Organised by

INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY KOCHI CHAPTER&

COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Edited by

Dr. Dipak Kumar SahooDr. T.G. Santhosh Kumar

Dr. Benny Mathews AbrahamDr. Babu T. Jose

Proceedings of the

Indian Geotechnical ConferenceIGC – 2011

GEOCHALLENGES

December 15-17, 2011

Kochi, Kerala, India

Volume - I

Golden Jubilee

Kochi Chapter

Copyright © Indian Geotechnical Society, Kochi Chapter, 2011

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission.

First published: 2011

Publishers: Indian Geotechnical Society, Kochi Chapter, Kochi,

Kerala, India.

Printed at Kochi

Matha Offset Printers, Power House Road, Kochi-18

The proceedings in this volume are meant for research and academic purposes. The authors of the papers in this volume have declared the originality of their contributions and affirmed that their works

do not contain materials whose publication would violate any copyright, trademark, intellectual

property rights or other personal or proprietary rights of any private person or entity or governmental or quasi-governmental entity. In addition, the authors have declared that the papers have been

submitted only to IGC 2011 and that those have neither been published nor have they been under

consideration for publication or in press anywhere else. Having thus exercised all reasonable care against infringement/violation of copyright or intellectual property right, the organizers do not accept

any responsibility or liability of claim for damages in these regards. The statements and opinions

expressed in the papers in this volume are purely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editors and the organizers of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2011. Any mention of

the name of any company or the trade name of any product or process does not imply endorsement by

the Conference organizers. Errors/omissions, if any, are unintentional and regretted.

ii

iii

The Indian Geotechnical Society, Kochi Chapter fondly remembers its Founder

Vice Chairman Late Shri Praphulla Kumar, who was also a Vice Chairman of the

Golden Jubilee Indian Geotechnical Conference 2011 till his sad untimely demise

on 26 September 2011. He was the Founder Chairman and Managing Director of

GeoFoundations and Structures Pvt. Ltd, Kochi, a Life member of the Indian Roads

Congress (IRC) and the Kerala State Chairman of the Builders Association of

India (BAI) during 2009-10. He was the Organizing Secretary of the 22nd All

India Builders’ Convention 2006 (BAI NATCON) at Cochin and a member of many

more subsequent National Level endeavours of BAI. The IGC 2011 bids tearful

adieu to this stalwart who had graduated in Civil Engineering from the erstwhile

University of Roorkee and contributed immensely to the training, education and

practice of geotechnical engineering in the country.

May his soul rest in peace.

Shri Praphulla Kumar(1955 – 2011)

Advisory Committee

Dr. K. S. Rao, President, IGS

Dr. Chandan Ghosh, Hon. Secy, IGS

Dr. A. Sridharan

Dr. T. Ramamurthy

Dr. Nitin N. Som

Dr. G. V. Rao

Dr. M. R. Madhav

Dr. A. V. Shroff

Dr. V. M. Sharma

Er. Mahavir Bidasaria

Dr. S. Narasimha Rao

Dr. G. Venkatachalam

Dr. G. N. Gandhi

Dr. P. V. Sivapullaiah

Dr. S. R. Gandhi

Dr. K. Rajagopal

Dr. (Ms.) J. Letha

Dr. A. Verghese Chummar

Dr. B. R. Srinivasa Murthy

Organising Committee

Chairman

Dr. Babu T. Jose

Vice Chairmen

Sri M. D. Nair & Sri M. M. Mohandas

Organising Secretary

Dr. Benny Mathews Abraham

Joint Organising Secretaries

Sri Anil Joseph & Sri Manoj Mathew

Members

Sri T. K. Alexander Vaidyan

Sri Alok Alexander

Dr. K. Balan

Dr. K. S. Beena

Sri Biji Stephen

Smt. Bindu Sunil

Sri A.V.S. Chakravarthi

Dr. S. Chandrakaran

Sri B. Chandramohan

Dr. Dipak Kumar Sahoo

Sri Gibu Mathew

Sri Jayakrishnan Menon

Sri Jim Devassia

Dr. Jimmy Thomas

Sri Joe Mathew

Sri Joseph V. J.

Sri Martin Kuruvilla

Sri T. K. Mathew

Sri P. C. Paul

Sri Reji Cherian

Sri. Reji Zacharia

Dr. Roy M. Thomas

Sri P. R. Sahasranaman

Dr. Santhosh Kumar T. G.

Sri Santhosh Sebastian Antony

Sri Shaji Mathews

Dr. Sobha Cyrus

Sri Suresh S.

Technical Committee

Dr. Babu T. Jose, Chairman

Sri. M. D. Nair

Dr. Benny Mathews Abraham

Dr. K. Balan

Dr. K. S. Beena

Dr. S. Chandrakaran

Dr. Dipak Kumar Sahoo

Sri. Reji Zacharia

Dr. Santhosh Kumar T. G.

Dr. Sobha Cyrus

v

IGC 2011 is grateful to its Panel of Reviewers

Dr. A. Sridharan (Chairman)

1. Dr. A. Rajagopal 33. Dr. Muvvala Rama Rao

2. Dr. Ajjarapu Sreerama Rao 34. Dr. N. C. Shah

3. Dr. Anand Katti 35. Dr. N. K. Samadhiya

4. Dr. Ashish Juneja 36. Dr. P. V. Sivapullaiah

5. Dr. B. K. Maheswari 37. Dr. Padmavathi, V.

6. Dr. B.V.S. Viswanadham 38. Dr. Prabhu Ullagaddi

7. Dr. Babak Hamidi 39. Dr. Prabir K. Basudhar

8. Dr. C. N. V. Satyanarayana Reddy 40. Dr. Preeti Maheshwari

9. Dr. D. L. Shah 41. Dr. R. Kuberan

10. Dr. Dali Naidu Arnepalli 42. Dr. R. Shivashankar

11. Dr. Dasaka S. Murty 43. Dr. R.Ayothiraman

12. Dr. Deepankar Chaudhury 44. Dr. R.K. Srivastava

13. Dr. Devendra Narain Singh 45. Dr. Ramendu Bikas Sahu

14. Dr. G. L. Sivakumar Babu 46. Dr. Robinson R. G.

15. Dr. G. R. Dodagoudar 47. Dr. S. K. Prasad

16. Dr. G. Ramaswamy 48. Dr. S. Narasimha Rao

17. Dr. G. Venkatachalam 49. Dr. S. P. Dasgupta

18. Dr. G. Venkatappa Rao 50. Dr. S. R. Gandhi

19. Dr. H. N. Ramesh 51. Dr. S.Chandrakaran

20. Dr. Ilamparuthy Kanniappan 52. Dr. S. V. Ramaswamy

21. Dr. J. N. Mandal 53. Dr. Sarat Kumar Das

22. Dr. J. S. Vinod 54. Dr. Satyendra Mittal

23. Dr. J. T. Shahu 55. Dr. Sheela Evangeline Y.

24. Dr. Jagadanand Jha 56. Dr. Sreedeep S.

25. Dr. Jean-Pierre Gourc 57. Dr. Subhadeep Banerjee

26. Dr. K. Nagendra Prasad 58. Dr. Sudip Basack

27. Dr. K. Prakash 59. Dr. T. Ramamurthy

28. Dr. K. Rajagopal 60. Dr. V. Balakumar

29. Dr. Krishan Gopal Sharma 61. Dr. V. M. Sharma

30. Dr. M. D. Desai 62. Dr. Vinod P.

31. Dr. M. R. Samal 63. Dr. Vijay K. Puri

32. Dr. Madhavi Latha Gali 64. Dr. Yeon-Soo Jang

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vii

Preface

Indian Geotechnical Conference 2011 is being jointly organized by IGS Kochi Chapter and Cochin

University of Science and Technology.

The Indian Geotechnical Society which was established in 1948 has been conducting annual

conferences regularly and IGC -2011 is the 50th

annual conference and as such, this happens to be the

“Golden Jubilee Conference” which should be make all of us reminisce the glorious past. Let us

remember with gratitude the contributions made by our predecessors who nurtured our society to its

present stature of recognition and reverence at international level.

The present conference has been titled “Geochallenges” to recognize the numerous challenges faced

by the geotechnical community in present times. The main theme and sub themes are presented below.

Main theme: Soft clay engineering

Sub themes: Developments in geotechnical laboratory testing

Field investigations in difficult sub-soil conditions

Marine Geotechnology

Foundations in problematic soils

NDT and rehabilitation of foundations of old structures

Earthquake engineering

Field instrumentation and monitoring

Innovations in ground improvement

Geosynthetics with natural and synthetic fibres

Deep Excavations, Earth retaining Structures, Landslides and Slope Stability

Environmental Geotechnics

Remote sensing and GIS applications in geotechnical engineering

Numerical and physical modelling

Rock engineering, tunnelling and underground construction

Case studies in geotechnical engineering

The proceedings contain 254 papers and 14 invited talks from eminent people. We received 381

abstracts and after two stages of professional scrutiny and vetting, the final 254 papers were selected.

The organizing committee remembers with gratitude the contribution made by a large number of

senior academicians, foundation engineers and research workers from India and abroad, whose papers

are presented in the proceedings. The untiring efforts put in by Dr. D.K.Sahoo, Dr. Benny Mathews

vii

Abraham and Dr. T. G. Santhosh Kumar to achieve this herculean task, perhaps for the first time, are

highly commendable. Efforts put in by 65 reviewers from India and abroad are gratefully

acknowledge.

The major contribution to the success of a conference of this type is from the authors of the technical

papers and the eminent people who kindly accepted our invitation, to address the delegates. The

organizing committee places on record our deep sense of gratitude.

I take this opportunity to record deep appreciation and gratitude for the enormous contribution by all

the members of the organizing committee and sub- committees which made the conference possible.

M/s Matha Printers have done a great job in bringing at the proceedings in time which is gratefully

acknowledged.

We fervently hope that the papers will make significant contributions to enhance the erudition of the

geotechnical community and the deliberations will enlighten the participants.

Dr. Babu T.Jose

Chairman

viii

CONTENTS

Volume - I

Preface

INVITED PAPERS

1 Validation and strategy of early warning instrument for mitigation of precipitation-induced

slope failure

Ikuo Towhata, Taro Uchimura, Ling Wan & Jianping Qiao

3

2 Geotechnical construction of piling foundations on problematical soil ground of Kazakhstan

A. Zhussupbekov, R. Lukpanov & A. Tulebekova

7

3 Strength and deformation behavior of jointed rockmass under polyaxial stress state

K.S. Rao & R.P. Tiwari

15

4 Case study of ground excavation failure in Korea

Y.S. Jang, S.M. Shin, D. Y. Kim& E. C. Shin

25

5 Dynamic earth pressure against retaining walls

Vijay K. Puri & Shamsher Prakash

29

6 Consolidation of soft ground with drains with no (PVDs) and finite stiffness (granular piles)

M.R. Madhav & P. Ayub Khan

33

7 New challenge in D-runway construction of Tokyo Haneda airport

Yoichi Watabe & Takatoshi Noguchi

41

8 Some recent developments in geotechinical laboratory testing

K. Snelling, J. Sutton & J. Mendes

45

9 Deep basement excavation

S. R. Gandhi

53

10 Free energy concept of sulhate induced heave behaviour in lime stabilized soils

Sivapullaiah P. V.

57

11 Controlling internal erosion in earth dams and their foundations: case studies

A. Soroush, P. T. Shourijeh & A. Mohammadinia

64

12 Seepage induced consolidation test for the evaluation of compressibility characteristics of soft

clays

K. Prakash

72

13 Geotechnical investigations practice

H. H. Desai

78

14 Behaviour of granular materials during cyclic loading: DEM simulations

J. S. Vinod & T. G. Sitharam

82

ix

CONTRIBUTORY PAPERS

Theme-A: Developments in Geotechnical Laboratory Testing

1 Prediction of shear strength parameter for prototype quarried rockfill material based on index

properties

N.P. Honkanadavar & K.G. Sharma

93

2 Post-cyclic shear strength of sands

Ashish Juneja, Raghunandan M.E. & Deblina Chatterjee

97

3 Factors influencing complex permittivity of the soil matrix

P. S. Rao, L. S. Thakur & D. L. Shah

101

4 Effect of nano particles on properties of soil

Jumrik Taipodia, Jagori Dutta & A.K. Dey

105

5 Characterization of clean and fouled rail track ballast- model and field studies

P. Anbazhagan, T. P. Bharatha, G. Amarajeevi

109

6 On the coefficient of consolidation of compacted soils

K. Prakash, A. Sridharan & H.S. Prasanna

113

7 Flexural strength of fly ash sub-grade stabilized with lime and cement

S. Bhattacharjee & K. Bandyopadhyay

117

8 Study on the effect of change of compaction energy on shear strength of fly ash

S. Bhattacharjee & K. Bandyopadhyay

120

9 A new device to measure the flow rate during centrifuge tests

Mohammed Aslam A. K. & Ashish Juneja

124

10 Experimental appraisal of pressure cell output using modified triaxial apparatus

T. N. Dave, S. M. Dasaka

128

11 Correlation between CBR and index properties of soil

T. Datta & B.C. Chottopadyaya

131

Theme-B: Field Investigations in Difficult Sub-soil Conditions

1 Seismic refraction survey- a reliable tool for subsurface characterisation for hydropower

projects

Alex Varughese, Pankaj Kumar & Nripender Kumar

137

2 Bearing capacity ratio of soil by dynamic cone penetration test and direct shear test

T.K.Nagaraj & P.B.Ullagaddi

141

3 Estimation of the soil moisture retention curve in costal karnataka using pedotransfer function

K.Varija & P.Shwetha

145

4 On the swelling characteristics of semi arid soils of Saudi Arabia

Arif Ali Baig Moghal & Mosleh Ali Al-Shamrani

149

5 A method to predict realistic SPT resistance of expansive ch soils based on DCPT

M.D. Desai, R. M. Tailor & N. H. Desai

153

x

6 Geotechnical subsurface profiling using GPR spectral signatures – A case study

N.Muniappan, A.Hebsur, E.P.Rao & G.Venkatachalam

157

7 Cone penetration test - its important role in design and installation of offshore foundations in

soft clays

Rupam Mahanta

162

8 Geotechnical characterization of soft clays of the Godavari delta

Sanjay Gupta, Ravi Sundaram & Sorabh Gupta

166

Theme-C: Marine Geotechnology

1 Construction of passenger jetty at Mandwa using end-on method

Gautami U Gaonkar, Wilma Fernandes, Smita S. Aldonkar & Purnanand P. Savoikar

173

Theme-D: Foundations in Problematic Soils

1 Performance of footing on reinforced soil bed

M.Balamaheswari & K.Ilamparuthi

179

2 Effect of filter cake on interfacial friction – An experimental study

V. Kishor Kumar & K. Ilamparuthi

183

3 Effect of ground movement on the performance of pile foundation

K. Ilamparuthi & R.K. Madhumathi

187

4 Bearing capacity of strip footings on encapsulated granular trenches

N. Unnikrishnan, Susha Rajan & A. S. Johnson

191

5 Design of bored cast-in situ pile system in a highly varying ground profile

Sushma B.V.

195

6 Behaviour of single pile in sloping ground under static lateral load

Sivapriya S.V & S.R.Gandhi

199

7 Pile design for fixed platforms for hydrocarbon exploration in Indian offshore

Rupam Mahanta

203

8 Construction of rail connectivity from Idapalli to international container transhipment terminal

(ICTT) at Vallarpadam, Kochi

Jude Rocha, R.Anantakumar & P.S.Bansod

207

9 Performance of cushions of waste materials in heave reduction of expansive soils

M.Rama Rao, G.Sridevi & A. Sreerama Rao

211

10 Micropile technique to control heave on expansive soils

Mohammad Ali & Shaik Moin Ahmed

215

11 Performance of steel piles in dry sea sand on axial load

Ajitha Bhaskar & M. Lekshmi Chandran

219

12 Influence of fine sand content on swelling behaviour of a remoulded clay powder

B. R. Phanikumar, Supriya Dembla & A. Yatindra

222

13 Time dependent settlement of piled raft foundation

S.P. Bajad & R. B. Sahu

225

xi

14 Swelling behaviour of soils

M. Hussain & S.K. Dash

229

15 Effect of stiffness factor of granular pile reinforced ground on creep settlement

K Suresh, M R Madhav & E C Nirmala Peter

233

16 Experimental study of piled raft foundation

A.K. Singh & A.N. Singh

237

17 Behaviour of eccentrically loaded model square footing on reinforced soil: an experimental

investigation

D.M.Dewaikar K.G.Guptha & H.S.Chore

241

Theme-E: NDT and Rehabilitation of Foundations of Old Structures

1 Multi helix micropile for retrofitting of bridge foundations

Dipali P. Doshi, Atul K. Desai & Chandresh H. Solanki

247

Theme-F: Earthquake Engineering

1 Soil structure interaction of high rise structure supported by pile foundation

P. Saranya & D. Neelima Satyam

253

2 Estimation of site effects for Vijayawada city

Akhila Manne, S. Silpa Chowdary & D. Neelima Satyam

257

3 Ann based studies for liquefaction potential and settlement prediction

M. Vinoth & K. Ilamparuthi

261

4 Seismic input for Chennai using adaptive kernel method

C. K. Ramanna, P. Ragunathan & G. R. Dodagoudar

265

5 Probabilistic evaluation of seismic hazard in and around Kerala

Sreevalsa Kolathayar & T G Sitharam

269

6 Assessment of liquefaction potential for the Karnataka state using probabilistic approach

Naveen James, T.G Sitharam & K.S Vipin

273

7 Probabilistic approach for evaluating soil liquefaction considering spatial variability of soil

Vivek B. & Prishati Raychowdhury

277

8 Influence of frequency of seismic shaking on the performance of reinforced soil slopes

N. Srilatha, G. Madhavi Latha & C.G. Puttappa

281

9 Seismic analysis of earth dams

Laxmi Kanta Tripathy

285

10 Rupture based seismic hazard analysis for future seismic zonation- a case study of Coimbatore

P. Anbazhagan, Prabhu Gajawada & C. V. Smitha

289

11 Probabilistic assessment of liquefaction potential for the state of Gujarat

K.S. Vipin, T.G. Sitharam & K. Sreevalsa

293

12 Effect of cohesive soil with low plasticity on liquefaction potential of reconstituted sandy soils

G. Mahesh Kumar, B. G. Shivaprakash, B.V. Ravishankar, S.V. Dinesh & T.G. Sitharam

297

13 Dynamic response of pond ash reinforced with stone-sand columns 301

xii

M.R. Samal & Swami Saran

14 Strain localization effect on system reliability based design of bridge abutments under seismic

loading

B. Munwar Basha

305

15 Why response spectrum approach in earthquake geotechnical engineering?

Chandradhara, G. P., Nanjundaswamy, P. & Prasad, S. K.

309

16 Pushover analysis for influence of ground flexibility on seismic performance of 3-d frames

Srikanta Prasad, S., Shaik Kabeer Ahmed & Prasad, S. K

313

17 Importance of continuous variation in soil properties instead of layered idealization in seismic

response study of ground

Vijayendra, K. V, Prasad, S. K & Sitaram Nayak

317

18 Seismic design considerations for pile foundations

A. Murali Krishna, & S. Bhattacharya

321

19 Soil-structure interaction using a simplified model: parametric study

Ganesh M. Pai & B. K. Maheshwari

325

Theme-G: Field Instrumentation and Monitoring

1 Geotechnical instrumentation, monitoring and surveillance in earth dam safety programme

Amit Srivastava

331

2 Prediction of the soil-pile separation under coupled vibration

B. Manna & D. K. Baidya

335

3 Ground improvement for embankments on deep soft clay deposits along highway to ictt,

Vallarpadam port in Cochin

P. J. Rao, Pradyot Biswas, Avik Kumar Mandal, S. Sailesh & B.V. Krishna Mohan

339

4 Planning instrumentation schemes for monitoring of concrete, earth and rock-fill dams

Heman Manchanda & V.M. Sharma

343

5 Dynamic analysis of a fully instrumented embedded retaining wall: preliminary interpretation

A. Dey, C. Rainieri, C. Laorenza, G. Lanzano, M. di Tullio, D. Gargaro, D. Brigante, G.

Piccolo, G. Fabbrocino & F. Santucci de Magistris

347

Theme-H: Innovations in Ground Improvement

1 Stabilisation of marginal soil using tyre chips without and with cement modification

V. Ramana Murty & P. Hari Krishna

353

2 Performance of pre-fabricated vertical drains &pre-loading for a major construction project

R. Radhakrishnan

357

3 A review of the use of the pre-loading technique and vertical drains for soil consolidation

A.K. Bhattacharya & S. Basack

361

4 Improvement of subgrade soil with shredded waste tyre chips

Alex R. Ayothiraman & Ablish Kumar Meena

365

5 Field investigation of heave of chemically-stabilised expansive soil subgrades 369

xiii

Manchikanti Srinivas & GVR Prasada Raju

6 Innovations in ground improvement behaviour of stabilized flyash subbases

M. Anjan Kumar, D.S.V.Prasad, G.V.R. Prasada Raju, G.Radhakrishnan & D.Venkateswarlu

372

7 An experimental study of stone columns in soft soils

Kausar Ali, J.T. Shahu & K.G. Sharma

375

8 Effect of inclusion of coir fibre on the shear strength of marine clay

Bindu Sebastian, Sobha Cyrus & BabuT. Jose

379

9 Utilisation of GBS in road sub-base

G. Sridevi & A. Sreerama Rao

383

10 Strength and consolidation behaviour of lime treated red earth soil

H.N.Ramesh, K.V.ManojKrishna & M.T. Prathap Kumar

387

11 Use of laterite soil as admixture to alluvial soil for improving roadway subgrade characteristic

Tapas K. Roy, Bikash C. Chattopadhyay, Sudip K. Roy & Ambika Kuity

390

12 Effect of polypropylene fibre and lime admixture on engineering properties of expansive soil

S. Twinkle & M.K. Sayida

393

13 Compaction and strength characteristics of soil composites

Shija mol B & Sayida M K

397

14 Blast furnace slag for bulk geotechnical applications

K.V. Manjunath, L. Govindaraju & P. V. Sivapullaiah

401

15 Soil stabilization using pozzolanic materials

Ketan Bajaj, Yash Shrivastava & Vikas Pratap Singh

405

16 Behaviour of compaction sand pile and stone column in fine sand with clay

Sudheer K. V, Arvee Sujil Johnson & Unnikrishnan N

409

17 Soil stabilisation with waste materials based binder

Anil Kumar Sharma & P.V. Sivapullaiah

413

18 Swelling pressure of expansive soil stabilized using EPS geofoam

Abhay P. Shelke & Dasaka S. Murty

417

19 Consolidation of soft clay by vacuum method

G. Nithya & K. Ilamparuthi

421

20 Influence of cement on triaxial response of fly ash-admixed sand

Abhishek Bhosale, Pranjal Barman & Baleshwar Singh

425

21 Behaviour of stone column reinforced marine clay under static and cyclic loading

Yashwant A. Kolekar , Owais Shafi Mir & Dasaka S. Murty

429

22 Advances in dynamic compaction

Babak Hamidi, Hamid Nikraz & Serge Varaksin

433

23 Characterization of fine grained soils and its mitigations

Lankesh Laguri, Raghvendra Singh & Debasis Roy

437

24 Strengthening silty soil using electrokinetic grouting

L. S. Thakur, T. K. Shah, D. L. Shah & A. R. Umatt

441

xiv

25 A review on utilization of copper slag in geotechnical applications

C. Lavanya, A. Sreerama Rao & N. Darga Kumar

445

26 Rice straw reinforcement for improvement in Kuttanad clay

P.G. Greeshma, Mariamma Joseph

449

27 Innovative technique for improvement of floor system on B.C. soil using horizontal geofoam

layer

P.B. Daigavane & M.S. Pawar

453

28 Evaluation of different reinforced sub bases on expansive soil subgrade - a laboratory model

study

D S V Prasad, M Anjan Kumar, G V R Prasada Raju & V Kondayya

457

29 A model study of micropile groups subjected to lateral loading condition

Binu Sharma & Zakir Hussain

461

30 Study on cement stabilized Kuttanad clay

J. Bindu & Aswathi Ramabhadran

465

31 Behaviour of bamboo reinforced soils – state of art

Anusha R. & Emmanual C. Kindo

469

32 Strength properties of clayey silt-fly ash-cement mixtures based on laboratory testing

M. Sumesh & Baleshwar Singh

473

33 Analysis of displacements of non-homogenous granular pile in homogenous ground

B. Vidyaranya, M.R. Madhav & M. Kumar

477

34 Variation of compaction characteristics of sand randomly mixing with various natural fibers

J. Maity, B.C.Chattopadhyay & S.P.Mukherjee

481

35 Influence of diameter and spacing of stone columns on response of combined footings

Priti Maheshwari & Shubha Khatri

485

36 Soil stabilisation using raw plastic bottles

Anas Ashraf, Arya Sunil, J. Dhanya, Mariamma Joseph, Meera Varghese & M. Veena

489

37 The potential of cement stabilized gravelly soils as construction material

A.C.S.V. Prasad & C.N.V. Satyanarayana Reddy

493

38 Application and modeling of fiber reinforced soil

Kalpana Maheshwari, A. K. Desai & C. H. Solanki

497

39 Evaluation of constraint effect of DMM with varied shape and arrangement of stabilized bodies

using centrifuge model test

Hiroshi Miki, Yasuhiko Okochi & Masami Makino

501

40 Influence of wetting-drying cycles on heave behaviour of fiber-reinforced expansive soil

specimens

B. R. Phanikumar, C. Manvita & Roshni Patnaik

505

Theme-J: Geosynthetics with Natural and Synthetic Fibres

1 Effect of fibre content on California bearing ratio value of pond ash

A. K. Bera, P. K. Bhattacharya & A. Ghosh

511

xv

2 Geotechnical characterization of jute geotextile

A. K. Bera & A. Roy

515

3 Behaviour of geosynthetic reinforced sand bed under cyclic loading

M.V.S.Sreedhar & A Pradeep Kumar Goud

519

4 Strength performance of lime and sodium hydroxide treated –coir fiber reinforced soil

H.N. Ramesh, K.V. Manoj Krishna & H.V.Mamatha

523

5 Paddy straw as natural geogrids for soil reinforcement and erosion control

R. C. Katdare & S. A. Shingarey

526

6 Railway tracks on clayey subgrade reinforced with geosynthetics

L.S. Sowmiya, J.T. Shahu & K.K. Gupta

529

7 Free field liquefaction studies through shaking table tests

Renjitha Mary Varghese & Madhavi Latha

533

8 Performance of geosynthetic reinforced soil aggregate systems under cyclic loading

M. N. Asha & G. Madhavi Latha

537

9 Behaviour of geocell reinforced foundation under cyclic loading

J S Vinod, B. Indraratna & A. Moghaddam

541

10 Bearing capacity of pond ash reinforced with a non-woven geotextile

M.V.S. Sreedhar, G.Venkatappa Rao & R. Ramesh Reddy

545

11 CBR characteristics of pond ash with reinforcement in fabric and fiber forms

M.V.S.Sreedhar, Y. Srinivasa Reddy & A. Jyothi

549

12 Reinforced fly ash slope using different geosynthetics

S.Adhana & J.N. Mandal

553

13 Electrokinetic dewatering of soil using multi-filament and spun yarn conductive woven fabrics

L. S. Thakur, T. K. Shah, D. L. Shah & U. S. Thakor

557

14 Geosynthetics - An unfinished revolution and the path forward

Jimmy Thomas

561

15 Geotextile as reinforcement in flexible pavement for swelling subgrade

R. M. Tailor, M.D. Desai & N. C. Shah

565

16 Improvement in CBR values of expansive soil subgrades using geosynthetics

A.K. Choudhary, K.S. Gill & J.N. Jha

569

17 Study of rut behaviour of coir reinforced black cotton soil using wheel tracking apparatus

A. K. Raji, R. Karthika, G. R. Amruthalekshmi, Anju K. Peter & M. Mohamed Sajeer

573

18 A theoretical approach for designing geocell reinforced foundations

S. Sireesh & M. R. Madhav

577

19 Prediction of tensile strength behaviour of coir geotextiles

S. Chandrakaran & D. S. Shamla

581

20 Soil-geosynthetics interaction properties for different types of soil

Awdhesh K. C. & A. Murali Krishna

585

21 Remediation of upstream slope of an impounding reservoir using soil reinforcing technique

Amit Srivastava & G. L. Sivakumar Babu

589

xvi

22 Improving strength behaviour of a silty clay through polymer strips

B. R. Phanikumar

593

23 Wave reflection and transmission characteristics of coco logs

P. R. Prabisha, Jyothis Thomas & K. Balan

597

24 Reinforced soil mattress approach for flexible pavements over clay subgrade

C.N.V. Satyanarayana Reddy, K. Chinnapa Reddy & T. Kishore Kumar

601

25 Biodegradation of coir geotextile in tropical climatic conditions

Sibi Joy, K. Balan & P. K. Jayasree

604

26 A case study on soil bioengineering application using stitched erosion control blankets from

coir fibre

K. Balan & Sibi Joy

607

27 California bearing ratio of randomly oriented fiber reinforced clayey subgrade for rural roads

Bijayananda Mohanty, Mahipal Singh Chauhan & Satyendra Mittal

611

Author Index 615

Volume - II

Theme-K: Deep Excavations, Earth Retaining Structures, Landslides and Slope Stability

1 Stress dependent active earth pressures for high retaining walls

Umashankar Balunaini & Madhav Madhira

623

2 Role of shear keys in cantilever retaining wall

Nisha Sarath, R.Shivashankar & A.U.Ravi Shankar

627

3 Probabilistic slope stability analysis for slopes along NH-39, Nagaland

Sukumar Saha

631

4 Slope stability study for optimum design of a copper mine, Madhya pradesh, India

V.K. Singh

635

5 Effect of blast load on seismic slope stability using flac

Ritika, Kaustav Chatterjee & Deepankar Choudhury

639

6 Evaluation of a prediction model for shear strength of unsaturated soils

U. K. Das & B. D. Saikia

643

7 Stability of basal reinforced embankment on soft soils- effect of fill and soft soil thickness on

reinforcement force

V.K. Chakravarthi & K. Ramu

647

8 Probabilistic analysis of a slope stability problem

Anasua Guha Ray & Dilip Kumar Baidya

651

9 An innovative approach for study of unstable hill rock slope

R.K Panigrahi & Madhusmita Rout

655

xvii

10 Behaviour of retaining wall under static and dynamic passive earth pressure

T. Mandal, R. Jadhav, J. Tank, B. Bhagat & V.B. Deshmukh

659

11 Slope stability in unsaturated soil after rainfall infiltration

M. K. Sahis & G.Bhattacharya

663

12 Cellular reinforced fly ash retaining wall - experimental and finite element analysis

B. Ram Rathan Lal & J.N.Mandal

667

13 Analysis of retaining wall with pressure relief shelf by coulomb’s method

R. D. Padhye & P. B. Ullagaddi

671

Theme-L: Environmental Geotechnics

1 Evaluation of estimated suction-water content relationship for a locally available soil

C. Malaya, D. Abhijit & S. Sreedeep

677

2 A cost effective methodology for measuring high suction in soil

C. Malaya, V. Srikanth & S. Sreedeep

681

3 Feasibility study of jarofix waste material for road construction

A.K. Sinha, V.G. Havanagi , V.K.Arora, A.Ranjan & S. Mathur

685

4 Evaluation of gas permeability of the soil barrier under various ranges of distortion levels

S. Rajesh, J.P. Gourc & B.V.S. Viswanadham

689

5 Compressibility and permeability behaviour of plastic waste mixed sand

K.Geetha Manjari, G.Anoosha, Pawan Kumar, Sandeep Kumar Chouksey & G.L.Sivakumar

Babu

693

6 Compaction and CBR characteristics of lime stabilised pond ash

M.V.S. Sreedhar & K. Manoj

697

7 A study on tensile strength of lime-flyash stabilized illite

Ashwani Jain

700

8 Thermal characteristics of a swelling soil

Pawan K.S. & Sreedeep S.

703

9 Stress-strain behavior of fly ash compacted at different moisture contents

B.R. Phani Kumar, B.Varaprasada Rao & R.Dayakar Babu

707

10 Use of shredded tyre chips as aggregates in stone column: an experimental study

R. Ayothiraman & S. Soumya

711

11 Impact of municipal solid waste disposal on geotechnical properties of soil

H. S. Nanda, Shivaraju. R & C. Ramakrishnegowda

715

12 Importance of distribution coefficient of the soil-contaminant system for studying various geo-

environmental engineering problems

Pankaj Pathak, K. Srinivas, Kanchana Menon, K. V. Uday, B.S. Patil, Venkataramana K. & D.

N. Singh

717

13 Design and stability analysis of pond ash railway embankment

V.G.Havanagi, A.K.Sinha & S.Mathur

721

14 Geotechnical evaluation of dredged material from Dal lake as a construction material 725

xviii

B. A. Mir, P. Kumar, A. Kumar, D. Kumar, M. Kumar & M. Mazumder

15 Study on the shrinkage, swelling and strength characteristics of clay soils under different

environmental conditions

Dhanya sree, A.R. Ajitha & Y. Sheela Evangeline

729

16 Compaction characteristics of alkalis treated expansive and non expansive soil contaminated

with acids

H.N.Ramesh & S.D.Venkataraja Mohan

733

17 Control of alkali induced heave in black cotton soil using potassium and magnesium salts

P. Hari Prasad Reddy & P.V. Sivapullaiah

737

18 Piping and seepage resistance of fly ash mixed with plastic waste

J. Raja & G. L. Siva Kumar Babu

741

19 Clay mineral liner system for leachates containing organic contaminants

Vandana Sreedharan & P.V. Sivapullaiah

745

20 Experimental studies on the response of a clay barrier of landfill covers to differential

settlements

P.V Divya & B.V.S. Viswanadham

749

21 Effect of soaking on the strength behaviour of shedi soil treated with NFA

H.N. Ramesh, H.S.Nanda & K.V. Manoj Krishna

753

22 A study on properties of jerosite waste for landfill capping design

C.N.V. Satyanarayana Reddy,B. Sanghamitra & R.Vinathi Angel

755

23 Effect on fertility properties of soils under the application of solid wastes for soil stabilization

S.T. Taksande, P.P. Dahale & R.M. Dhoble

759

24 Correlation studies on liquid limit and free swell index of fly ash-stabilised expansive clay

liners

B. R. Phanikumar & M. Uma Shankar

761

25 Physico-chemical changes in soil due to sulphuric acid contamination

T. S. Umesh, H. D. Sharma, S. V. Dinesh, P.V. Sivapullaiah & Swamy.C. Basim

765

26 Geotechnical characteristics of leachate –contaminated laterite soil

Meril George & Beena K.S

769

27 Compaction and hydraulic conductivity characteristics of Indian fly ashes

Sujit Kumar Pal & Ambarish Ghosh

773

28 Migration of heavy metals through clay contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquid

S.K Singh

777

29 The effect of CaCl2 and Na2Sio3 chemicals on properties of CH soil

T. L. Ramadasu, N. Darga Kumar & G. Yesuratnam

781

30 Relative performance of local materials and industrial wastes as liner and cover

M. R. Patil, S. S. Quadri & Lakshmikantha H

785

31 Engineering properties of soil contaminated with dyeing effluent

Shivaraju.R, B.V. Ravishankar & H.S.Nanda

788

xix

Theme-M: Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Geotechnical Engineering

1 GIS for site selection for MSW landfills

Shikha Saxena & R.K Srivastava

793

2 Development of soil suitability map for geotechnical applications using GIS approach

S. Sakunthala Devi &V.K. Stalin

797

Theme-N: Numerical and Physical Modelling

1 Numerical modelling of rock slopes in Siwalik hills near Manali region: A case study

Vijayalakshmi R & D.Neelima Satyam

803

2 An analytical solution for single pile subjected to torsion

S. Basack, S. S. Sen & S. Dey

807

3 Modelling pile capacity using generalised regression neural network

Mahesh Pal

811

4 Prediction of pile cap lateral resistance using neural networks

U. K. Nath & P. J. Hazarika

815

5 Load bearing capacity of footing resting on a multilayer reinforced fly ash slope

K.S. Gill, A.K. Choudhary, J.N. Jha & S.K. Shukla

819

6 Interaction problem of circular footings on homogeneous soil deposit

V Srinivasan & Priyanka Ghosh

823

7 Evaluation of liquefaction potential of soil using genetic programming

Sarat Kumar Das & Pradyut Kumar Muduli

827

8 3D & 2D stress analysis of power house complex of VPHEP: A BEM & FEM approach

D.V. Singh, R.K. Vishnoi, Sandeep Singhal & A.K. Badoni

831

9 Numerical simulation of vertically loaded piles

B P Naveen, T G Sitharam & S Vishruth

835

10 Numerical study of footing on single layer reinforced slope

K.S. Gill, Amanpreet Kaur, A.K.Choudhary & J.N. Jha

839

11 Inverse analysis: A tool for model parameter estimation

Arindam Dey & Prabir K. Basudhar

843

12 Foundation settlement in soils subjected to high temperature gradient

S. J. Shah, V. K. Sowmya & M. N. Sandeep

847

13 Design of earthen barriers using finite difference method

Ritwik Chakraborty & Ambarish Ghosh

851

14 Dynamic analyses of soil- pile- superstructure interaction

K. Vineetha & K. Ranga Swamy

855

15 Piled raft analysis and design methodology

N. Dharmarajan & K. Ilamparuthi

859

16 Undrained response and liquefaction of beach soil under triaxial loading

K. Ranga Swamy & J. Sekhar

863

xx

17 Coupled motion of soil-pile system under dynamic loading

Debjit Bhowmik, D. K. Baidya & S. P. Dasgupta

867

18 Radial consolidation of lightly over-consolidated clays

P. Ayub Khan, M. R. Madhav & E. Saibaba Reddy

871

19 Stochastic analysis of strip footings on layered soil

P Pradeep Kumar & Priti Maheshwari

875

20 Piled-raft foundation on consolidating soft soil

Soumya Roy, Bikash Chandra Chattopadhyay & Ramendu Bikash Sahu

879

21 Lateral response of pile under indirect loading due to adjacent excavations

S. Karthigeyan & M. Samanta

883

22 A comparative study to simplify lower bound finite elements method using linear programming

for geotechnical stability problem

Paramita Bhattacharya & Jyant Kumar

887

23 Numerical modelling of pullout test for reinforcement in oblique direction

Arup Bhattacharjee, Vangla Prashanth & A. Murali Krishna

891

24 A study on deformation of the interface between sand and steel plate under shearing

Anowar Hussain Laskar & Ashim Kanti Dey

895

25 A numerical investigation of nailed vertical soil wall

using pseudo-static approach

V. Jaya & J. Annie

899

26 A review of soil constitutive models for soil structure interaction analysis

P. E. Kavitha, K. P. Narayanan & K. S. Beena

903

27 Physical model study of scouring effects on raft foundation of bridge piers

Eldho T.I. , B.V.S.Viswanadham, B.A.Vijayasree & Siva Naga Venkat N

907

28 Some studies on the behaviour of back-to-back geosynthetic reinforced soil walls

Bharat Hemant Katkar & B.V.S. Viswanadham

911

29 Some studies on seepage analysis of levees subjected to flooding

Rishabh Kumar Saran & B.V.S. Viswanadham

915

30 Numerical approach for analysis of highway flyash embankment

K. Bandyopadhyay, S. Bhattacharjee & S. Ghosh

919

31 Finite element modeling of ground - structure interaction considering non-linear response of

the ground

F. Jancy, A. Rajagopal, B. Umashankar & M. R. Madhav

923

32 An overview of fluid flow coupled discrete element method – Applications in geotechnical

engineering

T. G. Sitharam & Resmi Sebastian

927

33 Analysis of inelastic response of shallow foundations subjected to moment loading

M. Padmavathi, V. Padmavathi & M.R. Madhav

931

34 Effect of subgrade shear stiffness on oblique pullout behavior of reinforced soil

Shantanu Patra & J. T. Shahu

935

xxi

35 Numerical analysis of sand-fibre mixed granular piles

N.K.Samadhiya, Partha Basu & S.L. Baite

939

36 A total stress model for undrained cyclic behaviour of remoulded clay

Subhadeep Banerjee, Siang Huat Goh & Fook Hou Lee

943

37 Piled raft behaviour – model studies and field performance

V.Balakumar & I.V.Anirudhan

947

38 Pile subjected to lateral cyclic loading in sand

S. Basack & S. Dey

951

39 Dynamic analysis of pile group with 3-piles in series arrangement

K. B. Ladhane & V. A. Sawant

955

40 Comparative study on predicted and measured settlement of foundation

J. J. Nisha & M. Muttharam

959

Theme-P: Rock Engineering, Tunneling and Underground Constructions

1 Three dimensional analysis of storage cavern

C. P. Chakravarthy, A. Nanda & S.K. Jain

965

2 Rock engineering in ancient India

A.S. Nene

969

3 Stress distribution around the tunnel: influence of insitu stress and shape of tunnel

M. Raji & T. G. Sitharam

973

4 Rock fall analysis and application of available methods of mitigation to Saptshrungi ghat roads

R. Satavalekar & A.J.Shah

977

5 Shear behaviour of infill joint under CNS boundary condition

A.K.Shrivastava, K.S.Rao & Ganesh. W. Rathod

981

6 Stresses and strains around twin tunnels: A discrete element approach

Anitha Kumari S. D. & T. G. Sitharam

985

Theme-Q: Case Studies in Geotechnical Engineering

1 Evaluation of strength parameters of rockfill material for Pakal dul hydroelectric project,

Jammu and Kashmir – A case study

S.V. Rao, Sanjeev Bajaj & S. Dhanote

991

2 Efficacy of stone columns in flyash area – A case study

Kondapalli Bairagi, G.Murali & N.Shashanka Reddy

995

3 Failure of a 4-storey RCC building and its retrofitting with bi-layer footing foundation under

EQ zone V – A case study

Gokul K Bayan

999

4 Geotechnical characterization of foundation preparation practices in earth and rock fill dam- a

case study

Praveen Kumar Yadav, Rama Krishna Adhikari & Pratik Roy

1003

5 Landslide investigation at KM 221, NH-39 - A case study 1007

xxii

P.S. Prasad, Kishor Kumar, J. Ganesh, U.K. Guru Vittal & Sudhir Mathur

6 Foundations for retaining walls on soft clay deposits along highway to ICTT, Vallarpadam port

in Cochin

P J Rao, Pradyot Biswas, Avik Kumar Mandal & S Sailesh

1011

7 Geotechnical investigations and design of remedial measures for roads at Visakhapatnam port

area, Visakhapatnam

Kanwar Singh, P.S. Prasad, J. Ganesh, Jai Bhagwan & S. Mathur

1015

8 Ground improvement of deep soft clay layers using vibro replacement for construction of a

port and connecting highway at Kochi, India

Deepak Raj & Sridhar Valluri

1019

9 Gabion GRS wall for raising solid waste dump site at Surat - case study

Jigisha M. Vashi, M. D. Desai, A. K. Desai & C. H. Solanki

1023

10 Indian experience in construction of precast reinforced concrete arch structure

Heman Manchanda

1027

11 Settlement of a structure – A case study

Shruti Naik, Nisha P. Naik, Sumitra S. Kandolkar & R. L. Mandrekar

1031

12 Design of earthen dam in desert area: A case study

Kondapalli Bairagi & R.S.V. Roshan

1035

13 High strain dynamic pile testing practices in India – favourable situations and correlation

studies

S.S. Basarkar, Manish Kumar & Ravikiran Vaidya

1039

14 Steel pipe pile: comparative case study with API RP2A (WSD) and IS: 2911 recommended

provisions

J.C. Shukla & D.L. Shah

1043

15 Ground improvement treatment by preloading in the enlargement of Alicante port (Spain)

Roberto Rodríguez Escribano, Margarita Díaz-Toledo García, Javier Escartín García, Marta

Estefanía López Sierra & Claudio Olalla Marañón

1047

16 EPB tunnel stress-strain behaviour numerical modelling, applying different materials

constitutive models, Quejigares tunnel, Spain

Roberto Rodríguez Escribano, José Estaire Gepp, Marta Estefanía López Sierra & Juan Tebar

Molinero

1051

17 Soil investigation & foundation problems at Pune - A case study

Karra Raja Sekhar

1055

18 Underground basement construction adjoining historical monument by soil nailing – A case

study

Satyendra Mittal & N. Sweta

1058

19 Use of jute geotextiles for management of eroded hill slope

T. Sanyal, P. K. Choudhury & N. Mandal

1061

20 Investigation of a building collapse in Delhi

Chandan Ghosh

1064

21 Graviloft retaining wall: A case study

R. J. Balwan & Ajitkumar Kumbhar

1068

xxiii

Theme-R: Miscellaneous Topics

1 Geology of Allahabad (India) and assessment of recharge for sustainability

Saumya Singh & R.K.Srivastava

1073

2 Nanotechnology in civil engineering and construction: A review on state of the art and future

prospects

Amit Srivastava & Kirti Singh

1077

3 Low cost specifications for the construction of low volume roads

Kanaujia, V.K., Swami, R.K. & Sudhir Mathur

1081

4 A comparative study on performance of flexible pavement on expansive and non expansive

soils

C.S. Bhagavan Raju & G. V. R. Prasada Raju

1085

5 Synthesis of zeolites by flyash- alkali interaction

Bhagwanjee Jha, Padmakumar G. P, D. N. Singh & Kannan Iyer

1089

6 Consolidation characteristics of kaolinitic clay through radial drainage using geometrical

vertical sand drains

M.V. Shah & A.V. Shroff

1093

Theme-S: Soft Clay Engineering

1 Cyclic lateral load behaviour of single pile founded in soft clay

Sivapriya S.V. & M. Muttharam

1099

2 Consolidation testing of marine clay under an embankment

G. Radhakrishnan, M. Anjan Kumar, G.V.R. Prasada Raju, D.S.V. Prasad & D. Venkateswarlu

1103

3 Effect of soil type on electrokinetic dewatering of soft soils & slurries using conductive textile

L. S. Thakur, T. K. Shah, D. L. Shah & D. A. Vasavada

1105

4 Estimation of unconfined compressive strength of cement treated soft Indian coastal clay

A. Ghosh, M. Samanta, S. Sharma, S.K. Jain & D. Kumar

1109

5 Geotechnical constructions on soft sensitive clays: Some essential aspects and examples

Vikas Thakur

1113

6 Undrained shear strength gain with consolidation at soft and sensitive soil sites

Debasis Roy & Raghvendra Singh

1117

Author Index 1121

xxiv