1900• Italy's King Assassinated • Kodak Introduces $1 Brownie Cameras • Max Planck Formulates Quantum Theory • Freud Publishes The Interpretation of Dreams 1901• Australia Becomes a Commonwealth • First Nobel Prizes Awarded • First Trans-Atlantic Radio Signal • Queen Victoria Dies • U.S. President McKinley Assassinated 1902• Boer War Ends • Mount Pelée Erupts • The Teddy Bear Is Introduced • U.S. Passes the Chinese Exclusion Act 1903• First Flight at Kitty Hawk • First License Plates Issued in the U.S. • First Message to Travel Around the World • First Silent Movie, The Great Train Robbery • First World Series • Plague in India 1904• First Popular American Film • Ground Broken on Panama Canal • New York City Subway Opens • Russo-Japanese War Begins • Trans-Siberian Railway Completed

1905• "Bloody Sunday" - Russian Revolution of 1905 • Einstein Proposes His Theory of Relativity • Freud Publishes His Theory of Sexuality 1906• The Dreadnought Launched • Finland First European Country to Give Women the Right

to Vote • Kellogg's Starts Selling Corn Flakes • President Roosevelt Simplifies Spelling • San Francisco Earthquake • Upton Sinclair Writes The Jungle 1907• Ten Rules of War Established at the Second Hague Peace

Conference • First Electric Washing Machine • Picasso Introduces Cubism • Typhoid Mary Captured for the First Time 1908• Ford Introduces the Model-T • SOS Accepted as Universal Distress Signal • Turks Revolt in the Ottoman Empire 1909• Japan's Prince Ito is Assassinated • NAACP Is Founded • Plastic Is Invented • Robert Peary Becomes the First to Reach the North Pole

What themes can be identified from this timeline?

The Early 20th Century

Culturally – la belle époque/ the gilded age/Victorian-Edwardian• Flowering of the arts, jazz, impressionism, cubism etc.• Bohemian lifestyles• Cult of the orchid• Realism, Expressionism, Naturalism• Spirit of invention and innovation

The Early 20th Century

Politically - New Imperialism

- Scramble for Africa, Middle East- Britain threatened by Germany

- Classism- Strict class distinctions

- Work, play, identity- Working class consciousness: Anarchism, Socialism

The British Empire

What is motivating this contemporary imperialism?

Canada in the 21st Century…..

“The 20th Century belongs to Canada.”-- Wilfred Laurier, Prime Minister

Canada in the 20th Century

Building a “nation”• Negotiating tensions

French and English

West and East

First Nations

Immigrants

United States

Britain

Manitoba Schools Question, Louis Riel

Resources, role in Confederation

Residential Schools, Reserves

Chinese head tax, Komagata Maru

Alaska Boundary dispute, free trade (“No truck or trade with the Yankees!”)

Boer War, Alaska Boundary, JCPC

Canada in the 20th Century

Building an “identity”• What goes into a personal identity? A national identity?• What does it mean to be Canadian?

Groups 1 & 2• Describe what it means to be Canadian in 2010.

Groups 3 & 4• Describe what it means to be Canadian in 1910.

Groups 5 & 6• Article Analysis

Consider:• Canada’s role in the world• Contemporary issues, struggles, challenges, opportunities and strengths• Seminal events• Contemporary influences

Groups 1 & 2• Describe what it means to be Canadian in 2010.

Groups 3 & 4• Describe what it means to be Canadian in 1910.

http://magazine.carleton.ca/2000_Spring/172.htm

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/opinions/columnists/patrick-brethour/2010-the-year-canada-grew-up/article1625264/

The Boer War

The Boer War

• The Boer War was Canada’s first 20th Century war which it fought as a dominion in the British Empire.

• Part of the British Empire• Very popular in English Canada – French

Canada – not so much• The “glory of battle”, heroism

Boer War Background

• Britain justified declaring war on the small Boer republic by claiming that British citizen’s resident in the republics were denied rights, that the Boers were slave –states and that if Britain did not control Southern Africa’s gold and diamonds, Germany and other rivals of Britain would.

• Remember; WW I is only 12 years after the Boer War.

Canada Responds

• Opposition from French Canadians, new immigrants and others who wondered why Canada had a stake in a war against the Boers.

• Seen as Heroic Imperial struggle in English Canada

• Lord Strathcona’s Horse created in Western Canada and sent off.

Canadian Troops at an Aid Station

POST WAR CANADA• Veterans of the Boer War were granted settlement

land and were celebrated when they returned• For Anglo Canadians the war was a coming of age –

Canada had contributed to the defence of the Empire• Canadians responded enthusiastically to WWI, in part

because of the experience in the Boer War• Nationalism and support for Empire seemed

compatible

Laurier and Canada

• Prime Minister 1896-1911• Creation of Yukon, Alberta and Sask• Responded to British naval build up with so

called “Tin Pot Nay” – a Canadian built and operated navy that would be used in concert with the RN in war time. Britain wanted financial contributions to pay for new battleships, largest of which were Dreadnoughts

HMS DREADNOUGHT 1906

Laurier Cont.

• Canadian Conservative Robert Borden and his party opposed ‘Tin Pot Navy’ and supported the British plan

• Laurier proposed Free Trade with United States which along with the naval plan were key issues in the 1911 election

• Borden’s Conservatives countered with “No Truck nor Trade” with the Yankees and won

Key Pre War Themes

• Imperial Rivalries (German ambitions countered by older imperial powers especially in Africa)

• France threatened by growing German influence and alliance with Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy, seeks closer ties with Britain (entente cordial)

• “Arms Race” led to large armies and naval competition – made possible by Industrialization