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Transudate

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Transudate is extravascular fluid with low protein content and a low specific gravity (<1!1"# $t has low nucleated cell counts (less than %!! to 1!!! &microlit# and the primarycell types are mononuclear cells: macrophages, lymphocytes and mesothelia cells Forinstance, an ultrafiltrate of 'lood plasma is transudate $t results from increased fluidpressures or diminished colloid oncotic forces in the plasma

Contents1 Transudate vs.exudate2 Pathology3 See also4 References

Transudate vs. exudate

Transudate vs. exudateTransudate Exudate

ain causes

$ncreased hydrostaticpressure,)ecreased colloidosmotic pressure

$nflammation

*ppearance +lear 1- +loudy1-

.pecific gravity


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evels of lactate dehydrogenase ()4#%- or a 7ivalta test can 'e used to distinguishtransudate from exudate

8heir main role in nature is to protect elements of the skin and other su'cutaneoussu'stances against the contact effects of external climate and the environment and

other su'stances 9 it also plays a role in integumental hygiene

8ransudate usually appears more clear than exudate as it has low protein content 1-

see also: ights criteria for pleural effusions

Pathology

8he most common causes of pathologic transudate include: conditions that increasehydrostatic pressure in vessels, left ventricular heart failure, decrease in colloid oncoticpressure in 'lood vessels, cirrhosis (+irrhosis leads to hypoal'uminaemia and

decreasing of colloid oncotic pressure in plasma that causes edema#, and ;ephroticsyndrome (also due to hypoal'uminaemia caused 'y proteinuria#

See also

xudate 9 extravascular fluid due to vessel alteration during inflammation (increasedpermea'ility, vascular constriction then dilation# 8his results in an extracellular fluid ofhigh protein content, with cell de'ris present and high specific gravity (/1!"!#

8his is in contrast to transudate where the extracellular fluid is an ultrafiltrate of 'lood

plasma and thus larger molecules such as proteins and cell de'ris are a'sent

References

1 = a b c 8he >niversity of >tah ? .pencer . ccles 4ealth .ciences i'rary /We'0ath images / @$nflammation@http:&&li'rarymedutahedu&We'0ath&$;F48&$;F!5"html

" = a b c 4effner J, Arown , Aar'ieri + (1BBC# @)iagnostic value of tests thatdiscriminate 'etween exudative and transudative pleural effusions 0rimary .tudy$nvestigators@ Chest 111 (3#: BC!9D! doi:1!12CD&chest1113BC! 0$) B1!5%CC

2 = a b ight 7, acgregor , uchsinger 0, Aall W (1BC"# @0leural effusions: the

diagnostic separation of transudates and exudates@ Ann Intern Med 77 (3#: %!C9120$) 353"C21

3 ^ 7oth AJ, Eeara 8F, ragun W4 (1BB!# @8he serumGeffusion al'umingradient in the evaluation of pleural effusions@ Chest 98 (2#: %359Bdoi:1!12CD&chestBD2%35 0$) "1%"C%C

% ^ @$ HuiI: 0leural *denocarcinoma@ http:&&mededucsdedu&isp&1BB3&imGuiI&pleuadenhtm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate_dehydrogenasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_note-urlIM_Quiz:_Pleural_Adenocarcinoma-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivalta_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exudatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integumentary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_note-WebPath-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light's_criteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_ventricularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrhosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoalbuminaemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoalbuminaemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinuriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exudatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-WebPath_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-WebPath_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-WebPath_1-2http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/INFLHTML/INFL062.htmlhttp://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/INFLHTML/INFL062.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-Heffner_2-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-Heffner_2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-Heffner_2-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1378%2Fchest.111.4.970http://dx.doi.org/10.1378%2Fchest.111.4.970http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9106577http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-Light.27s_3-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-Light.27s_3-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4642731http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4642731http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-pmid2152757_4-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1378%2Fchest.98.3.546http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2152757http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2152757http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2152757http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-urlIM_Quiz:_Pleural_Adenocarcinoma_5-0http://meded.ucsd.edu/isp/1994/im-quiz/pleuaden.htmhttp://meded.ucsd.edu/isp/1994/im-quiz/pleuaden.htmhttp://meded.ucsd.edu/isp/1994/im-quiz/pleuaden.htmhttp://meded.ucsd.edu/isp/1994/im-quiz/pleuaden.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate_dehydrogenasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_note-urlIM_Quiz:_Pleural_Adenocarcinoma-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivalta_testhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exudatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integumentary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_note-WebPath-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light's_criteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_ventricularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrhosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoalbuminaemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoalbuminaemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinuriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exudatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-WebPath_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-WebPath_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-WebPath_1-2http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/INFLHTML/INFL062.htmlhttp://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/INFLHTML/INFL062.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-Heffner_2-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-Heffner_2-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-Heffner_2-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1378%2Fchest.111.4.970http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9106577http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-Light.27s_3-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-Light.27s_3-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4642731http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-pmid2152757_4-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1378%2Fchest.98.3.546http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifierhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2152757http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transudate#cite_ref-urlIM_Quiz:_Pleural_Adenocarcinoma_5-0http://meded.ucsd.edu/isp/1994/im-quiz/pleuaden.htmhttp://meded.ucsd.edu/isp/1994/im-quiz/pleuaden.htmhttp://meded.ucsd.edu/isp/1994/im-quiz/pleuaden.htm


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