11. environmental safety
TRANSCRIPT
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ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETYENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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At the end of the lecture, the participants would be
able to:
Describe the Industrial Hygiene principles
At the end of the lecture, the participants would be
able to:
Describe the Industrial Hygiene principles
Session ObjectivesSession ObjectivesSession ObjectivesSession Objectives
Environmental Safety
Identify the different hazards in constructionindustry
Know the applicable control measures toeliminate/minimize hazards in constructionindustry
Identify the different hazards in constructionindustry
Know the applicable control measures toeliminate/minimize hazards in constructionindustry
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What will happen to you and your familyif you get injured and can no longer work?
Why Environmental Safety ?Why Environmental Safety ?
Environmental Safety
Your quality of life
Your job advancement Future opportunities
injured/sick?
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FactsFacts
Construction work is featured by high laborturnover, constantly changing work
environment and conditions on site
Environmental Safety
Construction workers are exposed to a wide
variety of health hazards on the job;
Exposure differs from trade to trade, job to job,
by the day, even by the hour;
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May also be exposed as a bystander to
FactsFactsExposure to hazard is typically intermittent
and of short duration but is likely to reoccur;
Environmental Safety
hazards produced by those who worknearby;
The severity of each hazard depends on theconcentration and duration of exposure for a
particular job.
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What is Industrial Hygiene?
Industrial Hygiene (IH) is the scienceand art dedicated to recognition,
evaluation and controlof environmental
Environmental Safety
factors and stresses arising in or from theworkplace, which may cause sickness,
impaired health and well-being, or
significant discomfort among workers or
among citizens of the community.
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GasesGases
VapoursVapours
FumesFumesDispersionDispersionWorkWork
Contamination of WorkEnvironment
Environmental Safety
Chemical SubstanceChemical Substance
Raw MaterialsRaw Materials
ProcessProcessMistMist
NoiseNoise
HeatHeat
DiffusionDiffusionGenerationGeneration
EnvironmentEnvironment
ContaminationContamination
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EntranceEntrance
toto
HumanHuman
InjuryInjury
Effects to Human . . .
Environmental Safety
IllnessIllness
MetabolicMetabolicReactionReaction
ExcretionExcretion DeathDeath
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Hazards RecognitionRecognition of the different hazards can be
accomplished by
Hazards RecognitionRecognition of the different hazards can be
accomplished byWalk-through survey/ocular inspection
(supervisors, contractors)
Walk-through survey/ocular inspection
(supervisors, contractors)
Environmental Safety
Knowing your taskReviewing process involved
Knowing the raw materials used,
products and by-products
Gathering of workers complaints
CSDS/MSDS
Knowing your taskReviewing process involved
Knowing the raw materials used,
products and by-products
Gathering of workers complaints
CSDS/MSDS
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Environmental / Health Hazards
Physical Chemical
Environmental Safety
ErgonomicsBiological
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RecognitionRecognition
Physical Hazards
Noise
Vibration
Environmental Safety
Illumination
Extreme temperature
Extreme pressure
Radiation
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RecognitionRecognition
Chemical Hazards
Liquid / Mists
Gases
Environmental Safety
Solvent / Vapors Particulates / Dust
Metals / Fumes
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RecognitionRecognition
Biological Hazards
Bacteria
Virus
Environmental Safety
Fungi
Parasites
Insects
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RecognitionRecognition
Ergonomic Hazards
Repetitive motion
Forceful motion
Environmental Safety
Awkward posture
Static posture
Fit The Task To The Person
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Confined SpacesConfined SpacesAn enclosed or partially enclosed space
that: Is not designed or intended for human
Environmental Safety
performing work
Has restricted means of access and
egress May become hazardous to any person
entering to it
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Confined SpacesConfined SpacesExamples:
Storage TanksSewers
PipelinesTrenches
Environmental Safety
o ersManholes
Tunnels
Silos
Vats
Wells
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Hazards in Confined SpacesHazards in Confined SpacesOxygen deficiency
Acute illness or death
Increase consumption Chemical reactions such
as rusting Displacement Welding, cutting
or brazing
Environmental Safety
O2 is greater than 21%
Flammable dust, gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% LFL
Use of flammable solvents
Welding or cutting operations using oxyacetylene
Toxic Gases
Acute illness or deathCO, NO2, H2S, NH3, SO2, CH4
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Evaluation of
Environmental Safety
Hazards
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Work Environment Measurement (WEM)
The measurements to be conducted
periodically (e.g. once a year) shall include
Evaluation ConventionalEvaluation Conventional
Industrial Hygiene MeasurementsIndustrial Hygiene Measurements
Environmental Safety
Temperature
Humidity (relative humidity)
Pressure (i.e. atmospheric/ barometric)
Illumination / Lighting
Noise (sound pressure, intensity)
Concentration of substances (chemical agents)
Ventilation (Air velocity)
- Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Rule 1077.03
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Evaluation ConventionalEvaluation Conventional
Industrial Hygiene MeasurementsIndustrial Hygiene Measurements
Types of Environmental Monitoring
Area/Environmental
Environmental Safety
Personal Monitoring
Biological Monitoring
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IH EquipmentIH Equipment
Smoke TubeGas and VOC Monitor
Relative Humidity
Supply Air, Air Velocity
Lux
MeterSound Level
Meter
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The measurement data will be
compared with existing standards /guidelines:
Evaluation ConventionalEvaluation Conventional
Industrial Hygiene MeasurementsIndustrial Hygiene Measurements
Environmental Safety
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs)
Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs) Maximum Allowable Concentrations
(MACs)
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Evaluation ConventionalEvaluation Conventional
Industrial Hygiene MeasurementsIndustrial Hygiene Measurements
Threshold Limit Values (TLVs)Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA)
- takes into account variable exposure through a
Environmental Safety
,
Ceiling (TLV-C)
- absolute maximum level of exposure not to be
exceeded
Short Term Exposure Level (TLV-STEL)
- limit of exposure during a short period, 15minutes
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Construction Site PremisesConstruction Site Premises
Lighting of Work Areas
* Fine detail discrimination, paint
mixing, precision machine works
* Office works, medium inspection
* Finishing works, fine inspection,
accounting, painting
Types of work:
Environmental Safety
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Minimum Illumination Level in Lux
*Passageways, warehouses
rough materials handling
* Medium assembly, rough bench& carpentry works, planing
* Rough assembly, machine rooms
elevators, locker rooms
*Yards, roadways, surroundings
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Permissible Noise Exposure Level*Duration/day, Hours (hr) Sound Level, dB(A)
8 90
6 92
4 95
Environmental Safety
2 100
1 102
1 105
1/2 110
1/4 115**
* OSHS, DOLE
** Ceiling value: No exposure in excess of 115 dBA isallowed.
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Control of
Environmental Safety
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Generalized Diagram of
Methods of Control
Generalized Diagram of
Methods of ControlSOURCESOURCE AIR PATHAIR PATH RECEIVERRECEIVER
Environmental Safety
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Control of Occupational HazardsControl of Occupational Hazards
Engineering Control
Hierarchy of Controls
Environmental Safety
Administrative Control
Personal Protective Equipment
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Replacement/Substitution of materials
used
Modifications in the process and
Engineering Control
Environmental Safety
equipmentMaintenance of equipment
Isolation
Wet methods
Ventilation
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Rotation of job assignments
Administrative Control
Adjusting work schedules
Maintenance and ood housekee in
Environmental Safety
Appropriate supervision
Emergency response training and education
Employee information and training
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Examples:
Dust/Gas Respirators
Safety
Goggles/Spectacles
Personal Protective Equipment
Environmental Safety
ace e s sor
Gloves
Protective
clothing/ApronsSafety Shoes
Helmets
Earplugs/Earmuffs
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Good housekeeping / Personal Hygiene
Employee training/education
Control techniques that depend uponpositive safety & health culture
Environmental Safety
Proper job procedures / instruction
Job observation
Rule compliance
Protective equipment compliance
Group communications
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Summary
Hazards Identification/Recognition
IH Steps
Environmental Safety
Evaluation
Implementation of appropriateControl Measures
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SummaryPractice ofPractice of
industrial hygieneindustrial hygieneprinciplesprinciples
Safe environment inSafe environment in
construction siteconstruction site= Safe & healthySafe & healthyconstruction workersconstruction workers
Environmental Safety
Is a means of protecting the workers thru
improvements of work environment.
The preventive approach to eliminate orminimize the occurrence of occupational
diseases.
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Environmental Safety
END OF TOPICEND OF TOPIC