1-introduction to pharmacology of cardiovascular drugs 0ct10

7/27/2019 1-Introduction to Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Drugs 0ct10

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An Introduction to

Cardiovascular Pharmacology

PHCL-L3-Cardiopharm-lecture02


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Objectives

Objectives1. Identify classes of drugs used to treat

cardiovascular disorders (Hypertension, Ischemicheart diseases, arrhythmias, Heart failure).

2. Understand the Physiopathology of these disorders

3. Understand the classification of cardiovasculardrugs with reference to Site or Mechanism of action

4. Understand the classification of cardiovasculardrugs with reference to clinical application fortreating cardiovascular disorders

5. List the properties of an ideal or prototype drugsof various classes.

6. Identify how these prototype drugs are absorbed,distributed, metabolized, and excreted.

7. Identify drug interactions and adverse reactions to

these drugs.


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Cardiovascular drugs1. Sympatholytic Drugs

2. Ca2+-Channel Blockers

3. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors4. Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

5. Diuretics

6. Vasodilators

7. Antiarhythmic drugs

8. Positive ionotropic drugs

Classification of Cardiovascular Drugs with reference

to mechanism of action


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Basis of Combination therapy

1. Effect blocked by diuretics

2. Effect blocked by beta-blockers


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Diuretics Thiazides and related agents

(hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, etc.)

Loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide,ethacrynic acid)

K+-sparing diuretics (amiloride, triamterene,

spironolactone)

Uses: hypertension; congestive heart failure


to mechanism of action


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Sympatholytic Drugs -Adrenergic antagonists (propranolol, metoprolol,

etc.)

-Adrenergic antagonists (prazosin, terazosin,

doxazosin, phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine) Mixed adrenergic antagonists (labetalol)

Uses: (Hypertension)

Centrally acting agents (methyldopa, clonidine,

guanabenz, guanfacine) Ganglionic blocking agents (trimethaphan)

Adrenergic neuron blocking agents (guanethidine,

guanadrel, reserpine)

Classification of Cardiovascular Drugs with reference to

mechanism of action


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Vasodilators Arterial (hydralazine, minoxidil, diazoxide)

Arterial and venous (nitroprusside, organicnitrates) USES: Ischemic heart disease; hypertension;

hypertensive emergencies

Ca2+-Channel Blockers

(verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine, nimodipine,felodipine, nicardipine, isradipine,amlodipine)

USES: Hypertension, Ishemic heart disease(Reduced vascular blood flow), some arrythmias

Classification of Cardiovascular Drugs with

reference to mechanism of action


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Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

(captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, quinapril, ramipril,

benazepril, fosinopril) USES: Hypertensio n, heart fai lure,

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

(losartan) USES: Hypertensio n


mechanism of action.


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Anti arrhythmic drugs

Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV etc USES: Various types of arrhythmias

Positive Ionotropic drugs

Cardiac glycosides (digitalis)

-adrenergic agonists

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors USES: Heart failure, shock or acute heart failure


mechanism of action


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1. Anti-Hypertensive Drugs Diuretics,-blockers, ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II

inhibitors, Ca2+ channel blockers, -blockers, others

2. Anti-Anginal drugs

Vasodilators (organic nitrates),-blockers(propranolol),Ca2+ channel blockers (Diltiazem, Nifedipine, Verapamil)

3. Drugs for Heart Failure

Vasodilators (ACE inhibitors, Organic nitrates), Diuretics,

Inotropic agents (Cardiac glycosides, -Adrenergic agonist,

phosphodiesterase inhibitors)

4. Anti-arrhythmic drugs


to Clinical uses


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Diuretics Sympatoplegics-

adrenoblockers

Vasodilators Angiotensin

antagonists

ACE

inhibitors

AT receptors

blockersCNS

sympathetic

outflowGanglia

Nerve terminal

ir

receptors

Older oral

Ca2+

blockers

Parenteral

Drugs Used in Hypertension

1-introduction to pharmacology of cardiovascular drugs 0ct10

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