" ,

•.. \)"

t, l t. , I' .

r , I

: I

~ "

w 0 R lJ D'

,\ I .

MET E 0 R 0 LOG I CAL o R G A N I Z; AT): 0' 1'J

ANNUAL REPOHT FOR 1951

'1'0 THE MEIIIIBERS OF THE

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

(with some indications on the work accomplished by March 1952)

1" . ,

, "

; . " .

''';

I I )

.. (

" ,"" - :' " , ..... .

, : : /' " ~ . .'

" '1; ,-...

CONTENTS

Introduotion

P~rt . I - Constitution and structure of the WMO.

1 ~ ' Origin of WlVI.O

2. ' Ratific~tion and accession to the World Meteorologioal Convention

3. Admission of new Members

. 4. · Regulations

5. Structure

6. Formation of constituent bodies

7. First Congress

8. First session of the Exeoutive Committee

, 9. Second session of the Executive Committee

10. Calendar of Conferences- 1952

Part II - Relations with other Organizations and States. _~ ... ,._ .... " •• ~~ ___ •.•• _.":", ' . _ "'_,N ' _', ' . . .... _ "._ ..... ..... .. ,. ,,_ .. _.~ ., ."., .~" •.•• _ . N' " M' .•.•• "H ••.•. _.~._ ... " ...... " . ,_ ."." _ ·.H •••. H .• • .• __ ,_ ._ •.••• , •• _ .......... r. · ._. ~'"._ .. _._ ....... "" .... " .... ""."' ...... .. ...... ... ' . . H •• """." •• " '._".~, •.•. _ ... " ........... ....... _ ...... _ . _ .. _ • • ••• , _ _

11. Agreement between the United Nations and the World Meteorological Organization

12 • . UN Convention on Privileges and Immunities

13~ Agreement between the Svviss FederalCounoil and the WMO

14. Arrangements or agreements with other Specialized Agenoies and international ·organizations

15. Participation of WMO in the 'activities of other ' international organizations

16. Technical Assistance

~~r~ ___ !~_~. ' - ~~~~_r.:~._~.!?:~.~.~.Y~ __ .~~~ .. !~.::~:.r:_?.~_~~ .. _ ~~.~_~~_~ ~~.~ 17. Transfer ofWMO Secretariat to Geneva

18. Staff pension plans

19. Common services

20. Future permanent accommodation of mKO Headquarters

21. ' Information

22. Library

23. Publications

24. Staff changes

25 • . Contributions and Working Capital Fund

26. Budgetary Position

27. Loan from the United Nations

..... ..:'

,J .

,J

" '.

t. ) ' {

~~:Ji_~~ - .~e~hn~oa~ .. __ gue~~~~~~~. . \

280 Preparation of Teohnioal Regulations

29. Ob'serving Manual for Airorev/s

30. International Cloud Atlas

31. World maps of thunderstorm aotivity

Annexes ' g ~.-.------ ...... -

I List of Publioations of the YfM.o

II Staff ohanges (see para .. 24)

III Contributiqns and Working Capital Fund 1951 (see para. 25) IV Contributions and Working Capi tal Fund 1952 (see para. 25) 'V Budgetary Position (see para. 26) •

-j

, . I N T ROD U C T ION

During the first eight months after its establishment the new World Meteorological Organization was engaged primarily wi th the work of reorganizing the staff and facili tj.8S inberi ted from its predecessor, the International Meteorologic al Organization" At -the close of the year 195.1 the Organization stl_ll had much to do in acoomplishing the -mul tipl­iei ty of tasks authorized boY the First Congress in Paris in March and April, 19510 The expansion of its techni o al programme and the speeding­up of the aotivities of its se-veral constituent bodies depended largely upon inorease in the staff of the Secretariat expeoted early in 1952~ The main points on whioh the O:-ganization r s activity was focused and on whioh further details e.re given later in this report are the following:

(c)

( d)

(e)

( f)

the est ablishment of its various organs " This task was fairly well completed for the (lons-ti tuent bodies by the -1st of January 1952, the formulation of regulations permitting the Organi2iation to oon­duct its activities within the framework established by the Congress and in accordance with well-·defined rules applicable to its bodies and to its Members; the recruitment of Secretariat personnel and development of plans for its efficient operation; the establishment of relationships and agreements between the WMO and the United Nations 9 other specialized agencie s? the Swiss Government and certain international organizations; the participation in undertakings of an international character such as teohnical assistance and research under-taken on an inter­national level (Arid Zone, Polar Year, ~.,,); the continuation and development of technical work which the International Meteorological. Organizi.:ttion (IMO), predecessor of the WMO~ had in progress and which waS transferred to the WMO when the IMO ceased to exist ,)

'1'he present annUal repo:r·t covering the lo,st elght months of 1951 has to deal largely wi th admi.nistrative and organiZational matters of the new WMO including the difficult problems of budgeting and financing for the enlarged activities of the Executi.ve Committee, the Regional Associations, the rrechnical Commissions and the Secretariat~ The para­graphs in thi s re port de aling wi th the teohnic al programme of the Organization are consequently rather brief und not in proportion to the importance of the technical and sci.entific activities which are the primary objective of the O~gardzation ;\ Upon completion of the initial organizational phases of the work~ future annual reports will give greater attention to technioal subjects~

Another feature of this report. is the dtscussion of plans for the future. The summary of plans at present being implemented even though some have only begun9 will perEli t b~tter appreciation of the broad fields in which the WMO will be acti ve ._~

Although this report normally should cove:: only the period from the 4th of April to the 31st of December 1951) it gives in cert~n parts some indication of the work car~ied out up to M&rch 19520

I I' CONSTITUTION AnD STRUCTURE , OF THE WQrtLD METEOnOLOG!CilL ORGlv.1IZ,ATION

I. Or,!gin of WMO

On April '4, 19517 the World Meteorological Or'g~nization oam~ into being as an international body, tho Me!llbe rs of 'whioh are States 0;1." Territories,. As a bro8.d inter;··governmental orgal1ization, it was dGsigned to represent the vcll'ied interests of meteorology and deal effectively wi th the many problems and applications of meteor­ology throughout the world."

Al though the \l\Jl\IIO is one of the youngest of the Specialized Agenci<?s of the UN, it h&s the benefit of over 70 yeei's of experien.()e whioh its predecessor, the International Meteorological Organiza.tion, had gathered in the field of inte~national co-operation in meteoI'-­ology and its applic ation to the aotiv'i ties of lrnJ:1kind<>

As ea.rly as 1853 8, ' meeting was held in. Brussels, ' Belgium, where an effort to reach across national boundaries dealt with a programme for oolleoting meteorological observations made by ships at sea. During the next 25 years additional conferenoes on other meteoro­'logic a1 subjeots were oonvened" at Leipzig, Vienna, Utreoht and London, and in 1818 in a oonferenoe at Utrecht, Netherlands} the Interna.tional Meteorological Organization was Elstablished" Its membership waf oomposed of the dire'ctors of the meteorological servioes of countries throughout the world, and as suoh did not have the fu].: -,. officj.al backing of governments; nevertheless, the members pure' _'lsd a.mbi tieu.s programmes of pex-fecting and standard­izing meteo .:>logioal activities, especially the services to mari­time navigr; lion, ag:riou.l tuX'e ~ and ~ at an ever increasing rate, to avi at'io:tlo

The IIvlO then expanded its plane for technioal improvements and servioes in these fields and at its Conferenoe of Direotors held at Washington, D.C." in September - October 1947, drew up the terms for the World Meteorological Convention which provided for the traasformation of the IMO into the World. Met.eorological Organiz a'tionc>

On 23rd March 1950, thirty d,alB after the thirtieth instru­ment of ratifioation or accession had been deposited with the Secretary of Stc-),te of the United Stutes, the Convention. of the World Meteorologiccu Organization came into foroeQ

One year later, in March 1951, the lust Conference of Dlreot--orB met in Paris where it transferred the functions, aotivities, assets and obligations of the IMO to the WMO and at ,thiS, its last offioial meeting ~ the IMO completed arrangements for the opening of the First Congress of the vVMO and for its own diss61ution~

By the opening of the First Session of Congress on 19th Maroh 1951, 44 States cad. become ]I1eUlbers of t.he new Organization. Delegations from 56 States and Territories and observers from 3 States, together with 7 observers from irJ.-liernational organizations attended the meeti ngs •.

'. 'Y ,

'.'

, ~ ! .,

p' • I~ .

"';' - ;

-", . ,., " i~. '~~ ;.r· I _ 10. ••

" ~l ..... ,

~: ... \ . , '

.- 2

Ratification and accession. to th~ World .M~teorol ·ogical Convention.

Since the end of the First World Meteo ·:rologi 'Ja1 Organizatj.on · (WJYIO) Congress (Paris, April 1951), the following Governments have deposited wi th the Hni ted StGrt;es Department of St ate in Washington an instrument of ratification 'ot' Qr accession to the World Meteor­olpgieal Convention of the 11th of October, 1947:

Ceylon Ecuador Denn1ar'k Haiti Netherlands Cuba

- ac~essi9n, - ratit'i~(H!J,tioll 'J

- ratification! acce$f,l}ion" ratificativn, ratification ,

23:rd J!JIHS' 1951 l'th June 1951 J.Oth July 1951

14th August 1951 12th Septembe r 1951 4th March 1952.

The Govern.1Jlent of the Netherlands, when depositing its in­strument of l -atifiGation5 st ated thCit it was applyiug the Convention, by virtue of~ its Articles 3( d) a:..'1d 34( a), to the following ter-ri tories:

Surinam Netherlands Antilles (Curacao) New Guine a (Netherl arids Indie::) ..

The total number of Memb E: rs of the Organization at the end of March 1952 was 75, 52 of which 0.1'0' States and ~.3 are ':('erritories.

,;-- .. - .

The complete list of Members of the Organization is given hereunder:

Argentina Australia

~ .. ' '-/:tL./e1gi an Congo L--~ i' ,-

".1 , Frenc h 00 e ani a 1//

',.\French Somaliland 1/' .

li.,French Togoland ~.

d.· French ~Nest Africa t./· Belgi u''ll

'L".'Be rmuda Brazil

":~-'<Bri tish ,Central Afl':lcan '1'erri tOI'ies ?>British East African Terri to'ries ­;'~J3·ri tish Malaya/Borneo Terri tories ; " :~ Bri ti~h West African Territories

Burmf;L ByeloTussiaxi SSR Canada Ceylon China Cuba 'Czechosl cvak:L a Denmark

, Dominican ~epublic Ecuador Egypt Finland

Greeoe Haiti

I r;, Hong Kong : '. Hungary

Iceland India

.!... Indochina t.,/

Indonesia Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Lebanon

. ,/' Madag aSc ar I.--

Mexico f T-, .Morocco, French Protectorate 1/

Netherlands ,~~:; Ne-therlands Antilles C.> .i (;. C:'

France -~ .

.f . French CBms:roons " ' .~ '. n ew C aled.oni a L'/'

. f- --';" New Guine a \

); French Equato:riaJ Africa I f1 \. , ,!

~' ., .. ~~ "1."', '!:""r~"'. ~ .

. " I . i

",

~J " ", '

New Zealand Norw,ay Pakistan Paraguay ' Peru Philippines Poland Portugal

? t;:'PortugueseEast ;Africa. {>"

~I,/Portuguese West Africa v 'Rumania Spain

tJ 1, Surinam 2>'~ v ,

, Sweden

* As of_ Ma~cl;-.l!.! .. ~1952.

3 • Admi s si 0 n --'?!.E~~_~.E~,!,~.

'3 -

" "

8:wi tzerland Thail und

I'

;f ~ Tuni si a t·/' ... ..... Turkey Ukrai ni an ssn Union of South Afric a lJni ted Kingd.om of Great Britain

and Northern I.reland United States of America. Union. of Soviet Soci alist

Hepublics U!'uguay Venezuel a Yugosl avia

Bulgeri a was given a.pproval to acced.G .to the i;~orld Meteoro­logical Convention during the First Congress by a vote of 33 in favour, 1 abstention and no opposition. The instrument of aoces­sion has not yet been deposited.

A request for admission to membership was presented ' to the First Congress by the Governme .'lt of iiustri a J but it oould not be aooepted because it was not submi tted in the manner presoribed by the Convention~ The Austri an Government waS informed thereof and steps are being taken to invite the submission by Austria of a request for admission in accordance with regular proceduralt

The Secretariat has been ' in correspondence with , the Govern­ments of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, San Salvad.or, Ethiopia1 · Honduras, 1i beri a, Panama, Saudi Arabi a.~ Syri a and Yemen conce rning their possible accession to the Organizationo

4. Regul at~o~~.

During this first phase of its existence, theOrganiz.ation has drawn up and adopted3

General Regulations, fixingj wi t tin the provisions of the ,Con":' vention, the constitution and functions of the v~rious bodies of the Organizationo These Regulations also contain provisions relating to the procedures to be followed inconveni!?-g , the oon­sti tuent bodies of the, Organiz ~) tion,managing their meetings and dealing with the :resul ts of theil" work; ,

Financial Regulations, in agreemf?n-c wi tll t he model provided by the Uui ted Nations, insofar a.s they are' applicable "

Staff Re,gul ations, which are an adaptation of those of the Uni ted Nations"

' ii

i'l

I , " ) ~, '

\

1: ' ;0(,

'"

4

* ; 'I, "

* *' . '

The Organization adopted and ,published a nevi edition of the "Specifications for Meteorological Services for International Air Navi- " gation ", which represented the oom-bined work of the Commission fol' ' Aeronautioal Meteorology of -thelMO and the Meteorological division ,of ICAOo These first ' Technical Regulations, which will be followed in , coming years by a series of other Rogulations co'vering the va'rious branches and applications of meteorology, have been in force since the 15th ,of Ootober 1951; they are identical with the 'oorresponding spe'oifioations of the International Civil Aviation Organization.

5. ~tructure 0.

Thestruc-cure of the Organization, is represenLed by the diagram following.

, I

J ' 1 : - I I Regional ASsociatio,n I H' J t '

" i Africa, " , I L _____________ " -1 . f

Regional Association I I1HI I , '

Asia j'

I 'j

I t

l 70RLD

I.:STEOROLOGICAL

CONGRESS

I i1'agional Association lIt 1------, I South America 1 j .j EY~CUTlVE COMIITTTEE

~~---,... -"~ '1 I I --, J

1 , }- .. '"J - " ~-- '-' , - - " .', -;::

, i ~ , Commissio"n fo,:" 1 ' , - ~ ...

r-~---i , j f. -'- --, ---

f t t ~_ 'i-- ~~ :z.:-"--

1 I r'~'

, f COIIlInission for' l~}> ----4 -" , .+,' f Instruments & M~tli<2.a~ --·i ' f of Qbs~rsrat1, Qn ", v

I f ' l-----~, I ' 1 ~--' --"i ! t 1 i ~

!, t ~$sion for 'r, 1 . Climatology"

J

I..... " ... ," ''' '' , .I.' . --ltv j ! heg~ona.L A8soc~a lI~on [VI ; I

' Advisory COrJIIli ttee i 'I on LCtminiztro.tive &1, Advisory Comrni ttee

I Financial Q;ue3tions _ _ ' \ . on Programme

i ,I ·

I Commission, for I _ North~~~i~:ntral ! I I I t f!- ~----~-

· , " -, - .. '----1 f If

I, Regional Association V I t, -1 'SECRETARIAT

I ' South-\!sst Pacific r' ·"-.\fl , . T~c~mical. Divi~i~n ,~ I Adm~n~strat1ve D~vLs1on

1 .. _,_._ .. _~_.., -----" I External Relatiom Seotion

I Regional Association vU t Europe ' ,' f J

5 -

~. - I ~ ! .... ,-".-: ..

I, . ,.

~-~, ~ ~

t i

A,S'J."icul tural " ileteorolbgy

--1 Commission :for" _ l{· t i li!ari time Uet_eorology ,I ',~ ! i ' ~: ui f ' i ; :. -

I ~ . . . '<--J', f_ Commission 'for' <" "",~-; f Syno'ptio -Meteor6-J-ogy -' "t j '-~' V'-t I

f t-

...... ,.: . ... . ~ .. . , " l/ \

- b -

' 6 Q ' 'Formation of Constituent Bodies.

. The First Congress of the ViMO established the Regional Assooia­tibns, and Technical .commissions indicated on the OrgCtnization chart in Part I . 5, but the organization of these units, and implementation of work programme, has been rather time-consuming. Members have bee'n no­minated by correspondence, and in most cases the Technical Commissions did not have sufficient membership to conduct business until late 1951. Several of the Commissions have now developed active plans for 1952. Similarly, the first meeting of a Regional Association (Regional Asso­ciation VI. - Europe) will be convened in ,May 1952, to be followed 'shortly by meetings of other Associations.

A considerable increase in the size of the Secretariat was author­ized in order to carry out the extensive plans of the Organization. Numerous factors such as requirements for geographical distribution and difficulty in securing qualified personnel in other duties have delayed recruitment, but this problem is now in hand, and the Secretariat will soon have the requisite staff to do its job.

1. First Congress.

The First Congress of the W110 was convened at Paris from the 19th ot March until the 28th of April 1951v

Its work was devoted largely to organizational problems and oan be summari~ed as follows :

(1) Acceptance of the functions, assets and obligations of the Inter­national Meteorological Organization (IMO) which was dissolved on the 4th of April 1951 ~ The WMO Congress subsequently:

- Closed the accounts of the IMO, t ,he financial year of which (1st ' July - 30th June) overlapped the first financial year of the v~lO (4th April - 31st December1951).

- Placed the credit balance of the IMO in a special account, and instructed the Executive Committee to make recommendations for the use of this balance .

- Accepted en bloc the Technical Resolutions in force under the iliO, and recommended the application of them by Members of the VilMO while awaiting the preparation and publication of Technical Regulations which will supersede the majority of these Resolu-tions. '

- Accepted responsibility for the main administrative and tech­nical publications of the ~mo.

- Employed the staff of the IMO Secretariat with conditionsequi­valent to their former employment while awaiting final d,ecision on engagement or release.

- Re-established, under the aegis of the vVMO, a number of working groups of the IMO which had urgent work in progress.

(2) The establishment of administrative and financial Regulations (General Regulations of the Organization, , ~inancial Regulations, Staff Regulations) .

'.

· .. ",;". , ,-\

'"':' 7 -

(3) . . The establishment of" relationships wi th the Un.ited Nations and International Organizations~ The Fi'rst Congress aooepted with minor modifications the text of a draft agreement aswe;Ll as the text of the Appendi:x: to the Convention on P,ri vileges and Immuni tie,s which had been proposed by the Economic and Sociai Council. The . provisions of this text were that the Convention wo:uld ,apply to the WMO wi thout modifications (details 011. the drawing tip and adoption of the'se agreements will be found in Part II).

~t was also decided to establish reI ations wi til other Speo~al­ized .Agencie s and possibly wi th certain other international ' organizations, in the for'm of reciprocal representation a.t meetings a.."ld exohanges of oorrespondence and documentation~ In the case of the ICAO, which already had a working arrange-ment with the IMO? the Executive Committee was instruoted to enter into consul ation with that Organization for the oon­olusion of an agreement or a new working arrangement (see Part II) ...

(4) A work programme was prepared, the general lines of whicn could not be laid down as clearly as might be desired since it was discussed , while the budget i teelf was still under oon­Sider-ationo This programme indicates that the Organization . wishes to combine into a coordinetted network all stations making meteorologioal observations; that it wishes to ensure the exchange of observations between nations so as to oover all requirements in the most efficient 8ndeoonomical manner; and that it seeks to standardize procedures , and information to be supplied to various users of meteorology" The First Congress also decided to indio ate that the Organization W9uld ' like to participate in the expanded progrmnme - of technioal assistance, and in particular to study the case of Libya,. It also decided to participate in the programme of research on the Arid Zone~ and to study the question of the oreation of an International Meteorological Insti tute.

A maximum figure of $ 1,273,000 was adopted for the expend­itures of the OrganiZation during the period from the 4th of April 1951 to the 31st ~ o: December 1955. A working capiialflmd. was est ablished, the maximum of which was lind ted to 10% of the expenditures voted, and a scale of contributions for Members was agreed upon.. Finally, the sal aries of inter­national and local staff employed in the Secretariat was fixed on the basic; of scales adopted by the Uni ted Nations.

(6) The Congress established 6 negional Associations, more or less one per G-eft"t continent, and 8 Technic'al Commissions, names of which can be found in the Organization chart. The geographical limits of the Hegional i'..ssooiations and the terms of reference of the Technical Commissions were fix~d. It will be noted that the Congress specified the

# ,',

'\ ";.f:.

'j I • /

"

'I

8 ~,

interpretation to be given to the Convention in respeot to the right · of a Cow1try -1:;0 bolong to a TIGgional Associ ation, making it .ole a1' .that in orde:r for a oountry to become a :Member it must be -technic ally [tDCi. fj.n anciallY I'esponsi ble for a net­work of meteorological stations wi thin the geographioal limits of the Hegional Associations C'. oncerned~ mrd suoh stations must be located on the torJ'itory of ·the country.. The Presidents of the Regional Associ.ati('Hs and the Teohnical Corrilllissions were elected~

The Executive Cammi tte$ vla,s cOllsti tuted as follows:

(a) The Presid.ent and "lice-Presidents of the OrganizationJ (b) The Presiclents of Hegional As soci atioIls, or in the event

that Presidents cannot attend, a1 tax'nates as provided for in the genel'al regul ations 1

(c) Directors of Meteorological ServicesofMe~oo rs of the Organizations or their- a1 ternates, equbtl in number of' the number of Hegj.ons~ provicled that not more than one-third of the memb Gl's of the Executive Committee, inoluding the President and Vice-' Pl'esidents cf the Ol·gb.nization, shall oome from one rQgio~1", The members of the ' JiJ.xeouti ve Com­mittee ar0~

Mohammed Aal C1Ill . (elected member) L'J de Azcar.::·ag ~ .. (elected m0mb8X') Dr~ M. A.,F .. }~arnett (ex offioio member) (President RA V) D .. A. Davies (ex officj.o membe r) (President RA I) Dr.. Hoi AIDorim FerrGira (elected mem1Je r) Dr~ Thd Hesselberg (elected member) Sir Nelson Johnson (elected membe r) Dr. J" Lugeon (ex officio membe l') . (President RA VI) Dro FeWo Roioheld.erfer (8::: off:i.c10 member 1 President) N.Pn Sell:LCik ' (ex officJ.;) membe~, 3scond Vice-President) Dr~ VfJ Vc Sohon.i (e:.: o f f i cL) membe r) (President RA II) i~", A~ SoJ.o-cou.khine (81 Gcted. memb8r) F.X"H" de Souza (8Z officio member) (:f?resident RA III) Dr" Andrew Thonlson (ex offioio memb:er) ( J?J:>esident RA IV) Ao Viaut (ex offioio membe r~ Pirst Vioe-Pre'sident)

(8) The Congress had little tim8to study the p:l.:'ossing technical problems ;placed befoY-e it) and there:t'ore limited itself to referring the fo:U.owing p:coblems to the competent Teohnioal Commissions f01" atudy:

-' research on lrertiJal and oblique visibility, oompa.rison of baromete7's ;

- indic ations of the °Gopographic a1 si tuation and defini tion of the aI"lii tl).o.e of me teol"'olog-ical statior..s; revision of n:':3-t:.so r o1agical cedes .,

The Congress ad.opted a resol utionpoi. r'o t ing out to Governments the danger of using the prCCSJ 1lraS at present practioed for p~o ... teo·tion against h r-.:d..l , beo av.se of the absence of soientifio

- 9 , I

da-ta to support them " This , question as a whole was referred · to the Commission fOl"' Aerology.

(9) The Congress fj.xed GeneVa as the Headquarters of the Seoret­ariat 1 and. elec·bed Dr. Go Swo"boda, former Chief of the Secret­arlat of tho IMO, Secret ary- General.

8. First Session of the Executive Committee. w _ ___ _ . -_· _ ._ . . . .. ,-.. .... ,_ ._ ...... ... _ _ ~--.-~ ... , ..... ......-_ . .........-• •

The fil~St Session of th~3 E:z.ecuti ye Commi totes was held in Paris immediately after the end of the first Congress, on the 30th of April and 1st of May 1951 (-

The Exeoutt ve C;)1tl1l1i ttee est ablished two oonsul t ati ve coromi ttees, one to de aJ. wi th · w.:imini strati ve and fi.q.anci al questions, the other for programme &lei t (:";' c.hnical questions. Otherwise it limited itself to study of the most urgent administrati va and finani.Jial questions.

ExpendJ. tures of ' the Organiz ation. for the perioQ. from the 4th of April to the 31st of December 1951 were fixed by parts and sections of the budget at a tot a1 of $190,000. The advance to the Working Capital Fund was fi xed at 7 por cent of this s~n. It was deoided, furthermore s ' to ask for a loan of $200,000 from the United Nations until contributions of Members were receivedo ' The Seoretary--General was au-chorirsl3d to propose transfer between seotions of . the budget which might ~,ppear nel.. essary~

Other questions studied by the Executive Committee were:

a pension fund for the staff (item refer'red to the fo11ow­. iug · session), a report on this subject being required;

-- the structure of the Seoretari at s appointment of 1 ts st aft and its transfer to Geneva«

Seoond Session of the Executive Committee. n ____ ...:.__ ..... .. ___ . _ .. "", ... _ _ . ... _ . __

The second sessi.on of the Exeouti ve Cornmi ttee was held at Lau~an.ne f:rom the 3rd to the 20th of October 19510

The prin.cipal items discussed and rasul ts of the session were as follows f-,

,proposed _. The establisp .. ment of a'\pl an for technical assistance to

Libya .. - The Gstablisbment of a plan for the preparation of the Tec.b.­

nical Regulations in Meteorology. - Adoption of directives for the Presidents of Technical Com­

missions and TIegional Assooiations on meteorological net­works and telecommunicati.ons .

- Further discussion of the implementation of the Congress Resolutions on the publication and distribution of an Information Bulletin for the VVMO •

.. Con'tents and instru0tions for the printing of th:e Cloud Atl a.s.

- Drawing up and adoption of a draft Conv8:.1.tion cetween the Swi ss GOi}el'nment and the V,t'MO Q

' .\ <, i

, , ...... 10 _.

Partioipation of the WMO ' in t~e Il'hird International Polar Year .. Study, in common with the in~erest~d bodies 'of the Inter,.;; national Telecommunica-tiioh Union, of the distribution of.' wor+d thunderstorm areas .,

- The estabtishment of technioc.l bodies: I

work,ing group for climatoiogioal summaries, working group on the qualifications and training of meteor­ologistsfi

Detailed description of t ne building to be used as head­qllarters of the Organization.,

- Re-organization of the Secretariat .. Adoption of the budget for 1952 amounting to $272,379 (sse Part III)" The adoption in prinoiple of the Uni ted N·a.tions Staff Panaion Soheme and delegation to the Secretary-General of authority to sign theag:reen13 ht with the United Nations on this subjeot,

. on behalf of the WMOo ,.;.. Adoption oZ the .rn~Ge.rna.:>Staff " Ru1es ;, ,whi<;h, .apart ; i!roDl a

few 'slight changes, are similar to those of the Uni ted Nations. RevisIon of the scales of contributions and study by the Seoretariat of 'c1"i t'e~ia; .or of a formula 9 'p~rmi tting auto,­matic alloc ation of contri builions to be paid by Members of the. Organi z ation"

10. Oalendar of Conferences w 1952 , ---

The following meetings have bean or will be convened during the seoond year:

A session of the Working Grol-l:P for Telecommunioations in Europe was held in Paris from the II 'th. to the 26th of Feb .... ruary 1952 urider the presi4ency of Mr. Silva de ,Sousa 9f Fortugalo A shortsumrnary of the work is , given in the teohnical section of thisr-eport., The Regional Association for Euro.pe is to meet at Zurich on the 26th of Ma~y 1952~ The Commisbion for Ma~·time Meteorology will open its first session in London on the 14th of July 1952~

.- A meating of the GrouP of Experts for the Study of Clouds and Hydrometeors is planned to meet in Europe towards the middle of 19526 A meeting of ' the Group of Expe rts for the ' preparation of an Obfjerving 'Manual for Aircrews will be held in Washington during May 1952"

- The third session of the Executive Committee will meet in Geneva from the 9th to the 30th of September 19521:

- The Regional Assoc1 9.tion for South America is arranging to 'meet as soon as possiblee ' Its 'first session 'm-ay be held in Ilio . de ' Janeiro in Ootobor or November 1952" The place and date are given only tentatively~ The Region'ell ' Association for Africa will hold its first session at Tan an a:rive , :Madug~scar, in January 1953.

I .

t-- . ........ ~ y - __ : .. t p. "'"

.. ,' 11 ...,

PART II

11., ~reeID3 nt between the Uni ted Nati~E.~_ .§'!.ld the \VOEld Meteo~lo~ioal Organization

The ' _Congress of the W.MO ati ts First Session appointed its Pres.;i.dent and two Vice-Presidents as negotiating off icers to enter into dtsouasions with the Chairman of the United Nations Committee on Negotiations wi th In-tel,""·-,Gover:nmental .Agencies and to prepare a Draft Agreemen·t between the United Nations and the World Meteor-~l(')gioal Organization, '

Negotiations between the Chai:rman of the Committee on Negoti_ . ations with Inter-,Government a1 Agencie s of the Economio and Sooial Counoil and the authorized~ officers of the , World Meteo~logif'al Organization took place on< 5th Apr-i.l 1951 in Paris, and resulted in a :Draft .Agreement" Thj- 8 IlgreGmsnt WfJ.S signed on 5th April 19;1 by Sir Ramaswami Mu.dal i ar y Chairm an of the Committee on Negotiations wi tb Int~r-Government~ ,Agep,i.:d,es 2 _ afld __ ~ SiI' Nelson 1\" Johnson, Head of the negotiating officers of' t lle' World Meteorolo~ical Organization.

_ On 9th August 1951 the EcoDGm:l C e,Y).d Social Council, during its thirteenth session, l"'Gcommende d t he P.greernen"li between the United ; -Nations and the World Meteorologj. 'Jo..l Organization to the General Assembly for its approval "

Article XVIII of this Agreement l)rovi des that it shall come­into force upon its appro"val by the General Assembly of the Uni ted Na.tions and by the World. I'J.1etcoTologiG al Organization in aooordanoe wi th .Al'ticle 25 of. the WOI'ld Met8o r olcgi cal Organiza.tion Convention. The Agreement was approved by the Congress of '-the World Meteoro­logical Organization du.ring i ,ts First Bession on 10th. April 1951, and by the General Assembly of the Uni-ced If ations during its Sixth regular Session on 20th Dec~ember 1951 ,. The Agreement aocordingly oame into force on 20th Deoember 1951) and the VlMO became a Speoialized Agency of the UN on that date ."

. The oopies of the authentic text of the AgreeIIB ntand the protoool concerning the e ntry into force of the Agreement have been signed by the Secretar y-General. of the Uni te'd' Nations and ' the Secretary-Gel}eral' of the Wo r ld Meteorological Organization on 19th February 1952 ~

12. UN Convention._~.~_,~~l ':' v 'i , l ' ~C:_:':3 aE~' _,!!E~:.~~?-2.!~~?:.~

Upon appI'oval by tho CeDer 'al. , Assembly. of the ' Uni tad Nations of the Agreement betwoen -the Uri -Lsi Nations and- the World: MeteoI"­ological Organization on 2(1-t h De c2~nber 1951, the Secretary-General of the vYMO transmitted to th0 Sec 1'8 i: =u~y- GGnera.l of ' the Unfted . Nations the final text o f the arn~ex of the Worl d. Meteorological Organizatiori: to the Con~renti c1J. on the Privi leges and Immunities of the Speci alized 116'encie s$' approved by ' the General Assembly of the United Nai;ions on 21st Hovembe :r 1948.'} , '

1 'j

13.

- 12

The Seoretary-General of the Uni ted Nations informed the Secretary--General of the W,MO on 14th J'anuary 1952 that due note has been taken that the VVMO has ,approved as Annex XI to the Convention the following text8

liThe 'standard clauses shall apply wi thou~ modification'" and that the V~O has accepted the standard clauses of the Convention and has undertaken to give effect to its seotions 8, 18, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 42 and 45~

The Seoretary-General of the United Nations further informed , the Secretary-General of vVMO that a certified copy of Annex XI was being communicated tb all interested Governments in acoordanoe with section 37 of the Conventione

On his partt the Seoretary-General of the '\fJMO communicated on 29th February 1952 a certified copy of Annex XI to the Members of the WMO which are not Members of the Uni ted Nations, in aocord­ance with section 42'of the Convention~

Agreement· oet-ween the Swiss Federal Council and the l1lMO

An Agreement between the Swiss Federal Council and the World , , Meteorological Organization, governing the legal status of the 'N"MO in Switzexland, ahd a Plw1 for Execution of the said Agreement are now being finalized through negotiations between the two parties.

It is expected that both documents will be signed at an early dateo

14. Arrangements or agreeme ntswi th other Specialized Agencies and Internation~ ~izatio~s " .. ---

In~ comp1i,anc0 with a resolution passed by the First Congrees of the WMO on ; t1;le relationsld,p between the World Meteorological Organizatio~ ',and other ' Specialized Agencies and International Organizations 5 the Secretary-General of the WM.O notified the United ' Nations, the other Specialized Agencies and such other International Organizations as he believed appropriate, of the readiness of the WMO to enter into such working arrangements or informal agreements with other International Organizations a~d to esta~lish suoh joint machinery as may seem desirable~ This includes reciprocal re­presentation at meetings at which matters of mutual interest may be discussed; arrangements for inoluding items in the agenda of its conferences or meetings dealing with questions submitted by any of the other Organizations; keeping the others constantly informed of contemplated tasks and programmes believed to be of common interest and currently supplied with all relevant doouments of mutual interest~ etc~

The President of the WMO and the President. of the Council of ICA0 9 accompanied "by ad.vi sors, met shortly after the end of 1951 in Montreal to draft an agreement between ICAO and WMO. Thi s will be finalized at an e'arly dateo

15.

I.·

.~ , r: ' -: .'

.,.;

- 13 , ..

Preliminary negotiations which . should lead to formal or in- ' . formal .. agreements; ~f this should proye desirable~ have been opened at a high level wi th . the WHO and. the F AO "

The UCGr has been in~Ti ted to enter i .nto an inf ormal agreement .wi th the WMO <>

Participatio n of ~VJ)/lJ) in the ~ti vi ~ia.s of other". International Organiz ationa e

, The -WMO Vias r~presented ·at t ha followi llg meetings whioh dealt with . te-chnio-C!-1 matters ~ -

(a) Consultat'ive Cornr.l1ittee on Arid Zone Rese arch (UHESCO) -.' Meeting in Algierss 5th to 7th April 1951c.

The repres6ntati ve of the WMO proposed the ooll aboration of th.e Organizati on i.n the collection &1.d 'the distribution. of certain statistioa.l i nformati.on of a meteoro l ogioal 0 :::' hydrological nature, in relation wj_th .researoh on the .Ar1d Zone . It was decided that ' homoclimatical ~chart8 which were in preparation would be submitted to the Organ,:fzation for remarksc ' I

(b ) Committee of experts for ' the International Go-ordination of Bi bliographi.c al Wo rk (m~ESGO) - Meeting in London, 24th to 27th April 1951 ~ Oue of the main coucer72S of the Commi ttee was the ex­tension of 'its functiOns and the conferring upon them of ,an offioial character.) It WaS proposed, in particular~ to instruct it t-o advise the UN · and the Specialized Agencies of its activitiesq The re­presep-'Gati Y8 of t116 \11MO recalled that the Commission fo·r Biblio­graphy and Publicationsbf the vVMO alreao_y did this for that Organizatio~, and that there would be littl e use, in the stricrtly speci91ized field of m'eteorology, in. reoei ving directives from two sources .. ,

(0) Committee of experts for the establishment of a centre for mech-, anioal ,oomputation (UNESCO) ~ Paris, 29th May to 1st June 1951.'

The' main qUGs tionof inte :.~est to the Organization was that of the possible use of this centre t.

. . i

(d) Joint meeting of the Working Group on RacD.o-"Eleotrical Meteorology (QMO) and the Internat ional Consultative Committee on Radiocom­munications (Celn) (ITU) 1 Geneva1 30th and 31st May 1951.

The CCrR nee d.s to know the basie: noi se level and world distri­bution of thunderstorms o It h a s 8.sked the WMO:

(i)

(ii)

t o undertake the pI'eparation of world charts indicating thunderstorm fre qu.ency and distribution (see Part IV), to par tici.pate i n the perfecti.ng. of a lightning counter which could be used at a network of meteorological stations and statj.olJS under the . control of the ITUt> .

The CCllt . also i ndicated an interest in inc l'easing the nwnber of thunde r st,orm c'entre d,etectors used by the Meteorologioal Servioes of t'he worldo

, j

!

:.1

I, ~

t i,

- 14

(e) UNESCO General Conference, Paris., 18th of June to 11th ·of July 1951 .. The, representative of the Organization followed the work of the Programm.e Commission" The latter noted Resolution 12 (I) of the First Congress, mention of which was made during the discussions by the Swedish Delegation in relation to the creation of an Inter'"7

. national :Meteorological Il;lC'G~U;;ute. He expressed the hope that UNESCO would support this project" However] study of the creation of this institute was not included among the , studies on international laboratories which appears in the UNESCO programme for 1952. The resolutions relating to the Arid Zone foresee the participation C?f ' the . Speci alized 'Agencies in the work of a 'Consul tatLve Coin- . mi ttee and consequently of the,' 'A~JfO, which has already indidated its intention to participate in the wOl'k of thr:;,t Committee. Resoluti 'on 13 (I) of the Gbngre~s, relating to the Arid Zone, had been distributed as a working paper"

(f) Intel"'hational Union for Geodesy and Geophysics ~ ' Assembly in Brussels: 20th August to 1st September 1951~

The General Assembly de alt with several questions of interest to the WMO, to which the representative of the Organization contribut­ed6 These were~

- high atmosphere, nomeh.Qlature~ , - organization- of a Third International Polar Year in 1957-58.

The vVMO was requested to collaborate in this project (see Seoond Session of the ExecutiiTe Committee); the institution of world research days in the upper atmosphere. The vVMO was requeste'd to participate in this programme; propOSals for an International Meteorological Institute. Two proposals, one Swedish and the other French, ware submitted, but; after discussion no recommendations were madeo

(g) Consultative Committee on Arid Zone Research (UNESCO) - Meeting in Paris, 3rd to 5th September 19510

The questions in which the cO-noperation of the WMO will be ' useful ares - sources of energy of arid and semi-arid areas (wind and sun in

particular) 0 A discussion group will be , orgc.Lnized on this sub­ject in 1954;

,- use of d.ew~

- artifici aI - rain (the final report points out, as a resul t of a request from the representative of the WMO, that the V~O will be consulted on the study of this question)5

(h) Search a:r,;i Rescue Division of the ICAO - Third Session, Montreal, 4th September 1951~

The work of · this Di visio~~ in which a representative of the Organization collaborated.? led to:

a definition of the meteorological information necessary for an aircraft havlng to attempt a forced 1 anding on water. Re­visi.on of the corresponding part of the Technical Regulation VIllI will be necessary;

,.\ '-

15 -

- 'e. r61quest for the addition to reports of meteorologioal observ­ations from ships at sea of a. group showing the speed and direotion of travel of the shipo This question is under stud3 within the Commiss~on for Maritime Meteorology ancl appears on the agenda of its next session.

(1) Extraordinary Administrative Conference on iladio .... Communications, . G,eneva., 16th August 1951.

The needeof the Organization were e~pressed by its representative :iJl Q)nformi ty with. the resul ts of a wide enquiry among Members on

, their neede insofar as frequenoies are ooncerned ..

(j) The General Assembly of the International Air Tran~port Assooiation .. London, lOth to 14th September 1951.

The generalized use of radiotelephony and also the 1ncreasein speed of airoraft, whioh were studied during this oonferenoe, will require the WMO to reoonsider the methods of colleotion anddistrribut10n of informa.tion to and from airoraft in flight.

(k) Joint Committee of the ITU entrusted with the study of inte~con­neotions in Europe and the Mediterranean basin - Meeting in . Florenoe, 1st to 6th October 1951.

A detailed plan of the inter-conneotions reserved for meteorology and used for arythmioal instruments was- prepared and aubmi tted to the conference. Proposals for extension of the -plan by addi ~ion of circuits were discussed and aocepted by the ITU.

(1} ICAO South Amerioan /. South Atlantio Regional Air Navigation

]~eetL~g . Buenos Aires, 30th of Ootober to 19th of November 1951. This meeting noted various deficienoies ~n the net­work of stations ,making meteorological observations and in ex­changes of observationsl deficiencies wb1~h affect the regularity and safety of air service. These defioiencie Sj cOtrJmUnicated by the ICAO to the ':VMO, will be studied i-n d .. et~). d~ i. :; ~~j1-\g t ho ~ext

. meeting of the appropri ate Regional AS!IOoiation.

(m) The iNMO partioipated in the Eighth Session of the Economio Com­mission for the Far East, which was held at Rangoon on the 29th of January 195~.

(:t:l) lCAO Third European - ~[ea.iterranean Regional, Air Naviga.tion

Meetin.gParis, 26th of February to 19th of March 1952. Deficienoies in the syn.optio network in this area are relatively few. The oonference nevertheless noted that the operation of aircraft ~lying at high al ti tudes of 8 to 10 kilometers would neoessi tate the establishment of a radio-wind observation network whioh, at certain stations, would replaoe measurements of wind aloft by pilot-balloon~ The latter §hould, however, be more numerous, in order to efficiently cover the gaps in the radio­wind network. The Meeting re-affirrned 1 ts support of the re­commendations of the vVMO ' that eaoh station taking radiosonde observations should also carry out radio-electrical soundings of upper wip.ds. After study of the needs of air navigation in respect to meteorologioal analysis, the vYMO waS requested to

--I -

, '

j

. -,"~''''''-'~ -.-. '.':

. designate two analysis c~ntre 's in the area and. to add to tlteir norm­al ' programme arialys~s at the 300 millibar level, at 0300 and 1500 GMT 0 '

(0) The Organi:2iatiol"J. wa~ represented at the First Meeting of the "Southern . African Commi ttee foI' .Aif." Navigation and Ground Qrganiz- ' ation" which was' beld at hatoria in January 19520

St"lldies were prepared by ,;the W1JIO Hegional Associ ation for Afrie a , / . and the Southern African Air Tr~s~port Council wi th c1 view to

obt aining 'close (~(joperation, es~ci ~·J.ly with regard to meteoro­logic al iast all ations and .seryice ~ for ail' navigation in Africa.

(p) Carj:nD03Ll, ·Commj~ssion - The ftO established a te;-:o.porary wo,rking group ,of Regional Association IV, identical with the Sub-Commission for ' Protection against Hu~ri'cane whioh the , former I;;lternational Meteorologioal Organization organized on beh~lf of the ' Caribbean Commission.. Before this Sub-Commission was formed t a meeting of repres.::ntatives of local 'governments, the representatives of aviation and shipping 9 as well a'smeteo.rologists, was held , at Port-of-Spain to stud.y ihe problem of the p:'otectibn against hurri­canes in the Caribbean negion~

II. In. 'the adininistrativeand general fieldS tb.e Organizc~;tion took part in the' work and assi sted at meetings of various org~ills of " the United Nations or joint organs of the Specialized Agencies; in particular: 'l'he Technical Assistance Board, the Technioal Assist­ance Committees the Adrninistrati ve CO-mmi ttee on Co--ordination, th,e Consul t ati ve Committee on , Adm1ni strati ve and Budget ary Que stions, etc"

16.

, .Among the questions which wer~ de al t wi th during the se meetings the fO,llowing were of special interest for the WNIO: pa.rticipation of th0 WMO in the expanded programme of technical assistance; priox'i ty in the programme of acti vities; oommon services to be . set lJ,p~ regional co-ordination of activities s administration and the sal aries of st aff of the Speci alized Agencies; st andardization ofbtidgets, etc~

The Organization was represented at the Sixth Session of the United ' Nations General Assembly (Paris, 6th of November 1951 - 5th of February 1952) during which the Agreement between the United Nations and the VV~'!IO was ado pted (20th of December 1951)" , The expanded , progremme ' of techn'ioal assistance Hnd coo-ordination between SpeciaJ.ized Agencies were among the questions of interest to the WMO.

Technical Assistanoe ------.-.... ~ .. ----, The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 304 (IV) and

the Economic and Social Council Resolution 222 (IX) provided the basis for participation of the World Meteorologioal Organization in the expanded prcgramme of teohnical assistance for economic development of un<ler·-d.eveloped countries »

\ " .

, I

, ; l?ue to ~he time required for ratification of its Convention b¥ 'the ,necessary number ofGov,ernments~ the World Meteorologioal Orga.ni~ ation (VVMO) did not become operative until its First Congress /In 1951. It therefore , did not immediately be t}ome a member of the Teohnioal

,," Assistsi?-ce Board (TAB) when that Board was established in 1949~ " ;'Agencies which obtained membership on the TAB at the time 'of its form­

ationhave since been auto~atioally al loc ated a fixed perqentage of t 'he ,available technioal 'assistauoe funds. They have thereI'ore ,'known exaotly how muoh mOQey was ' available for their programmes and 'oould p~ooeed to' operate projeotsr The ~NMO is now represented on the' TAB, but ' beoause there is no way to predio~ in the early st ages just how extensive the \V,MOprogramme might be, the TAB preferred not ,to allot a peroentage of its funds to the WMO but rather to finanoe each pro­jeot separately aooording to 'its merits~ However, an agreement was reached at : the 13th Meeting of TAB to allow the WMO to draw an amoUnt not exceeding $200" 000 from the United Nations portion of the

. ' teohnioal ' ~ssistance a.ppropriation during 'the oalendar y~ar 1952.

The Teohnioal Assistanoe Administration administers the $200,000 just mentioned. In February 1952, an agreerre nt was reaohed between the Direotor General of the TA1~ and the President of the WMO, oover­ing the procedures for allooating funds t clearing projects and admin­istering ' programme so . In' generals technical ph'ases of programmes, in-

, eluding sel-eotion and nomin ation. of quali.fied experts, will be wi thin .... the · provinoe : of the VvNJq; '.! and the - admi ni strati ve prqblems suoh as pay-

ment ' of experts', appo ~!ntmentof . pe:A:'sonnel ~ travel arrangements, eto • . will' he · h 'andled by' the T:A.A :~ , This agreement is for operation of

'programn19s during the' ca.lendar year 1952 . At the end of this year, .. l 't ' wil). be ' necessary to · renegotiate the 'JVMO poai tion in the teohnio-~ ' a:ssistanc'~ fleld o' . ' .

" , . . 'I\b.e,vVI}/IO Secretari at h ?-s ' received a number of requests from Governments oJ, un¢l.e:r--developed countries for technical assistance in meteorology~ A oonsiderable volume of work in the form of co~ respondence, attendance at meeti.ngs, necessary travel on survey missions and routine operations o f projects has developed. This work has been hMdled. insofar as possible by the present limited staff, but -the 'vVorkload has proven much heavier than 'can be acoomplished without ' ,additional assi st ance Q Therefo re 0 !),9 fe ature of' the ' agree-

, ment' wi th the, TA1~ has been the alloc ation of $15J 000 for the : · . e.m'pl'oyrri:ent: 6f ' a technical assi 'stanoe speciilli 'st and · 's. secretary

who, will be t':esponsible for the headquarters work of the programme, -to, 'ino'lu'd~ travel, ' examination of reque sts, screening -bf fellows, develppment',of a:ssistance programmes~ and so 'one This' employe:e

'wiil b'e" on !the Secretariat staff, reporting to the Secretary-qe.n~ r 13.1 . a~d 'hi s .' De:pu t y ¢. ,

The" fo-llowing is a brief discussion of som'~ : of th,e ,re,quests for assis,tance which have just been received: '" ', ~ .

oi~ 18 -

YUGOSLAVIA

The project in Yugoslavia will probably be the WIv10 ! s first aotual field ',programme in technical assist ance. The W1110 received

. a reque 'st from the Government of Yugosl avi a in Decembe r 1951 which oalled for establishment of a rather large mission' for training ' pur-­poses; , and for the award of numerous fellowships in various countries in Europe and .America. It was fel t that the best Way to' formulate, a realistic assistance programme would be to send a qualified meteor­ologist to Yugoslavia for 3 'or 4 weeks to survey the si tuation, and make first-hand reoommendations on the necessary features ' of an ' economio al yet ' effective programme. The names of three qualified experts have been referred to the Government of Yugoslavia for their examination, and as soon as approval is recai ved on one of the three, the faot finding survey will , begin. It is planned that the expe:r;-t seleoted will first viai t theWNlO Headquarters in Geneva for disous­sions oonoerning the request? and general aspects of technical assistanoe programmes. In future oases, t~e teohnical ' assistance officer of the Seoretariat will probably be the logical person to s~nd on such faot finding surveys~

ISRAEL

The Government of Israel has presented a , somewhat special re­quest for assistance, in that it has specified certain are a s in which, its service might be considered deficient, and at the same time 'has offered to provide assistance in fields in whioh it h a s well qualified experts, such as Eastern Mediterranean weather for.ecasting. ' As Israel also specified certain places for training of its personnel, the ~NO is now in the process of assembling information concerning the availability of training facilities in the countries requested. When that ' information is all available, it is likely that the tech­nical assistance specialist will visit Israel for discussion with appropriate representatives of the Government, and formulation of. reoommendations for the ultim ate assistance progr~me.

LIBYA

In 1951 , the Executive Committee of the WMO discussed the possibility of conducting an assistance programme in Libya and established a special oommittee to develop recommendations. That ' committee reported to the Executive Committee in October of 1951, and the Secretary-General was then requested to offer the vVMO' s assistance to the Provisional Government of Libya. A fonnal re­que st has now been received from the Libyan Government and will ,be studied by the V~~O. It is expected that considerable diffioulty will be encountered in this case due to the lack of technically qualified people to be trained as a nucleus for a meteorological service. Again a fact finding survey is pl anned, after which negotiations will be carried on wit h the Libyan Government to , reach a formal agreement concerning a desirable assist ance prograome.

- 19 -~

CHINA

The Gove~nment of China h as requested assistance in the form of fellowships in meteorology" The request has been referred baak to the Government for further infor::nation concerning recommended oandidatese Upon receipt of the additional material, the request will be re-examined.,

In developing assistance programmes to meet the varied re­quirements of receiving oountries., it hes been found that some oveD­lap between the areaS of responsibility of the WMO and certa.in of the other Speoialized Agenoies could develoPQ It has therefore

, seemed' de,sirable to enter into negotiations wi th t.he reAO, WHO, UN, FAO -and ITUto reaoh agreements, some formal and some ' informal, ooncerning the pOrtions of programme~ .~o , b~ 'o,'per,atad ' by the various Agencies.. Satisfactory agreements have Gllready , been reached with some of the Agehcies, so that. no duplication of effort is antioipated.

FURTHER REMARKS

Close working arrangements, in handling technical assistanoe projects in the field of aeron'auticnl meteorology, are in effeot between rOAO and Vv'MOo Each organization will keep the other advised of all activities in aeronautical 'meteorologY, as regard technioal assista.nce programmes. At the present time a joint survey is be_ing mad~ in Central America and oountries in the Caribbean area to determine whether some of the deficienoies in meteorological ' faoil­i tj.es affecting .international aviation can be , overoome bytechnioal assistance programmes and by regional training centers.

Despi te seve-re handicaps due to shortage of staff, and administrative problems such as -the move of tlle Secretariat during late 1951, it now appears that the WMO technioal assistanoe programme is virtually un.der way. Wi thin .only a few weeks, experts will be _ in the field, and by the endcf 1952~ seve:ral additional assistanoe missions should be operatingo

! - · ·l

··---''''~''''--'''''~-~·I ~ ---~-.

.... 20 --

PART III •

.ADMINI ~;·TnATlVE AND FINANCIAL QUESTIONS .

17. Transfer of WMO Secretariat to Geneva

The Congress of the V~~09 at its first session, accepted the invi tation of the Canton of Geneva to locate the headquarters of the WMO in Geneva9 and instructed· the Secretariat to move, as soon after the 30th of June, 1951,a8 practioable, to one of .the temporary build­ings offered free of charge by the Canton 'of GeneVa_ The temporary building in the Rockfeller Ground j ' at the Campagne Pagot, n<?ar the Palaisdes Nations, was chosen by the E~ecutive Committee for this­purpose 9 and an agreement for its temporary occupancy was signed by the representatfve of the Canton of Geneva and the Secretary-General of the ~~dO on 6th November? 19510 .

The Secretariat then moved from its provisional headquarters in Lausanne? the si te of the office of the former International Meteorological Organization, to the Campagne Rigot in Geneva during the first ten days of December 1951.:

The temporary building comprises 26 office rooms, a conference room for ~he accommodation of about 40 persons and one large room for the archives of .the Organization<"

18. St aff pension pI ans

Following a decision of the Executive Committee of the WMO, negotiations were entered into between the Secretary-General of the WMO and the Uni ted, Nations f .or the purpose of concluding an agreement according to which the Vvorld Meteorological Organization woul d, become a Member Organiz ation of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund, with the understanding that this Pension Fund Soheme should apply to all pensionable staff of theWMO as from the 1st January, 1952~ and be made retroactive in the case of the staff previously employed on pensionable terms by the International Met­eorologic al Organiz ationeo

It WaS oonsidered that all ex-,IMO staff members should have retroactive privileges~ with respect to the date of joining the United Nations Staff Pension Fund, to 1st January, 1948, or the date of pensionable service~ whichever is the later" In addition, special ' arrangements were authorized for three staff members who had long periods of service in the International Meteorological Organiz­ation.. The Executive Committee recommended to the Members of the Organization that the expenditure for attaining these retroactive pri veleges should be covered by appropriation of a sum not 'exoeed­ing $50,000 out of the IMO funds transferred to the WMO~

The negotiations between the VlMO and the UN on this subject are in progressQ Meanwhile, the ex-IMO staff members engaged by • the WMO continue to be i.nsured under the IMO pension system.

,I . . ' "'. '{ ,e.

",

.. ,. ; '~. • _':' •• ~ '.1 '.

.... ·21 .-

The Executi~ve Gommi ttoo Eiso determined the prinoiples of the co.mposi tion of aWMO Staff Pension Committee and of the WMOrepresent .... ation on the UN Joint Staff' Pension Fund Bo ard.

19. Common Services

The . Executive Cammi ttee of the WlvJO accepted in principl'e that the WMO should be associ Cltr,J. in oommon services, wfth the UN and other Sp:;oialized Agencies, and authorized the Secretary-General to t aka appro pri ate me usure s fo r the parti cipation in such of the com­mon services as ma.~,· be of advantate to tbe WMO.

The Secretariat already' collaborated with the European Office ' of the UN when it engaged its conferencGstaff for the Second Ses..; sion of its Executi ve Committee held in Lausanne, 1951 ~

Farther the 1I1J10 is ro.presented at the Study Commission , on Joint Survey of purchase and supply services for the European Offic(3 of UN and the Speci alized Agencies located s.t Genevao

20. Future permanent aOco~_?~i1~~_~n 0f._.\\iMO __ !!.ea.:?s.~~rt.ers .

21.

The temporary building at the Campagne Bigot in Geneva refer­red to in 17 above will remain at the disposal of the WMO Secret­ariat, free of charge, until the latter is accommodated in perm­anent Cluarters ..

Noting that the First Congress of the Wlv10 authorized the Executive Camilli ttee to reach ~n agreement wi th the Canton of Geneva for the renting of a building to serve as HeadCluarters for the- ~iMO Secretariat and having made detailed s""\iudies of the various facil­i ties and services ayail able in Geneva for this purpose, the Exeoutive Commi ttee " at j. ts Second Session in Ootober, 1951, de-· cided that negotiations should. be continued wi tiE the Canton of Geneva for the plruming and construction of suoh a permanent build­ing!)

Information

Tl:\e Executive Commi'ttee decided in its Second Session that an "Information Bulletin" of the WMC shall be issued in the two working languages of the OrganizG.tion, i"e~ --in Eng]; sh and French, and that in the beginning the Bulletin shall be a quarterly public­ation. The period may be l'educed if and when the budget and .the Seoretariat are incre~sed in size~

The first issue of the Bulletin is now at . the press and mp.y be available dUl'ing the month of April.,

Cnthe ' other hand, official information to Members of the -/lIMO is sent in the form of circular letters, which keep Members ourrently informed on specific matters suoh as: meetings, con,... tributions, et.c~ 'I and by annual reports ; whioh supply period­ical information to Members regarding ge c18rul matters, su,ch. as : past, curreu·t; 3.nd fU0ure D.ot:'vi ties of the Organization, and

'\

'\

, ,

a.ctivities of other international orgaJ:;li~ations which may be of interest to Members.

22. ~j.-E:t:~!'Z

23.

In its Seoqnd Session 9 the }TIx.eoutive Comrn~, ttee reoognized the desira-bility of providing the Teohnioal Division of the Secretariat with a teoh­nioal library and therefore directed the. Secretary-,General to proceed with the establishment of ,a small teohnical library for the use of the Technioal Division of the Secretariat~ and to study~ with the Librarian of the UN Li­braryat Geneva, ways ' and means of oollecting and storing 'climatological data. published by the Meteorological Servioes of the world.

As soon as the Technical Division of the Secret.a:riat is established, due consideration will be given -to the de'velopment of the technical library.

Publications _ _ , _ _ _ ~._'K' ''''_''' _ _ · ~

The English, Frenoh and Spanish editions of the '!Specifications for Meteorological Servioes for In'ternational .A,ir Navigation" were published in September 1951. The Russian text of this .publication-is ,in the hands of the printer.

A number of pUblications are at the press and will becom~ available within a short tim~~ · i.eo the printed editions of the Resolutions of the First Congress of WMOand of the First and Second Sessions of the Executi­ve Committee, all in FrenchSl English, Russian an~ Spanish versions.

The new lists of Members of VVlJ.IO and of the members of the Technioal Commissions and Regional Assooiations are nearly completed.

A list of the Publications of Wl~O is given in Annex I. Provisional mimeograph(3d editions of Resolutions and minutes wei'e

published. The addition of frequent supplements to the former IMO pUblication

No. 9 '''Synopti c Weather Mes sages "-4 volumes .... was continued. In general.? free copies of WlJlO publications are sent to g

Governments, Permanent Representatives, 1'!Ieteorologioal Servioes, members of Regional Associations and Teohnical Comrnissions a:t;ld, as far as they a.re interested, to the United Nati ons and the 3pecializ.ed Agenoies.

A general plan for distribution has been establishedo

24. Staff ohagg§)..§. In order to insure oontinuity of the work of the Secretariat in the

period immedia te1yfollowing the first vV,MO Congress? the Congress deoided that the staff . of the Secretariat of the IMO should be employed by the M.[O on a temporary basis awaiting a decision with respect to their 'perma­nent engagement by the Vf.MO.

The changes in staff nu~ber resulting therefrom as well as from the . appointment of new staff are shown and explained in Annex II.

25 0 92~i~.~Q~:i!~S?~§l __ .§:~.9.: .. .... Yl.g_~~.~.~g ... Q~p-~_-t;8~~ ..... ~.1f~ .. The contributions origiYJ,s,lly assessed for the financial year 1951

tota1le'd $190~OOOo Subsequently.? new Members were admitted whose oontri­butions were assessed at $ 5249~ making a grand total of $195,249. The total amount of contributions J: 6oei.ved -I;)y the 31st December, 1951, was $97,229.35 (490497%)~

23 -

The amo~nt , of the Working Capital Fund was established. at 7% of the contributions. The assessments of the original Members were there­fore $13~303 and subsequently increased by $367 by the admission of the new Members - total $13,667. At the end of December 1951 the advanoes\ received 'amount to $5,728 (41.9%)"

, Taking into account the fact ·that applications for contributions and advances to the Working Capital Fund were not sent out until June -in most cases too late to be included in the financial budget estimates for 19510£ ,the Member Governments~theamounts received are considered ' sat~sfactory~

'The amounts received for 1951 up to the 22nd March, 1952~ were (for details see Annex III)

Contributions .$163,704 83.84% Working Capital Furid $ 10,900 79.74%

The amounts received for 1952 up to the 22nd March~ 1952~ were {for details see Annex IV )

Contributions ~89269. 67 31.66%, Working Capital Fund $ 6248 31.64%

The Secretary-General has been requested to study the possibility of establishing a system of criteria for proportional contributions of WMO Members which would permit an automatic assessment of suoh contribu­tions.

26. ~1::~~.~,!.~:'.!_~~_~_~!?-~~_:._ The budgetary aocounts for the financial year ended 31at Deoember

19,51 show an overall surplus of $108460 Some information on the budgetary position ,is given in Annex V to this reporto

27. Loan from the United Nations. ,-.- ---... - -------...... -~' .-....... ---.... ~~ ... -. . -' .. Of the loan of $200,000 agreed upon, $90,000 was applied for and

was reoeived in September. It will be seen that the amounts of contri­b'll:tions and .advances to the Working Capital Fund received~ plus this loan, slightly exceed the original Budget appropriation of $190;000.

\ .

" :j,' " , -7\"l,<;'~ - '

- 24 .....

PART IV

TECHNICAL QUESTIONS

28~ ' Pre.paratio~of Techni..9a! Tiegul a.tig~ ,

, '

The predecessor of the WMO s the International Meteo~ologica1 Organization, passed over a period of many years numerous technio-al resolutionttwhich were used by tbe various meteorological services

,for guidance on procedures, codes, 'communications and so on. There , were two major difficulties with these resolutions. - First, the IMO was only an informal assodiati ohof Directors of Meteorologioal Services and hence its resolutions were n~t binding upon the memba rs. Seoond~ the resolutions w~:'e pa$s~ .. d for the most part to solve individual oporational p:"oblems tiS :~hey aroset and no , co ncG rted a·ffort was made to have the , resoiutiol'lS of 8.l:1JT partidular technical commission~ such as the on.e for Mari tin19 Meteorology, cover all ' ramifioations of ,the work in its fielda

The Convention of the World Meteorological Organization authorized tne Congress to adopt teohnical regul ations in meteor­ologyn The 'Congress, at its First Session in the Sp!'lng of 1951, recognized the disorgan.ized state of resolutions and authorized the Executive Commi tiee to develo p and implement Pro'visioncil Technic al Regulations pending ,adoption by the next Congresso The Exeoutive Commi tt~e, at its Seoond Session in October 1951, established oertain procedures for the Secretariat to follow in the prepar­ation of Provisional Teohnioal Regul ntions ~ '

The new regul ations will be binding upon Memba fs, ,upon ado :.>tion, bee ause of the st atus of the WM.O as an intergovernment al treaty orgaYJ.ization. Wi th regard to the second objection, namely the inoomplete and disorganized state of the resolutions, the Secretariat has developed a plan which should provide for the preparation of oomplete teohnioal regulations in the field of eahc of theWMO Technical Commissionso The Secretariat has oompleted~""the sorting of all the existing resolutions, eliminating those which are' out of date, and assigning eaoh valid resolution to a part-icul ar Qommisf;ion. These have been been forwarded to. the Presidents o,f the Commissions wi th a request tha.t Working Groups of e;perts be formed to examine the present situation, and to ' develop first Draft, 1;rovisional Teohnical Regulations. The Com­missions for Maritime Meteorology will be the first to study its regulations at its meeting in July 1952. It is hoped that all Commissions will be able to meets with this problem as a .major item on the agendas not later than the end of 1953e If this schedule can be realized, the entire state of Provisional R~gul­ations should be ready for submission to the next Congress~

29. Observing . ~nual .!0:r:_jd~9,!ew~

The Working Group entrusted with the preparation of this

" . ,

, "" ,- -:.1' -J , .

.... 25 -

mal').ual :recently terminated th'e first part of , its, work, and publish­ed a fi rst draft tex·Q of the manual e. The 111 ustrations, t abIes and diagrmnswere not included in this draft, which deals with all obseryations of meteorol<;>gical phenomena which have to ' be made aboard airoraft. : The publ~cation also co ntains infonna-tion concerning measu!'ement s, aboard aircraft of' temperature;. pressure and humidity at various le i rels& The final draft will be submitted to the next session of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology for adoption.

30. International Cloud Atl a.s ..

A Commi ttee of Ex-pe rts on Cloucls and Hydrometeors was instruot­ed by the former International Meteorological Organization to pre­pare a new International Clou.d Atlaso The Atlas published in 1932 did in fact oall for ~evision and the edition was almost exhausted. Having noted the work of this Committee, the First Congress gave it new directives and instructed it to continue with its work. The Commi ttee met in Br'ussels from the 16th to the 24th August, 1951 r and submi t-ted to the Second Se ssion of the Exeoutive Committee of the iNMO ,8. plan 00veringi

- A general Atl as consisting mostly of an album of about 275 plates ' i n black and white and in oolour showing the genera, species and oharacteristic varieties of olouds, a s well as tvvo fasoicules of text, one descriptiYe and the other a manual for the observ"ation of clouds C' A reduced Atlas for observers on the ground (inoluding a volume of text tril. about 70 pI ates) 0

iUJ. Abria.ged Atlas for observers in the ~l~l , i :' (including a. volurhe of text and about 30 plates showing clouds as ~een from an aircraft).

Work on the fourth part of the pl an, composed of a treatise on . the Physios of clouds , could not be commenced as yet~

The Exec,uti ve Committee noted thi s pI ans the 1 argest part of which is alre ady in rough form 1 and referred it back to the Presid­ent of the Commission for Synoptic Meteorology for examination and approval before publicationo

31. World Maps ~f ThuE~~~r~~orm, .. Ac,~~,.:y~~l.

Both the 'World Meteorological Organization. and the Inter­national Radio Consul tati ve Commi ttee (cern) of the International Telecommunioation Union (ITU) ar e inte rested in obtaining accurate

' data concerning the frequency and distribution of thunderstorm activity throughout the world~ The CCIn is developing an in­strument fo :r counting li.ghtning flashes which will soon be submi t:­ted to the \7MO for its examinat i on and possible installation at some future time in Weathe:r Stations around the worlds

Meanwhile, the WMO Exeout i ve Committee at its Second Session in October 1951 passed a resolution on t hunderstorm aotivi ty • .Among other things, this resolution directed the Secret ary-General to request all meteorological servicas of the world to transmit to the Secretariat ch arts showing mean monthly, m'3J.sor..al and annual frequency of days of thunderstorm for their respective territories,

26

together with representative statistical data including a state­ment 6f the period covered by the data. TheSeoretariat has oalled this' resolution to the attention of Meteorological Services and the requested information is beginning -.tQ -. arl'ive~ When suffioient data is available * the Secretariat will proceed with the prepar­ation of the world maps of thunderstorm aotivity. These will be made available to the Commission for Synoptic Meteorology and certain other experts for study of the problem of developing desirable thunderstorm deteotion networks~

-:",t. ::-¥~:e~ .. - ~ '<: ~, ~ ~ "'t" - ::-,,{-of °

ANNEX I

VIlMO No 1/1 - VV1)1£O Congress3 Resolutions of the First Session. Engli'sh, French, Russian, Spanish versions o (Under preparation).

WMO No 2 HOffices Meteorologiques du Monde" (former :U[O publioation No.2). 1948 Edition in French. With Supplements.

VJMO No 3 Executive Committees Resolutions of the First Session. English, French, Russian, Spanish versions. (Under pre­paration).

- WMO No 4 Exeoutive Committee g . Rosolutions of the Second Session~ (Under preparation). English, French, Russian versions. The Spanish version is being prepared q

VIlMO No 5 Composition of the WIVIO. Bilingual (English/French) ver­sion. (Under preparation).

~~O No 6 Reserved number (Collection of Basic Doouments).

VtTNIO No 7 Technical Regulation No. VIllI - Specifioations for Meteor":' ological Services for International Air Navigation ~ 1951 Editione (Eng1ish~ French~ Spanish editions available; Russian edi­tion is being prevared).

~VMO No 8 Guide to International Meteorologioal Instrument and Ob .... serving Practice (former DKO publioation No~ 78, being completed by WMO) , 1950 Editions in English_ and French t

VlMO No 9 Synoptic Weather Messages (former IMO publication No.9; being completed by the vVNIO) ~ Fascioule I Meteorologioal Codes. 1949 Edition (1 ·En­

glish and French. Fasoioule II Index Numbers of Meteorologioal Stations.

1949 EdJ.1iion ~ Bilingual texts (English and Frenoh).

Fascicule III Meteorological Transmissions. 1949 Edi­tion~ English and Frenoh.

Fasoioule IV ~ Vleather Messages for Shipping, Parts A and B. 1950 Edition in. English.

\ l

. ANNEX II

Immediately after the First Congress of the ~~O it proved neoessary to star'c w;i. th the building up of the staff of the new Secretariat.. The nucleus of this personnel had of course to oonsist of staff members pre~ viously employed by the fo~('mer Internatj.onal Meteorologioal Organi?ation (JMO) and taken over, as faJ:' as p:ractica·ble~ by the Vtl'MO~ In total, the

VIlMO budget for 1951 provided fOl.' the filling of 7 professional (p) and 16 general service (G) staff positions under the direction of the Secre­tary- General who was appointed by the First Congress on April 28~ 1951.

The Exeoutive Committee at its second session (October 1951) approved the taking over of 1 P- and 10 G- staff members of the former DKO, as well as the appointment of 1 new G- staff member o It also decided that the en­gagement of now P- staff members should be based upon interviews to be un­dertaken by the Secretary-General with se1eotGd applioants, Since suoh interviews ·oould not start before the beginning of 1952, the appointment of new p~ .. staff members was delayed until spring 1952" At the same 'time, however, a sound precedent in the recruitment policy of the Organization was founded by this method which was highly recommended by the United Na­tions authorities (cf. ICSAB, Report on recruitment methods, eto~).

It a180 proved advisable to postpone the filling of new G·· posts un .. til the Secretariat had moved from Lausanne to Geneva in December 1951.

As a result of these delays and the retirement of some former DRO staff mombers~ the total number of classified staff members (including temporary appointees) decreased from 22 on ]}lay 1, 1951, to 16 at the end · of 19511/ Since then, the number of olassified personnel has grown again, It reached 20 (including temporary appointees) on Aprtl 1, 1952*). The 2nd V~[O budget provides for the filling of 28 classifiod posts by the end of 1952 and~ according to requirements, of 10 additional temporary posts,

During the . first year of existence of the WJI,[O Socretaria t (i. eo un­til end of Maroh~ 1952), the personnel changes of tho Secretariat wore the ' following

...-.-------

Date

May 1, 1951 1* 3 11 14 Nov. 1, 1951 1* 2 1 11 14

Jan., 1, 1952 1* 1 1 10 12

April 1, 1952 2** I

1 1 10 12 _L_ ._._ .... __ ._

--.-~-.--.. 8 20

* Secretary ... G~neral. ** SecretarymGeneral and Deputy 2eoretEuy·"General c

*) Anticipated number at end of Juno 9 1952 30 0

" ": ~-'" - "-il,

- 2 -

Although it ~s a recognized fact that in the early stage of filling posts of a new specialized agency a proper balance between competency and geographical distribution is difficult to realize, especially in theeyent that G- staff is predominant (cf. ICS.Jill, Report on recruitment methods, etc.), it may be noted that in the Secretariat's staff 5 nationalities Yiere represented on April ly 1952, and that it is expected that this num­ber will increase to 9 in summer 1952.

It must also be borne in mind (of, ICSAB's Report) that short time_ tables for the initial filling of poste in a Secretariat make orderly re­cruitment and the proper balance of the criteria of oompetence and geo­graphy impossible of attainment ll That is one "additional reason why the filling of posts at the VlNIO Secretariat remained some'llfhat behind the 001'­

responding budget appropriations.