2012 June• Q2: Between 1500 and 1850 the

authorities had to deal with many different types of crime.

• (a) Briefly describe how vagrants were punished in the sixteenth century. (5)

• (b) Explain why the Gunpowder Plotters were punished so harshly. (7)

• (c) Who was more of a problem for the authorities, highwaymen or smugglers? Explain your answer. (8)

2012 June• Q3: Prison reform and the development

of the police force were two of the most important development in the nineteenth century.

• (a) Briefly describe the main features of Peel’s new police force in 1829. (5)

• (b) Explain why prisons were reformed in the nineteenth century. (7)

• (c) Which had been the more successful development by the end of the nineteenth century, prison refore or the development of the police force? Explain your answer. (8)

2012 June• Q4: There were important changes to

law and order in the twentieth century.

• (a) Briefly describe the main changes in the way the police worked in the twentieth century. (5)

• (b) Explain why there was so much juvenile crime during the twentieth century. (7)

• (c) Which had a greater impact on law and order in the twentieth century, wars or recessions? Explain your answer. (8)

2012 January• Q2: Law and order changed between the time

of the Romans and the end of the Middle Ages

a)Briefly describe the effects of Roman law and order on the people in the countries they conquered (5)

b)Explain why the fall of the Roman Empire had an impact on law and order (7)

c)‘Between 1066 and the end of the Middle Ages, the system of law and order in England changed greatly’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer (8)

2012 January• Q3: The Bloody Code and

transportation were two responses to crime

a)Briefly describe what happened to transported convicts once they arrived in Australia (5)

b)Explain why Bloody Code was introduced (7)c)‘Transportation was a success’ How far do

you agree with this statement? Explain your answer (8)

2012 January• Q4: The authorities had to cope with new

problems of law and order in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

a)Describe the activities of the suffragettes (5)b)Explain why the growth of large cities had an

impact on law and order in the nineteenth centuries (7)

c)‘The authorities dealt with Peterloo more successfully than they dealt with the Rebecca Riots’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer (8)

2011 JuneQ2: In the period between 1500 and

1850 crimes and punishments changed.

• (a) Briefly describe how vagabonds were punished in the sixteenth century. (5)

• (b) Explain why there was so much smuggling in the eighteenth century. (7)

• (c) ‘The Bloody Code came to an end because juries refused to find people guilty.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2011 June• Q3: Two punishments in the eighteenth

and nineteenth centuries were transportation and prison.

• (a) Briefly describe the experiences of prisoner who were transported to Australia. (5)

• (b) Explain why the separate system was introduced into prisons in the nineteenth century. (7)

• (c) 'Prisons became more harsh during the nineteenth century.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2011 June• Q4: Many different factors have

influenced development in crime and punishment.

• (a) Briefly describe the impact of religion on crime and punishment. (5)

• (b) Explain why some periods have seen rapid changes in crime and punishment. (7)

• (c) Individuals have had more impact than governments on developments in crime and punishment.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2011 January• Q2: There were important changes to

crime and punishment in the Middle Ages• 2(a) Briefly describe how women were treated

by the law during the Middle Ages. (5)• 2(b) Explain why Anglo-Saxon laws and

Norman laws existed side by side during much of the Middle Ages. (7)

• 2(c) 'The story of Robin Hood does not teach us much about medieval crime and punishment.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2011 January• Q3: Types of crimes changed in the

seventeenth and eighteenth century

• 3(a) Briefly describe the activities of the smugglers (5)

• 3(b) Explain why there was an increase in Highway robbery in the eighteenth century (7)

• 3(c)’ The authorities were more worried about poaching than smuggling’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2011 January• Q4: There were different forms of

protest in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

•  4(a) Briefly describe what happened during the Rebecca Riots. (5)

•  4(b) Explain why ‘Peterloo’ was important at the time. (7)

•  4(c) 'The suffragettes did more harm than good to the campaign for the vote.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2010 June• Q4: The Middle Ages had a very

different approach to crime and punishment to that of the Romans

• 2(a) Briefly describe how the Romans tried to prevent crime. (5)

• 2(b) Explain how criminals were identified and caught in the Middle Ages. (7)

• 2(c) 'Law and order was not enforced effectively during the Middle Ages.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2010 June• Q3: Between the years 1500 and 1800

The authorities were worried about many different types of crime

• 3(a) Briefly describe how witches were detected in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (5)

• 3(b) Explain why heretic were punished so harshly in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (7)

• 3(c) ‘The Bloody Code was a success.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2010 June• Q4: There were many changes to

crime and punishment in the nineteenth century

• 4(a) Briefly describe the police force set up by Peel in the 1830s. (5)

•  4(b) Explain why industrialisation in the nineteenth century led to an increase in crime. (7)

•  4(c) 'Which was the more effective form of punishment, transportation or prison?' Explain your answer. (8)

2010 January• Q2: In the medieval system of law and

order, some things changed but other things stayed the same.

• (a) Briefly describe the different ways people were tried in Anglo-Saxon times. (5)

• (b) Explain why William I decided to make changes to the Anglo-Saxon system of law and order. (7)

• (c) How far was the system of law and order less harsh by the end of the Middle Ages? Explain your answer. (8)

2010 January• Q3: The nature of crime changed

between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries.

• (a) Briefly describe how vagrants were punished in the sixteenth century. (5)

• (b) Explain why eighteenth-century laws against poaching were very unpopular. (7)

• (c) 'Highway robbery was a more serious problem than smuggling for the authorities in the eighteenth century.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2010 January• Q4: Both police and prisons changed

during the nineteenth century.• (a) Briefly describe the type of policing

that took place around 1800. (5)• (b) Explain why the 'separate' and 'silent'

systems were introduced into nineteenth-century prisons. (7)

• (c) 'When a professional police force was established and developed in the nineteenth century, it was not welcomed by the public.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2009• Q2: There were developments in law

and order during the Middle Ages • (a) Briefly describe the work carried out

by juries in the Middle Ages. (5)• (b) Explain why trial by ordeal was used

in the Middle Ages. (7)• (c) 'By the end of the Middle Ages the

system of law and order had changed little since the beginning of the Middle Ages.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2009• Q3: Between the 1500 and 1800 new

types of crime became important.• (a) Briefly describe what people in the

sixteenth century and seventeenth centuries believed about witches. (5)

• (b) Explain why highway robbery declined towards the end of the eighteenth century. (7)

• (c) Which was more of a problem for the government and the landed classes in the eighteenth century, smuggling or poaching? Explain your answer. (8)

2009• Q4: Developments in crime have been

affected by a number of factors.• (a) Briefly describe the contribution made

to developments in law and order by any one individual. (5)

• (b) Explain how people's desire to rebel or protest has led to problems for the authorities. (7)

• (c) Which had the greater impact on crime and punishment in the nineteenth century, industrialisation or religion? Explain your answer. (8)

2008• Q2: In the period from the Anglo-Saxons

to the eighteenth century there have been many changes in crime and punishment

• (a) Briefly describe Anglo-Saxon methods of policing, trial and punishment. (5)

• (b) Explain why, after 1066, William the Conqueror changed some aspects of the system of law and order. (7)

• (c) 'The crimes that worried governments in the eighteenth century were different from those that worried governments in the sixteenth century.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2008• Q3: The system of law and order in

the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was often brutal.

• (a) Briefly describe how vagrants were punished in the sixteenth century. (5)

• (b) Explain why there was such a fear of witches in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (7)

• (c) 'The Bloody Code was successful.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2008• Q4: Crime and punishment changed

rapidly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

• (a) Briefly describe the changes to prisons in the nineteenth century. (5)

• (b) Explain why new types of crime appeared in the twentieth century. (7)

• (c) 'The police force changed more in the twentieth century than it did in the nineteenth century. How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2007• Q2: Some attitudes towards crime and

punishment changed between Roman times and the Middle Ages.

• (a) Briefly describe ways in which the Romans punished criminals. (5)

• (b) The story of Robin Hood was popular in the Middle Ages. Explain what this tells us about attitudes towards crime and punishment at that time. (7)

• (c) ‘People in the Middle Ages depended on God to decide whether the accused were innocent or guilty’. Explain how far you agree with this statement. (8)

2007• Q3: During the nineteenth century

important changes were made to prisons.

• (a) Briefly describe prisons at the beginning of the nineteenth century. (5)

• (b) Explain the arguments put forward by those who wanted to make changes to prisons in the nineteenth century. (7)

• (c) ‘Prisons were much better in 1900 than they had been in 1800? Explain how far you agree with this statement. (8)

2007• Q4: There have been many political

protests in the history of crime and punishment.

• (a) Briefly describe the Gunpowder Plot. (5)

• (b) Explain why the suffragettes used violent methods. (7)

• (c) Who were the more successful, the demonstrations at Peterloo or the Rebecca Rioters? Explain your answer. (8)

2006• Q2: Between 1500 and 1800 some

types of crime increased.• (a) Briefly describe how witches were

identified. (5)• (b) Explain why people in the sixteenth

and seventeenth century thought that vagrancy was a serious problem. (7)

• (c) Who was more of a problem for the authorities in the eighteenth century, smugglers or highwaymen? Explain your answer. (8)

2006• Q3: One of the most important changes

in the nineteenth centuries was the setting up of police forces around the country.

• (a) Briefly describe the methods of preventing crime and catching criminals in the eighteenth century. (5)

• (b) Explain why Sir Robert Peel was able to set up a police forces in the late 1820s. (7)

• (c) How successful had police forces been by the end of the nineteenth century? Explain your answer. (8)

2006• Q4: In the nineteenth and twentieth

centuries there were several examples of popular protest.

• (a) Briefly describe what happened at Peterloo in 1819. (5)

• (b) Explain why the Rebecca Riots took place in the 1830s and 1840s. (7)

• (c) Did the suffragettes help of harm the cause of votes for women? Explain your answer. (8)

2005• Q2: Between 400 and 1500 there were

changes to the system of law and order.• (a) Briefly describe the main features of the

Anglo-Saxon system of law and order. (5)• (b) Explain why the Normans changed some

aspects of the Anglo-Saxon system of law and order but left the other aspects unchanged. (7)

• (c) How far did the system of law and order change between 1066 and the end of the Middle Ages? Explain you answer. (8)

2005• Q3: Towards the end of the eighteenth

century transportation was often used instead of the death penalty.

• (a) Briefly describe the system of transportation. (5)

• (b) Explain why the Bloody Code was introduced in the eighteenth century. (7)

• (c) How far was transportation more successful than the Bloody Code? Explain your answer. (8)

2005• Q4: The Rebecca Riots lasted from

1839 to the middle of the 1840s.• (a) Briefly describe the main events

of the Rebecca Riots. (5)• (b) Explain why people took part in

the Rebecca Riots. (7)• (c) How successful did the authorities

deal with the Rebecca Riots? Explain your answer. (8)

2004• Q2: During the Middle Ages, the

system of law and order was not fair to everyone.

• (a) Briefly describe how women were treated by the law in the Middle Ages. (5)

• (b) Explain how medieval kings extended royal justice. (7)

• (c) How useful is the story of Robin Hood as evidence of people’s feeling towards the system of law and order in medieval times? Explain your answer. (8)

2004• Q3: In the eighteenth century,

governments became very worried about the rise in crime.

• (a) Briefly describe the Bloody Code. (5)• (b) Explain why governments were very

worried about smuggling in the eighteenth century. (7)

• (c) Explain the arguments used at the time for and against the Bloody Code. (8)

2004• Q4: Ideas about punishments changed

during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

• (a) Briefly describe how transportation was used as a punishment in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. (5)

• (b) How did attitudes towards capital punishment change during the nineteenth century? Explain your answer. (7)

• (c) Did the treatment of prisoners get better or worse during the nineteenth century? Explain your answer. (8)

2003• Q2: Approaches to crime and

punishment changed a great deal from the time of the Romans to the time of the Normans.

• (a) Briefly describe how the Romans tried to prevent crime. (5)

• (b) Explain how the Anglo-Saxons involved the local community in keeping law and order. (7)

• (c) How far did the Normans improve law and order? Explain your answer. (8)

2003• Q3: Crime, and reactions to it, have

changed over time.• (a) Why did governments in the sixteenth

century make vagrancy a crime? (5)• (b) Explain why highway robbery

increased in the early part of the eighteenth century. (7)

• (c) How successful were the police in dealing with crime in the nineteenth century? Explain your answer. (8)

2003• Q4: Different factors have influenced the

development of crime and punishment.• (a) Explain the contribution of any one

individual to developments in law and order. (5)• (b) Explain how religion has affected attitudes

towards crime and punishment. (7)• (c) How far did industrialisation lead to

improvements in law and order in the nineteenth century? Explain your answer. (8)

2002• Q2: The problems of crime and

punishment in the Middle Ages were different from those of the twentieth century.

• (a) Explain how people were tried and punished in the Middle Ages. (5)

• (b) Why did the Normans change some, but not all, of the Anglo-Saxon methods of trial and punishments? (7)

• (c) How different were the problems of crime and punishment in the twentieth century from those of the Middle Ages? Explain your answer. (8)

2002• Q3: Both the Peterloo demonstrations

and the Suffragettes wanted to bring about change.

• (a) Explain the different methods of demonstrating used by the Suffragettes? (5)

• (b) Why did the authorities react to the Peterloo demonstrations in the ways that they did? (7)

• (c) Who were the more successful, the Peterloo demonstrators or the Suffragettes? Explain your answer. (8)

2002• Q4: Attitudes towards crime and

punishment have been changed by many different factors.

• (a) Explain how the work of one individual has led to changes in attitudes towards crime and punishment. (5)

• (b) Explain how different factors led to witchcraft becoming a major worry for some people between 1500 and 1700. (7)

• (c) How far was the influence of government on crime and punishment greater in the nineteenth century than before? Explain your answer. (8)

2001• Q2: There were many changes in crime

and punishment during the Middle Ages.• (a) Explain how people were tried and

punished in Anglo-Saxon England. (5)• (b) How far did the Normans change the

ways people were tried and punished? Explain your answer. (7)

• (c) How useful is the story of Robin Hood as evidence about medieval crime and punishment? Explain your answer. (8)

2001• Q3: In the past, governments have

had to deal with many different threats to law and order.

• (a) Why were governments in the sixteenth century worried about vagrants? (5)

• (b) Explain why highway robbery increased in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? (7)

• (c) Why did the suffragettes protest in the ways that they did? (8)

2001• Q4: Ideas about punishment have

changed a great deal over the last four hundred years.

• (a) Explain why the gunpowder plotters were punished so harshly. (5)

• (b) Why was the Bloody Code introduced in the eighteenth century? (7)

• (c) ‘The only reason the Bloody code was swept way in the nineteenth century was because it had failed to reduce crime’. How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (8)

2000• Q2: Particular groups of people have in

the past suffered because of the law.• (a) Describe the ways in which women

were treated differently from men by the law in the Middle Ages. (5)

• (b) Explain why governments and the public were so worried about witches in the sixteenths and seventeenth centuries? Explain your answer. (7)

• (c) Who were more of a threat to the authorities in the sixteenth century: heretics or vagrants? Explain your answer. (8)

2000• Q3: Industrialisation had an important

impact on law and order in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

• (a) Describe the impact of industrialisation on law and order during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? (5)

• (b) Explain in what ways the police were reformed in the nineteenth century. (7)

• (c) How successful were police forces in the nineteenth century? Explain your answer. (8)

2000• Q4: Public protests have sometimes caused

problems for the authorities. Choose one of the following protests:

• Peterloo;• The Rebecca Riots;• The Suffragettes.

• For the protest you have chosen:• (a) Describe the activities of the protesters and the

reactions of the authorities. (5)• (b) Explain why the people were protesting? (7)• (c) How far were the protesters successful?

Explain your answer. (8)

1999• Q2: After their conquest of England

the Normans made changes to the system of law and order.

• (a) Explain how the Anglo-Saxon tithing worked. (5)

• (b) Why did the Anglo-Saxons use compurgation and trial by ordeal? (7)

• (c) ‘The Normans introduced a completely different system of law and order into England after 1066? Explain how far you agree with this statement. (8)

1999• Q3: In the eighteenth century the

government introduced harsh punishments for many crimes.

• (a) Explain why many people in the eighteenth century did not regard poaching as a crime? (5)

• (b) Explain why smuggling was such a problem for the authorities in the eighteenth century? (7)

• (c) How far does the introduction of the ‘Bloody Code’ show that the eighteenth century was a particularly violent and lawless time? Explain your answer. (8)

1999• Q4: During the nineteenth century police

forces were set up all over England.• (a) Describe the main methods of law

enforcement at the beginning of the nineteenth century. (5)

• (b) Why were police forces set up in England in the first half of nineteenth century? (7)

• (c) ‘How far has the work of the police changed between the middle of the nineteenth century and today?’ Explain your answer. (8)