1 ama precision aerobatics judges training presentation effective 2011 ama precision aerobatics...

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AMA Precision Aerobatics

JUDGES TRAINING PRESENTATIONEffective 2011

AMA Precision Aerobatics

JUDGES TRAINING PRESENTATIONEffective 2011

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SCHEMATIC MANEUVER DIAGRAMS

AMA MASTERS 4042011-12

SCHEMATIC MANEUVER DIAGRAMS

AMA MASTERS 4042011-12

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404-1 – Takeoff (U)

Downgrades: Model jumps from the ground Retouches the ground after becoming airborne Steep climb angle Gallops in elevation during climb Wings not level at any time Model does not accelerate smoothly Model passes behind the judges line, scored

zero (0) points Aborted Takeoff, (0) points

Reminders: It is not necessary for the model to

stand still on the ground with the engine running without being held before the takeoff begins.

It is also not necessary for the model to reach 2 meters in the same distance as the takeoff roll.

The takeoff should not be downgraded for wing dips caused by air turbulence unless the wings are not immediately leveled.

The lift off should be within two (2) meters of center for maximum points.

The maneuver is complete when the model is approximately two (2) meters (6-1/2 feet) off the ground..

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404-2 – Figure M, 3/4 Point Roll Up, 1/4 Roll Down (U)

Straight andlevel upright entry

Downgrades: Model does not execute prescribed pt.

rolls or ½ outside loop, (0) points Vertical tracks not vertical, 1/15 rule Vertical lines not of equal length Like Rolls not of equal length Rolls not centered in vertical lines Roll rates not the same Under/over rotation of points, 1/15 rule Stall turn pivot radius greater than 1/2

wingspan Pendulum movement after stall Bottom of outside ½ loop not at same

altitude as entry and exit ¼ loops Looping elements not of equal radius

Reminders: ½ loop is outside loop Roll direction and stall turn

direction are pilot’s choice

1/2 outsideloop

3 of 4 up shown

¼ roll downNOT shown

1/4 loop

Straight and level upright exit

1/4 loop

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404-3 - Humpty Bump with Options (2 options shown)

Reminders: Entry and exit

altitudes may be different.

Plane may push OR pull over the top

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Options: 1/4 roll up and

down or 1/2 roll up

Push or pull over top

If ¼ roll up

then ¼ roll

down

1/4 loop1/4 loop

1/2 loop

1/4 loop

If ½ roll up, no

roll down

Downgrades: Vertical tracks not vertical,

1/15 rule Rolls (as specified) not

centered in respective vertical lines

Over or under rotation of prescribed roll, 1/15 rule

Loop elements not round Loop elements not of same

radius For optional 1/4 rolls, if 1/2

loop not 90 degrees to the flight-line, 1/15 rule

OPTIONS:

1/4 rolls up and down 1/2 roll up, no roll down.

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404-4 Three Rolls Opposite (D)

Downgrades: Changes in heading (track) during rolls, 1/15

rule (in or out) Changes in altitude during rolls, 1/15 rule (up

or down) Roll rate not constant Under or over rotation of prescribed roll

elements, 1/15 rule, each infraction Hesitation between rolls not brief or of equal

length If any roll not opposite the previous roll, (0)

points! Center is inverted flight after 1-1/2 rolls

Straight and level

entryStraight and level

exit

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404-5 – Half Square Loop with Full Roll Up, Exit Inverted

Downgrades: Vertical track not vertical, 1/15 rule Corner loop segments not round and of equal

radius Prescribed roll not on middle of vertical line Over or under rotation of prescribed roll, 1/15

rule Changes in heading (track) in loop segments

or during prescribed roll, 1/15 rule Roll rate not constant

Straight and level entry

1/4loop

1/4loop

Straight and level inverted

exit

404-6 -- Reverse Cuban Eight from Top, 4/8 Point Roll First, 2/4 Point Roll Second, Exit Inverted (U)

Downgrades: ¾ Loop segments not round and of equal

radius Changes in heading (track) in loop segments

or during prescribed roll, 1/15 rule Roll elements not centered on 45 degree lines Under or over rotation of roll elements, 1/15

rule 45-degree downlines not at 45 degrees, 1/15

rule Exit altitude not the same as entry altitude

Straight and level inverted

entry1/8 Loopon Entry

3/4Loop

3/4Loop

Inverted Exit

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404-7 2/4 Point Roll, 1/2 Outside Loop, 1/2 Roll on Exit, Exit Upright

Downgrades: Changes in heading (track) during

prescribed ½ loop or during prescribed rolls, 1/15 rule

Over or under rotation of prescribed rolls, 1/15 rule

Roll rate of rolling elements not constant

One half loop not of constant radius Prescribed ½ loop not executed

immediately after prescribed roll Second prescribed roll not executed

immediately after ½ loop

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Straight and level exit

1/2 outside loop

Straight and level inverted entry

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404-8 -- Square Loop on Corner with 1/2 Rolls on Each 45 Degree Line (D)

Downgrades: All sides not at 45 degrees to horizon and

90 degrees to each other, 1/15 rule each infraction

Sides of square not same size Loop segments not round and of equal

radius Wings not level in looping and straight line

segments

! Roll direction optional


1/8loops

– entry and exit

1/4loop

1/4loop

1/4loop


Downgrades: Changes in heading (track) in loop

segments or during prescribed rolls, 1/15 rule

Prescribed rolls not centered on line segments


Roll rate not constant

450 tr

ack

45 0

track 450 tr

ack

45 0 track

404-9 -- Half Triangle Loop with 4 Point Roll on 45 Degree Upline, Exit Inverted

Downgrades: Climbing track not at 45 degrees to horizon, 1/15

rule Changes in heading (track) during prescribed

looping elements or during prescribed roll, 1/15 rule Over-under rotation of each point, 1/15 rule each

infraction Model does not hesitate after every ¼ roll Roll rate not constant Loop segments not round and of equal radius

Straight and level inverted exit3/8 inside

loop

1/8 Loop Straight and level upright entry

45 0

track

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404-10 – 45 Degree Downline, 1 Negative Snap Roll, Exit Inverted (U)


Straight and level inverted exit

45 0 track1/8loop

1/8loop

Downgrades: Loop segments not round and of equal

radius Diving track (down line) not 45 degrees,

1/15 rule Prescribed Snap Roll not centered on 45

degree line Changes in heading (track) during loop

elements, down line, 1/15 rule Large pitch/yaw displacement at

initiation of snap (small, rapid pitch required)

Over or under rotation of the snap roll, 1/15 rule

Snap not a negative snap scores zero (0)

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Downgrades: Vertical track not vertical, 1/15 rule Return path not parallel to entry path Pivot radius greater than 1/2 wingspan Pendulum movement after stall Roll rates not equal Rolling elements not centered in their

respective lines Loop segments not round or with equal

radius

404-11 -- Stall Turn, 2/4 Point Roll Up, 1/2 Roll Down, Exit Inverted

1/4 loop

Straight and level inverted entry and exit

2 of 4 pt roll up shown1/2 roll down not shown

Reminders: Rolls are centered on their

lines, not on each other Entry and exit altitudes

may be different.

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404-12 – 4/8 Point Roll, Slow Roll Reversed (D)Downgrades:


Model does not hesitate after each one-eighth roll

Roll rate not constant within each roll type Changes in altitude, 1/15 rule Changes in heading, 1/15 rule Hesitation between 4/8 and slow rolls not

brief Slow roll not approximately 2½ -3 seconds


Reminders: Center is determined by the midpoint

between the start of the four-of-eight point (4/8-pt) roll and finish of the slow roll.

Roll rates for the four-of-eight point (4/8-pt) roll and slow roll do not have to be the same


404-13 -- Humpty Bump (pull, pull, pull), 3/4 Point Roll Up, 1/4 Roll Down

Downgrades: Vertical track not vertical, 1/15 rule Loop segments not round and of equal

radius Changes in heading during loop

segments or rolls, 1/15 rule Prescribed rolls not centered in each

vertical up and down line Over or under rotation of prescribed

rolls, 1/15 rule One half inside loop not 90 degrees to

the flight line, 1/15 rule Entry and exit headings not parallel One half inside loop not an inside loop,

score is “0”

Reminders: Entry and exit altitudes may be different Rolls are centered on respective lines; may

be at different altitudes Positioning maneuver; may go either in or out.

1/4 loop


Straight and level upright entry

3 of 4 roll up shown

¼ roll down NOT shown

Downgrades: One half loops not of equal radius One half loops not completed

exactly above or below point of entry

Rolls initiated before completion of one half loops

Roll rates not constant Changes in heading during one

half loop, rolls, or lines , 1/15 rule Entry and exit not at same

altitude Under or over rotation of

prescribed roll elements, 1/15 rule

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404-14– Double Immelmann, 1/2 Roll First, Full Roll Second, Exit Inverted (U)

Straight and level inverted exit

1/2 loop

Straight and level upright entry

Reminders: Enter and exit at same

altitude. The horizontal legs, including

the roll, are equal to the diameter of the half loops.

Same as loop diameterloop

diameter

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404-15 - 45 Degree Upline, 2/4 Point Roll, 1/2 Loop (Inside or Outside), 1/2 Roll Down

Downgrades: Loop segments not round with the same

radius Climbing and diving tracks not at 45

degrees to horizon, 1/15 rule Changes in heading (track) in loop

segments or after prescribed roll, 1/15 rule

Prescribed rolls not centered in respective 45 degree lines

Roll rate not constant Over or under rotation of prescribed

rolls,1/15 rule

Reminders: Entry and exit altitudes may be different Rolls are centered on respective lines;

rolls may be at different altitudes.



1/8 loop

1/8 loop

1/2 loop

1/2 Loop at top may be inside or outside; outside shown.

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404-16 – Triangle Loop, 1/2 Rolls on 45 Degree Lines, 1-1/2 Positive Snap on Top, Exit Inverted (D)

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Straight and level entryStraight and level inverted exit

3/8 Loop 3/8 Loop

1/4 Loop

450 tr

ack45 0 track

Downgrades: Climbing and diving tracks not at 45 degrees

to horizon, 1/15 rule Horizontal track changes in altitude or

heading, 1/15 rule Loop segments not round and of equal radius Large pitch/yaw displacement at initiation of

snap (small, rapid pitch required)

Downgrades: Snap not a positive snap scores zero (0) Changes in heading (track) in loop segments

or during prescribed rolls, 1/15 rule Prescribed rolls not centered on line segments Over or under rotation of prescribed rolls, 1/15

rule Roll rate of ½ rolls not constant

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Downgrades: Entry and exit loop elements not of equal radius Vertical track not vertical, 1/15 rule Model does not execute 2 point roll. (0 points) Over or under rotation of prescribed roll, 1/15 rule Point roll not on middle of vertical line Changes in track in loop segments or during roll,

1/15 rule Roll rate not constant

404-17 - Half square loop, 2/2 pt roll up, exit upright

1/4loop

1/4loop



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404-18 - 3-Turn Spin (U)

Downgrades: Wing passes through vertical plane before nose

passes through horizontal plane (snap roll entry) – 0 pts

Model climbs or dives during entry or exit, 1/15 rule

Wings not perpendicular to flightline at end of required number of turns, 1/15 rule

Spiral dive or pure rotation around roll axis of more than one-half (1/2) turn - 0 pts

Tail of model does not inscribe a cone during rotation - 0 pts

Fuselage reaches a vertical attitude before rotation begins (simulation of stall by application of elevator) - 0 pts

The stop of rotation is judged according to the 1/15 rule; an error of more than 150 degrees - 0 pts.

Changes in heading before spin entry must be downgraded 1/15 rule

! Model shall establish a wind corrected heading (crab angle) such that model track is maintained parallel to the flight line. That heading (crab angle) should be maintained to the spin entry. As the model slows, track drift from the flight path parallel with the flight line should not be downgraded since it is in a near-stalled condition. Changes in heading (Crab angle) before spin entry should be downgraded using the 1 point per 15 degree rule.

The attitude of the model during the spin is not a judging criterion as long as the model is stalled.

Once the model has entered the spin, drift caused by the wind is not a judging criterion.


1/4 loopStraight and level exit

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Landing area:the entire

defined runway

404-19 – Landing (U)

The landing will not be downgraded if: The model rolls to a controlled stop

within 10 meters. Wing dips which are caused by air

turbulence unless they are not immediately corrected.

The pilot “slips to a landing” to handle a crosswind condition in which case a wing will be low

Displacement of the touchdown point left or right as long as the landing is in the landing zone

Landing begins when the model is approximately two (2) meters (6-1/2 feet) off the ground.

Downgrades: Model passes behind the judges line, zero (0)

points. Model impacts the runway due to lack of flare. Model bounces. Changes in track, 1/15 rule Model ends on its back, zero (0) points. Model lands outside landing zone (but still on

runway or landing area). If any undercarriage retracts or collapses before

the landing is complete, zero (0) points. Model “porpoises” and/or wanders during

approach or flare. Model lands outside the landing area or runway,

zero (0) points. Model touches down while not straight to

runway and ground track, 1/15 rule

! Landing zone is 30 m long and normally the width of the runway BUT not more than 30 M wide.

Landing zone (white) and Landing area (green) shown below.

Run

way

up

to

30

m

wid

e

30 m long

Landing zonedimensions

1 ama precision aerobatics judges training presentation effective 2011 ama precision aerobatics...

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