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ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES: WEST VIRGINIA CLEAN STATE PROGRAM

W.Va. Division of Energy

W.Va. Clean State Program

Kelly A. Braggkelly.a.bragg@wv.gov

2016 Planning ConferenceWVDOT/ MPO/FHWASept. 21, 2016

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Clean Cities

• Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct)

• Provides a framework for businesses and government agencies to work together

• Clean Cities activities are implemented by a national network of nearly 100 Clean Cities coalitions.

• Major milestone: In 2013, coalitions and stakeholders reduced U.S. petroleum consumption by 1 billion gallons in a single year

• Ahead of schedule on goal: Reduce U.S. petroleum use by 2.5 billion gallons per year

Clean Cities Mission To advance the energy, economic, and environmental security of the U.S.

by supporting local decisions to reduce petroleum use in transportation.

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W.Va. Clean State Program

Description of Area: State of West Virginia

When was coalition formed? Oct. 19, 1994;

re-designated in 1999, 2005, 2012 and 2016

Coalition Structure

• Host agency is W.Va. Division of Energy, the state energy office

• Activities set by WVDOE director

• 60 stakeholders

• Coalition funded through U.S. Department of Energy

• In 2015, stakeholders reduced 536,827 gasoline gallon equivalents through

electric vehicle use, reducing idling, and the use of alternative fuels

(biodiesel, CNG and propane)

www.energywv.org/cleanstateprogram

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21,797: biodiesel, CNG, electric, ethanol, hydrogen, LNG, propane

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WV: 3 CNG, 31 electric, 7 ethanol, 15 propane

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NEW ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLES REGISTERED IN WEST VIRGINIA

MONTH HYBRID ELECTRIC PHEV

FLEX

FUEL CNG

ETHANOL

ONLY LPG

Aug-16 221 9 7 3114 2 3 0

Jul-16 165 4 6 2541 1 6 0

Jun-16 165 4 3 2526 0 2 0

May-16 106 4 7 1810 2 2 0

Apr-16 157 1 3 3139 3 2 0

Mar-16 170 1 7 3001 1 3 0

As of 2/29/2016 8328 89 243 138678 81 215 8

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WVDOE project: Biofuel Infrastructure Partnership

• 107 blender pumps

• 22 locations in WV

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Basics: Electric drive vehicles and charging

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)• Powered by an engine and

electric motor• Does not use electric vehicle

supply equipment (EVSE) to charge the battery

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

• Powered by an electric motor and engine

• Uses EVSE to charge the battery

All-Electric Vehicle (EV)• Powered by an electric motor• Uses EVSE to charge the battery

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Uses: Charging at Home and in Public

Images: NREL Image Gallery #18723 and #18870

Charging at Home• Most charge vehicles overnight at home using a Level

1 outlet or installed Level 2 EVSE

• Installation requires permitting and licensed contractors

Charging in Public• Increases vehicle range, especially for consumers who

live in high-density urban areas

• Ideal public charging locations include:

• Workplaces or office buildings

• Shopping centers

• City parking lots

• Airports

• Hotels

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MD=422, VA=315, PA=283, OH=211, KY=56, WV=31

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New EV registrations by month in WV

3/1/2016 4/1/2016 5/1/2016 6/1/2016 7/1/2016 8/1/2016

Sum of HYBRID 170 157 106 165 165 221

Sum of ELECTRIC 1 1 4 4 4 9

Sum of PHEV 7 3 7 3 6 7

0

50

100

150

200

250

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WVDOE EVSE projects

ShepherdUniversity

In conjunction with the W.Va. Division of Energy

(WVDOE), the W.Va. Division of Natural Resources

Parks and Recreation Section; hereinafter “PARKS”

is offering a grant program to qualified state park

lodges; hereinafter “LODGES” (LODGES include:

Blackwater Falls Lodge, Cacapon Lodge, Canaan

Valley Lodge, Chief Logan Lodge, Hawks Nest

Lodge, North Bend Lodge, Pipestem McKeever

Lodge, Pipestem Mountain Creek Lodge, Twin Falls

Lodge and Tygart Lake Lodge) to install electric

vehicles supply equipment (EVSE) for use by guests,

the public and the PARKS community.

WV Division ofNatural Resources

The Institute of Environment and Physical

Science Sustainability Site is equipped

with three new 6.6 kW cloud connected

Schneider EVLink electric vehicle (EV)

charging units. These level 2 charging

units were made possible in part by

generous support from Schneider

Electric, who donated one of the units,

and a grant from the West Virginia

Division of Energy.

Market Update

PEV Market Trends, Smart Charging, and Renewables 13

•Transportation is largest GHG emissions sector

• Generation in the power sector is getting cleaner as transportation emissions increase

• Vehicle emissions and fuel economy standards will help improve emissions, as will new AFV technologies and fuels

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EVs and emissions

2012 Union of Concerned Scientists “State of Charge” and 2015 “Cleaner Cars From Cradle to

Grave”

• 2012 study was well-to-wheels, not production of vehicle or battery; GHG, not criteria air pollutants

• Converted electric grid mix to equivalent MPG

• Completely powered by coal still results in 20 MPG for average EV efficiency

• Study updated in 2015 to include manufacturing + use + disposal/recycling

• Battery manufacturing adds emissions

• http://www.ucsusa.org/clean-vehicles/electric-vehicles/life-cycle-ev-emissions#.V9f8mFsrLcs

Carnegie Mellon

• Effects of Regional Temperature on Electric Vehicle Efficiency, Range, and Emissions

• http://www.greencarcongress.com/2016/04/20160409-michalek.html

Argonne National Laboratory

• Emissions reductions as electricity mix moves to renewable energy, biomass, CCS

• http://www.anl.gov/energy-systems/publication/well-wheels-analysis-energy-use-and-greenhouse-gas-

emissions-plug-hybrid

GREET (Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation)

• Also addresses other pollutants

• https://greet.es.anl.gov/index.php

AFLEET (Alternative Fuel Life-Cycle Environmental and Economic Transportation)

• Tailpipe only

• https://greet.es.anl.gov/afleet

www.fueleconomy.gov Beyond Tailpipe Emissions

• Electric mix + use (not emissions from vehicle or battery production or impacts of time of day of charging)

Market Update

PEV Market Trends, Smart Charging, and Renewables 15

•Automaker Investments in New EV Models are Growing

• Investments in battery production and economies of scale are rapidly reducing EV battery prices, making EVs less expensive

• Automakers from around the world areinvesting in new models that willexpand consumer choice

Projected Costs and Demand for EV Batteries

CurrentU.S.Models 27

Current(100+vehiclessold) 17BEVsw/200+milerange 2Company Commitment Year

Chevy Low-CostLong-RangeBEV 2016

Tesla Low-CostLong-RangeBEV 2017Nissan Low-CostLong-RangeBEV 2018Jaguar,Porsche,BMW

LuxuryBEVs 2018,2019,2021

Ford Low-CostLong-RangeBEV 2019Volvo BEVandseveralPHEVs 2019

Daimler FourBEVs,firstMercedesin2020

2020+

Hyundai Low-CostLong-RangeBEV 2020Ford 13ElectrifiedVehicles 2020VW 30BEVsandPHEVs,first

BEVin20182025

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http://energy.gov/eere/vehicles/transportation-fact-week

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Future for EVs

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WV Electric Auto Association: www.wveaa.org

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No AFV? Drive smarter!

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www.energywv.org/cleanstateprogram

Kelly A. Bragg

Tiffany Bailey

(304) 957-2004 kelly.a.bragg@wv.gov

(304) 957-2050 tiffany.j.bailey@wv.gov

Thank you