. Acordigly, 100 staffers from the centraI MGB apparatus ofthe Ukrainian SSR and 589 reoresentatives of MGB diretorates fromthe eastern region were dispatched on a Iong-term posting. |n addi-tion, high-ranking offiia|s from the AII-Union MGB, inluding thehead of the |V Diretorate Lieutenant-GeneraI Pave| Sudop|atov.departed for the western region. As a result of routine operationalmeasures and agentura combinations, on 5 March 1950 the Com-mander-in-Chief of the UPA, Leader of the OUN in Ukraine, and headof the GeneraI Secretariat of the UHVR Roman Shukhevyh died ahro's death in the viIlage of Bi|ohorshcha near L.viv, whiIe defendinghimse|f in his hideout from ovewhe|ming enem fores4. AlthoughSudopIatov, who headed this opration, writes in his memoirs thatafter Shukhevyh's death ''the resistane movement in Western Uk-raine went into de|ine and quik|y died downs,'. his statement is un-true. The death of Roma Shukevyh ourred at the very time whenthe fores of the |iberation movement were bing depleted in an

2 Kentii, pp' 71_72 lbid'' p 7a Spravka na rukovoditelia ounovskogo podpol,ia v zapadnkh obtastiakh

Ukr.SS-hlena tsentral,nogo provoda UN shukhevCha B. P' Derzhavni arkhivS|uzhb bezpek Ukrain, f. 1 1 ' spr. 7448' ark' 1-B

5 Sudoplatov Pavlo. Vkazana pratsia. _ List. 05

49

uneven struggle, and the termination of the OUN armed undergro-und's organized resistanCe Was beoming inevitable.

ManwhiIe, the Soviet-party Ieadership of Ukraine was notpredisposd to exaggerat the results of Roman Shukhvh's |iqui-dation' Hene, on 22 arh 1950 measures to intensify the struggle"against remnants of the OUN underground in the western oblasts ofthe Ukrainian SSR'' were disussed at a meeting of the PoIitburo ofthe CC P(b)U. Those in attendane hard a speeh b the Ministerof State Seurity of the Ukrainian SSR, M. Koval.huk, who reviewedthe ourse of tmplmenting the above-mentioned MGB order no.3]2. Present at the meeting Were the seretary of the CC P(b)Uo|eksii Kryhenko and a member of th PoIitburo of the CentralCommittee l' Senin, who drew attention to th inrease in the num-ber of terrorist ats b the armed underground. In thir speehesthese high-ranking ommunists aIso disussed the rucial need tointensify Chekist work, sek new methods of f ighting the oUN under-ground, ngag rura|ativists and youth in this pursuit, ano speed upopen trials of insurgents, underground members, et a|. he meetingapproved a dision to prepare a speia| rsolution on this questionto be onsiderd at a meeting of the Politburo of the CC CP(b)U.Howeve1 by ear.s end no suh doument was fomuIated.

To a ertai degree the death of Roman Shukhevh, the hugeIosses within the ornmanding-|eadership adres at the okruha,nadraion, and raion |evels, and the signifiant difficulties of maintain-ing orgaizationa| Iinks servd to disorganize the ativit of thearrted underground' But thse fators did not dampn the insur-gents and undrground members' dsire to ontinue thir anti-Soviet struggIe' As in previous ears, th most ativ nationaIistunderground operated in th Stanys|aviv i.gion, with 950 individualsassmbIed in ] 5 ombat groups and 148 Iandstine oUN organiza-tirns. Through thir efforts, ]44 ations wre arrid ot in ] 950.i

ln th meantime, the oU'J urldrgrund in Ukrain and ladingemigre etrs of the Iiberati movrnrnt Wre Iong Without dtaiIejinformation onerning ih iate of lf lan Shukhevh. S it V/as oaidt that during th rlight of 1 Ma .l950 a groUp of four mpaahutd out of a plane in th viinit of th villag f Taniava i;rBolekhiv rain, StarsIaviv oblast'. on 3 June th groUp mad on-

36 Litopys UP. New Seris' vo|, Borot'ba prot UPA' pp' 97_41l otht o sostolanil br'b s ostatkarli bandout'lovskogo podpo!'ia V

Stanislavskoi oblasti za 7 mestaisev 1951 goia TsD Ukrain' fnd 1' list 24, fil85, to|s' 5_61

50

tat with an oUN stantsia Ieader and through him sought to estab-Iish a |ine of ommuniations with the Leader of the oUN in Ukraine.wing to the fat that this matter was s|ow to be resoIved, news of theparahutists reahed the MGB. As a result of operational measuresarrid out on 7 Ju|y-l950' MGB agents sueeded in liquidating,'Lv,', the head of the oUN raion |eadership in Stryi, Drohobh ob-Iast.' and his deputy Kravets' (''Krutyi'') on the border of Drohobhand Stanys|viv oblasts. During the skirmish two of the parahutistswre kiIIed, th other two having departed earlier to liais wjth theokruha |eadership of th oUN.8

Aording to Lw Shakowsky, questions prtaining to theetrnaI and domesti poiitia| situation were disussed at a onfer-t-l of membrs of th oUN Lejrship in Ukraine on| in June:950. On B JuIy the Information BLtrau of the UHVR irculatd annnounCment that following the death of the lte Brigadier-GneraIoman Shukhevh of hallowed nemor, th positiotls of head of theGneral Seretariat of th L.|VR ani Commander-in-hif of theUPA had passed to ColoniVas|'Kova|'(V. Kuk).

in late 1950 th nationalist underground suffered anothergrav Iss' n 24-25 Novenbr, in th woods near the vi||ag ofVe|ykopillia in lvno-Frankivs'k raion, Stans|avrv oblast., osy Diakiv(''|]ornovvi''), mmber of the oUN Leadershtp ano oUN |ader ofth L,viv region, lvas ki|ied in his bunke( togethr with M. Mo-shanchuk (..Bir'')' |eader of th L'viv okruha leadership of the oUN' P.Shatns'kyi, the responsible |eader for propaganda in this !ader-ship, and an unidentified individual. osp Diakiv was assoiatd withtne most wide| known trrorist and subversive ats of th armedunderground in L'viv ob|ast' and ertain raions f Dt.ohobyh aldStnys|viv obIasts.40

ven though the fores of the libration movement were beingsteadi|y dplted, the New Year jid not britlg th Bolsheviks theanticipated vitory over the rmaining insurgents ani udergroundmembrs. Aordrg to MGB data' as of 1 August 1951,93 oUNgl.oUps and organizations (586 eopIe), as wIl as 47 so-aIled

B Dk|adnaia zaptska Stanislavskogo obkona KP(b)U sekretariu sK|,iP(b)U tov' e|'niko'lu L' G _ 1 1 iilLlia 195 g, TsD Ukrain, fond 1, |ist 24, fi|e 31,tols. 148-1a9

9 Shankowsk, r 1 86a tchet o sostoianii bor,b s ostatkami bandaunovskogo podpol"ia

v Stanislavskoi oblasti za 7 mesiatsv 1951 goda. TsDHo Ukrain, fond 1'list 24. file 805, fois 53-61

51

'.|egal.' nationalist entres, were stilI ative in Stanslaviv obIast'.During the first seven months of 1951 underground members andinsurgents arrid out 63 ations, assassinating 34 representativesof the Soviet tota|itarian regimg.l operating on the territory of theTernopil' region were the responsible leader for organizational mat-ters of the ''PodiIIia'. oUN raion leadership ''Burlan,', the Ieadr of theTernopil' okruha OUN leadership "OIes'," the leaders of the Berezha-ny and Ska|at nadraion |eaderships, the responsible |eader for thSeurity Service [SB] of the Kremenets' nadraion Ieadership, 1.loUN raion leaderships, and 31 kushh ombat groups-altogether144 pop|e. Assessing the situation in the raions in which insurgentsand undrground mmbers Were operating most ativeIy, the leader-ship of the Ternopi|' oblast' ommittee of the P(b)U noted that ''thepopuIation is not demonstrating poIitiaI ativity [...] During theimp|ementation of eonomi-po|itiaI measures' party and Sovietorgans in these viI|ages enoUnter overt resistane, the most ativemembers in vi|lages and coI|ettve farms are working under pressurewhile |ooking over their shou|ders, the do not demonstrate person-aI initiative [...] A signifiant number of honest oI|etive farm work-ers are tring not to iemonstrate thir activit.'' +z

The dragged-out process of rushing the fina| resistance ofthe armed underground in Ukraine's western oblasts irritatedMosow. In Ju|y 195.1 the heads of MGB oblast, diretorates attend-ed a meting in the Sovit capita|, during whih the seretar of theCentral Committee of the All-Union Communist Party(b) GeorgiiMa|enkov gave a speeh. Although th materiaIs of this meeting arenot at our disposal, it is known that the disussions entred on the|iquidation of a|I nationalist organizations operating in th westernregion of the Ukrainian SSR by earIy .1952.4

Before long the question of the struggle against the remnants ofthe oUN was disussed at a meeting he|d at the Ministry of StateSecurity of Ukraine. First seretary of the C P(b)U Me|.nikov riti.ized the work of the state seurity organs, noting that during the firstseven months of 1951, out of a totaI of 1,276 operations launhed

a1 Spravka o deistvuiushhikh bandakh na territorii Ternopol'skoioblasti' 18 avgusta 1951 g. TsDH Ukrain, fond 1,list 24, file 805, fols.67-68

z Informatsiia o khode rabot po likvidatsii ounovskogo banditizmana territorii Volnskoi oblasti. 6 oktiabria 1 950 g. TsDH Ukain, fond 1 , Iist24, fite 805, fols. 189-193

Kentii, p.79

52

against the nationalist underground, on|y 85 perent brought positiveresults' For this reason, the high-ranking Sovit offiiaI de|ared: ',onebandit makes shorl work of two-three of our Chekists because they aregoig in blind...they think they will apture the bandits in bulk.',+

On 15 August 1951 , L. Mel'nikov formulated measures attest-ing to the Ukrainian Bolsheviks' plans to carr out the task assignedly Mosow. Aimed at strengthening the work of MGB organs andpart organizations with respect to ''crushing the remnants of oUNbands in the wstern obIasts,', these measures Wer focused main|yon the need to take advantage of the summer period for the ultimateannihilation of the nationalist underground, to prevent its forces fromreahing their winter hideouts (bunkers), and to ut them off from theloa| population. Proeeding from the fat that insurgent and under.ground activit was reorded in 50 raions of the western region, aproposa| was put forward to conentrate MGB units' ombat equip-ment, and servie dogs there, develop agentura work, and formoperationi groups, each of whih was to be reinfored by 10 to15operational staffers from Ukraine's eastern oblasts.+s

hus, for example, p|ans were in p|ace to doub|e and eventriple the number of MGB troops in Stanys|aviv oblast,, whih wasonsidered the bastion of the liberation movement. An additionaI2'000 fighters Were to be deployd there. wo mobi|e batta|ions ofGB troops with vehiIes Were in the proess of being formed, aswel| as speta| strike groups for conduting operations in mountain-oLts |oaIes. Forty-three operationa| - mi Iitary groups omprising 1 32high|y experiened operationa| staffers, including 32 from theMinistry of State Security of the Ukrainian SSR' wre organized in theernopi|'region.

Partiu|ar attention was paid to |iquidating the Ieaders of thenationa|ist underground. hus, as of 25 November 195.1' 6 groUps(B2 operationa| staffers), 65 offiers, and 1,224 lGB troops wereinvoIved in the hunt for mmbers of the oUN Leadership, while 115groUps onducted a searh for lower-ehelon |aders.z

44 Nekotore meropriiatiia po usileniiu rabot organov MGB i parti-inkh organov po razgromu ostatkov band oUN v zapadnkh oblastiakh. 15avgusta 1951 g, TsDo Ukrain' fond 1, list 24, tile 805, fols' 62_64.

s Politchni terror, p' 76146lbid., p.759a7 stimatd according to reports and information sent b the Stanslaviv

and ernopil, oblast, paIt committees to the CC CP(b)U oncerning th state andmeasurs of the struggle against the nationalist underground throughout 1951 'sDAl1o Ukrain, fond 1' list 24' file 805' fols. 194_202

53

on 5 June 195.l state seurit organs aptured the emissar ofthe ternal Units of the oUN [ZCh oUN] Myron Matviieiko('.Usmikh'')' who had ome to Ukraine to determine the state of thenationaIist underground and stab|ish Iinks between its |adershipand Stepan Bandra. Matviieiko.s apture inspired the UkrainianMGB not on|y to play a radio ommuniations game with Wsternntres of the |iberation movement, but a|so to reate fititious oUNtaderships. Aording to some soUres,''okruha leaderships,.' fou''raion Ieadrships,.' and six individual ,'underground groups'' werea|read operating in th KaIush, Kolomyia, and Km'ianets'-Po-dil's'ki areas,4s GB plans also a|led for the reation of a fititiousentre for a|| the western oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR' one of thefirst andidtes to head suh a Centre was Myrotr Matviieiko.

h onentrated offensive against th rmnants of thnationa|ist undgrLtnd, |aunhed b the Soviet govertlmnt inAugust 1951, brought sigifiant suIts. Btwen 1 August i951ni -l7 Apri| 1952' 172 Ieaders and mrmbers of oUN Ieadershrpsnd ] 13 ommanders of ornbat groUps, tota|ing g49 injividuals,wre iiquidatd on the territory of the westen oblasts. of these, 65wre kiIled, and 252. wr apturd aliv. GB org1as also sucd-d i destroing 50 memlt-s of the underground in Zhytotyr andam,tnets,-Podi|.s.k| ob|sts. |l response to these rprssive ati-ns, the fores f the Iibration movmnt wre abIe t retaliate baring out onl 79 ations.+s

owver, vn this gnerll positive CoUrse of evnts did notsatisf the Svit- part ladership. offiiaI Kiv b|ievd thatfavourable onditions for the omplete iiquidation of th nationa|istutrderground b spring .1952 had not been exploitd, and that thegnera| situation ill Ukraine.s wstrn obIasts remined tense. heBolshevik ru|rs wre onrned that the Ieaders of the Iibrationmovemtli ..hav intensified [thir] landestineness and are now Car-ring out the!r hostiIe work more seretivly and have solewhathanged thir tatis.'' Ther was also dissatisfation vlith the fttht the state scurity organs had stii| not succedeJ in plantingsert agnts in the ol.JN Leadership and krai and okruha leadershipsoprating in th underground, nd that no diret agentura approah-es had breel mad to the ladrs of th nationalist Unieroround.5o

4d Litops UP. Nw Seris, vo|' 4 lbid , p. 4'64-4655 Litps UPA. New Sries, vcl'

Barot'ba prot |JP p1 462-46

Barot,ba prot UP, pp 471-472

|n spring .1952 Stalin wIcomed a group of lading Soviet.party ativists of the Ukrainian SSR in the KremIin' Their discussionsntred on the poIitiaI and soio-eonomi situation in Ukrain,inluding th western region, n 24 Apri| 1952 the PoIjtburo of theC P(b)U studid the question ''on the Task of the Party orga-nization of Ukrain Conerning the Imp|ementation of lnstrutionsIssued b Comrad Stalin on 14 Apri| 1952.'. In his speeh first se-retary of the CC CP(b)U Mel'nikov noted that in these discussionsSta|in had broahd the question of oUN activit, de|aring that thedelay in liquidating the ationalist undergroutld vyas undermining thefaith of oIletiv farm works and popu|ation of the western ob|asts rnth va|idity of the measures that the Soviet gvrnment was in theproess of impIementing. Mel'nikov foused attention on the necs-sit not only to intensify the work aimed at the ultimate etirpation ofoUN remnants b MGB organs, but a|so to undermin th westrnpouIatio's faith in the nationaIlsts. one of the priority tasks Ut for.ward was the need to ahieve the eonomic deve|opmnt of olle-tive farms and raise the Iiving standard of oIIetive farm workers,which was supposd to prvent th lattr forn helping the national-ist underground. Accordingl, the CP(b)U instruted its Sere.ti-iat to draw up a draft of an appropriate reso|utin for the Po|itburof the CC CP(b)U.5r

o 9 Ma 1952 the Politburo of the CC P(b)U passed a reso-iutin entit|ed .'on the Further lntensifiation of the StruggIe for theUitimat Liquidation of the Rmnants of Bands of UkrainianBurgeois NationaIists in the Westrn obIasts of the Ukrainian SSR.,'his doument noted that the main task of party organizations and a|itn;rkers of MGB organs vyas to imp|ernent StaIin.s instrutions on-illing th omplte eradiatio in th shortst period of time of alIUi{ grups anc the undergrund and the safeguariing of thei:oeful life and work of a|I labouring eop|es in Ukraie's Wstrnbists.s:

Cn agin, the dimatd fors of th nationaiist under-grund, whih numbrd nc more than 650 armed individua|s as f-1 7 Arii .'| 952' wre forej to edure another f urious ons|auoht bv

.1 Lltas UP. 'tw 9rts' vo|' Brot,Ia rot IJPA, p1. 476_48552 stirnatd acarding to informatjon of the Drohobch, L'viv, and ernpi|,

!l:gt' Committes af the CP( b)a on the ourse of implmenting the 9 |tla 1952 res-|ution of the Po|itburo of th CC P( b)U entit|rd ,,n the FLlrther lntnsif iation of the:tr;.gg| |r lhc Ul[imal Liquidatlo!] f l|le RCmanis ot Batd:, of Ukrainian Bourgoisi'laiinalists ir1 th W,strn b|asts of the Ukrainian SS8. ,' IsD,4HC Ukrain, fnd 1 , list24, 'flle 1718' fo!s, 87-B9' i 06_109' 1 13--12

nUmeria|| superior enemy. By 17 June -|952 the Drohobyh ob|ast.ommittee of the CP(b)U reported to the C CP(b)U that during Mayand June, 5 members of the oUN had been destroyed and B ap-tured. It was understood that .10 raions had been fuIly leared of thnationalist underground, while a searh Was now underway tor 67insurgents and underground members in 15 other raions. Between 1ay and 31 Ju|y 1952 the Brod nadraion oUN |eadership, thKrasne, Nesterov, Velyki Mosty, and Kulykiv raion OUN leadershrps,and ''Blskavka'' and '.SoIovei.s'. ombat groUps-a totaI of 45 peopIe-were |iquidated in the L'viv region. hirty-eight of these wre ki||ed. lnTernopil' ob|ast', b 1 August 1952, Soviet fores managd to termi-nate the ativity of 1B combat groups and oUN |eaderships, destroymore than 60 members of the nationa|ist underground and apture13, and arrest B5 indivlduaIs onneted with the Iiberation move-ment. ln May of that year the leader of the OUN "Podillia" kraiV. Bei('.UIas,')was kiIled.s MGB ations in other Western ob|asts turned outto be |ess suessfuI, a|though the capture in otober 1952 of Vas|'okhrimovych, a |eadtng figure in the oUN' may be reditd to themost active members of the state security organs. okhrimovh,who was the representative of the xternal Representation of theUHVR, had arrived in Ukraine in order to strengthen the leadership ofthe Iitration movment.

However, as it became Iear in |ate ]952, even this time thegovernment failed to liquidate the nationalist underground, the lastremaining members of whih ontinued to arr out awe-inspiringats under etreme|y unfavourable onditions' Again and again theUkrainian underground proved tht it still existed, thus upsetting a||the rds in the hands of the Soviet-party |eadership of Ukraine,whih was unab|e to report to Mosow thai StaIin's instrutions hadbeen aried out.

on its part, the |eadership of the armed underground ouId notfail to ignore its losses. ln 1951 -1952 the deaths of the leader of themain propaganda entre within the oUN Leadrship and head of thepolitiaI education division Petro Fedun (,.Petro PoItava,,. ,.Vo-|ians'kyi,'. .'Sever..), the oUN Leader of ZUZ R. Kravhuk (''Petro'.),and the ommander of UPA-North |van Lytvnhuk ('.Dubovyi'..''Maksym'.), and other |eading adres were irredemabIe. ln August1952 the question of the ontinUing ativity of the nationa|ist under-ground was disussed at a meeting between the oUN Leader inUkraine Vasyl' Kuk ("Lemish," "Koval"') and the leader of the OUN

56

5 Kentii, p 82

krai leadership in the PZUZ Vas|. Halasa (,'or|an'.). Aording toHalasa's statements, "Lemish" was in favour of "completely termi-nating the overt activity of the underground and onl onduting ide-ologia| training for the remaining oUN cadrs whiIe maintaining themost vigilant seretiveness.'. Another question discussed at thismeeting was whether the OUN should redeploy all the surviving"leading and rank-and-file members of the OUN" from the westernregion to Ukraine's eastern ob|asts, sine there wre reported|y bet-ter onditions for their safety there than in the west.s+

ln autumn .l952, thanks to aptured documnts and interroga-tions of arrested leading members of the |ibration movement, theGB organs posses