WARM-UP: TUESDAY

1. What do you know about your assigned spice?

2. What spices do you have at your house? (that you know of)

3. What spices do you use on a regular basis?

WARM-UP: WEDNESDAY

Write down two observations about this world map.

THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

Essential questions: Why did Europeans begin to explore the world?What were the effects of European exploration?

THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

Period from early 15th to early 17th century.

Time of European expansion to the rest of the world

European ships traveled around the world in search of new trade routes, gold, silver, spices, furs, and fertile land or settlements.

Europeans encountered peoples and mapped lands previously unknown to them.

MOTIVES: WHY DID THEY WANT TO EXPLORE?

Desire for wealth Wanted to expand trade, especially for the

spices of the east Wanted to find precious metals

Religion Wanted to spread religious ideals and

convert others Glory

Look at us! WEEEEEE’RRRREEEEE GREAT!

MOTIVES: WHY DID THEY WANT TO EXPLORE?

God, Glory, and Gold

WHAT WAS NEEDED TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE?

Cartography – map-making

Compass – showed ship’s direction

Astrolabe – showed ship’s latitude by observing the positions of the stars

Ships – caravel could maneuver better and hold more cargo

PORTUGUESE TRADING EMPIRE

The Portuguese sailed to the coastal areas of Africa, where they first reached the west coast

What natural resources does this region have?

This became a source of gold for the Portuguese and became known as the “Gold Coast”

PORTUGUESE TRADING EMPIRE

Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal sent several expeditions down the west

coast of Africa to: establish trade routes Destroy Muslim shipping Gain control of the spice trade

PORTUGUESE TRADING EMPIRE

1487 - Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope, which is the southern tip of Africa.

PORTUGUESE TRADING EMPIRE 1497 – Vasco da Gama discovered a

route to India, opening the way for Portuguese trade routes to the East Indies

PORTUGUESE TRADING EMPIRE

The Portuguese later established trading ports for spice trade in Southeast Asian islands making tremendous profits.

Portuguese trading empire was a series of trading posts on coastal areas.

They did not colonize African or Asian regions.

VOYAGES TO THE AMERICAS

1492 – Italian born Christopher Columbus convinced Queen Isabella of Spain to finance an expedition to find a western route to Asia.

VOYAGES TO THE AMERICAS Did Europeans know the Earth was round?

Yes! Did they know the circumference of the

Earth? Yes, Eratosthenes figured this out, but Columbus

believed the Earth was smaller. Where did Columbus think he was?

Asia – he believed this to his dying day He thought he was in the West Indies (islands

in Asia), therefore the people became known as “Indios” – the Spanish word for “inhabitants of the Indies”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fZnWlt-X-0

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS

Spain: “What if Portugal tries to claim our newly discovered lands?”

Portugal: “What if Spain tries to claim our newly discovered lands?”

Pope Alexander VI: “Let’s make it fair – we will draw a line to divide up the territory”

TREATY OF TORDESILLAS

Spain would have possession of any unclaimed territories to the west of the line; Portugal would have possession of any unclaimed territory to the east of the line.

That’s why people speak Portuguese in Brazil!

SPANISH EMPIRE Spanish conquistadors

(conquerors) Hernan Cortez: Defeated

Aztec Empire Fransisco Pizarro:

Defeated Inca Empire Within 30 years after

Spanish arrival, the western part of Latin America had been brought under their control

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKeB82retLs

SPANISH EMPIRE

Philippines: Spanish base for trade across Pacific

SPANISH EMPIRE Queen Isabella granted the Spanish

encomienda – the right to use native Americans as laborers.

Most natives were forced to work on plantations or work in gold and silver mines.

Many natives died due to: Disease Forced labor starvation

EXPLORATION BY OTHERS:

English, Dutch, French

HOW DID GEOGRAPHY PLAY A ROLE?

Spain and Portugal: On the Iberian Peninsula England: On an island France and The Netherlands (Dutch): regions

on the coast

They all had access to the oceans!

WHAT WERE THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF EXPLORATION?

Columbian Exchange – exchange of plants and animals between the Old World and New World

ECONOMIC IMPACTS

Columbian Exchange

ECONOMIC IMPACTS A new economic system emerges

called: Mercantilism – idea that the

prosperity of a nation depended on: a large supply of gold and silver exporting in large quantity while importing

in small

ECONOMIC IMPACTS Balance of trade – difference

between what a country imports and exports

A favorable balance of trade would be when the goods exported are greater than those imported.Wealth that has

been accumulated

ECONOMIC IMPACTS

Colonies were an important part of this economic system.

Colony = settlement of people living in a new territory, which is linked to the parent country through trade and direct government control

Important for: Sources of raw materials Markets for finished goods

EXPLORERS AND THEIR ROUTES

WARM-UP: THURSDAY1. WRITE 1 THING YOU LOVE FROM THE OLD AND NEW WORLD. 2. WRITE 1 THING YOU HATE FROM THE OLD AND NEW WORLD.3. WHAT DOES THIS LIST REPRESENT?

OLD WORLD

Rice Wheat Sugarcane Coffee Bananas Olives Horses Cattle Pigs Sheep

NEW WORLD

Turkeys Corn (Maize) Tobacco Peanuts Squash Tomatoes Pumpkins Pineapples Cacao (Source of

Chocolate) Avocados

AFRICA IN THE AGE OF TRANSITION

Essential Question: How did the slave trade affect Africa, Europe, and the Americas?

THE SLAVE TRADE 15th century – slaves were used in

Southwest Asia (Middle East) mostly as domestic servants

Demand for slaves rose dramatically with the European voyages to the Americas and the planting of sugar cane there

THE SLAVE TRADE Plantations = large agricultural

estates = were set up on the eastern coast of Brazil and on islands in the Caribbean to grow sugar cane

Growing cane is labor intensive – so slaves from Africa were imported to meet the need

The first boatload of African slaves were brought on a Spanish ship in 1518.

THE SLAVE TRADE Trade grew tremendously in the next

two centuries Triangular trade = connected Europe,

Africa, and the Americas

THE SLAVE TRADE

Why were so many slaves sent to the Americas?

High death rate Many died on the Middle Passage,

which was the journey to the Americas that was the middle leg of the triangular trade

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5qZ1MpevrI

EFFECTS OF THE SLAVE TRADE Before Europeans entered the scene,

most slaves in Africa were war captives

After Europeans enter the scene, more people were taken captive through village raids

What were the effects on African societies?

Depopulation of some areas Deprived communities of their

youngest and strongest men and women

Led to increased warfare

REVIEW: THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

Period from the early 15th century to the early 17th century.

European ships traveled around the world in search of new trade routes, gold, silver, spices, furs, and fertile land or settlements.

Europeans encountered peoples and mapped lands previously unknown to them.

REMAINING TIME…

Play Pictionary to review terms!!