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Class

11

LABORATORY MANUAL

inCHEMISTRY

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Typeset by : R.N. Graphics

Printed by : Upkar Printing Unit

0215

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For successfully completing theExperiments specified

in the CBSE Curriculum

CONTENTS

Unit Topic Page

(v)

Chapter 1. (Basic Laboratory Techniques) 9 – 14

Experiment 1.1 : Cutting of a glass tube

Experiment 1.2 : To bend a glass tube

Experiment 1.3 : To draw a jet from a glass tube

Experiment 1.4 : To bore a hole in a cork

Chapter 2. (Characterisation and Purification of chemical substances) 15 – 20

Experiment 2.1 : To determine the melting point of the given solid organic compound

Experiment 2.2 : To determine the boiling point of a given organic liquid

Experiment 2.3 : Purification of sample of any one (Potash alum, Copper Sulphate or Benzoic acid) by crystallization

Chapter 3. (Experiments based on PH) 21 – 29

Experiment 3.1 : To determine the PH values of the given samples. (1) Lemon juice, (2) Orange juice,

(3) Tomato juice, (4) Apple juice, (5) Pine apple juice, (6) Common Salt .

Experiment 3.2 : To determine the PH of various samples of NaOH solution at different concentrations.

Experiment 3.3 : To determine the PH values of Hcl acid at different concentration (strengths).

Experiment 3.4 : Compare the PH solutions of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid having same concentrations.

Experiment 3.5 : Study the PH change in the titration of Hcl with NaOH using universal indicator

Experiment 3.6 : To study the variation in PH by common ion effect in case of weak acids and weak bases.

Chapter 4. (Chemical Equilibrium) 30 – 34

Experiment 4.1 : Study of shift in equilibrium in the reaction of ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing the concentration of any one of these ions.

2+ - Experiment 4.2 : To Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co (H O) ] and cl by change the 2 6

concentration of either of the ions

Chapter 5. (Quantitative Analysis) 35 – 48

Experiment 5.1 : Using a chemical balance

Experiment 5.2 : To prepare 250 ml of oxalic acid solution

Experiment 5.3 : To determine the strength of the given sodium hydroxide solution by titrating it against a standard solution of oxalic acid

Experiment 5.4 : To prepare 250 ml of sodium carbonate solution.

Experiment 5.5 : To determine the strength of a given solution of hydrochloric acid by titrating it against solution of Na Co .2 3

Chapter 6. (Qualitative Analysis) 49 – 74

Experiment 6.1 : To detect one cation and one anion in the given salt.

Chapter 7. (Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine in organic compounds) 75 – 77

Experiment 7.1 : To detect the presence of nitrogen, sulphur and halogen (chlorine) in the given organic compound.

Investigatory Projects 78 – 88

Project 1 : Checking the bacterial contamination in drinking water by testing sulphide ion.

Project 2 : Study the methods of purification of water .

Project 3 : To determine the hardness of water sample.

Project 4 : To investigate the foaming capacity of different washing soaps.

Project 5 : To study the effect of addiction of sodium carbonate on the foaming capacity of given sample of soap.

Project 6 : To study the acidity of different samples of tea leaves.

Project 7: To determine the rate of evaporation of different liquids.

Project 8: To study the effect of acid and base on the tensile strength of fibres.

Project 9: To analyses fruit and vegetable juices for the content present in them.

M10

M10

M10

M100

M10

Sr. No. Experiment RemarksPageDate

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ActivitiesLIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Practicals should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes.

PRACTICAL SYLLABUS Total Periods 60Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments.Wherever possible such techniques should be used:A. Basic Laboratory Techniques1. Cutting glass tube and glass rod2. Bending a glass tube3. Drawing out a glass jet4. Boring a corkB. Characterization and Purification of Chemical Substances1. Determination of melting point of an organic compound.2. Determination of boiling point of an organic compound.3. Crystallization of impure sample of any one of the following: Alum, Copper Sulphate, Benzoic Acid C. Experiments based on pH(a) Any one of the following experiments:

· Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices, solution of known and varied concentrations of acids, bases and salts using pH paper or universal indicator.

· Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acids of same concentration.· Study the pH change in the titration of a strong base using universal indicator.

(b) Study the pH change by common-ion in case of weak acids and weak bases.D. Chemical Equilibrium One of the following experiments:a) Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing/decreasing the concentration of either of the ions.

2+b) Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H O)6] and chloride ions by 2

changing the concentration of either of the ions.E. Quantitative Estimationi) Using a chemical balance.ii) Preparation of standard solution of Oxalic acid.iii) Determination of strength of a given solution of Sodium Hydroxide by titrating it against standard solution of Oxalic acid.iv) Preparation of standard solution of Sodium Carbonate.v) Determination of strength of a given solution of Hydrochloric acid by titrating it against standard Sodium Carbonate solution.F. Qualitative Analysis(a) Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt

2+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ Cations- Pb , Cu , As , Al , Fe , Mn , Ni , Zn , Co , Ca , 2+ 2+ 2+ Sr , Ba , Mg

2- 2- 2- 2- - - - 3+ 2- -Anions-CO , S , SO , SO , NO , Cl , Br, I , PO , C O , CH COO3 3 4 3 2 4 3

(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)(b) Detection of -Nitrogen, Sulphur, Chlorine in organic compounds.PROJECTScientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other sources.A few suggested Projects

· Checking the bacterial contamination in drinking water by testing sulphide ion.· Study of the methods of purification of water.· Testing the hardness, presence of Iron, Fluoride, Chloride, etc., depending upon

the regional variation in drinking water and study of causes of presence of these ions above permissible limit (if any).

· Investigation of the foaming capacity of different washing soaps and the effect of addition of Sodium Carbonate on it.

· Study the acidity of different samples of tea leaves.· Determination of the rate of evaporation of different liquids.· Study the effect of acids and bases on the tensile strength of fibers.· Study of acidity of fruit and vegetable juices.

Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can be chosen with the approval of the teacher.

PRACTICALS Evaluation Scheme for Examination MarksVolumetric Analysis 08Salt Analysis 08Content Based Experiment 06Project Work 04Class record and viva 04 Total 30

PREFACE

(vii)

CBSE always believe in Global Trends of Educational Transformation. The CBSE curriculum gets its lead from National Curriculum Framework – 2005 and Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act – 2009. As said by John Holt “We learn to do something by doing it. Laboratory work has special importance in the learning of science as scientific principles develop and grow on the basis of Laboratory work.

The Chemistry Lab Manual for Classes XI & XII has been written so as to supplement the need of the students to prepare for lab work and improve practical skills among students.

This Lab Manual includes all activities and experiments as specified in latest CBSE curriculum. Each activity/experiment comprises of theoretical concepts which provides brief description about activities. At the end of every activity Viva Voce questions have been given for extra practice. Projects have been added to facilitate collective efforts and extension of learning to real life.

This book is strictly according to the latest CBSE guidelines, and contains more than sufficient viva voce questions and brief description of each activity/experiment, which help students in practicing and completing the lab work. All activities and experiments are always checked twice. Practically, this book provides students everything they need to learn during their lab work. Since we believe in continuous improvement, hence this book has been written with accuracy as well as updated as per CBSE guidelines and reviewed at different tiers by panel of experts.

We are sure that this book will serve as a perfect teaching guide for the teachers and good lab manual for the students. It is expected that they will take full advantage of our knowledge and experience.

At last we would like to thank our authors, editors, reviewers and specially students who regularly send us suggestions which helps in continuous improvement of this book and makes this book stand in the category of “One of the Best”. Wish you all Happy Learning.

–Publisher

Sr. No. Activity / Project

Remarks/Signature

Record of the Activities/Projects performed

PageNo.Date

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9

Chapter 1

BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES

EXPERIMENT NO. 1.1

CUTTING OF A GLASS TUBE

Cutting of a glass tube is basically required for making U-shaped tubes, delivery tubes and other purposes.

AIM

To cut a glass tube or glass rod.

MATERIAL REQUIRED

Glass tube, glass rod, triangular file, Bunsen-Burner.

PROCEDURE

Cutting of a glass tube into two parts involves the following steps :

(a) Making a file scratch— Select a glass piece of suitable length. Hold the glass tube in your left hand and place it on the table like shown in the figure. Mark on it with ink or chalk and than make a fine single and straight scratch with the sharp edge of triangular file on it with a little pressure.

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Oswaal CBSE Laboratory Manual ForClass 11 Chemistry

Publisher : Oswaal Books ISBN : 9789351276173 Author : Panel Of Experts

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