2013/04/25—Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 1

April 25, 2013

2013/04/25—Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 2

Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I

Division of Environmental Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental ScienceThe first semester of Fiscal 201310:30─12:00, Thursday at Lecture Room D103

Bunsho OhtaniCatalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan011-706-9132 (dial-in)/011-706-9133 (facsimile)

ohtani@cat.hokudai.ac.jphttp://www.hucc.hokudai.ac.jp/~k15391/

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objectives/goal/keywords

objectivesUnderstanding of scientific methods based on the studies onchemicals and environments. No transmission of knowledge inchemistry or environmental science is expected.

goalTo find a way of thinking and to understand fundamental scientificmethods for better interpretation of chemistry and environment

keywordsEnvironment and chemicals, Scientific methods, Fundamentals forchemical research

topicsfuel cell: mass communication and scientific articles/microwaveoven/identification of chemical substances/dioxin/climbing MountEverest/A map of European countries: taking laboratorynotebooks/triple crown in science/jamming up in buses: originality inscience/diet control products and methods: ethics/recycle

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format

• Answer several questions in each classes. Any answers are evaluated ifmeaningful. Answers in null correspond just your absence. <30%>

• A quiz, leading to and encouraging understanding chemistry and/orscience, has to be submitted in the end of this course. <50%>

• Students have to submit "a question" with each nickname to ProfessorOhtani and impression/comments after each class and vote for "questionand answer". <20%>

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schedule

(1) April 11 introduction with introduction(2) April 18 mole and Avogadro's constant(3) April 25 necessary and sufficient conditions/Mt. Everest(4) May 2 microwave oven/Internet(5) May 9 originality in science/fake

May 16 (no class)(6) May 23 experimental notebook(7) May 30 blood type/chi-square (chi-squared) test

June 6 (no class/class for Monday)(8) June 13 cell(9) June 20 triple crown in science

July 27 (no class)(10) July 4 recycle(11) July 11 ecology/XXX'ed(12) July 18 green-house effect/recognition(13) July 25 (presentation of quiz [1])(14) August 1 (presentation of quiz [2])

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the best question and answer

Q Which is the best question? Answer the nickname.Q Which is the best answer? Answer the nickname.

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Ｑ

What is the substance (shown in chemical formula), not a mixture of compounds, in largest amount in this room not including walls, ceiling and floor?

How much moles is it?

What is the element in largest number of atoms?How many is it?

substances (shown in chemical formula)

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• inner volume of this room• air: ca. 80% of nitrogen (N2) and 20% of oxygen (O2)• 1 mol of gas: 22.4 L at 273 K/24.5 L at 298 K• wooden materials = cellulose (molecular weight?)• iron-made materials = density (ca. 8 g cm-3) and molar

mass (ca. 56 mol-1)・ human beings are made of chemical compounds• Approximately 60% of human body is water (80% in baby).• approximately 85% in a brain• Possibly, water is the largest in molar amount, but depends

on the number of students.• Hydrogen atoms may be the largest in number

calculation of molar amount

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measurement of Avogadro's constant

• prepare a solid sample of pure substance• measure density (volume/mass) of the sample: V (m3 kg-1)• measure number of relative weight of atom in the sample,

atomic mass: u (kg mol-1)• measure number of atoms included in the sample: n (m-3)

Avogadro's constant, NA (mol-1) =

V × u × n

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done!

• secondary-cut hair: 1.506 g• 24.8 g for 598 pieces/9.8 g for 218

pieces = 0.0432 g• total number:

ca. 35,000ca. 35,000

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requisites for a researcher

with basic facilities

• fundamental knowledge and skills• communication skills (not only in English)• just doing it, without looking for the reason for not doing

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Photocatalysis

Q Do you know "photocatalysis"?Q Do you know examples of application of photocatalysis other than (1)

photocatalytic decomposition and/or (2) photoinduced superhydrophilicity?

other applications

regular PVC Teflon-coated titania-coated

after exposure outdoor for 5 months

air purifier

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identification: molecular mass

Ｑ

What the molecular mass of, e.g., 160.05 for a certain compound means?

Ｑ

Why figures after the decimal point appears?

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basic requirements for identification

in the field of organic synthesis

• elemental analysis data matching within 0.3% = giving formula like C10H8O2

• NMR spectrum reasonable for a given structure or coincidence with that of an authentic sample

• milli-mass data

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milli-mass spectroscopy

• any atoms except for 12C has after-decimal-point atomic mass• distribution of isotopes

C10H8O2 = 160.052430C9H8ON2 = 160.063663

atom atomic mass abundance atom atomic mass abundance

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photocatalytic reaction of naphthalene by titania

no reports on elemental analysis: gas chromatographic data onlyrequired matching of elemental analysis within 0.3%

problem in photocatalytic organic synthesis

OH OHCHO

CHO

both of them are of C10H8O2 = 160.05both of them are of C10H8O2 = 160.05

in original report in revised report

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gas chromatography

impossible to IDENTIFY substances by chromatography

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necessary and sufficient conditions

• no sufficient conditions for identification• only necessary conditions/we don't know how many necessary

conditions

if this is the object compoundmolecular weight should be ...elemental analysis should be ...NMR spectrum should be ...infrared absorption spectrum should be ...

(ONLY) probability is HIGH = no proof

A

B

CD

E

必要条件

十分条件《真理》

nc

sctruth

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Mount Everest

Party of Nihon University 1995http://www.everest.co.jp/everest95/nu-ev95.html

ridgethree climbing routes

summit

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Japanese climber arriving the summit 3 times

Mr. Yasuo Kato

(1) 38th in the world/October 26, 19734th for Japanese/first time in autumn season/due to bad weather 13 fingers lost

(2) 105th in the world/May 3, 1980climbing with a VTR camera

(3) 135th in the world/December 27, 1982died on the way back

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Mount Everest

ＱWho was the first summiteer(s) of Mount Everest?

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the first SUMMITEER

English party: May 29, 1953Edmund Hillary (New Zealand) and Tenzing Norgay (Nepalese Sherpa )

Definition of SUMMITEERarriving the summit and coming backIf this is limited to only "arriving the summit", it is impossible to decide who is the first summiteer, since

Mr. George Mallory, who said "Because it is there", tried to summit in 1924 with Mr. Andrew Irvine, butfailed. In 1999 the Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition, sponsored in part by the TV show Nova andthe BBC, and organized and led by Eric Simonson, arrived at Everest to search for the lost pair. Guidedby the research of Jochen Hemmleb, within hours of beginning the search on 1 May, a frozen body wasfound by Conrad Anker at 26,760 feet (8,160 m/at 180 m down to the summit) on the north face of themountain. As the body was below where Irvine's axe was found in 1933, the team expected the body tobe Irvine's, and were hoping to recover the camera that he had reportedly carried with him. They weresurprised to find that name tags on the body's clothing bore the name of "G. Mallory." The body wasremarkably well preserved, due to the mountain's climate. The team could not locate the camera. Expertsfrom Kodak have said that if a camera is ever found, there is some chance that its film could be developedto produce printable images, if extraordinary measures are taken.

Mr. George Mallory, who said "Because it is there", tried to summit in 1924 with Mr. Andrew Irvine, butfailed. In 1999 the Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition, sponsored in part by the TV show Nova andthe BBC, and organized and led by Eric Simonson, arrived at Everest to search for the lost pair. Guidedby the research of Jochen Hemmleb, within hours of beginning the search on 1 May, a frozen body wasfound by Conrad Anker at 26,760 feet (8,160 m/at 180 m down to the summit) on the north face of themountain. As the body was below where Irvine's axe was found in 1933, the team expected the body tobe Irvine's, and were hoping to recover the camera that he had reportedly carried with him. They weresurprised to find that name tags on the body's clothing bore the name of "G. Mallory." The body wasremarkably well preserved, due to the mountain's climate. The team could not locate the camera. Expertsfrom Kodak have said that if a camera is ever found, there is some chance that its film could be developedto produce printable images, if extraordinary measures are taken.

http://www.nepal.co.jp/rne/news/MIURAHI/miura2.htm

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summiting

ＱHow can you prove the summiting?

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fake in movie

Capricorn One (UK, 1977)

First trial to reach Mars with fake of NASA ...

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requisites for a researcher

with basic facilities

• fundamental knowledge and skills• communication skills (not only in English)• just doing it, without looking for the reason for not doing• double check: humility (modesty) for one's work

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climbing route

• three routes (ridges) to the summit

• no way for traverse• passing A followed by passing B

proves summiting

A

B

C

summit

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comments on this lecture and question

Please send email in Japanese or English within 48 hours

to: ohtani@cat.hokudai.ac.jpsubject: me20130425-XXXXXXXX(your id number)body:

full namenicknamecomments on today's lecturequestion(s): at least one

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