1_4. cn transmission media (1)

8/3/2019 1_4. CN Transmission Media (1)

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TransmissionMedia


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Transmission medium and physical layer


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Classes of transmission media


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Guided Media

Twisted-Pair Cable

Coaxial Cable

Fiber-Optic Cable


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Twisted-pair cable


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UTP and STP


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Categories of unshielded twisted-pair cables

Category Bandwidth Data Rate Digital/Analog Use

1 very low < 100 kbps Analog Telephone

2 < 2 MHz 2 Mbps Analog/digital T-1 lines

3 16 MHz 10 Mbps Digital LANs



6 (draft) 200 MHz 200 Mbps Digital LANs

7 (draft) 600 MHz 600 Mbps Digital LANs


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UTP connector


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UTP performance

(Thickness of wire


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Coaxial cable


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Table 7.2 Categories of coaxial cables

Category Impedance Use

RG-59 75W

Cable TV

RG-58 50 W Thin EthernetRG-11 50 W Thick Ethernet


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BNC connectors

Bayone-Neill-Concelman(BNC)

Used in TV setUsed in

Eathernetnetwork

Used at end ofthe cable


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Coaxial cable performance


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Bending of light ray


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Optical fiber


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Propagation modes


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Modes


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Fiber types

Type Core Cladding Mode

50/125 50 125 Multimode, graded-index

62.5/125 62.5 125 Multimode, graded-index

100/125 100 125 Multimode, graded-index

7/125 7 125 Single-mode


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Fiber construction


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Fiber-optic cable connectors


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Optical fiber performance


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Unguided Media: Wireless

Radio Waves

Microwaves

Infrared


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Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication


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Propagation methods


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Bands

Band Range Propagation Application

VLF 3

30 KHz Ground Long-range radio navigation

LF 30300 KHz GroundRadio beacons and

navigational locators

MF 300 KHz3 MHz Sky AM radio

HF 3

30 MHz Sky

Citizens band (CB),

ship/aircraft communication

VHF 30300 MHzSky and

line-of-sight

VHF TV,

FM radio

UHF 300 MHz3 GHz Line-of-sightUHF TV, cellular phones,

paging, satellite

SHF 330 GHz Line-of-sight Satellite communication

EHF 30300 GHz Line-of-sight Long-range radio navigation

l


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Wireless transmission waves

O idi i l


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Omnidirectional antennas


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Frequency range of radio waves are 3 KHz

to 1GHz. Radio waves are omnidirecional

and sky transmission in nature. Radio waves

are used for multicast communications, such

as radio and television, cordless phones and

paging systems.

U idi ti l t


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Unidirectional antennas


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Microwaves frequency range is between

1GHz to 300GHz. These waves are

unidirectional and line in sighttransmission. Microwaves are used for

unicast communication such as cellular

telephones, satellite networks, and wirelessLANs.


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Frequency range of infrareds are between

300GHz to 400THz. Infrared signals can beused for short-range communication in a

closed area using line-of-sight propagation.

1_4. cn transmission media (1)

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