An overview of activities in Bihar and EUP

R.K. Malik, Ajay Kumar, Shahnawaz Dar, and Andrew McDonald

CSISA Project

Bihar Hub Districts and link with EUPH

EUPH Hub Districts

Production System

Rice Wheat Maize Rice Wheat Maize0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

t/ha

Bihar EUPH

Potential yield of rice- wheat cropping system can be as high as

16.0 tones/ha

Hub Domain • Population -- 25 Million • Total No of Household -- 4 Million • Total Sown Area -- 1.4 Million

ha• Total Cropped Area -- 1.9 Million ha • Irrigated Area -- 1.1 Million ha

PartnersEUPH

• Service providers ZT – 136 LLL- 8 MTUPR- 9 KVKs – 7 DOA- 3 SAU- 1 Dealers Private sector Monsanto, BCS Syngenta, UPL, NFL. NGOs - 2

CBH• Service providers

ZT – 588- game changes

LLL- 7 MTUPR- 3 KVKs – 5 DOA- 6- add value, bigger audience

SAU- 2 ICAR, Patna IARI, Pusa Dealers Private sector Monsanto, BCS, Syngenta, UPL, NFL. NGOs - 4

Challenges

•Stagnant growth•Decline in profits•Cycles of late planting •Water and mechanization holds the balance.• Labour cost advantage disappearing.•Vacuum between extension agencies and farmers and between research and extension•Realignment of districts

Value Creation • Direction -priority setting which is based on farmers

need and culture of implementation.• Innovation - Working with farmers, service providers,

private entrepreneurs, women groups and NGOs e.g. crop intensification, diversification, machine modification etc

• Speed- Cultivate good relations with DOAs. Facilitated purchase of machine, training of service providers, network of service providers.

• Sustainability- Capacity building, ownership to local players like DOAs, KVKs, SAUs, ICAR.

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES- FOLLOW UP

• Add practices designed to boost growth and development of cereal systems.

• Late sowings make the crops ( and CA) uncompetitive and less inputs further exhaust them and make them more uncompetitive.

• Impact assessment need to concentrate on DOS, Hybrids, other component technologies and intercropping.

• Water saving- core issue is DSR but MTUPR is also highly valued by farmers.

• Community nursery or one-to-many concept.• It is important to understand each other needs- farmers need

for high yields and scientists need for resource conservation as well

Opportunities

• DSR in lowland ecologies• MTUPR in upland ecologies.• MTU-7029, Swarna sub-1, Rajendra Mahsoori, Rajshree for

lowland, long duration hybrids.• Short duration varieties/hybrids, Sahbhagi dhan for upland

irrigated/rainfed and for crop intensification.• Replacement of long duration varieties with hybrids for

system productivity.• Timely seeding and transplanting.• Community nursery

Opportunities

• Early wheat seeding- Long duration varieties i.e. PBW-343, 502, HD-2733, HD-2824 and Baaz

• Long duration• ZT Wheat• Maize Hybrids- Bed planting, Intercropping, weed

management in cropping system.• ZT in pulses• Crop intensification• SSNM

Levels of activity and decisions in the scaling-out stage

Technical options testing phase Nutrient Expert with date of sowing New herbicides for complex weed flora New hybrids for intensification Intercropping options Support studies: Demonstrations and adaptive research ( interface with BISA and Research platform and SAUs quantitative on-farm trials, on-farm demonstrations)

Scaling up Scaling up -service providers, grass root extension workers Scale of intervention through partners especially DAOs Joint Demos Adoption of best management practices All above under the platform of CA and best management practices

Learning culture Support groups for information sharing Knowledge and information sharing among partners Feedback into research process- Partners

Technology promotion Through capacity building CA and technical interventions thorough seed and inputs Dissemination materials and approach-videos

Reach a conclusion Empowerment and social change Data management – yield gains, profits, employment, number of farmers, benefits to environment, expansion in to other sectors like fodder quality, participatory variety selection and intercropping options

Community organizations Capacity building and networking Field days Travel seminarsSHGs and NGOsCommunity nursery

MTU-7029 Hybrids

Technical intervention Target districts Benefits

Machine transplanted rice into non-puddled soil

All districts Cost effective and improves productivity.

Directly-sown rice Lowland ecologies in all districts

Saves water and labour.

Use of herbicide mixtures for weed control integrated with cultural techniques such as stale beds

All districts Reduces yield losses and depletes weed seed bank.

Hybrids All districts Generates 10 – 15% yield advantage.

Priority Setting in Rice

Technical intervention Target districts Benefits

Timely sowing All areas where field drainage is not a constraint

Yield increase of 10 – 50% over prevailing farmer practices.

Zero tillage All districts Substantial savings in land preparation and also, in cases, irrigation costs. Significant yield advantages, especially when early sowing is facilitated.

Long duration and high yielding varieties

All districts with more emphasis in Maharaj ganj, Sidharath nagar, Gorakhpur and Kushinagar districts

Substantial yield advantages when couple with earlier planting (ca. 10%)

Modern weed management All districts Yield enhancement, less weed seed bank, and weed flora will change from complex weed flora to simple weed flora.

Better-bet irrigation All districts Will increase the grain yield of wheat by 15 – 20% in many years.

Priority Setting in Wheat

Technical intervention Target districts Benefits

Laser land levelling All districts Saves irrigation water and costs; increases yield and fertilizer use efficiencies.

Intensification through triple cropping and inter-cropping

Maharjganj, Sidharth nagar in EUPH and Begusarai, Samastipur and Vaisalli in CBH

300% cropping intensity is possible where irrigation permits.

Bed planting Basti, Deoria, Kushinagar, East Champaran, in EUPH and Begusarai, Samastipur , Lakhisarai, Vaisalli in Bihar

Resource use efficiency and income enhancement..

Site-specific nutrient management All districts Can result in 15 – 25% yield increase over FP and state recommendations

Zero tillage lentil Mokana tall areas, Nawada in CBH and East/West Champaran in EUPH

Permits cropping in previously fallow areas.

Priority Setting in Cropping System

Strategy

Interventions

Targets

Gains Area%

1. Laser Land Levelling Water 05

2. Early Transplanting –MTUPR/ community nursery Yield 05

3. Power tillers based ZT machines Yield 05

4. Conventional Till Direct seeded Rice (CTDSR) Water 02

5. Hybrid rice with less N-use Profits 15

6. Area expansion in Kharif and spring maize Water 02

7. Intercropping with Rabi Maize, summer moong and ZT soybean Profits 10

8. Yield premium -Early wheat sowings Yield 15

9. Zero tillage wheat and lentil-ResiduesSustainability 10

10. Yield premium-Long duration wheat varieties Yield 25

TEN POINT PROGRAM (TPP)

FIVE POINT PROGRAM- CAPACITY BUILDING ( FPP-CP)

Interventions• Women farmers in agriculture

• Augment employability of skilled workers with service providers

• Capacity building- TOT, PG students, Interns

• Training of farmers-training camps, travel seminars

• Ecosystem for entrepreneurships-Tools and machinery, seeds and inputs

Let’s close the yield gaps

THANKS

Direct seeded rice (DSR), Machine transplanted unpuddled rice (MTUPR) and puddled transplanted rice (PTR)

BPT-5204 MTU-7029 Sarju-520

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8

9

Performance of 3 popular varieties under DSR, MTUPR and PTR - 2011

DSR MTUPR PTR

Padd

y yi

eld(

t/ha

)

Pooled analysis (2010 & 2011)

Establishment method

Paddy Yieldt/ha

No. of Demos. Std. Deviation

DSR5.322 563 .8325

MTUPR6.776 145 1.2101

PTR5.162 43 .6128

Average5.594 751 1.0760

Performance of hybrids and varieties in MTUPR and DSR in EUP

Prima(8

)

Arize 6

444(10)

Other

Hybrid

s(3)

Arize 6

129(13)

MTU-7029(59)

Swarn

a Sub-1(13)

BPT-5204(69)

Rajender

Mahsu

ri(5)

Sarju

-52(36)

other

Varieti

es(30)

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Varieties/Hybrids

Padd

y Yi

eld(

t/ha

)

DSR

Prima(3

)

Arize 6

444(4)

Dhani(1

)

Other

Hybrid

s(4)

MTU-7029(30)

Swarn

a Sub 1(2)

BPT-5204(46)

Sarju

-52(10)

Other

varie

ties(4)

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Varieties/Hybrids

Pa

dd

y Y

ield

(t/

ha

)

MTUPR

Date of sowing/ transplanting (Pooled analysis 2010 & 11)

Direct Seeded Rice

Sowing datePaddy yield

(t/ha)No. of demos. Std. Deviation

10-20 May5.895 17 .3592

20-31 May5.817 110 .6002

1-10 June5.269 214 .8299

11-20 June5.102 177 .8423

21-30 June5.039 40 .8630

1-10 July4.755 2 .5020

11-20 July4.900 3 .7937

Average5.322 563 .8325

Machine transplanted unpuddled rice

Transplanting date

Paddy yield (t/ha)

No. of demos. Std. Deviation

1-10 June7.059 10 1.2394

11-20 June7.216 40 1.0100

21-30 June6.764 44 .8330

1-10 July6.524 38 1.2443

11-20 July6.137 12 2.0750

21-31 July4.150 1 .

Average6.776 145 1.2101

Polynomial relationship between sowing time and grain yield of wheat under ZT and

CT

ZT CT

Effect of irrigation and residue retention on wheat yield under ZT

irrigations

Wheat Yield(t/ha)

No. of demos. Std. Deviation

One irrigation3.7447 17 .78752

Two irrigations3.8166 61 .81074

Three irrigations4.2350 20 1.03204

Four irrigations5.4967 3 .08145

Five irrigations5.5620 5 .41919

Total4.0139 106 .94354

Residue Management

Wheat Yield(t/ha)

No. of demos. Std. Deviation

Without residue

4.3600 1 .

Full residue

5.1907 15 .29456

Partially burnt

4.8738 8 .25729

Total

5.0504 24 .34259

Multiple Land Use- Brassica- spring maize and rice

300% cropping intensity

200% cropping intensity

$/ha $/ha

A. Gross Revenue 3732.18 2711.111

Land preparation 221.511 46.66667

Crop establishment 176.978 149.4444

Fertilizer costs 193 173.3333

Plant Protection costs 143.333 108.8889

Irrigation costs 320 248.8889

Harvesting expenditure 208 191.1111

Land rent 555.556 555.5556

Interest on Capital 179.4 131.3778

B. Total cost 1997.78 1605.267

Net Return (A-B) 1734.4 1105.844

Maize Hybrids + Intercrop Maize equivalent yield (t/ha)

Pinnacle + Cauliflower 10.8

Pinnacle + Mustard+ Sesame+ Coriander 11.9

Pinnacle+ Mustard +Cauliflower 13.4

Pinnacle+ Mustard* 8.5

Proagro-4640+Chickpea 7.4

Proagro-4640+Mustard 7.5

Proagro-4640+Mustard 7.1

Proagro-4640+Pea 7.3

900M Gold + Cauliflower 16.9