2005 annual faculty development seminar appointment, promotion and tenure in the professorial ranks

20052005 AnnualAnnualFaculty Development SeminarFaculty Development Seminar

Appointment, Promotion and Appointment, Promotion and TenureTenure

In the Professorial RanksIn the Professorial Ranks

• Part I• Academic Ranks & Tenure in the

national context

• Part II• Appointment, Promotion &

Tenure at NYUSoM

To hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parentsThe OathThe Oath

To hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parents [faculty mentor] and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine,

To hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parents [faculty mentor] and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine [socialist origin of the depressed salaries of faculty], and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage

To hold him who has taught me this art [faculty mentor] as equal to my parents and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine [socialist origin of the depressed salaries of tenure], and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage [origin of gender discrimination] and to teach this art…to my sons and to the sons of him who has instructed me and to pupils who have signed the covenant and have taken an oath according to the medical law, but no one else.

To hold him who has taught me this art [faculty mentor] as equal to my parents and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine [socialist origin of the depressed salaries of tenure], and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage [origin of gender discrimination] and to teach this art…to my sons and to the sons of him who has instructed me and to pupils who have signed the covenant and have taken an oath according to the medical law, but no one else [origin of both the Guild and the Guilt of our separation from the proles]

Origins of TenureOrigins of Tenure

ProfessorsProfessors” d” durante vitaurante vita

LehrfrieheitLehrfrieheit

Morrill Act: assistant, associate, professorMorrill Act: assistant, associate, professor

David Starr Jordan fires Edward A. RossDavid Starr Jordan fires Edward A. Ross

AAUPAAUP

Tenure DefinedTenure Defined• [AAUP] Tenure is a means to certain ends; specifically (1)

freedom of teaching and research and of extramural activities; and (2) a sufficient degree of economic security to make the profession of teaching attractive to men and women of ability.

• [NYUFH] Academic tenure is a means to certain ends, specifically: (1) freedom of teaching and research*; and (2) a sufficient degree of economic security to make the profession of teaching attractive to men and women of ability.

Social Engineering: ADEASocial Engineering: ADEA

• Tenure concepts were developed when the expectation and the rule was “retirement” at 65

• Age Discrimination in Employment Amendmentsof 1986 , *1992 0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Under30

30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 Over 69

Per

cent

of

facu

lty

1977

1987

1996

AAMC data on AAMC data on age distribution age distribution of faculty in US of faculty in US medical schools medical schools 1980-2002 1980-2002

Tenured

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Und

er 3

0

30-3

4

35-3

9

40-4

4

45-4

9

50-5

4

55-5

9

60-6

4

65-6

9

Ove

r 69

Per

cent

of

facu

lty

1980 1992 1997 2002

National ContextNational Context• Decline in reimbursements to

the clinical side of academic medical centers• BBA of ’97

• Managed care

National ContextNational Context

• Dramatic rise in the number of faculty, especially clinical faculty

• (1) Movement to non-tenure tracks(2) Financial definition

Jones and Gold Academic Medicine (2001) 76: 993-1004

Financial Guarantee of Tenure ‘97Financial Guarantee of Tenure ‘97

77

185 0

81

152 2

0

20

40

60

80

100

%

Some None Both Other

Basic

Clinical

NNbb= 102= 102

NNcc=94=94Jones and Gold, Jones and Gold, Acad MedAcad Med 1998 1998

What is that Guarantee?What is that Guarantee?

10

32 32

310

6 7

29 28

19

3

114 7

0

10

20

30

40

%

BasicClinical

NNbb= 102= 102

NNcc=94=94Jones and Gold, Jones and Gold, Acad MedAcad Med 1998 1998

• Part I• Tenure considered in the national

context

• Part II• Appointment, Promotion &

Tenure at NYUSoM

AssistantProfessor

Instructor

AssistantProfessor(Research)

AssistantProfessor

AssistantProfessor(Clinical)

ClinicalAssistantProfessor

ResearchAssistantProfessor

Investigator /Educator

Track

InvestigatorClinician /Educator

Track

ClinicianInvestigator /

EducatorTrack

ResearchTrack

Research /Educator

TrackClinicalTrack

AssociateProfessor

AssociateProfessor(Research)

AssociateProfessor

AssociateProfessor(Clinical)

ClinicalAssociateProfessor

ProfessorProfessor(Research) Professor

Professor(Clinical)

ClinicalProfessor

ResearchAssociateProfessor

ResearchProfessor

3 Years

10 Years

Full TimePart Time Part Time

Tenure Track

3 Years

Primary ThemesPrimary Themes• Investigator / Educator Track, a full-time tenure track

for those faculty members in any department whose primary career is in independent, investigator-initiated research and who devote some time to education and service.

• Investigator Clinician / Educator Track, a full-time tenure track…for those faculty in the clinical departments whose primary career combines independent research with clinical activities and who devote some time to education and service.

What does it take?What does it take?

• Advance the fieldAdvance the field• Peer recognitionPeer recognition• If you haven’t done it all, you have to be really outstanding If you haven’t done it all, you have to be really outstanding

in part of itin part of it

ScholarshipScholarship

Alternate PathwayAlternate Pathway

• Teaching• Excellence in the “classroom”

• Invention of new approaches

• Peer recognition for pedagogical activities

AssistantProfessor

Instructor


AssistantProfessor





Track


Track


EducatorTrack

ResearchTrack

Research /Educator

TrackClinicalTrack

AssociateProfessor


AssociateProfessor




Professor(Clinical)

ClinicalProfessor


ResearchProfessor

3 Years

10 Years


Tenure Track

3 Years

Primary ThemesPrimary Themes

• Clinician Investigator / Educator Track, a full-time non-tenure track for those faculty members in clinical departments whose primary career is in the provision of clinical care and who devote a substantial portion of their efforts to teaching, research, and service.

• Research / Educator Track, a full-time non-tenure track for those faculty members in any department whose primary career is in research, but who devote a portion of their efforts to education and service.

Alternate PathwayAlternate Pathway

• Teaching• Excellence in the “classroom”

• Invention of new approaches

• Peer recognition for pedagogical activities

AssistantProfessor

Instructor


AssistantProfessor





Track


Track


EducatorTrack

ResearchTrack

Research /Educator

TrackClinicalTrack

AssociateProfessor


AssociateProfessor




Professor(Clinical)

ClinicalProfessor


ResearchProfessor

3 Years

10 Years


Tenure Track

3 Years

Primary ThemesPrimary Themes

• Clinical Track, a part-time non-tenure track for those faculty members in clinical departments whose primary career is in the provision of clinical care and who devote some time to teaching, research and/or service.

• Research Track, a part-time non-tenure track for those faculty involved in part-time or time-limited research in other's laboratories and who devote limited time to teaching and service.

Three Eras of PromotionThree Eras of Promotion

1. October 1989 – December 19942. January 1995 – May 20023. June 2002 – June 2004

Era 1 Era 2 Era 3

All 94 72* 73

Basic 100 84 80

Clinical 91 68 69

42 moved off and 6 moved on the tenure track

Category Mean SD Median Range

# Grants (PI) 7.46 ± 4.88 6 0 – 22

# NIH Grants (PI) 2.73 ± 2.46 2 0 – 9

$ Amount of grants 3,385,012 ± 2,885,726 2,812,268 0 – 13,656,889

# Peer reviewed publications 47.2 ± 35.5 34 8 – 183

# 1st/last author publications 26.5 ± 19.9 21 6 – 117

# Non-peer reviewed publications

3.02 ± 5.24 1 0 – 25

# Book chapters 9.15 ± 12.1 5 0 – 58

# Abstracts 23.0 ± 46.4 2 0 – 204

# Presentations 30.5 ± 32.3 21 0 – 120

# Grants (all) 10.6 ± 7.73 9.5 0 – 41

# NIH Grants (all) 3.03 ± 2.93 2.5 0 – 10

$ Amount of Grants (all) 3,516,692 ± 2,884,664 2,630,400 0 – 10,368,613

Characteristics of CandidatesCharacteristics of Candidates

Basic SciencesBasic Sciences

Category Mean Range Mean Range# Grants 8.08 3-22 5.67 3-7# NIH Grants 3.08 1-9 3.33 2-4$ Amount of grants 3,939,053 1.6-7M 2,995,632 1.1-4.3M# Peer reviewed ms 44 17-98 31 28-33# 1st or last author ms 25 6-58 20 17-22# Non-peer reviewed ms 3 0 - 25 0 0-4# Book chapters 3.42 0 - 19 3.67 0-8

Granted Denied/deferred

Clinical SciencesClinical Sciences

Category Mean Range Mean Range# Grants 6.78 0-19 8.75 0-17# NIH Grants 2.83 0-7 1.75 0-7$ Amount of grants 3,577,811 0-14M 2,428,778 0.1-6.2M# Peer reviewed ms 53.5 15-183 30.4 8-65# 1st or last author ms 31.2 8-117 20.9 8-47# Non-peer reviewed ms 2.67 0-18 4.25 0-17# Book chapters 14.2 1.58 8.5 0-18

Granted Denied/deferred

AppendixAppendixHistory of TenureHistory of Tenure

Timeline of TenureTimeline of Tenure

Timeline of TenureTimeline of Tenure1600-1700+1600-1700+ Model of Oxford & Cambridge: tutorsModel of Oxford & Cambridge: tutors


17501750 Educational-industrial complex:Educational-industrial complex:Gifts of endowed chairs and “Gifts of endowed chairs and “ProfessorsProfessors””durante vitadurante vita



1800s1800s Transition to non-sectarian educationTransition to non-sectarian educationlehrfreiheitlehrfreiheitresearch university is bornresearch university is born




18621862 Morrill Act: assistant, associate and full professorMorrill Act: assistant, associate and full professor




18621862 Morrill Act: Assistant, associate and full professorMorrill Act: Assistant, associate and full professor





19001900 The Economics Cases:The Economics Cases:David Starr Jordan fires Edward A. RossDavid Starr Jordan fires Edward A. Ross






1913-19401913-1940 AAUPAAUP






1913-19401913-1940 AAUPAAUP

1986, 19921986, 1992 Age Discrimination in Employment AmendmentsAge Discrimination in Employment Amendments

2005 annual faculty development seminar appointment, promotion and tenure in the professorial ranks

Documents

oath slide

nyusom slide

male lineage slide

aaup tenure

promotion tenure

ross aaup slide

financial definition

parents faculty mentor