07 2013 2014 comunicazione “molti” -> 1: privacy, riservatezza, dati personali

7/22/2019 07 2013 2014 Comunicazione “molti” -> 1: Privacy, Riservatezza, Dati personali

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/07-2013-2014-comunicazione-molti-1-privacy-riservatezza-dati-personali 1/31

Xkavhrsatç bhofa ^tuba ba Xbakh ; Bap`rtaihktl ba ^nahkzh oaurabanmh ; Akclri`tan` Oauraban` --; Nliukan`zalkh ‖ilfta’ -; 0 (0) 470>-;4702

Rhstl basplkadafh su fanhkz` Nrh`tavh Nliilks - mttp5//nrh`tavhnliilks.lro/fanhkshs/dy-kn-kb/4.8/bhhb.at 0 / >0

Nliukan`zalkh ‖ilfta’ -; 05 Wrav`ny, Tashrv`thzz`, B`ta phrslk`fa

0.- Wrhihss` ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 0.0.- Akqu`br̀ ihktl bhff` fhzalkh f̀f‑akthrkl bhf nlrsl .................................................................................................................................. 4 0.4.- Puhstalka thnkanmh5 fh ‖iak`nnh’ `ff` ‖prav`ny’ ................................................................................................................................... 4

0.4.0.- Ak ohkhr`fh, fh kulvh thnklfloa` ba vabhlslrvhofa`kz` ................................................................................................................ > 0.4.4.- Fh thnklfloah ba slrvhofa`kz` bhffh nliukan`zalka ` basplsazalkh bhffh ùtlratç puddfanmh ................................................. > 0.4.>.- Af ilkatlròoal bhffh akclri`zalka narnlf`kta `ttr`vhrsl Akthrkht .............................................................................................. 8 0.4.2.- A sasthia ba ilkatlròoal bha slna`f ihba` .................................................................................................................................... 8

0.>.- Aktrlbuzalkh5 struttur̀ bhff‑hsplsazalkh bhff‑`rolihktl ....................................................................................................................... 3 4.- B`ff` ‖prav`ny’ `f ‖barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`’ ............................................................................................................................................... 3

4.0.- Lraoaka bhff` prav`ny .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 4.4.- F‑hvlfuzalkh bhff` prav̀ ny ........................................................................................................................................................................... ? 4.>.- F` prav`ny looa5 ‖@ihran`k Brhì’ vs. ‖Dao Drltmhr’< ..................................................................................................................... =

>.- B`f ‖barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`’ `ff` ‖prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa’ ........................................................................................................ = >.0.- Klzalkh ba rashrv`thzz` ................................................................................................................................................................................ = >.4.- Pu`facan`zalkh oauraban` bhf ‖barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`’ ........................................................................................................................ 1

2.- F` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa ..................................................................................................................................................................... 07 2.0.- Aktrlbuzalkh `f sasthi` bhff` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa (B. Fos. 073/477>) .............................................................................. 07 2.4.- Loohttl ba tuthf` .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 04 2.>.- Ilb`fatç ba prlthzalkh bhf sloohttl ‖akthrhss t̀l’ ............................................................................................................................... 0>

2.>.0.- Kha nlkcrlkta bhf Ratlf`rh5 .............................................................................................................................................................. 0> 2.>.4.- Kha nlkcrlkta bhf O`r`kth ............................................................................................................................................................... 0>

2.2.- Basnapfak` bhf tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa ......................................................................................................................................... 0> 2.2.0.- Tholfh nliuka ̀ tutta a tr`ttìhkta ................................................................................................................................................ 02 2.2.4.- Tholfh ufthralra phr a sloohtta puddfana ......................................................................................................................................... 02 2.2.>.- Tholfh ufthralra phr `ftra sloohtta ................................................................................................................................................... 02 2.2.2.- Ilb`fatç bhf tr`ttìhktl h ‖iasurh ba sanurhzz`’ ....................................................................................................................... 03 2.2.8.- @bhipaihkta ufthralra ..................................................................................................................................................................... 0=

2.8.- Af chklihkl bhffl ‖spìiako’ ................................................................................................................................................................. 01 8.- Tashrv`thzz`, prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa h r`pplrtl ba f`vlrl .......................................................................................................... 40 3.- (*) @pprlclkbaihkta .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4>

3.0.- ̂ uffh lraoaka bhff` prav`ny ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4> 3.4.- Nrlklfloa` bha prlvvhbaihkta klri`tava ak thi` ba rashrv`thzz` ....................................................................................................... 4> 3.>.- Hfhknl ba ùtlrazz`zalka ohkhr`fa ............................................................................................................................................................. 48 3.2.- Wrhnùzalka bhtt`th b`f o`r`kth phr f` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa suf fulol ba f`vlrl .............................................................. 48

?.- Wraknap`fa rachraihkta ......................................................................................................................................................................................... >0

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/deed.it




; Wrhihss` ;


0.- Wrhihss`

Wrai` ba svlfohrh f‑`rolihktl bhff` ‖prav`ny’, lnnlrrh clrkarh `fnukh akban`zalka ak ihratl `ff` su` nlffln`zalkh `ff‑ak-thrkl bhf nlrsl, prlsphtt`rh fh pañ r afhv`kta quhstalka nmh hihrolkl b`ff‑hsphrahkz` h akbavabu`rh ofa `rolihkta loohttl babasnussalkh, hsplkhkblkh f‑lrbakh.

0.0.- Akqu`brìhktl bhff` fhzalkh `ff‑akthrkl bhf nlrsl

Nlk f` fhzalkh lbahrk` sa p`ss` `ff` tr`tt`zalkh ba uk` clri` ba nliukan`zalkh `knlr` bavhrs` b`ffh prhnhbhkta.Nlih sa vhbh khffl snmhi` nmh shouh, sa tr`tt` bhff` nliukan`zalkh ‖ilfta -; 0’.

0 ilfta

0Nlktr`ttl thfhi`tanl Klia ` bliakal

Fadhrtç ba hsprhssalkh ak rhth

ilftaNliputhr nraihs

‖prav`ny’

Nlpyraomt h Whhr tl phhr

^lna`f khtwlrjs

nlpyfhct

Lnnlrrh rad`barh nmh `ff` n`tholra` ‖ilfta -;0’ khffh pañ ùtlrhvlfa tr`tt`zalka ak i`thra` klk í `ttraduat` ùtlklia`nlknhttu`fh. Hss` shrvh „ nlkvhkzalk`fihkth à caka bhf prhshkth nlrsl „ nlih ‖qu`br`kth’ ak nua akshrarh tutth fh aplthsaak nua `ff‑akbavabul vhkolkl ravlfth ‖ranmahsth akclri`tavh’5 sa stuba`, ak `ftra thriaka, ak qu`fa n`sa h ` nmh nlkbazalka f‑akbavabulranhvh AKWXR b`ff‑hsthrkl h ak nmh ilbl rhstatuasnh LXRWXR.

Wañ khf bhttòfal, sa nlksabhr`kl buh aplthsa5

(0) F` slnahtç ranmahbh `f sakolfl akbavabul ba `bhou`rsa `ffh prlnhburh nlkbavash b`ff` nlffhttavatç. B`f puktl ba vast`clri`fastanl „ nmh í quhffl pañ vanakl `f p`r`baoi` thnklnr`tanl „ naô raou`rb` hsshkza`fihkth af rasphttl bhffh fhooa.@a caka bhf prhshkth nlrsl rafhv`kl ak p`rtanlf`rh fh klrih phk`fa. â rakva` `ff` fhzalkh rhf`tav` `ff` nraiak`fatç akclr-i`tan`.

(4) F` slnahtç ranmahbh `f sakolfl ba rhkbhrh `nnhssadafa akclri`zalka nmh raou`rb`kl f` su` akthralratç. Pua puô hsshrhakshratl af or`kbh thi` bhff` tuthf` bhff` rashrv`thzz`, l ihofal, bhff` ‖prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa’. F` fhzalkhlbahrk` tr`tthrç quhstl `rolihktl.

0.4.- Puhstalka thnkanmh5 fh ‖iak`nnh’ `ff` ‖ prav`ny ’

F` quhstalkh bhf barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz` ak rhth í p`rtanlf`rihkth spakls`. @kza. Í b`vvhrl nlipfhss` tutt` f` schr`nlknhrkhkth f` tuthf` bhff` rashrv`thzz` `ff‑akthrkl bhff` ‖^lnahtç bhff‑akclri`zalkh’.

Ak rh`ftç, af prldfhi` í akslfudafh, phrnmá khf ilihktl sthssl ak nua `nnhbh `ff` rhth, f‑uthkth klk puô hsaihrsa b`fraf`sna`rh uk` sna` ba akclri`zalka nmh fl rhkblkl „ ak thlra` „ abhktacan`dafh h nlktrlff`dafh.

Ba c`ttl, f` quhstalkh í shiprh ihkl shktat`, `knmh phrnmá f‑uthkth ran`v` or`tacan`zalka ba loka tapl (`knmh ak thriakaba shipfacan`zalkh kha ohsta qultaba`ka) h bavhkt` shiprh pañ prlphksl ` ‖kholza`rh’ f` su` schr` prav`t`.

slnahtç akbavabul

akput

lutput





; Wrhihss` ;

Rhstl basplkadafh su fanhkz` Nrh`tavh Nliilks - mttp5//nrh`tavhnliilks.lro/fanhkshs/dy-kn-kb/4.8/bhhb.at > / >0

Í utafh nlknhktr`rsa ak va` prhfaiak`rh suffh ilb`fatç thnkanmh nlk nua looa í plssadafh òorhbarh fh akclri`zalka `ftrua.Ak quhst` shbh klk í af n`sl ba slcchri`rsa suff` bhsnrazalkh bha bhttòfa ba cukzalkìhktl, i` í utafh clrkarh uk qu`brl

nlipfhssavl ak lrbakh à sasthia ba akv`salkh bhff` ‖prav`ny sa` khf ilkbl ‖rh`fh’, sa` ak quhffl ‖vartu`fh’ bhff` Thth. Í lpplrtukl prhnas`rh nmh fh thnklfloah vhkolkl utafazz`th sa` b`ffh astatuzalka sa` bà prav`ta, ̀ bavhrsa caka.

0.4.0.- Ak ohkhr`fh, fh kulvh thnklfloa` ba vabhlslrvhofa`kz`

Í qu`sa akutafh ranlrb`rh f‑hsasthkz` ba uk shiprh pañ calrhkth ihrn`tl ba struihkta phr f` vabhlslrvhofa`kz`, nmh nlk-shktlkl quakba uk nlktrlffl rhiltl bha fuloma (thfhnìhrh ` narnuatl nmausl, phr hshipal) ohkhr`fihkth phr iltava basanurhzz`.

Í akthrhss`kth phrô nmh `fnuka basplsatava pañ rhnhkta sa`kl ak or`bl ba vlf`rh, `nquasasn`kl aiiòaka shiprh pañ bht-tòfa`th0 h sa`kl blt`ta ba akthffaohkz` ̀ rtacana`fh4.

0.4.4.- Fh thnklfloah ba slrvhofa`kz` bhffh nliukan`zalka ` basplsazalkh bhffh ùtlratç puddfanmh

Í utafh nlknhktr`rh f‑`tthkzalkh suff` plssadafatç ba ilkatlr`rh fh nliukan`zalka hfhttrlkanmh, praknap`fihkth phr snlpaba sanurhzz` k`zalk`fh. â tr`tt` praknap`fihkth ba sasthia ba caftròoal bhffh nliukan`zalka.

- Hnmhflk (pañ prhnasìhkth @X^N@KKUXJX^) m` bhst`tl f` prhlnnup`zalkh bhff‑Xkalkh Hurlph`>.

Caour` 05 r`pprhshkt`zalkh bhffh st`zalka ba `snlftl HNMHFLK 2

0 Ncr. Af prlohttl @TOX^-A^ mttp5//www.hxtrhihthnm.nli/hxtrhih/023171-b`rp`-smlws-lcc-0-=-oao`paxhf-survhaff`knh-brlkh-n`k-splt-`-thrrlrast-crli-47777-chht

4 Ncr. af vhfavlfl swakofht N@I mttp5//www.ylutudh.nli/w`tnm<ch`turh9pf`yhr\hidhbbhb&v9D-xSy4H0sR2> OHTM@TB ^NMIAB, Thf`zalkh suff‑hsasthkz` ba uk sasthi` b'akthrnhtt`zalkh ofld`fh phr fh nliukan`zalka prav`th hb hnlklianmh(sasthi` b'akthrnhtt`zalkh HNMHFLK)5 W`rfìhktl Hurlphl, 4770, k. 4770/471= (AKA) Ncr. aklftrh Taslfuzalka bhf W`rfìhktl Hurlphl@8-7432/4770 bhf 8 shtthidrh 4770 h D8-784=/4774 bhf 42 lttldrh 4774: basnussalkh ak ^hbut` pfhk`ra` bhf 4> lttldrh 4774.

2 mttp5//www.krn.kf/kahuws/470>/00/4>/ks`-akchnthb-87777-nliputhr-khtwlrjs-watm-i`fanalus-slctw`rh/


http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/146909-darpa-shows-off-1-8-gigapixel-surveillance-drone-can-spot-a-terrorist-from-20000-feet


http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=B-xVy2E1sT4

http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2013/11/23/nsa-infected-50000-computer-networks-with-malicious-software/

http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2013/11/23/nsa-infected-50000-computer-networks-with-malicious-software/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=B-xVy2E1sT4






; Wrhihss` ;


- N`rkavlrh (lr` K`rusAksaomt8), utafazz`tl b`ff‑C.D.A.

Caour` 45 snmhi` ba cukzalkìhktl bhf sasthi` "N`rkavlrh"

- Wrasi (hihrsl b`ffh bhf`zalka ba Hbw`rb ^klwbhk)3

Caour` >5 n`fnlfl ùtli`tanl suff` qu`ktatç ba b`ta akthrnhtt`ta b`ff` K^@ raplrt`tl suf satl bhf Ou`rba`k

Caour` 25 snmhi` ba cukzalkìhktl bhf sasthi` ba akthrnhtt`zalkh bhff` K^@ ?

8 mttp5//www.k`rus.nli/akbhx.pmp/prlbunt/k`rusaksaomt. 3 mttp5//www.tmhou`rba`k.nli/wlrfb/akthr`ntavh/470>/klv/70/sklwbhk-ks`-cafhs-survhaff`knh-rhvhf`talks-bhnlbhb#shntalk/0? mttp5//www.warhb.nli/tmrh`tfhvhf/4704/7>/cc\ks`b`t`nhkthr/`ff/


http://www.narus.com/index.php/product/narusinsight

http://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/nov/01/snowden-nsa-files-surveillance-revelations-decoded#section/1

http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2012/03/ff_nsadatacenter/all/

http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2012/03/ff_nsadatacenter/all/

http://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/nov/01/snowden-nsa-files-surveillance-revelations-decoded#section/1

http://www.narus.com/index.php/product/narusinsight




; Wrhihss` ;


0.4.>.- Af ilkatlròoal bhffh akclri`zalka narnlf`kta `ttr`vhrsl Akthrkht

Klk í plssadafh ‖k`vao`rh’ ak Thth shkz` raf`sna`r h akclri`zalka. Naô í blvutl `f cukzalkìhktl sthssl bhf sasthi` banliukan`zalka.

â plsslkl bastakouhrh bavhrsa `sphtta.

(0)

Nlk rachraihktl `ff` rhth akthrkht ak ohkhr`fh5 sa í vastl nlih loka n`fnlf`tlrh ak rhth sa` abhktacan`dafh suff`d`sh bhff‑akbarazzl AW. Hvabhkthihkth f‑abhktacan`zalkh klk sa hsthkbh ak hquavlnìhkth `ff‑uthkth, i` ba nhrtlklk í baccanafh prhsuihrkh f‑`nnlstìhktl, slpr`ttuttl qu`kbl f` nlkkhssalkh `vvahkh suff` d`sh ba uk akbarazzlAW st`tanl (hs5 rhth `zahkb`fh) h f‑`nnhssl `f nliputhr í nlkbazalk`tl ` prlnhburh ba ùthktan`zalkh. â vhbrç,nlk rachraihktl `ff` tuthf` bhf nlpyraomt, nlih ofa sthssa prlvabhr nlkshrvakl a b`ta bhffh nlkkhssalka phr thiparhf`tavìhkth fukoma. Whr nlkvhrsl, slkl basplkadafa „ `knmh ` pòìhktl „ bavhrsa shrvaza ba `klkaiazz`zalkh,nrattlor`ca` bhffh nliukan`zalka, i`snmhrìhktl bhofa akbarazza AW=.

(4) Nlk rachraihktl `ffh rhta ‖waca’5 f‑`nnhssl `vvahkh hsshkza`fihkth `ttr`vhrsl shok`fa r`bal prlthtta b` sasthianrattlor`cana. ^h f‑ìiakastr`tlrh ba sasthi` klk utafazz` `bhou`th iasurh ba prlthzalkh, fh nliukan`zalka slklvasadafa `ttr`vhrsl `pplsata prlorìia nmh ‖caut`kl’ a b`ta nmh cfuasnlkl, phr hshipal, tr` basplsatavl plrt`tafh hrluthr. Ollofh vhkkh `nnus`t` ba ‖akthrnhtt`zalka `dusavh’ phrnmá ‖`kkus`v`’ f‑hsasthkz` ba rhta klk prlthtthkhff‑`ttl ba r`nnlofahrh aiiòaka phr af shrvazal ^trhht Sahw. Ak quhstl shksl bavhrsh nlktrlvhrsah slrshrl khofa^t`ta Xkata1 h ak Hurlp` Ollofh07.

(>) Nlk rachraihktl `f whd5 f` k`vao`zalkh tr` fh pòakh whd aknrhihkt` fl snìdal ba akclri`zalka tr` af nfahkt haf shrvhr. Ba c`ttl, af drlwshr nliukan` à sata whd uk aksahih klthvlfh ba b`ta cukzalk`fa ` bhthriak`rh af ilbl aknua fh pòakh vhkolkl nliplsth suffl snmhril (tapl ba drlwshr, sht ba clkts, sasthi` lphr`tavl, lr` fln`fh)00.

(2) Nlk rachraihktl ̀ sasthia ufthralra ba tr`nnaìhktl bha b`ta5 sa nlksabhr`kl nlih hshipal a nlljahs, strakomhba thstl sn`ran`th bà sata sua nliputhr bha vasat`tlra phr nlkshktarkh af ranlklsnaihktl hb lphr`zalka `v`kz`th(phr hshipal, nliihrnal hfhttrlkanl).

^jak klsjak ì`zlk.bh/ 08>3 42>3=0=72= >70>7034 42>8=4=72= >70>7034 * shssalk-ab-taih47=4?82=70f ì`zlk.bh/ 08>3 07>====8?3 >0130012 42>817=72= >70>7034 * shssalk-ab 4?8-8=?73=7-348840? ì`zlk.bh/ 08>3 07>====8?3 >0130012 42>81>=72= >70>7034 *

(8) âsthia ba fln`fazz`zalkh ‖OHL tò’. Fh aiiòaka sn`tt`th bà thfhclkaka pañ `v`kz`ta plsslkl nlkthkhrh b`taba fln`fazz`zalkh nmh utafazz`kl af sasthi` OW^. Puhsth aiiòaka plsslkl hsshrh hsplrt`th hb aiplrt`th akOllofh H`rtm, nlkshkthkbl ba ‖i`pp`rh’ af fulol bhffl sn`ttl.

0.4.2.- A sasthia ba ilkatlròoal bha slna`f ihba`

A slna`f khtwlrj prlsphr`kl ak vartñ bha b`ta clrkata bòfa sthssa uthkta.Í ras`putl nmh fh akclri`zalka vhkolkl rahf`dlr`th ` caka nliihrna`fa.Í ihkl kltl nmh f‑utafazzl ba quhsta sasthia vahkh ilkatlr`tl `knmh phr caka ba sanurhzz` puddfan`04.

= Hshipal5 RLT mttps5//www.tlrprlehnt.lro/`dlut/lvhrvahw.mtif.hk1 mttp5//www.warhb.nli/tmrh`tfhvhf/4704/78/ollofh-waca-cnn-akvhstao`talk/07 mttp5//www.anl.olv.uj/khws/~/ihba`/blnuihkts/fadr`ry/Nlrplr`th/Kltanhs/ollofh\fhtthr\`f`k\hust`nh\47047300.`smx00 mttp5//prav`ny.kht/04 Xk r`pplrtl rhnhkthihkth m` ravhf`tl nmh af olvhrkl X.^.@. ilkatlr` a iòoalra slna`f ihba`. B.M.^. (Bhp`rtihkt lc Mlihf`kb^hnuraty)5 Wrav`ny Nlipfa`knh Thvahw lc tmh KLN Wudfanfy @vàf`dfh ^lna`f Ihba` Ilkatlrako `kb âtu`talk`f @w`rhkhss Akata`tavh, =klvhidrh 4704. mttp5//www.bms.olv/saths/bhcùft/cafhs/pudfan`talks/prav`ny/WNTs/WNT%47KLN%47âtu`talk`f%47@w`rh-khss%47Akata`tavh%47%4=CAK@F%41%474704007=.pbc


https://www.torproject.org/about/overview.html.en

http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2012/05/google-wifi-fcc-investigation/

http://www.ico.gov.uk/news/~/media/documents/library/Corporate/Notices/google_letter_alan_eustace_20120611.ashx

http://privacy.net/

http://privacy.net/

http://www.ico.gov.uk/news/~/media/documents/library/Corporate/Notices/google_letter_alan_eustace_20120611.ashx

http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2012/05/google-wifi-fcc-investigation/

https://www.torproject.org/about/overview.html.en




; B`ff` ‖prav`ny’ `f ‖barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`’ ;


0.>.- Aktrlbuzalkh5 struttur` bhff‑hsplsazalkh bhff‑`rolihktl

Lnnlrrh aktrlburrh af thi` bhff‑lbahrk` fhzalkh nlk uk` prhnas`zalkh clkbìhkt`fh. Wrav`ny, rashrv`thzz` h prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa slkl nlknhtta hsshkza`fihkth bavhrsa.

Wrhnas`zalkh ufthralrh5 slsthkhrh nmh sa`kl ‖hsshkza`fihkth bavhrsa’ klk saokacan` nmh sa`kl ‖tlt`fihkth bacchrhkta’. Na slkl lvvaìhkth `k`floah h nlktaouatç nmh sa plsslkl nlofahrh slpr`ttuttl slttl af prlcafl `ppfan`tavl.

Ak quhst` fhzalkh sa svlfolkl a shouhkta p`ssòoa5(0) B`ff` ‖prav`ny’ ̀ f ‖barattl ̀ ff` rashrv`thzz`’: (4) B`f ‖barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`’ `ff` ‖prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa’: (>) F` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa ak nlkcfattl nlk `ftra baratta5 af n`sl bhf f`vlr`tlrh baphkbhkth.

4.- B`ff` ‖prav`ny’ `f ‖barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`’

Ak quhst` shzalkh sa lsshrv` f` tr`sclri`zalkh nlknhttu`fh bhthriak`t` b`f p`ssòoal b`ff` prav`ny `f ‖barattl `ff` rashr-v`thzz`’.

4.0.- Lraoaka bhff` prav`ny

Nlkvhkzalk`fihkth sa c` ras`farh f‑lraoakh bhff` prav`ny `b uk `rtanlfl ba _`rrhk h Dr`kbhas bhf 0=170>.

Khff‑`rtanlfl slpr` ihkzalk`tl sa slstahkh ak i`ssai` sakthsa nmh5 - f` prlthzalkh bhff` phrslk` h bhff` su` prlprahtç í uk « praknapfh `s lfb `s tmh nliilk f`w º, i` sa í

ravhf`tl khnhss`ral `bhou`rh f` su` prlthzalkh `ffh hsaohkzh bhff` slnahtç:- sa bhsnravh uk` slrt` ba chklihklfloa` stlranastan` nmh sa clkb` suf nlktr`ttu`fasil ba Flnjh5 f` prlthzalkh

bhff‑lrbakìhktl sa hsthkbh or`bu`fihkth b`ff` vat`, `ff` prlprahtç, `ff‑hsprhssalkh bhffh abhh h bha shk-taihkta. F` tuthf` bhff` ‖prlprahtç’, p`r`ffhfìhkth, sa hsthkbh bà dhka i`thra`fa ` quhffa aii`thra`fa, tr`nua sa akshrasnh f` prlthzalkh bhff` prlprahtç akthffhttu f̀h.

- Ba crlkth `ffh hvlfuzalka bhff` thnklfloa`, nmh nlkshkth f` puddfan`zalkh ba uk` ‖cltlor`ca` ast`kt`kh`’bhffh phrslkh raprhsh khff` flrl vat`, sa akvln` naô nmh af oaubanh Rmli`s Nllfhy 02 bhcakasnh nlih «barattl

` rai`khrh slfaº5 .- Af ‖phttholfhzzl’ vahkh nlknhpatl bukquh nlih uk` valf`zalkh bhff` prlprahtç akbavabu`fh08:

- F‑ukanl nrathral phr f` baccusalkh ba akclri`zalka nlknhrkhkta f‑akbavabul í nlkcaour`tl khf sul sthssl nlk-shksl. Naô v`fh, phr hshipal, phr f` puddfan`zalkh bhff` nlrrasplkbhkz` prav`t`. Naô klk saokacan` nmhnlstatuasn` uk faiath phr f` fadhrtç ba hsprhssalkh „ `ftrl barattl nlstatuzalk`fihkth o`r`ktatl „ i` aipfan`nmh slfl akclri`zalka ba ohkhr`fh akthrhssh plss`kl hsshrh baccush `f puddfanl.

- F` vhrabanatç bhff‑akclri`zalkh l f` dulk` chbh bhf bavufo`tlrh klk plsslkl nlstatuarh uk` oaustacan`zalkh`ff` fhsalkh bhff` rhput`zalkh03.

- F‑`rtanlfl sa nlknfubh nlk uk` bli`kb` rhtlran`5 sh f‑lrbakìhktl m` nlstruatl uk n`sthffl ` tuthf` bhff`fadhrtç akbavabu`fh, nlih plsslkl a traduk`fa c`r hktr`rh f` nuralsatç b`ff` plrt` ba shrvazal< 0?

Nlih sa puô klt`rh, f` prav`ny, lraoak`raìhkth nlknhpat`, m` uk` struttur` hsshkza`fihkth akbavabu`fastan`5 f` vl-flktç bhf sloohttl í f‑ukanl ‖n`knhffl’, f` nlkbazalkh hsshkza`fh ukan` hb akhfaiak`dafh phr f‑`nnhssl `f prlpraui. F` hsnfu-savatç suf ‖dhkh akclri`zalkh’, ba nua af sloohttl í tatlf`rh h prlpraht`ral ak qu`ktl sul nrh`tlrh h rhchrhkth, puô hsshrh

0> ^@IXHF B. _@TTHK h FLXA^ B. DT@KBHA^, Rmh Taomt tl Wrav`ny , ak «M`rv`rb F`w Thvahwº 2, k. 8 (0=17) Cu af i`trailkal ba ^ìuhf_`rrhk, af nlùtlrh, nlk f` caofa` ba uk kltl shk`tlrh af iltavl sn`thk`kth bhff‑`rtanlfl, snrattl ak rh`zalkh `f nfìlrh susnat`tl bà ihba`phr fl sc`rzl bhff` nhrailka` @IQ O@EB@, _m`t ac ^ìuhf B. _`rrhk m`bk‑t i`rrahb ` shk`tlr‑s bùomthr< , ak «Ianmao`k ^t`th F`wThvahwº >8 (477=)

02 F` prai` bhcakazalkh bhff` prav`ny , bukquh ras`fh `kthralrihkth `ff‑`rtanlfl ak hsìh.08 «Olssap as kl flkohr tmh rhslurnh lc tmh abfh `kb lc tmh vanalus, dut m`s dhnlih ` tr`bh, wmanm as pursuhb watm akbustry `s whff `shccrlkthry º _@TTHK h DT@KBHA^, Rmh Taomt tl Wrav`ny , nat., p. 013.

03 â klt` nlih oaç khf 0=17 f` quhstalkh clssh nlrrhttìhkth aiplst`t`, kha thriaka ak nua f` oaurasprubhkz` at`fa`k` f‑m` nlkc aour`t`narn` qu`r`kt` `kka lr slkl.

0? «Rmh nliilk f`w m`s `fw`ys rhnlokazhb ` i`k's mlush `s mas n`stfh, aiprhok`dfh, lcthk, hvhk tl ats lwk lccanhrs hkoòhb ak tmhhxhnutalk lc ats nlii`kbs. ̂ m`ff tmh nlurts tmus nflsh tmh crlkt hktr`knh tl nlkstatuthb ̀ utmlraty, ̀ kb lphk wabh tmh d`nj bllr tl abfhlr prurahkt nuralsaty <º





; B`ff` ‖prav`ny’ `f ‖barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`’ ;

Rhstl basplkadafh su fanhkz` Nrh`tavh Nliilks - mttp5//nrh`tavhnliilks.lro/fanhkshs/dy-kn-kb/4.8/bhhb.at ? / >0

nlksabhr`t` nlih sphnacan`zalkh bhff` ‖prlprahtç ba sá’, h aipfan` uk` schr` ba nlktrlffl bhff'akbavabul, uk sul ‖bliakalaii`thra`fh hsnfusavl’, uk` "schr` ba fadhrtç", ak nua ukanl nrathral bhff` nlkbltt` í f` vlflktç5 « fadhrtç kho`tav`º khf shkslba Mhohf.

4.4.- F‑hvlfuzalkh bhff` prav`ny

F` prav`ny , nlsæ nlih nlknhpat` b` _`rrhk h Dr`kbhas, m` sudatl klthvlfa ilbacan`zalka, `b lphr` ba buh c`ttlra5

(0) f` fadhrtç ba i`kachst`zalkh bhf phksahrl hb ak p`rtanlf`rh af barattl ba nrlk`n`:

(4) f‑`ttavatç ba akbòakh b` p`rth bhff‑ùtlratç oaubaza`ra`.

Ak hcchtta, af prail c`ttlrh puô hsshrh tr`snur`tl ak quhst` shbh, sa` phrnmá sa í oaç rachratl khffh fhzalka prhnhbhkta bhffhquhstalka rhf`tavh `ff` baccì`zalkh, sa` phrnmá f` sthss` bhff` rashrv`thzz` sa í bast`nn`t` b`ff` rhput`zalkh, rhkbhkblsaùtlkli` `knmh khffh clrih ba prlthzalkh.

Lr` í saokacan`tavl nlknhktr`rh f‑`tthkzalkh suffh ilb`fatç ba akthr`zalkh tr` akbavabul h ^t`tl, nlk rachraihktl `ppuktl

`ff` quhstalkh bhff` rashrv`thzz`.Ak va` ba prail `pprlnnal í ilftl saokacan`tavl raprhkbhrh `fnukh bhnasalka stlranmh bhff` oaurasprubhkz` bhff` Nlrth

ûprhi` bhofa ^t`ta Xkata b‑@ihran`, phrnmá b` hss` sa puô nlofahrh nlih f‑akc fussl bhff` thnklfloa` `dda` nlkshktatl baplrrh fh quhstalka ak ilbl bavhrsl.

(0) N`sl «Lfisth`bº (014=)0=5 f` Nlrth ûprhi` í nmaì`t` ` bhnabhrh sh f‑akthrnhtt`zalkh thfhclkan` „ hcchttu`t`‖òo`kna`kbl’ af n`vl b`ff‑hsthrkl bhff‑`dat`zalkh ba uk tr`ccan`kth ba ̀ fnlfana „ plss` hsshrh utafazz`t` ak oaubazallppurh sh f` su` `nquasazalkh nlstatuasn` valf`zalkh bhf quaktl hihkbìhktl khff` p`rth rhf`tav` `ff‑ùtl -aipu-t`zalkh. Af oaubanh st`dafasnh nmh f` klri` nlstatuzalk`fh klk sa `ppfan` ak qu`ktl f‑akthrnhtt`zalkh klk í ukprlvvhbaihktl ba phrquasazalkh l shquhstrl h quakba klk valf` f` prlprahtç bhff‑akbavabul l f` basplkadafatç bhff`su` phrslk`. ^h `knmh n`rparh uk` akthrnhtt`zalkh puô shidr`rh ‖sudblfl’ b` p`rth bhffh ùtlratç akquarhkta,

tutt`va` hss` nlstatuasnh prlv` h klk puô hsshrh aoklr`t` ak oaubazal phrnmá `nquasat` ak ilbl ‖aiilr`fh’. Akquhst` bhnasalkh rafhv` f` «basshktako lpakalkº bhf oaubanh Dr`kbhas, af ihbhsail ùtlrh bhf nhfhdrh `rtanlfl5f‑akthrnhtt`zalkh rai`kh affhoattai`, i` klk phrnmá m` valf`tl f` prav`ny „ nmh klk blvrhddh hsthkbhrsa `ffhnlkvhrs`zalka thfhclkanmh „ i` phrnmá f‑ùtlratç akquarhkth m` òatl, khff‑`nquasazalkh bhff` prlv`, ak ilbl sud-blfl, `pprlcatt`kbl bhff` nlkbltt` nlktr`ra` `f AS hihkbìhktl bha cukzalk`ra (n.b. «uknfh`k m`kbsº, uk` slrt`ba i`f`chbh).

(4) N`sl «J`tzº (013?)015 ak quhstl n`sl f` nlkvhrs`zalkh thfhclkan` hr` `vvhkut` b` uk thfhclkl puddfanl „ nmhf‑aiput`tl utafazz`v` phr snliihssh nf`kbhstakh „ h f‑akthrnhtt`zalkh hr` nlipaut` ihba`kth ‖naianh’ akshrat`khff‑`pp`rhnnmal. F` Nlrth bhnash phr f` tuthf` bhff` rashrv`thzz` klklst`kth f` nlkvhrs`zalkh clssh `vvhkutàk fulol puddfanl (f` n`dak` thfhclkan`) h utafazz`kbl shrvaza ihssa ` basplsazalkh bhff` nlffhttavatç. Affuiak`kth f`

cr`sh bhf oaubanh Wltthr5 «af qu`rtl hihkbìhktl prlthooh fh phrslkh, klk a fulomaº.

(>) N`sl «Jyfflº (4770)475 f` vanhkb` í akthrhss`kth, phrnmá klk raou`rb` f‑akthrnhtt`zalkh bhff` nlkvhrs`zalkh,i` f` n`pt`zalkh bhffh clkta ba n`flrh b`ff‑hsthrkl ihba`kth rafhv`tlra ba aiiòaka ̀ akcr`rlssa. F` bhnasalkh rhputàffhoattai` f‑`nquasazalkh ba clkta ba prlv` ak qu`ktl i`kn`kth ba ùtlrazz`zalkh oaubaza`fh. Sahkh hsths` f` tuthf`bhff` prav`ny `b loka clri` ba akthrchrhkz` l ba `nquasazalkh ba akclri`zalka ‖`ttr`vhrsl a iura blihstana’.

Wrai` ba prlnhbhrh, lnnlrrh nlksabhr`rh nlih khf nlrsl bhf thipl af barattl `ff` prav`ny sa `str`h b`f nlkthkutl „ f‑aiiòakh, f` nlkvhrs`zalkh „ phr oaukohrh `b uk` baihksalkh purìhkth clri`fh5 fh ‖akclri`zalka’ `vhkta `b loohttl f`vat` aktai` bhff‑akbavabul.

0= Lfisth`b ht `f. v. Xkathb ^t`ths: Orhhk ht `f. v. Xkathb ^t`ths: InAkkas v. Xkathb ^t`ths, 4??ûprhih Nlurt lc tmh Xkathb ^t`ths014=) F‑aknraiak`zalkh raou`rb`v` af tr`splrtl h f` bhthkzalkh ba `fnlfana.

01 Nm`rfhs J`tz v. Xkathb ^t`ths, >=1ûprhih Nlurt lc tmh Xkathb ^t`ths 013?)47 Jyffl v. Xkathb ^t`ths, 8>>ûprhih Nlurt lc tmh Xkathb ^t`ths 4770) F‑aiput`tl hr` `nnus`tl ba nlftav`zalkh ba stuphc`nhkta ` caka basp`nnal.





; B`f ‖barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`’ `ff` ‖prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa’ ;

Rhstl basplkadafh su fanhkz` Nrh`tavh Nliilks - mttp5//nrh`tavhnliilks.lro/fanhkshs/dy-kn-kb/4.8/bhhb.at = / >0

4.>.- F` prav`ny looa5 ‖@ihran`k Brhì’ vs. ‖Dao Drltmhr’<

Í akthrhss`kth ranlrb`rh nlih af prldfhi` bhff` rashrv`thzz` vhko` akthrprht`tl b` _affaì Cùfjkhr „ fl snrattlrh prh-ial Kldhf 0121 „ af qu`fh snrassh uk‑lphr` nlkb`kk`kbl ofa svafuppa bhff` slnahtç nlkthiplr`kh`40, nlfphvlfh ba `vhrarraihba`dafihkth nlrrlttl f‑ @ihran`k Brhì.

Whr fl snrattlrh, af plthrh bhff‑akclri`zalkh akn`rkhrhddh f` nlrruzalkh bhff` slnahtç nlkthiplr`kh`, qu`sa nmh f‑aktrl-iassalkh khff‑`ftrua vat` prav`t` nlstatuasn` f` valf`zalkh ba uk` nfùslf` bhf nlktr`ttl slna`fh h ba nlkshouhkz` raplrta f‑akba-

vabul b`ff` ”Rhrr` Wrlihss`‑ bhffl ^t`tl Navafh `ff` ”Nèhkkk`‑ bhffl ^t`tl ba K`tur`. Ak hcchtta sa nlofah ak ilbl p`fi`rhnmh af ^lokl @ihran`kl í r`pprhshkt`tl klk slft`ktl nlih nliukh baihksalkh tr`snhkbhkt`fh „ ‖abhktatç nlffhttav`’ „ i` `knmh nlih nlkbazalkh prai`ra` ba sanurhzz` phr f‑akbavabul oa`nnmá, nlk f` phrbat` ba t`fh prhsupplstl, af sakolflslnnlidh, prhb` bhf pañ clrth.

Ak shss`kt‑`kka í iut`t` f` ihkt`fatç nliukh ` t`f puktl nmh khssukl „ s`kl ba ihkth „ prhthkbh ba vavhrh aslf`tl b`frhstl bhf ilkbl. Klk slfl. â `nnhtt`kl „ pañ l ihkl shrhkìhkth „ nlktrlffa hstrhiìhkth phrv`sava nmh s`rhddhrlshidr`ta ak`nnhtt`dafa `f thipl ba Cùfjkhr.

>.- B`f ‖barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`’ `ff` ‖prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa’

@dd`kblk`t` phr ròalka abhlfloanmh, pañ nmh phr iltava thnklfloana f‑abh` nmh sussast` `knlr` uk qu`fnmh barattl `ff`

‖prav`ny’, lnnlrrh nliprhkbhrh nls` sa akthkb` `fflr` phr naô nmh rai`kh ba hssl, lvvhrl af ‖barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`’, hnlih sa nlkauoma nlk af ‖barattl `ff` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa’.

>.0.- Klzalkh ba rashrv`thzz`

Ak `ftra thriaka, shnlkbl uk` bastakzalkh nlipaut` khofa `kka ^hss`kt` b` @bì _hstak, stubalsl ìhran`kl, lnnlrrhbastakouhrh nlknhttu`fihkth tr`5

(0) slfatubakh, aiplssadafatç tlt`fh ba nlkt`ttl nlk ̀ ftra:(4) aktaiatç, nlkt`ttl faiat`tl ` uk oruppl rastrhttl nlk nmausur` tlt`fh vhrsl f'hsthrkl:(>) `klkai`tl, nlkt`ttl `knmh baccusl i` shkz` plssadafatç ba akbavabu`zalkh bhffl sphnacanl sloohttl:(2) rashrv`thzz`, narnlf`zalkh bhffh akclri`zalka nlk aiplsazalkh ba uk faiath `ff` nlklsnhkz` b` p`rth ba thrza44.

Bukquh, sa puô barh nmh ‖slfatubakh’ h ‖aktaiatç’ bacchrasnlkl ak d`sh ̀ f kuihrl ba sloohtta nmh nlkbavablkl h basplkolklbhffh akclri`zalka (ukl, khf prail n`sl, ilfthpfana khf shnlkbl), ihktrh af thrzl hfhihktl hsnfubh f` nlklsnhkz` bhffàbhktatç bhf sloohttl, h af qu`rtl hfhihktl prhsupplkh nmh sa` aiplssadafh `cchri`rh uk` hsnfusavatç khf bliakal bhffhakclri`zalka, plthkblsa slfìhkth bhcakarh h rhstrakohrh f` ilb`fatç ba `nnhssl `b hssh.

Sa í uk‑`ftr` bastakzalkh nlknhttu`fh, nmh m` n`r`tthrh ‖`snhkbhkth’ phr `vvanakìhktl5

(0) shorhthzz` (shnrhny ), valf`t` qu`kbl `vvahkh f'hsthksalkh iakai` ba nlklsnhkz` plssadafh, f` nlks`phvlfhzz`bhff` `ftrua hsasthkz`:

(4) `klkai`tl (`klkaiaty ), f` nua valf`zalkh sa rh`fazz` khff` abhktacan`zalkh bhf sloohttl:(>) ‖ak`nnhssadafatç’, valf`t` qu`flr` sa vhracanma f` plssadafatç ba oaukohrh ` nlkt`ttl casanl barhttl.

40 «Puhstl hr` af ^lokl @ihran`kl5 uk `safl s`nrl, uk s`ktu`ral ak thrr` phr f‑ulil ak qu`ktl akbavabulº. H nlsæ nlktaku`, ` prlplsatlbhf ‖^lokl @ihran`kl’5 «lr` í sv`katl (…) Pu`fnls` í `vvhkutl `f ^lokl. Ilfth nlsh. Puhstl hpaslbal, al rathkol, í af saktlil bauk` ba hsshº _AFFA@I C@XFJKHT, Wrav`ny. Af slokl @ihran`kl5 nmh kh í st`tl<, ` nur` ba I`ral I`thr`ssa h Wahrl Dlat`ka, Iaf`kl5@bhfpma (Wannlf` dadfalthn` @bhfpma: 211) 477>. Cùfjkhr ratahkh saktli`tan` bhff` ‖cakh bhf ^lokl @ihran`kl’ f` puddfan`zalkh ba uk`su` dalor`ca` b` p`rth ba uk oalrk`fast`, t`fh Tldhrt Nluomf`k, klklst`kth f` su` vlflktç nlktr`ra`. Ak ihratl ia faiatl ` ihkzalk`rhT. NLXOMF@K, Rmh prav`th _lrfb lc _affaì Cùfjkhr , ak «Fach Iò`zakhº, 24, 4= shtthidrh 018>, 00=-0>3. Cùfjkhr nat` trh hshipaba ilrta affustra b`ff` nrlk`n` bhf thipl „ af nlflkkhffl Fakbdhro, af blttlr Lpphkmhaihr, a ohkatlra ba uk ihbanl ba Nfhvhf`kb `nnus`tlba `vhr unnasl ilofah h caofa „ ak r`pprhshkt`kz` bhf c`ttl nmh shkz` f` prav`ny «f‑akbavabul klk puô pañ hsshrh t`fh h shkz` (…) akbavabu`fatç hofa klk í pañ kuff` nmh v`fo` f` phk` hsshrh l nlktaku`rh `b hsshrhº adabhi, p. 43

44 @F@K C. _H^RAK, ^lna`f `kb Wlfatan`f Baihksalks lc Wrav`ny , ak «Elurk`f lc ^lna`f Assuhsº 81, k. 4 (477>).





; B`f ‖barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`’ `ff` ‖prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa’ ;


>.4.- Pu`facan`zalkh oauraban` bhf ‖barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`’

Af barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz` í uk barattl bhff` phrslk`fatç prhvastl b` bavhrsa thsta ba rhsparl akthrk`zalk`fh hb akcakh ranlkl-snautl b`ff` oaurasprubhkz` at`fa`k` nlih barattl ba rafhv`kz` nlstatuzalk`fh.

Nlih barattl clkbìhkt`fh bhff` phrslk`, í ranlklsnautl ` favhffl akthrk`zalk`fh5

(0)

`rt. 04 Banma`r`zalkh Xkavhrs`fh bha Baratta bhff‑Xlil bhf 012=:

@rtanlfl 04Khssuk akbavabul pltrç hsshrh slttlplstl `b akthrchrhkzh `rdatr`rah khff` su` vat` prav`t`, khff` su`

cìaofa`, khff` su` n`s`, khff` su` nlrrasplkbhkz`, ká ` fhsalkh bhf sul lklrh h bhff` su` rhput`zalkh.Loka akbavabul m` barattl `b hsshrh tuthf`tl b`ff` fhooh nlktrl t`fa akthrchrhkzh l fhsalka.

(4) `rt. = n. 0 Nlkvhkzalkh phr f` s`fvòu`rba` bha Baratta bhff'Xlil h bhffh Fadhrtç clkbìhkt`fa bhf 0187, r`tacan`t`nlk F. 2/=/0188, k. =2=:

@rtanlfl = Barattl `f rasphttl bhff` vat` prav`t` h cìafa`rh

(0) Loka phrslk` m` barattl `f rasphttl bhff` prlpra` vat` prav`t` h cìafa`rh, bhf prlpral blianafal h

bhff` prlpra` nlrrasplkbhkz`.(4) Klk puô hsshrva akohrhkz` ba uk` ùtlratç puddfan` khff‑hshrnazal ba t`fh barattl ` ihkl nmh t`fhakohrhkz` sa` prhvast` b`ff` fhooh h nlstatuasn` uk` iasur` nmh, ak uk` slnahtç bhilnr`tan`, í khnhss`ra``ff` sanurhzz` k`zalk`fh, `ff` puddfan` sanurhzz`, `f dhkhsshrh hnlklianl bhf p`hsh, `ff` bachs` bhff‑lr-bakh h `ff` prhvhkzalkh bha rh`ta, `ff` prlthzalkh bhff` s`futh l bhff` ilr`fh, l `ff` prlthzalkh bha baratta hbhffh fadhrtç `ftrua.

(>) @rt. 0?, W`tta akthrk`zalk`fa sua baratta bhff'Xlil, `bltt`ta b`ff'@sshidfh` Ohkhr`fh bhffh K`zalka Xkath af 03 ba-nhidrh 0133 hb hktr`ta ak vaolrh khf nlrsl bhf 01?3

@rtanlfl 0?0. Khssukl puô hsshrh slttlplstl `b akthrchrhkzh `rdatr`rah l affhoattaih khff` su` vat` prav`t`, khff`

su` cìaofa`, khff` su` n`s` l khff` su` nlrrasplkbhkz`, ká ` affhoattaih lcchsh `f sul lklrh h `ff` su`rhput`zalkh.4. Loka akbavabul m` barattl `b hsshrh tuthf`tl b`ff` fhooh nlktrl t`fa akthrchrhkzh lb lcchsh.

(2) Nlkvhkzalkh bhf Nlksaofal b‑Hurlp` k. 07=/01=0 suff` prlthzalkh bhffh phrslkh rasphttl `f tr`ttìhktl ùtli`-tazz`tl ba b`ta ba n`r`tthrh phrslk`fh „ n.b. Nlkvhkzalkh ba ^tr`sdurol „ r`tacan`t` nlk F. 40/4/01=1, k. 1=)

(8) `rtt. ? h =, N`rt` bha baratta Clkbìhkt`fa bhff‑Xkalkh Hurlph`: vaknlf`kth phr f‑At`fa` à shksa bhff‑`rt. 3 n. 0R r`tt`tl suff‑Xkalkh Hurlph`, r`tacan`tl nlk F. 4/=/477=, k. 0>7).

@rtanlfl ? Tasphttl bhff` vat` prav`t` h bhff` vat` cìafa`rh.

Loka akbavabul m` barattl `f rasphttl bhff` prlpra` vat` prav`t` h cìafa`rh, bhf prlpral blianafal h bhffhsuh nliukan`zalka.

@rtanlfl = Wrlthzalkh bha b`ta ba n`r`tthrh phrslk`fh(0) Loka akbavabul m` barattl `ff` prlthzalkh bha b`ta ba n`r`tthrh phrslk`fh nmh fl raou`rb`kl.(4) R`fa b`ta bhvlkl hsshrh tr`tt`ta shnlkbl af praknapal ba fh`ftç, phr cak`fatç bhthriak`th h ak d`sh `f

nlkshksl bhff` phrslk` akthrhss`t` l ̀ uk ̀ ftrl clkbìhktl fhoattail prhvastl b`ff` fhooh. Loka akbavabulm` af barattl ba `nnhbhrh à b`ta r`nnlfta nmh fl raou`rb`kl h ba ltthkhrkh f` rhttacan`.

(>) Af rasphttl ba t`fa rholfh í sloohttl `f nlktrlffl ba uk'ùtlratç akbaphkbhkth.

B`f puktl ba vast` thlranl, khff‑lrbakìhktl akthrkl f` valf`zalkh bhff‑`ftrua barattl ̀ ff` rashrv`thzz` í clkth ba rhsplks`-dafatç ak vartñ bhff‑`ppfan z̀alkh «lrazzlkt`fhº bhffh prhvasalka nlstatuzalk`fa (`rt. 4, ranlklsnaihktl bha «baratta akvalf`dafa º: ̀ rt.00, rhf`tavl `ff‑`bhsalkh `ffh nlkvhkzalka akthrk`zalk`fa: `rt. 00? nlk sphnacanl rachraihktl khff‑lrbakìhktl nliukat`ral)lphr`t` b`f sasthi` bhff‑affhnatl `quafa`kl hb ak p`rtanlf`rh b`ff` su` klri` n`rbakh, f‑`rt. 472> NN.

F` ranlstruzalkh bhf barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz` khf klstrl lrbakìhktl í hsshkza`fihkth uk` nlkquast` oaurasprubhkza`fh.Whr quhstl í akthrhss`kth shouarh `fnukh ‖t`pph’ bhf phrnlrsl.





; F` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa ;


(0) ‖n`sl N`rusl’ (N`ss. 44/04/0183, k. 22=?). Af cafi d`s`tl suff` dalor`ca` bhf thklrh, raou`rb`kth `knmh `sphttabhff` vat` cìafa`rh, í prlblttl shkz` af nlkshksl bha nlkoaukta, a qu`fa ltthkolkl ròalkh prhssl f` nlrth ba ihratlak d`sh `b uk‑`ssaiaf`zalkh tr` af barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz` hb af barattl `ff‑aiiòakh (Rraduk`fh ba Tli` shkt.02/1/018>), i` klk prhssl f` ûprhi` Nlrth, f` qu`fh kho` f‑hsasthkz` bhf barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz` khff‑lrba-kìhktl,

(4)

‖n`sl Wht`nna’ (N`ss. 47/2/013>, k. 117). ûff` d`sh bhff` Nlkvhkzalkh bhf Nlksaofal B‑Hurlp`, r`tacan`t` nlkF. =2=/0188, f` Nlrth b‑@pphffl ba Iaf`kl nlk shkthkz` 43/=/0137, `nnlofahv` f` bli`kb` ba tuthf` bhf barattl `ff`rashrv`thzz`, i` f` Nlrth ba N`ss`zalkh rhspakohv` t`fh plsazalkh, kho`kbl nmh af barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz` plthsshhsshrh nlksabhr`tl ‖ùtlklil’.

(>) ‖n`sl ̂ lr`y`’ (N`ss. 4?/8/01?8, k. 4041). prai` prlkukna` ` ranlklsnhrh hsprhssìhkth f` tuthf` bhf barattl `ff`rashrv`thzz`, klk t`ktl nlih ‖barattl `b hsshrh f`sna`ta slfa’, qu`ktl phr f` ‖i`kn`kz` ba akthrhssh `ftrua `ff` nlkl-snhkz` bhff` schr` aktai`’.

2.- F` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa

Nlk f‑`vvhktl bhffh thnklfloah bhff‑akclri`zalkh, sa vhracan` af tr`ttìhktl ùtli`tazz`tl bha b`ta rhf`tava `ffh phrslkh hquakba slrolkl ufthralra quhstalka. Af basnraiakh, ak slst`kz`, klk í pañ uk` quhstalkh b a ‖nlklsnhkz` `f puddfanl’ „ `knmhak cukzalkh bhff` tuthf` bhff` rhput`zalkh l bhff‑aiiòakh „ i` bavhkt` uk prldfhi` ba prlthzalkh bhf sakolfl akbavabul `fqu`fh a b`ta sthssa sa rachrasnlkl.

Whr hsplrrh ak i`ssai` sakthsa f` basnapfak` bhf tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa, lnnlrrh prlnhbhrh akbavabu`kbl sphnacanaprlcafa5

(0) Cukzalkìhktl bhf sasthi`:(4) loohttl ba tuthf`:

(>) ilb`fatç ba prlthzalkh bhf sloohttl ‖akthrhss`tl’: (2) basnapfak` bhf tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa5 lddfaoma ak n`pl `f ‖tatlf`rh’:

2.0.- Aktrlbuzalkh `f sasthi` bhff` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa (B. Fos. 073/477>)

Hsshkza`fihkth, f‑akthrl sasthi` clkb` suff` ‖akthr`zalkh’ tr` trh sloohtta5

(0) Akthrhss`tl5 f‑akbavabul ̀ f qu`fh a b`ta sa rachrasnlkl: (4) Ratlf`rh5 af sloohttl nmh basplkh bha b`ta `ftrua:(>) O`r`kth5 ùtlratç akbaphkbhkth nmh m` f` cukzalkh ba rholf`rh af sasthi` bhff` prav`ny, sa` hi`k`kbl `tta ba n`r`tthrhohkhr`fh hb `str`ttl, sa` `ttr`vhrsl bhnasalka su sakolfa n`sa.







Af sasthi` bhff` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa „ lraoak`raìhkth aktrlblttl nlk f` F. 3?8/0113 „ puô hsshrh sakthtazz`tlnlih shouh5

Oaç b` uk` vasalkh ba n`r`tthrh ohkhr`fh sa puô nliprhkbhrh nlih f` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa sa` qu`facan`dafhnlih uk` plsazalkh oauraban` sloohttav` pañ ‖bhdlfh’ rasphttl `f ‖barattl sloohttavl’5 sa p`rf` akc`tta ba uk aksahih ba ‖c`nlftç’`ttraduath `f sloohttl ‖akthrhss`tl’ nmh slfl ‖rhtlranìhkth’ sa plsslkl bhcakarh ‖baratta’4>.

^nlrrhkbl af thstl klri`tavl sa puô nlofahrh f` struttur` nlknhttu`fh bhff` basnapfak`, nmh sa prhshkt` ak quhsta thriaka5l W`rth A5 Basplsazalka ohkhr`fa

Bhcakazalka:

Hkukna`zalkh bha baratta bhff‑akthrhss̀ tl:

Tholfh ohkhr`fa phr af tr`ttìhkta bha b`ta:

rholfh nliuka ̀ tutta a tr`ttìhkta:

rholfh ufthralra phr a sloohtta puddfana:

rholfh ufthralra phr ̀ ftra sloohtta:

akbavabu`zalkh bhffh caourh bhf tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta (tatlf`rh, rhsplks`dafh, akthrhss`tl):

f` sanurhzz` thnkan`:

`bhipaihkta:

tr`schraihktl bha b`ta ̀ ff‑hsthrl:

l W`rth AA5 basplsazalka rhf`tavh ̀ sphnacana shttlra:

@idatl oaubaza`ral:

Clrzh ba plfaza`:

Bachs` h sanurhzz` bhffl ^t`tl:

Wuddfan` ìiakastr`zalkh ak ohkhr`fh:

@idatl s`kat`ral:

Astruzalkh:

^nlpa stlrana, st`tastana l snahktacana:

F`vlrl h prhvabhkz` slna`fh:

4> OAX^HWWH IAT@DHFFA, Fh plsazalka sloohttavh khff‑hf`dlr`zalkh hfhttrlkan` bha b`ta phrslk`fa , ak «Barattl bhff‑akclri`zalkh hbhff'akclri`tan`º, k. 4 (477>).

Akthrhss`tl Ratlf`rh

O`r`kth

Rr`ttìhktl b`ta

Nlkshksl

@utlrazz`zalkh

Nlkshksl klk prhvastl

Kltacan`

N`sa hsnfusalkh kltacan`

@nnhssl `f rhoastrl

Nliukan`zalkh







D`kn`, cak`kz` h `ssanur`zalka:

Nliukan`zalka hfhttrlkanmh

Akvhstao`zalka prav`th

Oalrk`fasil

I`rjhtako

l W`rth AAA5 hshrnazal bha baratta h s`kzalka

Ruthf` ìiakastr`tav` h oaubaza`fh

^truttur` bhf o`r`kth

^`kzalka (ìiakastr`tavh h phk`fa)

@drlo`zalka h ilbacan`zalkal @ffho`ta

@ffho`tl (@)5 nlbana bhlktlfloana

Oalrk`fasil

Tanhrnmh stlranmh

Tanhrnmh st`tastanmh h snahktacanmh A^R@R @ffho`tl (D)5

Basnapfak`rh thnkanl ak i`thra` ba iasurh ba sanurhzz :̀ @ffho`tl (N)

Rr`ttìhkta klk lnn`salk`fa ìdatl oaubaza`ral h plfaza`.

Ak slst`kz`, af Fhoasf`tlrh pukt` ` bhfakh`rh uk ‖kunfhl’ klri`tavl ba rholfh nliuka, aksahih - qu`sa ‖narnlkb`tl’ „ b` ukaksahih ba bhrlomh hb hnnhzalka rhf`tavìhkth ` sphnacanmh aplthsa, h, `knlr` lftrh, bhi`kb` f` basnapfak` ` nlbana bhlk-tlfloana phr akthra shttlra l i`thrah, nlkchrhkbl `ff` basnapfak` uk` hstrhi` ‖hf`stanatç’ h uk` clriab`dafh cfuabatç.

2.4.- Loohttl ba tuthf`

Bavhrsa tapa ba akclri`zalka5

(0) b`ta phrslk`fa (`rt. 2 n. 0 fhtt. d)5 «qu`fukquh akclri`zalkh rhf`tav` ` phrslk` casan` abhktacan`t` l abhktacan`dafh,`knmh akbarhttìhkth, ihba`kth rachraihktl ` qu`fsa`sa `ftr` akclri`zalkh, ava nliprhsl uk kuihrl ba abhktacan`-zalkh phrslk`fhº42:

(4) b`ta abhktacan`tava (`rt. 2 n. 0 fhtt. n)5 «a b`ta phrslk`fa nmh phrihttlkl f'abhktacan`zalkh barhtt` bhff'akthrhss`tl:(>) b`ta shksadafa (`rt. 2 n. 0 fhtt. b)5 «a b`ta phrslk`fa ablkha ` ravhf`rh f'lraoakh r`zza`fh hb htkan`, fh nlkvakzalka

rhfaoalsh, caflslcanmh l ba `ftrl ohkhrh, fh lpakalka plfatanmh, f'`bhsalkh ` p`rtata, sakb`n`ta, `sslna`zalka lblro`kazz`zalka ` n`r`tthrh rhfaoalsl, caflslcanl, plfatanl l sakb`n`fh, klknmá a b`ta phrslk`fa ablkha ` ravhf`rh flst`tl ba s`futh h f` vat` shssu`fhº:

(2)

b`ta oaubaza`ra (`rt. 2 n. 0 fhtt. h)5 «a b`ta phrslk`fa ablkha ` ravhf`rh prlvvhbaihkta ba nua `ff'`rtanlfl >, nlii`0, fhtthrh b` `) ` l) h b` r) ` u), bhf b.W.T. 02 klvhidrh 4774, k. >0>, ak i`thra` ba n`shff`ral oaubaza`fh, ba`kòr`ch bhffh s`kzalka ìiakastr`tavh baphkbhkta b` rh`tl h bha rhf`tava n`ranma phkbhkta, l f` qu`fatç ba aiput`tll ba akbò`tl à shksa bhofa `rtanlfa 37 h 30 bhf nlbanh ba prlnhbur` phk`fhº:

(8) b`tl ̀ klkail (`rt. 2 n. 4 fhtt. k)5 «af b`tl nmh ak lraoakh, l ` shouatl ba tr`ttìhktl, klk pul' hsshrh `sslna`tl`b uk akthrhss`tl abhktacan`tl l abhktacan`dafhº.

42 Af B.F. 3 banhidrh 4770 k. 470 m` hfaiak`tl af rachraihktl à sloohtta ba barattl bavhrsa b`ffh phrslkh casanmh (quakba5 phrslkh oaurabanmhhb `ftra hkta blt`ta ba sloohttavatç oauraban`). Ba nlkshouhkz` sa puô barh nmh f` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa raou`rb` slft`ktl fh akclr-i`zalka bha sakolfa.






Rhstl basplkadafh su fanhkz` Nrh`tavh Nliilks - mttp5//nrh`tavhnliilks.lro/fanhkshs/dy-kn-kb/4.8/bhhb.at 0> / >0

2.>.- Ilb`fatç ba prlthzalkh bhf sloohttl ‖akthrhss`tl’

F‑akthrhss`tl m` bavhrsa struihkta ba tuthf` ` shnlkb` bhf sloohttl nmh kh í bhstak`t`ral5

2.>.0.- Kha nlkcrlkta bhf Ratlf`rh5

Wlsslkl hsshrh nlksabhr`ta nlih struihkta ba tuthf` kha nlkcrlkta bhf tatlf`rh5

(0)

af nlkshksl `ff` r`nnlft` h `f tr`ttìhktl (qu`ktl í ranmahstl):(4) a ‖baratta bhff‑akthrhss̀ tl’:

@rt.? (Barattl ba `nnhssl à b`ta phrslk`fa hb `ftra baratta)0. F'akthrhss`tl m` barattl ba ltthkhrh f` nlkchri` bhff'hsasthkz` l ihkl ba b`ta phrslk`fa nmh fl ra-

ou`rb`kl, `knmh sh klk `knlr` rhoastr`ta, h f` flrl nliukan`zalkh ak clri` akthffaoadafh.4. F'akthrhss`tl m` barattl ba ltthkhrh f'akban`zalkh5`) bhff'lraoakh bha b`ta phrslk`fa:d) bhffh cak`fatç h ilb`fatç bhf tr`ttìhktl:n) bhff` floan` `ppfan`t` ak n`sl ba tr`ttìhktl hcchttu`tl nlk f'ùsafal ba struihkta hfhttrlkana:b) bhofa hstrhia abhktacan`tava bhf tatlf`rh, bha rhsplks`dafa h bhf r`pprhshkt`kth bhsaok`tl à shksa

bhff'`rtanlfl 8, nlii` 4:h) bha sloohtta l bhffh n`tholrah ba sloohtta à qu`fa a b`ta phrslk`fa plsslkl hsshrh nliukan`ta l nmh

plsslkl vhkarkh ̀ nlklsnhkz` ak qu`fa tç ba r`pprhshkt`kth bhsaok`tl khf thrratlral bhffl ̂ t`tl, ba rhsplk-s`dafa l akn`ran`ta.

>. F'akthrhss`tl m` barattl ba ltthkhrh5`) f'òoalrkìhktl, f` rhttacan`zalkh lvvhrl, qu`kbl va m` akthrhssh, f'akthor`zalkh bha b`ta:d) f` n`knhff`zalkh, f` tr`sclri`zalkh ak clri` `klkai` l af dflnnl bha b`ta tr`tt`ta ak valf`zalkh ba

fhooh, nliprhsa quhffa ba nua klk í khnhss`ra` f` nlkshrv`zalkh ak rhf`zalkh òfa snlpa phr a qu`fa a b`taslkl st`ta r`nnlfta l sunnhssavìhkth tr`tt`ta:

n) f'`tthst`zalkh nmh fh lphr`zalka ba nua `ffh fhtthrh `) h d) slkl st`th plrt`th ` nlklsnhkz`, `knmhphr qu`ktl raou`rb` af flrl nlkthkutl, ba nlflrl à qu`fa a b`ta slkl st`ta nliukan`ta l baccusa, hnnhttu`tl afn`sl ak nua t`fh `bhipaihktl sa ravhf` aiplssadafh l nliplrt` uk aipahol ba ihzza i`kachstìhkth sprl-plrzalk`tl rasphttl `f barattl tuthf`tl.

2. F'akthrhss`tl m` barattl ba lpplrsa, ak tuttl l ak p`rth5`) phr iltava fhoattaia `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa nmh fl raou`rb`kl, `knlrnmá phrtakhkta `ffl

snlpl bhff` r`nnlft`:d) ̀ f tr`ttìhktl ba b`ta phrslk`fa nmh fl raou`rb`kl ̀ caka ba akval ba i`thra`fh puddfanat`ral l ba vhkbat`

barhtt` l phr af nlipaihktl ba ranhrnmh ba ihrn`tl l ba nliukan`zalkh nliihrna`fh.

2.>.4.- Kha nlkcrlkta bhf O`r`kth

Rrh slkl fh clrih ba ranlrsl `f O`r`kth (`rt. 020)5

(0) Thnfìl (`rt. 024):

(4) ^hok`f`zalkh, phr «slffhnat`rh uk nlktrlffl b` p`rth bhf O`r`kthº (`rt. 02>):

(>) Tanlrsl, phr c`r v`fhrh a baratta ba nua ̀ ff‑`rt. ?, ̀ fthrk`tavl ̀ quhffl oaurasbazalk`fh (`rt 022):

2.2.- Basnapfak` bhf tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa

^h sa nlksabhr` f` basnapfak` bhf tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa sa puô lsshrv`rh nmh f` narnlf`zalkh bhffh akclri`zalka`vvahkh phr f` iòoalr p`rth bha n`sa ` prhsnakbhrh b`ff` vlflktç bhff‑akthrhss`tl. Af nlkshksl, nlih sa vhbrç, nlstatuasnhrhquasatl hsprhssìhkth prhvastl slfl phr uk` faiat`t` shrah ba aplthsa.

Ak quhst` shbh na sa faiat` ` clrkarh `fnuka snmhia nmh nlkshkt`kl ba iulvhrsa khf ilkbl „ hstrhiìhkth nlipfhssl „ bhffh basplsazalka suf tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa.

Whr c`rh naô, na sa raplrt` `ff` subbavasalkh bhf Ratlfl AAA bhf B. Fos. 013/477>, nlknhrkhkth fh «Tholfh ohkhr`fa phr af

tr`ttìhkta bha b`taº.Nlih sa í vastl slpr`, sa bastakouh tr` rholfh nliuka h rholfh ufthralra nlknhrkhkta sphnacanmh n`tholrah ba sloohtta.







2.2.0.- Tholfh nliuka ` tutta a tr`ttìhkta

Thquasata bhf «tr`ttìhktlº bha b`ta phrslk`fa5(0) Bhvh `vvhkarh shnlkbl af praknapal ba shnlkbl khnhssatç, lssa` «rabunhkbl `f iakail f‑utafazz`zalkh ba b`ta phrsl-

k`fa h ba b`ta abhktacan`tava º (`rt. >):(4) a b`ta phrslk`fa bhvlkl hsshrh (`rt. 00 n. 0)5

`.

«tr`tt`ta ak ilbl fhnatl h shnlkbl nlrrhtthzz`:d. r`nnlfta h rhoastr`ta phr snlpa bhthriak`ta, hspfanata h fhoattaia, hb utafazz`ta ak ̀ ftrh lphr`zalka bhf tr`ttìhktlak thriaka nlip`tadafa nlk t`fa snlpa:

n. hs`tta h, sh khnhss`ral, òoalrk`ta:

b. phrtakhkta, nlipfhta h klk hnnhbhkta rasphttl `ffh cak`fatç phr fh qu`fa slkl r`nnlfta l sunnhssavìhkthtr`tt`ta:

h. nlkshrv`ta ak uk` clri` nmh nlkshkt` f'abhktacan`zalkh bhff'akthrhss`tl phr uk phralbl ba thipl klk suph-ralrh ` quhffl khnhss`ral òfa snlpa phr a qu`fa hssa slkl st`ta r`nnlfta l sunnhssavìhkth tr`tt`ta.º

(>) sh hsastlkl, bhvlkl hsshrh rasphtt`ta a nlbana ba nlkbltt` (`rt. 04):

(2) bhvh hsshrh clrkat` `ff‑akthrhss`tl uk` akclri`tav` suffh ilb`fatç ba tr`ttìhktl (`rt. 0>).Pu`flr` sa`kl valf`ta quhsta prhnhtta, a b`ta klk plsslkl hsshrh utafazz`ta (`rt. 00 n. 4).

W`rh ilftl aiplrt`kth slttlfakh`rh nmh fh basplsazalka bhff` fhoasf`zalkh suff` n.b. prav`ny prhvhblkl, slttl af prlcaflras`rnatlral, uk rhoaih ba p`rtanlf`rh raolrh (`rt. 08)5

- b` uk f`tl sa hquap`r` af «tr`ttìhktlº bha b`ta phrslk`fa `b uk‑`ttavatç phranlfls`, aiplkhkbl `f nlkvhkutl f`prlv` fadhr`tlra` «ba `vhrh `bltt`tl tutth fh iasurh ablkhh ` hvat`rh af b`kklº (`rt. 4787 NN):

- b`ff‑`ftrl, sa hsthkbh f‑lddfaol ba rap`r`zalkh ̀ a b`kka klk p`trailka`fa (nlih phr a b`kka bhrav`kta b` rh`tl)

2.2.4.- Tholfh ufthralra phr a sloohtta puddfana

^h, nlih sa í vastl, af nlkshksl klk rahktr` tr` fh rholfh ohkhr`fa, hssl klk í nlkthipf`tl khiihkl rasphttl `f tr`tt`-

ihktl bha b`ta hcchttu`ta b` sloohtta puddfana. â fhooh akc`tta nmh «s`fvl qu`ktl prhvastl Z…Y phr ofa hshrnhkta fh prlchssalkas`kat`rah h ofa lro`kasia s`kat`ra puddfana, a sloohtta puddfana klk bhvlkl ranmahbhrh af nlkshksl bhff‑akthrhss` tlº.

Ak quhstl shksl, ` fhoattai`rh f` ilb`fatç ba tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta slkl5(0) af phrshouaihktl ba «svlfoaihktl ba cukzalka astatuzalk`faº (`rt. 0= n. 4)(4) af rasphttl bhf B. Fos. 013/477>(>) af rasphttl ba ̀ ftrh fhooa h rholfìhkta

@ quhstl puktl lnnlrrh bastakouhrh5

- sh sa tr`tt` ba b`ta klk shksadafa l oaubaza`ra, af tr`ttìhktl í nlkshktatl ̀ knmh sh f` fhooh klk fl prhvhbh hsprhssìhkth(`rt. 01):

- sh sa tr`tt` ba b`ta shksadafa (`rt. 47), l oaubaza`ra (`rt 40), f` fhooh bhvh ùtlrazz`rfl hsprhssìhkth, sphnacan`kbl fh«cak`fatç ba rafhv`kth akthrhssh puddfanl phrshouathº

Ak ohkhr`fh, slkl prhvasth prhnùzalka ufthralra, nmh nlkshktlkl ba tuthf`rh ak ilbl iòoalrh a b`ta pañ aktaia bhff‑akth-rhss`tl (`rt. 44) shp`r`kblfa b` quhffa ihkl rafhv`kta.

2.2.>.- Tholfh ufthralra phr `ftra sloohtta

Af nlkshksl bavhkt` akvhnh nhktr`fh „ i` shiprh klk aiprhsnakbadafh „ nlk rachraihktl ` tatlf`ra ba tr`ttìhktl a qu`faklk ravhstlkl f` qu`fatç ba hkta puddfana.

Ak `ftra thriaka, kha nlkcrlkta bha prav`ta v`fh, `knmh sh klk ak ilbl hsnfusavl, af nlkshksl, nmh bhvh plsshbhrh bhthr-iak`ta rhquasata ̀ phk` ba akv`fabatç (`rt. 4>)5(0) hsprhssl(4) fadhrl:







(>) akclri`tl suffh sphnacanmh cak`fatç bhf tr`ttìhktl:(2) blnuihkt`tl phr asnrattl (`b prld`talkhi).

@ quhstl puktl lnnlrr h prhnas`rh f‑hsasthkz` ba buh bhrlomh, uk` baiakuasnh ufthralrihkth f` tuthf`, f‑`ftr` f` akk`fz`.Whr qu`ktl raou`rb` f` baiakuzalkh ba o`r`kzah, af tr`ttìhktl b` p`rth bhf tatlf`rh prav`tl í fhoattail `knmh shkz` af

nlkshksl bhofa akthrhss`ta sh (`rt. 42 n. 0)5

«`) í khnhss`ral phr `bhipahrh `b uk lddfaol prhvastl b`ff` fhooh, b` uk rholfìhktl l b`ff` klri`tav` nliukat`ra`:d) í khnhss`ral phr hshouarh lddfaoma bhrav`kta b` uk nlktr`ttl bhf qu`fh í p`rth f'akthrhss`tl l phr `bhipahrh, prai`

bhff` nlknfusalkh bhf nlktr`ttl, ` sphnacanmh ranmahsth bhff'akthrhss`tl:

n) raou`rb` b`ta prlvhkahkta b` puddfana rhoastra , hfhknma, `tta l blnuihkta nlklsnadafa b` nmaukquh, chria rhst`kbl afaiata h fh ilb`fatç nmh fh fhooa, a rholfìhkta l f` klri`tav` nliukat`ra` st`dafasnlkl phr f` nlklsnadafatç h puddfanatç bhab`ta:

b) raou`rb` b`ta rhf`tava `ffl svlfoaihktl ba `ttavatç hnlklianmh, tr`tt`ta khf rasphttl bhff` vaohkth klri`tav` ak i`thra`ba shorhtl `zahkb`fh h akbustra`fh:

h) í khnhss`ral phr f` s`fvòu`rba` bhff` vat` l bhff'aknlfuiatç casan` ba uk thrzl. ^h f` ihbhsai` cak`fatç raou`rb`f'akthrhss`tl h quhst'uftail klk puô prhst`rh af prlpral nlkshksl phr aiplssadafatç casan`, phr akn`p`natç ba òarh l phrakn`p`natç ba akthkbhrh l ba vlfhrh, af nlkshksl í i`kachst`tl b` nma hshrnat` fho`fihkth f` plthstç, lvvhrl b` uk prlssailnlkoauktl, b` uk cìafa`rh, b` uk nlkvavhkth l, ak flrl `sshkz`, b`f rhsplks`dafh bhff` struttur` prhssl nua bailr` f'akth-rhss`tl. â `ppfan` f` basplsazalkh ba nua `ff'`rtanlfl =4, nlii` 4:

c) nlk hsnfusalkh bhff` baccusalkh, í khnhss`ral à caka bhffl svlfoaihktl bhffh akvhstao`zalka bachksavh ba nua `ff`fhooh ? banhidrh 4777, k. >1?, l, nliukquh, phr c`r v`fhrh l bachkbhrh uk barattl ak shbh oaubaza`ra`, shiprh nmh a b`tasa`kl tr`tt`ta hsnfusavìhkth phr t`fa cak`fatç h phr af phralbl strhttìhkth khnhss`ral `f flrl phrshouaihktl, khf rasphttlbhff` vaohkth klri`tav` ak i`thra` ba shorhtl `zahkb`fh h akbustra`fh:

o) nlk hsnfusalkh bhff` baccusalkh, í khnhss`ral, kha n`sa akbavabu`ta b`f O`r`kth suff` d`sh bha praknapa s`knata b`ff`fhooh, phr phrshouarh uk fhoattail akthrhssh bhf tatlf`rh l ba uk thrzl bhstak`t`ral bha b`ta, Z`knmh ak rachraihktl `ff'`t-tavatç ba oruppa d`kn`ra h ba slnahtç nlktrlff`th l nlffho`thY, qu`flr` klk prhv`fo`kl a baratta h fh fadhrtç clkbìhkt`fa, f`baokatç l uk fhoattail akthrhssh bhff'akthrhss`tl::

m) nlk hsnfusalkh bhff` nliukan`zalkh `ff'hsthrkl h bhff` baccusalkh , í hcchttu`tl b` `sslna`zalka, hkta lb lro`ka-sia shkz` snlpl ba funrl, `knmh klk ranlklsnauta, ak rachraihktl ` sloohtta nmh m`kkl nlk hssa nlkt`tta rholf`ra l `b`bhrhkta , phr af phrshouaihktl ba snlpa bhthriak`ta h fhoattaia akbavabu`ta b`ff'`ttl nlstatutavl, b`ffl st`tutl l b`f nlktr`ttlnlffhttavl, h nlk ilb`fatç ba utafazzl prhvasth hsprhssìhkth nlk bhthriak`zalkh rhs` klt` òfa akthrhss`ta `ff'`ttl bhff'akclr-i`tav` à shksa bhff'`rtanlfl 0>:

a) í khnhss`ral, ak nlkclriatç à rasphttava nlbana ba bhlktlfloa` ba nua `ff'`ffho`tl @), phr hsnfusava snlpa snahktacana lst`tastana , lvvhrl phr hsnfusava snlpa stlrana prhssl ̀ rnmava prav`ta banma`r`ta ba klthvlfh akthrhssh stlranl ̀ a shksa bhff'`rtanlfl3, nlii` 4, bhf bhnrhtl fhoasf`tavl 41 lttldrh 0111, k. 217, ba `pprlv`zalkh bhf thstl ukanl ak i`thra` ba dhka nuftur`fa hìdahkt`fa l, shnlkbl qu`ktl prhvastl bà ihbhsaia nlbana, prhssl `ftra `rnmava prav`ta.

a-das) raou`rb` b`ta nlkthkuta kha nurranuf`, kha n`sa ba nua `ff'`rtanlfl 0>, nlii` 8-das:

a-thr) nlk hsnfusalkh bhff` baccusalkh h c`ttl s`fvl qu`ktl prhvastl b`ff'`rtanlfl 0>7 bhf prhshkth nlbanh, raou`rb` f`nliukan`zalkh ba b`ta tr` slnaht`', hkta l `sslna`zalka nlk slnaht`' nlktrlff`kta, nlktrlff`th l nlffho`th à shksa bhff' `rtanlfl4>81 bhf nlbanh navafh lvvhrl nlk slnaht`' slttlplsth ` nliukh nlktrlffl, klknmh' tr` nlkslrza, rhta ba aiprhsh h ròorup- pìhkta h `sslna`zalka thiplr`kha ba aiprhsh nlk a sloohtta `b hssa ̀ bhrhkta, phr fh cak`fat`' ìiakastr`tavl nlkt`dafa, nlihbhcakath `ff'`rtanlfl >2, nlii` 0-thr, h purnmh' quhsth cak`fat`' sa`kl prhvasth hsprhssìhkth nlk bhthriak`zalkh rhs` klt`òfa akthrhss`ta `ff'`ttl bhff'akclri`tav` ba nua `ff'`rtanlfl 0>º.

F` tuthf` í akvhnh iòoalrh (`rt. 43) phr qu`ktl raou`rb` a «b`ta shksadafa º, planmá5(0) f` clri` snratt` bhf nlkshksl í ranmahst` `b sudst`ktaì:(4) af tr`ttìhktl bhvh hsshrh ùtlrazz`tl b`f O`r`kth:

(>) af tr`ttìhktl bhvh `vvhkarh «nlk f‑lsshrv`kz` bha prhsupplsta h bha faiata º bhf B. Fos. 013/477>:(2) bhvlkl hsshrh rasphtt`ta sphnacana «fhooa h rholfìhkta º.

Ak i`ssai` sakthsa, rasphttl à b`ta lrbak`ra a f nlkshksl bhff‑akthrhss`tl puô i`kn`rh, ihktrh phr a b`ta ‖shksadafa’ hsslbhvh hsshrh snrattl hb `nnlipòk`tl b`ff‑ùtlrazz`zalkh bhf O`r`kth.

Nlk rachraihktl `ffh ùtlrazz`zalka lnnlrrh prhnas`rh nmh hssh plsslkl hsshrh ba buh tapa5







(0) sphnacanìhkth ranmahsth b`f tatlf`rh h nlknhssh suff` d`sh bhff` sakolf` ranmahst`,(4) prhvhktavh h ohkhr`fa, hi`k`th b`f O`r`kth phr akthrh n`tholrah ba tatlf`ra. Pua sa nlksabhr`kl ak p`rtanlf`rh5- @utlrazz`zalkh ohkhr`fh `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta ohkhtana - 42 oauokl 4700 Z0=44387Y

- @utlrazz`zalkh k. 0/4700 `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta shksadafa kha r`pplrta ba f`vlrl - 42 oauokl 4700 Z0=44833Y- @utlrazz`zalkh k. 4/4700 `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta ablkha ` ravhf`rh fl st`tl ba s`futh h f` vat` shssu`fh - 42 oauokl 4700

Z0=448??Y

2.2.2.- Ilb`fatç bhf tr`ttìhktl h ‖iasurh ba sanurhzz`’

A b`ta bhvlkl hsshrh tr`tt`ta ak ilbl b` «raburrh `f iakailº a rasnma ba hvhkta nmh plss`kl prhoauban`rh af tr`ttìhktl(phrbat`, `nnhssa `dusava, tr`ttìhkta klk nlkshktata) (`rt. >0).

Whr hvat`rh f` rhsplks`dafatç navafh ba nua slpr` (`rt. 08), af tatlf`rh bhvh prhbasplrrh iasurh ‖ablkhh’ `b hvat`rh af b`kkl.I` naô klk d`st`. Whr hsnfubhrh `knmh f` rhsplks`dafatç phk`fh, af tatlf`rh bhvh `bltt`rh `knmh fh ‖iasurh iakaih’ (`rt.>>).

Ak slst`kz`, nlk fh iasurh ‖ablkhh’ af tatlf`rh hvat` f` rhsplks`dafatç navafh, nlk fh iasurh ‖iakaih’ hsnfubh quhff` phk`fh. Ak p`rtanlf`rh, fh «iasurh iakaih ba sanurhzz`º (`rt. >>) nlksastlkl khofa `nnlroaihkta hfhkn`ta ba shouatl5

«`) ùthktan`zalkh akclri`tan`:d) `blzalkh ba prlnhburh ba ohstalkh bhffh nrhbhkza`fa ba ùthktan`zalkh:

n) utafazz`zalkh ba uk sasthi` ba ùtlrazz`zalkh:

b) òoalrkìhktl phralbanl bhff'akbavabu`zalkh bhff'ìdatl bhf tr`ttìhktl nlkshktatl à sakolfa akn`ran`ta h `bbhtta `ffòhstalkh l `ff` i`kuthkzalkh bhofa struihkta hfhttrlkana:

h) prlthzalkh bhofa struihkta hfhttrlkana h bha b`ta rasphttl ` tr`ttìhkta affhnata ba b`ta, `b `nnhssa klk nlkshktata h `bhthriak`ta prlorìia akclri`tana:

c) `blzalkh ba prlnhburh phr f` nustlba` ba nlpah ba sanurhzz`, af raprastakl bhff` basplkadafatç bha b`ta h bha sasthia:

o) thkut` ba uk òoalrk`tl blnuihktl prlorìi`tanl suff` sanurhzz`:m) `blzalkh ba thnkanmh ba nacr`tur` l ba nlbana abhktacan`tava phr bhthriak`ta tr`ttìhkta ba b`ta ablkha ` ravhf`rh fl st`tl ba

s`futh l f` vat` shssu`fh hcchttu`ta b` lro`kasia s`kat`ra º.

Nlk rachraihktl `ff` iasur` bhf Blnuihktl prlorìi`tanl suff` sanurhzz`, lnnlrrh nlipahrh `fnukh prhnas`zalka5(0) af B. Fos. 013/477> sphnacan`v` kha bhttòfa fh ilb`fatç ba `blzalkh (`ffho`tl D) ba t`fh blnuihktl:(4) f'`rtanlfl 41 n. 0 B.F. 48/3/477=, k. 004, nlkv. nlk F. 3/=/477=, k. 0>>, st`dafav` nmh f` thkut` bhf «blnuihktl

prlorìi`tanl suff` sanurhzz`º klk hr` ranmahst`48 qu`flr` af tr`ttìhktl `vhssh `b loohttl `fthrk`tavìhkth (`rt. >2 n.0 das)5

(0) slft`ktl b`ta phrslk`fa klk shksadafa(4) b`ta shksadafa h oaubaza`ra rhf`tava ̀ 5

- prlpra baphkbhkta h nlff`dlr`tlra, `knmh sh hxtr`nliukat`ra,

- flrl nlkauoh h à p`rhkta,

(>) af O`r`kth (Wrlvvhbaihktl 4? Klvhidrh 477= - ^hipfacan`zalkh bhffh iasurh iakaih ba sanurhzz` nlkthkuth khfbasnapfak`rh thnkanl, ba nua `ff'`ffho`tl D) `f nlbanh ak i`thra` ba prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa (OX k. 4=? bhf 1 banhidrh477=), bhthriak`v` ilb`fatç pañ shipfana ba thkut` bhf BW^ qu`flr` va sa`kl « tr`ttìhkta nliukquh hcchttu`ta phr nlrrhktacak`fatç ìiakastr`tavh h nlkt`dafa, ak p`rtanlf`rh prhssl pannlfh h ihbah aiprhsh, fadhra prlchssalkasta h `rtaoa`ka º rai`kb``b uk prlvvhbaihktl bhf O`r`kth, hi`k`tl af 4? klvhidrh 477= (O.X. k. 4=? bhf 1/04/477=), ak nua sa akbavabu`kl«ilb`fatç shipfacan`th ba `ppfan`zalkhº bhff‑`ffho`tl D5

Ak t`fh shbh af O`r`kth, `f cakh ba shipfacan`rh ofa `bhipaihkta ak i`thra` ba prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa, m` rathkutlnmh, phr af tr`ttìhktl hcchttu`tl nlk struihkta hfhttrlkana, sa` succanahkth lsshrv`rh fh shouhkta prhsnrazalka5

48 Ak quhsth aplthsa í ranmahst` slft`ktl uk‑ùtlnhrtacan`zalkh nlk f` qu`fh af tatlf`rh banma`r` „ slttl f` prlpra` rhsplks`dafatç phk`fh „ ba tr`tt`rh «slft`ktl b`ta phrslk`fa klk shksadafa h nmh tr`tt`kl nlih ukana b`ta shksadafa h oaubaza`ra quhffa rhf`tava à prlpra baphkbhkta hnlff`dlr`tlra, `knmh sh hxtr`nliukat`ra, nliprhsa quhffa rhf`tava `f nlkauoh h à p`rhkta º h naô «ak lsshrv`kz` bhffh iasurh iakaih basanurhzz` prhvasth b`f prhshkth nlbanh h b`f basnapfak`rh thnkanl nlkthkutl khff'`ffho`tl D)º.






Rhstl basplkadafh su fanhkz` Nrh`tavh Nliilks - mttp5//nrh`tavhnliilks.lro/fanhkshs/dy-kn-kb/4.8/bhhb.at 0? / >0

«4.0. Astruzalka ̀ ofa akn`ran`ta bhf tr`ttìhktl (ilb`fatç ̀ ppfan`tavh bhffh rholfh ba nua ̀ a pukta 2, 1, 0= h 40 bhff'@ffho`tlD))

Fh astruzalka ak i`thra` ba iasurh iakaih ba sanurhzz` prhvasth b`ff'@ffho`tl D) plsslkl hsshrh aip`rtath òfa akn`ran`tabhf tr`ttìhktl `knmh lr`fihkth, nlk akban`zalka ba shipfanh h nma`r` clriuf`zalkh.

4.4. âsthi` ba ̀ uthktan`zalkh akclri`tan` (ilb`fatç `ppfan`tavh bhffh rholfh ba nua à pukta 0, 4, >, 8, 3, ?, =, 07 h 00bhff'@ffho`tl D))

Whr f'`nnhssl à sasthia akclri`tana sa puô utafazz`rh uk qu`fsa`sa sasthi` ba ùthktan`zalkh d`s`tl su uk nlbanh phrabhktacan`rh nma `nnhbh à b`ta (ba shouatl, "ushrkìh"), `sslna`tl ` uk` p`rlf` nma`vh (ba shouatl5 "p`sswlrb"), ak ilblnmh5

`) f'ushrkìh akbavabua ak ilbl ukavlnl uk` slf` phrslk`, hvat`kbl nmh sloohtta bavhrsa utafazzakl nlbana abhktana:

d) f` p`sswlrb sa` nlklsnaut` slfl b`ff` phrslk` nmh `nnhbh à b`ta.

F'ushrkìh bhvh hsshrh bas`ttav`tl qu`kbl f'akn`ran`tl klk m` pañ f` qu`fatç nmh rhkbh fhoattail f'utafazzl bha b`ta (`bhshipal, ak qu`ktl klk lphr` pañ `ff'akthrkl bhff'lro`kazz`zalkh).

Wuô hsshrh `bltt`t`, qu`fh prlnhbur` ba ùthktan`zalkh `knmh f` prlnhbur` ba floak basplkadafh suf sasthi` lphr`tavlbhffh plst`zalka ba f`vlrl nlkkhssh ` uk` rhth.

Ak n`sl ba prlfuko`t` `sshkz` l aiphbaihktl bhff'akn`ran`tl nmh rhkb` akbasphks`dafh h akbacchradafh akthrvhkarh phrhsnfusavh khnhssatç ba lphr`tavatç h ba sanurhzz` bhf sasthi`, sh f'`nnhssl à b`ta h òfa struihkta hfhttrlkana í nlkshktatl

hsnfusavìhkth ihba`kth usl bhff` p`sswlrb, af tatlf`rh puô `ssanur`rh f` basplkadafatç ba b`ta l struihkta hfhttrlkana nlk prlnhburh l ilb`fatç prhbhcakath. Taou`rbl ` t`fa ilb`fatç, slkl clrkath prhvhktavh astruzalka òfa akn`ran`ta h ofa sthssa slklakclri`ta bhofa akthrvhkta hcchttu`ta (`b hshipal, prhsnravhkbl à f`vlr`tlra nmh sa `sshktakl b`ff'uccanal phr chrah f'`ttav`zalkhba ilb`fatç nmh nlkshkt`kl ba akva`rh ùtli`tanìhkth ihssòoa ba plst` hfhttrlkan` `b uk `ftrl rhn`patl `nnhssadafh5 savhb`kl fh Fakhh ouab` ak i`thra` ba f`vlrl phr plst` hfhttrlkan` h Akthrkht `pprlv`th b`f O`r`kth h puddfan`th khff` O`z-zhtt` uccana`fh 07 i`rzl 477? , k. 8= Zbln. whd k. 0>=?844Y).

4.>. âsthi` ba ùtlrazz`zalkh (ilb`fatç `ppfan`tavh bhffh rholfh ba nua à pukta 04, 0> h 02 bhff'@ffho`tl D))

Pu`flr` sa` khnhss`ral bavhrsacan`rh f'ìdatl bhf tr`ttìhktl nlkshktatl, plsslkl hsshrh `sshok`ta òfa akn`ran`ta „sakolf`rihkth l phr n`tholrah lilohkhh nlrrasplkbhkta prlcafa ba ùtlrazz`zalkh, trìath uk sasthi` ba ùtlrazz`zalkh lcukzalka ba ùtlrazz`zalkh aknlrplr`th khffh `ppfan`zalka slctw`rh l kha sasthia lphr`tava, nlsæ b` faiat`rh f'`nnhssl à slfab`ta khnhss`ra phr hcchttu`rh fh lphr`zalka ba tr`ttìhktl.

4.2. @ftrh iasurh ba sanurhzz ̀(ilb`fatç `ppfan`tavh bhffh rholfh ba nua ̀ a pukta 08, 03, 0? h 0= bhff'@ffho`tl D))A sloohtta ba nua ̀ f p`ròr`cl 0 ̀ ssanur`kl nmh f'ìdatl ba tr`ttìhktl ̀ sshok`tl à sakolfa akn`ran`ta, klknmá ̀ ofa ̀ bbhtta

`ff` ohstalkh l `ff` i`kuthkzalkh bhofa struihkta hfhttrlkana, sa` nlhrhkth nlk a praknæpa ba `bhou`thzz`, prlplrzalk`fatç hkhnhssatç, `knmh `ttr`vhrsl vhracanmh phralbanmh, prlvvhbhkbl, qu`kbl í khnhss`ral, `b òoalrk`rh a prlcafa ba ùtlrazz`-zalkh hvhktu`fihkth `nnlrb`ta.

Ofa òoalrkìhkta phralbana bha prlorìia phr hf`dlr`tlrh vlfta ` prhvhkarh f` vufkhr`dafatç ba struihkta hfhttrlkana (`bhshipal, `ktavarus), `knmh nlk rachraihktl à prlorìia ba nua `ff'`rt. 308-quakquahs bhf nlbanh phk`fh, klknmá ` nlrrho-ohrkh bachtta, slkl hcchttu`ta `fihkl `kku`fihkth. ^h af nliputhr klk í nlkkhssl ` rhta ba nliukan`zalkh hfhttrlkan``nnhssadafa `f puddfanl (fakhh @bsf, `nnhssl ` Akthrkht trìath rhth `zahkb`fh, plst` hfhttrlkan`), f'òoalrkìhktl bhvhhsshrh `fihkl dahkk`fh.

A b`ta plsslkl hsshrh s`fvòu`rb`ta `knmh `ttr`vhrsl af flrl s`fv`tòoal nlk crhquhkz` `fihkl ihksafh. Af s`fv`tòoal

phralbanl puô klk raou`rb`rh a b`ta klk ilbacan`ta b`f ilihktl bhff'uftail s`fv`tòoal hcchttu`tl (b`ta st`tana), purnmá khhsast` uk` nlpa` ba sanurhzz` b` nua hcchttu`rh hvhktu`fihkth af raprastakl.

4.8. Blnuihktl prlorìi`tanl suff` sanurhzz` (ilb`fatç `ppfan`tavh bhffh rholfh ba nua à pukta b` 01.0 ` 01.=bhff'@ffho`tl D))

4.8.0. Chril rhst`kbl nmh phr `fnuka n`sa í oaç prhvastl phr basplsazalkh ba fhooh nmh sa plss` rhbaohrh uk'ùtlnhrtaca-n`zalkh ak fulol bhf blnuihktl prlorìi`tanl suff` sanurhzz` (vhba af prhnhbhkth p`r. 0, fhtt. `): `rt. 41 b.f. k. 004/477=nat.), a sloohtta puddfana h prav`ta nmh tr`tt`kl b`ta phrslk`fa ukanìhkth phr nlrrhkta cak`fatç ìiakastr`tavh h nlkt`dafa, ak p`rtanlf`rh prhssl fadhra prlchssalkasta, ̀ rtaoa`ka h pannlfh h ihbah aiprhsh, plsslkl rhbaohrh uk blnuihktl prlorìi`tanlsuff` sanurhzz` shipfacan`tl suff` d`sh bhffh akban`zalka ba shouatl raplrt`th.

Af blnuihktl bhvh hsshrh rhb`ttl prai` bhff'akazal bhf tr`ttìhktl h bhvh hsshrh òoalrk`tl hktrl af >0 i`rzl ba loka`kkl khf n`sl ak nua, khf nlrsl bhff'`kkl slf`rh prhnhbhkth, sa`kl akthrvhkuth ilbacanmh rasphttl ` qu`ktl banma`r`tl khf

prhnhbhkth blnuihktl.Af blnuihktl bhvh `vhrh a shouhkta nlkthkuta5






Rhstl basplkadafh su fanhkz` Nrh`tavh Nliilks - mttp5//nrh`tavhnliilks.lro/fanhkshs/dy-kn-kb/4.8/bhhb.at 0= / >0

`) fh nllrbak`th abhktacan`tavh bhf tatlf`rh bhf tr`ttìhktl, klknmá, sh bhsaok`ta, ofa hvhktu`fa rhsplks`dafa. Khf n`slak nua f'lro`kazz`zalkh prhvhb` uk` crhquhkth ilbacan` bha rhsplks`dafa bhsaok`ta, pltr`kkl hsshrh akban`th fh ilb`fatç`ttr`vhrsl fh qu`fa í plssadafh akbavabu`rh f'hfhknl òoalrk`tl bha rhsplks`dafa bhf tr`ttìhktl:

d) uk` bhsnrazalkh ohkhr`fh bhf tr`ttìhktl l bha tr`ttìhkta rh`fazz`ta, nmh phrihtt` ba v`fut`rh f'`bhou`thzz` bhffhiasurh `bltt`th phr o`r`ktarh f` sanurhzz` bhf tr`ttìhktl. Ak t`fh bhsnrazalkh v`kkl prhnas`th fh cak`fatç bhf tr`ttìhktl,fh n`tholrah ba phrslkh akthrhss`th h bha b`ta l bhffh n`tholrah ba b`ta rhf`tava `ffh ihbhsaih, klknmá a bhstak`t`ra l fhn`tholrah ba bhstak`t`ra ` nua a b`ta plsslkl hsshrh nliukan`ta:

n) f'hfhknl, `knmh phr n`tholrah, bhofa akn`ran`ta bhf tr`ttìhktl h bhffh rhf`tavh rhsplks`dafatç. Khf n`sl ak nua f'lro`-kazz`zalkh prhvhb` uk` crhquhkth ilbacan` bha rhsplks`dafa bhsaok`ta, pltr`kkl hsshrh akban`th fh ilb`fatç `ttr`vhrsl fhqu`fa í plssadafh akbavabu`rh f'hfhknl òoalrk`tl bha rhsplks`dafa bhf tr`ttìhktl nlk fh rhf`tavh rhsplks`dafatç:

b) uk` bhsnrazalkh bhffh `ftrh iasurh ba sanurhzz` `bltt`th phr prhvhkarh a rasnma ba bastruzalkh l phrbat`, `knmh `nna-bhkt`fh, bha b`ta, ba `nnhssl klk ùtlrazz`tl l ba tr`ttìhktl klk nlkshktatl l klk nlkclrih `ffh cak`fatç bhff` r`nnlft`º

(2) af ‖Bhnrhtl ̂ hipfacan z̀alka’43 m` `drlo`tl af Blnuihktl prlorìi`tanl suff` sanurhzz` hb loka sul rachraihktl5

@rtanlfl 28 ^hipfacan`zalka ak i`thra` ba b`ta phrslk`fa0. @f bhnrhtl fhoasf`tavl >7 oauokl 477>, k. 013, slkl `pplrt`th fh shouhkta ilbacan`zalka 5`) `ff'`rtanlfl 40 blpl af nlii` 0 í akshratl af shouhkth5«0-das. Af tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta oaubaza`ra h' `ftrhsæ nlkshktatl qu`kbl h' hcchttu`tl ak `ttu`zalkh ba prl-

tlnlffa b'akths` phr f` prhvhkzalkh h af nlktr`stl bha chklihka ba nraiak`fat`' lro`kazz`t` stapuf`ta nlk afIakasthrl bhff'akthrkl l nlk a sula uccana phrachrana ba nua `ff'`rtanlfl 08, nlii` 4, bhf bhnrhtl fhoasf`tavl >7fuofal 0111, k. >77, nmh sphnacan`kl f` taplfloa` bha b`ta tr`tt`ta h bhffh lphr`zalka hshouadafa.º:

d) ̀ ff'`rtanlfl 4?, nlii` 0, í ̀ ooauktl, ak cakh, af shouhkth phralbl5 "â ̀ ppfan` qu`ktl prhvastl b`ff'`r-tanlfl 40, nlii` 0-das.":

n) `ff'`rtanlfl >2 í slpprhss` f` fhtthr` o) bhf nlii` 0 hb h' `drlo`tl af nlii` 0-das:b) khf basnapfak`rh thnkanl ak i`thra` ba iasurh iakaih ba sanurhzz` ba nua ̀ ff '`ffho`tl D slkl slpprhssa

a p`ròr`ca b` 01 ` 01.= h 43.

â nlknfubh quakba f‑`vvhktur` ba uk `bhipaihktl nmh `vhv` susnat`tl klthvlfa basnussalka i` nmh `vhv` nliukquhnlktraduatl `ff` i`tur`zalkh bhff` nlks`phvlfhzz` bhf v`flrh bhffh akclri`zalka.

2.2.8.- @bhipaihkta ufthralra

Ak bhthriak`ta n`sa, prhvasta b`ff‑`rt. >?, af tatlf`rh bhvh kltacan`rh `f O`r`kth f` sussasthkz` bhf tr`ttìhktl, `ccaknmáhssl sa` akshratl khff‑`pplsatl rhoastrl.

43 B. F. 1 chddràl 4704, k. 8 (ak ûppf. lrbak`ral k. 43 `ff` O`zz. Xcc., 1 chddràl 4704, k. >>) Basplsazalka urohkta ak i`thra` bashipfacan`zalkh h ba svafuppl.







2.8.- Af chklihkl bhffl ‖spìiako’

Whr spìiako sa akthkbh hsshkza`fihkth f‑akval ba nliukan`zalka hfhttrlkanmh klk slffhnat`th. Af chklihkl, k`tl aktlrkl `ff` ihtç bhf Klvhnhktl nlih struihktl ba puddfanatç „ ak p`rtanlf`rh, barhnt i`rjhtako „

vhanlf`tl `ttr`vhrsl f‑akval i`ssannal ba nlrrasplkbhkz` „ phr akthkbhrsa, quhff` ‖n`rt`nh`’ „ sa í hsths` b`pprai` nlk f`baccusalkh bhf thfhclkl4? h sunnhssavìhkth nlk Akthrkht.

B`f puktl ba vast` thnkanl, quhst` nlkbltt` nlstatuasnh uk prldfhi`, ak qu`ktl ohkhr` uk cfussl nlksasthkth ba ihssòoaba plst` hfhttrlkan`, akt`s`kbl a sasthia ba nliukan`zalkh h fh n`shffh bhofa uthkta 4=. Whr lvva`rh òfa aknlkvhkahkta bhthr-iak`ta b`ffl spìiako, rhnhkthihkth slkl st`ta nlkcaour`ta struihkta nmh aiphbasnlkl f` narnlf`zalkh ba ihssòoa klkslffhnat`ta (n.b. df`nj fasts nlkthkhkta akbarazza AW ‖slsphtta’)41 h slkl st`ta prhbasplsta caftra b` p`rth bha prlvabhrs „ t`fvlft`clrkata ` crlkth ba uk n`klkh suppfhtavl „ nmh kh aiphbasnlkl f` ranhzalkh b` p`rth bhofa uthkta.

^lttl af prlcafl oaurabanl, af prldfhi` raou`rb` sa` af rhoaih bhffh nliukan`zalka nliihrna`fa, h quakba af B. Fos. ?7/477>suf ‖nliihrnal hfhttrlkanl’, sa` f` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa, planmá f` r`nnlft` bhofa akbarazza vahkh hcchttu`t` ba klriàk valf`zalkh bhffh basplsazalka vaohkta ak t`fh i`thra`.

â raplrt`kl ba shouatl fh klrih rafhv`kta ak i`thra` ba ‖nliihrnal hfhttrlkanl’5

@rtanlfl = B. Fos. ?7/477> (Lddfaoma ba akclri`zalkh phr f` nliukan`zalkh nliihrna`fh)0. Ak òoaukt` òfa lddfaoma akclri`tava prhvasta phr sphnacana dhka h shrvaza, fh nliukan`zalka nliihr-

na`fa nmh nlstatuasnlkl uk shrvazal bhff` slnahtç bhff'akclri`zalkh l kh slkl p`rth akthor`kth, bhvlklnlkthkhrh, sak b`f prail akval, ak ilbl nma`rl hb akhquavln`dafh, uk` sphnacan` akclri`tav`, barhtt` `bhvabhkza`rh 5

`) nmh sa tr`tt` ba nliukan`zalkh nliihrna`fh:d) f` phrslk` casan` l oauraban` phr nlktl bhff` qu`fh í hcchttu`t` f` nliukan`zalkh nliihrna`fh :n) nmh sa tr`tt` ba uk'lcchrt` prlilzalk`fh nlih snlkta, prhia, l liòoa h fh rhf`tavh nlkbazalka ba

`nnhssl :b) nmh sa tr`tt` ba nlknlrsa l oalnma prlilzalk`fa, sh nlkshktata, h fh rhf`tavh nlkbazalka ba p`rthnap`-

zalkh.

@rtanlfl 1 B. Fos. ?7/477> (Nliukan`zalkh nliihrna`fh klk slffhnat`t`)0. C`tta s`fva ofa lddfaoma prhvasta b`f bhnrhtl fhoasf`tavl 44 iòoal 0111, k. 0=8, h b`f bhnrhtl fhoasf`-

tavl 0> iòoal 011=, k. 0?0, fh nliukan`zalka nliihrna`fa klk slffhnat`th tr`sihssh b` uk prhst`tlrhphr plst` hfhttrlkan` bhvlkl, ak ilbl nma`rl h akhquavln`dafh, hsshrh abhktacan`th nlih t`fa cak b`f il-ihktl ak nua af bhstak`t`ral fh ranhvh h nlkthkhrh f'akban`zalkh nmh af bhstak`t`ral bhf ihssòoal puô lp-plrsa `f ranhvaihktl ak cuturl ba t`fa nliukan`zalka.

4. F` prlv` bhf n`r`tthrh slffhnat`tl bhffh nliukan`zalka nliihrna`fa í lkhrh bhf prhst`tlrh.

@rtanlfl 40 B. Fos. ?7/477> (^`kzalka)0. ^`fvl nmh af c`ttl nlstatuasn` rh`tl, fh valf`zalka ba nua òfa `rtanlfa ?,=, 1, 07 h 04 slkl pukath nlk af

pòìhktl ba uk` s`kzalkh ̀ iiakastr`tav` phnuka`ra` b` 07> hurl ` 07.777 hurl.4. Kha n`sa ba p`rtanlf`rh or`vatç l ba rhnabav` a faiata iakail h i`ssail bhff` s`kzalkh akban`t` `f

nlii` 0 slkl r`bblppa`ta.>. Fh s`kzalka slkl ̀ ppfan`th ̀ a shksa bhff` fhooh 42 klvhidrh 01=0, k. 3=1. Chril rhst`kbl qu`ktl

prhvastl ak lrbakh à plthra ba `nnhrtìhktl bhofa uccana`fa h bhofa òhkta ba plfaza` oaubaza`ra` b`ff'`rtanlfl0> bhff` nat`t` fhooh 42 klvhidrh 01=0, k. 3=1, `ff'`nnhrtìhktl bhffh valf`zalka prlvvhblkl, b'uccanal lsu bhkukza`, ofa lro`ka ba plfaza` ìiakastr`tav`. Af r`pplrtl ba `nnhrtìhktl bhffh valf`zalka ba nua `f

nlii` 0 í prhshkt`tl `f Iakasthrl bhffh `ttavatç prlbuttavh, c`tt` s`fv` f'aplthsa ba nua `ff'`rtanlfl 42 bhff`fhooh 42 klvhidrh 01=0, k. 3=1.

B`ffh klrih slpr` ihkzalk`th sa puô klt`rh nlih fh nliukan`zalka nliihrna`fa bhdd`kl hsshrh abhktacan`th nliht`fa, khf flrl hcchttavl nlkthkutl. H fh nliukan`zalka klk slffhnat`th, pañ sphnacanìhkth, bhvlkl nlkthkhrh aklftrh f` prhna-s`zalkh ba klk hsshrh st`th ranmahsth h f‑akclri`zalkh `f bhstak`t`ral ak lrbakh `ff` plssadafatç ba hsnfubhrh ufthralra akvaa phraf cuturl.

^lttl af prlcafl bhff` tuthf` bha b`ta phrslk`fa, ak fakh` ba praknapal sa plsslkl bastakouhrh buh ihnn`kasia ba cukzalk`-ihktl5

4? Ak p`rtanlf`rh, í akthrhss`kth ranlrb`rh fh nmaì`th ‖ùtli`tanmh’, hcchttu`th b` uk sasthi` nlk vlnh prhrhoastr`t`. 4= ^. M@IDTABOH h @. FXKBH, TCN 43>8. BLK‑R ^WH_. @ ^ht lc Ouabhfakhs clr I`ss Xkslfanathb Iàfakos `kb Wlstakos (spì*) 5Akthrkht ^lnahty, 0111

41 Ba rhnhkth f‑lphr`tlrh ^pìmùs, nmh clrkasnh t`fh shrvazal, m` sudatl uk phs`kth ‖`tt`nnl’ akclri`tanl, sa ratahkh ak rh`zalkh `ff‑ak-shraihktl ba uk prlvabhr `ff‑akthrkl bhff` df`nj fast .







(0) LWR-LXR (`ppfan`tl khofa ^t`ta Xkata, phr hshipal). F‑uthkth ranhvh ba klri` fh nliukan`zalka klk slffh-nat`th, ` ihkl nmh klk sa ‖nmaìa culra’ (b` nua f‑hsprhssalkh akofhsh), asnravhkblsa ak `pplsata rhoastra >7.

(4) LWR-AK (`ppfan`tl `ff‑akthrkl bhff‑Xkalkh Hurlph` nlih rholf` ohkhr`fh). F‑uthkth ba klri` klk bhvhranhvhrh nliukan`zalka klk slffhnat`th, ` ihkl nmh klk bhsabhra hsshrh akshratl tr` a plssadafa bhstak`t`ra(quakba ‖nmaì`kblsa bhktrl’).

Af sasthi` at`fa`kl, ak p`rtanlf`rh, m` `bhratl ak fakh` ba praknapal `f sasthi` bhff‑LWR-AK, nlk buh aiplrt`kta bhrlomhnmh ranmaì`kl af sasthi` LWR-LXR.(0) @rt. 0>7 n. > das, > thr 5 nliukan`zalka thfhclkanmh. F‑uthkth bhvh asnravhrsa khf ‖rhoastrl bhffh lpplsazalka’ >0 sh

klk bhsabhr` ranhvhrh nliukan`zalka klk slffhnat`th va` thfhclkl.(4) @rt. 0>7 n. 25 nliukan`zalka `ff‑akthrkl ba uk prhhsasthkth r`pplrtl nliihrna`fh. Af nfahkth bhvh hsshrh akthrphf-

f`tl b`f clrkatlrh ak ihratl `ff` plssadafatç ba hsshrh nlkt`tt`tl kulvìhkth phr f` prlilzalkh ba shrvaza saiafa.

@rtanlfl 0>7 B. Fos. 013/477> (Nliukan`zalka akbhsabhr`th)0. Chril rhst`kbl qu`ktl st`dafatl bòfa `rtanlfa = h 40 bhf bhnrhtl fhoasf`tavl 1 `prafh 477>, k. ?7,

f'usl ba sasthia ùtli`tazz`ta ba nmaì`t` l ba nliukan`zalkh ba nmaì`t` shkz` f'akthrvhktl ba uklphr`tlrh phr f'akval ba i`thra`fh puddfanat`ral l ba vhkbat` barhtt` l phr af nlipaihktl ba ranhrnmh ba ihr-n`tl l ba nliukan`zalkh nliihrna`fh í nlkshktatl nlk af nlkshksl bhf nlktr`hkth l uthkth.

4. F` basplsazalkh ba nua `f nlii` 0 sa `ppfan` `knmh `ffh nliukan`zalka hfhttrlkanmh, hcchttu`th phrfh cak`fatç ava akban`th, ihba`kth plst` hfhttrlkan`, thfhc`x, ihssòoa bhf tapl Iis (Iuftaihba` Ihssòako^hrvanh) l îs (^mlrt Ihssòh ^hrvanh) l ba `ftrl tapl.

>. Culra bha n`sa ba nua ̀ a nliia 0 h 4, ufthralra nliukan`zalka phr fh cak`fatç ba nua ̀ a ihbhsaia nliiahcchttu`th nlk ihzza bavhrsa b` quhffa ava akban`ta, slkl nlkshktath à shksa bhofa `rtanlfl 4> h 42 klknmáà shksa ba qu`ktl prhvastl b`f nlii` >-das bhf prhshkth `rtanlfl.

>-das. Ak bhrlo` ` qu`ktl prhvastl b`ff'`rtanlfl 041, af tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta ba nua `ff'`rtanlfl 041,nlii` 0, ihba`kth f‑aipahol bhf thfhclkl h bhff` plst` n`rt`nh` phr fh cak`fatç ba nua ̀ ff'`rtanlfl ?, nlii`2, fhtthr` d),í nlkshktatl kha nlkcrlkta ba nma klk ̀ dda` hshrnat`tl af barattl ba lpplsazalkh , nlk ilb`fatçshipfacan`th h `knmh ak va` thfhi`tan`, ihba`kth f‑asnrazalkh bhff` kuihr`zalkh bhff` qu`fh í akthst`t`ralh bhofa `ftra b`ta phrslk`fa ba nua `ff'`rtanlfl 041, nlii` 0, ak uk rhoastrl puddfanl bhffh lpplsazalka.

>-thr. Af rhoastrl ba nua `f nlii` >-das í astatuatl nlk bhnrhtl bhf Wrhsabhkth bhff` Thpuddfan` b``bltt`rh à shksa bhff'`rtanlfl 0?, nlii` 4, bhff` fhooh 4> òlstl 01==, k. 277, prhva` bhfadhr`zalkh bhfNlksaofal bha iakastra, `nquasatl af p`rhrh bhf Nlksaofal ba ^t`tl h bhffh Nliiassalka p`rfìhkt`ra nliph-

thkta ak i`thra`, nmh sa prlkukna`kl hktrl trhkt` oalrka b`ff` ranmahst`, klknmá, phr a rhf`tava prlcafa ba nli-phthkz`, af p`rhrh bhff'@utlratç phr fh o`r`kzah khffh nliukan`zalka, nmh sa hspraih hktrl af ihbhsailthriakh, shnlkbl a shouhkta nrathra h praknapa ohkhr`fa5

`) `ttraduzalkh bhff'astatuzalkh h bhff` ohstalkh bhf rhoastrl `b uk hkth l lro`kasil puddfanl tatlf`rhba nliphthkzh akhrhkta `ff` i`thra`:

d) prhvasalkh nmh f‑hkth l lro`kasil bhput`tl `ff'astatuzalkh h `ff` ohstalkh bhf rhoastrl va prlvvhb`nlk fh raslrsh ui`kh h struihkt`fa ba nua basplkh l `ccab`kblkh f` rh`fazz`zalkh h f` ohstalkh ` thrza, nmhsh kh ̀ ssuilkl akthrìhkth ofa lkhra cak`kza`ra h lro`kazz`tava, ihba`kth nlktr`ttl ba shrvazal, khf rasphttlbhf nlbanh bha nlktr`tta puddfana rhf`tava ` f`vlra, shrvaza h clrkaturh, ba nua `f bhnrhtl fhoasf`tavl 04 `prafh4773, k. 03> . A sloohtta nmh sa ̀ vv`folkl bhf rhoastrl phr hcchttu`rh fh nliukan`zalka nlrrasplkblkl t`racchba `nnhssl d`s`th suofa hcchttava nlsta ba cukzalkìhktl h ba i`kuthkzalkh. Af Iakastrl bhffl svafuppl hnl-klianl, nlk prlpral prlvvhbaihktl, bhthriak` t`fa t`racch:

n) prhvasalkh nmh fh ilb`fatç thnkanmh ba cukzalkìhktl bhf rhoastrl nlkshkt`kl `b loka uthkth banmahbhrh nmh sa` asnratt` f` kuihr`zalkh bhff` qu`fh í akthst`t`ral shnlkbl ilb`fatç shipfacan`th hb `k-nmh ak va` thfhi`tan` l thfhclkan`:

b) prhvasalkh ba ilb`fatç thnkanmh ba cukzalkìhktl h ba `nnhssl `f rhoastrl ihba`kth akthrrlo`zalkashfhttavh nmh klk nlkshkt`kl af tr`schraihktl bha b`ta prhshkta khf rhoastrl sthssl, prhvhbhkbl af tr`nna`-ihktl bhffh lphr`zalka nlipauth h f` nlkshrv`zalkh bha b`ta rhf`tava òfa `nnhssa:

h) basnapfak` bhffh thipastanmh h bhffh ilb`fatç bhff'asnrazalkh `f rhoastrl, shkz` bastakzalkh ba shttlrhba `ttavatç l ba n`tholra` ihrnhlfloan`, h bhf rhf`tavl òoalrkìhktl, klknmá bhf nlrrhf`tavl phralbl i`s-sail ba utafazz`dafatç bha b`ta vhracan`ta khf rhoast rl ihbhsail, prhvhbhkblsa nmh f‑asnrazalkh `dda` bur`tàkbhcakat` h sa` rhvln`dafh ak qu`fukquh ilihktl, ihba`kth struihkta ba c`nafh utafazzl h or`tuatìhkth:

c) lddfaol phr a sloohtta nmh hcchttu`kl tr`ttìhkta ba b`ta phr fh cak`fatç ba nua `ff'`rtanlfl ?, nlii` 2,fhtthr` d), ba o`r`ktarh f` prhshkt`zalkh bhff'abhktacan`zalkh bhff` fakh` nmaì`kth h ba clrkarh `ff'uthkthablkhh akclri`tavh, ak p`rtanlf`rh suff` plssadafatç h suffh ilb`fatç ba asnrazalkh khf rhoastrl phr lpplrsa `cutura nlkt`tta:

>7 Whr rhkbhrh f‑abh` bhff` vhss`tlrahtç bhffh nliukan`zalka klk slffhnat`th, sa puô ihkzalk`rh af c`ttl nmh fh fasth ba uthkta nmh snhfolklba klk ranhvhrh nliukan`zalka klk slffhnat`th vhkolkl nmaì`th ak ohrol ‖Tldakslk Fast’.

>0 Astatuatl b`ff‑`rt. 47 das, @bhouìhktl `ff` klri`tav` nliukat`ra` ak i`thra` ba tuthf` bhff` vat` prav`t` khf shttlrh bhffh nliukan`zalkahfhttrlkanmh, ba nua `ff` barhttav` 4774/8=/NH, B.F. 48 shtthidrh 4771 , k. 0>8 (ak O`zz. Xcc., 48 shtthidrh, k. 44>), nlkvhrtatl, nlkilbacan`zalka, ak F. 47 klvhidrh 4771, k. 033. - Basplsazalka urohkta phr f'`ttu`zalkh ba lddfaoma nliukat`ra h phr f'hshnuzalkh bashkthkzh bhff` Nlrth ba oaustaza` bhffh Nliukatç hurlphh. ^lst`kza`fihkth, quhstl astatutl basnapfak` af thfhi`rjhtako .





; Tashrv`thzz`, prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa h r`pplrtl ba f`vlrl ;


o) prhvasalkh nmh f‑asnrazalkh khf rhoastrl klk prhnfub` a tr`ttìhkta bha b`ta `ftraihkta `nquasata h tr`t-t`ta khf rasphttl bhofa `rtanlfa 4> h 42.

>-qu`thr. F` vaoaf`kz` h af nlktrlffl suff'lro`kazz`zalkh h af cukzalkìhktl bhf rhoastrl ba nua ̀ f nlii`>-das h suf tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta slkl `ttraduata `f O`r`kth.

2. C`ttl s`fvl qu`ktl prhvastl khf nlii` 0, sh af tatlf`rh bhf tr`ttìhktl utafazz`, ` caka ba vhkbat`barhtt` ba prlpra prlbltta l shrvaza, fh nllrbak`th ba plst` hfhttrlkan` clrkath b`ff'akthrhss`tl khf nlkthstl bhff` vhkbat` ba uk prlblttl l ba uk shrvazal, puô klk ranmahbhrh af nlkshksl bhff'akthrhss`tl, shiprhnmh sa tr`tta ba shrvaza `k`floma ` quhffa loohttl bhff` vhkbat` h f'akthrhss`tl, `bhou`tìhkth akclri`tl,

klk racauta t`fh usl, akaza`fihkth l ak lnn`salkh ba sunnhssavh nliukan`zalka. F'akthrhss`tl, `f ilihktlbhff` r`nnlft` h ak lnn`salkh bhff'akval ba loka nliukan`zalkh hcchttu`t` phr fh cak`fatç ba nua `f prhshkthnlii`, í akclri`tl bhff` plssadafatç ba lpplrsa ak loka ilihktl `f tr`ttìhktl, ak i`kahr` òhvlfhh or`tuatìhkth.

8. Í vaht`tl ak loka n`sl f'akval ba nliukan`zalka phr fh cak`fatç ba nua `f nlii` 0 l, nliukquh, `snlpl prlilzalk`fh, hcchttu`tl nìucc`kbl l nhf`kbl f'abhktatç bhf iatthkth l ak valf`zalkh bhff'`rtanlfl =bhf bhnrhtl fhoasf`tavl 1 ̀ prafh 477>, k. ?7, l shkz` clrkarh uk ablkhl rhn`patl prhssl af qu`fh f'akthrhss`tlplss` hshrnat`rh a baratta ba nua `ff'`rtanlfl ? , lppurh hslrt`kbl a bhstak`t`ra ` vasat`rh sata whd nmh valfaklaf prhbhttl `rtanlfl = bhf bhnrhtl fhoasf`tavl k. ?7 bhf 477>.

3. Ak n`sl ba rhathr`t` valf`zalkh bhffh basplsazalka ba nua `f prhshkth `rtanlfl af O`r`kth puô, prlvvh-bhkbl à shksa bhff'`rtanlfl 02>, nlii` 0, fhtthr` d), `ftrhsæ prhsnravhrh ` clrkatlra ba shrvaza ba nliukan`-zalkh hfhttrlkan` ba `bltt`rh prlnhburh ba caftròoal l `ftrh iasurh pr`tan`dafa rhf`tavìhkth `ffh nllrbak`thba plst` hfhttrlkan` b` nua slkl st`ta akva`th fh nliukan`zalka.

Fl spìiako rafhv` à caka bhf B. Fos. 013/477>, b`f puktl ba vast` bhffh s`kzalka, slttl buh prlcafa5(0) affhnatl tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa (`rt. 03? B. Fos. 013/477>):(4) lihss` akclri`tav` (`rt. 030 B. Fos. 013/477>).

Ak nlknfusalkh, í utafh clrkarh uk `nnhkkl `ff` basplsazalkh nmh st`dafasnh faiata sphnacana phr fl spìiako kha nlkcrlktabha nlksui`tlra, rasphttl à qu`fa sa raprlplkh af sasthi` bhff‑LWR -AK.

@rtanlfl 8= B. Fos. 473/4778>4 Faiata `ff'aipahol ba t`fukh thnkanmh ba nliukan`zalkh ` ba-st`kz`

0. F‑aipahol b` p`rth ba uk prlchssalkast` bhf thfhclkl, bhff` plst` hfhttrlkan`, ba sasthia ùtli`taz-z`ta ba nmaì`t` shkz` f‑akthrvhktl ba uk lphr`tlrh l ba c`x ranmahbh a f nlkshksl prhvhktavl bhf nlksui`-

tlrh, c`tt` s`fv` f` basnapfak` prhvast` b`ff'`rtanlfl 0>7, nlii` >-das, bhf nlbanh ak i`thra` ba prlthzalkhbha b`ta phrslk`fa, ba nua `f bhnrhtl fhoasf`tavl >7 oauokl 477>, k. 013 , phr a tr`ttìhkta bha b`ta aknfusakhofa hfhknma ba `ddlk`ta ` basplsazalkh bhf puddfanl.

4. Rhnkanmh ba nliukan`zalkh ` bast`kz` bavhrsh b` quhffh ba nua `f nlii` 0, qu`flr` nlkshkt`kluk` nliukan`zalkh akbavabu`fh, plsslkl hsshrh aipaho`th b`f prlchssalkast` sh af nlksui`tlrh klk sabanma`r` hspfanatìhkth nlktr`ral.

8.- Tashrv`thzz`, prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa h r`pplrtl ba f`vlrl

@ddaìl vastl nmh f` rashrv`thzz` í uk barattl nmh `pp`rtahkh `ff` phrslk` ak qu`ktl t`fh.â í `nnhkk`tl `ff‑aksahih ba basplsazalka nmh bhvlkl hsshrh rasphtt`th `ff‑akthrkl ba uk‑lro`kazz`zalkh phr f` prlthzalkh

bha b`ta phrslk`fa.

@ quhstl puktl lnnlrrh prhkbhrh ak nlksabhr`zalkh af r`pplrtl tr` quhsth prhrlo`tavh `ff‑akthrkl ba uk fulol ba f`vlrl,phrnmá ak hssl sa vhracan` af thkbhkza f̀h nlkcfattl tr` a baratta bhf baphkbhkth „ ak qu`ktl phrslk` „ h f‑akthrhssh bhf b`tlrh baf`vlrl ` prhshrv`rh f‑hccanahkz` bhff` struttur` `zahkb`fh.

Ak slst`kz`, aknlidlkl `f b`tlrh ba f`vlrl bavhrsh prhsnrazalka5(0) B. Fos. 013/477>, ak qu`ktl tatlf`rh bhf tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta>>:

(4) @rt. 47=? NN, nlih rhsplks`dafh phr «f‑akthoratç casan` h phrslk`fatç ilr`fhº bhf f`vlr`tlrh:(>) B. Fos. =0/477=, phr qu`ktl nlknhrkh f` s`futh h f` sanurhzz` bhf baphkbhkth>2:

>4 B. Fos. 3 shtthidrh 4778 k.473 (ak ûppf.lrbak`ral k. 034 `ff` O`zz.Xcc., = lttldrh, k. 4>8). - Nlbanh bhf nlksuil, ` klri` bhff'`r-tanlfl ? bhff` fhooh 41 fuofal 477>, k. 441.

>> F` vaohkz` ba uk` basnapfak` sphnacan` phr af tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa klk prhoauban` uk` pañ raolrls` tuthf`. Af B. Fos. 013/477>akc`tta nlkthipf` f` nfùslf` ba s`fvòu`rba` nmh nlkshkth f‑lphr`tavatç ba «bavahta l faiata pañ rhstrattava ak i`thra` ba t`fuka b`ta phrslk`fa º(`rt. 0=2 n. >).

>2 F‑lddfaol raou`rb` ak p`rtanlf`rh f` prhbasplsazalkh bhff` plst`zalkh ba f`vlrl `f vabhlthriak`fh ak nlkclriatç `ff‑`ffho`tl ]]]AS (`rt.0?2 n. >), r`cclrz`tl b` s`kzalka phk`fa ak n`sl ba ak`bhipaihktl (`rt. 0?= n. 0 fhtt. `). ak p`rtanlf`rh, `f p`ròr`cl thrzl, rhf`tavl`ff‑«akthrc`nna` hf`dlr`tlrh-ulilº, sa prhvhbh nmh « @ff'`ttl bhff'hf`dlr`zalkh, bhff` snhft`, bhff'`nquastl bhf slctw`rh, l `fflrnmá quhstl





; Tashrv`thzz`, prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa h r`pplrtl ba f`vlrl ;


(2) F. >77/01?7, ^t`tutl bha f`vlr`tlra.

Puhst‑uftail kunfhl klri`tavl bhvh hsshrh `pprlclkbatl, ak p`rtanlf`rh rasphttl ` buh basplsazalka5

@rtanlfl 2 Aipa`kta ̀ ubalvasava.Í vaht`tl f'usl ba aipa`kta ùbalvasava h ba `ftrh `pp`rhnnma`turh phr cak`fatç ba nlktrlffl ` bast`kz`

bhff'`ttavatç bha f`vlr`tlra.Ofa aipa`kta h fh `pp`rhnnma`turh ba nlktrlffl nmh sa`kl ranmahsta b` hsaohkzh lro`kazz`tavh h prlbut-

tavh lvvhrl b`ff` sanurhzz` bhf f`vlrl, i` bà qu`fa bhrava `knmh f` plssadafatç ba nlktrlffl ` bast`kz`bhff'`ttavatç bha f`vlr`tlra, plsslkl hsshrh akst`ff`ta slft`ktl prhval `nnlrbl nlk fh r`pprhshkt`kzh sakb`-n`fa `zahkb`fa, lppurh, ak i`kn`kz` ba quhsth, nlk f` nliiassalkh akthrk`. Ak bachttl ba `nnlrbl, suast`kz` bhf b`tlrh ba f`vlrl, prlvvhbh f'Asphttlr`tl bhf f`vlrl, bhtt`kbl, lvh lnnlrr`, fh ilb`fatç phr f'uslba t`fa aipa`kta.

Whr ofa aipa`kta h fh `pp`rhnnma`turh hsasthkta, nmh rasplkb`kl `ffh n`r`tthrastanmh ba nua `f shnlkblnlii` bhf prhshkth `rtanlfl, ak i`kn`kz` ba `nnlrbl nlk fh r`pprhshkt`kzh sakb`n`fa `zahkb`fa l nlk f`nliiassalkh akthrk`, f'Asphttlr`tl bhf f`vlrl prlvvhbh hktrl uk `kkl b`ff'hktr`t` ak vaolrh bhff` prhshkthfhooh, bhtt`kbl `ff'lnnlrrhkz` fh prhsnrazalka phr f'`bhouìhktl h fh ilb`fatç ba usl bhofa aipa`kta sub-bhtta.

Nlktrl a prlvvhbaihkta bhff'Asphttlr`tl bhf f`vlrl, ba nua à prhnhbhkta shnlkbl h thrzl nlii`, afb`tlrh ba f`vlrl, fh r`pprhshkt`kzh sakb`n`fa ̀ zahkb`fa l, ak i`kn`kz` ba quhsth, f` nliiassalkh akthrk`,lppurh a sakb`n`ta bha f`vlr`tlra ba nua `f sunnhssavl `rt. 01 plsslkl ranlrrhrh, hktrl >7 oalrka b`ff` nl-

iukan`zalkh bhf prlvvhbaihktl, `f Iakastrl phr af f`vlrl h f` prhvabhkz` slna`fh.

@rtanlfl = Bavahtl ba akbòaka suffh lpakalka.Í c`ttl bavahtl `f b`tlrh ba f`vlrl, à caka bhff'`ssukzalkh, nlih khf nlrsl bhffl svlfoaihktl bhf r`p-

plrtl ba f`vlrl, ba hcchttu`rh akbòaka, `knmh ` ihzzl ba thrza, suffh lpakalka plfatanmh, rhfaoalsh l sakb`n`fabhf f`vlr`tlrh, klknmá su c`tta klk rafhv`kta à caka bhff` v`fut`zalkh bhff'`ttatubakh prlchssalk`fh bhf f`vl-r`tlrh.

F‑`rt. 2 F. >77/01?7 `f nlii` 0 aiplkh uk bavahtl `sslfutl ba «nl ktrlffl ` bast`kz`º, ihktrh nlk af sunnhssavl nlii`4 ìihtth f‑hnnhzalkh nmh akthor` a «nlktrlffa bachksava º ak prhshkz` bhffh shouhkta nlkbazalka5

(0) ofa struihkta, pur hsshkbl ablkha `f «nlktrlffl ` bast`kz`º, slkl nliukquh cukzalk`fa `b hsaohkzh prlbuttavh l ba

sanurhzz`:(4) va í f‑akthrvhktl ba sloohtta thrza (sakb`n`ta, B.W.F.) khf rasphttl ba uk` prlnhbur` nmh r`cclrz` f` o`r`kza` bhff` baok atçbha f`vlr`tlra.

Ak i`ssai` sakthsa, slkl `ttu`fihkth vaht`ta „ h pukata nlk s`kzalkh phk`fh (`rt. >= F. >77/01?7) a nlktrlffa ba nua `ff‑`rt.2, nmh rasplkblkl à shouhkta rhquasata5

(0) (hfhihktl kho`tavl)5 `ff‑aks`put` bhf baphkbhkth lvvhrl ak bachttl ba `nnlrbl sakb`n`fh l ùtlrazz`zalkh ìiaka-str`tav`:

(4) (hfhihktl loohttavl)5 ak lnn`salkh bhff` prhst`zalkh f`vlr`tav`:(>) (hfhihktl cukzalk`fh)5 nlk fl snlpl ba nlktrlff`rh af baphkbhkth:(2) (hfhihktl ilb`fh)5 ak clri` nlktaku`tav`, ` prhsnakbhrh b`ff` thnklfloa` h b`f c`ttl nmh sa tr`tta ba uk` slrvhofa`kz`

«ak thipl rh`fhº h «b` rhiltlº, l nmh f‑hf`dlr`zalkh bhffh rhoastr`zalka ùtli`tanmh `vvhko` hx plst rasphttl `f prhnasl

ilihktl bhff` nlkbltt` nlktrlff`t`.

Whr thkt`rh ba ihba`rh tr` quhsth hsaohkzh ak nlkcfattl, tr` baratta bhf baphkbhkth hb hsaohkzh prlbuttavh b`tlra`fa, afO`r`kth m` `bltt`tl a shouhkta prlvvhbaihkta5

(0) @utlrazz`zalkh ohkhr`fh `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta shksadafa kha r`pplrta ba f`vlrl, oaç nat`t`:(4) Fakhh Ouab` phr af tr`ttìhktl ba b`ta bha baphkbhkta prav`ta - 4> klvhidrh 4773 (O.X. ? banhidrh 4773, k. 4=8)(>) Fakhh Ouab` « phr af tr`ttìhktl ba b`ta bha baphkbhkta prav`ta - 4> klvhidrh 4773 º (O.X. ?/04/4773, k. 4=8) h

slpr`ttuttl ak quhffh «Whr plst` hfhttrlkan` h akthrkht - 0 i`rzl 477? º (O.X. 07/>/477?, k. 8=).(2) Fakhh Ouab` ak i`thra` ba tr`ttìhktl ba b`ta phrslk`fa ba f`vlr`tlra phr cak`fatç ba ohstalkh bhf r`pplrtl ba f`vlrl ak

ìdatl puddfanl" - 02 oauokl 477? (O.X. 0> fuofal 477?, k. 030)

(8) âsthia ba fln`fazz`zalkh bha vhanlfa khff'ìdatl bhf r`pplrtl ba f`vlrl 2 lttldrh 4700 Zbln. whd k. 0=878=0Y

vhko` ilbacan`tl, nlih `knmh khf bhcakarh fh i`ksalka nmh aipfan`kl f'utafazz`zalkh ba ukatç vabhlthriak`fa, af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl thrrçnlktl bha shouhkta c`ttlra5 Z…Y d) Z…Y Aklftrh khssuk basplsatavl ba nlktrlffl qu`ktat`tavl l qu`fat`tavl puô hsshrh utafazz` tl ̀ ff'aks`put`bha f`vlr`tlra º.





; (*) @pprlclkbaihkta ;

Rhstl basplkadafh su fanhkz` Nrh`tavh Nliilks - mttp5//nrh`tavhnliilks.lro/fanhkshs/dy-kn-kb/4.8/bhhb.at 4> / >0

3.- (*) @pprlclkbaihkta

3.0.- ûffh lraoaka bhff` prav`ny

Af nlkthstl khf qu`fh sa nlffln` af nhfhdrh `rtanlfl ba _`rrrhk h Dr`kbhas í b`tl b`ff‑lrbakìhktl nlstatuzalk`fh st`tuka-thksh hb ak p`rtanlf`rh buh ‖hihkbìhkta’, nmh sa raprlbunlkl ba shouatl nlk tr`buzalkh.

AS hihkbìhktl Rmh raomt lc tmh phlpfh tl dh shnurh ak tmhar phrslks, mlushs,

p`phrs, `kb hcchnts, òàkst ukrh`slk`dfh sh`rnmhs `kb

shazurhs, sm`ff klt dh valf`thb, `kb kl _`rr`kts sm`ff assuh,

dut uplk prld`dfh nùsh, supplrthb dy L`tm lr `ccari`talk,

`kb p`rtanuf`rfy bhsnradako tmh pf`nh tl dh sh`rnmhb, `kb tmh

phrslks lr tmakos tl dh shazhb.

Klk pltrç hsshrh valf`tl af barattl bha natt`baka ba olbhrh bhff`

sanurhzz` phrslk`fh, bhff` flrl n`s`, bhffh flrl n`rth h bha

flrl dhka, ba crlkth ` phrquasazalka h shquhstra akoaustacan`ta: h

klk sa raf`snhr`kkl i`kb`ta ba phrquasazalkh sh klk su

clkb`ta iltava slsthkuta b` oaurìhktl l b` banma`r`zalkh

slfhkkh h nlk bhsnrazalkh prhnas` bhf fulol b` phrquasarh h

bhffh phrslkh b` `rrhst`rh l bhffh nlsh b` shquhstr`rh.

S hihkbìhktl Kl phrslk sm`ff dh mhfb tl `kswhr clr ` n`pat`f, lr ltmhrwash

akcìlus nraih, ukfhss lk ` prhshktihkt lr akbantihkt lc Òr`kb Eury, hxnhpt ak n`shs `rasako ak tmh f`kb lr k`v`f

clrnhs, lr ak tmh Iafata`, wmhk ak `ntu`f shrvanh ak taih lc _`r

lr pudfan b`kohr: klr sm`ff `ky phrslk dh sudehnt clr tmh

sìh lcchksh tl dh twanh put ak ehlp`rby lc fach lr faid: klr

sm`ff dh nliphffhb ak `ky nraiak`f n`sh tl dh ` watkhss

òàkst maishfc, klr dh bhpravhb lc fach, fadhrty, lr prlphrty,

watmlut buh prlnhss lc f`w: klr sm`ff prav`th prlphrty dh

t`jhk clr pudfan ush, watmlut eust nliphks`talk

Khssukl s`rç thkutl ` rasplkbhrh ba uk rh`tl, nmh nliplrta

f` phk` n`pat`fh, l nmh sa` nliukquh or`vh, sh klk phrbhkukna` l ̀ nnus` c`tt` b` uk Or`k Oauræ, ̀ ihkl nmh af n`sl

raou`rba ihidra bhffh clrzh ba thrr` l ba i`rh, l bhff` iafaza`,

ak shrvazal hcchttavl, ak thipl ba ouhrr` l ba phranlfl puddfanl:

h khssukl pltrç hsshrh slttlplstl buh vlfth, phr uk

ihbhsail rh`tl, ̀ uk prlnhbaihktl nmh nliprlihtt` f` su`

vat` l f` su` akthoratç casan`: ká pltrç hsshrh lddfao`tl, ak

qu`fsa`sa nùs` phk`fh, ` bhplrrh nlktrl sh ihbhsail, ká

pltrç hsshrh prav`tl bhff` vat`, bhff` fadhrtç l bha dhka, shkz`

uk oaustl prlnhssl: h khssuk` prlprahtç prav`t` pltrç hsshrh

bhstak`t` ` usl puddfanl, shkz` hqul akbhkkazzl.

3.4.- Nrlklfloa` bha prlvvhbaihkta klri`tava ak thi` ba rashrv`thzz`

Ba shouatl sa raplrt` uk` nrlklfloa` ba i`ssai` bha praknap`fa `tta klri`tava ak i`thra` ba barattl `ff` rashrv`thzz`.

Thpuddfan` at`fa`k`(Tli`)www.at`fa`.olv.at

Xkalkh Hurlph`(Druxhffhs)

www.hurlp`.hu.akt

Nlksaofal B‑Hurlp` (^tr`sdurol (CT))

www.nlh.akt

LKX(Khw Qlrj (X^@))

www.uk.akt

012= Nlstatuzalkh bhff` Thpud-dfan`

0188 F. 2 òlstl k.=2=, ak vaolrhb`f 43 lttldrh 0188, `rt.=,r`tacan` bhff` Nlkvhkzalkh baTli` phr f` s`fvòu`rba`bha baratta bhff‑ulil h bhffh fa-dhrtç clkbìhkt`fa

01=1 F. 40 chddràl k.1= r`tacan`bhff` Nlkvhkzalkh ba ^tr`-sdurol k.07= bhf 4= ohkkàl01=0 0118

0187 Nlkvhkzalkh hurlph` ba s`f-vòu`rba` bha Barattabhff‑Xlil h bhffh Fadhrtçclkbìhkt`fa

01=0Nlkvhkzalkh ^tr`sdurol k.07= bhf 4= ohkkàl 01=0

012= Banma`r`zalkh ukavhrs`fh bhabaratta bhff‑ulil

0133W`tta akthrk`zalk`fa


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0113 F. >0 banhidrh, k.3?8 "Ru-thf` bhffh phrslkh h ba `ftrasloohtta rasphttl `f tr`tt`-ihktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa" akO.X. k. 8 bhf = ohkkàl011?.

477> B. Fos. >7 i`rzl 477>, k.013 Nlbanh ak i`thra` ba prl-thzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa

BATHRRAS@ 23 bhf 42 lttl-drh>8

011? BATHRRAS@ 33 bhf 08 ba-nhidrh>3

4777 N`rt` bha baratta clkbìhkt`fabhff‑Xkalkh Hurlph`, nlkth-stu`fh `f Rr`tt`tl ba Kazz`,?/= banhidrh 4777, akO.X.N.H. 0=.04.4777, N>32/0.

4774 BATHRRAS@ 8= bhf 04fuofal>?

4773BATHRRAS@ 42 bhf 08 i`rzl4773>=

4771Rr`tt`tl ba Fasdlk`

4771 BATHRRAS@ 0>3 bhf 48 kl-vhidrh 4771>1

4704Wrlplst` ba barhttav`27

0111 Shrtanh ba ^tr`sdurol

>8 Ruthf` bhffh phrslkh casanmh nlk raou`rbl `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa, klknmá `ff` fadhr` narnlf`zalkh ba t`fa b`ta , ak O.X.N.H. k.F 4=0 bhf 4>/00/011>, pòo.77>0-7787.

>3 ûf tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa h suff` tuthf` bhff` vat` prav`t` khf shttlrh bhffh thfhnliukan`zalka , ak O.X.N.H. F.742 bhf>7/70/011=, pòo.7770-777=.

>? Thf`tav` `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa h `ff` tuthf` bhff` vat` prav`t` khf shttlrh bhffh nliukan`zalka hfhttrlkanmh, ak O.X.N.H. k. F470 bhf >0/?/4774. pòo.77>?-772?.

>= Ta ou`rb`kth f` nlkshrv`zalkh ba b`ta ohkhr`ta l tr`tt`ta khff‑ìdatl bhff` clrkatur` ba shrvaza ba nliukan`zalkh hfhttrlkan` `nnhssadafa

`f puddfanl l ba rhta puddfanmh ba nliukan`zalkh h nmh ilbacan` f` barhttav` 4774/8=/NH , ak O.X.X.H. F 078 bhf 0>.2.4773, pòo. 82-3>. Puhst` í f` barhttav` banma`r`t` affhoattai` nlk shkthkz` NOXH bhff ‑= `prafh 4702 khffh nùsh raukath N-41>/04 h N812/04.

>1 Thn`kth ilbacan` bhff` barhttav` 4774/44/NH rhf`tav` `f shrvazal ukavhrs`fh h à baratta bhofa uthkta ak i`thra` ba rhta h ba shrvaza banliukan`zalkh hfhttrlkan ,̀ bhff` barhttav` 4774/8=/NH rhf`tav` ̀ f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa h ̀ ff` tuthf` bhff` vat` prav`t` khf shttlrhbhffh nliukan`zalka hfhttrlkanmh h bhf rholfìhktl (NH) k. 4773/4772 suff` nllphr`zalkh tr` fh ̀ utlratç k`zalk`fa rhsplks`daf a bhff‑hsh-nuzalkh bhff` klri`tav` ̀ tuthf` bha nlksui`tlra , ak O.X.X.H. k.>>? bhf 0= banhidrh 4771, rhnhpat` b`ff` F. 08 banhidrh 4700 k. 40?Basplsazalka phr f'`bhipaihktl ba lddfaoma bhrav`kta b`ff'`pp`rthkhkz` bhff'At`fa` ̀ ffh Nliukat`' hurlphh - Fhooh nliukat`ra` 4707, akO.X. 4 ohkkàl 4704, k. 0. Ak d`sh `ff` Fhooh ihkzalk`t` slkl st`ta hi`k`ta5 B. Fos. 4= iòoal 4704 k.31 (ak O`zz. Xcc., >0 iòoal4704, k. 043). - Ilbacanmh `f bhnrhtl fhoasf`tavl >7 oauokl 477>, k. 013, rhn`kth nlbanh ak i`thra` ba prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa ak`ttu`zalkh bhffh barhttavh 4771/0>3/NH, ak i`thra` ba tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa h tuthf` bhff` vat` prav`t` khf shttlrh bhffh nliuka-n`zalka hfhttrlkanmh, h 4771/027/NH ak i`thra` ba rhta h shrvaza ba nliukan`zalkh hfhttrlkan` h bhf rholfìhktl (NH) k. 4773/4772 suff`nllphr`zalkh tr` fh ùtlrat`' k`zalk`fa rhsplks`dafa bhff'hshnuzalkh bhff` klri`tav` ` tuthf` bha nlksui`tlra, klknmá B. Fos. 4= iòoal4704 k.?7 (ak O`zz. Xcc., >0 iòoal 4704, k. 043). - Ilbacanmh `f bhnrhtl fhoasf`tavl 0· òlstl 477>, k. 481, rhn`kth nlbanh bhffhnliukan`zalka hfhttrlkanmh ak `ttu`zalkh bhffh barhttavh 4771/027/NH, ak i`thra` ba rhta h shrvaza ba nliukan`zalkh hfhttrlkan`, h4771/0>3/NH ak i`thra` ba tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa h tuthf` bhff` vat` prav`t`.

27 Wrlplst` ba Barhttav` nlknhrkhkth f` tuthf` bhffh phrslkh casanmh nlk raou`rbl ̀ f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa b` p`rth bhffh ̀ utlratçnliphthkta ` caka ba prhvhkzalkh, akbòakh, `nnhrtìhktl h phrshouaihktl ba rh`ta l hshnuzalkh ba s`kzalka phk`fa, h f` fadhr` narnlf`-zalkh ba t`fa b`ta bhf 48.0.4704 NLI(4704) 07 cak`f, 4704/7707 (NLB)







3.>.- Hfhknl ba ùtlrazz`zalka ohkhr`fa

(>) @utlrazz`zalkh ohkhr`fh k. 0/470> `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta shksadafa kha r`pplrta ba f`vlrl04 banhidrh 470>(2) @utlrazz`zalkh ohkhr`fh k. 4/470> `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta ablkha ` ravhf`rh fl st`tl ba s`futh h f` vat`

shssu`fh 04 banhidrh 470>(8) @utlrazz`zalkh ohkhr`fh k. >/470> `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta shksadafa b` p`rth bhofa lro`kasia ba tapl `ssl-

na`tavl h bhffh clkb`zalka 04 banhidrh 470>(3) @utlrazz`zalkh ohkhr`fh k. 2/470> `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta shksadafa b` p`rth bha fadhra prlchssalkasta 04

banhidrh 470>(?) @utlrazz`zalkh ohkhr`fh k. 8/470> `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta shksadafa b` p`rth ba bavhrsh n`tholrah ba tatlf`ra

04 banhidrh 470>(=) @utlrazz`zalkh ohkhr`fh k. 3/470> `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta shksadafa b` p`rth bhofa akvhstao`tlra prav`ta 04

banhidrh 470>(1) @utlrazz`zalkh ohkhr`fh k. ?/470> `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta ` n`r`tthrh oaubaza`ral b` p`rth ba prav`ta, ba hkta

puddfana hnlkliana h ba sloohtta puddfana 04 banhidrh 470>(07) @utlrazz`zalkh ohkhr`fh k. =/470> `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta ohkhtana 04 banhidrh 470>(00) @utlrazz`zalkh ohkhr`fh k. 1/470> `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa hcchttu`tl phr snlpa ba ranhrn` snahkta-

can` 04 banhidrh 470>(04) Hslkhrl b`ff'lddfaol ba kltacan`zalkh bhf tr`ttìhktl ba b`ta ohkhtana hcchttu`tl b` lro`kasia ba ihba`zalkh

42 oauokl 4700

3.2.- Wrhnùzalka bhtt`th b`f o`r`kth phr f` prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa suf fulol ba f`vlrl

Nlk p`rtanlf`rh rachraihktl `ff‑utafazzl ba struihkta akclri`tana b` p`rth bha baphkbhkta, af O`r`kth prlplkh fh shouhktaprhnùzalka5

« Z…Y @ shnlkb` bha n`sa `kbrhddh `b hshipal sphnacan`tl5

- sh bhthriak`ta nliplrtìhkta klk slkl tlffhr`ta rasphttl `ff` "k`vao`zalkh" ak Akthrkht (`b hs., af blwkfl`b ba

slctw`rh l ba cafh iusan`fa), lppurh `ff` thkut` ba cafh khff` rhth akthrk`:- ak qu`fh iasur` í nlkshktatl utafazz`rh `knmh phr ròalka phrslk`fa shrvaza ba plst` hfhttrlkan` l ba rhth, `knmh

slfl b` bhthriak`th plst`zalka ba f`vlrl l n`shffh lppurh ranlrrhkbl ̀ sasthia ba whdiàf, akban`kblkh fh ilb`fatçh f'`rnl thiplr`fh ba utafazzl (`b hs., culra b`ff'lr`ral ba f`vlrl l bur`kth fh pùsh, l nlkshkthkblkh uk usl il-bhr`tl `knmh khf thipl ba f`vlrl):

- qu`fa akclri`zalka slkl ihilrazz`th thiplr`khìhkth (`b hs., fh nliplkhkta ba cafh ba flo hvhktu`fihkthrhoastr`ta) h nma (`knmh `ff'hsthrkl) va puô `nnhbhrh fhoattaiìhkth:

- sh h qu`fa akclri`zalka slkl hvhktu`fihkth nlkshrv`th phr uk phralbl pañ fukol, ak clri` nhktr`fazz`t` l ihkl(`knmh phr hcchttl ba nlpah ba d`nj up, bhff` ohstalkh thnkan` bhff` rhth l ba cafh ba flo ):

- sh, h ak qu`fh iasur`, af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl sa rashrv` ba hcchttu`rh nlktrlffa ak nlkclriatç `ff` fhooh, `knmh s`ftu`ral lnn`salk`fa, akban`kbl fh ròalka fhoattaih „sphnacanmh h klk ohkhranmh „ phr nua vhrrhddhrl hcchttu`ta (`knmh phr

vhracanmh suff` cukzalk`fatç h sanurhzz` bhf sasthi`) h fh rhf`tavh ilb`fatç (prhnas`kbl sh, ak n`sl ba `dusa sakolfal rhathr`ta, vhkolkl aklftr`ta prhvhktava `vvasa nlffhttava l akbavabu`fa hb hcchttu`ta nlktrlffa kliak`tava l su sakolfabasplsatava h plst`zalka):

- qu`fa nlkshouhkzh, ̀ knmh ba tapl basnapfak`rh, af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl sa rashrv` ba tr`rrh qu`flr` nlkst`ta nmh f` plst`hfhttrlkan` h f` rhth Akthrkht slkl utafazz`th akbhdatìhkth:

- fh slfuzalka prhcaour`th phr o`r`ktarh, nlk f` nllphr`zalkh bhf f`vlr`tlrh, f` nlktakuatç bhff'`ttavatç f`vlr`tav` akn`sl ba `sshkz` bhf f`vlr`tlrh sthssl (sphnah sh prlorìi`t`), nlk p`rtanlf`rh rachraihktl `ff'`ttav`zalkh ba sa-sthia ba rasplst` ùtli`tan` à ihssòoa ba plst` hfhttrlkan` ranhvuta:

- sh slkl utafazz`dafa ilb`fatç ba usl phrslk`fh ba ihzza nlk pòìhktl l c`ttur`zalkh ` n`ranl bhff'akthrhss`tl:

- qu`fa iasurh slkl `bltt`th phr p`rtanlf`ra rh`ftç f`vlr`tavh khffh qu`fa bhdd` hsshrh rasphtt`tl f'hvhktu`fh sh-orhtl prlchssalk`fh nua sa`kl thkuth sphnacanmh caourh prlchssalk`fa:

- fh prhsnrazalka akthrkh suff` sanurhzz` bha b`ta h bha sasthia (`rt. >2 bhf Nlbanh, klknmá @ffho`tl D), ak p`rtanlf`rhrholfh 2, 1, 07 ).

Z…Y Bhvlkl hsshrh tr` f'`ftrl akban`th fh praknap`fa n`r`tthrastanmh bha tr`ttìhkta, klknmá af sloohttl l f'ukatç lro`kazz`-tav` à qu`fa a f`vlr`tlra plsslkl ravlfohrsa phr hshrnat`rh a prlpra baratta.







2. @pp`rhnnma`turh prhlrbak`th `f nlktrlffl ` bast`kz`

Nlk raou`rbl `f praknapal shnlkbl nua lnnlrrh phrshouarh cak`fatç bhthriak`th, hspfanath h fhoattaih (`rt. 00, nlii` 0,fhtt. d), bhf Nlbanh), af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl puô rashrv`rsa ba nlktrlff`rh (barhttìhkth l `ttr`vhrsl f` prlpra` struttur`) f'hcchttavl`bhipaihktl bhff` prhst`zalkh f`vlr`tav` h, sh khnhss`ral, af nlrrhttl utafazzl bhofa struihkta ba f`vlrl (ncr. ̀ rtt. 47=3, 47=?h 4072 nlb. nav. ).

Khff'hshrnazal ba t`fh prhrlo`tav` lnnlrrh rasphtt`rh f` fadhrtç h f` baokatç bha f`vlr`tlra, ak p`rtanlf`rh phr naô nmh `ttahkh

`f bavahtl ba akst`ff`rh "`pp`rhnnma`turh phr cak`fatç ba nlktrlffl ` bast`kz` bhff'`ttavatç bha f`vlr`tlra" (`rt. 2, prail nlii`,f. k. >77/01?7), tr` nua slkl nhrtìhkth nliprhsh struihkt`zalka m`rbw`rh h slctw`rh iar`th `f nlktrlffl bhff'uthkth ba uksasthi` ba nliukan`zalkh hfhttrlkan`.

Af tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta nmh kh nlkshouh í affhnatl, ̀ prhsnakbhrh b`ff'affanhatç bhff'akst`ff`zalkh sthss`. Naô, ̀ knmh qu`kbla sakolfa f`vlr`tlra kh sa`kl nlks`phvlfa.

Ak p`rtanlf`rh klk puô rathkhrsa nlkshktatl af tr`ttìhktl hcchttu`tl ihba`kth sasthia m`rbw`rh h slctw`rh prhlrbak`ta `fnlktrlffl ̀ bast`kz`, or`zah ̀ a qu`fa sa` plssadafh ranlstruarh „` vlfth ̀ knmh iakuzalsìhkth „ f'`ttavatç ba f`vlr`tlra. Á af n`sl,`b hshipal5

- bhff` fhttur` h bhff` rhoastr`zalkh sasthi`tan` bha ihssòoa ba plst` hfhttrlkan` lvvhrl bha rhf`tava b`ta hsthralra,`f ba fç ba qu`ktl thnkanìhkth khnhss`ral phr svlfohrh af shrvazal h-iàf:

- bhff` raprlbuzalkh hb hvhktu`fh ihilrazz`zalkh sasthi`tan` bhffh pòakh whd vasu`fazz`th b`f f`vlr`tlrh:

- bhff` fhttur` h bhff` rhoastr`zalkh bha n`r`tthra akshrata trìath f` t`stahr` l `k`flol basplsatavl:- bhff'`k`fasa lnnuft` ba nliputhr plrt`tafa `ccab`ta ak usl.

Af nlktrlffl ` bast`kz` vaht`tl b`ff` fhooh raou`rb` f'`ttavatç f`vlr`tav` ak shksl strhttl h `ftrh nlkbltth phrslk`fa plsth akhsshrh khf fulol ba f`vlrl. @ p`rth hvhktu`fa rhsplks`dafatç navafa h phk`fa, a b`ta tr`tt`ta affhnatìhkth klk slkl utafazz`dafa(`rt. 00, nlii` 4, bhf Nlbanh).

8. Wrlorìia nmh nlkshktlkl nlktrlffa "akbarhtta"

8.0. Af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl, utafazz`kbl sasthia akclri`tava phr hsaohkzh prlbuttavh l lro`kazz`tavh (`b hs., phr rafhv`rh`kli`fah l phr i`kuthkzalka) l, nliukquh, qu`kbl ofa sthssa sa ravhf`kl khnhss`ra phr f` sanurhzz` suf f`vlrl, puô `vv`-fhrsa fhoattaiìhkth, khf rasphttl bhffl ^t`tutl bha f`vlr`tlra (`rt. 2, nlii` 4), ba sasthia nmh nlkshktlkl akbarhttìhkth uknlktrlffl ` bast`kz` (n.b. nlktrlffl prhthrakthkzalk`fh) h bhthriak`kl uk tr`ttìhktl ba b`ta phrslk`fa rachrata l rachradafa àf`vlr`tlra. Naô, `knmh ak prhshkz` ba `ttavatç ba nlktrlffl basnlktakuh.

Af tr`ttìhktl ba b`ta nmh kh nlkshouh puô rasuft`rh fhnatl. Thst` chri` f` khnhssatç ba rasphtt`rh fh prlnhburh ba akclr-i`zalkh h ba nlksuft`zalkh ba f`vlr`tlra h sakb`n`ta ak rhf`zalkh `ff'aktrlbuzalkh l `ff` ilbacan` ba sasthia ùtli`tazz`ta phrf` r`nnlft` h f'utafazz`zalkh bha b`ta, klknmá ak n`sl ba aktrlbuzalkh l ba ilbacan`zalkh ba prlnhbaihkta thnkana bhstak`ta `nlktrlff`rh a ilvaihkta l f` prlbuttavatç bha f`vlr`tlra.

8.4. Wraknapal ba khnhssatç

Ak `ppfan`zalkh bhf ihkzalk`tl praknapal ba khnhssatç af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl í nmaì`tl ` prliulvhrh loka lpplrtukìasur`, lro`kazz`tav` h thnklfloan` vlft` ̀ prhvhkarh a f rasnmal ba utafazza aiprlpra (b` prhchrarh rasphttl ̀ ff '`blzalkh ba iasurh"rhprhssavh") h, nliukquh, ` "iakaiazz`rh" f'usl ba b`ta rachradafa à f`vlr`tlra (`rtt. >, 00, nlii` 0, fhtt. b) h 44, nliia > h8, bhf Nlbanh: ùt. ohk. `f tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta shksadafa k. 0/4778, puktl 2).

B`f puktl ba vast` lro`kazz`tavl í quakba lpplrtukl nmh5

-

sa v`futa `tthktìhkth f'aip`ttl sua baratta bha f`vlr`tlra (prai` bhff'akst`ff`zalkh ba `pp`rhnnma`turh susnhttadafa banlkshktarh af nlktrlffl ` bast`kz` h bhff'hvhktu`fh tr`ttìhktl):

- sa akbavabua prhvhktavìhkth (`knmh phr taplfloah) ` qu`fa f`vlr`tlra í `nnlrb`tl f'utafazzl bhff` plst` hfhttrlkan` hf'`nnhssl ` Akthrkht:

- sa bhthriaka qu`fh udan`zalkh í rashrv`t` `ffh plst`zalka ba f`vlrl phr raburrh af rasnmal ba uk flrl aipahol `dusavl.

Af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl m` aklftrh f'lkhrh ba `bltt`rh tutth fh iasurh thnklfloanmh vlfth ` iakaiazz`rh f'usl ba b`ta abhktacan`tava(n.b. prav`ny hkm`knako thnmklfloahs „WHRs ). Fh iasurh plsslkl hsshrh bacchrhkza`th ` shnlkb` bhff` thnklfloa` aipah-o`t` (`b hs., plst` hfhttrlkan` l k`vao`zalkh ak Akthrkht).

`) Akthrkht5 f` k`vao`zalkh whd

Af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl, phr raburrh af rasnmal ba usa aiprlpra bhff` "k`vao`zalkh" ak Akthrkht (nlksasthkta ak `ttavatç klk nlrrhf`th

`ff` prhst`zalkh f`vlr`tav` qu`fa f` vasalkh ba sata klk phrtakhkta, f'upfl`b l af blwkfl`b ba cafh, f'usl ba shrvaza ba rhth nlkcak`fatç fubanmh l hstr`khh ̀ ff'`ttavatç), bhvh `bltt`rh lpplrtukh iasurh nmh plsslkl, nlsæ, prhvhkarh nlktrlffa sunnhssava suff`vlr`tlrh. R`fa nlktrlffa, fhnata l ihkl ` shnlkb` bha n`sa, plsslkl bhthriak`rh af tr`ttìhktl ba akclri`zalka phrslk`fa,`knmh klk phrtakhkta l ablkha ` ravhf`rh nlkvakzalka rhfaoalsh, caflslcanmh l ba `ftrl ohkhrh, lpakalka plfatanmh, fl st`tl bas`futh l f` vat` shssu`fh (`rt. = f. k. >77/01?7: `rtt. 43 h 00> bhf Nlbanh: Wrlvv. 4 chddràl 4773, nat. ).






Rhstl basplkadafh su fanhkz` Nrh`tavh Nliilks - mttp5//nrh`tavhnliilks.lro/fanhkshs/dy-kn-kb/4.8/bhhb.at 4? / >0

Ak p`rtanlf`rh, af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl puô ̀ bltt`rh uk` l pañ bhffh shouhkta iasurh lpplrtukh, thkhkbl nlktl bhffh phnufa`ratç prlprah ba na`snuk` lro`kazz`zalkh prlbuttav` h bha bavhrsa prlcafa prlchssalk`fa5

- akbavabu`zalkh ba n`tholrah ba sata nlksabhr`ta nlrrhf`ta l ihkl nlk f` prhst`zalkh f`vlr`tav`:

- nlkcaour`zalkh ba sasthia l utafazzl ba caftra nmh prhvhko`kl bhthriak`th lphr`zalka „rhput`th aknlkchrhkta nlkf'`ttavatç f`vlr`tav ̀„ qu`fa f'upfl`b l f'`nnhssl ` bhthriak`ta sata (akshrata ak uk` slrt` ba df`nj fast) h/l af blwkfl`b bacafh l slctw`rh `vhkta p`rtanlf`ra n`r`tthrastanmh (baihksalk`fa l ba taplfloa` ba b`tl):

- tr`ttìhktl ba b`ta ak clri` `klkai` l t`fh b` prhnfubhrh f'aiihba`t` abhktacan`zalkh ba uthkta ihba`kth flrllpplrtukh òorho`zalka (`b hs., nlk raou`rbl à cafh ba flo rachrata `f tr`ccanl whd, su d`sh nlffhttav` l phr oruppasuccanahkthihkth ìpa ba f`vlr`tlra):

- hvhktu`fh nlkshrv`zalkh khf thipl bha b`ta strhttìhkth faiat`t` `f phrshouaihktl ba cak`fatç lro`kazz`tavh, prlbuttavh h ba sanurhzz`.

d) Wlst` hfhttrlkan`

Af nlkthkutl bha ihssòoa ba plst` hfhttrlkan ̀„nlih purh a b`ta hsthralra bhffh nliukan`zalka h a cafh ̀ ffho`ta „ raou`rb`klclrih ba nlrrasplkbhkz` `ssastath b` o`r`kzah ba shorhthzz` tuthf`th `knmh nlstatuzalk`fihkth, f` nua r`tal rasahbh khf prlthoohrh af kunfhl hsshkza`fh bhff` baokatç ui`k` h af pahkl svafuppl bhff` phrslk`fatç khffh clri`zalka slna`fa: uk'ufthralrh prlthzalkh bhrav` b`ffh klrih phk`fa ` tuthf` bhff'akvalf`dafatç bha shorhta (`rtt. 4 h 08 Nlst.: Nlrth nlst. 0? fuofal 011=, k.4=0 h 00 i`rzl 011>, k. =0: `rt. 303, qu`rtl nlii`, n.p.: `rt. 21 Nlbanh bhff'ìiakastr`zalkh baoat`fh).

Rutt`va`, nlk sphnacanl rachraihktl `ff'aipahol bhff` plst` hfhttrlkan` khf nlkthstl f`vlr`tavl h ak ròalkh bhff` vhsthhsthralrh `ttraduat` `ff'akbarazzl ba plst` hfhttrlkan` kha sakolfa n`sa, puô rasuft`rh buddal sh af f`vlr`tlrh, ak qu`fatç ba bhsta-k`t`ral l iatthkth, utafazza f` plst` hfhttrlkan` lphr`kbl qu`fh hsprhssalkh bhff'lro`kazz`zalkh b`tlra`fh l kh c`nna` uk usl phrslk`fh pur lphr`kbl ak uk` struttur` f`vlr`tav`.

F` i`kn`t` hspfanat`zalkh ba uk` plfany `f raou`rbl puô bhthriak`rh `knmh uk` fhoattai` `sphtt`tav` bhf f`vlr`tlrh, lba thrza, ba nlkcabhkza`fatç rasphttl `b `fnukh clrih ba nliukan`zalkh.

R`fa aknhrthzzh sa ravhrdhr`kl suff` qu`facan`zalkh, ak thriaka ba fanhatç, bhf nliplrtìhktl bhf b`tlrh ba f`vlrl nmhakthkb` `pprhkbhrh af nlkthkutl ba ihssòoa akva`ta `ff'akbarazzl ba plst` hfhttrlkan` us`tl b`f f`vlr`tlrh (plst` "ak hktr`t`")l ba quhffa akva`ta b` quhst'uftail (plst` "ak usnat`").

Á quakba p`rtanlf`rihkth lpplrtukl nmh sa ̀ blttakl ̀ nnlroaihkta ̀ knmh phr prhvhkarh hvhktu`fa tr`ttìhkta ak valf`zalkhbha praknapa ba phrtakhkz` h klk hnnhbhkz`. â tr`tt` ba slfuzalka nmh plsslkl rasuft`rh utafa phr nlkthiphr`rh fh hsaohkzh

ba lrbak`tl svlfoaihktl bhff'`ttavatç f`vlr`tav` nlk f` prhvhkzalkh ba akutafa aktrusalka khff` schr` phrslk`fh bha f`vlr`tlra,klknmá valf`zalka bhff` basnapfak` suff'hvhktu`fh shorhthzz` bhff` nlrrasplkbhkz`.Ak quhstl qu`brl í lpplrtukl nmh5

- af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl rhkb` basplkadafa akbarazza ba plst` hfhttrlkan` nlkbavasa tr` pañ f`vlr`tlra (`b hshipal,akclGhkth.at, uccanalvhkbathGhkth.at, uccanalrhnfìaGslnahtç.nli, urpGhkth.at, htn.), hvhktu`fihkth `cca`kn`kblfa` quhffa akbavabu`fa (`b hshipal, i.rlssaGhkth.at, rlssaGslnahtç.nli, i`ral.rlssaGslnahtç.at ):

- af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl v`futa f` plssadafatç ba `ttraduarh `f f`vlr`tlrh uk bavhrsl akbarazzl bhstak`tl `b usl prav`tl bhff`vlr`tlrh:

- af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl ihtt` ̀ basplsazalkh ba na`snuk f`vlr`tlrh ̀ pplsath cukzalk`fatç ba sasthi`, ba ̀ ohvlfh utafazzl,nmh nlkshkt`kl ba akva`rh ùtli`tanìhkth, ak n`sl ba `sshkzh (`b hs., phr chrah l `ttavatç ba f`vlrl culra shbh),ihssòoa ba rasplst` nlkthkhkta fh "nllrbak`th" (`knmh hfhttrlkanmh l thfhclkanmh) ba uk `ftrl sloohttl l `ftrh utafa

ilb`fatç ba nlkt`ttl bhff` struttur`. Á p`raihkta lpplrtukl prhsnravhrh à f`vlr`tlra ba `vv`fhrsa ba t`fa ilb`fatç, prhvhkhkbl nlsæ f'`phrtur` bhff` plst` hfhttrlkan`. (03) Ak n`sl ba hvhktu`fa `sshkzh klk prlorìi`th (`b hs., phr i`f`tta`), qu`flr` af f`vlr`tlrh klk plss` `ttav`rh f` prlnhbur` bhsnratt` (`knmh `vv`fhkblsa ba shrvaza whd-iàf), af tatlf`rh bhf tr`ttìhktl, phrbur`kbl f'`sshkz` lftrh uk bhthriak`tl faiath thiplr`fh, pltrhddh basplrrhfhnatìhkth, shiprh nmh sa` khnhss`ral h ihba`kth phrslk`fh `pplsatìhkth akn`ran`tl (`b hs., f'ìiakastr`tlrhba sasthi` lppurh, sh prhshkth, uk akn`ran`tl `zahkb`fh phr f` prlthzalkh bha b`ta), f'`ttav`zalkh ba uk `k`flol`nnlroaihktl, `vvhrthkbl ofa akthrhss`ta:

- ak prhvasalkh bhff` plssadafatç nmh, ak n`sl ba `sshkz` aiprlvvas` l prlfuko`t` h phr aiprlrlo`dafa khnhssatçfho`th `ff'`ttavatç f`vlr`tav`, sa bhdd` nlklsnhrh af nlkthkutl bha ihssòoa ba plst` hfhttrlkan`, f'akthrhss`tl saìhssl ak or`bl ba bhfho`rh uk `ftrl f`vlr`tlrh (cabuna`ral) ` vhracan`rh af nlkthkutl ba ihssòoa h ` aklftr`rh `ftatlf`rh bhf tr`ttìhktl quhffa rathkuta rafhv`kta phr fl svlfoaihktl bhff'`ttavatç f`vlr`tav`. @ nur` bhf tatlf`rh bhf tr`t-

tìhktl, ba t`fh `ttavatç blvrhddh hsshrh rhb`ttl `pplsatl vhrd`fh h akclri`tl af f`vlr`tlrh akthrhss`tl `ff` prai`lnn`salkh utafh:

- a ihssòoa ba plst` hfhttrlkan` nlkthko`kl uk `vvhrtaihktl à bhstak`t`ra khf qu`fh sa` banma`r`t` f'hvhktu`fhk`tur` klk phrslk`fh bha ihssòoa sthssa, prhnas`kbl sh fh rasplsth pltr`kkl hsshrh nlklsnauth khff'lro`kazz`-zalkh ba `pp`rthkhkz` bhf iatthkth h nlk hvhktu`fh rakval `ff` prhbhtt` plfany b`tlra`fh.


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Rhstl basplkadafh su fanhkz` Nrh`tavh Nliilks - mttp5//nrh`tavhnliilks.lro/fanhkshs/dy-kn-kb/4.8/bhhb.at 4= / >0

3. Whrtakhkz` h klk hnnhbhkz`

3.0. Or`bu`zalkh bha nlktrlffa

Khff'hcchttu`rh nlktrlffa suff'usl bhofa struihkta hfhttrlkana bhvh hsshrh hvat`t` uk'akthrchrhkz` akoaustacan`t` sua baratta hsuffh fadhrtç clkbìhkt`fa ba f`vlr`tlra, nlih purh ba sloohtta hsthrka nmh ranhvlkl l akva`kl nliukan`zalka hfhttrlkanmh bak`tur` phrslk`fh l prav`t`.

F'hvhktu`fh nlktrlffl í fhnatl slfl sh slkl rasphtt`ta a praknapa ba phrtakhkz` h klk hnnhbhkz`.

Khf n`sl ak nua uk hvhktl b`kklsl l uk` satu`zalkh ba phranlfl klk sa` st`tl aiphbatl nlk prhvhktava `nnlroaihktathnkana, af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl puô `bltt`rh hvhktu`fa iasurh nmh nlkshkt`kl f` vhracan` ba nliplrtìhkta `kli`fa.

Bhvh hsshrh phr qu`ktl plssadafh prhchratl uk nlktrlffl prhfaiak`rh su b`ta ̀ oorho`ta, rachrata ̀ ff'akthr` struttur` f`vlr`tav`l ` suh `rhh.

Af nlktrlffl ̀ klkail puô nlknfubhrsa nlk uk ̀ vvasl ohkhr`fazz`tl rhf`tavl ̀ b uk rafhv`tl utafazzl ̀ kli`fl bhofa struihkta`zahkb`fa h nlk f'akvatl `b `tthkhrsa snruplflsìhkth ` nlipata `sshok`ta h astruzalka aip`rtath. F'`vvasl puô hsshrh narnl-snrattl ` baphkbhkta `cchrhkta `ff'`rh` l shttlrh ak nua í st`t` rafhv`t` f'`kli`fa`. Ak `sshkz` ba sunnhssavh `kli`fah klk íba rholf` oaustacan`tl hcchttu`rh nlktrlffa su d`sh akbavabu`fh.

S` hsnfus` f'ìiassadafatç ba nlktrlffa prlfuko`ta, nlst`kta l akbasnraiak`ta.

3.4. Nlkshrv`zalkh

A sasthia slctw`rh bhvlkl hsshrh prlorìi`ta h nlkcaour`ta ak ilbl b` n`knhff`rh phralbanìhkth hb ̀ utli`tanìhkth(`ttr`vhrsl prlnhburh ba slvr`rhoastr`zalkh nlih, `b hshipal, f` nb. rlt`zalkh bha flo cafh ) a b`ta phrslk`fa rhf`tava òfa`nnhssa `b Akthrkht h `f tr`ccanl thfhi`tanl, f` nua nlkshrv`zalkh klk sa` khnhss`ra`.

Ak `sshkz` ba p`rtanlf`ra hsaohkzh thnkanmh l ba sanurhzz`, f` nlkshrv`zalkh thiplr`kh` bha b`ta rhf`tava `ff'usl bhofastruihkta hfhttrlkana bhvh hsshrh oaustacan`t` b` uk` cak`fatç sphnacan` h nliprlv`t` h faiat`t` `f thipl khnhss`ral „h prhbhthriak`tl „ ` ròoaukohrf` (v. `rt. 00, nlii` 0, fhtt. h), bhf Nlbanh ).

Xk hvhktu`fh prlfukoìhktl bha thipa ba nlkshrv`zalkh v` v`fut`tl nlih hnnhzalk`fh h puô `vhr fulol slfl ak rhf`-zalkh5

- `b hsaohkzh thnkanmh l ba sanurhzz` bhf tuttl p`rtanlf`ra:

- `ff'akbasphks`dafatç bhf b`tl rasphttl `ff'hshrnazal l `ff` bachs` ba uk barattl ak shbh oaubaza`ra`:

- `ff'lddfaol ba nustlbarh l nlkshok`rh a b`ta phr ltthiphr`rh `b uk` sphnacan` ranmahst` bhff'ùtlratç oaubaza`ra` l

bhff` plfaza` oaubaza`ra`.Ak quhsta n`sa, af tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa (thkhkbl nlktl, nlk raou`rbl à b`ta shksadafa, bhffh prhsnrazalka nlkthkuth

khffh ùtlrazz`zalka ohkhr`fa kk. 0/4778 h 8/4778 `bltt`th b`f O`r`kth) bhvh hsshrh faiat`tl `ffh slfh akclri`zalka akba-sphks`dafa phr phrshouarh cak`fatç prhvhktavìhkth bhthriak`th hb hsshrh hcchttu`tl nlk floanmh h clrih ba lro`kazz`zalkhstrhttìhkth nlrrhf`th òfa lddfaoma, nlipata h cak`fatç oaç hspfanat`ta.

?. Wrhsupplsta ba fanhatç bhf tr`ttìhktl5 daf`knaìhktl ba akthrhssa

?.0. B`tlra ba f`vlrl prav`ta

A b`tlra ba f`vlrl prav`ta h ofa hkta puddfana hnlkliana, sh ranlrrlkl a prhsupplsta slpr` akban`ta (v., ak p`rtanlf`rh, `rt. 2,shnlkbl nlii`, bhffl ^t`tutl ), plsslkl hcchttu`rh fhnatìhkth af tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa bavhrsa b` quhffa shksadafa.

Naô, puô `vvhkarh5

`) sh ranlrrlkl ofa hstrhia bhf fhoattail hshrnazal ba uk barattl ak shbh oaubaza`ra` (`rt. 42, nlii` 0, fhtt. c) bhf Nlbanh ):

d) ak n`sl ba v`fab` i`kachst`zalkh ba uk fadhrl nlkshksl:

n) `knmh ak `sshkz` bhf nlkshksl, i` phr hcchttl bhf prhshkth prlvvhbaihktl nmh akbavabu` uk fhoattail akthrhssh`f tr`ttìhktl ak `ppfan`zalkh bhff` basnapfak` suf n.b. daf`knaìhktl ba akthrhssa (`rt. 42, nlii` 0, fhtt. o), bhf Nlbanh ).

Whr t`fh daf`knaìhktl sa í thkutl nlktl bhffh o`r`kzah nmh fl ^t`tutl prhvhbh phr af nlktrlffl "akbarhttl" ` bast`kz` prhsupplkhkbl klk af nlkshksl bhofa akthrhss`ta, i` uk `nnlrbl nlk fh r`pprhshkt`kzh sakb`n`fa (l, ak bachttl, f'ùtlraz-z`zalkh ba uk lro`kl phrachranl bhff'ìiakastr`zalkh bhf f`vlrl).

F'hvhktu`fh tr`ttìhktl ba b`ta shksadafa í nlkshktatl nlk af nlkshksl bhofa akthrhss`ta l, shkz` af nlkshksl, kha n`sa prhvasta b`f Nlbanh (ak p`rtanlf`rh, hshrnazal ba uk barattl ak shbh oaubaza`ra`, s`fvòu`rba` bhff` vat` l aknlfuiatç casan`:sphnacana lddfaoma ba fhooh `knmh ak n`sl ba akbòakh oaubaza`ra`5 `rt. 43).

?.4. B`tlra ba f`vlrl puddfanaWhr qu`ktl raou`rb` a sloohtta puddfana rhst`kl chria a bacchrhkta prhsupplsta prhvasta b`f Nlbanh ` shnlkb` bhff` k`tur`

bha b`ta, shksadafa l ihkl (`rtt. 0=-44 h 004 ).Ak tutta a n`sa prhbhtta rhst` aiprhoauban`t` f` c`nlftç bhf f`vlr`tlrh ba lpplrsa `f tr`ttìhktl phr iltava fhoattaia (`rt. ?,

nlii` 2, fhtt. `), bhf Nlbanh ).







=. Akbavabu`zalkh bha sloohtta prhplsta

Af b`tlrh ba f`vlrl puô rathkhrh utafh f` bhsaok`zalkh (c`nlft`tav`), sphnah ak strutturh `rtanlf`th, ba ukl l pañ rhsplks`dafabhf tr`ttìhktl nua aip`rtarh prhnash astruzalka suf tapl ba nlktrlffa ìihssa h suffh rhf`tavh ilb`fatç (`rt. 41 bhf Nlbanh).

Khf n`sl ba hvhktu`fa akthrvhkta phr hsaohkzh ba i`kuthkzalkh bhf sasthi`, v` plst` lpplrtuk` nur` khf prhvhkarhf'`nnhssl ` b`ta phrslk`fa prhshkta ak n`rthffh l sp`za ba ihilra` `sshok`ta ` baphkbhkta.

Thst` chril f'lddfaol bha sloohtta prhplsta `f nlkkhssl tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta (ak p`rtanlf`rh, ofa akn`ran`ta bhff` i`kuthk-

zalkh) ba svlfohrh slfl lphr`zalka strhttìhkth khnhss`rah `f phrshouaihktl bhffh rhf`tavh cak`fatç, shkz` rh`fazz`rh `ttavatçba nlktrlffl ` bast`kz`, `knmh ba prlpra` akaza`tav`.

Thst` p`raihkta chri` f` khnhssatç nmh, khff 'akbavabu`rh rholfh ba nlkbltt` bha sloohtta nmh lphr`kl qu`fa ìiakastr`tlraba sasthi` l caourh `k`flomh nua sa`kl raihssh lphr`zalka nlkkhssh `f rholf`rh cukzalkìhktl bha sasthia, sa` svlftùk'`ttavatç clri`tav` sua prlcafa thnkanl-ohstalk`fa h ba sanurhzz` bhffh rhta, sua praknapa ba prlthzalkh bha b`ta phrslk`fa h sufshorhtl khffh nliukan`zalka (ncr. @ffho`tl D) `f Nlbanh, rholf` k. 01.3: W`rhrh k. =/4770 nat., puktl 1)º.

Ak ròalkh ba naô af O`r`kth5

« 0) prhsnravh à b`tlra ba f`vlrl prav`ta h puddfana, à shksa bhff'`rt. 082, nlii` 0, fhtt. n), bhf Nlbanh, ba `bltt`rh fìasur` khnhss`ra` ` o`r`kza` bhofa akthrhss`ta, kha thriaka ba nua ak iltav`zalkh, raou`rb`kth f'lkhrh ba sphnacan`rh fh il-

b`fatç ba utafazzl bhff` plst` hfhttrlkan` h bhff` rhth Akthrkht b` p`rth bha f`vlr`tlra (puktl >.0.), akban`kbl nma`rìhkth fhilb`fatç ba usl bhofa struihkta ihssa ` basplsazalkh h sh, ak nmh iasur` h nlk qu`fa ilb`fatç vhko`kl hcchttu`ta nlktrlffa:

4) akban` aklftrh, à ihbhsaia b`tlra ba f`vlrl, fh shouhkta fakhh ouab` ` o`r`kza` bhofa akthrhss`ta, kha thriaka ba nua akiltav`zalkh, phr naô nmh raou`rb`5

`) f'`blzalkh h f` puddfanazz`zalkh ba uk basnapfak`rh akthrkl (puktl >.4.):

d) f'`blzalkh ba iasurh ba tapl lro`kazz`tavl (puktl 8.4.) `ccaknmá, shok`tìhkth5

sa prlnhb` `b uk'`tthkt` v`fut`zalkh bhff'aip`ttl sua baratta bha f`vlr`tlra:

sa akbavabua prhvhktavìhkth (`knmh phr taplfloah) ` qu`fa f`vlr`tlra í `nnlrb`tl f'utafazzl bhff` plst` hfhttrlkan` hbhff'`nnhssl ` Akthrkht:

sa akbavabua qu`fh udan`zalkh í rashrv`t` `ffh plst`zalka ba f`vlrl phr raburrh af rasnmal ba aipahoma `dusava:

n) f'`blzalkh ba iasurh ba tapl thnklfloanl, h shok`tìhkth5A. rasphttl `ff` "k`vao`zalkh" ak Akthrkht (puktl 8.4., `)5

f'akbavabu`zalkh ba n`tholrah ba sata nlksabhr`ta nlrrhf`ta l klk nlrrhf`ta nlk f` prhst`zalkh f`vlr`tav`:

f` nlkcaour`zalkh ba sasthia l f'utafazzl ba caftra nmh prhvhko`kl bhthriak`th lphr`zalka:

af tr`ttìhktl ba b`ta ak clri` `klkai` l t`fh b` prhnfubhrh f'aiihba`t` abhktacan`zalkh bhofa uthkta ihba`kthlpplrtukh òorho`zalka:

f'hvhktu`fh nlkshrv`zalkh ba b`ta phr af thipl strhttìhkth faiat`tl `f phrshouaihktl ba cak`fatç lro`kazz`tavh, prlbuttavh h ba sanurhzz`:

f` or`bu`zalkh bha nlktrlffa (puktl 3.0.):

AA. rasphttl `ff'utafazzl bhff` plst` hfhttrlkan` (puktl 8.4., d)5

f` ihss` ` basplsazalkh ba akbarazza ba plst` hfhttrlkan` nlkbavasa tr` pañ f`vlr`tlra, hvhktu`fihkth `cca`kn`k-blfa ` quhffa akbavabu`fa:

f'hvhktu`fh `ttraduzalkh `f f`vlr`tlrh ba uk bavhrsl akbarazzl bhstak`tl `b usl prav`tl:

f` ihss` ` basplsazalkh ba na`snuk f`vlr`tlrh, nlk ilb`fatç ba òhvlfh hshnuzalkh, ba `pplsath cukzalk`fatçba sasthi` nmh nlkshkt`kl ba akva`rh ùtli`tanìhkth, ak n`sl ba `sshkzh prlorìi`th, ihssòoa ba rasplst` nmh nlk-thko`kl fh "nllrbak`th" ba `ftrl sloohttl l `ftrh utafa ilb`fatç ba nlkt`ttl bhff'astatuzalkh prhssl f` qu`fh lphr` af f`vlr`tlrh`sshkth:

nlkshktarh nmh, qu`flr` sa bhdd` nlklsnhrh af nlkthkutl bha ihssòoa ba plst` hfhttrlkan` ak n`sl ba ̀ sshkzàiprlvvas` l prlfuko`t` h phr aiprlrlo`dafa khnhssatç fho`th `ff'`ttavatç f`vlr`tav`, f'akthrhss`tl sa` ihssl ak or`bl ba bh-fho`rh uk `ftrl f`vlr`tlrh (cabuna`ral) ` vhracan`rh af nlkthkutl ba ihssòoa h ` aklftr`rh `f tatlf`rh bhf tr`ttìhktl quhffarathkuta rafhv`kta phr fl svlfoaihktl bhff'`ttavatç f`vlr`tav`. Ba t`fh `ttavatç blvrhddh hsshrh rhb`ttl `pplsatl vhrd`fh h akclr-

i`tl af f`vlr`tlrh akthrhss`tl `ff` prai` lnn`salkh utafh:f'akshrzalkh kha ihssòoa ba uk `vvhrtaihktl à bhstak`t`ra khf qu`fh sa` banma`r`t` f'hvhktu`fh k`tur` klk

phrslk`fh bhf ihssòoal h sa` sphnacan`tl sh fh rasplsth pltr`kkl hsshrh nlklsnauth khff'lro`kazz`zalkh ba `pp`rthkhkz`bhf iatthkth:






Rhstl basplkadafh su fanhkz` Nrh`tavh Nliilks - mttp5//nrh`tavhnliilks.lro/fanhkshs/dy-kn-kb/4.8/bhhb.at >7 / >0

f` or`bu`zalkh bha nlktrlffa (puktl 3.0.):

>) vaht` ̀ a b`tlra ba f`vlrl prav`ta h puddfana, ̀ a shksa bhff'`rt. 082, nlii` 0, fhtt. b), bhf Nlbanh, ba hcchttu`rh tr`ttìhktaba b`ta phrslk`fa ihba`kth sasthia m`rbw`rh h slctw`rh nmh iar`kl `f nlktrlffl ` bast`kz` ba f`vlr`tlra (puktl 2), svlfta ak p`rtanlf`rh ihba`kth5

`) f` fhttur` h f` rhoastr`zalkh sasthi`tan` bha ihssòoa ba plst` hfhttrlkan` lvvhrl bha rhf`tava b`ta hsthralra, `f bafç ba qu`ktl thnkanìhkth khnhss`ral phr svlfohrh af shrvazal h-iàf:

d) f` raprlbuzalkh h f'hvhktu`fh ihilrazz`zalkh sasthi`tan` bhffh pòakh whd vasu`fazz`th b`f f`vlr`tlrh:n) f` fhttur` h f` rhoastr`zalkh bha n`r`tthra akshrata trìath f` t`stahr` l `k`flol basplsatavl:

b) f'`k`fasa lnnuft` ba nliputhr plrt`tafa `ccab`ta ak usl:

2) akbavabu`, à shksa bhff'`rt. 42, nlii` 0, fhtt. o), bhf Nlbanh, kha thriaka ba nua ak iltav`zalkh (puktl ?), a n`sa khaqu`fa af tr`ttìhktl bha b`ta phrslk`fa ba k`tur` klk shksadafh plsslkl hsshrh hcchttu`ta phr phrshouarh uk fhoattail akthrhsshbhf b`tlrh ba f`vlrl `knmh shkz` af nlkshksl bhofa akthrhss`ta:

8) basplkh nmh nlpa` bhf prhshkth prlvvhbaihktl sa` tr`sihss` `f Iakasthrl bhff` oaustaza`-Xccanal puddfan`zalkhfhooa h bhnrhta, phr f` su` puddfan`zalkh suff` O`zzhtt` Xccana`fh bhff` Thpuddfan` at`fa`k` à shksa bhff'`rt. 02>, nlii` 4,bhf Nlbanhº





; Wraknap`fa rachraihkta ;

?.- Wraknap`fa rachraihkta

Lfisth`b ht `f. v. Xkathb ^t`ths: Orhhk ht `f. v. Xkathb ^t`ths: InAkkas v. Xkathb ^t`ths, 4?? (ûprhih Nlurt lc tmh Xkathb^t`ths 014=)

Nm`rfhs J`tz v. Xkathb ^t`ths, >=1 (ûprhih Nlurt lc tmh Xkathb ^t`ths 013?)

Jyffl v. Xkathb ^t`ths, 8>> (ûprhih Nlurt lc tmh Xkathb ^t`ths 4770)

C@XFJKHT, _AFFA@I, Wrav`ny. Af slokl @ihran`kl5 nmh kh í st`tl<, ` nur` ba I`ral I`thr`ssa h Wahrl Dlat`ka, Iaf`kl5@bhfpma (Wannlf` dadfalthn` @bhfpma: 211) 477>.

O@EB@, @IQ, _m`t ac ^ìuhf B. _`rrhk m`bk‑t i`rrahb ` shk`tlr‑s bùomthr<, ak «Ianmao`k ^t`th F`w Thvahwº >8 (477=).

M@IDTABOH, ^. h @. FXKBH, TCN 43>8. BLK‑R ^WH_. @ ^ht lc Ouabhfakhs clr I`ss Xkslfanathb Iàfakos `kb Wlstakos(spì*)5 Akthrkht ^lnahty, 0111.

IAT@DHFFA, OAX^HWWH, Fh plsazalka sloohttavh khff‑hf`dlr`zalkh hfhttrlkan` bha b`ta phrslk`fa , ak «Barattl bhff‑akclri z̀alkhh bhff'akclri`tan`º, k. 4 (477>), pp. >0>->>7.

^NMIAB, OHTM@TB Thf`zalkh suff‑hsasthkz` ba uk sasthi` b'akthrnhtt`zalkh ofld`fh phr fh nliukan`zalka prav`th hbhnlklianmh (sasthi` b'akthrnhtt`zalkh HNMHFLK)5 W`rfìhktl Hurlphl, 4770, 4770/471= (AKA).

_@TTHK, ^@IXHF B. h FLXA^ B. DT@KBHA^, Rmh Taomt tl Wrav`ny , ak «M`rv`rb F`w Thvahwº 2, k. 8 (0=17), pp. 01>-447.

_H^RAK, @F@K C., ^lna`f `kb Wlfatan`f Baihksalks lc Wrav`ny , ak «Elurk`f lc ^lna`f Assuhsº 81, k. 4 (477>), pp. 2>0-28>.

07 2013 2014 comunicazione “molti” -> 1: privacy, riservatezza, dati personali

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