1965-waseem itrat, jems, ismaila, genesis

8/2/2019 1965-Waseem Itrat, Jems, Ismaila, Genesis

1/11

Immigration and

Nationality Act of 1965

The International High School at LafayetteClass: NMr. Joel

Ismaela, Genesis, Itrat, Waseem, Jems


2/11

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

Summary

The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 was also known as the Hart-Celler Act. It abolished the national quota system that had structured

American immigration since 1920s.

The 1965 Act marked a radical break from the immigration policies of thepast.

The new law gave preference to family reunification and welcomedimmigrants from all nations equally.


3/11


Target Group

This law benefited a lot of immigrants coming to the UnitedStates but specially people coming from Eastern europe andthe Caribbean.

In 1971 from 18 million of immigrants admited to the U.S,7.3 million were born in Asia most from the Philippinesfollowed by China. Immigrants born in Mexico account thelargest national group with over 5 million coming to the U.S

in 1971.


4/11


Historical Circumstances

Prior to the 1960s the immigration into the U.S was regulated by a law implementedin 1924 that restricted immigrants coming mostly from Asia. It stablished immigrationquotas that discriminated strongly against people from outside of Western Europe

After WW2 the U.S could no longer maintain the country isolated because of internaland external pressure. This caused the U.S to modify its restrictive policies towards.

President Johnson used this law as a cold war strategy by allowing people from thecountries involved to come to the United States. That way the conflict would start toend.


5/11


Advocatesin Government andSociety.

President Johnson was one of the most influential people that advocated the law.However he tried to reassured the american people by saying, ""This bill that wesign today is not a revolutionary bill. It does not affect the lives of millions. It willnot reshape the structure of our daily lives, or really add importantly to our wealthor our power."

The House of Representatives voted 326 to 70 (82.5%) in favor of the Act. In thesenate 52 Democrats voted yes and 14 no and 1 abstained (Neutral)

Individuals who informally advocated this law were labor union and churchmembers who expected the numbers of immigrants to be mostly from Asia.


6/11


Opposition in Government & Society

From Georgia, Senator Richard B. Russell and Congressmen MastonONeal and John Pilcher received hundreds of letters and telegramsrequesting that they use their power to defeat the new legislation anddefend the old.

People wanted the population explosion to happen elsewhere. They feltthat their jobs would be at risk. Because of the Cold War, there wasmuch fear that if more people were allowed to enter the country, thepossibility of a Communist invasion would increase.

Civic clubs adopted resolutions denouncing the bill. The few groups thatasked for the mens support of the bill included Jewish civic groups and

synagogues as well as groups that focused on international heritage,such as the Savannah-Italian Club


7/11


Effects of the Law

After this act was passed a tremendous amount of immigrants emerged into theUnited states. Contibuting to the country economically and culturally throughout theyears since 1960s.

Those who wanted immigrants into the United States to be only from developedcountries could be accused of discrimination against people who entered the UnitedStates.

After ethnic quotas on immigration were removed in 1965 the number of actualimmigrants living in the United States eventually quadrupled. from 9.6 million in1970 to about 38 million in 2007

Over one million people were naturalized as U.S. citizens in 2008. The leadingcountries of origin of immigrants to the United States were Mexico, India, thePhilippines, and China. Nearly 14 million immigrants entered the United States from2000 to 2010.


8/11


Repeal

Although there were many attemps from the public and members of the governmentto change this law, and despite modifications, as for today the Immigration andNationality Act still intact. It maintains the fundamentals of family reunification andemployment preferences.

The house of representatives vote 326 to 70 (82.5%) in favor of the act, while thesenate passes the bill by a vote of 76 to 81.

With some modifications, the policies put into place by the Immigration andNaturalization Act of 1965 are the same ones governing U.S. immigration in the early21st century. Non-citizens currently enter the United States lawfully in one of two

ways, either by receiving either temporary non-immigrant admission or permanentimmigrant admission. A member of the latter category is classified as a lawfulpermanent resident, and receives a green card granting them eligibility to work in theUnited States and to eventually apply for citizenship.


9/11


Connection to Today.From 1971-2002

Africa 825, 700

Asia 7, 331, 500

Europe 3, 300, 400

Caribbean 2, 936, 800

Mexico 5, 141, 600

Immigration from all over the world increased in the United states.

Less racial discrimation among ethnicities.

No quotas required for most country. However the United states placed barries toMexican immigrants. It is known as the Border Fence. The barriers were built as partof three larger "Operations" to stop transportation of illegal drugs manufactured in

Latin America and illegal immigration.

There could be perhaps no greater reflection of the impact of immigration than the 2008election of Barack Obama, as the nation's first African-American president. Eighty-five percentwhite in 1965, the nation's population was one-third minority in 2009 and is on track for anonwhite majority by 2042.


10/11


Debate Question

Are you in favor of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965? Give specificreasons on how it can affect or harm the United states economicallyspeaking.


11/11


"Immigration Act".http://www.asian-nation.org/1965-immigration-act.shtml

"Immigration". http://www.libs.uga.edu/russell/exhibits/immigration/immigration.shtml

"the Border"http://www.pbs.org/kpbs/theborder/history/timeline/23.html

"Articles"http://www.cis.org/articles/1995/back395.html

Sources

1965-waseem itrat, jems, ismaila, genesis

Documents