2011 11 23 green project tine ningal ucd v2

8/3/2019 2011 11 23 Green Project Tine Ningal UCD V2

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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy

Correspondence between CO2 emission

and sequestration by Dublin’s street trees

Tine Ningal & Dr. Gerald Mills

Fuel + Air Hydrocarbons + Nitrogen Oxides + Carbon Dioxide + Carbon Monoxide + Water

University College Dublin, Ireland




Framework

Evaluate theUrban

Environmentat Street Level

TrafficMeteorology3D

Urbanform

UrbanForest

SkyView

Factor

DailyShading

AirQualityCO2

Carbonstorage &

sequestration

2




Overview

1. Urban settlements

2. Transportation

3. Carbon dioxide emission

4. Urban trees

5. Carbon storage and sequestration

6. Correspondence with CO2 emission form traffic7. Next steps in updating urban trees database.

3




Objectives

Main research objective:

To assess the environmental quality at street level

in Inner City Dublin.

Sub-objective:

To examine the correspondence between CO2

emission from traffic and carbon sequestration by

street trees.

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World by night - urbanization

Source: http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/everydaylife/Growing_Cities_AGU.html

3% of global land areacomprise urbansettlements50% global populationlives in urban areas

since 2008

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http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/everydaylife/Growing_Cities_AGU.html

http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/everydaylife/Growing_Cities_AGU.html




Demographics of Ireland and Dublin

Population density (2006)Greater Dublin – 25%Dublin City - 12%

Land area (km2)Ireland – 84,469GDA - 922 (1% of Ireland)Dublin city - 118.2 (0.1% of Ireland, 12% of GDA)Study area - 14.2 (12% of Dublin city)

Ireland

Source: CSO

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Transportation in Ireland, 1984-2008

Up to 25% of all thevehicle registered in2008 were in Dublin

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Transportation in Ireland, 1984-2008

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Daily trips – Greater Dublin Area

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Daily trips - Dublin City Centre

Since the traffic flow remains generallyconstant through the daylight hours, it isassumed that traffic in both directions aresimilar.

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Traffic count and CO2 emission

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Traffic emission

Time resolution 24Hrs 1Week 1Month 12 Months

Traffic emission

CO2 (kg)

21,822,398 152,756,791 611,027,166 733,232,6002

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Hourly traffic flow during a weekday

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Hourly traffic count, 2006 - Dublin

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Role of trees in mitigating CO2

Versatile and multiple benefits

and services provided by treesto society• Shade provision• Noise/wind barrier• Storm water runoff reduction

• Add values to properties• Regulates temperature• CO2 sequestration & storage• Ecosystem services• Health, therapeutic & quality

of life• Aesthetics• Reduces air pollution• Controls erosion• Home and food source to

animals, insects and birds

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Inventory of Dublin’s urban/street trees

Cataloguing and inventorying

Dublin’s trees

1. Desktop heads-up digitizingof urban tree stands andcanopies using Google

Earth, Bing Maps and DualMaps.

2. Carrying out fieldwork togather street trees.

a) Record speciesb) Measure circumferenceat breast height (CBH).

c) Take photographsd) Document other details.

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Routes followed for fieldwork

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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy18

Trees in Dublin Inner City

Lime tree on median lane Vandalized tree

Matured London Plane Damaged by Dublin BusYoung tree in commercial area

Trees along busy streetMatured trees near residence




Results of tree survey

Digitized treesTotal = 10,488 trees

Digitized canopiesTotal = 839,860 m2

Surveyed treesTotal = 2,552 trees

Results• 1 tree to every 50 residents or 684trees km-2

• Canopy = 1 km-2 or 6% of study area

• Street trees = 25% of total trees19




Carbon sequestration by street trees

London Plane- comprises 22% of total street trees- stores over 80% of Carbon- sequesters over 65% of carbon

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Geography of recorded street trees

Buffer distance of up

to 5 meters from the

kerbside (Approx.

85-90%)

Trees = PointsRoads = Lines

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http://maps.google.ie/maps?q=Dublin&hl=en&ll=53.356913,-6.250679&spn=0.000003,0.003664&sll=-33.988934,18.432997&sspn=39.414686,86.572266&vpsrc=0&hnear=Dublin,+County+Fingal&t=m&layer=c&cbll=53.35709,-6.24992&panoid=7-JGS2nI6StZuIobcIp_3g&cbp=13,304.9,,0,1.46&z=19

http://maps.google.ie/maps?q=Dublin&hl=en&ll=53.353024,-6.296872&spn=0.000876,0.002642&sll=-33.988934,18.432997&sspn=39.414686,86.572266&vpsrc=6&hnear=Dublin,+County+Fingal&t=m&layer=c&cbll=53.353024,-6.296872&panoid=cE2E42YQUoM_XVRZXQa2iw&cbp=13,53.09,,0,-11.33&z=19

http://maps.google.ie/maps?q=Dublin&hl=en&ll=53.334086,-6.24668&spn=0.000876,0.002642&sll=-33.988934,18.432997&sspn=39.414686,86.572266&vpsrc=6&hnear=Dublin,+County+Fingal&t=m&z=19&layer=c&cbll=53.334086,-6.24668&panoid=59vWK188Bf33zXFqGcUJVQ&cbp=13,89.18,,0,-8.13




Carbon sequestered(kg) by street trees

ConversionSequesteredcarbon wasconverted to CO2before applyingMap Algebra.

That is bymultiplying with theconversion factor3.67.

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http://maps.google.ie/maps?q=Dublin&hl=en&ll=53.356913,-6.250679&spn=0.000003,0.003664&sll=-33.988934,18.432997&sspn=39.414686,86.572266&vpsrc=0&hnear=Dublin,+County+Fingal&t=m&layer=c&cbll=53.35709,-6.24992&panoid=7-JGS2nI6StZuIobcIp_3g&cbp=13,304.9,,0,1.46&z=19

http://maps.google.ie/maps?q=Dublin&hl=en&ll=53.353024,-6.296872&spn=0.000876,0.002642&sll=-33.988934,18.432997&sspn=39.414686,86.572266&vpsrc=6&hnear=Dublin,+County+Fingal&t=m&layer=c&cbll=53.353024,-6.296872&panoid=cE2E42YQUoM_XVRZXQa2iw&cbp=13,53.09,,0,-11.33&z=19

http://maps.google.ie/maps?q=Dublin&hl=en&ll=53.334086,-6.24668&spn=0.000876,0.002642&sll=-33.988934,18.432997&sspn=39.414686,86.572266&vpsrc=6&hnear=Dublin,+County+Fingal&t=m&z=19&layer=c&cbll=53.334086,-6.24668&panoid=59vWK188Bf33zXFqGcUJVQ&cbp=13,89.18,,0,-8.13




CO2 emission from traffic

Traffic Data SourceIrish Bulletin of Vehicle andDriver Statistics an Euro IVEmission Standards

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High CO2 emissions alongthe Quays, Northand South Circular

Roads and a fewmajor roads in thestudy area.




CO2 removed by trees

Annual Monthly

CO2 Emission byTraffic (kg) 733,232,600 61,102,716

CO2 removed by Street

Trees (kg) 7,047,526 587,294

Net CO2 (kg) 726,185,074 60,515,424

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Monetary estimates of removal by trees

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At €20/tCO2, the cost avoided by the presence of street trees in the studyarea: €140,950.50 annually (Tim Callan et al. 2009).

The cost of removing other pollutants such as CO, O3, NO2, PM10, SO2etc. is €6,037.96. (i-Tree model)

The total cost in saving from the presence of the surveyed street trees is€146,988.46.




Concluding remarks

1. There was over 10,000 trees representing 684 trees/km2 or 1 tree to

approximately every 50 residents in the study area.

2. There were 2,552 street trees recorded and which stored a total of1,920,306 kg of carbon or 7,047,526 kg of CO2.

3. With the current stock of street trees, it would take over 210 years to

sequester the CO2 emitted in one year.

4. The highest rate of CO2 removal by street trees correspond well withmatured London Planes distributed along the main busy streets. Meanwhile,other streets exhibiting high CO2 emissions are devoid of trees. Yet otherless busy streets have an abundance of street trees.

5. For effective mitigation of CO2 and other urban effects, considerations liketypes of tree species, its placement and management are important.

6. A tree’s functionality can be maximized by planting the right tree at the rightplace and at the right time.

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Next stepsParticipatory

updating of urban

trees

Common activities

1. Identifying trees in private

properties.

2. Take measurements likecircumference at breastheight and photographsand submit.

3. On-going updating ofdatabase of both fruit- andnon-fruit trees.

4. Assist in updating Carbonsequestration and storage.




Next steps




Thank you

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2011 11 23 green project tine ningal ucd v2

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