2015-2016 university of...

University of Chicago 1

Geophysical SciencesProgram of Study

The Department of the Geophysical Sciences (GEOS) offers unique programs ofstudy in the earth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences. Topics include the physics,chemistry, and dynamics of the atmosphere, oceans, and ice sheets; past and presentclimate change; the origin and history of the Earth, moon, and meteorites; propertiesof the deep interior of the Earth and the dynamics of crustal movements; and theevolution and geography of life and the Earth’s surface environments throughgeologic time. These multidisciplinary topics require an integrated approachfounded on mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology.

Both the BA and BS programs prepare students for careers that draw upon theearth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences. However, the BS degree provides amore focused and intensive program of study for students who intend to pursuegraduate work in these disciplines. The BA degree also offers thorough study inthe geophysical sciences, but it provides a wide opportunity for elective freedomto pursue interdisciplinary interests, such as environmental policy, law, medicine,business, and precollege education.

Program RequirementsThe principal distinction between the BA and BS programs is the number of 20000-

level courses required for the major and their distribution among subdisciplines.Students are advised, but not required, to complete GEOS courses at the 13000 levelin their first or second year.

Program Requirements for the BA in GeophysicalSciences

Candidates for the BA in Geophysical Sciences begin their program of study withGEOS 13100 Physical Geology, GEOS 13200 Earth History, and GEOS 13300 TheAtmosphere, which is the introductory sequence. Students are strongly encouragedto take these classes before their third year. With prior consent of the departmentalcounselor, students with the appropriate background may substitute a 20000-levelcourse, which may be taken during or after the third year.

Students must also complete one year of chemistry, one year of physics, and oneyear of calculus, as well as BIOS 20197 Evolution and Ecology and BIOS 20198Biodiversity.

A minimum of six additional 20000-level science courses are required. At leastfour must be from the Geophysical Sciences (List 1). Up to two may be chosen fromSupport Courses for the Geophysical Sciences (List 2). Up to two may be chosenfrom Mathematics and Statistics Courses (List 3). One may be a field course.

Summary of Requirements for the BA in Geophysical SciencesGENERAL EDUCATIONOne of the following sequences: 200

2 Geophysical Sciences

CHEM 10100& CHEM 10200

Introductory General Chemistry Iand Introductory General Chemistry II

CHEM11100-11200

Comprehensive General Chemistry I-II *

CHEM12100-12200

Honors General Chemistry I-II

One of the following sequences: 200MATH13100-13200

Elementary Functions and Calculus I-II *

MATH15100-15200

Calculus I-II

MATH16100-16200

Honors Calculus I-II

BIOS 20197 Evolution and Ecology ** 100

BIOS 20198 Biodiversity ** 100

Total Units 600

MAJORCHEM 11300 Comprehensive General Chemistry III * 100

or CHEM 12300 Honors General Chemistry IIIOne of the following sequences: 300

PHYS12100-12200-12300

General Physics I-II-III *

PHYS13100-13200-13300

Mechanics; Electricity and Magnetism; Waves, Optics, andHeat

PHYS14100-14200-14300

Honors Mechanics; Honors Electricity and Magnetism;Honors Waves, Optics, and Heat

GEOS 13100& GEOS 13200& GEOS 13300

Physical Geologyand Earth Historyand The Atmosphere

300

One of the following: 100MATH 13300 Elementary Functions and Calculus III *

MATH 15300 Calculus IIIMATH 16300 Honors Calculus III

One Mathematics or Statistics course (List 3) 100

Six courses in 20000-level science † 600

Total Units 1500


* Credit may be granted by examination.** Geophysical Sciences majors can take these courses without the Biological

Sciences prerequisites (BIOS 20150-20151) unless they pursue a double majorin Biological Sciences. They are expected to show competency in mathematicalmodeling of biological phenomena covered in BIOS 20151.

† At least four courses must be from List 1, and up to two courses may be fromList 2 and/or List 3.

Program Requirements for the BS in Geophysical SciencesCandidates for the BS in Geophysical Sciences begin their program of study with

GEOS 13100 Physical Geology, GEOS 13200 Earth History, and GEOS 13300 TheAtmosphere, which is the introductory sequence. Students are strongly encouragedto take these classes before their third year. With prior consent of the departmentalcounselor, students with the appropriate background may substitute a 20000-levelcourse, which may be taken during or after the third year.

Students must also complete one year of chemistry, one year of physics, and atleast one year of calculus, as well as BIOS 20197 Evolution and Ecology and BIOS20198 Biodiversity.

A minimum of eight additional 20000-level science courses are required. At leastthree must be from the Geophysical Sciences (List 1). Up to three may be chosenfrom Support Courses for the Geophysical Sciences (List 2). Up to two may be fromMathematics and Statistics Courses (List 3). One may be a field course. One may beGEOS 29700 Reading and Research in the Geophysical Sciences.

Summary of Requirements for the BS in Geophysical SciencesGENERAL EDUCATIONOne of the following sequences: 200

CHEM 10100& CHEM 10200

Introductory General Chemistry Iand Introductory General Chemistry II

CHEM11100-11200

Comprehensive General Chemistry I-II *

CHEM12100-12200

Honors General Chemistry I-II

One of the following sequences: 200MATH13100-13200

Elementary Functions and Calculus I-II *

MATH15100-15200

Calculus I-II

MATH16100-16200

Honors Calculus I-II

BIOS 20197 Evolution and Ecology ** 100

BIOS 20198 Biodiversity ** 100

Total Units 600


MAJORCHEM 11300 Comprehensive General Chemistry III * 100

or CHEM 12300 Honors General Chemistry IIIOne of the following sequences: 300

PHYS12100-12200-12300

General Physics I-II-III *

PHYS13100-13200-13300

Mechanics; Electricity and Magnetism; Waves, Optics, andHeat

PHYS14100-14200-14300

Honors Mechanics; Honors Electricity and Magnetism;Honors Waves, Optics, and Heat

GEOS 13100& GEOS 13200& GEOS 13300

Physical Geologyand Earth Historyand The Atmosphere

300

One of the following: 100MATH 13300 Elementary Functions and Calculus III *

MATH 15300 Calculus IIIMATH 16300 Honors Calculus III

Two Mathematics or Statistics courses from List 3 200

Eight courses in 20000-level science ‡ 800

Total Units 1800

* Credit may be granted by examination.** Geophysical Sciences majors can take these courses without the Biological

Sciences prerequisites (BIOS 20150-20151) unless they pursue a double majorin Biological Sciences. They are expected to show competency in mathematicalmodeling of biological phenomena covered in BIOS 20151.

‡ At least three courses must be from List 1, up to three courses may be from List2, and up to two courses may be from List 3.

Program Requirements for the BS in EnvironmentalScience

For information about the BS in Environmental Science, see the EnvironmentalScience (collegecatalog.uchicago.edu/archives/2015-2016/thecollege/environmentalscience) page of this catalog.

Field Trips and Field CoursesThe department sponsors field trips that range in length from one day to several

weeks. Shorter field trips typically form part of lecture-based courses and areoffered each year. (The trips are open to all students and faculty if space permits.)Longer trips are designed as undergraduate field courses, and one such course maybe used as an elective science course for the major. Destinations of field courseshave recently included Baja California, Death Valley, Nevada, Salton Trough,Newfoundland, and the Bahamas. (p. )


GEOS 29001 Field Course in Geology 100GEOS 29002 Field Course in Modern and Ancient Environments 100GEOS 29005 Field Course in Environmental Science 100

Lists of Courses 1–3List 1: Geophysical Sciences CoursesGEOS 21000 Introduction to Mineralogy 100GEOS 21005 Mineral Science 100GEOS 21100 Introduction to Petrology 100GEOS 21200 Physics of the Earth 100GEOS 21205 Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Near-

Surface Earth Seismicity100

GEOS 21400 Thermodynamics and Phase Change 100GEOS 22040 Formation of Planetary Systems in Our Galaxy: From Dust

to Planetesimals100

GEOS 22050 Formation of Planetary Systems in our Galaxy: FromPlanetesimals to Planets

100

GEOS 22060 What Makes a Planet Habitable? 100GEOS 22200 Geochronology 100GEOS 23205 Introductory Glaciology 100GEOS 23400 Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast 100GEOS 23800 Global Biogeochemical Cycles 100GEOS 23805 Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry 100GEOS 23900 Environmental Chemistry 100GEOS 24220 Climate Foundations 100GEOS 24230 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Foundations 100GEOS 24240 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Rotation and Stratification 100GEOS 24250 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Understanding the Motions

of the Atmosphere and Oceans100

GEOS 24705 Energy: Science, Technology, and Human Usage 100GEOS 25400 Introduction to Numerical Techniques for the Geophysical

Sciences100

GEOS 26300 Invertebrate Paleobiology and Evolution 100GEOS 26600 Geobiology 100GEOS 26650 Environmental Microbiology 100GEOS 27300 Biological Evolution 100GEOS 28000 Introduction to Structural Geology 100GEOS 28100 Global Tectonics 100GEOS 28300 Principles of Stratigraphy 100GEOS 29700 Reading and Research in the Geophysical Sciences 100


Field Courses in Geophysical SciencesGEOS 29001 Field Course in Geology 100GEOS 29002 Field Course in Modern and Ancient Environments 100GEOS 29005 Field Course in Environmental Science 100

List 2: Support Courses for the Geophysical SciencesBiological Sciences*BIOS 20188 Fundamentals of Physiology 100BIOS 20189 Fundamentals of Developmental Biology 100BIOS 20196 Ecology and Conservation 100BIOS 20200 Introduction to Biochemistry 100BIOS 21208 Fundamentals of Molecular Biology 100BIOS 22243 Biomechanics of Organisms 100BIOS 22244 Introduction to Invertebrate Biology 100BIOS 22250 Chordates: Evolution and Comparative Anatomy 100BIOS 23262 Mammalian Evolutionary Biology 100BIOS 23289 Marine Ecology 100BIOS 23404 Reconstructing the Tree of Life: An Introduction to

Phylogenetics100

BIOS 23406 Biogeography 100BIOS 25206 Fundamentals of Bacterial Physiology 100Semester in Environmental Science/MBL

The following courses are the College designations for the Semester inEnvironmental Science that is taught at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL)in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Registration in BIOS 27710, BIOS 27711, andBIOS 27712, plus one of BIOS 27713, BIOS 27714, or BIOS 27715 is required.Admission to the Semester in Environmental Science program is by application,which must be received by the MBL generally in March of the year precedingthe start of the semester. (In 2015, applications will be accepted up to April 7.)Admissions decisions will generally be sent in April. Note that these coursesstart at the beginning of September, typically four weeks prior to the start of theCollege’s Autumn Quarter, and are completed by the end of Autumn Quarter.More information on the course content and the application process can be foundat college.uchicago.edu/academics/semester-environmental-science-ses . Studentsparticipating in the Semester in Environmental Science receive credit for fourcourses in environmental science, one of which can be used to substitute for BIOS20196 Ecology and Conservation.

BIOS 27710 Ecology – Marine Biological Laboratory 100BIOS 27711 Biogeochemical Analysis in Terrestrial and Aquatic

Ecosystems – Marine Biological Laboratory.100

BIOS 27712 Independent Undergraduate Research in EnvironmentalSciences – Marine Biological Laboratory

100


BIOS 27713 Quantitative Environmental Analyses – Marine BiologicalLaboratory

100

BIOS 27714 Methods in Microbial Ecology – Marine BiologicalLaboratory.

100

BIOS 27715 Roles of Animals in Ecosystems – Marine BiologicalLaboratory

100

* Excluding courses used to meet the general education requirement for thebiological sciences

ChemistryCHEM 20100-20200 Inorganic Chemistry I-II 200CHEM22000-22100-22200

Organic Chemistry I-II-III 300

CHEM23000-23100-23200

Honors Organic Chemistry I-II-III 300

CHEM26100-26200-26300

Quantum Mechanics; Thermodynamics; ChemicalKinetics and Dynamics

300

PhysicsPHYS 18500 Intermediate Mechanics 100PHYS 19700 Statistical and Thermal Physics 100PHYS 22500 Intermediate Electricity and Magnetism I 100PHYS 22700 Intermediate Electricity and Magnetism II 100PHYS 22600 Electronics 100

List 3: Support Courses for Mathematics and StatisticsGeophysical SciencesGEOS 25400 Introduction to Numerical Techniques for the Geophysical

Sciences100

MathematicsMATH 19620 Linear Algebra 100MATH 20000-20100 Mathematical Methods for Physical Sciences I-II 200MATH 20300 Analysis in Rn I 100MATH 20400 Analysis in Rn II 100MATH 20500 Analysis in Rn III 100MATH 21100 Basic Numerical Analysis 100MATH 27000 Basic Complex Variables 100MATH 27300 Basic Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations 100MATH 27500 Basic Theory of Partial Differential Equations 100MATH 38300 Numerical Solutions to Partial Differential Equations 100PhysicsPHYS 22000 Introduction to Mathematical Methods in Physics 100PHYS 22100 Mathematical Methods in Physics 100


StatisticsAny course in statistics at the 22000 level or higher. Some recommendationsfollow:STAT 22000 Statistical Methods and Applications * 100

or STAT 23400 Statistical Models and MethodsSTAT 22400 Applied Regression Analysis 100STAT 24400-24500 Statistical Theory and Methods I-II 200STAT 26100 Time Dependent Data 100ComputingCMSC12100-12200-12300

Computer Science with Applications I-II-III 300

CMSC 23710 Scientific Visualization 100CMSC 28510 Introduction to Scientific Computing 100CMSC 34200 Numerical Hydrodynamics 100

* AP credit for STAT 22000 does not count toward the major requirements.Students with AP credit for STAT 22000 should plan to take at least one othercourse from List 3 (BA program) or two other courses from List 3 (BS program).

GradingStudents majoring in geophysical sciences must receive quality grades in all

courses taken to meet requirements in the major.

HonorsThe BA or BS degree with honors is awarded to students who meet the following

requirements: (1) a GPA of 3.25 or higher in the major and of 3.0 or higher overall;(2) completion of a paper based on original research, supervised and approvedby a faculty member in geophysical sciences; (3) an oral presentation of the thesisresearch. All theses will be examined by the supervisor and a second reader fromthe faculty. Manuscript drafts will generally be due in the sixth week of the quarterin which the student will graduate (fifth week in Summer Quarter), and finalmanuscripts and oral presentations in the eighth week (seventh week in SummerQuarter).

Students are strongly encouraged to reach out to potential faculty supervisorsno later than their third year, since theses generally arise out of research projectsalready begun with faculty members. When a thesis topic is determined, studentsshould notify the undergraduate adviser of their intent to complete a thesis andconfirm their eligibility. GEOS 29700 Reading and Research in the GeophysicalSciences can be devoted to the preparation of the required paper; however, studentsusing this course to meet a requirement in the major must take it for a quality grade.

Students who wish to submit a single paper to meet the honors requirement ingeophysical sciences and the BA paper requirement in another major should discusstheir proposals with the undergraduate advisers from both programs no later thanthe end of third year. Certain requirements must be met. A consent form, to besigned by the undergraduate advisers, is available from the College adviser. It must


be completed and returned to the College adviser by the end of Autumn Quarter ofthe student’s year of graduation.

Sample BS ProgramsEach student will design an individual plan of course work, choosing from a

wide range of selections that take advantage of rich offerings from a variety ofsubdisciplines. The sample programs that appear below are merely for the purposeof illustration; many other variations would be possible. NOTE: Courses that meetgeneral education requirements and are required for the major are not listed.

Chemistry of Atmosphere and OceanCHEM26100-26200-26300


300

GEOS 23805 Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry 100GEOS 23900 Environmental Chemistry 100GEOS 24220 Climate Foundations 100GEOS 24230 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Foundations 100GEOS 24240 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Rotation and Stratification 100GEOS 24250 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Understanding the Motions


MATH 20000-20100 Mathematical Methods for Physical Sciences I-II 200Environmental GeochemistryBIOS 20188 Fundamentals of Physiology 100CHEM 26200-26300 Thermodynamics; Chemical Kinetics and Dynamics 200GEOS 21000 Introduction to Mineralogy 100GEOS 23800 Global Biogeochemical Cycles 100GEOS 23805 Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry 100GEOS 23900 Environmental Chemistry 100GEOS 28300 Principles of Stratigraphy 100MATH 21100 Basic Numerical Analysis 100STAT 23400 Statistical Models and Methods 100GeochemistryCHEM26100-26200-26300


300

GEOS 21000 Introduction to Mineralogy 100GEOS 21100 Introduction to Petrology 100GEOS 21200 Physics of the Earth 100GEOS 22200 Geochronology 100GEOS 23800 Global Biogeochemical Cycles 100GEOS 23900 Environmental Chemistry 100MATH 20000-20100 Mathematical Methods for Physical Sciences I-II 200


GeophysicsCMSC12100-12200-12300

Computer Science with Applications I-II-III 300

GEOS 21000 Introduction to Mineralogy 100GEOS 21100 Introduction to Petrology 100GEOS 21200 Physics of the Earth 100GEOS 21205 Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Near-

Surface Earth Seismicity100

GEOS 28100 Global Tectonics 100PHYS 18500 Intermediate Mechanics 100PHYS 22100 Mathematical Methods in Physics 100PaleontologyBIOS 22243 Biomechanics of Organisms 100BIOS 23289 Marine Ecology 100BIOS 23404 Reconstructing the Tree of Life: An Introduction to

Phylogenetics100

GEOS 21000 Introduction to Mineralogy 100GEOS 26300 Invertebrate Paleobiology and Evolution 100GEOS 26600 Geobiology 100GEOS 28000 Introduction to Structural Geology 100GEOS 28300 Principles of Stratigraphy 100STAT 22400 Applied Regression Analysis 100STAT 23400 Statistical Models and Methods 100Physics of ClimateGEOS 23800 Global Biogeochemical Cycles 100GEOS 23900 Environmental Chemistry 100GEOS 24220 Climate Foundations 100GEOS 24230 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Foundations 100GEOS 24240 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Rotation and Stratification 100GEOS 24250 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Understanding the Motions


MATH 20000-20100 Mathematical Methods for Physical Sciences I-II 200MATH 21100 Basic Numerical Analysis 100PHYS 18500 Intermediate Mechanics 100PHYS 19700 Statistical and Thermal Physics 100Structure/TectonicsGEOS 21000 Introduction to Mineralogy 100GEOS 21100 Introduction to Petrology 100GEOS 21200 Physics of the Earth 100


GEOS 21205 Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Near-Surface Earth Seismicity

100

GEOS 28000 Introduction to Structural Geology 100GEOS 28100 Global Tectonics 100MATH 20000 Mathematical Methods for Physical Sciences I 100PHYS 18500 Intermediate Mechanics 100PHYS 22500 Intermediate Electricity and Magnetism I 100STAT 23400 Statistical Models and Methods 100

Geophysical Sciences CoursesGEOS 13100. Physical Geology. 100 Units.This course introduces plate tectonics; the geologic cycle; and the internal andsurface processes that make minerals and rocks, as well as that shape the scenery.Topics include: planetary geophysics; evidence leading to the theory of platetectonics; natural hazards including earthquakes and volcanoes; economic geologyincluding energy resources, ores, and mineral resources; crustal deformation andmountain building; and surface processes (erosion, groundwater). Laboratoryexercises introduce identifying features of rocks and minerals, and interpretinggeological maps. Biweekly writing assignments explore topics in geology that aresupplemental to the lecture material. (L)Instructor(s): A. Campbell Terms Offered: Autumn

GEOS 13200. Earth History. 100 Units.This courses covers principles of historical inference in Earth science; the physical,chemical, and biological data that are used to reconstruct Earth history; and thegeographic, biotic, and environmental development of Earth. Weekly labs focuson observation and interpretation of sedimentary rocks and fossil assemblages inhand samples. A required one-day field trip introduces students to observation andinterpretation of sedimentary rocks at the outcrop scale. (L)Instructor(s): M. Foote Terms Offered: WinterPrerequisite(s): GEOS 13100

GEOS 13300. The Atmosphere. 100 Units.This course introduces the physics, chemistry, and phenomenology of theEarth’s atmosphere, with an emphasis on the fundamental science that underliesatmospheric behavior and climate. Topics include (1) atmospheric composition,evolution, and structure; (2) solar and terrestrial radiation in the atmospheric energybalance; (3) the role of water in determining atmospheric structure; and (4) windsystems, including the global circulation, and weather systems.Instructor(s): D. Abbot Terms Offered: SpringPrerequisite(s): MATH 13100-MATH 13200Equivalent Course(s): ENST 13300,ENSC 13300


GEOS 13400. Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast. 100 Units.This course presents the science behind the forecast of global warming to enablethe student to evaluate the likelihood and potential severity of anthropogenicclimate change in the coming centuries. It includes an overview of the physics of thegreenhouse effect, including comparisons with Venus and Mars; an overview of thecarbon cycle in its role as a global thermostat; predictions and reliability of climatemodel forecasts of the greenhouse world. (L)Instructor(s): D. Archer, D. MacAyeal Terms Offered: Autumn, SpringPrerequisite(s): Some knowledge of chemistry or physics helpful.Equivalent Course(s): PHSC 13400,ENST 12300,ENSC 13400

GEOS 13900. Biological Evolution. 100 Units.This course is an introduction to evolutionary processes and patterns in present-day organisms and in the fossil record and how they are shaped by biological andphysical forces. Topics emphasize evolutionary principles. They include DNA andthe genetic code, the genetics of populations, the origins of species, and evolutionabove the species level. We also discuss major events in the history of life, such asthe origin of complex cells, invasion of land, and mass extinction. (L)Instructor(s): D. Jablonski Terms Offered: AutumnPrerequisite(s): Students using this course as part of the general educationrequirement register for GEOS 13900 or BIOS 13123; prerequisite BIOS 10130. NoBiological Sciences majors except by petition to the BSCD Senior Advisers. Studentsusing it for credit in the GEOS or ENSC major register for GEOS 27300; additionalwork, including a term paper, will be required.Equivalent Course(s): BIOS 13123,GEOS 27300

GEOS 21000. Introduction to Mineralogy. 100 Units.This course covers structure, chemical composition, stability, and occurrence ofmajor rock-forming minerals. Labs concentrate on mineral identification with theoptical microscope. (L)Instructor(s): L. Grossman Terms Offered: AutumnPrerequisite(s): CHEM 11100-11200-11300 or equivalent

GEOS 21005. Mineral Science. 100 Units.This course examines the relationship between the structure of minerals, theirchemistry, and their physical properties. Topics include crystallography, defectproperties, phase transitions, and analytical tools, followed by detailed study ofspecific mineral groups.Instructor(s): A. Campbell Terms Offered: WinterPrerequisite(s): GEOS 21000 or consent of instructor.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 31005


GEOS 21100. Introduction to Petrology. 100 Units.Students in this course learn how to interpret observable geological associations,structures, textures, and mineralogical and chemical compositions of rocks soas to develop concepts of how they form and evolve. Our theme is the origin ofgranitic continental crust on the only planet known to have oceans and life. Igneous,sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks; ores; and waste disposal sites are reviewed.(L)Instructor(s): N. Dauphas Terms Offered: SpringPrerequisite(s): GEOS 21000

GEOS 21200. Physics of the Earth. 100 Units.This course considers geophysical evidence bearing on the internal makeup anddynamical behavior of the Earth, including seismology (i.e., properties of elasticwaves and their interpretation, and internal structure of the Earth); mechanicsof rock deformation (i.e., elastic properties, creep and flow of rocks, faulting,earthquakes); gravity (i.e., geoid, isostasy); geomagnetism (i.e., magnetic propertiesof rocks and history, origin of the magnetic field); heat flow (i.e., temperature withinthe Earth, sources of heat, thermal history of the Earth); and plate tectonics and themaintenance of plate motions. (L)Instructor(s): A. Campbell, D. Heinz Terms Offered: SpringPrerequisite(s): Prior calculus and college-level physics courses, or consent ofinstructor.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 31200

GEOS 21205. Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Near-Surface EarthSeismicity. 100 Units.This course introduces the mechanics and phenomenology of elastic waves in theEarth and in the fluids near the Earth’s surface (e.g., S and P waves in the solidearth, acoustic waves in the ocean and atmosphere). Topics include stress andstrain, constitutive equations, elasticity, seismic waves, acoustic waves, theory ofrefraction/reflection, surface waves, dispersion, and normal modes of the Earth.Phenomenology addressed includes exploration geophysics (refraction/reflectionseismology), earthquakes and earthquake source characterization, seismograms assignals, seismometers and seismological networks, and digital seismogram analysis.Instructor(s): D. MacAyeal Terms Offered: WinterEquivalent Course(s): GEOS 31205

GEOS 21400. Thermodynamics and Phase Change. 100 Units.This course develops the mathematical structure of thermodynamics with emphasison relations between thermodynamic variables and equations of state. Theseconcepts are then applied to homogeneous and heterogeneous phase equilibrium,culminating in the construction of representative binary and ternary phase diagramsof petrological significance.Instructor(s): A. Campbell Terms Offered: SpringPrerequisite(s): MATH 20000-20100-20200 and college-level chemistry and calculus,or consent of instructor.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 31400


GEOS 22040. Formation of Planetary Systems in Our Galaxy: From Dust toPlanetesimals. 100 Units.This course examines the physical and chemical processes that operate during theearliest stages of planet formation when dust in a protoplanetary disk aggregatesinto bodies 1 to 10 km in size. Topics include the physical and chemical evolution ofprotoplanetary disks, radial transport of dust particles, transient heating events, andthe formation of planetesimals. We discuss the evidence of these processes foundin meteorites and observed in disks around young stars. Chemical and physicalmodels of dust evolution are introduced, including an overview of basic numericalmodeling techniques.Instructor(s): F. Ciesla Terms Offered: Not offered 2015-2016Prerequisite(s): One year of college-level calculus and physics or chemistry, orconsent of instructor.Note(s): This course is offered in alternate years.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 32040

GEOS 22050. Formation of Planetary Systems in our Galaxy: From Planetesimalsto Planets. 100 Units.This course explores the stage of planet formation during which 1 to 10 kmplanetesimals accrete to form planets. Topics include heating of planetesimals,models of giant planet formation, the delivery of water to terrestrial planets, andthe impact that stellar mass and external environment have on planet formation.We also discuss what processes determine the properties (mass, composition, andorbital parameters) of a planet and its potential for habitability. Basic modelingtechniques and current research papers in peer-reviewed journals are alsodiscussed.Instructor(s): F. Ciesla Terms Offered: Not offered 2015-2016Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructorNote(s): This course is offered in alternate years.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 32050

GEOS 22060. What Makes a Planet Habitable? 100 Units.This course explores the factors that determine how habitable planets form andevolve. We will discuss a range of topics, from the formation of planets around starsand the delivery of water, to the formation of atmospheres, climate dynamics, andthe conditions that allow for the development of life and the evolution of complexlife. Students will be responsible for reading and discussing papers in peer-reviewedjournals each meeting and for periodically preparing presentations and leading thediscussion.Instructor(s): E. Kite Terms Offered: WinterEquivalent Course(s): GEOS 32060,ASTR 45900


GEOS 22200. Geochronology. 100 Units.This course covers the duration of planetary differentiation and the age of the Earth(i.e., extinct and extant chronometers); timescales for building a habitable planet(i.e., the late heavy bombardment, the origin of the atmosphere, the emergence oflife, and continent extraction); dating mountains (i.e., absolute ages, exposure ages,and thermochronology); the climate record (i.e., dating layers in sediments and icecores); and dating recent artifacts (e.g., the Shroud of Turin).Instructor(s): N. Dauphas Terms Offered: AutumnPrerequisite(s): Background in college-level geology, physics, and mathematics.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 32200

GEOS 23205. Introductory Glaciology. 100 Units.The fundamentals of glacier and ice-sheet dynamics and phenomenology willbe covered in this introductory course (snow and sea ice will be excluded fromthis course, however may be taken up in the future). Emphasis will be placed ondeveloping the foundation of continuum mechanics and viscous fluid flow as ameans of developing the basic equations of glacier deformation, ice-sheet and -shelfflow, basal processes, glacier hydrology, and unstable modes of flow. This courseis intended for advanced undergraduate students in physics, math, geophysicalsciences and related fields as well as graduate students considering research inglaciology and climate dynamics. (L)Instructor(s): D. MacAyeal Terms Offered: Not offered 2015-2016Prerequisite(s): Knowledge of vector calculus, linear algebra, and computerprogramming.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 33205

GEOS 23400. Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast. 100 Units.This course presents the science behind the forecast of global warming to enablethe student to evaluate the likelihood and potential severity of anthropogenicclimate change in the coming centuries. It includes an overview of the physics of thegreenhouse effect, including comparisons with Venus and Mars; an overview of thecarbon cycle in its role as a global thermostat; predictions and reliability of climatemodel forecasts of the greenhouse world. Lectures are shared with PHSC 13400, butstudents enrolled in GEOS 23400 are required to write an individual research termpaper. (L)Instructor(s): D. Archer Terms Offered: SpringPrerequisite(s): Consent of instructor required.Note(s): Some knowledge of chemistry or physics helpful.Equivalent Course(s): ENSC 25200


GEOS 23800. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 100 Units.This survey course covers the geochemistry of the surface of the Earth, focusingon biological and geological processes that shape the distributions of chemicalspecies in the atmosphere, oceans, and terrestrial habitats. Budgets and cyclesof carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur are discussed, as well aschemical fundamentals of metabolism, weathering, acid-base and dissolutionequilibria, and isotopic fractionation. The course examines the central role that lifeplays in maintaining the chemical disequilibria that characterize Earth’s surfaceenvironments. The course also explores biogeochemical cycles change (or resistchange) over time, as well as the relationships between geochemistry, biological(including human) activity, and Earth’s climate.Instructor(s): J. WaldbauerPrerequisite(s): CHEM 11100-11200 or consent of instructorEquivalent Course(s): GEOS 33800,ENSC 23800

GEOS 23805. Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry. 100 Units.Stable isotopes of H, C, O, N, and S are valuable tools for understanding thebiological and geochemical processes that have shaped the composition of Earth’satmosphere and oceans throughout our planet’s history. This course examines basicthermodynamic and kinetic theory to describe the behavior of isotopes in chemicaland biological systems. We then examine the stable isotope systematics of localizedenvironmental processes, and see how local processes contribute to global isotopicsignals that are preserved in ice, sediment, rock, and fossils. Special emphasis isplaced on the global carbon cycle, the history of atmospheric oxygen levels, andpaleoclimate.Instructor(s): A. Colman Terms Offered: WinterPrerequisite(s): CHEM 11100-11200-11300 or equivalent; 13100-13200-13300 orconsent of instructorEquivalent Course(s): GEOS 33805,ENSC 23805

GEOS 23900. Environmental Chemistry. 100 Units.The focus of this course is the fundamental science underlying issues of local andregional scale pollution. In particular, the lifetimes of important pollutants in the air,water, and soils are examined by considering the roles played by photochemistry,surface chemistry, biological processes, and dispersal into the surroundingenvironment. Specific topics include urban air quality, water quality, long-livedorganic toxins, heavy metals, and indoor air pollution. Control measures are alsoconsidered. (L)Instructor(s): A. Colman, D. Archer Terms Offered: AutumnPrerequisite(s): CHEM 11101-11201 or equivalent, and prior calculus courseEquivalent Course(s): ENST 23900,GEOS 33900,ENSC 23900


GEOS 24220. Climate Foundations. 100 Units.This course introduces the basic physics governing the climate of planets, theEarth in particular but with some consideration of other planets. Topics includeatmospheric thermodynamics of wet and dry atmospheres, the hydrological cycle,blackbody radiation, molecular absorption in the atmosphere, the basic principlesof radiation balance, and diurnal and seasonal cycles. Students solve problems ofincreasing complexity, moving from pencil-and-paper problems to programmingexercises, to determine surface and atmospheric temperatures and how they evolve.An introduction to scientific programming is provided, but the fluid dynamics ofplanetary flows is not covered. (L)Instructor(s): E. Moyer Terms Offered: AutumnPrerequisite(s): Prior physics course (preferably PHYS 13300 and 14300) andknowledge of calculus required; prior geophysical sciences course not required.Note(s): Prior programming experience helpful but not required.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 34220

GEOS 24230. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Foundations. 100 Units.This course is for incoming graduate students in physical sciences intending totake further courses in geophysical fluid dynamics, fluid dynamics, condensedmatter physics, and other areas requiring this fundamental skill set. It sets thestage for follow-on courses that present the detail of the behavior of fluids andcontinuums in geophysical, physical, chemical, and other settings. The materialmay be a student’s first contact with continuum mechanics or a remedial orreview for students who have previously taken similar courses. Topics includedescription of material properties in a continuum, including displacement, velocity,and strain rate; scalar, vector, and tensor properties of continuums, strain, strainrate, and stress; derivations and understanding of mass, momentum, and energyconservation principles in a continuum; applications of conservation principles tosimple rheological idealizations, including ideal fluids and potential flow, viscousfluids and Navier-Stokes flow, elasticity and deformation; introductory asymptoticanalysis, Reynolds number; heat transfer by conduction and convection, convectiveinstability, Rayleigh number; fluids in gravitational fields, stratification, buoyancy;elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic partial differential equations, typical propertiesof each. Weekly problem sets emphasize simple, well-known treatments of fluidmechanics phenomena. Students conduct weekly homework assignments andproduce a term paper/term project.Instructor(s): D. MacAyealPrerequisite(s): Vector calculus, linear algebra, advanced classical mechanics,basic knowledge of computing. Undergrads who take this course should intend tocomplete a second fluid-dynamics course in Geophysical Sciences.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 34230


GEOS 24240. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Rotation and Stratification. 100 Units.This course is an introduction to geophysical fluid dynamics for upper-levelundergraduates and starting graduate students. The topics covered will be theequations of motion, the effects of rotation and stratification, shallow watersystems and isentropic coordinates, vorticity and potential vorticity, and simplifiedequations for the ocean and atmosphere.Instructor(s): D. Abbot Terms Offered: WinterPrerequisite(s): PQ: GEOS 24230 or equivalent; Knowledge of mechanics (PHYS13100 or equivalent), thermodynamics (PHYS 19700 or equivalent), vector calculusand linear algebra (MATH 20000-20100-20200 or equivalent)Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 34240

GEOS 24250. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Understanding the Motions of theAtmosphere and Oceans. 100 Units.This course is part of the atmospheres and oceans sequence (GEOS 24220, 24230,24240, 24250) and is expected to follow Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Rotationand Stratification (GEOS 24240). The course demonstrates how the fundamentalprinciples of geophysical fluid dynamics are manifested in the large-scale circulationof the atmosphere and oceans and their laboratory analogs. Topics include: balanceof forces and the observed structure of the atmospheric and oceanic circulations,statistical description of the spatially and temporally varying circulation, theoryof Hadley circulation, waves in the atmosphere and oceans, baroclinic instability,wind-driven ocean circulation.Instructor(s): N. Nakamura Terms Offered: SpringPrerequisite(s): GEOS 24230 and 24240, or consent of the instructor. Knowledge ofvector calculus, linear algebra, and ordinary differential equations is assumed.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 34250

GEOS 24705. Energy: Science, Technology, and Human Usage. 100 Units.This course covers the technologies by which humans appropriate energy forindustrial and societal use, from steam turbines to internal combustion engines tophotovoltaics. We also discuss the physics and economics of the resulting humanenergy system: fuel sources and relationship to energy flows in the Earth system;and modeling and simulation of energy production and use. Our goal is to providea technical foundation for students interested in careers in the energy industry or inenergy policy. Field trips required to major energy converters (e.g., coal-fired andnuclear power plants, oil refinery, biogas digester) and users (e.g., steel, fertilizerproduction).Instructor(s): E. Moyer Terms Offered: SpringPrerequisite(s): Knowledge of physics or consent of instructorEquivalent Course(s): ENST 24705,GEOS 34705,ENSC 21100


GEOS 25400. Introduction to Numerical Techniques for the Geophysical Sciences.100 Units.This class provides an introduction to different types of numerical techniques usedin developing models used in geophysical science research. Topics will include howto interpolate and extrapolate functions, develop functional fits to data, integratea function, or solve partial differential equations. Students are expected to havesome familiarity with computers and programming—programming methods willnot be discussed in detail. While techniques will be the focus of the class, we willalso discuss the planning needed in developing a model as well as the limitationsinherent in such models.Instructor(s): F. Ciesla Terms Offered: WinterPrerequisite(s): Familiarity with a computer programming language such as C,Fortran, or IDL, or a mathematical computing environment like Mathematicaor Matlab. Spreadsheets such as Excel or Numbers can also be used for manyproblems.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 35400

GEOS 26300. Invertebrate Paleobiology and Evolution. 100 Units.This course provides a detailed overview of the morphology, paleobiology,evolutionary history, and practical uses of the invertebrate and microfossil groupscommonly found in the fossil record. Emphasis is placed on understanding keyanatomical and ecological innovations within each group and interactions amonggroups responsible for producing the observed changes in diversity, dominance, andecological community structure through evolutionary time. Labs supplement lecturematerial with specimen-based and practical application sections. An optional fieldtrip offers experience in the collection of specimens and raw paleontological data.Several "Hot Topics" lectures introduce important, exciting, and often controversialaspects of current paleontological research linked to particular invertebrate groups.(L)Instructor(s): M. Webster Terms Offered: AutumnPrerequisite(s): GEOS 13100 and 13200, or equivalent. For BIOS students:Completion of the first three quarters of a Biological Sciences FundamentalsSequence.Equivalent Course(s): BIOS 23261,EVOL 32400,GEOS 36300

GEOS 26600. Geobiology. 100 Units.Geobiology seeks to elucidate the interactions between life and its environmentsthat have shaped the coevolution of the Earth and the biosphere. The coursewill explore the ways in which biological processes affect the environment andhow the evolutionary trajectories of organisms have in turn been influenced byenvironmental change. In order to reconstruct the history of these processes, wewill examine the imprints they leave on both the rock record and on the genomicmakeup of living organisms. The metabolism and evolution of microorganisms, andthe biogeochemistry they drive, will be a major emphasis.Instructor(s): M. Coleman, J. Waldbauer Terms Offered: Not offered 2015-2016Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100-13200-13300 or college-level cell & molecular biologyEquivalent Course(s): GEOS 36600,ENSC 24000


GEOS 26650. Environmental Microbiology. 100 Units.The objective of this course is to understand how microorganisms alter thegeochemistry of their environment. The course will cover fundamental principles ofmicrobial growth, metabolism, genetics, diversity, and ecology, as well as methodsused to study microbial communities and activities. It will emphasize microbialroles in elemental cycling, bioremediation, climate, and ecosystem health in avariety of environments including aquatic, soil, sediment, and engineered systems.Instructor(s): M. Coleman Terms Offered: AutumnPrerequisite(s): CHEM 11100-11200 and BIOS 20186 or BIOS 20197 or BIOS 20198Equivalent Course(s): ENSC 24500

GEOS 27300. Biological Evolution. 100 Units.This course is an introduction to evolutionary processes and patterns in present-day organisms and in the fossil record and how they are shaped by biological andphysical forces. Topics emphasize evolutionary principles. They include DNA andthe genetic code, the genetics of populations, the origins of species, and evolutionabove the species level. We also discuss major events in the history of life, such asthe origin of complex cells, invasion of land, and mass extinction. (L)Instructor(s): D. Jablonski Terms Offered: AutumnPrerequisite(s): Students using this course as part of the general educationrequirement register for GEOS 13900 or BIOS 13123; prerequisite BIOS 10130. NoBiological Sciences majors except by petition to the BSCD Senior Advisers. Studentsusing it for credit in the GEOS or ENSC major register for GEOS 27300; additionalwork, including a term paper, will be required.Equivalent Course(s): BIOS 13123,GEOS 13900

GEOS 28000. Introduction to Structural Geology. 100 Units.This course explores the deformation of the Earth materials primarily as observed inthe crust. We emphasize stress and strain and their relationship to incremental andfinite deformation in crustal rocks, as well as techniques for inferring paleostressand strain in deformed crustal rocks. We also look at mesoscale to macroscalestructures and basic techniques of field geology in deformed regions.Instructor(s): D. Rowley Terms Offered: WinterPrerequisite(s): GEOS 13100Note(s): This course is offered in alternate years.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 38000

GEOS 28100. Global Tectonics. 100 Units.This course reviews the spatial and temporal development of tectonic and platetectonic activity of the globe. We focus on the style of activity at compressive,extensional, and shear margins, as well as on the types of basin evolution associatedwith each. (L)Instructor(s): D. Rowley Terms Offered: WinterPrerequisite(s): GEOS 13100 or consent of instructorNote(s): This course is offered in alternate years.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 38100


GEOS 28300. Principles of Stratigraphy. 100 Units.This course introduces principles and methods of stratigraphy. Topics includefacies analysis, physical and biostratigraphic correlation, and development andcalibration of the geologic time scale. We also discuss controversies concerningthe completeness of the stratigraphic record; origin of sedimentary cycles; andinteractions between global sea level, tectonics, and sediment supply. (L)Instructor(s): S. Kidwell Terms Offered: Not offered 2015-2016Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100-13200 or equivalent required; GEOS 23500 and/or 28200recommendedNote(s): This course is offered in alternate years.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 38300

GEOS 29001. Field Course in Geology. 100 Units.Students in this course visit classic locations to examine a wide variety of geologicalenvironments and processes, including active tectonics, ancient and modernsedimentary environments, and geomorphology.Terms Offered: not offered in 2015-2016Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100-13200 and consent of instructorNote(s): Interested students should contact the departmental counselor.

GEOS 29002. Field Course in Modern and Ancient Environments. 100 Units.This course uses weekly seminars during Winter Quarter to prepare for a one-weekfield trip over spring break, where students acquire experience with sedimentaryrocks and the modern processes responsible for them. Destinations vary; pasttrips have examined tropical carbonate systems of Jamaica and the Bahamas andsubtropical coastal Gulf of California. We usually consider biological, as well asphysical, processes of sediment production, dispersal, accumulation, and post-depositional modification.Instructor(s): S. Kidwell, M. LaBarbera Terms Offered: WinterNote(s): Organizational meeting and deposit usually required in Autumn Quarter;interested students should contact an instructor in advance.Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 39002,ENSC 29002

GEOS 29005. Field Course in Environmental Science. 100 Units.No description available.Terms Offered: not offered 2015-2016Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructorNote(s): Interested students should contact the departmental counselor.Equivalent Course(s): ENSC 29005


GEOS 29700. Reading and Research in the Geophysical Sciences. 100 Units.No description available.Terms Offered: Summer, Autumn, Winter, SpringPrerequisite(s): Consent of instructor and departmental counselorNote(s): Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research CourseForm. Available to nonmajors for P/F grading. Must be taken for a quality gradewhen used to meet a requirement in the major.

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