1 thermography of buildings stacey ward - bsria instrument solutions - - sales manager -
TRANSCRIPT
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Thermography of Buildings
Stacey Ward
- BSRIA Instrument Solutions -
- Sales Manager -
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Benefits of thermography
Quick inspection Results clearly shown in pictures Shows precise location of fault Shows severity of fault Shows compliance with
regulations Improves build quality
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Limitations
Needs temperature difference Needs clear view of surface Building surveys limited by
Wind Rain Past temperatures Not an accurate heat loss assessment
Cameras are not cheap They are more affordable than they were And you can hire by the week
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Typical applications
Building insulation and air leakage Building energy efficiency Building moisture surveys Pipework Electrical installations
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Building insulation and air leakage
Meet requirements of Building Regulations Part L ‘reasonably continuous thermal insulation’
Show air leakage paths to help re-sealing
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Air tightness testing
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Testing to include effect of leakage through the floor
Can include smoke testing
Can include both pressurisation and depressurisation tests
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Locating air leakage
4.6°C
13.4°C
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8
10
12
SP01
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Understand how thermography is affected by:
features of buildings, surface properties acceptable temperatures, understanding the environment you are
working in, obtaining a good image, differentiating between anomalies faults and normal temperature variations.
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Thermal Imaging
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10oC temperature difference for at least 4 hours.
Dry, no sun, wind speed < 8m/s.
320 x 240 pixels minimum infrared resolution.
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Features of buildings important for Thermography
Masonry or framed construction Glass Rainscreen cladding Air outlets Light fittings Heaters
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Framed construction - roof
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Framed Construction - walls
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Glass not transparent
10.0°C
14.5°C
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11
12
13
14AR01: 11.6°C
SP01: 15.8°C
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Heat sources under windows
7.0°C
13.0°C
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10
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Acceptable temperatures
Need to have sufficient temperature difference to detect defects
Normally means at least 10°C between inside and out
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Understand the environment
Heat exchange by radiation and convection Sky can be –50°C Sunshine can raise surface temperature to
+70°C in the UK Set the ‘ambient temperature’ in your camera Wind can eliminate surface temperature
difference in external surveys
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Effects of cold sky
-18.0°C
-3.1°C
-15
-10
-5
SP01: <-20.0°CSP02: -14.1°C
SP03: -3.9°C
SP04: <-20.0°C
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In buildings with no heating
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Solar gain can be used to an advantage
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Obtain a good image
At survey time: Subject Distance/resolution Focus Broad temperature range
In analysis Correct temperature range Correct environmental settings
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Zoom in to focus
7.0°C
13.0°C
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10
12
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Zoom out for full image
7.0°C
13.0°C
8
10
12
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Benefits of high resolution
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Defect, anomaly or feature
30.0°C
36.0°C
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32
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Cold bridges - steelwork
21.2°C
26.5°C
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24
25
26SP01
SP02 SP03
SP04
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Thermography locates air leakage
behind plasterboard
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Thermography locates air leakage
25.5°C
31.0°C
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30
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behind plasterboard
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Extract from the thermographic
report
Note: this is inside of building but outside was warmer so the poorly insulated areas show up as warm
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Case study 1
retail building, 130x75 metres and 6-9 m high interface detail left a 73mm strip uninsulated =30 square metres of cladding with a U value
of 3.5W/m²K instead of 0.35W/m²K. would require an extra 2kW of heating nearly 8000 kWh a year extra heating cost of over £600 a year generating nearly 4000kg of additional CO2.
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Building fabric thermography
Construction defects
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Building fabric thermography
Construction defects
Remedial action
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Case study 2
Traditional brick - cavity - block wall Note surface temperature variations Effect of missing cavity bat Effect of mortar joint Condensation Mould growth
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Mortar in poor structure U value 1.41
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Mortar in poor structure U value 1.41
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Energy surveys
Temperature differences between similar areas
Hidden features
Buried services
-18.2°C
-3.3°C
-15
-10
-5
SP01SP02
SP03
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38Wasted Energy ?
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Roof Moisture
Warm area shows moisture in roof structure
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Roof moisture survey
Relies on change in temperature Survey after sunset on a sunny day Avoid surface water or debris Moist insulation has high thermal capacity Stays warm for some time after sunset Sharp contrast with dry insulation
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Underfloor heating
Warm areas shows underfloor heating pipes
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Underfloor heating
What can go wrong?
13.7°C
31.0°C
15
20
25
30
12.4°C
21.2°C
14
16
18
20
9.7°C
17.0°C
10
12
14
16
11.9°C
16.4°C
12
13
14
15
16
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Chilled ceilings
Cold areas are working, warm are not
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Busbars
65.0°C
120.0°C
70
80
90
100
110
120
SP01
SP02
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What to inspect
Critical items Where no other method
– don’t forget conventional test & inspection
Consider failure modes Cost / benefit Access / safety
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46UPS Battery Systems
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Electrical thermography to avoid fires
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Commissioning lighting panel
12.0°C
74.0°C
20
40
60
AR01: 13.1°C
12.0°C
74.0°C
20
40
60
AR01: 26.2°C
12.0°C
74.0°C
20
40
60
AR01: 36.9°C
12.0°C
74.0°C
20
40
60
AR01: 44.6°C
12.0°C
74.0°C
20
40
60
AR01: 54.0°C
12.0°C
74.0°C
20
40
60
AR01: 61.0°C
12.0°C
74.0°C
20
40
60
AR01: 68.8°C
12.0°C
74.0°C
20
40
60
AR01: 72.8°C
12.0°C
74.0°C
20
40
60
AR01: 79.3°C
12.0°C
74.0°C
20
40
60
AR01: 81.7°C
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Summary
Thermography has almost limitless applications Quick and easy way of checking quality and
condition New regulations will increase use Standards are being established Training and Certification essential BSRIA at the centre of development
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Thanks! Any questions?
[email protected] www.bis.fm [email protected] www.bsria.co.uk 01344 465545