2012 3 overview of cloud computing 1
TRANSCRIPT
Cloud ComputingAn Introduction
Course Material 2011
Chapter 3
Ravindra Dastikop [email protected]
Cloud Complete
Agenda
● Basics ○ Cloud computing – meaning, various
definitions and perspectives, examples○ Evolution of Cloud computing ○ Essential features and properties of cloud
computing● Service and deployment models
○ Service models- what to expect from cloud vendors ?
○ Deployment models – how to use cloud for business ?
What is Cloud Computing?
Different Views
Cloud Computing: Simplified Cloud computing is a model of delivering computing
resources from the Internet to the user.
Cloud service - An example
when you get connected to service like Gmail, Hotmail etc - you are really connecting to a massive pools of servers somewhere out there on the internet
Source: http://howtogeek.com
Computing Resourcesavailable as cloud service
Software- Applications, OS, service
Hardware ( processors, servers, memory, cards)information - encyclopedia, search engine
User
computer connected to the netmobile user
Connected TV
Paradigm ● Direct to U From the “ net” as
against “on premise” ( DTH)● Direct to user – TV channel subscription● Use without owning- Ramco OnDemand
Cloud ● Rental basis- Google for Enterprises ● Procure as u grow (Gmail start with 7GB
and ask for more ) ● From NIL to FULL
Direct Home
Cloud Computing Vs Traditional Computing
YOURDATA
YOUR BUSINESS
CONTROLAPPLICATION
DOCUMENT
Computing before cloud
Computer: ownSoftware: Installeddata: stored on u r machine
YOURDATA
YOUR BUSINESS
CONTROL SPREAD SHEETS
STORAGE
YOURDATA ?
HOSTED SERVICES
The Internet
GOOGLE DOCS
GOOGLE DOCS
PROCESSING
Cloud Computing Services
● Application: accessed from the web (Word Processor)
● Document : Stored on the web
Office 365
Cloud from User Perspective
User
User perspective
Why is it called Cloud Computing
Why is it called Cloud Computing ?Example
Because in network diagrams, the Internet is depicted as a cloud.......
Source: http://howtogeek.com
● The name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud symbol that’s often used to represent the Internet in flow charts and diagrams. Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted service over the Internet.
Origin● “Comes from the early days of the Internet where we
drew the network as a cloud… we didn’t care where the messages went… the cloud hid it from us”
– Kevin Marks, Google
● First cloud around networking (TCP/IP abstraction)● Second cloud around documents (WWW data
abstraction)● The emerging cloud abstracts infrastructure
complexities of servers, applications, data, and heterogeneous platforms
Cloud: origin : Telephone Networks
Cloud symbol to represent networks
Why is it called cloud ?
Cloud Computing
Definitions
Wikipedia
● Cloud computing is Internet-based computing whereby shared resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand, like electricity grid.
● Cloud computing is a style of computing in
which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet
Virtualization Virtualization is abstracting the hardware to run virtual instances of multiple guest operating systems on a single host operating system.
Wikipedia- explanation
● “Cloud Computing is a computing paradigm shift where computing is moved away from personal computers or an individual application server to a “cloud” of computers.
● Users of the Cloud only need to be concerned
with the computing service being asked for, as the underlying details of how it is achieved are hidden.
Wikipedia- explanation
●This method of distributed computing is done through pooling all computer resources together and being managed by software rather than a human
●Cloud computing is a model of computing wherein an end user sources all computing resources directly from the internet without installing or owning them.
Virtualization - Forms
Virtualization
Definition from NIST ● Cloud computing is model for enabling
convenient, ○ on-demand network access to a
shared pool configurable computing resources ( e.g. networks,■ servers, ■ storage, ■ applications,
○ and services) ○ that can rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management or service provider interaction.
Berkley
● Cloud computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet and the hardware and system software in the data centers that provide those services
● The services themselves have long been referred to as Software as a Service ( SaaS), so we use the term. “ The data center hardware and software is what we will call a cloud
● When a cloud is made available in a pay-as-you use-go to the public- the service being sold as Utility computing
Buyya
● A cloud is a type of parallel and distributed systems consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resource based on service-level agreements established through negotiations between the service provider and consumer.
Gartner
● Gartner defines cloud computing as " a style of computing where massively scalable IT-enabled capabilities are delivered as a service to external customers using Internet technologies.
● Cloud Computing is simply a platform where individuals and companies use the Internet to access endless hardware, software and data resources for most of their computing needs, leaving the mess to their Cloud Service Providers
Layman’s definition
● Cloud computing may be defined as computing paradigm that supplies computing as "utility".
● The utilities can be purchased in quantities of choice, in location of user preferences.
● This may be on pay per use or pay per time.
why so many definitions ?
Summary of Cloud computing Definitions
● Cloud computing is a paradigm of computing, a new way of thinking about IT and ITeS industry
● Central concepts○ Utility computing○ SOA- service oriented architecture○ SLA- service level agreement
● Properties and characteristics○ High scalability and elasticity○ High availability and reliability○ High manageability and interoperability○ High accessibility and portability○ High performance and optimization
● Enabling techniques ○ Hardware virtualization○ Paralleled and distributed computing○ Web services
Stop One
Any questions?
Evolution of Cloud Computing
where did we start and how did we arrive here?
EvolutionMainframe
● First phase -
Evolution Personal Computing
● Second phase
Stages in ComputingClient-server computing
● Third phase -
Stages in ComputingClient server–web application ● Fourth phase -
Stages in ComputingGrid Computing
● Fifth phase -
Computers come under different administrative domains
Grid
Stages in Computing Cloud Computing
● Sixth phase -
Stop Two
The Anatomy of Cloud Computing
characteristics, models
The Anatomy of Cloud Computing
The cloud model promotes availability and composed of ●Five essential characteristics ●Three service models and ●Four deployment models.
The Properties of Cloud
● On-demand self-service● Broad network access, definition, meaning
● Resource pooling, explanation example
● Rapid elasticity, meaning
● Measured Service
Cloud Computing: features ● On-demand service-
○ you can get what u need and when u need● Broad network access-
○ Cloud computing brings network-based access to, management of , software and services – meaning access anywhere and anytime
● Resource pooling – ○ A large pool of users shares location-independent
resources and costs in an environmentally sustainable manner
● Flexible resource allocation○ Cloud computing service can scale up and down rapidly
as demands fluctuate ● Measured service
○ Most cloud usage is metered often per user/hour. U pay for what u consume
Computing Models
Deployment Models
Ways in which Cloud be used
Public cloud
● A public cloud is cloud implementation shared by the general public with a wide range of services available.
● It is owned and managed by an enterprise that sells/offers freely cloud services on pay-per-use ○ example 1○ example 2
Private cloud
● A private cloud implementation restricts access to internal users such as employees. It stays within a firewall
●
Hybrid cloud
● A hybrid cloud is an approach that uses a public cloud for some services such as class room applications- lesson plan
● But uses a private cloud other uses such as storage of sensitive data – examination data that must be accessed by few concerned or compliance data
Hybrid Cloud
Cloud Computing- MODES- another example
Private cloudPublic CloudHybrid cloud
Government Cloud
Indian Government Approach to Cloud Computing
Four deployment Models
Clouds can take the following avatars
Four deployment models
● Private cloud, ● Community cloud,
● Public cloud,● Hybrid cloud
Types by visibility:
Stop Three
send u r questions
The Three Service Models
The three service models
● Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS),● Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS), ● Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Service Models- An Analogy
Suppose u have moved to new town and want to find a
accommodation for yourself?
What are u options ?
What is u r choice ?
Build a new House ?
Buy an empty house ?
Live in a hotel
Build a New house ( IaaS)
Difficult, time consuming
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
● Vendor provides ○ VM, ○ Storage and ○ Computations
● Target:
○ Developers and ISV ● Examples
○ Amazon ○ Smugmug- a paid digital photo sharing service
http://dastikop.blogspot.com
Infrastructure as a Service● Infrastructure as a service ( IaaS)
○ The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other basic computing resources.
○ User can deploy and run arbitary software that could include OS and applications
○ The consumer does not manage or control underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and certain limited control over select networking components
● Examples○ Tata Communication○ Red hat○ Amazon○ Eucalyptus
Renting/buy a House (PaaS)
Rent or buy a house
Furnishing is u r freedom
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
● Vendor provides higher level API○ hides machines, storage etc
● Target: Developers and SME
● Vendors:
○ Force.com, ○ Google AppEngine
●
Stay in a Hotel (SaaS)
Software as a Service ( SaaS)
Business software delivered through cloud
Target: SME & Enterprise
Vendors: Google, Microsoft, Salesforce
MS word, Docs, spreadsheets, CRM
Cloud computing service models
Picture source
http://dastikop.blogspot.com
Service models overview● What if u want to have an IT department
○ Similar to build a new house in our analogy■ U can rent some virtualized infrastructure and build up u r
own IT system using these resources, which is under your full control
■ Technically speaking u r using Infrastructure as a service( IaaS) solution
○ Similar to buy an empty house in our analogy■ U can directly develop u r IT system through one cloud
platform and do not worry about lower level resource management
■ Technically speaking, u r using Platform as a service ( PaaS) Solution
○ Similar to live in a hotel in our analogy ■ U can use directly use some existing IT system solution,
which are provided by some cloud application service providers, without knowing any technical details about how these services are operated
■ Technically speaking , u r using software as a service ( Saas) solution
End of Cloud Computing Fundamentals
Enabling Technologies
Cloud computing is made possible and powered by the following technologies. Key enabling technologies include: ● Fast wide-area networks, ● powerful, inexpensive server computers, ● high-performance virtualization for
commodity hardware● Multi-tenancy .
Cloud Computing
Operational concepts
Central ideas● User perspectives
○ User don't care about how the works are done■ Instead, they only concern about what they can get
○ User does not care about what the provider actually did■ Instead, they only concerned about their quality of
service○ Users do not want to own the physical infrastructure
■ Instead they only want to pay for what they use
● What does user really care?
Utility computing
● One service provision modeling ● Service provider makes computing resources and
infrastructure management available to the customer as needed, and charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate (tata)red hat
● Like other types of on-demand computing, the utility model seeks to maximize the efficient use of resources and / or minimize associated costs
What is a service ?
● Service is what you connect together using web services
● Service is the end point of a connection● Functionalities of service
○ A service should be well-defined ( input, output)
○ A service should be self-contained○ A service should not depend on the context or
state of other services○ Add picture of service
What is a web service ?
● Definition○ Web service is a self-describing and stateless modules that
perform discrete units of work and are available over the network○ Web service providers offer APIs that enable developers to exploit
functionality over the Internet, rather than delivering full-blown applications
● WSDL ○ Expressed in XML which include both data type and message○ Four types of operations
■ One way- messages sent without a reply required■ Request and response – sending and receiving message■ Solicit response – a request for a response■ Notification : message sent to multiple receivers
A web service
Web Service
source: http://jan.newmarch.name/webservices/thailand.html
Service oriented architecture (SOA)
● Definition:○ Service oriented architecture (SOA) is essentially a
collection of services which communicate with each other○ Contain a flexible set of design principles used during the
phases of systems development and integration○ Provide a loosely-integrated suite that can be used within
multiple business domains● Approach:
○ Usually implemented by web service model
Service Oriented architecture
source: alignedstrategy.com
SOA
SOA
Source: enterprise web
Quality of service
● Original definition○ Quality of service ( QoS) is a set of
technologies for managing network traffic in a cost effective manner to enhance user experience for home and enterprise environments
● Now Qos has becomes to a broad term that is used following areas.
○ Customer care evaluations○ Technological evaluations
Quality of service
● Customer care evaluations○ OoS is usually measured in terms of issues that have
a direct impact of the customers○ Only issues that produce a negative effect on the
goods and services received by the customer come under scrutiny
● Technological evaluations○ QoS has to do with the efficient operation of various
systems○ This can lead to adjusting procedures or adapting
software programs and code to achieve the desired effect with making a more efficient use of available resources
QoS
Source: http://www.bgp-qos.org/forum/styles/prosilver/imageset/bgp-qos.jpg
Service Level Agreements
● Definition:○ A service-level agreement (SLA) is a contract between a
network service provider and a customer that species, usually in measurable terms ( QoS), what services the network service provider will furnish
● Common content in contract○ Performance guarantee metrics
■ Up-time and down-time ratio■ System throughput■ Response time
○ Problem management details○ Penalties for non-performance○ Document security capabilities○ Example ○ SLA Google example
SLA
cloudave.com
cloudave.com
Stop Two
Any Questions
Revision
● Different views of cloud computing ○ wikipedia,○ Berkely etc
● Concepts○ service, web services, SLA, QoS Virtualization
● Properties of Cloud● Service Models
○ IaaS, PaaS and SaaS ● Deployment models
○ private, public○ community, hybrid
Class No 02
19.02.2011
Scalability and Elasticity
● World without limitations ●
Scalability & Elasticity
● What is scalability?○ A desirable property of a system, a network, or a process,
which indicates its ability to either handle growing amount of work in a graceful manner or to be readily enlarged
● What is elasticity?○ The ability to apply a quantifiable methodology that
allows for the basis of an adaptive introspection with in a real time infrastructure
● But how to achieve these properties ?○ Dynamic provisioning○ Multi-tenant design
Dynamic provisioning
● is a simplified way to explain a complex networked server computing environment where server computing instances are provisioned or
● deployed from any administrative console or client application by the server administrator ; or by any other enabled user.
Dynamic provisioning (console)
Dynamic Business demands
Dynamic Provisioning
hds.com
Dynamic provisioning
○ The traditional computing model suffers from twin problems of underestimates/overestimates
■ Underestimate the system requirement/utilization which results in under provision. This may lead to loss of users and loss of revenues
The challenge of underestimate
Dynamic Provisioning
Dynamic provisioning
○ The traditional computing model suffers from twin problems of underestimates/overestimates
■ Overestimate system requirements/utilization results in low or sub-optimal utilization. This leads to unused or wasted resources
The problem of Overestimate
Under-utilizationwaste of resources
Dynamic provisioning
○ Dynamic Provision is the solution: Cloud computing provides dynamic provisioning in which cloud computing resources are provisioned dynamically
■ Meet seasonal demand variations■ Meet demand variation between different industries ( ice
cream/refrigerators) ■ Meet burst demand for some extraordinary events (
thehalka/wikileaks/ticketing systems / animato.com
Multi-tenant
● Multi-tenant refers to a principle in software architecture where a single instance of software runs on a server; serving multiple client organization
● With a multi-tenant architecture, a software application is designed to virtually partition its data and configuration thus each client organization works with customized virtual application instance example: Cloud applications – Gmail
●
multi-tenant
Multi-tenancy
Availability and Reliability
○ Availability is the degree to which a system, subsystem, or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of the mission, when a mission is called for at an unknown time
■ examples ○ Cloud systems usually require high availability i.e. 24/7 and 365
days. 99.999 uptime, can be down for 5 minutes in an entire year○ The reliability is the ability of a system or component to perform
its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time
○ Availability and Reliability are achieved by means of■ Fault-tolerant systems■ Require system resilience■ Reliable system security
availability
Reliability
Fault-tolerance
○ Fault-tolerance is the property of the system that enable system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of some of its components
○ If its operating quality decreases at all , the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure , as compared to naively-designed system in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown
○ Characteristics of Fault tolerant systems■ No single point of failure■ Fault detection and isolation to the failing component■ Fault containment to prevent propagation of the failure■ Availability of reversion modes
Fault tolerant
○ Single point of Failure ( SPOF)■ A part of a system which, if it fails will stop the entire
system from working■ The assessment of a potentially single location of failure
identifies the critical component of a complex system that would provoke a total system failure in case of malfunction
■ Prevention of SPOF■ If system experiences a failure, it must continue to
operate without interruption during the repair process
Fault-tolerant
Fault tolerant
■ Fault detection and isolation ( FDI) to the failing component
■ A subfield of control engineering which concerns itself with monitoring a system, identifying when a fault has occurred and pinpoint the type of fault and its location
■ Isolate failing component ■ When a failure occurs, the system must be
able to isolate the failure to the offending component
Fault tolerance
■ Fault containment to prevent propagation of the failure
■ Some failure mechanism can cause a system to fail by propagating the failure to the rest of the system
■ Mechanism that isolate a rogue transmitter or failing component to protect the system are required
■ Availability of reversion modes■ System should be able to maintain some
check points which can be used in managing the state changes
System Resilience
○ Resilience is the ability of the system to provide and maintain an acceptable level of service in the face of faults and challenges to normal operations
○ Resiliency pertains to the system’s ability to return to its original state after encountering trouble. In other words, if a risk event knocks a system offline, a highly resilient system will return back to work and function as planned as soon as possible
○ Some risk events■ If power is lost at a plant for two days, can our system
recover ?■ If a key service is lost because a database becomes
corrupt, can the business recover ?
Resilience
System Resilience
● Disaster Recovery○ Disaster recovery is the process, policies and procedures
related to preparing for recovery or continuation of technology infrastructure critical to an organization after a natural or human-induced disaster
● Some common strategies○ Backup
■ Make data off-site at regular interval■ Replicate data to an off-site location ■ Replicate whole system
○ Preparing ■ Local mirror systems■ Surge protector■ UPS
System security
System Security
● Security issue in cloud computing○ Cloud security is an evolving sub-domain of computer
security, network security and , more broadly, information security
○ It refers to a broad set of policies, technologies, and controls deployed to protect data, applications, and the associated infrastructure of cloud computing
System Security
● Important security and privacy issues:● Data protection
○ To be considered protected, data from one customer must be properly segregated from that of the other
● Identity management○ Every enterprise will have its own identity management
system to control access to information and computing resources
● Application security○ Cloud providers should ensure that applications available
as a service via the cloud are secure● Privacy
○ Providers ensure that all critical data are masked and that only authorized users have access to data in its entirely
Manageability & Interoperability
● I want full control
Manageability and interoperability
● What is manageability ?● Enterprise-wide administration of cloud computing
systems. Systems manageability is strongly affected by network management initiatives in telecommunications
● What is interoperability?○ Interoperability is a property of a product or system, whose
interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, present or future , without any restricted access or implementations
● But how to achieve above two ?○ System control automation○ System state monitoring
Control automation
● Four functional areas:● Self-configuration
○ Automatic configuration of components ● Self-healing
○ Automatic discovery, and correction of faults● Self-optimization
○ Automatic monitoring and control of resources to ensure the optimal functioning with respect to defined requirements
● Self-protection○ Proactive identification and protection from arbitrary
attacks
Control automation
● What is autonomic computing ?○ Its ultimate aim is to develop computer system capable
of self-management, to overcome the rapidly growing complexity of computing systems management, and to reduce the barrier that complexity poses to further growth
● Architectural framework○ Composed of autonomic components (AC) which will
interact with each other○ An AC can be modeled in terms of two main control
loops ( local and global) with sensors ( for self-monitoring), effectors ( for self-adjustment) , knowledge and planer/adapter for exploiting policies based on self-and environmental awareness
System Monitoring
● What is system monitor?○ A system monitor in system engineering is a process
within a distributed system for collecting and storing state data
● What should be monitored in the Cloud?○ Physical and virtual hardware state○ Resource performance metrics○ Network access patterns○ System logs
● Anything more ?
Monitoring Systems
Billing system
● Billing System in Cloud○ User pay for as many as they used (Tata)○ Cloud provider must first determine the list of service
usage price○ Cloud provider have to record the resource or service
usage of each user, and then charge user by these records
● How can cloud provider know user’s usage?○ Get those information by means of monitoring systems○ Automatically calculate the total amount of money to be
paid by the user. And automatically request money from user;s bank account
Billing Systems
Performance & Optimization
● High performance Improvement
Performance & Optimization
● Performance guarantees ??○ As the great computing power in cloud, application
performance should be guaranteed○ Cloud provider make use of powerful infrastructure or
other underlining resources to build up a highly performed and highly optimized environment, and then deliver the complete services to cloud users
● But how to achieve this property?○ Parallel computing○ Load balancing ○ Job scheduling
Parallel Processing
● Parallel processing○ Parallel processing is a form of computation in
which many calculations are carried out simultaneously on the principle that large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which are then solved currently
● Parallelism in different levels○ Bit level parallelism○ Instruction level parallelism○ Data level parallelism○ Task level parallelism
Parallel Processing
● Hardware approaches○ Multi-core computer○ Symmetric multi-processor○ General purpose graphic processing unit○ Vector processor○ Distributed computing
■ Cluster computing■ Grid computing
● Software approaches○ Parallel programming language○ Automatic parallelism
Job scheduling
● What is a job scheduler?○ A job scheduler is a software application that is in
charge of unattended background executions, commonly known for historical reasons as batch processing ( daemon)
● What should be scheduled in cloud?○ Computation intensive tasks○ Dynamically growing and shrinking tasks○ Tasks with complex processing dependency
● How to approach this ?○ Use pre-defined workflow○ System automatic configuration
Load balancing
● What is load balancing?○ Process
■ Load balancing is a technique to distribute workload evenly across two or more computers, networks links, CPUs, hard drives, or other resources,
○ Objectives:○ in order to get optimal resource utilization,○ maximize throughput, minimize response time, and
avoid overload● Why should be load balanced?
○ Improve resource utilization○ Improve system performance ○ Improve energy efficiency
Challenge of Load Balancing
Accessibility & Portability ● Anyone, Anytime,Anywhere●
Accessibility & Portability
● What is accessibility ( google accessible )○ Accessibility is a general term used to describe the
degree to which a product, service, or environment is accessible by as many people as possible
● What is service portability?○ Service portability is the ability to access services using
any device, anywhere, continuously with mobility support and dynamic adaptation to resource variations
● But how achieve these objectives?○ Uniform access○ Thin client
Device portability example
Uniform Access
● How do users access cloud services?○ cloud providers should provide their cloud service by
means of widespread accessing media. In other words, users from different operating systems or other accessing platforms should be able to directly be served
○ Nowadays , web browser technique is one of the most widespread platform in almost any intelligent electronic devices. Cloud-services take this into consideration, and delivery their services with web-based interface through the Internet
Thin Client
● What is thin client?○ Thin client is a computer or a computer program which
depends heavily on some other computer to fulfill its traditional computational roles. This stands in contrast to the traditional fat client, a computer designed to take on these roles by itself
● Characteristics○ Cheap client hardware
■ While the cloud providers handle several clients sessions at once , the clients can be made out of much cheaper hardware
○
Thin Clients
Thin Clients
○ Diversity of end devices■ End user can access cloud service via plenty of
various electronic devices which include mobile phones and smart phones
○ Client simplicity■ Client local systems do not need complete
operational functionalities
Questions?
send u r questions
Ravindra Dastikop
http://dastikop.blogspot.com
Cloud Research
Kamesh Pemmaraju heads cloud research at Sand Hill Group and he helps companies—enterprises and technology vendors—accelerate their transition to the cloud. His blog has been recognized in the top 50 bloggers on cloud computing and also in CloudTP's best cloud computing blogs list. He welcomes your comments, opinions, and questions. Drop in a line to [email protected]. For updates on news, views, interviews, webcasts, events, and blog posts, follow me on twitter @kpemmaraju.
Cloud Computing: features ● On-demand service-
○ you can get what u need and when u need● Broad network access-
○ Cloud computing brings network-based access to, management of , software and services – meaning access anywhere and anytime
● Resource pooling – ○ A large pool of users shares location-independent
resources and costs in an environmentally sustainable manner
● Flexible resource allocation○ Cloud computing service can scale up and down rapidly
as demands fluctuate ● Measured service
○ Most cloud usage is metered often per user/hour. U pay for what u consume
Using Clouds
Cloud Service Models
Service Models- An Analogy
Suppose u have moved to new town and want to find a
accommodation for yourself?
What are u options ?
What is u r choice ?
Build a new House ?
Buy an empty house ?
Live in a hotel
Build a New house ( IaaS)
Difficult, time consuming
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
● Vendor provides ○ VM, ○ Storage and ○ Computations
● Target:
○ Developers and ISV ● Examples
○ Amazon ○ Smugmug- a paid digital photo sharing service
Renting/buy a House (PaaS)
Rent or buy a house
Furnishing is u r freedom
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
● Vendor provides higher level API○ hides machines, storage etc
● Target: Developers and SME
● Vendors: Force.com, Google AppEngine
Software as a Service ( SaaS)
Business software delivered through cloud
Target: SME & Enterprise
Vendors: Google, Microsoft, Salesforce
MS word, Docs, spreadsheets, CRM
http://dastikop.blogspot.com
Service models overview● What if u want to have an IT department
○ Similar to build a new house in our analogy■ U can rent some virtualized infrastructure and build up u r
own IT system using these resources, which is under your full control
■ Technically speaking u r using Infrastructure as a service( IaaS) solution
○ Similar to buy an empty house in our analogy■ U can directly develop u r IT system through one cloud
platform and do not worry about lower level resource management
■ Technically speaking, u r using Platform as a service ( PaaS) Solution
○ Similar to live in a hotel in our analogy ■ U can use directly use some existing IT system solution,
which are provided by some cloud application service providers, without knowing any technical details about how these services are operated
■ Technically speaking , u r using software as a service ( Saas) solution
Cloud computing service models
Picture source
Cloud Computing Service models
Source:
Concept of cloud computing
● A concept is an instrument and a history, that is a bundle of possibilities and obstacles involved in the world as experienced – quote G S Granger
● Instrument - Using net as the source of computing resources and delivering them directly to the user
● Bundle of possibilities○ SAAS, IAAS
● History – Grid Computing, Distributed computing ● Obstacles - security, connectivity
Questions?
send u r questions
Conceptual Foundations
● Cloud computing concept has been derived from the Utility computing model.
○ The Best example Utility computing ( Packaged, metered) model would be the electricity supply system and another concept which it depends on is the Grid computing model.
○ Cloud computing has been mainly derived from the Mainframes concept.
○ The main feature of cloud computing is the scalability and how it incorporates a part of virtualization.
Concept- Business
● Utility Computing- packaged, metered ● Produce in large supply in retail
○ Water○ Electricity
● Whole buy- retail sale● Build large and massive capacity and
service is in and through individual units/users ○ per MB
Issues and Concerns
Cloud computing challenges
Obstacles
Cloud security
Security issues fall into two broad categories: ● Security issues faced by cloud providers ● security issues faced by their customers.
References 1Cloud security alliance
Security challenges
● Top Challenges faced by Cloud computing vendors○ Physical security, ○ network security, ○ application security
Simple Theory: Do not Trust any input from the user ○ XSS- ( Cross site scripting),○ Authenticated URL's○ User Switching , ○ SQL Injection
Challenges in Cloud Computing
● Number 1. Business Continuity and Service Availability● Number 2. Data Lock-In● Number 3. Data Confidentiality/Auditability● Number 4. Data Transfer Bottlenecks● Number 5. Performance Unpredictability● Number 6: Scalable Storage● Number 7: Bugs in Large-Scale Distributed Systems● Number 8: Scaling Quickly● Number 9: Reputation Fate Sharing● Number 10: Software Licensing
Source:
End
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
● Vendor provides ○ VM, ○ Storage and ○ Computations
● Target:○ Developers and ISV
● Examples○ Amazon ○ Smugmug- a paid digital photo sharing service
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
● Vendor provides higher level API○ hides machines, storage etc
● Target: Developers and SME ● Vendors: Force.com, Google AppEngine
Software as a Service ( SaaS)
Business software delivered through cloud
Target: SME & Enterprise
Vendors: Google, Microsoft, Salesforce
MS word, Docs, spreadsheets, CRM
Conclusion
● Cloud represents a new found land- migrate as early as possible
● Cloud computing represents a new Trend- embrace it
○ It better to go with trend than to fight it○ More people learn on web