GuidebookHarini, Charmi, Meghana, and Divyanshi

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Table of Contents1.Introduction 8. Western Grebe

BIRD 9.Willet 1.Canvasback 10. California Gull 2.Brandt’s Cormorant 11. Sandpiper3.Heermann’s Gull 12. Bufflehead4. Double Crested Cormorant 13. Snowy plover5.Pied Bill Grebe 14. Coot 6. Pacific Loon 15. Common Murre 7. Brown Pelican 16. Mallard Duck

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Table of ContentsPLANTS17. Chain fern18. Water Buttercup19. Red Elderberry20. Arroyo Willow

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22. conclusion23.Harini’s bibliography for websites, books and pictures24. Cha

QUIZ21. Quiz Questions22. Quiz Answers

Introduction

Visualize you being a bird swimming in the glistening lake and soaring into the wind or a Brown Pelican or a Common Murre diving to catch a fish. Take a moment and think about you being a plant growing day by day and being one with the nature.

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Animal Title Page

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CanvasbackThe Canvasback bird is a rusty red-headed bird with a white body and

black chest and rear-end. They eat seeds, buds, leaves, tubers,roots,

snails, and insect larvae. They breed annually and nest from April to June

with a peak in mid to late May. They lay about 5-11 eggs per season.Other

names are Morillon à dos blanc (French), and Pato coacoxtle (Spanish).

● Habitat: Lake or Pond● Wingspan: 31.1 - 35 inches● Weight: 30.4-56 oz● Size: 48 - 56 cm or 18.90 - 22.05 in.● Lifespan: 22 yrs. and 7 mo. (oldest).● Average: unknown

Two male and female Canvasback

birds swimming.

Brandt’s CormorantThe Brandt’s Cormorant is a dark and pale creature. They eat fish, squid,

shrimp, and crab. The male and female birds both help to build the nest fortheir eggs. Sometimes the pair use the same nest every year. The female lays1-6 eggs which is pale blue or bluish white. The birds are born featherless andhelpless. Other names are Cormorán de Brandt, Sargento guanero, Patobuzo, and Cormoran de Brandt (Spanish).

● Habitat: Ocean● Wingspan: 42.5 in.● Weight: 49.4-95.2 oz.● Size: 34”● Lifespan: 17 yrs. and 9 mo.● Average: 6 years

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Brandt’s

Cormorant.

Heermann’s GullThe Heermann’s Gull is a white headed bird with a red beak and

gray body. It eats small fish, lizards, insects, refuse, carrion, and marineinvertebrates. The female bird lays about 1-3 eggs that are a pale bluish,grey to olive, with brown blotches. Other names are Goéland deHeermann (French). Gaviota de Heermann, Gaviota mexicana(Spanish).

● Habitat: West coast in U.S● Wingspan: 40.9–45.3 in.

● Weight: 13.1–22.7 oz.

● Size: 19” in length and 51” wide.● Lifespan: 3-10 years.● Average: Unknown.

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Heermann’s Gull

Double Crested CormorantThe Double Crested Cormorant is a black bird with a pinch of yellow-

orange color. They feed on fish and some squid. The female lays 3-4 eggsand hatches around 25-29 days. The other names are Cormoran àaigrettes (French) and Cormorán Orejudo, Cormorán Bicrestado, Corúade Mar (Spanish).

● Habitat: Ocean● Wingspan: 42.5”● Weight: 49.4-95.2 oz.● Size: 32”● Lifespan: 17 yrs. 9 mo. (Oldest)● Average: 6 yrs.

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Double Crested Cormorant

Pied Bill GrebeThe Pied Bill Grebe is widely spread across the

US it is mostly found in bays,lakes,ponds,and anything else but mainly in marshes.

The Pied Bill Grebe eats aquatic insects, crustaceans, small fish, mollusks,leeches,small amounts of aquatic plants, and more.

There eggs are normally bluish white and stained brown eggs and both the parents sit on the egg.

Some fun facts are they have lobbed feet,are rarely seen in flight,and the young can fly as soon as they hatch.

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● 11.8- 15 inches in length

● Wingspan is 17.7-24.4

inches

● Weighs 8.9-20 ounces

● Life span is 10-12 years

“Female Grebe carrying

young and male catching fish

for young”

Pacific LoonThe Pacific Loon eats mostly small

fish,crustaceans,and insects.The Pacific Loons breeding range

extends from Northern Canada and as far east as the Hudson Bay and Baffin Islands.

The Pacific loon lays 1-2 eggs,rarely 3 and it’s eggs are blackish brown.

Some fun facts are the Pacific and Arctic loons look exactly the same and the loon walks on land a different way from the other birds so it can’t take flight from land.

● 22.8-29.1 inches● Can live 25- 30+ years● 35.3-88.2 ounces● wingspan is 43.3- 50.4

inches

11“Pacific Loon catching fish.”

Brown PelicanThe Brown Pelican is a coastal bird rarely

found away from sea, they nest in southern California and Northern Mexico. During breeding season they travel along middle and northern California up to Washington.

● Life Span is 15-25 years

● Immense beak with 6 and

½ foot wingspan

● 48 inches

● 6-7 pounds

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Their diet mostly consists of fish since they live along the coast such as smelt,anchovies,and menhaden.

Some fun facts are they can dive up to 30 feet,they use their pouches as dip nests,and their throat can hold up to to 3 gallons of water.

During breeding season they lay 3-4 eggs.They feed regurgitated food to babies, but when 5-7 weeks they can start finding their own food. “Brown Pelican taking off”

Western GrebeWestern Grebes are mostly found in salt

water bays,but during breeding season they are found in marshes each are mixed with fresh water and vegetation.There breeding areas are found from northern California-South Central Canada.

There diet is mainly fish but they also scan the waters for mollusks and crustaceans.

Western Grebe usually lay 2-4 eggs and built their nest out of floatable vegetation. Did you know there nest can float up to 10 feet in the water!

Some fun facts are the Western Grebe is the largest North American Grebe and during breeding season they do a dance called a weed dance where they raise their chests and

rub their bills with water plants.

● Life span is 9-16 years● Wingspan is 31.1-33.9 inches● Length is 21.7-29.5 inches● 2-4 pounds

13“ Western Grebes swimming together”

Willet

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A willet eats aquatic beetles, fish, spiders, small crabs, worms, fiddler, mole crabs and other animals. A

willet has brown or gray winter

colors. Willets have a black stripe

running through each wing. They are

long-legged, straight-billed birds.

During breeding season which is May

to July they soon begin nesting. The

time takes 22 to 29 days for a baby

to hatch . Young willets can fly about

4 weeks after hatching. A average

Willet lives an average of 10.25 (high)

years.

-Its length is 13–16.1 in

- It weighs 7.1–11.6 oz

- Its wingspan is 27.6 in

Willet

California Gull

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A california gull eats fish, insects,

earthworms, small mammals, grain,

garbage, fruit, and other animals.It has a

yellow bill with black ring near the tip and

a red spot ,head and underparts are

white.Wingtips are black with white

spots.

The legs yellow-green.During the

breeding season which is from May to

July a pair is formed. After the nest is

built the egg laying begins. The birds lay

one egg every other day until they have

laid between two to five eggs. The eggs

hatch after about 24 days. A california

gull can live up to 24 years average.

-Its length is 18.5–21.3 in

- It weighs 15.2–36.9 oz

-Its wingspan is 51.2 in

California Gull

Sandpiper

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Sandpipers feed on crustaceans,

insects, worms, and other

creatures. The sandpiper has a

brown upper body and a white

underside.During the breeding

season which is between May

and August females come and

make a breeding territory. The

male comes later. The female

lays about 4 eggs.The eggs are

incubated for 19 to 22 days.The

male takes care of the eggs the

most. A sandpiper can live up to

7 years.

-It's length is 7.5 to 8.25 in

-Its weight 1.5 to 2.5 oz

-It's wingspan is about 10.2–

14.6 in

Sandpiper

Bufflehead

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Bufflehead eat invertebrates,

crustaceans, mollusks, larvae,

large zooplankton , and snails.A

Bufflehead duck has a green and

purple on its neck. Females are a

gray with a white patch on the

cheek.Buffleheads breed one time

every year between late winter

and early April Females lay eggs

between late April and mid-May.

They lay about of 9 eggs.

Females sit on the eggs to keep

them warm. years.The eggs hatch

about 30 days later. The life span

can live up to 13 years.

-It's length 12.6–15.7 in

-It weighs 9.6–22.4 oz

-Its wingspan is 21.7 in

Bufflehead

Snowy PloverThe snowy plover is a different plover than any other plovers. Sadly, this bird is an endangered specie. It lives in the dry sandy beaches and salty flats. The mother lays three buffy eggs and when it hatches, the babies are nurtured for four weeks. After four weeks, they leave their families to live independently. All snowy plovers eat insects and small crustaceans.● 5.9 to 6.6 inches in length

● 13.4 inches in wingspan

● 34 to 58 grams in weight

● 3 years for lifespan

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Mother and

baby Plover

together

CootCoots are birds that live in freshwater marshes, wetlands, and salty marshes. They eat fishes, mollusks, and insects. The mother coot lays 8-20 eggs and after the eggs hatch the babies leave their home to live their life independently.One fun fact is that coots try to steal other bird’s food to nourish themselves. That is why they are kleptoparasitic.● 15 ½ inches in length

● 23 to 25 inches in wingspan

● 34 to 58 grams

● 9 years for lifespan

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coot is about

to lift of from

the sea

Common MurreA common murre is a half penguin and half bird animal. This animal lives at the rocky cliffs in the northern oceans. During the winter time, it lives closer to the seas. For reproduction, the baby leaves it’s family after three weeks , but it keeps in touch with its dad by vocal sounds. All common murres eats fish, squid, and other marine invertebrates. Its predators are bald eagles, gulls, ravens, foxes, and humans. Its prey are sandance, capelin, bering, and invertebrates.The lifespan of common murre is 15-20 years.

● 15 to 16.9 inches in length● 25.2 to 28 inches in wingspan

● 2.2 pounds in weight

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a common

murre standing

on a giant

rock

Mallard DuckMallard Ducks are omnivores. They are found in wetlands. These type of ducks are very common. You can identify them by looking at their wings which are half purple and blue. Mallard Ducks eat invertebrates, fish, amphibians and different types of plants. On land they eat eat grains, plants and graze on land. For reproduction, mallard ducks lay about a dozen eggs in a month.● 19.7 to 25.6 inches in length

● 32.3 to 37.4 inches in wingspan

● 2 to 3 pounds in weight

● 20 years in life span

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Two mallard ducks

sitting together

Plantspart 2

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Chain fern

Chain Ferns are plants which are a type of fern. The Woodwardia fimbriata is a type of chain fern which is found in Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Arizona, and British Columbia. This plant is very clumpy. The woodwardia Fimbriata is the largest fern in North America. Since it looks like a metal chain, you can easily identify it. Tribal people use these plants as fiber. Sadly, it is dangered by the living organisms around the world.● 6 feet in height● 3-9 feet in width

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a chain fern plant

Water Buttercup

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The water cup has 5

petals. Water buttercup

grows in marshes, ponds,

lakes, and streams. They

also are usually found in

water less than 1 meter

deep.A different name for

water buttercup are White

Water-buttercup, Water-

crowfoot. Life span varies

on where it lives.

Family: Buttercup Family

Growing Form: Water plant

Height: 4–20 in

Blooming time: June-July

Water Buttercup

Red ElderberryThe Red Elderberry flower buds are pink when closed, and the open

flowers are white, cream, or yellowish. The other names are Sambucuscallicarpa, Sambucus microbotrys, Sambucus pubens, Sambucus pubens.var. arborescens, Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa, Sambucusracemosa ssp. pubens and Sambucus racemosa var. pubens.

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● Habitat: Beaches, shorelines, fresh watersides● Size: 5ft - 30 ft.● Lifespan: Perennial (Throughout the year)● Reproduction: Fruit with 3-5 seeds.

Red

Elderberry

Arroyo Willow

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Arroyo Willow is abundantly

found in the northern hemisphere ,it is native

throughout California and Western U.S.A.

It is a woodland riparian found along edges of

streams where it gets the soil it needs.

Some fun facts are it’s hormones are used to help

other plant cuttings take root.There is also a chemical

called willow aspron that cure illnesses such as

diarrhea and fever.

The inner bark was used by native americans for

ropes,baskets,stakes, and more.

● Can Grow up to 30 feet

● Life Span is up to 86 years

“Young arroyo Willow beside a stream”

ConclusionFrom Pelicans to ducks, loons to sandpiper, and snowy plover we

should respect all these majestic and interesting animals, especially

since animals such as the snowy plover, pied bill grebe,and pacific

loon are endangered. We have to care for these animals by treating

them with respect when we go to the marin headlands because they

form an important ecosystem of marin headlands and without them

marin headlands would not be the same.

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Quiz Questions1. Who takes most care of the eggs the female or the male Sandpiper?2. How many eggs does a female snowy plover lay? 3. What do tribal people use for fiber?4. What dance do the Western Grebes do?5. What animal has Pato coacoxtle as a mexican name. 6.What animals or plants in our field book are endangered?

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Quiz Answers1.The male takes care the most.2. The female snowy plover lays three buffy eggs.3. Tribal people use chain fern plants as fiber.4. The Western Grebes do a dance called weed dance5. The animal that has Pato coacoxtle as a mexican name is the canvasback.6.The Snowy Plover,Pied Bill Grebe,and Pacific Loon are endangered

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Harini’s Websites used● http://www.alaskasealife.org/New/visitors/?page=common-murre.php

● http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/mallard-duck

● http://www.rainyside.com/plant_gallery/natives/Woodwardia_fimbriata.html

● http://identify.whatbird.com/obj/65/overview/American_Coot.aspx

.

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Harini’s Bibliography ForWebsites

1. <http://www.alaskasealife.org/New/visitors/?page=common-murre.php>

2."Mallard Ducks, Mallard Duck Pictures, Mallard Duck Facts - National Geographic." National Geographic. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.

<http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/mallard-duck/>

3."Woodwardia Fimbriata." - GIANT CHAIN FERN. Web. 20 Mar. 2015.

<http://www.rainyside.com/plant_gallery/natives/Woodwardia_fimbriata.html>

4. "Field Guide to Birds of North America." American Coot. Web. 24 Mar. 2015.

<http://identify.whatbird.com/obj/65/overview/American_Coot.aspx>.

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● http://www.tringa.org/images/1702_Common_Murre_06-20-2011_1.jpg

● http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4038/4618785470_42e37594b2.jpg

● http://greglasley.com/images/A/American-Coot-0026.jpg

● http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bd/Ducks_in_plymouth,_massachusetts-edit1.jpg

● http://images.irunfar.com/wp-content/uploads/Muir-Beach.jpg

● http://cdn1.arkive.org/media/03/03D398BA-DF55-49A2-B909-

70C5D69EBE10/Presentation.Large/Chain-fern-leaves.jpg

● http://www.hartstoneinn.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/pansy.jpg

Harini’s Pictures Used

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Harini’s Bibliography forBooks

1. snowy plover- Vanner Michael, The encyclopedia of North American Birds,

Pargan, Bath Uk, 2002

2. coot- Vanner Michael, The encyclopedia of North American Birds, Pargan,

Bath, Uk, 2002

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Harini’s Bibliography for Pictures

1.Baby Birdorable : Snowy Plover In Plovers, Baby Birds. Digital image. Www.birdorable.com. 1 Jan. 2010. Web.

2. Animals For Coots Flying. Digital image. Animal-kid.com. Web.

3.Common Murre 1. Digital image. Www.tringa.org. Web

4.Wikipedia:Featured Picture Candidates/Two Mallard Ducks. Digital image. En.wikipedia.org. Web.

5.Chain Fern Videos, Photos and Facts - Woodwardia Radicans. Digital image.Www.arkive.org. Web.

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Charmi’s Pictures used

1. http://www.enature.com/fieldguides/detail.asp?recNum=TS04262. http://www.arkive.org/double-crested-cormorant/phalacrocorax-auritus/3. http://birdweb.org/birdweb/bird/brandts_cormorant4. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canvasback/id5. http://www.oceanoasis.org/fieldguide/laru-hee.html

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Charmi’s Websites Used1. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canvasback/id2. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Brandts_Cormorant/lifehistory3. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Double-crested_Cormorant/id4. http://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_sara2.pdf.

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Charmi’s bibliography for pictures1. "Red Elderberry Sambucus Racemosa Var. Racemosa (Sambucus Pubens, Sambucus

Callicarpa, Sambucus Microbotrys)." ENature: FieldGuides: Species Detail. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <http://www.enature.com/fieldguides/enlarged.asp?imageID=20222>.

2. "The Beautiful Heermann's Gull." Birdorable RSS. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <http://www.birdorable.com/blog/the-beautiful-heermanns-gull/>.

3. "Double-crested Cormorant Videos, Photos and Facts." - Phalacrocorax Auritus. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <http://www.arkive.org/double-crested-cormorant/phalacrocorax-auritus/>.

4. "Critter Catalog." BioKIDS. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Aythya_valisineria/>.

5. "Brandt's Cormorant." BirdWeb. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <http://birdweb.org/birdweb/bird/brandts_cormorant>.

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Charmi’s bibliography for Websites

1. "Canvasback." , Identification, All About Birds. Web. 17 Mar. 2015. <http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canvasback/id>.

2. "Brandt's Cormorant." , Life History, All About Birds. Web. 17 Mar. 2015. <http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Brandts_Cormorant/lifehistory>.

3. "Double-crested Cormorant." , Identification, All About Birds. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Double-crested_Cormorant/id>.

4. "Heermann's Gull." , Life History, All About Birds. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Heermanns_Gull/lifehistory>.

5. "Red Elderberry." Web. 17 Mar. 2015. <http://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_sara2.pdf>.

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Charmi’s bibliography for books

1. Angier, Bradford. Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Print.2. Medve, Richard J., and Mary Lee Medve. Edible Wild Plants of Pennsylvania and Neighboring

States. University Park [Pa.: Pennsylvania State UP, 1990. Print.3. Telander, Todd. "Cormorants." Birds of the Pacific Northwest. 35. Print.

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Divyanshi’s pictures used

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Divyanshi’s Websites used

●

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http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/pelican/●

●● http://www.seattleaudubon.org/birdweb/bird/brown_pelican

http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/brown_pelican/lifehistory

http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Pied-billed_Grebe

● http://www.ct.gov/deep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=326056

●http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/piedgrebe.htm

http://birdweb.org/birdweb/bird/pied-billed_grebe

Divyanshi’s Websites used● Salix lasiolepis (Arroyo Willow) :: Golden Gate National …

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● http://birdweb.org/birdweb/bird/western_grebe

Western Grebe, Identification, All About Birds - Cornell Lab ...

http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Grebe

● http://northwestwildlife.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Western-grebe.pdf

Divyanshi’s bibliography for picture

● Higgins, Paul. Western Grebe. Digital image. Western Grebe. 18 Apr.

2010.

● Chappell, Mark. Pacific Loon. Digital image. www.arkive.org. Web.

● Pied Bill Grebe Baby Feeding. Digital image. Forums. 16 June 2010. Web.

● Rattigan, Charlie. Brown Pelicans. Digital image. Audubon Guides. 1 May

2013. Web.

● Arroyo Willow. Digital image. Willows of the Columbia River Gorge of

Oregon and Washington. 20 Apr. 2012. Web.

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Divyanshi’s bibliography for books and Encyclopedias

1.Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 26 Mar. 2015

2."Brown Pelican." Beacham's Guide to the Endangered Species

of North America. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 27 Mar. 2015

<http://www.encyclopedia.com>."

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Meghana’s Websites Used● http://thewildclassroom.com/biodiversity/problemplants/species/Water%20Bu

ttercup.htm

● http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/common-water-crowfoot

● http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Bufflehead/lifehistory#at_food

● http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Bucephala_albeola/

http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/common-sandpiper/

http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Sandpiper/lifehistory

● http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White_buttercup.jpg

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● http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bufflehead_(Bucephala

_albeola).jpg

● http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Actitis_macularius/

● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_sandpiper

● http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Larus_californicus/

● http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Gull/lifehistory

● http://seagullsteve.blogspot.com/2012/08/cathartic-california-

birding-yellow.html

● http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Willet/lifehistory#at_behavio

r

● http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Catoptrophorus_semipal

matus/

● http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Willet_bird.jpg

Meghana’s Bibliography For PicturesDigital image. Http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Willet_bird.jpg. Web.

Digital image. Http://seagullsteve.blogspot.com/2012/08/cathartic-california-birding-yellow.html. Web.

Digital image. Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_sandpiper. Web.

Digital image. Http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White_buttercup.jpg. Web.

Digital image. Http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bufflehead_(Bucephala_albeola).jpg. Web.

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Meghana’s Bibliography For Websites

Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bufflehead_(Bucephala_albeola).jpg>

Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Actitis_macularius/>.

"Western Sandpiper." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_sandpiper>

Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Larus_californicus/>.

"California Gull." , Life History, All About Birds. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.

<http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Gull/lifehistory>.

"Bourbon, Bastards, and Birds." : Cathartic California Birding: The Yellow-footed Gull. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.

<http://seagullsteve.blogspot.com/2012/08/cathartic-california-birding-yellow.html>.

"Willet." , Life History, All About Birds. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Willet/lifehistory#at_behavior>.

"Critter Catalog." BioKIDS. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Catoptrophorus_semipalmatus/>.

Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Willet_bird.jpg>.

"Water Buttercup - Ranunculus AquatilisFamily: Ranunculaceae." Water Buttercup. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.

<http://thewildclassroom.com/biodiversity/problemplants/species/Water Buttercup.htm>

"Luontoportti." Common Water Crowfoot, Ranunculus Aquatilis. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.

<http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/common-water-crowfoot>.

"Bufflehead." , Life History, All About Birds. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.

<http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Bufflehead/lifehistory#at_food>.

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Meghana’s Bibliography For Websites

"Critter Catalog." BioKIDS. Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Bucephala_albeola/>.

Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/common-sandpiper/

http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Sandpiper/lifehistory>.

"Western Sandpiper." , Life History, All About Birds. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.

<http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Sandpiper/lifehistory>.

Web. 27 Mar. 2015. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White_buttercup.jpg>.

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Meghana’s Bibliography for BooksWillet. Hartford: Connecticut Dept. of Environmental Protection, Wildlife Division, 1993. Print

Winkler, David Ward. California Gull: Larus Californicus. Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union ;, 1996. Print.

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