11th Munich Economic Summit, 4 may 2012

EDUCATION AND TRAININGEDUCATION AND TRAININGDual Education: Europe’s Secret Recipe?Dual Education: Europe’s Secret Recipe?

GIAMPAOLO GALLIGIAMPAOLO GALLI

General Manager ConfindustriaGeneral Manager Confindustria

Few students have a job

Source: EUROSTAT database

Students with a job as % of total students (by age)

2

ItalySpainFranceGreat BritainGermany

15 – 24 years 25 – 29 years 30 – 34 years

Fonte : elaborazioni Confindustria Education su dati OECD-Economic Survey: Germany, 2010

Vocational education prepares participants for direct entry, without further training, into specific occupations. Successful completion of such programmes leads to a labour-market relevant vocational qualification. Some indicators divide vocational programmes into school-based programmes and combined school and work-based programmes on the basis of the amount of training that is provided in

In combined school and work-based programmes, instruction is shared between school and the workplace, although instruction may take place primarily in the workplace. Programmes are classified as combined school and work-based if less than 75 per cent of the curriculum is presented in the school environment or through distance education. Programmes that are more than 90 per cent work-based are excluded.

VET: vocational education and training

(%, student enrolled in upper secondary)

32

2

2836

1521

60

1

15

17

45

14

47

612

212

4

15

1410.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0"Vocational dual" combined school and work-based"Vocational"

Source: Confindustria Education on OECD database

Few students choose Vocational Education and Training

3

Low rate of Vocational Graduates

Source: OECD

4

Advanced research and highly qualified professions (3-4 years) Technical and professional know-how (2-3 years)

PhD

Higher education: the wrong choices

-500

-600

-700

Sociology-Politics -15.100

Litteratures -10.200

Languages -7.000

Psicology -4.400

Architecture -3.700

Geography-Biology -3.200

Sports and Health -1.400

Scientific -1.200

Agrarian Sciences

Education and Teaching

Chemistry

Laws 3.800

Medicine 7.800

Economics-Statistics 14.600

Engineerings 19.700 Demand > Supply:

Employers can’t find these professional curricula

Supply > Demand

Graduates can’t find a job

- 51.000- 51.000Missing Missing curriculacurricula

+ 48.000Unemployed

curricula

Source: Confindustria Education on OECD database5

The results of PISA tests 2009

Source: Confindustria Education on OECD database

LOMBARDIA vs. GERMANYLOMBARDIA vs. GERMANYReadings Maths Sciences

MATHS

483

496

480

485

490

495

500

ITALY OECD

516 513

490

495

500

505

510

515

520

Lombardia Germany

526520

490

495

500

505

510

515

520

525

530

Lombardia Germany

READINGS

486493

480

485

490

495

500

ITALY OECD

522

497

490

495

500

505

510

515

520

525

Lombardia Germany

SCIENCES

489

501

480

485

490

495

500

505

ITALY OECD

ITALY vs. OECDITALY vs. OECD

6

PISA tests don’t measure “knowledge”, but the ability to apply it in real contexts

It’s easier to learn in an educational system where there is no sharp distinction between study and work

WHY?

7

Source: Confindustria Education on CENSIS database

28,6 %(105.329)

36,7 %(217.825)

44,6 %(561.790)

44,4 %(932.003)

45,9 %(1.195.455) 41,6 %

(1.120.634)

35,14 %(945.805)

25

30

35

40

45

50

%

8

Vocational training enrollments as% of total enrollments in upper secondary school

“Non scholae, Non scholae, sed vitae discimussed vitae discimus”

Lucius Annaeus Seneca

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

““Culture make us free from work”Culture make us free from work”

Baruch Spinoza (as quoted by John Colerus,1706, “The life of Spinoza”)

“…“…Every learned man who neglects to learn a Profession Every learned man who neglects to learn a Profession will at last turn a loose manwill at last turn a loose man””

9

1968Materialism (Marx) or Idealism (Hegel + Croce)?

10

Demography and labour market

19681968 TodayTodayDemographyDemography

11 aged (over 65) 2 2 young (under 15)Average marriage age 2727 men; 2424 womenUnder 35 living with parents 20%20%

DemographyDemography33 aged (over 65) 2 2 young (under 15)Average marriage age 3333 men; 3030 womenUnder 35 living with parents 42%42%

Labour marketLabour marketYoung (15 - 29) unemployment rate 3%

EducationEducationOn total young population 15-29: 15%15% hold a diploma 2%2% hold a degree

Manager and EntrepreneursManager and Entrepreneurs(Executive Board)(Executive Board)

Under 30 on total number of manager and entrepreneurs

22%22%

EducationEducationOn total young population 15-29: 50%50% hold a diploma 15%15% hold a degree

Manager and EntrepreneursManager and Entrepreneurs(Executive Board)(Executive Board)

Under 30 on total number of manager and entrepreneurs

5,7%5,7%Source: Confindustria Education on Datagiovani and CENSIS database, 2012

11

Labour marketLabour marketYoung (15 - 29) unemployment rate 20,2%

 

The overtaking of “Licei”

MIUR

12

Students enrolled in Licei and in Vocational Training, (as % of total enrollments in upper secondary school)

Vocational training

Licei

School year

%

In order to avoid a break, the historical trend includes also students enrolled in pedagogic schools since 1990/’91 (despite the reform became effective in 1998/’99)

Source: Confindustria Education on Ministry of Education database