© drops technology as integration of 3d-shared earth model with drops drilling simulator to reduce...
TRANSCRIPT
© Drops Technology AS
Integration of 3D-shared earth model with Drops Drilling
Simulator to reduce drilling costs
NFR project 150496/210 Presented in Stavanger 4 April 2003
Presented by Runar Nygård, Drops Technology AS
© Drops Technology AS
Outline of presentation
Project description What is drilling optimization? DDS – Drops Drilling Simulator-Technical description Results so far Summary
© Drops Technology AS
Project participants
Drops Technology AS Drops Technology AS was founded in 1997. It is a limited
company incorporated in Oslo, Norway DROPS Technology AS sells services, program licenses
and user access, based on DROPS’ drilling optimization simulator DDS 2.7
PGS-Tigress PGS-Tigress is 100% subsidiary of PGS PGS-Tigress is a software company for the Exploration
and Production professionals with a suite of integrated tools
The main product being TIGRESS (The Integrated Geoscience and Reservoir Engineering Software System).
© Drops Technology AS
Project description Today the Drops Drilling Simulator needs drilling data as
reference to build the physical drillability needed for the simulator to simulate drilling.
This project will extend the drilling simulation capabilities so other data from logs and seismic attributes from a shared 3D earth model can be used as basis for drilling simulations.
Using such information would also give better prediction of drillability variations related to different well paths.
GOALS Implement DDS in Tigress shared earth model software Develop new models for drillability based on other type of
data than drilling data Develop automatic well planning routine in Drops Drilling
simulator
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Tigress
Integrated software for all disciplines in petroleum exploration
PC version is Linux based
Powerful database (PDR)
Open link to other software (data loading)
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Drilling optimization:Simulation tools
Today’s oil and gas industry utilize simulators mainly in three of the four main operational engineering disciplines
Reservoir, production and formation evaluation all use simulation tools to better evaluate different scenarios and to improve interpolation and economics
In advance the production, reservoir and seismic/log analysis can be performed
Drilling Engineering has a lack in planning tools available for the actual drilling process
Drilling software is mainly related to the fluid system and well-rock interaction (well integrity)
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The Learning Curve has been slow and expensive.
Drilling optimization: Learning Curve
Even after 30-40 wells have been drilled in the same formations in a field there are still many combinations of bits and operating conditions that have not been tried
Therefore you might not have reached the lowest drilling cost
Utilizing a simulator that can simulate these combinations in a short period of time after the first well has been drilled, is definitely a strong tool
© Drops Technology AS
Drilling optimization: Cost equation
Footage
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Required inputs are actual bit costs, rig rate, and other costs
The simulator calculates rotating time (from ROP), connection time and trip time
The individual bit run cost pr. meter and the cumulative cost pr. meter are used to evaluate the optimum in terms of economics
Other costs, like: MWD/LWD, DD, down hole equipment, fluids, personnel, boats and other
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The Drilling Optimization Simulator
simple overview An earlier drilled well well is the referenceThe simulator iterate a perfect match from the reference “drillbehind”. Output from this is a strength log, ARSL
This strength log is used as basis for the next well
Adjusted for lithology (formation thickness) and survey, the new well can be optimized
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Technical Approach
Predictive ROP models have been developed in the past two decadesROP models exist for Rollercone, PDC and NDB/Geoset bitsDescribe the physical interaction between the bit and the rock as a
function of the parameters that effect the bit performance. Different bits have different cutting mechanisms.The cutting mechanism is integrated over the entire bit face and
converted to ROP in meter/hr.As the bit penetrates through the different formations the bit wears,
which again effect the ROP.The ROP models use unconfined rock strength as an inputThe ROP models can be used to predict unconfined rock strength if
ROP is known. The models have been verified in the laboratory and field
ROP
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Apparent Rock Strength Log (ARSL) Creation Procedure
Each Bit-/BHA run is treated separately Simulations are performed for each bit with
different ROP models dependent on bit type “Apparent rock strength” is calculated based
on an initially assumed bit wear coefficient A new wear coefficient is then estimated and a
multiple solutions iteration procedure for the entire bit run is performed until the calculated bit wear equals the actual bit wear
The resulting “apparent rock strength” log is now specific for the formations in this area
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DROPS Drilling Optimization Simulator
DROPS Drilling S im ulator Functionality
$ /ftC u m . $ /ft
F lo w ra teM u d W t.
R h e o lo gy
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R o ck D B .A b ra sive n .% L itho lo gy
F o rm a tionM o d e l
D R O P S D rillin g S im u la to rR O P
O p tim umD rillin g - $
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Needed input data for ARSL creation
Drilling, mudlogger and bit data needed Drilling data - Depth, ROP, WOB, RPM, Flowrate,
Plastic Viscosity, Mud Weight Mudlogger data - Formation thickness Percent
lithologies, Pore Pressure Bit Data- Size, Type, Jets, Number of cutters and
blades, Backrake, Siderake, PDC layer thickness, Backup Cutters Info., Depth In, Depth Out, Wear In, Wear Out, TFA and POA.
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Drops Drilling Simulator DDS
Currently used in planning, follow up and post analysis of wells DDS is a Windows based application and the interface is
user friendly, just “point and click”
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Drops Drilling Simulator DDS
Control sheet window Cost is re-calculated based on every simulated change
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Existing drilling data is used to calculate a ARSL (Apparent Rock Strength Log)
The ARSL is used to plan and simulate the forthcoming wells in the field
Assumption is that the drillability properties for each formation does not change from well to well
The simulator does not take into consideration any 3D-effects like anisotropy in stress field or mechanical data
Up to now there has been time consuming to simulate numerous different well trajectories
Drops Drilling Simulator: The ARSL
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Apparent Rock Strength
De
pth
[m
TV
D]
Well A
Well B
Well C
© Drops Technology AS
Learning Curve for One Bit
Learning Curve for 12.25 Section Using One Bit.
800000
900000
1000000
1100000
1200000
1300000
1400000
1500000
1600000
1700000
1800000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100110
120130
140 150160
170180
190
Number of Simulations.
To
tal
Co
st
for
12
.25
Se
cti
on
, $
Bit A Bit B Bit C Bit D. Bit E
© Drops Technology AS
Learning Curve Multiple Bits
Learning Curve for 12.25 Section Using Multiple Bits.
800000
900000
1000000
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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Number of Simulations.
To
tal
Co
st
for
12
.25
Sec
tio
n,
$
Bit A
B
it B
Bit A
B
it A
Bit B
Bit A
Bit D
Bit A
2 X B
it D
Bit D
Bit C
Bit C
Bit D
Bit C
Bit A
Bit B
B
it E
Bit B
Bit C
Bit C
B
it D
Bit D
Bit B
© Drops Technology AS
Simulator results: ROP
0
5
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3650 3700 3750 3800 3850 3900 3950 4000
Depth, mTVD
RO
P,
m/h
.
Measured ROP
Calculated ROP
Measured and Calculated ROP vs depth
© Drops Technology AS
Simulator Results: Rotating Hours
Cumulative rotating time for 12.25 inch Lyng bit
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800
TVD (m)
Cu
mu
lati
ve r
ota
tin
g t
ime
(ho
urs
)
. Measured rotating time
Calculated rotating time
© Drops Technology AS
Simulation of Bit wear
Bit Wear Evaluation
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2854 3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250 3300 3350 3400 3450 3500 3550 3600 3650 3688
TVD (m)
Bit
Wea
r
.
Center
Gage
Average
(Reported Wear 2-6)
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In addition to being a planning tool, DDS has functionality for comparing the planned well program with the actual data from the rig
Conduct rapidly decisions in unforeseen situations
Re-simulate the planned program with new equipment, bits, etc.
Time Progress, 12.25" Section
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Time [Hr]D
epth
[m
MD
]
Rotating Time, Simulated
Rotating Time, Field
Drops Drilling Simulator: Real time Follow up
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Software integration
Task 1 Implement DDS in Tigress shared earth model software This has been done by running Drops using vm-ware in
Linux All data needed for running DDS is stored in PDS. Vector based special bit information is implemented in
Tigress as an drilling event Adjusting data for DDS based on new well trajectories is
easily done in Tigress by using their G&G modules DDS 2.7 is now commercially for sale by Tigress
This task of the project is finished as planned
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Results: Software integration
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Software integration
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Software integration
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Software integration
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ARSL based on other strength criteria
When bit is penetrating the rock, different modes of failure occurs in the rock like, shearing, crushing and tension fracturing
The drillability is the resistance of the rock being penetrated by the drill bits
Drillability of the rock is a dynamic parameter However, Rock strength and drillability are closely
connected In this ongoing work we have been able to establish rock
strength based on different electric logs which is comparable with the ARSL based on drilling data.
One exception is for harder zones which still some additional work remaining
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ARSL: From other sources
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Variation in properties: Anisotropy
Anisotropy effects Stress field Rock strength may have
anisotropic behavior Or large variations Effect when drilling: If directional change
determine an increase in mudweight this will increase drilling time and increase wear
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Task 3 progress report
Task 3. Develop automatic well planning routine in DDS By developing algorithms that make more of the drilling
simulation automatically there is a possibility to increase the numbers of well scenario which is simulated
A new bit routine is underway. This routine will make it possible to automatically simulate different bits for each section and thereby increase the numbers of simulations performed and increase the value of planning
© Drops Technology AS
Summary
Up to now our project followed its original progress Task one, the software integration went well Drops believe that being part of a larger software
package to the oil companies will give economical results in near future
We believe that drilling simulation will be common in the future so the time works for us, not against us
We would like to thank NFR for giving a small company as ours the possibility to do research. Whiteout NFR support we would not have been able to do it
© Drops Technology AS
Example: Day to day follow up
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44000 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Time (hrs)
Me
as
ure
d D
ep
th (
m)
8.5 in Pilot
8.5in Simulated
8.5in Actual
Trip for Bit Change
Bit Quits Drilling
RPM recommendations not followed
Rig was informed
that bit will wear out
before TD
Trying to save five
hours resulted in a
loss of 15+ hours
(or about $100.000) !
8 1/2” Section Time-Depth Curve