2009 a study guide cram guide

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Native resolutions

Standard Resolution Pixels

XGA (Extended Graphics Adaptor) 1024x768 786,432

SXGA (Super XGA) 1280x1024 1,310,720

WXGA (Wide XGA) 1440x900 1,296,000

WSXGA (Wide SXGA) 1600x1024 1,638,400

UXGA (Ultra XGA) 1600x1200 1,920,000WUXGA (Wide UXGA) 19201200 2,304,000

WQXGA (Wide Quad XGA) 25601600 4,096,000

Windows XP Printer Installation

To install a local printer

1. ClickStart - Settings - Printers and Faxes.2. In the Printers and Faxes window, clickFile - Add Printer.3. In the Add Printer Wizard, clickNext.4. Select the Local printer attached to this computer option. If you are using a Plug and Play printer,

check the Automatically detect and install my Plug and Play printer checkbox. ClickNext.

5. Select a port for the printer, using the dropdown menu. Alternatively, you can create a new port. Whenyou've selected a port, clickNext.

6. Select the printer's manufacturer and model, then clickNext.7. In the Printer name text box, specify a name for the printer. Choose if the printer is to be set as the

default printer, then clickNext.

8. Specify whether or not the printer will be shared with other network users. If the printer is to be shared,enter a name for the printer in the Share name text box. ClickNext.

9. Choose whether or not to print a test page, then clickNext.10.Review the details of the printer. If you need to change any of the details, navigate to the relevant pageusing the Back button. Once you are satisfied with the details, navigate to the final page of the wizardand clickFinish to complete the process.

To install a network printer

1. ClickStart - Settings - Printers and Faxes.2. In the Printers and Faxes window, clickFile - Add Printer.3. In the Add Printer Wizard, clickNext.4. Select the A network printer, or a printer attached to another computer option, and clickNext.5.

On the Specify a Printer screen, select one of the three options to specify the name and the location ofthe network printer you want to add.

6. The wizard then locates the selected network printer and installs it.Note: During installation, some inkjet printers require calibration to produce optimal output. Calibration helps

correct color matching and removes blank lines or uneven spaces. You calibrate these printers using a

configuration wizard, which appears automatically when calibration is required.

List of SCSI types


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List of SCSI types

SCSI TermBus

width

Bus

speedConnector

Transfer

Speed

Maximum

devices

Maximum meters

of cable

Memory

access per

edition

Up to 4 GB of RAM

Vista Home Basic8 GB

Vista Home Premium 16 GB

Vista Business

more than 128GB

Vista Enterprisemore than 128GB

Vista Ultimatemore than 128 GB

System

requirements

1-GHz 32-bit (x86)processor or 64-bit

(x64) processor, 512

MB of RAM

1-GHz 64-bit (x64) processor, 1 GB of RAM (4 GB recommended)

Installing Windows XP

Installing Windows XP

Text mode stage

1. Insert the installation CD into the CD-Rom drive and reboot the computer.2. Press any key to boot the CD.3. Press Enter on the Setup Notification screen.4. Press Enter again on the Welcome screen.5. Press F8 to agree with the Licensing Agreement on the Licensing Agreement screen.6. If you don't have partitions on your hard drive, press Enter to make a new partitions.7. Select the partition and press Enter.8. Select an appropriate file system. You have the option of leaving the current file system as is, which is selected

by default. Press Enter after you have made your selection.

9. When the formatting is complete, the files are copied to the Windows installation folders. The computer thenreboots automatically. The text-mode stage of the Windows XP installation is now complete.

GUI stage

Dynamic update

The Setup program automatically assesses configuration settings and hardware. It detects updates and preparesthe system for installation.

Preparing for installation

1. The Regional and Language Options page has default settings and lets you select language settings. Click Nextafter you have made your selections or accepted the default settings.

2. On the Personalize Your Software page, type your name and your company's name and click Next.


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3. Type in the product key on the Product Key page. The product key is the 25-digit number you received with yourinstallation CD. Click Next to continue.

4. You can choose to accept or replace the default name assigned to the computer on the Computer Name andAdministrator Password page. Here you also need to choose and confirm a password.

5. On the next page you select the correct date and time and time zones and click Next.If you have a network card or modem installed, the Setup program will install the networking files that are

needed.

Automatic installation of network files

1. On the Network Settings page, you can choose to accept the standard networking options by selecting theTypical settings radio button, or you can customize network connections. Click Next once you have chosen your

network settings.

2. On the Workgroup and Computer Domain page you can join the company's domain by selecting the option andentering the domain name. Alternatively, choose to remain with the default option and click Next.

Finalizing installation

1. Click OK when the Settings dialog box informs you that the resolution will be adjusted automatically.You are automatically taken to the desktop.

You have now successfully installed Windows XP.

Common switches for ipconfig

Switch Description

/all This switch displays the full TCP/IP configuration information for all adapters.

/renew [Adapter]This switch renews the DHCP configuration for all adapters if an adapter is not specified and

for a specific adapter if the parameter is included.

/release [Adapter]This switch sends a message to the DHCP server to release the current DHCP configurationfor all adapters if the adapter is not specified or for a specific adapter if the parameter isincluded.

/flushdns

This switch flushes and resets the information contained in the DNS client resolver cache.

You can use this switch to flush negative cache entries from the cache and also all otherentries that might have been added dynamically.

/displaydns

This switch displays the contents of the DNS client resolver's cache. The DNS Client service

uses these records to quickly resolve names queried often before requesting information

from the DNS servers.

/registerdns

This switch initiates a manual registration of DNS client resolver cache and the IP addresses.You can use this to troubleshoot and resolve a dynamic update issue between a client and the

DNS server and also to resolve a failed DNS name registration without rebooting the client

system.

/showclassidAdapter

This switch displays the DHCP class ID for a specific adapter. You can use this switch onlyon computers using DHCP for IP address allocation.

/setclassid

Adapter

[ClassID]

This switch is used to configure the DHCP class ID for a specific adapter. You can use this

switch only on computers using DHCP for IP address allocation.

Common Switches for ping


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Switch Description

-tThis switch is used to specify that the ping command should continue to send Echo Request

messages to the destination computer until it is interrupted.

-a

This switch indicates that reverse name resolution should be performed on the destination IP

address. If the request is successful, the ping command displays the host name

corresponding to the IP address.

-n Count This switch is used to indicate the number of Echo Requests sent. The default value is 4

-l SizeThis switch specifies the length of the Data Field in the Echo Request messages that are sent.

The default value is 32 bytes and the maximum size is 65,527 bytes.

-f

This switch specifies that the "Don't Fragment flag" in the IP Header of the Echo Request

message is set to 1. This value ensures that the routers in the path to the destination do notfragment the Echo Request message.

-w TimeoutThis switch specifies the amount of time, in milliseconds, to wait for the Echo Reply

message corresponding to a given Echo Request message.

Check Disk and Disk Defragmenter Commands

Check Disk

You run Check Disk using the chkdsk command:

chkdsk [Volume:] [[Path] Filename]

In this syntax, Volume is the drive letter, mount point, or volume. The [Path ] Filename parameter specifies thelocation and name of a file or set of files that you want to check.

The common switches used with the chkdsk command are

/F

/R

/X

Using chkdsk without parameters checks the status of the current drive in Read-only mode.

The following switches can be used with the chkdsk command:

Check Disk command switches

Switch Description

volume This specifies the drive letter, mount point, or the name of the volume.

[Path ]

FileNameThis specifies the location and names of file or files that you want chkdsk to check for errors.

/F This switch is used to fix errors on the disk. Check Disk must be able to lock the disk for this purpose.


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Check Disk command switches

Switch Description

/V This switch is used to display the name of each file in every directory as the disk is being checked.

/RThis switch is used to locate bad sectors on the disk and recover readable information. Check Disk must

be able to lock the disk for this purpose.

/XThis switch is used with NTFS only. It forces the volume to dismount first, if necessary, to fix the errors on

the disk.

/IThis switch is used with NTFS only. It performs a less thorough check of the disk's indexed entries, taking

less time to run chkdsk.

/CThis switch is used with NTFS only. It skips the checking of cycles within the folder structure thus taking

less time to run chkdsk.

/l[:size ]This switch is used with NTFS only. It changes the size of the log file to the size you specify. If the [:size ]

parameter is not used, the switch displays the current log file size.

Suppose you want to run the chkdsk command to check the current drive on your system.

You type chkdsk at the command prompt and press Enter.

The command checks the current drive and displays the results.


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Check Disk output

Disk Defragmenter

You run Disk Defragmenter using the defrag command:

defrag volume [switch]

In this syntax, Volume is the drive letter or the mount point of the volume that is to be defragmented and switchspecifies the switch you want to use with the command.

The switches used with the defrag command include

/a

/v

/f


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Suppose you want to defragment your C drive and also want to display the analysis and defragmentationreports.

You type defrag C: /v at the command prompt and press Enter.

The analysis and fragmentation reports are displayed.

Disk Defragmenter output

Windows XP System Updates

Manual updates

To perform operating system updates manually in Windows XP, you navigate to the Windows Update (or theMicrosoft update) web site and allow the site to check your system so it can recommend updates for your

computer.


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To do this, you enter the appropriate URL in a web browser.

Another way to update Windows XP is to select Start - Help and Support. This opens the Help and Support

Center window.

You clickthe Keep your computer up to date with Windows Update link.

You are connected to a Microsoft web page that automatically scans your machine and offers you recommended

system updates based on your specific system configuration.

You then download and install any critical updates and review other recommended updates.

This method works better if you have a high-speed Internet connection.

Automatic updates

You can also enable Automatic Updates on this page by clicking Turn on Automatic Updates.

Alternatively, you can turn on Automatic Updates locally. To do so, you select Start - Settings - Control

Panel. Then you double-clickAutomatic Updates.

In the Automatic Update dialog box, you select Automatic (Recommended). This feature lets you schedule

automatic downloads for recommended updates and choose when to install them.

You can also use this feature to disable Automatic Updates.

Different DRAM types and specifications

Type of

DRAMSpecifications

DDR

SDRAM

DDR memory is marketed with several specifications:

DDR-200, also known as PC1600, operates with a memory and I/O bus clock speed of100 MHz

DDR-266, or PC2100, operates with a memory and I/O bus clock speed of 133 MHz DDR-333, or PC2700, operates with a memory and I/O bus clock speed of 166 MHz DDR-400, or PC3200, operates with a memory and I/O bus clock speed of 200 MHz, and DR-500, also known as PC4000, operates with a memory and I/O bus clock speed of 250

MHz

DDR2

SDRAM

DDR2 memory is marketed with various specifications:

DDR2-400, or PC2-3200, operates with a memory clock speed of 100 MHz and an I/Obus clock speed of 200 MHz

DDR2-533, also known as PC2-4200, which operates with a memory clock speed of 133MHz and an I/O bus clock speed of 266 MHz


DDR2-800, or PC2-6400, operates with a memory clock speed of 200 MHz and an I/Obus clock speed of 400 MHz, and

DDR2-1066, also known as PC2-8500, operates with a memory clock speed of 250 MHz


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Different DRAM types and specifications

Type of

DRAMSpecifications

and an I/O bus clock speed of 533 MHz

DDR3

SDRAM

DDR3 memory is marketed with numerous specifications:

DDR3-800, also known as PC3-6400, operates with a memory clock speed of 100 MHzand an I/O bus clock speed of 400 MHz


DDR3-1333, or PC3-10600, operates with a memory clock speed of 166 MHz and an I/Obus clock speed of 667 MHz, and

DDR3-1600, also known as PC3-12800, operates with a memory clock speed of 200 MHzand an I/O bus clock speed of 800 MHz

Common Memory Card StandardsMemory cards

Memory card Memory card dimensions

Compact Flash I 43 x 36 x 3.3 mm

Compact Flash II 43 x 36 x 5.5 mm

SmartMedia 45 x 37 x 0.76 mm

Memory Stick Standard and Pro 50 x 21.5 x 2.8 mm

Memory Stick DUO, PRO DUO, PRO HG 31 x 20 x 1.6 mm

Memory Stick Micro 15 x 12.5 x 1.2 mm

xD 20 x 25 x 1.78 mm

Secure Digital Card 32 x 24 x 2.1 mm

MiniSD Card 21.5 x 20 x 1.4 mm

MicroSD Card 15 x 11 x 1 mm

MMC, MMCplus 32 x 24 x 1.4 mm

RS-MMC, MMCmobile 16 x 24 x 1.4 mm

MMCmicro 12 x 14 x 1.1 mm

Intel and AMD processors

List of Intel Celeron processors

Processor Speed (MHz) Socket

Pentium II Celeron 266-300 Slot 1

Pentium II Celeron 300-533 Slot 1/Socket 370

Pentium III Celeron 533-1,100 Socket 370


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List of Intel Celeron processors


Pentium III Celeron 1,000-1,400 Socket 370

Pentium 4 Celeron 1,700-1,800 Socket 478

Pentium 4 Celeron 2,000-2,800 Socket 478

Celeron M 800-1,500 Socket 479

Celeron M 900-1,700 Socket 479Celeron D 2,133-3,333 Socket 478, LGA775

Celeron M 1,466-2,000 Socket M

Celeron D 3,200-3,466 LGA775

Celeron Dual-Core 1,600-2,400 LGA775

List of AMD processors


AM386 As per Intel 386 As per Intel 386

AM486 As per Intel 486 As per Intel 486

K5 75-133 Socket 5 and 7

K6 166-300 Socket 7

K6-2 233-570 Super Socket 7

K6-III 400-570 Super Socket 7

Athlon 500-1,400 Slot A, Socket A

Duron 600-1,800

Athlon XP 1,333-2,333

Athlon 64 1,800-2,600 Socket 754, Socket 939, Socket AM2

Athlon 64 FX 2,200-2,800 Socket 939, Socket AM2Sempron 1,500-2,200 Socket A, Socket 754

Turion 1,600-2,400 Socket 754

Athlon 64 X2 2,000-2,400 Socket 939, Socket AM2

Phenom X3 1,900-2,500 Socket AM2+

Phenom X4 1,800-2,600 Socket AM2+

Phenom II X2 3,000-3,100 Socket AM3

Phenom II X3 2,500-2,800 Socket AM3

Phenom II X4 2,500-3,200 Socket AM2+, Socket AM3

List of AMD Opteron processors


Opteron 100 1,400-2,400 Socket 940

Opteron 100 1,800-2,800 Socket 939

Dual Core Opteron 100 1,800-2,600 Socket 939

Opteron 200 2,000-2,400 Socket 940


Opteron 800 1,600-3,000 Socket 940


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List of AMD Opteron processors



Dual Core Opteron 1000 1,800-2,800 Socket AM2

Dual Core Opteron 2000, 8000 1,800-2,800 Socket F

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