1

20111011

12 1 Contemporary Pontoon Bridge 1950 ()(RCPC)(FRP)

RC(reinforced concrete)PC(prestressed concrete)()()

1950 1945 1990

20 21

()20

()

()

()()

PC

2

1

(fjorden) 2

()()

B.C.(Okanagan Lake Bridge) 1 1 J.Bobrowski Outstanding applications of lightweight concrete and an apprecatios of likely future developments The International Journal of Lightweit Concrete.Vol 2.No1,pp5-20,1980. H.Bonhard Lightweight concrete structures potentialities, limits and realities The International Journal of Lightweit Concrete.Vol 2.No4,pp193-209,1980.

T.A.Holm Performanceof Structural Lightweight Concrete in a Marine Environment ACI Pubrication P-65

Performance of Concrete in Marine Environments Canada, August,1980 M.Yokoyama et al. Some Long-Term ObservationResults of Artificial Lightweigt Aggregate Concrete for Structual Use in Japan RILEM/ACI International Symposium on Long-Term Observation of Concrete Structures,

Budapest/Hungary, 1984 Floatinng Concrete Structures Example From Practice VSL INTERNATIONAL LTD. Berne, Switzerland, Second Printing July 1992..

(Vol.31, No.11, pp63-68,1993.)

(Vol.33, No.6, pp. 513, 1995)

2 Reinforced concrete apprication in underwater and floating marine structure and Design and construction of

reinforced concrete marine structures. International Symposium on Concrete Sea Structure, Sep.1972 Tibilisi,

USSR

Anton Brandtzg (Norway) Concrete Underwater Floating Tunnels

Alan B. Grant (England) Floating Submerged Tunnel for the Strait of Massina

Costas E Markis (Greece) Floating Tunnels with Floating Bridges

Z.V. Tsagareli, Z.Z. Tsagareli (USSR) Prestressed Concrete in Floating and Submerged Structureas

3

2

2

(Karl Rudwig Johann17711847) 10(Sleiman14941566 152066)1529

360 16() 42mm44mm 8 2 19

2

1944

2003 2 40

IRB 196070 60 20

(Pontoon bridging columnPMP)160 6.59m 227m 3020 3.29m 382m 50 2.5m/sec.PMP60324 (abutmennt section)2 12 2 1m 1

3 4 1 2 6.5m 6.3m

PMP(Ribon Bridge)

( GD SBS)(IRB)2

4

GD SBS IRB10 10km IRBNATOGD SBS

(Alligator, M3)

6 6. 8 8. 9 (4)

2

1 PMP(M) 1960(pontoon-bridging column)60

20 2 227m PMP60 30 382m PMP20

50 PMP

20 40170 PMP60 36

32( 6.75m 8m) 4(ramp pontoon)

227m 2 3

(ribon bridge)

1972 PMP

430 PMP

2 IRB(Improved Ribbon Bridge )EWK(Eisenwerke

Kaiserslautern GMBH)1972 SRB(Upgraded

Standard Ribbon Bridge) 80 100

PMP 96 (Military Load

Capacity96)

5

3 ()

(anchor stay)

(RCPC)

(Oahu)

(Ford Island)The Admiral Clarey Bridge1 (finite element analysis) PC 315mdraw span 285m navigation channel

3(module) 310ft.( 94.5m) 21(37) 3 CTC(Concrete Technology Corporation) 930ft.(283.5m)

()(draw span) 285 35cm 25 9(fixed trestle)2000(Design for Transportation National Awards 2000) 1958 6 (Kelona) Okanagan Lake Bridge(Kelowana Bridge)2008 4William R.Bennett Bridge New Kelowana Bridge5 46000 2017 69000

6

1

1 Michael J. Abrahams,Gary WilsonPrecast Prestressed Segmental Floating Drawspan for Admiral Clarey Bridge

PCI Journal, July/August Vol.43, No.4, 1998

2 New Okanagan Lake Bridge

7

4 1 1Sulhus

Sulhus (4220.5m10) 55N/mm2

(fjord)

(Hordaland) (Bergen)(Sulhusfjord)

19911994 Nordhordland Floating Bridge(Nordhordlandsbrua)1 the Sulhusbrua pontoon bridge(abutment) 1246 10m(free floating bridge)211(steel box girder)10113.25m 11m () 5.5m 5.5m/s.2025

10 10V1010 26.9m/s 1.76m 1.75m/s (most dominant force action) 150 42 20.5m 7.38m 3 9

(cell) 2 4.3m5.6m 2 3.0m 8 2.6m PC NS 3473 (LC55)3 800km(Fredrikstad)4 C655 PC 2

(Moss)6 20.3642m 34 (segment)11 (module)2

2Bergsoysund Floating Bridge (Mre og Romsdal)(Skagerrk)

(Kristiansand Mre og Romsdal)(Bergsoysund Floating Bridge)1992Nordordland Floating Bridge 845m 7 PC ( 105m) 1300m

7 2 34m 20m 6m

8

2() 1m 7m Nordhordland Floating Bridge 9 (cell) 55N/mm2

4

1 P.meaas et al. Design of the Salhus Floating Bridge Proc.of the 3rd Symposium on Strait Crossings , pp 543,

729-734, Alesund, Norway, 1994

T. Stabenfelt The Salhus BridgeConstruttion and Installation Proc.of the 3rd Symposium on Strait Crossings ,

pp543-546, Alesund/Norway, 1994

A.Solheim et al. Instruction for verification of design criteria forergsoysund and Saihus floating bridge, Proc.of

the 3rd Symposium on Strait Crossings , pp743-750, Alesund/Norway, 1994

2 (free floating bridge)()

()

2

()

3 55/64.4N/mm2

( Liapor 8)1m3 (

)(HS65)410kg (silica fume)33kg(0

5mm)655kg(48mm)270kg (816mm)325kg

155kg( 200kg 45kg)(1012)

1.915 t/m3

2.32.4t/m3

(())0.35

0.55

10cm 28 70.4 N/mm2 (Modulus of Elasticity) 20

23 kN/mm2(limit design method)

() 12cilinder

(cube)

(60N/mm2 )

1 (lightweight coarse aggregate)

7.5 (270kg325kg)7.5100 45kg

9

5mm (coarse aggregate)(fine aggregate)

(manmade aggregate, manufactured aggregate, artificial aggregate)

(sand & gravel)

2 155kg 410kg 33kg

443kg155kg 443kg 0.35

(CaOH2)

4( Fredrikstad)

(Skagerrak) 80km

800km Liapor 8

5 PC Prestressed ConcreteC65 65N/mm

6 ()(Moss)

25km

10

5

bridge

(PC)

20 19651999 12

(Yumemai Bridge) 9 2008

2

940m 410m 38.8m(31.2m2) 24m 90(pusher boat) 2 8 JV

2(58m58m8m)() 2

8 8283()(clad) 200 500m 4m 1mm50

(V10)42m/s

1010 ( 1010)26.9m/s 1.76m 1.75m/s

0.2m/s 0.5m/s 1.75m/s H1/340 1.4m

11

1.76m

18 2.62 2.63m 12 23 (the world first floating swing brigde)

2

2012 4 11() 1 1

5 1

40 1

7

(2002)

T. Maruyama etc. Proc. of the Sixth East AsiaPacific Conf. on Structural Eng. & Const., pp.429 ~ 434, Jan.

14-16,1998, Taipei, Taiwan

T.Mruyama,T.Kawamura Construction of a Floating Swing BridgeYumemai Bridge Osaka City Fondation for

Urban Tecnology OSAKA No.39,Osaka Municipal Government,2000

12

6 1

2 100m 100m PD

2

2

()

(Parau)(Koror)(Babelthuap) ODA 3

1

(lock)

2fixed spans and trestles type

13

30

3removable span bridge type

()

removable span bridge 456

14

5 4swing type 1 (pusher boat)

5retractable type, drawspan type

6vertical lift type

B.C. 18m

(bayou)

7bascule bridge typelift bridge type (one leaf)(double leaf) 2 bascule (balance bascule) 8

9submersible bridge type 68

2 23 V

1

15

7

()

CO2

(CaCO3)(CO2)(NOX)

(LCA)

(Life Cicle AsessmentLCA)

LCA

LCA

16