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© Hatfield Consultants. All Rights Reserved.

MOEMOE

16-Jul-09

“Cambodia’s Presentation

on Experiences Using the POPs Toolkit”

by Roath Sith

Final Regional WorkshopDa Nang, Viet Nam, 2009

SLIDE 2© Hatfield Consultants. All Rights Reserved.

Contents

Experience using the POPs Toolkit

Contaminated Sites

Key Receptors and Exposure Pathways

Risk Management Goals and Sub-Goals

Economic Analysis

Conclusions


Overall Experience using the POPs Toolkit (1)

Application of POPs Toolkit for the case study:

POPs Toolkit was used for training and conducting riskassessment/management for a major transformer andelectrical equipment warehouse, Phnom Penh;

The tools were found to be practical and robust.However, its application is limited due to limitedcapacity (further training is needed), and limited accessto internet;

MOE is looking for further support in training of trainersand users of POPs Toolkit.



Sambour Warehouse:

Site just operate since 1997,

Found PCBs in dielectric oil,

Tested confirmed PCBs expose to soil (>2.6-10.2times, WHO-2005), animal and human,

Population within 1km radium ~1300 persons

Site Prioritization Score (from Toolkit): 71



Location of the Sambour EDC Warehouse and sampling sites



Blood PCB concentrations (homologues) of EDC employees andfamily members (pg/g lipid),


Top 3 Contaminated Sites (1)

Results of using the POPs Toolkit to obtain the score from theRisk Prioritization Tool

Site Name Site Prioritization Score(from Toolkit)

Contaminants of Concern /Comments

Contaminated Site 1

Chak AngreTransformerWorkshop

81 – class 1 (highpriority for action)

PCBs, and potentialdioxin.

Contaminated Site 2

Stung Mean chheylandfill

76.5 – class 1 (highpriority for action)

DDT, Dioxin/Furan, PCBsand other persistent toxicsubstances

Contaminated Site 3

Prek Puth Mean BoonCrematorium

65 - Class 2 (Medium-high priority for Action)

Dioxin/Furan, and otherpersistent toxicsubstances



1. What can be done to deal with this problem?

Further action would be to assess health risks to

humans and natural environment from exposure to

persistent organic chemicals of concern:

Mobilize human and financial supports;

Data collection;

Problem formulation;

Exposure & toxicity analysis; and

Risk characterization & way towards risk management (if risk is

unacceptable).



2. Mechanism (incl. legal) for POPs management

Law on environmental protection and natural resources

management,

3 sub-decrees on: solid waste management, water pollution

control, and control of air pollution and noise disturbance,

National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention,

MOE’s strategy and action plan (2009-2013)

Department of Environmental Pollution Control, and

Laboratory



3. Challenges for managing contaminated sites

Gaps in environmental laws and legislation,

Limited enforcements,

Limited professional skills,

Limited budget,

Limited background data and information,

Lack of waste reception facilities for general, infectious and

hazardous wastes,

High illiterate people and limited awareness raising activities



4. Communication to address problems

In the context of competing national priorities and limited

resources, a well-developed risk communication to policy-

makers must be in place for Fostering national political and

securing financial commitments

Strengthening the capacity (human and institutions)

Application of BAT/BEP

Conducting public awareness raising



5. Limitations or problems experienced in dealingwith contaminated sites in the country

Staff with appropriate qualification in the field of risk

assessment and management is extremely limited;

Lack of proper incentive/encouragement for staff to spend

quality time on RA/RM of POPs;

Lack of data and appropriate technology; and

Lack of proper awareness about the contribution of the POPs

and chemical management to the poverty eradication that is

on the top of national political agenda.


Key Receptors and Exposure Pathways

Site Name Exposure Pathways # People Potentially Impacted /Other Receptors

Contaminated Site 1

Chak Angre TransformerWorkshop

-Dermal contact;

-Ingestion;

-Inhalation

-Repaired workers,

-General workers

Contaminated Site 2

Stung Mean Chheydumpsite

-Dermal contact;

-Ingestion;

-Inhalation

-Scavengers, includingchildren

-Nearby residents

-Dumpsite workers/ officers

Contaminated Site 3

Prek Puth Mean BoonCrematorium

-Inhalation

-Dermal contact;

-Ingestion;

-Nun, layperson

-Nearby residents


Risk Management Goals and Sub-Goals

Site Name Management Goal Management Sub-Goals

ContaminatedSite 1 (ChakAngreTransformerWorkshop)

Protect human healthand the environmentfrom adverse affectedby PCBs

To minimize health risks ofworkers,

Apply ESM (BAT/BEP) at site,

Clean up the site, or makecontainment if budget unavailable

ContaminatedSite 2 (StungMean Chheydumpsite)

Prevent the release ofcontaminants intoenvironment andprotect human health

Convert dumpsite to sanitarylandfill,

Minimize risks to workers andresidents,

Apply 3R,

Raise public awareness

ContaminatedSite 3 (Prek PuthMean BoonCrematorium)

Minimize (or eliminate)the formation andrelease of U-POPs

Improve existing crematoria tomodern one,

Remove unwanted items and useclean energy for burning corpses


Economic Analysis

Gaps in legislationincl. enforcement,

Economic is intransition,

No nationaltechnical guideline

Limitedknowledge andawareness raising

Main factorsSite Name RiskManagementScenario

Estimate Cost ofImplementation

ContaminatedSite 1(TransformerWorkshop)

Training

Application ofESM

TBC

ContaminatedSite 2(dumpsite)

Training

Application ofESM

TBC

ContaminatedSite 3(Crematorium)

Developmentof policy &guideline

Awarenessraising

TBC


Conclusions

Need further study on other hot spots for RA&RM

Need further training for officers (national and provinciallevels)

Toolkits must be available in local language

Toolkit can be used at both internet and non-internet bases

Sustainable use of Toolkit is every much important

Toolkit must be applicable to take RA for other hazardouschemicals, i.e. heavy metals rather than POPs

Need further trainings for officers on how to us Toolkit forsites assessment and management,

Needs further assistance from development partners, as LeastDeveloping Countries seem to become victim to theircommitment to the international agreements

© Hatfield Consultants. All Rights Reserved. 16-Jul-09

For further information contact: Name: Department of Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of

EnvironmentAddress: #48, Samdech Preah Sihanouk, Tonle Bassac,Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh, CambodiaEmail: [email protected]

Thank You

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