Chapter 4 The variety of resources on Earth

4.1 The Various Resources on Earth

Living natural resources

Plants(fruits, oil, vegetables )

Non-living natural resources

Water Air Soil

Animals(milk, meat )

Soil Minerals Fossil fuels Metals Non-metal

Nitrogen bulb

Oxygen is one of the gases that we breathe in everyday from the air

Pure carbon dioxide gas can be poured because it is heavier than air

Element, Compounds and Mixtures

Element can be divided into : Metals ( Logam) All metal element in solid

form but except for mercury which exist in liquid

Non- metals (bukan logam ) Non-metal elements exist

in all state. Solid, liquid and gas at room temperatureliquid

Example of metalCalcium, copper, gold, lead, magnesium, platinum, potassium, silver, sodium

temperature Example of non-metal

Sulphur, carbon, bromine, oxygen, neon, hydrogen,

Cobalt chloride indicatorMoist / Damp( basah)

Colour : Pink

Dry(kering)

Colour : Blue

Gas tests Hydrogen ()What you will observe:

-Your light splint (Popsicle stick) will POP POP and go out.

Oxygen ()What you will observe:-Your glowing splint will re-light

and go out.

Why does this happen:-Hydrogen gas is very

flammable and in the presence of heat or fire it will explode at a certain temperature.

What does that mean:-This happened because

Oxygen is part of the fire triangle. The fire triangle is composed of three things: Fuel, Heat energy source and Oxygen.

Mixture (campuran )

Brass Iced miloPaint

Nasi lemak Ice kacang Sugar solution

Example of variety type of mixture and its components

Formation of compound ( sebatian)

In chemical reactions the chemical identities of substances change. Here, a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen undergoes a chemical change to form water.

The differences between compounds and mixture

Separation of mixtures

To separate insoluble solids (pepejal tak larut) from

Method : Filtration( penurasan)

) from the liquid in a solid-liquid mixtures

E.g. To separate water and sand

Separation of mixtures

Distillation (penyulingan)To separate a solvent from a liquid or solid-liquid mixture. Two types of processes to take place

(a) Boilingliquid vapour/Gas

(b) Condensationvapour Liquid

E.g. To separate water from salt solution

Using magnet

To separate substances which are attracted to a magnet from other objects made from non-objects made from non-magnetic materials

E.g. To separate iron filings and sulphur

ExtractionTo separate liquid substances that do not mix well and with different

Oil with different densities.

E.g. To separate oil from water

Water

Chromatography Separates coloured components in a mixtures

Sieving (penapisan) To separate mixture

of solid substances with different sizes.

AIR ( udara) Oxygen : i. Breathing / cell respiration

(penafasan)ii. Combustion / burning

Carbon dioxide (karbon dioksida ): i. To put out of fireii. Importance for photosynthesis

(fotosintesis)

Soil and mineral

Soil is habitat( tempat tinggal) for many types of living

Soil contains water and minerals which is vital for the growing of plants.

types of living organisms ( bendahidup).

Fossil fuel

To provide energy for household use, factories household use, factories and power stations to generate electricity.

Water Regulates body

temperature.

Controls the Controls the concentration of blood ( mengawalkepekatan darah).

Living things As food, medicine, fibre, building materials

and so on.

Conservation

Conservation of recourses involves the intelligent use and care of our resourcescare of our resources

Preservation The act of keeping the resources in their

original state.

Example :Example :i) Find alternative resources, such as solar energy to replace depleting resources such as petroleum) ii) to prevent the extinction of flora and fauna.