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May 29th, 2008Gas Industry Micro CHP Workshop 2008

Kunihiro NishizakiTokyo Gas Co., Ltd.

The Japanese experience in The Japanese experience in micro CHP for residential usemicro CHP for residential use

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Contents

1. Introduction ～ Gas Engine

2. Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC)

3. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)

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0

10, 000

20, 000

30, 000

40, 000

50, 000

60, 00019

75

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

照明・家電・他給湯冷房暖房

Ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

(MJl

/ fa

mily

/ ye

ar)

Ratio @ FY2002

38 ％

34 ％

26 ％ 2 ％

Transition of energy consumption rate in Transition of energy consumption rate in Japanese residential sectorJapanese residential sectorTransition of energy consumption rate in Transition of energy consumption rate in Japanese residential sectorJapanese residential sector

Jukankyo Research Institute Inc.

Lighting, etc.

Hot water

Heating

Large amount of energy for hot water

Cooling

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>Rated power: 1kW class

>Recovered heat used as hot water

What’s residential CHP in Japan?What’s residential CHP in Japan?

Fuel (city gas etc.)

Electricity (grid connected)

Recovered heat

Hot water supply

Generation unit

Hot water storage unit including backup burner

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Schematic Image of residential CHP Schematic Image of residential CHP for Connectionsfor Connections

City gas Hot water

Electric power from CHP

Commercial grid power

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Residential CHPs in JapanResidential CHPs in JapanGas Engine PEFC SOFC

EfficiencyE / H (%LHV)

22.5 / 63 37 / 50 45 / 30

Operation Start & stop Start & stop Continuous

Stage Commercial Limited market entry

Field trial

PEFC: Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell, SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

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Gas engine based residential CHP Gas engine based residential CHP - Ecowill -- Ecowill -

Rated power : 1kW

Efficiency (LHV) :Generation : 22.5 %Heat : 63.0 %Overall : 85.5 %

Manufacturer :Honda (engine unit)Noriz or Chofu (hot water storage unit)

8Cumulative number of gas engine Cumulative number of gas engine based residential CHP in Japanbased residential CHP in Japan

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Higher electrical efficiency

Primary energy saving, CO2 reduction

Lower noise, lower vibration, cleaner exhaust

Common technology with FCV

PEFC based residential CHPPEFC based residential CHP

Strong support by the government

Aggressive development by manufacturers and energy companies

in Japan

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Hot water tank

PEFC stack

Air

Hot water

Hot water

Recovered heat

Natural gas

Fuel processor

H2 gas

DC electricity

DC/AC ConverterAC electricity

Backup water heaterA

ir

Components of residential PEFCComponents of residential PEFC

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Road Map of Residential Road Map of Residential PEFC Development PEFC Development

Road Map of Residential Road Map of Residential PEFC Development PEFC Development

Introduction phase

Development phase　 Penetration

phase

2005 2009

Large Scale Demonstration

DeregulationCodes & Standards

Subsidy for Market

Penetration

Technology Development Support Program

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Energy Companies － Market Research－ Conceptual design for increase of market acceptance－ Risk Management

Energy Companies － Market Research－ Conceptual design for increase of market acceptance－ Risk Management

ＭＥＴＩ　－ Policy making and initiative

－ Subsidization－ Deregulation

－ Codes and Standards

ＭＥＴＩ　－ Policy making and initiative

－ Subsidization－ Deregulation

－ Codes and Standards

Manufacturers

－ R&D－ Production

Manufacturers

－ R&D－ Production

　 　 Development InitiativeDevelopment Initiative

CustomerCustomer

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JGA’s stationary PEFC testing programJGA’s stationary PEFC testing program“Millennium project” (2000 - ) “Millennium project” (2000 - ) subsidized by NEDOsubsidized by NEDO

JGA: Japan Gas Association

Test Facility

PEFC systems testing related to safety, performance etc.

>Deregulation

>Codes and standards

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Large-Scale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationLarge-Scale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationProject (JFY 2005-2008) Project (JFY 2005-2008) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFconducted by METI/NEDO/NEF

Large-Scale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationLarge-Scale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationProject (JFY 2005-2008) Project (JFY 2005-2008) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFconducted by METI/NEDO/NEF

>Demonstrator　　　 Pair of a PEFC manufacturer and a fuel

supplier

>Applicable fuel cells　　　 1kW class fuel cells

>Subsidy

>Total number of demonstration

JFY 2005 2006 2007 2008

\/system 6 million 4.5 million 3.5 million 2.2 million

JFY 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total 400 777 930 1120

TG 150 160 210 276

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EbaraPana-soni

cEneos Celltec

h (Sanyo) Toshiba Toyota Total

City

Gas

Tokyo gas 265 255 520

Osaka gas 4 114 106 224

Toho gas 25 13 52 90

Saibu gas 20 13 33

Hokkaido gas 20 20

Nippon gas 6 6

subtotal 330 285 114 112 52 893

LP

Gas

Nippon oil 610 610

Other 9companies

25 433 458

subtotal 635 433 1068

Kero-sene

Nippon oil 221 221

Cosmo oil 5 5

subtotal 226 226

Total 556 285 749 545 52 2187

Players in the Large-scale demonstration project (JFY2005-2007)Players in the Large-scale demonstration project (JFY2005-2007)

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Residential PEFC CHPsResidential PEFC CHPs

ENEOS celltech(former SANYO)

TOSHIBA FCP EBARA MATSUSHITA(Panasonic)

TOYOTA

Natural gas/ LPG750W

Natural gas/ LPG700W

Natural gas/ Kerosene

1,000WNatural gas

1,000W

Natural gas

1,000W

Source : NEF Home Page

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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.

Ebara Ballard Corp.

Rated power: 1kW

Efficiency*(electricity): 37%

(heat recovery): 50%

(overall) : 87%

Turndown ratio: 30%

Hot water storage: 200L

Fuel: City gas (13A)

Specification of residential PEFC Specification of residential PEFC of Tokyo Gas of Tokyo Gas -LIFUEL--LIFUEL-

Specification of residential PEFC Specification of residential PEFC of Tokyo Gas of Tokyo Gas -LIFUEL--LIFUEL-

*LHV basis

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Role of Tokyo Gas in Residential FC Development

Trouble shooting 、 MaintenanceCustomer

support

　　 Establishment of concept and specification

In-house R&D: Fuel processor, Operation

control

Evaluation through operation tests and field

trials

Easy installation, Maintainability, User manuals, etc.

Establishment of

social platform

Technical support for deregulation,

codes & standards, etc.

Product

development

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Durability Test of the Systems

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Remote Controller of LIFUEL Remote Controller of LIFUEL

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Installation of LIFUELInstallation of LIFUEL

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Installation of LIFUELInstallation of LIFUEL

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Average AC Output (W)

Ele

ctric

and

Hea

t Effi

cien

cy (

%LH

V)

Electric and Heat EfficiencyElectric and Heat Efficiency

High efficiency even at partial load in actual use

◆Electrical Efficiency, 　● Heat Efficiency

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Summary of the Operation ResultsSummary of the Operation Results205 Total Average(/day)

Generation time 1015928 h 13.6 h

Supplied electricity

Amount 629 MWh 8.4 kWh

Contribution ratio

34 %

Supplied heat

Amount 937 MWh 12.5 kWh

Contribution ratio

78 %

Primary energy saving

Amount 743 MWh 9.9 kWh

Ratio 25 %

CO2 emission reduction

Amount 263 t-CO2 3.5 kg-CO2

Ratio 38 %

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SOFC based residential CHPSOFC based residential CHP

Flat tubular Cell

700W(AC) SOFC Unit

by Kyocera

Target Electrical Efficiency

:>45%LHV (@ rated power)

Higher electrical efficiency

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SOFC Demonstration Research Project SOFC Demonstration Research Project (JFY 2007-2010) (JFY 2007-2010) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFconducted by METI/NEDO/NEF

SOFC Demonstration Research Project SOFC Demonstration Research Project (JFY 2007-2010) (JFY 2007-2010) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFconducted by METI/NEDO/NEF

>Objectives　　　 Clarification of the issues including durability

through actual usage

>Budget　　　 \765million for JFY2007, \800million for JFY2008

>Players in JFY2007 (Operator / Manufacturer) Osaka Gas / Kyocera: 25 sites Tokyo Gas / Kyocera: 3 sites Saibu Gas / Kyocera: 1 sites Hokkaido Gas / Kyocera: 1 sites Nippon Oil / Nippon oil: 2 sites (LPG, Kerosene) TOTO / TOTO: 2sites (small commercial, 2kW)

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For the children of the future