OTTOMAN & MUGHAL EMPIRES

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. How did the Ottomans get

their name?2. What is the Millet System?3. Who are Janissaries?4. What leader challenged the

Ottomans expansion?5. What was the new name for

the Ottoman capital?6. Why would the Ottoman

Empire decline?

RISE OF THE OTTOMAN Ghazis- 1st Ottomans were Turkish

soldiers or warriors for Islam.Escaped the Mongols1200’s Osman- would fight the Byzantines and have success.

Osman’s tribe= Ottoman’s

THE OTTOMAN BUREAUCRACY

SULTAN

Divans

Social / MilitaryDivans

Heads of Individual

Religious Millets

Local Administrators& Military

Landowners / Tax Collectors

Muslims Jews

Christians

GOVERNMENT & SOCIETY Society 2 main groups- rulers and

society Reaya- “Protected Flock” masses

of ordinary subjects. Millet system- group of

different religious communities. Each could operate under its own law and customs.

Courts and collected taxesEducation, health, and safety of its members

ARMY AND CHALLENGES Janissaries- Highly trained slave troops.War captive European soldiers.Schooled and converted to Islam

Gained power & served the Sultan

Left Picture-Siege of Rhodes in 1522. Right Picture- Picture of new soldiers.

CHALLENGES Turko-Mongol leader Timur slowed expansion

Timur claimed he was a descendent of Genghis Khan.

Strong military leader who would capture the sultan and for his return gain territory for all ghazi leaders.

RECOVERY AND EXPANSION OF THE EMPIRE

Timur- caused a civil war in the Ottoman Empire.People were arguing over who should be the next Sultan.

What is the importance of a Civil War?

Murad II took over in 1444 and defeated the last of the crusaders.

Mehmed II would expand the empire and take over Constantinople in 1453 and rename it Istanbul became the Ottoman capital.

MEHMED II

THE OTTOMAN CAPITAL CONSTANTINOPLE

SULEYMAN “THE MAGNIFICENT”

1520-1566

Suleyman’s Signature

OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1300-1699

DECLINE Expands Empire to Vienna. Suleyman dies in 1566.

Slow decline Military weakens

European rulers take over land Economy

Starts to struggleLose silk and spice tradeSultans lose power and respect

Government CorruptionFailed military revisionsWeak Sultans

MUGHAL EMPIRE Controlled the area of present day

India Rose to power when RAJPUTS

(warrior princes) challenged the Turkish rulers of the area

Babur led the Mughal Empire and established its dominance

THE GROWTH OF POWER

Akbar became the greatest of Mughal rulers

Ruled at the age of 13 from 1556 to 1605 Improved the tax systemTaxes were based off of what a village

could produce over a 10 year period He tolerated all religions

Repealed any taxes non-Muslims once had to pay

TAJ MAHAL Built by Shah Jahan

He ruled from 1628-1658 Built for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal

The Taj Mahal is her tomb

SIKH A new religion formed out of Hindu

and Muslim culturesDevotion to one GodNo idolsLess rigid social systemBecame militant – Often fighting the Mughal

Empire and Muslim Empires