1.Who started the Vietnamese Nationalist Group?2.What was the group called?3.What two countries fought in French Indochina war?4.What is the name of the mountain town where the French were defeated?5.Give at least 2 negotiations of the Geneva accords?6.Who was the leader of pro-west South Vietnam?7.Why did the US support France?8.Explain the Domino Theory.

Films to consider Platoon

Hamburger HillCasualties Of WarThe Deer Hunter

Born on the 4th of JulyApocalypse Now

Vietnam long history of fighting for independenceFrance relinquishes control of Vietnam during

WWII.During WWII, Japan seizes Vietnam.Post WWII ,Ho Chi Minh (Vietminh) Vietnam

declares independence.France wants Vietnam colony back, US backs

FranceFrance-Vietnam go to war (French-Indochina War)USA sends aid to French (domino theory)French defeated at Dien Bien PhuGeneva Accords :

Free elections, Vietnam ÷ @ 17th parallel , North =CommunistCommunist led by Ho Chi Minh (USSR & CHINA)(USSR & CHINA)

South=DemocraticDemocratic led by Ngo Dinh Diem (USA)(USA)

France-Vietnamese cease fireFree Elections in 1956Divided Vietnam @ 17th parallel

(temporary) Country North Vietnam South Vietnam

Political Ideology

Communist Democratic

Leader Ho Chi Minh Ngo Dinh Diem

Supporting Nation

*China * United States

ChinaFrench Indo-ChinaNorth Vietnam

South Vietnam

LaosCambodia

Thailand

Diem (South, Dem)Refused

to hold election Believed

Communist North would not have fair elections

KnewHo Chi Minh

would win.

Minh (North, Comm)Knew

Popular support was in his favor

Knew He had support of

Southern VietnameseEncouraged

Popular uprising against Diem and U.S

North Vietnamese begin guerilla attacks against south.

South Vietnamese turn against Diem (Vietcong)

By 1964, 50 % South Vietnam controlled by Vietcong.

UnpopularCorruptDiscriminated

against BuddhismKilled protestersMonks burned

themselvesNorth Generals

wanted to overthrow Diem

US agreed.New Leadership was

weak US had to step in

even more.

Southern Vietnamese loyal to Minh

Diem uses fear &

violence to deter Viet

Cong

CIA leads a coup d’etat

to remove Diem

New puppet regime

in place

S. Vietnam no longer fear, begin to up rise against

the US

Backlash = US troops

facing more resistance in

the South

Supported Domino Theory like Eisenhower

Increased aid to SaigonSent military advisorsSent military advisors

16,000 advisors by 16,000 advisors by 19631963

Sent aid & military Sent aid & military advisors, advisors, but no troopsbut no troops

Funded and trained South Vietnamese army

Send materials, not men..

Lend supplies but not

soldiers.

Became President when JFK was assassinated.

Defeated Barry Goldwater less than a year later (1964 election)

Democrats Truman lost China to communism.

Didn’t want to lose Vietnam Sent U.S. Troops to Vietnam in August of 1964.

Vietcong- Vietnamese soldiers from the south who supported a communist government.Guerilla Warfare

Used booby trapsBlend with

civiliansUsed children and

elderly used geography

MountainsJungle

Agent Orange•Chemical that destroyed vegetation

VietnameseVietcong- mostly

insurgents from southern Vietnam (guerilla)

North Vietnamese Army NVASupported by ChinaSent arms & supplies to

southHo Chi Minh Trail-

Series of trails that moved weapons & supplies from northern to southern Vietnam through Laos & Cambodia

United StatesOnly strategic

targetsDid not full out

BOMB..Feared China or Feared China or

Soviet involvement.Soviet involvement.Limits on war made

it difficult to win.War of attrition-

Wearing the enemy down.

Gulf of Tonkin-1964USS Maddox

attackedOne-Two Punch

Aug 2 - “unprovoked attack”

Aug 4- appeared to be a lie “confusion”

Gulf of Tonkin Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionResolutionCongress gave all

war powers to LBJ.US sends in troops

to VietnamOperation rolling Operation rolling

thunderthunderFirst strategic

bombing raids against North Vietnam

By 1968 ½ million troops in Vietnam.

NVA enter the South via Ho Chi Minh TrailSeries of trails in

Laos & Cambodia that brought weapons and troops from the North to the South.

Vietcong and NVA launch massive attack on major S. Vietnam cities.

For VietnameseMilitary defeat but a

moral victory. Proved Vietnamese

were in it for the long haul.

For the U.S. Military Victory but a

psychological defeat.

U.S. govt. telling Americans that victory was close but TV News showed a different reality.

Credibility Gap- American public slowly losing faith in their government

American public turns against the war.

Democrats in troubleDemocrats in troubleJohnson highly unpopular decides not to run for re-election.Chicago- Riots ensue at Democratic PrimaryBobby Kennedy’s assassination left the Dems without a real leader.Vice Pres. Hubert Humphrey is like Johnson…

RepublicansRepublicansNixon

Southern StrategySouthern StrategyPromised to overturn

Civil Rights legislation.

VietnamizationVietnamizationA way out of VietnamPrep the Vietnamese

army to fight so US can go home.

More people died in the jungles after 68 than had dies from 64-68

March 16, 1968US Army soldiers

MurderRapeMutilate350-500 Vietnamese

CiviliansInternational

OutrageDomestic opposition

to the war.Worst US atrocity

in American Military history

Nixon sends troops into Cambodia to prevent communism.

Now U.S. INVADING another country

War Protests explode in the U.S.A.

Teach Ins…Protesting the war…

US troops fire on US troops fire on Students protesters Students protesters at Kent State at Kent State University.University.

Congress opposed to continuing to spend on war.

PENTAGON PAPERS 1971, revealed that

every President from Eisenhower to Nixon knew that the U.S. could not win Vietnam but refused to withdraw because they did not want the loss associated with their administration

Ceasefire 1972US withdraw and

South Vietnam collapses by 1975

The fall of Saigon ended the war in Vietnam.

<- Americans get even more angry….

War Powers Act- War Powers Act- President no longer needs Congress to go to war (60 days)

People do not trust GovtWorsened with Watergate scandal

26th Amendment 18 yrs to vote.