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Baburam Bhattarai@brb_laaldhwoj

Subodh Pyakureli@subodhfreene

Kapil Dhital@bewitchkapil

facebook.com/pages/Yalamaya-Kendra/134650350073191?ref=profi le

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Shivani Tharu

Manoj Dahal

Momo Karma

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cfhsf] 8n/sf] efp !)*=^) /] Û clg ;'g tf]nfsf] ^# xhf/ /] Û v'zL x'g'kg{] s'g} sf/0f 5}g . Ps dxLgfdf rf8kj{ z'? x'G5, d+;L/b]lv ljjfxsf] nug z'? x'g]5 . C0f lnP/Úlg ljjfx ug{]sf] tfFtL nfUg]5 . xfdL bl/b|tfsf] k/fsfi7f gf£b}5f}+ . d's'08f] le/]/ lx+l8/x]sf 5f}+ . ‰fg\–‰fg\ gfª\lub}5f}+ . levf/L x'Fb}=== .

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sf7df8f}+sf] sflGtkyl:yt Hof]lt ejgdf !$ ebf} laxfg cfunfuLaf6 g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8sf] zfvf sfof{no / u|f08L c:ktfnsf] l;6L lSnlgsdf Iflt k'u]sf] 5 . t:jL/M l;GXjf÷/f;;

6«]8 o'lgog sf+u|];df bfxfn g]kfnL sf+u|]; lgs6 dhb"/x?sf] ;+u7g g]kfn 6«]8 o"lgog sf+u|]; :jtGqsf ] kf “rf } + dxflwj ]zgn] lvnfgfy bfxfnnfO{ cWoIfdf rog u/]sf] 5 .

lrtjgsf] ;f}/fxfdf ;DkGg dxflwj]zgaf6 jl/i7 pkfWoIfdf /fdhL s'“j/, dlxnf pkfWoIfdf /df kf}8]n, pkfWoIfåodf cof]Wof ofbj / u0f]z lg/f}nf tyf dxf;lrjdf dx]Gb| ofbj / pkdxf;lrjdf s]bf/ sf]O/fnf lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ .

himalkhabar.com

clVtof/sf] lgb]{zgclVtof/ b'?kof ]u cg';Gwfg

cfof]un] j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefu, cWofudg ljefu / g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fdf cfjZos sd{rf/L v6fpg ;Da4 dGqfnonfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 .

e|i6frf/sf] cleof]udf lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynl:yt cWofudg sfof{no, g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f / j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefusf sd{rf/L kqmfp k/]kl5 sd{rf/Lsf] cefjdf ;]jfu|fxLn] ;f:tL ́ ]Ng' k/]sf u'gf;f cfof]udf cfPsfn] tTsfn cfjZos hgzlStsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;DalGwt dGqfnonfO { lgb ] {zg lbOPsf ] cfof]usf k|jQmf >Lw/ ;fksf]6fn] atfP .

nepalitimes.com

cgzg tf]8fpg] k|of; c;kmn5f]/fsf xTof/fnfO{ sfaf{xLsf] dfu ub}{ nfdf] ;dob]lv cgzgdf /x]sf u+ufdfof / gGbk|;fb clwsf/Lsf] cgzg tf]8fpg ;/sf/n] k|of; u/]sf] 5 .

!# ebf} laxfg clwsf/L bDktLnfO{ e]6L cgzg tf]8\g cfu|x u/]sf dlGqkl/ifb\ cWoIf

lvn/fh /]UdLnfO{ gGbk|;fbn] …Ps hgf dfq} bf]ifLnfO{ xTs8L nufpg'eof] eg] clxNo} eft vfG5'Ú eg]sf 5g\ -x]= t:jL/_ .

pgn ] cWoIf / ] Ud L; “u ck/fwL kqmfp ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ s]n] /f]s]sf] 5 eg]/ ;f]w]sf lyP . otf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{non] !# ebf}df lj1lKt hf/L u/L clwsf/L bDktLnfO{ cgzg tf]8\g nufpg cf–cfkm \gf ] tkm {af6 ;3fpg /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u, /fhgLlts bn, dfgjclwsf/sdL{ nufot;“u cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 .

himalkhabar.com

dfG5] slt :jfyL{ x'G5Ù ha tkfO{+nfO{ dg k/fpF5– tkfO{+sf x/]s g/fd|f s'/f e'N5, ha tkfO{+nfO{ dg k/fpg 5f8\5– tkfO{+sf x/]s /fd|f s'/f e'N5 Û Û Û

tLhdf dlxnf lbbLalxgLn] c?sf lglDt ef]s} a:g' eGbf cfkm\gf] :jf:Yosf nflu k]6 e/L vfP/ gfrufg ug{' a9L /fd|f] x'g]5 .

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…hgrfxgfÚsf] gfddf dfcf]jfbL jftf{sf] 6]a'naf6 k5fl8 x6]sf] / tTsfnLg /fhfsf] ;/sf/ klg …hgrfxgfÚs} gfddf l;+xb/af/df cf;Lg ePkl5 hgtf / b]zsf] aaf{bLsf] l;nl;nf tLj| ePsf] lyof] . of] 36gfsf] !) jif{kl5 pRr:t/Lo /fhgLlts ;ldlt / dfcf]jfbLaf6 ljeflht j}B g]t[Tjsf] dfcf]jfbLaLr uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngdf 5nkmn ul/g] ljifodf ;xdlt gx'Fbf jftf{ cj?4 ePsf] 5 . j}B g]t[Tjsf] ## bnLo ;+oGqn] r'gfj ljyf]Ng] sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf $ d+;L/sf nflu tf]lsPsf] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgaf/] cGof]n a9]sf] 5 . of] cj:yfdf ;fgfltgf s'/f la;]{/ ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{ jftfj/0f agfpg' d'Vo bnx?sf] k|d'v bfloTj xf] .

rf/ bn / ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ u/] klg ljb]zL zlQmsf] bafasf sf/0f uf]nd]r ug{ ;s]gg\ .

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k|zf;g If ]qsf ] k[i7e"ld eP/ klg /fhgLltdf lsg k|j]z ug'{ePsf] <;+ljwfg ag]sf] eP /fhgLltdf cfpFlbgy]+ . /fhgLlts / cfly{s cl:y/tf /x]sf] of] j]nf cfly{s d'2fnfO{ k|fyldstf, ljsf;df Wofg glbP b]z uDeL/ l:yltdf k'U5 . b]zsf] cfly{s pGgltdf of]ubfg lbg ;lsG5 eg]/ /fhgLltdf cfPsf] x'F .

:jtGq /x]/ jf c? s'g} If]qaf6 of]ubfg lbg ;ls+b}gYof] / <b]z ljsf;sf nflu gLltsf] lgdf{0f ug{'k5{ . gLlt agfpg] 7fpFdf gk'u] gLlt lgdf{0fdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;ls+b}g . bnsf] cfwf/ x'Fbf c? k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfd ug{ ;lsG5 .

tna kfpg], vt/f/lxt If]qsf] tkfO{+ tna gkfOg], w}o{ cfjZos If]qdf l6Sg ;Sg'xf]nf <d]/f] kfl/jfl/s bfloTj 5}g . a'afcfdf x'g'x'Gg, PSnL 5f]/L cfkm}+ sfd ul5{g\ . >LdtLsf] klg k]zf 5 . dnfO{ lgj[lQe/0fn] k'U5 . To;}n] /fhgLlt ug{ ;S5' eg]/} cfPsf] x'F .

/fhgLlts If]qdf nfdf] cg'ej ePsf x'Fbfx'Fb} tkfO{+ kf6L{df lg0ff{os 7fpFdf k'Ug ;Sg'xf]nf / <d}n] c? :yfgsf] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5}g . gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+;b\;Dd k'Ug ;s] of]ubfg lbg;S5' eGg] ljZjf; 5 .

;lrj 5f]8]/ u'Ktjf; a;]sf], k|wfgdGqLsf] ;Nnfxsf/af6 /fhLgfdf gu/L lgliqmo /x]sf] cf/f]k tkfO{+nfO{ nfU5 . km]l/ klg u'Ktjf; / lgliqmo gx'g] s] Uof/]G6L 5 < /fhgLltdf w}o{ /fv] c;kmn eOFb}g . d}n] cy{;lrjaf6 OR5fn] xf]Og, 5f]8\g] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ul/Psf] xf] . Tof] cj:yfdf ls d}n] dGqLnfO{ x6fpg ;Sg'kYof] { ls d x6g'kYof]{ . To;}n] d x6]+ . kfl/>lds glng] / dfu]sf] j]nf ;Nnfx lbg] u/L afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] ;Nnfxsf/ ag]sf] x'F . pgn] gLltut ;Nnfx dfUbf lbGy]+, pgn] u/]sf c? lg0f{odf d pQ/bfoL 5}g .

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ljb]zdf /x]sf s]6f ;fyLn] ¿kf yfkf -kl/jlt{t gfd_ nfO{ …d ltdLnfO{ ljb]z NofpF5'Ú eg]/ km];a'sdf n]v]sf] dn]lzofdf

a9\b} ;DaGwljR5]bsf:sLdf x/]s jif{ ;DaGwljR5]bsf 36gf a9\b}5g\ .

/x]sf kltn] yfxf kfPkl5 b'O{aLrsf] ;DaGw lalu|g z'¿ eof] . sfg"gL ¿kdf ;DaGwljR5]b geP klg tLg jif{b]lv pgLx¿ 5'§f5'§} a:g yfn]sf 5g\ .

dflysf b'O{ pbfx/0f;Fu} sf:sL lhNnf cbfntdf lbgx'F b'O{ hgfsf] ;DaGwljR5]b x'g'n] kl/jf/ lj36gsf] eofjx t:jL/ b]vfpF5 . sf:sL lhNnf cbfntsf ;|]:t]bf/ jf;'b]j Gof}kfg] cfj @)^(÷&) df ;DaGwljR5]bsf $&$ lgj]bg k/]sf]df #(( j6f d'2fdf kIfdf km};nf ePsf] atfpF5g\ .

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g]kfn af/ P;f]l;P;g sf:sLsf cWoIf sdnk|;fb cof{n ;dfhnfO{ klt /x]sf] b]vfpg s}of}+ dlxnfn] ;DaGwljR5]b gu/L c+z lnP/ 5'§} a:g] u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . klt gePsf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfhn] g/fd|f ] b[li6n] x]g{] / c;'/lIft klg x'g] ePsfn] dlxnfx¿n] csf{] k'?ifsf] ;xf/f gkfpFbf;Dd

;DaGwljR5]b gug{] pgsf] egfO 5 . k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;sf k|fWofks ljZjsNof0f k / fh ' n L l js l;t b]zsf] gful/s aGg sltkon ] sfg "g L ¿kdf ;DaGwljR5]b u/] klg Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf ldn]/ a;]sf] b]lvPsf] atfpF5g\ . æ>Ldfg\ / >LdtLdf

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eG5g\, æcfw'lgs hdfgfdf b'j} ckx]lnt x'g grfxg] ePsfn] clxn] ;DaGwljR5]b a9]sf] xf] .Æ

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clgjfo{nf]Ug]–:jf:gLsf] dxndf h];'s} elgP klg ;DaGwljR5]bsf nflu sfg"gn] >LdtLsf] d~h'/L eg] clgjfo{ x'g] Joj:yf klg u/]sf] 5 .

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hfn jf k|k~r u/]df, >LdtLnfO{ lgsf] gx'g] of}g /f]u nfu]df, k/k'?if;Fu s/0fL u/fPsf] 7x/]df >Ldfg\n]

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clg df]/ªsf] klg lj/f6gu/ . ToxfFl:yt Pe/]i6 OËln; af]l8{ª :s"nsf b'O{ 5fqf, ;lngf /fO{ / cfZdf kf]v/]n tyf csf]{ :s"n ;'dg ljj]s hLjg d'gf /l~htf -;'ljhLd'/_ ljBfnosL cg' l;jfsf]6Ln] o; jif{sf] k|j]lzsf k/LIffdf g]kfnL ljifotkm{ (!–(! c+s Nofpg ;kmn ePkl5 of] ;+of]u h'6]sf] lyof] .

xfn sf7df8f}+l:yt o'lge;{n sn]hdf

k9\b} u/]sf ;lngf / cfZdf tyf PlDa;g Ps]8]dLdf cWoog/t cg' l;jfsf]6L o; jif{sf] s]bf/ kfl/tf]lifs k'/:sf/ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf u|x0f u/];Fu} of] ;'vb\ ;+of]u h'6\g k'Uof] .

cfkm"n] P;Pn;Ldf u/]sf] ldlxg]tn] lbnfPsf] k'/:sf/n] clxn] kl/jf/} v'zL kfg{

g]kfnLsf cAan

;kmn ePsf]df b+u l5g\, ;lngf . cfZdfnfO{ g]kfnL ljifodf cfkm"n] /fd|f] u/]sf] nfu] klg olt w]/} gDa/ cfpnf eGg] nfu]sf] lyPg . k'/:s[t csL{ 5fqf cg' l;jfsf]6L k'/:sf/n] eljiodf s]xL ug]{ k|]/0ff ldn]sf] atfpFl5g\ .

pTs[i6 5fqfx¿nfO{ !! ebf}df Ps sfo{qmdaLr gub ?=!) xhf/, k|df0fkq / lzIff;Fu ;DalGwt k':ts k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . dbg k'/:sf/ k':tsfnon] x/]s jif{sf] P;Pn;L k/LIffdf g]kfnL ljifodf pTs[i6 c+s Nofpg] ljBfyL{nfO{ ljut !% jif{b]lv s]bf/ kfl/tf]lifs k'/:sf/ lb+b} cfPsf] 5 .

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xif{sf] If0fM !) ebf}df clws[t ;dfof]hg cfwf/ tfnLd k"/f u/]sf k"j{ n8fs" sdf08/ ofdaxfb'/ clwsf/L k|wfg ;]gfklt uf}/jzdz]/ ha/f;Fu . ;fydf ofdaxfb'/sf 5f]/fnfO{ sfvdf lnPsf bfh' lji0f' / &* jifL{of cfdf v8\ss'df/L .

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clws[t ;dfof]hg cfwf/ tfnLd k"/f u/]sf &) hgf k"j{ dfcf]jfbL n8fs"n] ;}lgs clws[tsf] bHof{gL lrXg kfPkl5 g]kfnL ;]gfdf n8fs"sf] ;dfof]hg k|lqmof ljlwjt\ ¿kdf 6'+luPsf] 5 . % d+;L/ @)^# df z'¿ ePsf] zflGt k|lqmofsf] of] dxŒjk"0f{ sfd ;DkGg ePkl5 ca …la|lhª sf];{Ú u/]sf ;a} k"j{ n8fs" g]kfnL ;]gfsf] /fli6«o ljsf; tyf ;'/Iff dxflgb]{zgfno cGtu {tsf ] lhDd ]jf/Ldf vl6g ]5g \ .

la|lhª sf];{ k"/f u/]/ clws[t x'g]dWo] !# hgfnfO{ ;]gfgL -d]h/_ / #) hgfnfO{ ;x;]gfgL -SofK6]g_ df kbf]Gglt ul/g]5 eg] c¿ pk;]gfgL /xg]5g\ . ;]gfgLdWo] u0fklt tfnLd k"/f u/]sf b'O{ hgf k|d'v ;]gfgL aGg] / csf{] Ps hgf dxf;]gfgL x'g] /fhgLlts ;xdlt 5 . h; cg';f/, ofdaxfb'/ clwsf/L dxf;]gfgL, jf;'b]j l3ld/] / kbdaxfb'/ tfdfª k|d'v ;]gfgL x'g]5g\ . c¿ Ps xhf/ #%! hgfn] cGo bhf{ -klbs_ kfpg]5g\ .

;xh ;dfwfgtTsfnLg g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] rnfPsf] bzs nfdf] ;z:q åGådf ;]gf;Fu cfdg];fdg] ePsf n8fs"nfO{ g]kfnL ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ug{' ;xh lyPg . zflGt ;D‰f}tfkl5 SofG6f]Gd]G6df a;]sf n8fs"dWo] g]kfnl:yt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ld;g -cgldg_ n] k|df0fLs/0f u/]sf !( xhf/ ^)@ hgfnfO{ g} dfcf]jfbL g]kfnL ;]gfdf ld;fpg rfxGYof] . t/, To;f] ubf{ /fhgLlts bz{gaf6 bLlIft n8fs"n] ;]gfsf] Jofj;flos / u}//fhgLlts rl/qdf cfFr k'¥ofpg] / ljefhgsf] aLp ;d]t /f]Kg ;Sg] ;}lgs g]t[Tj / u}/dfcf]jfbL /fhgLltsj[Qsf] cfz+sf lyof] .

To;kl5 dfcf]jfbLn] ;dfof]hgkl5 aGg] dxflgb]{zgfnosf] g]t[Tj k"j{ n8fs"n] kfpg'kg]{ dfu /fVof] . t/, tTsfnLg ;}lgs g]t[Tjn] n8fs"nfO{ ;]gfgLeGbf dfly lbg gldNg] atfof] . cgldgsf] alxu{dgkl5 eg] n8fs" k'gMjuL{s/0f ub{} dfcf]jfbL / cGo bnaLr ̂ xhf/b]lv ̂ xhf/ %)) ;Dd k"j{ n8fs"nfO{ ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ug]{ cgf}krfl/s ;xdlt eof] . …/fhgLlts lg0f{o dfGg]Ú atfP klg ;}lgs g]t[Tj Tolt n8fs"nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ tof/ lyPg .

;dfof]hg k|lqmof nlDa+b} hfFbf :j]lR5s cjsfz /f]Hg]nfO{ ?=%–* nfv;Dd Psd'i6 /sd lbg] /fhgLlts ;xdlt ePkl5 k"j{ n8fs"sf] 7"nf] ;+Vofn] of] ljsNk /f]h] . :j]lR5s cjsfzdf hfg]x¿af6 Psd'i6 /sd c;'Nb} pgLx¿nfO{ kf6L{df kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg] 7fg]/ Pdfcf]jfbLn] klg Tof] ljsNk /f]Hg] n8fs"nfO{ cj/f]w u/]g . u/LaL, cefj / SofG6f]Gd]G6leqsf] ps';d's';n] lg/fz ag]sf n8fs"dWo] w]/}n] cjsfz /f]h]kl5 ;dfof]hg x'g] Ps xhf/ %)) ;o /x] .

g]kfnL ;]gfsf Ps hgf pRr clws[tsf cg';f/, ;dfof]hg /f]Hg]sf] ;+Vof w]/} ePsf] eP ;dfof]hg w]/} sl7g x'g;SYof] . ;dfof]hg /f]h]sfdWo] aLr}df tfnLd 5f8]sf #* hgfnfO{ :j]lR5s cjsfzsf] ljsNkdf hfg lbg' ;}lgs g]t[Tjsf] nrstfsf] kl/0ffd lyof] .

/fi6«;+3sf] ;+nUgtf eP klg cGo åGåu|:t d'n'sdf h:tf] …8L8Lcf/Ú -n8fs"nfO{ k"0f{tM lg/:qLs/0f ub}{ rnfodfg x'g glbP/ ;dfof]hg ug]{_ / ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ …P;P;cf/Ú sf] k|lqmof k"0f{tM cjnDag gul/g'n] g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmof leGg} ¿kdf cl3 a9]sf] b]vfpF5 . …8L8Lcf/Ú dfcf]jfbLnfO{ / …P;P;cf/Ú ;'/Iff lgsfo -d'VotM ;]gf_ nfO{ :jLsfo{ lyPg . ;]gf ;dfof]hg ljz]if ;ldlt ;lrjfno k|d'v /x]sf k"j{/yL afnfgGb zdf{ eG5g\, æxfd|f] zflGt k|lqmofdf c¿ h:tf] afXo kIfsf] e"ldsf gePsfn] gtLhf klg gf}nf] cfPsf] xf] .Æ

clws[t ;dfof]hg cfwf/ tfnLd k"/f u/]sf k"j{ n8fs"nfO{ bHof{gL lrXg k|bfg ub}{ dlGqkl/ifb\ cWoIf lvn/fh /]UdL .

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xh'/ . ;f;"–;;'/f, h]7fh'–a'xf/L Pp6} rkL{df hfg] s'/f ePg . ;a}sf nflu 5'§f5'§} rkL{ agfpg ;fWo klg nfUb}g . km]l/ ofqf jf lax]a6'nf]df al/oft lg:sFbf af6f]df u'x' b]lvPg eg] ;fOt kb}{g . rkL{ agfPkl5 u'x' b]lv+b}g .Æ

ejg lgdf{0f, /+u–/f]ug / kmlg{r/ agfpg] sfd ug{ sf7df8f}+ k;]sf t/fO{–dw]zsf bfh'efO;Fu lbgx'Fh;f] e]6 eO/fV5 . s'znIf]dkl5 3/lt/sf s'/f ;f]Wbf slxn]sfxL+ o:tf rlst kfg]{ hjfkm kfOG5 . csf]{lt/, @)!& ;Dddf ;a} g]kfnLsf 3/df zf}rfno agfO;Sg] ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIo k|flKtsf nflu …v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{Ú cleofg ylkPsf] 5 . ufpFdf Kofg / cfwf af]/f l;d]G6 afF8]/ wdfwd …v'Nnf lb;fd'QmÚ lhNnf 3f]if0ff ul/+b}5 . pTkft tfd‰fdsf aLr ;b/d'sfddf ul/g] o:tf] 3f]if0ff ;df/f]xdf pk–/fi6«klt;Ddsf kfx'gfn] kfpsi6 ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . t/, To:tf d'Qm If]qsf ufpFx¿df afFl8Psf Kofgx¿ 5fgfdf ‰'lG8Psf / l;d]G6 lk+9Ldf 6flnPsf] b]lvG5 .

r]tgf ljgfsf] 3f]if0ff…v'Nnf lb;fd'St If]qÚ agfpg lrtjg lhNnfdf dfq ?=!^ s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] 5 . ^ c;f]h @)^* df gf/fo0fu9sf] SofDkfrf}/df ePsf] v'Nnf lb;fd'St If]q 3f]if0ffsf] tfd‰fd x]/]sf] d To;sf] gf} dxLgfkl5 d]6«fª uflj;sf] sfpn] ufpF k'Ubf /Ltf r]kfªsf] 5fgfdf

ufpFnfO{ …v'nf lb;fd'QmÚ 3f]if0ff ug]{ hf]zsf] kf/f] olt r9]sf] 5 ls rkL{

gagfpg]x¿nfO{ k|x/L nufpg yflnPsf] 5 .

rkL{sf] Kofgn] 3fd tflk/x]sf] lyof] . ufpFdf rkL{sf] gfdf]lg;fg lyPg . ufpFdf afFl8Psf] l;d]G6n] ljleGg cfsf/ u|x0f u/]sf] b]lvof] . rkL{ gagfpg'sf] sf/0f ;f]Wbf /Ltfn] …o:tf] xfntdf rkL{ gfy] grflxg]Ú hjfkm lbOg\ . x'g klg, tLg hgf 5f]/f5f]/L ePsf] pgsf] 5fk|f]leq x]bf{ clnslt lu6\7f dfq b]lvof] . clg lsg rflxof] rkL{ <

sfpn]df dfq xf]Og, xfQLafª / zlStvf]/ j/k/sf ufpFdf klg rkL{ lyPgg\, 5}g . lrtjgsf oL b'u{d ufpF t s] gu/ If]qd} klg ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno 5}gg\ . ;8sdf cfl>t afnaflnsf / a6'jfx¿ v'nf If]qd} zf}r ug{ afWo 5g\ . To;}n], ukm hlt lbP klg lrtjg oyfy{df v'Nnf lb;fo'St lhNnf g} xf], bftfx¿n] lb;fd'Qm dfG5g\ eg] dflg/x'g\ . bftfn] dfg]s}n] xf]nf, hf]lzPsf cleofgstf{x¿n] afws b]lvPsfx¿nfO{ k|x/L nufpg ;d]t yfn]sf 5g\ .

88]nw'/fsf] hf]ua'9f—@ sf s/g 6df6f / hf]ua'9f—# sL k?b]jL af]x/fnfO{ uflj; / ufpF ;/;kmfO{ ;ldltn] eGbf ;d]t zf}rfno agfpg gdfg]kl5 ;fpg clGtd ;ftf kqmfp ul/Psf] ;dfrf/ cfPsf] lyof] . ;dfrf/ cg';f/ o;/L ;dftL 5fl8Psf !@ hgf hltnfO{ k|x/Ln] rkL{ agfpg] sfuh u/fPsf] lyof] . t/, r]tgf hufP/ pTk|]l/t ug'{kg]{df k|x/L nufP/ ul/g] hf]/hah{:tLaf6 lbuf] kl/0ffdsf] cfzf ug{ g;lsPnf .

x/]ssf 3/df rkL{ x'g' / o;sf nflu cleofg rnfpg' /fd|f] sfd xf] . ;a} 3/df :j:Yos/ rkL{ / gu/If]qsf lglZrt b"/Ldf ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno agfP/ lb;fd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug'{k5{ . gu/ If]qdf zf}rfno gag]sf] k};f / r]tgf geP/ xf]Og xf]nf . ah]6 ;Sg] / l/kf]6{ b]vfpg] sd{sf08eGbf dfly p7]/ sfd b]vfpg]x¿sf] ho xf];\ .

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n lntk'/sf Ps hgf Jofkf/Ln] /;'jfaf6 NofOPsf] !( u|fdsf] ?jL b'O{ dxLgfcl3

?=!@ nfvdf lsg] . To;nfO{ ?=! s/f]8df a]Rg] of]hgfdf /x]sf pgL eG5g\, æafu]{lgªsf] cfwf/df d"No to x'g] eP klg yf]/} gfkmf lnP/ a]lr+b}g .Æ ;/sf/sf] hfgsf/Ldf g/x]sf] of] sf/f]af/ slt 7"nf] 5 eGg] b]vfpg of] pbfx/0f sfkmL 5 .

/TgkTy/sf] vf]hLdf b'O{ bzs nufP/ To; ;DaGwL b'O{ j6f k':ts ;d]t k|sflzt u/]sf xl/eQm pkfWofosf cg';f/, ?jL -dfl0fs_, ;kmfo/ -gLnd_, 6'df{lng -zf]efdl0f_, Hof:k/ -Pzj_, sf]/f]08d -s'?Gb_, 6f]kfh -k'ik/fh_, Od]/fN8 -kGgf_, Sjfh{ -:kml6s_, ufg]{6 -s'l/g_, cf]kn -/Tgf]kn_, Hof8]6 -xl/tdl0f_, d"g:6f]g -rGb|dl0f_, sfOgfO8 -Solg6_, PSo'dl/g -xl/t gLndl0f_ h:tf ax'd"No kTy/sf] g]kfndf 7"nf] e08f/ 5 . t/, ltgsf] 7"nf] cfsf/sf] sf/f]af/ leqleq} eP klg ;/sf/n] /fh:j kfpg g;s]sf] pgsf] egfO 5 .

ef/t, rLg, o"/f]kb]lv cd]l/sf;Dd g]kfnL /TgkTy/x¿sf] 7"nf] sf/f]af/ b]lvg' -x]= cd]l/sfsf] Soflnkmf]lg{ofdf a]Rg /flvPsf] g]kfnL ?jL_ / ;/sf/n] Tof] sf/f]af/af6 jif{sf] ?=# nfv klg /fh:j gp7fpg'n] pkfWofosf] egfO k'li6 x'G5 -x]= aS;_ . oL dxFuf kTy/sf] pTvgg / sf/f]af/sf] cg'dlt lbg], cg'udg ug{] / lgoGq0f ug{] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu sdhf]/ / cIfd x'Fbf u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf o;sf] sf/f]af/ eO/x]sf] xf] .

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;+v'jf;efdf e]l6Psf] Sjfh{ .

Soflnkmf]lg{of k'¥ofOPsf] g]kfnL ?jL .

nfu]sfx¿ atfpF5g\ . s]xL u|fdsf] nfvf}+ ?k}ofF kg{] ?jL, ;kmfo/ h:tf ax'd"No kTy/ lrGg] h]df]nf]hL k9]sf] hgzlQm / u'0f:t/ 5'6\ofpg] Nofa ;d]t ljefudf 5}g .

ljefusf] cIfdtfs} sf/0f p;n] lbPsf] cg'dltsf] cf8df ax'd"No kTy/x¿sf] sf/f]af/ 7"nf] ¿kdf x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pTvggsf] j}1flgs k|0ffnL gckgfPsf / jftfj/0fLo kIfnfO{ klg Wofg glbPsf tL sDkgLsf lqmofsnfkaf/] ;/sf/nfO{ s'g} hfgsf/L g/x]sf] atfpFb} ljefusf k"j{ jl/i7 e"ue{ljb\ s[i0fk|;fb sfˆn] eG5g\, æu0f]z lxdfn If]qdf Anfl:6ª ubf{ ax'd"No ?jL 5/k:6 ePsf] u'gf;f] cfP klg ljefusf clwsf/Lx¿ clxn];Dd ToxfF k'u]sf 5}gg\ .Æ

ljefuaf6 pTvgg cg'dlt lnPsf sDkgLx¿n] cj}w pTvggnfO{ j}w t'Nofpg ;xof]u u/]sf] klg kfOPsf] 5 . vfgL pTvggsf] cg'dlt lng]x¿ cj}w vfgL vf]tNg];Fu yf]/} d"Nodf v/Lb u5{g\ / cfkm}+n] lsg]sf] k|df0f agfP/ ef/t nufotsf d'n'sdf k'¥ofP/ s/f]8f}+ s'DNofpF5g\ . pTvgg u/]sf ax'd"No kTy/ s'g :t/sf] xf] eGg] 5'6\ofpg'kg{] ljefun] pTvggstf{n] k7fPsf] dflg;sf] egfOdf ljZjf; u/]/ laqmL cg'dlt lbg' of] If]qsf] csf{] ;d:of xf] . ljefuaf6 ;lhn} cg'dlt kfPkl5 Jofkf/Lx¿n] gfddfqsf] /fh:j lt/]/ Sjfh{ ef/t, o"/f]k / cd]l/sf tyf 6'df{lng / sfOgfO6 ef/t / xªsª k7fpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

tLg jif{cl3 ;'v]{tdf hkmt ul/Psf] rf/ ;o lsnf] cj}w 6'df{lngnfO{ ljefuaf6 cg'dlt kfPsf] …Ozfg :6f]g P08 g]r'/n xa{nÚ gfdsf] sDkgLn] cfˆgf] ePsf] atfof] . ;f] 36gfn] cGj]if0fsf] cg'dlt lnPsf sDkgLn] cj}w /TgkTy/ l‰s]/ laqmL ul//x]sf] k'li6 u5{ . ljefusf clwsf/Lx¿n] /TgkTy/sf] u'0f, kl/df0f / cj:yf hfFr]/ l;n5fk ;lxtsf] lgsf;L cg'dltkq lbg'kg]{df ;'v]{tsf] s'g} uf]bfddf ylGsPsf] kTy/nfO{ sf7df8f}+af6} lgsf;Lsf] cg'dlt lbG5g\ . ljefun] b'O{ jif{cl3 ;'v]{tdf sd{rf/L v6fP/ o:tf] cg'dlt lbg yfn] klg km]l/ tL sd{rf/LnfO{ sf7df8f}+ g} tfg]sf] 5 . h;nfO{ Joj;foLx¿ ljefusf clwsf/Lx¿sf] …lgsf;L cg'dltdf clgoldttf ug]{ rfnÚ dfG5g\ .

ljefuaf6 clxn];Dd PSo'dl/gsf kfFr, sfOgfO6sf @), 6'df{lngsf $$, ufg]{6sf @, Sjfh{ lqm:6nsf !%, sf]/f]08dsf !, Sjfhf{O6sf !( / ?jLsf] @ JolQm / sDkgLn] vf]htnf; ug{] cg'dlt lnPsf 5g\ . pTvgg u/]/ laqmL ug]{ cg'dlt geP klg pgLx¿n] ax'd"No /Tg pTvgg u/]/ a]Rg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . hals, pgLx¿nfO{ vf]htnf;

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ug{] cg'dlt dfq lbOPsf] 5 . /TgkTy/sf] sf/f]af/sf] cfsif {0fs}

sf/0f o;sf] vf]htnf;sf] nfO;]G; cf]u6\g klg xfgyfk x'g] u/]sf] 5 . hfh/sf]6sf gog zfxL / uf]kfnk|;fb kf08]n] cfˆgf] / kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] gfddf dfq} vf]htnf;sf] ‰08} 8]9 bh{g nfO;]G; lnPsf] b]lvG5 . ljefun] hfh/sf]6sf] k}+s uflj;df 6'df{lngsf] vf]htnf;sf nflu cg'dlt vf]Ng] lg0f{o #) kmfu'g @)^( df u/]sf] ef]lnkN6} zfxLn] nfO;]G;sf nflu lgj]bg lbg'n] ljefusf clwsf/L / pgsf] ldn]dtf] k|i6 kf5{ . Tof] lgj]bg ljjfbf:kb x'g] b]v]kl5 $ r}t @)^( df k|sflzt ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf /2 u/]sf] ljefun] ! r}tdf csf{] ;"rgf hf/L ul/;s]sf] eGb} kmhL{ ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lyof] .

b'O{ jif{cl3 Joj:yflksf ;+;b\sf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ;fwg ;ldltsf ;b:o z]/axfb'/ s'Fj/ g]t[Tjsf] 6f]nLn] klg c5fd k'u]/ ToxfF 6'df{lng / sfOgfO6sf] cj}w pTvgg / sf/f]af/ eO/x]sf] k|ltj]bg lbPsf] lyof] . Tof] k|ltj]bgn] vf]htnf;sf] dfq cg'dlt lnPsf] …Ozfg :6f]g P08 g]r'/n xa{n k|flnÚ n] pTvgg klg u/]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . t/, vf]htnf;sf b'O{ j6f nfO;]G; ePsf] ;f] sDkgLdfly clxn];Dd sf/afxL ul/Psf] 5}g . k|x/L k|jQmf gj/fh l;njfn /TgkTy/sf] cj}w sf/f]af/ ug]{ sf]xL lj?4 clxn];Dd d'2f rn]sf] clen]v g/x]sf] atfpF5g\ . ljefun] klg clxn];Dd cj}w sf/f]af/ ug]{ s'g} sDkgLsf] cg'dltkq vf];]sf] b]lv+b}g .

cj }w pTvgg /f ] ls +bf ljefusf clwsf/Lx¿sf] sldzg u'Dg] x'gfn] sf]xL sf/afxLdf gk/]sf] Joj;foLx¿sf] egfO 5 . k|x/Ln] klg sldzg lnP/ cj}w ¿kdf /TgkTy/nfO{ ef/t n}hfg lbPsf] ;'v{]tsf Ps Joj;foL atfpF5g\ . /fhgLlts bnsf :yfgLo g]tf÷sfo{stf{sf] ;fF7ufF7df of] cj}w wGbf rln/x]sf] atfpFb} tL Joj;foL eG5g\, æk|x/Ln] kqmfp u¥of] eg] klg g]tf÷sfo{stf{n] 5'6fOxfN5g\ .Æ

sf}8Lsf] s/d"Nojfg kTy/sf] cGt/f{li6«o sf/f]af/ sf7df8f}+sf ;Lldt JolQmsf] xftdf 5 . hubLz r'8fn, xl/ ltldlN;gf, u+uf tfdfª, dx]Gb| nfdf of] If]qsf gfd rn]sf sf/f]af/L x'g\ . ljb]zsf 7"nf sf/f]af/L;Fu ;DaGw /x]sf pgLx¿ ci6«]lnof, o"/f]k, cd]l/sf nufot ljZjsf ;a} 7"nf k|bz{gLdf uP/ /TgkTy/ laqmL u5{g\ . ltg}dWo]sf xl/ ltldlN;gf eG5g\, æ;DaGwsf cfwf/df o;sf] Jofkf/ x'g] ePsfn] h;n], hxfF / h;/L e]6] klg xfdLnfO{ g} a]Rg'kg{] cj:yf 5 .Æ

g]kfnsf /TgkTy/sf vfgLx¿sf] pTvgg k|lqmof s:tf] 5 < vfgL pTvggsf] lgodg / cg'udg ug]{ vfgL ljefu lgliqmo h:t} 5 . ;/sf/L pbf;Lgtfn] vfgLsf] Jojl:yt / j}1flgs pTvgg x'g;s]sf] 5}g . ToxL eP/ pTvggsf] k|lqmof ckf/bzL{ ePsf] xf] . rf]/L / clgoldttf x'g'sf] sf/0f klg ToxL xf] . /TgkTy/x¿sf] e"ldut sf/f]af/ 7"nf] 5, elgG5 lg < 7"nf] sf/f]af/ eO/x]sf] ;fFrf] xf] . t/, cg'udg gu/]sf]n] /fHon] o;af6 kmfObf lng ;s]sf] 5}g . o;sf] kmfObf ;Lldt JolQmn] p7fPsf 5g\ . o;f] x'g'df ljefusf] sdhf]/L xf]Og / <;':t ljefunfO{ ;lqmo / rgfvf] agfpg' ;/sf/sf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . ljefudf s'g /TgkTy/ xf] eg]/ lrGg] hgzlQm / hfFRg] pks/0f 5}g . of] l/;r{ ;+:yf ePsfn] o;nfO{ alnof] agfpg'k5{ . vfgLx¿sf] plrt lgodg / lg/LIf0f gug]{ xf] eg] b]zn] dxTjk"0f{ ;|f]taf6 kmfObf lng ;Sb}g .

s[i0fk|;fb sfkm\n]k"j{ jl/i7 e"ue{ljb\vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu

pTvgg k|lqmof kf/bzL{ 5}g

sfOgfO6 6'df{lng Sjfh{

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@# ebf} @)&) | lxdfn 21

g]kfndf kfOg] ax'd"No kTy/df d"Nosf lx;fan] ?jL PsgDa/df cfpF5 eg] ;kmfo/sf] d"No klg ?jLs} xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . 6'df{lng, sfOgfO6 / Sjfh{nfO{ s]xL ;:tf] dflgG5 . Jofkf/L ltldlN;gfsf cg';f/, wflbªsf] nfkfdf e]l6Psf] tLg Sof/]6sf] -Ps u|fdeGbf klg sd_ ?jL Gx'R5]gf/fo0f dfgGw/n] s/La @) jif{cl3 ?=!% nfvdf lsg]/ lgs} a9Ldf a]r]sf lyP . vfgL ljefusf] pk;lrjaf6 cjsfz ePkl5 k/Dk/fut uxgf Joj;fo ul//x]sf ;j{1dfg tfd|fsf/ klg ?jL, ;kmfo/ h:tf kTy/ nfvf}+ ?k}ofFdf laqmL x'g' :jfefljs ePsf] atfpF5g\ . /TgkTy/sf lj1 pkfWofo eG5g\, æg]kfndf o;sf] sf/f]af/ cg'dfg u/]eGbf w]/} 7"nf] 5 .Ú ;+v'jf;efdf pTvgg ePsf] Sjfh{ x]lnsK6/af6 sf7df8f}+ NofOg] u/]sf] va/n] klg pgsf] egfOnfO{ k'li6 u5{ .

sd d"Nosf 6'df{lng / sfOgfO6 eg] ef/tdf laqmL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . 6'df{lng / sfOgfO6 a9L pTvgg x'g] u/]sf] hfh/sf]6sf uvf{sf]6, 6fn] ufpF, c5f{gL, dhsf]6af6 vRr/df af]sfP/ ;Nofgsf] ;NnLahf/ ‰fl/G5 / g]kfnu~hx'Fb} ef/tsf] hok'/ k'¥ofOG5 . t/, hok'/sf Joj;foLn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] d"Nodf tL kTy/ laqmL ug{'kg{] afWotf /x]sf] Joj;foL uf]kfn kf08]sf] egfO 5 . vfgL ljefusf k"j{ pk;lrj tfd|fsf/ klg ;/sf/n] of] If]qnfO{ lgoldt ug{ g;s]sfn] g]kfnsf ax'd"No kTy/ /f]8f÷9'Ëf a/fa/ laqmL x'g] u/]sf] atfpF5g\ .

rf/ dxLgfcl3 ahf/ d"NoeGbf #) k|ltzt a9Ldf !$ lSjG6n 6'df{lng xªsª k'¥ofP/ a]r]sf Joj;foL kf08] Tof] yfxf kfPsf ef/tLo Jofkf/Ln] g]kfnL pTkfbg g} glsGg] wDsL lbPsf] / Tof] dfGg afWo ePsf] atfpF5g\ . clxn] hok'/sf Jofkf/L ;nfd / uGhfn] ;Nofgd} k|ltlglw k7fP/ 6'df{lng lsGg yfn]sf 5g\ . ef/tLo Joj;foLsf] of] ultljlw dg gk/fpg] s]xL g]kfnL Joj;foLn] g]kfnd} /TgkTy/sf] sl6ª / k|zf]wg pBf]u rnfpg] tof/L u/] klg kTy/ gkfPkl5 ;]nfPsf] 5 . lj1 pkfWofosf] egfOdf ef/tLo Jofkf/Lsf] bafasf sf/0f g]kfnL Joj;foLn] kTy/ lsGg vf]Hbf klg kfpg] cj:yf 5}g .

;:tf]df lsg]sf] sfOgfO6 / 6'df{lng ef/tLo Jofkf/Ln] xªsªsf] af6f] x'Fb} rLg k'¥ofpg] u/]sf 5g\ . cf}Bf]lus:t/sf] sfOgfO6 Ps lsnf]sf] ?=% ;ob]lv ?=!@)) ;Dddf laqmL x'G5 eg] pRr:t/sf] h]D; sfOgfO6 Ps lsnf]sf] ?=! nfvb]lv ?=# nfv;Dddf laqmL x'G5 . ;:tf] d"Nodf laqmL ePsf ltg} /TgkTy/ ljb]zdf k|zf]wg eP/ w]/} u'0ff d"Nojfg ag]/ g]kfn kmls{G5g\ . lj1x¿sf cg';f/ 7d]n nufotsf k;ndf kfOg] ax'd"No

vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefudf a/fdb u/L /flvPsf] cj}w 6'df{lng .

Clif/fd s

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uxgf sfOgfO6, 6'df{lng, Sjfh{, ufg]{6 g]kfnaf6 ljb]z nu]/ k|zf]wgkl5 NofOPsf x'g\ . 7d]nsf] ;~rosf]if ejgl:yt Ps k;ndf laqmLsf nflu /flvPsf] 6'df{lngsf] d"No k|lt Sof/]6sf] ?=$ xhf/ k5{ eg] sfOgfO6 ?=!@)) / Sjfh{ ?=!)) k5{ . g]kfnsf] PSo'dl/g k|zf]wgkl5 k|lt Sof/]6 ?=@ xhf/ d"No agfOPsf] ToxL k;ndf b]lvG5 . /fhwfgLsf @)) eGbf a9L o:tf k;naf6 s/f]8f}+ ?k}ofFsf] ax'd"No kTy/sf] sf/f]af/ x'g] u/]sf] atfpFb} Joj;foLx¿ eG5g\, æs/f]8f}+ /fh:j p7\g] / caf{}+ sdfOx'g] ax'd"No kTy/ sf}8Lsf] df]ndf ljb]z uO/x]sf] 5 .Æ

pTvggstf{x¿n] vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefunfO{ lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/, ut jif{ h]D;:t/sf] sfOgfO6 ! xhf/ *&% lsnf], Sjfh{ ! xhf/ %*^ lsnf] / 6'df{lng *# lsnf] pTvgg ePsf] lyof] . cf}Bf]lus:t/sf] sfOgfO6 !&=$^, Sjfh{ $=*) / 6'df{lng @^=%& 6g pTkfbg ePsf] klg pgLx¿sf] egfO 5 . ut cf=j=df ;/sf/n] sfOgfO6, 6'df{lng / Sjfh{ pTvggaf6 ?=@ nfv (% xhf/ /f]oN6L / sDkgLx¿sf] gjLs/0f ;lxtsf] /fh:j ?=^ nfv !# xhf/ kfPsf] lyof] .

lj=;+= @)%^ df ag]/ @)^) df ;+zf]wg ePsf] vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{ lgodfjnLn] Sjfh{ h]D;:t/sf] k|ltlsnf] ?=@) / cf}Bf]lus :t/sf] k|lt 6g ?=@), 6'df{lng h]D;:t/sf] k|ltlsnf] ?=#))) / cf}Bf]lus:t/sf] k|lt 6gsf] ?=#)), ufg]{6 / sfOgfO6 h]D;:t/sf] k|ltlsnf] ?=# / cf}Bf]lus:t/sf] k|lt 6g ?=%) /f]oN6L lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . ljefusf clwsf/L g} k|ltlsnf]sf] nfvf}+ ?k}ofF kg{] /TgkTy/sf] /f]oN6L ?=# /flvg' cfZro{hgs ePsf] atfpF5g\ . t/, h]D;:t/sf] 6'df{lngsf] /f]oN6L k|lt s]hL ?=#))) /flvPkl5 pTvggstf{n] Go"g pTvgg b]vfP/ /fh:j 5Ng k|oTg ug{' csf{] ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . ljefusf] clen]v cg';f/, ut jif{ h]D;:t/sf] 6'df{lng *# lsnf] dfq pTvgg ePsf] b]vfOPsf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)^*÷^( df

h]D;:t/sf] 6'df{lng #% lsnf] pTvgg ePsf] / Tof]eGbf cl3 pTvgg g} gePsf] kmhL{ ljj/0f klg ljefusf] clen]vdf 5 . hals, ljefun] cg'dlt lbPsf cfwf bh{geGbf a9L sDkgLn] jiff}{+b]lv 6'df{lng pTvgg ul//x]sf 5g\ . xhf/f}+ lsnf] 6'df{lng pTvgg ubf{ h]D;:t/sf] 6'df{lng Ps lsnf] klg ge]l6Psf] ljj/0f k]z ug'{ csf{] 9fF6 ePsf] ljefusf Ps clwsf/L atfpF5g\ .

sxfF 5 /TgkTy/ <ljefun] clxn];Dd tNnf] lxdfnL e]udf dfq cWoog u/]sfn] Tof] If]qdf dfq /TgkTy/sf vfgL e]l6Psf 5g\ . /TykTy/ a9L kfOg] dflyNnf] lxdfnL If]q tyf k"j{ / klZrdL kxf8df vlgh ;Defjgfsf] ef}ule{s cWoog gePsf] atfpFb} e"ue{ ljefusf jl/i7 OlGhlgo/ ‰f eG5g\, æ;DefJo If]qsf] ̂ ) k|ltzt If]qdf cWoog g} x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .Æ

8f= 6f]gL x]ugn] ;g\ !(^) sf] bzsdf cWoog u/]/ g]kfndf /TgkTy/ kfOg] k|z:t ;Defjgf /x]sf] l/kf]6{ lbPsf lyP . To;kl5 ;g\ !(*) sf] bzsdf cd]l/sL k|f]km];/x¿ lqm:6f]km/ l:dy, Pn]g af;]6 nufotsf] cWoogn] wflbªsf] ?ofn, nfkf, 5'df/ h:tf 7fpFdf ?jL / ;kmfo/sf] vfgL /x]sf] kQf nufPsf] lyof] . vfgL ljefusf k"j{ jl/i7 e"ue{ljb\ sfˆn] clxn];Ddsf] cWoog ;fdfGo gd"gfsf cfwf/df dfq ul/Psfn] j}1flgs cWoog eP g]kfndf k|z:t /TgkTy/ e]l6g] ;Defjgf /x]sf] atfpF5g\ .

clxn];Ddsf cWoogx¿n] /;'jf / wflbª nufotsf pRr lxdfnL If]qdf ?jL / ;kmfo/, ;+v'jf;ef, tfKn]h'ª, wflbª, /;'jf, uf]/vfdf Sjfh{, dWoklZrdsf lhNnfdf 6'df{lng, PSo'dl/g / sfOgfO6 kfpg] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 . !% jif{b]lv /TgkTy/sf] cWoog ul//x]sf bfdf]b/ e§ eG5g\, æg]kfndf ;a} k|sf/sf ax'd"No kTy/ e]l6g] ;Defjgf 5 .Æ lj1 pkfWofo u0f]z lxdfn If]qdf ?jLsf] 8fF8f g} km]nf kf/]sf] atfpF5g\ .

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)22

l/kf]6{ y?x6 cfGbf]ng

^ hgf …zxLbÚ x'g] u/L rls{Psf] y¿x6 cfGbf]ng km]l/ gp7\g] u/L ;]nfP;Fu} :jfoQ y¿x6sf] k|;+u klg x/fPsf] 5 .

@)^@÷^# sf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ng nuQ} dw]z cfGbf]ng / To;kl5 ePsf]

yf¿x¿sf] cfGbf]ngn] /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf rrf{ kfPsf] lyof] . To;qmddf bfª / lrtjgdf ^ hgf yf¿ cfGbf]ngsdL{ …zxLbÚ ePsf lyP . kmfu'g @)^% / j}zfv @)^^ df rls{Psf] yf¿ cfGbf]ngn] @)^$ ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgkl5 …klxrfgÚ / …e"uf]nÚ vt/fdf k/]sf] eGb} …k|lt/f]wÚ u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] cfGbf]ngaf6 p7]sf g]tfx¿ c¿ kf6L{df nfu]kl5 cfGbf]ng lzlyn ePsf] xf] . æyf¿ cfGbf]ng g/fd|f];Fu ylnO;s]sf] 5Æ, yf¿ sNof0fsfl/0fL ;efsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o d]6dl0f rf}w/L eG5g\, æcfGbf]ngsf cu'jfn] yf¿ ;d'bfosf] ljZjf; u'dfO;s]sf 5g\ .

ylnof]cf–cfˆgf] af6f]yf¿ cfGbf]ngtfsf ;jf{lws rrf{df /x]sf nId0f yf¿ clxn] ljho uR5bf/sf] dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d -nf]stflGqs_ df k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ . tTsfnLg g]skf dfcf]jfbL zflGt k|lqmofdf cfpFbf gcfpFb} 5'l§Psf nId0f …y¿x6 :jfoQ /fHo kl/ifb\Ú u7g u/]/ To;sf] ;+of]hs ePsf lyP . clxn] cfkm";Fu} nf]stflGqsdf k'u]sf bfªsf jL/]Gb| rf}w/LnfO{ pgn] …y¿x6 ;]gfÚ k|d'v agfPsf lyP . pk]Gb| ofbjsf] dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dx'Fb} uR5bf/sf] 5q5fofFdf k'u]sf rf}w/LnfO{ k|x/Ln] k6s–k6s y'Gg] / 5f]8\g] ul//x]sf] 5 .

kmf]/ddf hfg'cl3 nId0fn] …y¿x6 t/fO{ kf6L{Ú agfPsf lyP . To;sf Ps–b'O{ g]tf …y¿x6 t/fO{ kf6L{Ú / …;+3Lo nf]stflGqs /fli6«o d~rÚ df ljeQm eP/ ;dfg'kfltstkm{af6 ;ef;b\ klg eP . Ps ;do y¿x6 cfGbf]ngsf] g]t[Tj u/]sf /fhs'df/ n]vL g]kfn gful/s kf6L{sf cWoIf eP/ a;]sf 5g\ . o;/L g]tfx¿n] cf–cfˆgf] af6f] ;dft]kl5 cnkq k/]sf] y¿x6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ clxn] 1fg]Gb|sfnLg ;xfos dGqL uf]kfn blxtn] ;DxfNg vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . Pp6} …;+3if{ ;ldltÚ agfP/ k"/} b]z ttfPsf yf¿ g]tfx¿ ltt/ljt/ ePkl5 yf¿x¿sf] d'2f x/fpg] g} eof] . clg lxGb" /fhfjfbL g]tfsf] 5lj agfPsf JolQmn] hftLo cfGbf]ng xfFSg ;Sg] b]lv+b}g .

cfGbf]ng aLrd} 5f8]/ c¿ bnlt/ nfu]sf

cu'jfx¿n] klxn] yf¿ o'jf kl/rfng u/]/ …y¿x6 If]qÚ df …;dfgfGt/ ;/sf/Ú rnfpg vf]h]sf lyP . pgLx¿n] cfOPncf]–!^( sf] cfˆg} kf/fsf] JofVof ub}{ lhlj;, gu/kflnsf, uflj; nufotsf :yfgLo lgsfon] p7fpg] s/ c;'n]sf lyP . To;j]nf pgLx¿n] k};f / zlQmsf] nflu dfq cfGbf]ng ug{ pS;fPsf] clxn] yfxf ePsf] yf¿ sNof0fsfl/0fL ;efsf ;b:o d]6dl0f rf}w/L atfpF5g\ . ægq, dw]z cfGbf]ng a/fa/ p7]sf] yf¿ cfGbf]ng / d'2fn] of] xljut a]xf]g'{kg]{ lyPgÆ, To;j]nfsf Ps cfGbf]ngsdL{ d]6dl0f eG5g\ .

pgsf cg';f/, To;j]nfsf cu'jfx¿n] cfd yf¿nfO{ cfGbf]ngdf ptf/]/ k};f / rrf{ sdfPkl5 c¿ kf6L{lt/ nfu] . yf¿ cfGbf]ngdf yf¿ sNof0fsfl/0fL ;ef / hghflt dxf;+3 k|ToIf ;xefuL lyP . Tof] j]nf dw]zjfbLn] rsf{Psf] …Ps dw]z, Ps k|b]zÚsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ …sfpG6/Ú x'g] 7fg]/ c¿ bnsf g]tfx¿n] klg ck|ToIf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf lyP . ‰fkfb]lv s~rgk'/;DdnfO{ …y¿x6 k|b]zÚ agfpg] dfu rls{Pkl5 yf¿ sNof0fsfl/0fL ;efsf dxfdGqL /x]sf /fhs'df/ n]vLn] *–!) j}zfv @)^( df lrtjgdf yf¿ ;+3–;+u7gx¿sf] …uf]nd]r e]nfÚ af]nfP/ t/fO{df tLg k|b]zsf] cjwf/0ff cufl8 NofPsf lyP . t/, ca Tof] ;a x/fPsf] Pdfn] bfª If]q g+= @ sf cWoIf ;d]t /x]sf d]6dl0f atfpF5g\ .

uh]Gb| af]x/f, bfª

uh]Gb| af]x/f

@# ebf} @)&) | lxdfn 23

;fKtflxs ahf/ cledt

tYof +szf:qL afns[i0f v8\sfsf ] g]t[Tjdf b]ze/sf !@ zx/df x/]s ;ftf ul/g] o; ;j]{If0fsf nflu b Plzof kmfp08]zgsf] ;xof]u /x]sf] 5 .

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lgjf{rgdf efu glng] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] g]skf–dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf df]rf{nfO{ aflx/} /fv]/ $ d+;L/sf]

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kf]v/f a}7ssf] b'O{ cy{ nfUg] lg0f{o …6\oflS6;Ú /x]sf] kl5Nnf] jftf{ k|s/0fn] b]vfPsf] 5 . t/, dfcf]jfbL uf]nd]r cl3 a9fpg lg0ff{os 9+un] nfUg'df ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg pkof]u ub{} cl3 a9\g'kg{] dt kf6L{df alnof] x'g' csf{] sf/0f lyof] . dxflwj]zgn] …hgljb|f]xÚ ug{] lg0f{o u/]kl5 s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿ s[i0fWjh v8\sf, /]vf zdf{ / s'df/ bfxfn Pdfcf]jfbLdf kmls{Psf / kl5Nnf] ;do c¿ sfo{stf{n] klg pgLx¿s} af6f] k5\ofpg] qmd a9]sfn] cfˆgf] s]xL dfu ;Daf]wg x'Fbf lgjf{rgdf efu lng'kg{] dt dfcf]jfbLdf anzfnL x'Fb} lyP . t/, dfcf]jfbLsf kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o v8\saxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ kf]v/f a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ g} jftf{af6 cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf; vf]Hg kxn ul/Psf] bfaL u5{g\ .

t/, dfcf]jfbLn] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf] dfunfO{ g]tf–sfo{stf{df ljsf; x'Fb} u/]sf] c;Gt'li6af6 aFRg] / $ d+;L/sf] lgjf{rgnfO{ k/ ;fg{] of]hgfdf pkof]u ug{ vf]h]sf] b]lvof] . lgjf{rg ldlt k/ ws]Ng ;Sbf dfcf]jfbLn] grfxFbf lgjf{rg x'Fb}g eGg] wf/0ff d'n'sdf ljsf; x'g] / To;n] cfkm"nfO{ alnof] zlQm ;fljt ug{] p;sf] p2]Zo /x]sf] klg b]lvG5 . To;/L d'n'snfO{ cGof]ndf km;fpg ;Sbf c¿ /fhgLlts zlQm tTsfnLg ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbL;Fu !@ a'Fb] ;d‰bf/L u/] h:t} cfkm";Fu klg s'g} k|sf/sf] ;D‰f}tf ug{ afWo x'g] p;sf] /0fgLlt b]lvG5 . dfcf]jfbLsf ;lrj g]qljqmd rGbn] …gofF !@ a'Fb] ;d‰bf/L cfjZos /x]sf]Ú atfpg'n] Tof] k'li6 klg x'G5 .

t/, * ebf}sf] jftf{ layf]lnPkl5 p;sf ;a} …6\oflS6;Ú tTsfnsf nflu ljkmn ePsf 5g\ . hgljb|+f]x ug{] kIfsf rGb ;lxt j}B dfcf]jfbLsf ;a} g]tfx¿ pRr:t/Lo /fhgLlts ;ldltsf] a}7sdf g]tfx¿n] …jftf{sf] cf}lrTo ;lsPsf]Ú eg]kl5 ls+st{Joljd"9 b]lvg'sf]

ljqmd /fO{

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)28

sf/0f ToxL x'g'k5{ . pRr:t/Lo ;ldltsf] Tof] lg0f{okl5 j}B ;lxt dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿ jftf{ cl3 a9fpg /fi6«klt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjnfO{ u'xfg{ k'Ug'n] klg c¿ ;+s]t ub{}{g .

j}B dfcf]jfbLsf dxf;lrj /fdaxfb'/ yfkfn] kf6L{ lgjf{rgdf guP klg ;LkL uh'/]nsf] g]t[Tjdf df]rf{n] lgjf{rgdf efu lng'kg{] wf/0ff kf6L{sf] a}7sdf /fv]sf lyP . h;sf] kIfdf b]j u'?ª, kDkmf e'iffn nufotsf g]tfx¿ /x]sf] atfOG5 . t/, k"j{n8fs"x¿sf] 7"nf] k+lQm / ;+u7gdf ks8 ePsf rGb To;df ;sf/fTds gePsf]n] yfkfsf] k|of; cl3 a9\g ;s]g . dfcf]jfbLsf] km/s dt * ebf}sf] jftf{ layf]lngf;fy j}Bn] …lg0f{odf k'glj{rf/ ug{Ú pRr:t/Lo ;ldltnfO{ cfXjfg ug'{n] klg b]vfpF5 .

Pdfn] kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o k|bLk 1jfnL dfcf]jfbL cfˆg} lg0f{odf kmF;]/ cGof]nsf] lzsf/ ag]sf] atfpF5g\ . ædfcf]jfbLsf Psy/L g]tfx¿df lgjf{rg alxisf/ ubf{ cjufndf

kg{] / kf6L{ hf]ufpg g;lsg] lrGtf b]lvG5 eg] ;+:yfut ¿kd} lgjf{rg alxisf/sf] lg0f{o u/]sfn] To;nfO{ qm; ug{ g;Sbf s]xLn] kmF;]sf] dx;"; u/]sf] klg b]lvG5Æ 1jfnL eG5g\ .

pRr:t/Lo /fhgLlts ;ldlt;Fusf] jftf{ layf]lnPkl5 dfcf]jfbLsf] cGof]n c¿ a9]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] p;n] aGb ;lxtsf sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff ub{} { …uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngÚ sf nflu ;xhstf{ alglbg /fi6«kltnfO{ u'xf/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf Ps hgf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o cfˆgf] kf6L{ clxn] lgjf{rgdf hfg g;Sg] / cfGbf]ng klg ug{ g;Sg] cGof]ndf k/]sf] :jLsf5{g\ . pgL eG5g\, æxfdLn] oyfl:yltsf] lgjf{rgdf dfq ghfg] eg] klg g]tfx¿n] lgjf{rg lj/f]wL gePsf] :yflkt ug{ ;Sg'ePg eg] b]zJofkL cfGbf]ng u/]/ pRr:t/Lo ;ldltnfO{ uf]nd]rdf cfpg afWo kfg{ klg ;lsPg .Æ

kf6L{df cGof]n b]lvPkl5 Pdfcf]jfbL;Fu Pstf ug{'kg{] cfjfh dfcf]jfbLsf s]xL g]tfn] ;fj{hlgs ¿kd} p7fpg yfn]sf 5g\ .

kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o v8\saxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ To:tf] cfjfh p7]sf] :jLsfb{} eG5g\, æt/, s]xL dfG5]sf] To:tf] OR5f eP klg kf6L{df s;}af6 cflwsfl/s ¿kdf To:tf] wf/0ff gcfPsfn] cnlUu+bfsf] d'2fdf xfdL cl8u 5f}+ eGg] afx]s c¿ cy{ lgl:s+b}g .Æ

;+s6sf] k|tLIff…j}B dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;s] ldNg], g;s] lgNg]Ú /0fgLlt lnPsf Pdfcf]jfbL cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfnsf nflu dfcf]jfbLdf ljsf; ePsf] kl/l:ylt cj;/ aGg ;Sg] b]lvG5 . h;nfO{ …Sof;Ú ug{ pgn] …kf6L{ PstfÚsf] sf8{ klg ˆofFs]sf 5g\ .

ljefhg, 3ft–cGt3f{t, c;Gt'li6 / u'6aGbLnfO{ sf/0f b]vfpFb} Pdfcf]jfbLsf] hf/L s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt a}7sdf lgjf{rgaf/] ;sf/fTds …la|lkmªÚ gePsfn] bfxfn lrlGtt 5g\ . t/, lgjf{rgdf k|lta4tf hgfPsfn] pgL;Fu kl5 x6\g] ljsNk b]lv+b}g . dfcf]jfbL;Fu Pstf

cl3cl3 k~r, kl5kl5 dfcf]jfbLM !# ebf}df k"j{k|wfgdGqL dl/rdfg l;+x >]i7sf] >4f~hnL ;efdf k~rfotsfnLg u[xdGqL lg/Ghg yfkf, g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf df]xg j}B, k"j{k|wfgdGqLåo nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGb / ;"o{axfb'/ yfkf, /fk|kf g]kfnsf cWoIf sdn yfkf / pk/fi6«klt k/dfgGb ‰ff -afofFaf6 qmdzM_ .

@# ebf} @)&) | lxdfn 29

jf p;sf g]tf÷sfo{stf{ tfGg' lgjf{rgdf ;sf/fTds gtLhf Nofpg] Pp6f ljsNk x'g;Sg] bfxfnn] a'‰]sf 5g\ . pm;Fu Pstf x'g] cj:yfdf lgjf{rgsf] ldlt ;fg{ Pdfcf]jfbL tof/ b]lvg'sf] sf/0f ToxL xf] .

ptf, j}B dfcf]jfbLn] oltj]n} …/fi6«jfbL zlQmaLr PstfÚ sf gfddf k"j{b/afl/of / k~rx¿;Fu lxdlrd a9fPsf] 5 . t/ k"j{b/afl/of / afXo zlQmn] p;}nfO{ :jfy{k"lt{sf] c:q agfpg] vt/f a9]sf] b]lvG5 . j}B dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjsf] df]rf{af6 aflxl/Psf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf dft[sf ofbj slxn] jftf{sf] gfd} ;'Gg grfxg], slxn] jftf{sf] jsfnt ug]{ / slxn] k"j{/fhfjfbLx¿;Fu df]rf{ agfpg] lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ lg0f{o dfcf]jfbLn] ug{] u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . æslxn] rsf]{ / slxn] g/d aGg] u/]sfn] pxfFx¿sf] rfxgf s] xf] eGg] a'́ g g;lsg] ePsf] 5Æ, ofbj eG5g\ .

o:tf] ps';d's';df lklN;Psf g]tf–sfo{stf{ Pdfcf]jfbLtkm{ cfslif{t gxf]nfg\

eGg ;lsGg . lgjf{rg layf]Ng] lg0f{on] kf6L{leq} c;Gt'i6x¿sf] 7"nf] k+lQm tof/ ePsfn] Tof] k+lQm Pdfcf]jfbLd} gkms{nf eGg ;lsGg . To;f] x'Fbf kf6L{ ;+u7gdf 7"nf] klx/f] hfg] / p;sf] eljiosf] /fhgLlts ;Defjgf v'lDrg ;S5 . jftf{ k|lqmofnfO{ ;do u'hfg]{ /0fgLltsf ¿kdf dfq pkof]u ug{ vf]h]/ tTsfnsf lglDt jftf{sf] af6f] aGb u/]sf] j}B dfcf]jfbL;fd' ;+u7gdf hfg ;Sg] klx/f] /f]Sg] ljsNk klg lgjf{rg afx]s c¿ b]lvGg . lsgeg], sf+u|];–Pdfn] nufotsf bnx¿n] klg ca p;nfO{ z+sfsf] nfe lbg] ;Defjgf sd 5 . OdfGbf/Lk"j{s lgjf{rgdf cfpg rfx]sf] xf] eg] nrs x'g tof/ /x]sf] atfpFb} sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo ;b:o l/hfn eG5g\, æcNdNofpg] dfq xf] eg] jftf{sf] cf}lrTo gePsfn] ca pxfFx¿ lgjf{rgdf hfg] ljZjf; gx'Fbf;Dd jftf{sf gfddf cndn u/]/ lgjf{rgnfO{ kl5 ws]Ng ;lsGg .Æ

j}B dfcf]jfbL clxn] cfkm" a]u/sf] lgjf{rg

x'g g;Sg] / cGo bnx¿ cfkm";Fu jftf{df cfpg] cfsngdf 5 . kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o v8\saxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ cfkm"x¿ ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ;+ljwfg agfpg] kIfdf geP klg To;df 5nkmn ug{ v'nf /x]sf], /fhgLlts ;xdltaf6 To;sf] dfu{lrq to ug{ tof/ /x]sf] / cfkm"a]u/ $ d+;L/sf] lgjf{rg gx'g] ePsfn] pRr:t/Lo /fhgLlts ;ldltsf bnx¿ cfkm";Fu jftf{df a:g] bfaL u5{g\ . t/ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfxf]n lgjf{rgs} kIfdf /x]sfn] j}B dfcf]jfbLn] grfxFb}df lgjf{rg /f]lsg] jf layf]lng] ;Defjgf b]lvGg . $ d+;L/sf] lgjf{rg gx'Fbf d'n'sleqsf] l:ylt j}B dfcf]jfbLn] ;f]r]eGbf pN6f] eP/ blIf0fkGyL zlQmx¿sf] lgoGq0fdf k'Ug ;Sg] vt/f klg 5 . g]kfnsf] e"/fhgLlts cj:yf / ljb]z dfldnfsf hfgsf/ /fhg e§/fO{ eG5g\, æTo:tf zlQmx¿sf] xftdf k'Ubf g]kfndf l:y/tf x'g] eof] eg] afXo zlQms]Gb|x¿n] xfd|f] nf]stGq / l;:6dnfO{ x]g]{ 5}gg\ .Æ

cgn

fOgva/

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)30

r'gfj– $ d+;L/ @)&), c

8f= /fdj/0f ofbj/fi6«klt

c8fgM j}B dfcf]jfbLsf] ;xeflutfdf $ d+;L/d} lgjf{rg u/fpg] . tf]lsPsf] ldltdf lgjf{rg gx'Fbf lgjf{rg x'g ufx|f] kg{] . sf+u|]; / Pdfn]n] s]xL ;L6 5f]8]/ eP klg dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgjf{rgdf Nofpg' pko'Qm x'g] . a'‰ffOM dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgjf{rgdf NofpFbf blIf0fkGyLx¿sf] a9\bf] …:k];Ún] u0ftGqdfly nfUg ;Sg] sfnf] afbn x6\g] ljZjf; .

k'iksdn bfxfn cWoIf, Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL c8fgM j}B dfcf]jfbLnfO{ aflx/ /fv]/ $ d+;L/d} lgjf{rg ug'{kg]{ . j}B;Fu kf6L{ Pstf jf df]rf{aGbL x'g] ;+efjgf a9] r'gfj ;fg'{kg]{ .a'‰ffOM l5d]sL d'n'sdf ljZj;gLotf a9\g] / j}B dfcf]jfbL r'gfj gcfpFbf kf6L{ ljefhgsf] Iflt sd x'g] . pm;Fu Pstf jf df]rf{aGbL x'Fbf kf6L{ km"6n] ef]6Aofª\sdf kf/]sf] Iflt el/g] . ljutsf sdhf]/Laf6 ef]6Aofª\sdf b]lvPsf] g}/fZotfnfO{ klg ;dfKt kfg{ ;lsg] .

s]kL cf]nL g]tf, g]skf Pdfn]

c8fgM $ d+;L/d} lgjf{rg x'g'kg]{ . j}B cfP /fd|f], gcfP klg lgjf{rg ;fg{ gx'g] .a'‰ffOM kf6L{leq cfkm" alnof] /x]sfn] $ d+;L/d} lgjf{rg x'Fbf kmfObf x'g] ljZjf; . j}B dfcf]jfbL lgjf{rgdf cfP ‰fg} /fd|f] x'g] d"Nof+sg .

g]qljqmd rGb ;lrj, g]skf–dfcf]jfbL

c8fgM uf]nd]r a}7sljgf csf{] ldltsf] lgjf{rgdf klg efu glng] . a'‰ffOM lgjf{rg ;DaGwL d'2f tGsfpFb} kf6L{df zlQm ;'b[9 ug{] of]hgf . …uf]nd]rÚ nfO{ cGtl/d ;+;b\ h:t} agfP/ …;xdtLo /fhgLltÚ eGb} s]Gb|Lo ;Qfdf xfjL x'g ;lsg] ljZjf; .

;'zLn sf]O/fnf ;efklt, g]kfnL sf+u|];

c8fgM ;s];Dd j}B dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;xefuL u/fP/ $ d+;L/d} lgjf{rg ug'{kg]{ . j}B dfcf]jfbL gcfpFbf klg tf]lsPsf] ldltd} lgjf{rg x'g'kg]{ . a'‰ffOM j}B dfcf]jfbL r'gfjdf cfpFbf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ef]6Aofª\s lau|g] ePsfn] sf+u|];nfO{ kmfObf x'g] ck]Iff . j}B dfcf]jfbL lgjf{rgdf gcfpFbf klg sf+u|]; g} PsgDa/ x'g]df ljZj:t . lgjf{rgkl5 k|wfgdGqL aGg]df cfzfjfbL .

‰fngfy vgfn cWoIf, g]skf Pdfn]

c8fgM $ d+;L/d} lgjf{rg x'g'kg]{ . j}B dfcf]jfbL lgjf{rgdf cfpFbf /fd|f] . gcfP klg lgjf{rg ;fg{ gx'g] . a'‰ffOM j}B dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf] lgjf{rg x'Fbf dfcf]jfbL ef]6Aofª\s ljeflht x'g] x'Fbf Pdfn]nfO{ kmfObf x'g] ljZjf; . j}B dfcf]jfbL lgjf{rgdf gcfpFbf klg dfcf]jfbL ljefhgn] jfd ef]6Aofª\s Pdfn]lt/ cfslif{t eP/ kmfObf x'g] cfsng .

/fdrGb| kf}8]n pk;efklt, g]kfnL sf+u|];

c8fgM j}B dfcf]jfbL cfpg] eP lgjf{rg ;fg{] . pm gcfpg] lglZrt eP $ d+;L/d} lgjf{rg ug{] . a'‰ffOM j}B dfcf]jfbL lgjf{rgdf cfpFbf Pdfcf]jfbLsf] ef]6Aofª\sdf wfFhf k/]/ sf+u|];nfO{ kmfObf x'g] ljZjf; .

ljho uR5bf/, ;+of]hs, ;+o'Qm nf]stflGqs dw]zL df]rf{

c8fgM j}B dfcf]jfbL cfP jf gcfP klg $ d+;L/d} lgjf{rg x'g'kg{] . a'‰ffOM ;Qfdf nfdf] ;do a:bfsf] /fk / tfkaf6 kmfObf x'g] ck]Iff . ;Qfdf Pdfcf]jfbL;Fusf] nfdf] ;xsfo{af6 klg kmfObf x'g] cfzf .

@# ebf} @)&) | lxdfn 31

cf–cfkm\g} c8fg / a'‰ffOczf]s /fO{, cWoIf, ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kf6L{, g]kfn

c8fgM $ d+;L/sf] lgjf{rg ;fg'{kg]{ . $ d+;L/d} ug]{ eP ;+ljwfg;ef ^)! ;b:oLo x'g'kg{]{ . a'‰ffOM tf]lsPsf] lgjf{rg ;fg{ ;Sbf /fhgLlts ljho x'g] ljZjf; . hftLo /fhgLlt k'gM rsf{pg ;lsg] ck]Iff .

df]xg j}B cWoIf, g]skf–dfcf]jfbL

c8fgM $ d+;L/sf] lgjf{rg ;fg'{kg]{ . lgjf{rgcl3 g} uf]nd]r a}7saf6 efjL ;+ljwfgsf cGtj{:t' 6'+uf] nufpg'kg]{ . a'‰ffOM $ d+;L/sf] lgjf{rg ;fbf{ /fhgLlts ljho x'g] / lgjf{rgdf kf6L{sf] …:k];Ú a9\g] ljZjf; . …:k];Ú a9] Pdfcf]jfbL;Fu Pstf ubf{ jf 5'§} /xFbf klg xft dfly kg]{ ljZn]if0f . uf]nd]raf6 ;+ljwfgsf cGtj{:t' 6'+ª\Uofpg] eGb} ;do nDAofpbf ;+u7g ;'b[9 x'g] ck]Iff .

z]/axfb'/ b]pjf jl/i7 g]tf, g]kfnL sf+u|];

c8fgM j}B dfcf]jfbLsf nflu lgjf{rg ;fg{'kg{] . a'‰ffOM j}B dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgjf{rgdf Nofpg] eGbf cfkm" ;xdltsf] kIfdf /x]sf] b]lvg] ck]Iff . Tof] ;Gb]zn] csf{] ldltsf] lgjf{rgdf Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ 3f6f / sf+u|];nfO{ kmfObf x'g] cfsng .

dfwjs'df/ g]kfn jl/i7 g]tf, g]skf Pdfn]

c8fgM j}B dfcf]jfbLn] csf{] ldltdf efu lng] k|lta4tf hgfP lgjf{rg ;fg{] . t/, csf{] ldltdf klg pm gcfpg] eP $ d+;L/d} lgjf{rg ug{'kg{] . a'‰ffOM j}B dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf] lgjf{rg x'Fbf Pdfcf]jfbLdfly /fhgLlts ljho x'g] ljZjf; . dfcf]jfbL ef]6Aofª\snfO{ ljefhg ug{ ;Sbf dw]zdf Pdfcf]jfbLsf] k|j]z /f]Sg ;lsg] cfsng . j}B kIf gcfP klg $ d+;L/d} lgjf{rg x'Fbf hgk|ltlglwljxLgtf cGTo x'g] ljZjf; .

afa'/fd e§/fO{, jl/i7 g]tf, Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL

c8fgM j}B dfcf]jfbLsf nflu lgjf{rg ;fg{'kg{] . a'‰ffOM $ d+;L/sf] lgjf{rg ;fg{ ;Sbf cfkm" k|wfgdGqL x'Fbf lgjf{rg ug{ g;s]sf] bf]ifaf6 d'lQm ldNg] ljZjf; . csf{] ldltsf] lgjf{rg;Dddf cfkm\gf] cu|;/tfdf j}B dfcf]jfbL;Fu kf6L{ PsLs/0f jf df]rf{aGbL u/]/ kf6L{df alnof] aGg] of]hgf .

sdn yfkf /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{, g]kfn

c8fgM j}B dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;s];Dd $ d+;L/sf] lgjf{rgdf Nofpg] . gcfP klg lgjf{rg ;fg{ gx'g] . a'‰ffOM ;+;b\jfbL / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] !@ a'Fb] ;d‰fbf/L otf u'd]sf] cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts …:k];Ú a9fpg ;lsg] ljZjf; . ;Qflgs6 bnn] a9fPsf] hftLo åGån] c;Gt'i6 ag]sfsf] / lxGb"x?sf] dt a6'Ng] ck]Iff .

pk]Gb| ofbj, cWoIf dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d, g]kfn

c8fgM $ d+;L/d} lgjf{rg x'g'kg{] . j}B dfcf]jfbL cfpFbf /fd|f], gcfpFbf klg lgjf{rg ;fg{ gx'g] . a'‰ffOM rf/bnLo /fhgLlts ;ldlt;Fusf] jftf{af6 ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;L6 a9fpg ;s]sf] ljifonfO{ r'gfjL gf/f agfpg / ;Qfdf /x]sf c¿ dw]zL bnsf] cnf]slk|otfaf6 kmfObf lng ;lsg] ck]Iff .

dxGy 7fs'/cWoIf, tdnf]kf

c8fgM $ d+;L/d} lgjf{rg x'g'kg{] .a'‰ffOM tf]lsPsf] ldltd} lgjf{rg x'Fbf d'n'sdf /fhgLlts :yfloTj cfpg] ck]Iff . $ d+;L/sf] 3f]lift ldltd lgjf{rg x'Fbf blIf0f l5d]sLsf] /fo dfg]sf] b]lvg] ljZjf; . ;+3Lotf kIfw/sf df]rf{aGbLaf6 alnof] aGg] cfsng .

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)32

ljZn]if0f uf]nd]r

uf] nd]r ;Dd]ngsf] k|lqmof, ljlw / dfkb08sf] kfFra'Fb] tof/Lkq ;lxt /fhgLlts ;ldlt;fd' k'u]sf] g]skf–dfcf]jfbLnfO{ …o"–6g{Ú u/fP klg lgjf{rgsf] ljifodf ;'N6f] k|ult ePsf] 5}g . a?, dfcf]jfbLnfO{ a]jf:tf u/]/ lgjf{rg ug{ g;lsg] /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt ;3g aGb}5 . cflv/ lsg efFl8of] uf]nd]r < sf] x'g\ uf]nd]r efF8\g] k|d'v cleoGtfx¿ <

cGt/f{li6«o zlQmcfGtl/s /fhgLlt1x¿n] x}l;ot / cfTdan u'dfpFb} hfFbf cGt/f{li6«o zlQmx¿ xfjL x'g' :jfefljs} xf] . o;} klg sdhf]/ /fi6«sf] ;+qmd0fsfnLg /fhgLlts Joj:yfkg k"0f{ :jtGq /xg] ljZj kl/l:ylt clxn] sxL+ klg 5}g . g]kfnl:yt cGt/f{li6«o zlQms]Gb|x¿sf ultljlw eg] $ d+;L/sf] lgjf{rg k|lts"n b]lvPsf] 5}g . !@ a'Fb] ;xdltotf s'g} g s'g} 9+un] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts k|lqmofdf ;lqmo /xFb} cfPsf] ef/t / cjnf]sg ul//x]sf cGo /fi6«x¿ uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf] eg] ljkIfdf 5g\ .

g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts dfldnfdf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] d"ntM ef/tLo cfFvfn] 7DofPsf] af6f] klxNofO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s /fhgLlts zlQm–;Gt'ngdf ef/t / rLgsf] t'ngfdf c¿ /fi6«sf] k|efj gu0o x'G5 . hxfF;Dd ef/t / rLgsf] s'/f 5, g]kfndf pgLx¿sf] rf;f]sf] rrf{ ubf{ ef/tLo rf;f] g} k|d'v aGg hfG5 . uf]nd]rsf] sf/0faf6 3ls{+b} hfg] lgjf{rg ldltk|lt ;z+lst ef/tn] uf]nd]r eg]s} r'gfj ;fg{] c:q xf] eGg]df ljZj:t ag]/ To;nfO{ cj?4 kfg{ /fhgLlts bnleq bafa a9fpFb} nUof] .

j}B dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ef/tn] cfˆgf] lj/f]w afx]s c¿ s'g} /fhgLlts Ph]08f gePsf] zlQmsf] ¿kdf d"Nof+sg u/]sf] 5 . To;}n]], dfcf]jfbLs} sf/0faf6 lgjf{rg ;fg]{ t k/} hfcf];\ s'g} klg bnnfO{ To;af6 /f]Sg] /0fgLlt ef/tn] lnPsf] b]lvG5 . k|wfg GofofwLzsf] g]t[Tjdf

lgb{nLo ;/sf/ lgdf{0f u/]/ lgjf{rg u/fpg] /0fgLltsf/ ef/t g} lyof] . To;}n] cfˆg} kxndf ePsf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ etfe'Ë kfbf{ k'gM z'¿ x'g] …clgZroÚsf] ofqf /f]Sg] ef/tLo k|oTgsf] kl/0ffd lyof], uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf] cGTo .

;+qmd0fsfn;Fu} al9/x]sf] /fhgLlts w|'jLs/0fsf sf/0f g]kfnL /fhgLltdf zlQm–;Gt'ngsf] l:y/ ljGb' vf]Hg cGt/f{li6«o zlQmnfO{ ufx|f] kl//x]sf] 5 . ef/tLo ;lqmotfdf ePsf] !@ a'Fb] ;xdltkl5 pu|–jfd / pu|–blIf0fkGyL u7aGwgn] abNg vf]Hg] /fhgLlts ;dLs/0fnfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fVg klg lgs} ufx|f] kl//x]sf] dflgG5 . To;sf/0f, Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ cufl8 ;f/]/ ef/tn] kl5Nnf] k|k~r u/]sf] a'́ g ufx|f] 5}g .

PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLk6s–k6s kf6L{ PsLs/0fsf] k|:tfj lnP/ df]xg j}BsxfF k'u]sf k'iksdn bfxfn of] dfldnfdf c;kmn /x] . kf6L{ PsLs/0fsf] zt{afx]s cGo cj:yfdf j}B dfcf]jfbLnfO{ r'gfjeGbf aflx/ /fVg' bfxfnsf] k|i6 /0fgLlt xf] . t/, g]skf Pdfn] / g]kfnL sf+u|]; Pdfcf]jfbLsf] o:tf] rfxgf k"/f x'g glbg] /0fgLltdf /x] . dfcf]jfbLsf] dfuk|lt sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf] ;fk]lIft nrstf To;}sf] kl/0ffd xf] . t/, aflx/L zlQmx¿n] lgjf{rgdf c8fg /fv]sfn] pgLx¿ j}Bsf dfuk|lt eGbf r'gfjk|lt a9L b[9 b]lvG5g\ .

j}B dfcf]jfbLsf] cfufdL /0fgLltaf/] Pdfcf]jfbLsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 g} cfˆgf] wf/0ff agfO/x]sf cGt/f{li6«o zlQmx¿ sf+u|]]; / Pdfn] nufotsf bnsf] sf/0fn] ;z+lst ag] . uf]nd]r sfof{Gjog eof] eg] ;doqmddf cfkm"dfly ;d:of ylkg] cg'dfg bfxfnn] u/]sf 5g\ . x]6f}+8f dxflwj]zgkl5 ^ dxLgf;Dd kb ljefhg ug{ g;Sbf kf6L{df ;d:of rls{Psf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt afx]s ;a} kbsf] vf/]hLn] cfGtl/s ;Gt'ng lalu|Psf] 5 . Psflt/ afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] c;Gt'li6

o;sf/0fuf]ndfn

j}B dfcf]jfbL s'g} xfntdf lgjf{rgdf cfpFb}g eGg] k'iksdn bfxfnsf] bfaLnfO{

j}Bsf] egfOnfO{ eGbf a9L dxTj lbg] ef/tLo lgof]u / bnx¿sf] sf/0fn]

uf]nd]rsf] k|lqmof cf/De gx'Fb} ;lsof] .

@# ebf} @)&) | lxdfn 33

d'df/fd vgfn

;+ljwfg;ef lj36gkl5 JolQmTjdf cfPsf] c;fwf/0f Ifo / /fhgLltdf 36\bf] e"ldsfaf6 cflQPsf e§/fO{ u'd]sf] ;fv lkmtf{ ug]{ oTgdf 5g\ .

r'lnPsf] 5 eg] csf{]lt/ kf6L{af6 h'g;'s} ;dodf aflxl/g ;Sg] ‰'08x¿ tof/ 5g\ . bfxfnsf] lgjf{rgk|ltsf] b[9tfnfO{ …;]jf]6]hÚ ug{ afa'/fd;Fu dfcf]jfbLsf g]qljqmd rGbsf] e]63f6 klg aflSn+bf] 5 .

;+ljwfg;ef lj36gkl5 JolQmTjdf cfPsf] c;fwf/0f Ifo / /fhgLltdf 36\bf] e"ldsfaf6 cflQPsf e§/fO{ u'd]sf] ;fv lkmtf{ ug]{ oTgdf 5g\ . cfˆg} g]t[Tjdf bf];|f] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg u/]/ tª\lu|g]df 9'Ss /x]sf pgL ef/t / bfxfnn] ;d]t ljsNk vf]h]kl5 ;+u7gleq j}BeGbf zlQmzfnL dflgPsf rGb;Fu ldn]/ lgjf{rg ;fg{] nfOgdf uP .

kf6L{leq kbTofu k|s/0fkl5 bfxfn–e§/fO{ ;DaGw ‰g} lrl;Psf] 5 . e§/fO{–rGb ;DaGwaf6 ‰l:sPsf bfxfnn] uf]nd]rsf] nflu kfFr aF'bf lnP/ cfPsf j}B df]rf{nfO{ dfu k"/f ug{ g;lsg] eGb} ljbf ul/lbP . b'O{ lbg eP klg jftf{nfO{ nDAofpg] kIfdf /x]sf ;'zLn sf]O/fnfnfO{ klg pgn] j}B kIf s'g} xfntdf lgjf{rgdf cfpFb}g eGb} ljZj:t kf/] . ‰ngfy vgfn t o;} klg bfxfnsf bflxgf 5Fb} lyP . o;/L w]/}sf] rfxgfnfO{ cfkm";Fu hf]8]/ bfxfnn] uf]nd]rnfO{ ;dfKt} kfl/lbP .

uf]nd]r elgP klg ;j{bnLo e]nfaf6 s]xL dfu k"/f ul/Psf] eP …km]; ;]leªÚ ePsf] 7fg]/ j}B ;d"x lgjf{rgdf cfpg] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLleq lgjf{rg ljjflbt eP klg To;nfO{ sfo{gLltsf] ljifo agfOPsf]n] kl/jt{g ug{ g;lsg] lyPg .

g]skf–dfcf]jfbLj}B dfcf]jfbLsf] kf6L{ lg0f{o / To;n] pTkGg u/]sf] cGt/lj/f]w klg uf]nd]r efFl8g'sf] sf/0f /Xof] . ;+ljwfg;ef lj36g / Pdfcf]jfbL

ljefhg nuQ} j}B ;d"xn] gofF ;xdltsf] nflu uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngsf] ljsNk cl3 ;f/]sf] lyof] . /, ljefhgsf] cf}lrTo ;fljt ug{ …uf]nd]r dfkm{t gofF ;xdltÚ eGg] gf/f lbPsf] lyof] . t/, /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt dfcf]jfbLnfO{ x]/]/, ;'g]/ / s'/]/ a:g] vfnsf] lyPg . gofF ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg, ;+ljwfg;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf h:tf ax;n] j}Bx¿sf] uf]nd]rnfO{ s'g} dxŒj lbPg .

;+ljwfg;ef lj36gkl5sf] ps';d's'; afa'/fdsf] alxud{g;Fu} u}/bnLo ;/sf/ ag]/ 6'+luof] . gofF lgjf{rgdf hfg] ePkl5 ;+ljwfg;ef k'g:yf{kgfsf] ax; klg ;lsof] . gofF lgjf{rgsf cg]s afwfaLr dfcf]jfbLsf] alxisf/ /fhgLlt s]Gb|Lo r'gf}tL ag]/ cfof] . lgjf{rg ldlt tf]lsgf;fy dfcf]jfbLn] ;zQm alxisf/sf] lg0f{o ubf{ s;}n] uDeL/tfk"j{s glnP klg $ d++;L/ glhls+b} ubf{ p;sf] gLltn] k|efj kfg]{ kl/l:ylt ag]sf] 5 . p;sf] alxisf/ gLltnfO{ k|of]u u/]/ ljleGg zlQmx¿n] /fhgLlts nfe lng vf]h]sf] 5gsx¿ aflSng yfn]sf 5g\ . To;n] j}B dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgjf{rgdf Nofpg rfxg] / grfxg] zlQmx¿nfO{ yk w'|jLs[t agfPsf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLleq lgjf{rgdf hfg] / ghfg] b'O{y/L dt /x] klg k|f/Deb]lv g} kf6L{sf] cflwsfl/s nfOg …oyfl:yltÚdf lgjf{rg alxisf/ ug]{ lyof] . j}B ;d"xsf] …oyfl:yltÚ eGgfn] ;+ljwfg;ef lj36gotf ljsl;t /fhgLlts 36gfqmd xf] . dfcf]jfbLn] kf]v/f ;Dd]ngaf6 kf6L{sf] cflwsfl/s nfOgnfO{ c‰ s8f kf/]kl5 c¿ bnx¿ p;nfO{ ;xefuL gu/fO{ :jtGq, eo/lxt / lgikIf lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg] lgisif{df k'u] . o;} lg0f{osf] sf/0fn] ubf{ alxisf/k|lt

s7f]/ 7flgPsf] dfcf]jfbL lgjf{rgk|lt nlrnf] aGb} cfO/x]sf] lyof] .

s'g} klg xfntdf lgjf{rgdf efu lng gx'g] dt /fVb} cfPsf g]qljqmd rGbn] cGo bnx¿n] uf]nd]rdf ;dy{g hgfpg] cfwf/ b]v]sf lyPgg\ . pgn] jftf{åf/f cfˆgf s]xL dfux¿ k"/f u/fpg ;lsof] eg] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf efu lng'k5{ eGg] kf6L{sf jl/i7 g]tfx¿sf] dtnfO{ 7f8} c:jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . jftf{sf] cjlw nlDa+b} hfFbf ;/sf/n] s]xL cfwf/e"t zt{x¿ dflglbof] eg] lgjf{rgdf hfg'kg]{ dt klg alnof] aGb} lyof] . Tof] dt alnof] aGbf

kf6L{leq rGbsf] nflu ;d:of pTkGg x'GYof] . To;}n] klxnf] k':tfsf] g]t[Tj lgjf{rgk|lt nrsbf/ aGg] 5gs kfO;s]sf rGbn] uf]nd]rsf zt{x¿nfO{ c‰ s8f kfg{ j}Bdfly bafa a9fP .

j}B ;+u7gdf alnof] ks8 /x]sf rGbdf lge{/ 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf pgL rGbsf] ;'‰fjeGbf aflx/ hfg ;Dej lyPg . ;a} ljjfbsf ljifox¿nfO{ uf]nd]r ;efaf6 6'+Uofpg'kg]{ rGbsf] k|:tfj nfu" x'g] xf] eg] csf]{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] s'g} cy{ klg /xFb}g . o;/L dfcf]jfbLleqsf] cGt/lj/f]w / kf6L{leq yk zlQmzfnL aGg rGbn] rfn]sf] rfnn] klg uf]nd]rnfO{ uf]ndfndf kfl/lbof] .

Uff]nd]rsf] syf ;lsPkl5 lgjf{rg ;fg]{ / Pdfcf]jfbL;Fu kf6L{ PsLs/0f ug]{] k|:tfj lnP/ rGb rLgsf] /fhgLlts ofqfdf lg:s]sf 5g\ . lgjf{rg ;fg{ afa'/fd e§/fO{;Fu ;xdlt u/]/ g} rGb rLglt/ nfu]sf x'g\ . ;+:yfut lg0f{oeGbf aflx/ ljleGg zlQms]Gb|x¿;Fu c:jfefljs ;Dks{–;DaGw /fVb} lx+8]sf rGbdfly kf6L{leq cfnf]rgf eg] a9\b} uPsf] 5 . lgjf{rg ;fg]{ / afa'/fd dfkm{t kf6L{ PsLs/0f ug]{] /0fgLlt cg'¿k pgn] uf]nd]rnfO{ uf]ndfn ug{ ;xfos e"ldsf v]n]sf] rrf{ dfcf]jfbLdf JofKt 5 .

!@ ebf} @)&) df ‰ffkfsf] latf{df]8df g]skf–dfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf] dfr{kf; .

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)34

l6Kk0fL /fhgLlt

ldof]ljgfsf]

bfOFlx +8]/ sxL+ gk'lug] / nIo klg ge]l6g] uGtJoxLg ofqf ag]sf] 5, g]kfnL /fhgLlt . lx+8fO hf/L /x] klg k'/fg} 7fpFdf, ;d'b|sf] aLrdf cfFwL cfpFbf hxfh lbzfxLg ag] h:tf] ePsf] 5, /fhgLlt . lbzf klxNofpg / ult a9fpg vf]h] klg ofqfsf] lbzf / ult p:t} /x] h:tf] .

g]t[TjljxLg ePsfn] g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] of] xfn ePsf] xf] . ut ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn ag]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/ agfP/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] g]t[Tj ug{] cj;/ klg kfPsf] lyof] . t/, b'O{ kN6 ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ug{ kfPsf] df}sf p;n] ;b'kof]u ug{ ;s]g . zflGt ;D‰f}tf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf ePsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgkl5 kl/jt{gsf] cfzf lnP/ a;]sf hgtf k'iksdn bfxfn g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/ c;kmn ePkl5 lg/fz ag] . ljgf sf/0f k|wfg ;]gfklt x6fpg] / nf]stflGqs d"NodfGotf lj?4 cleJolQm lbg / ultljlw ug{ yfn]sfn] pgL nf]stGqsf nflu ljZjf;of]Uo kfq aGg ;s]gg\ . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ klg c;kmn /x] .

k'iksdn bfxfn c‰} g]kfnL /fhgLltsf Ps hgf k|d'v kfq eP klg pgsf] e"ldsf ljZj;gLo 5}g . cljZj;gLo rl/q, nf]stGqk|ltsf] sdhf]/ k|lta4tf tyf /fli6«o :jfledfg / :jfy{k|ltsf] 9'nd'n] Jojxf/n] k|d'v kfq eP/ klg pgn] lg0ff{os e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . pgsf] ofqf nf]stflGqs lbzftkm{ pGd'v x'g'df ;}4flGtseGbf a9L Jofjxfl/s afWotf sf/0f ag]sf] b]lvG5 . ToxL eP/ a'l4hLjL / dWod Pj+ lgDgdWod ju{sf] ;dy{g pgn] u'dfpFb} uPsf x'g\ . kf6L{ ljefhgn] cfˆgf] / kf6L{sf] nf]slk|otf c¿ vl:sg yfn]kl5 pgL l;4fGtljxLg / cj;/jfbL u7aGwgx¿sf] vf]hLdf nfu]sf 5g\, h;n] g]kfnL /fhgLlt / ;dfhnfO{ gofF åGå / lj36gtkm{ 3r]6\g] vt/f 5 . hfltjfbL / If]qLotfjfbL zlQm;Fu ;xsfo{ Pj+ Pstfsf] nflu pgn] u/]sf] /fhgLlts s;/t / cg'gon] g]kfnL ;dfh / /fhgLltnfO{ yk cGof]n / clglZrttftkm{ n}hfg]5 . hfltjfbL, If]qLotfjfbL / ljv08gjfbL k|j[lQsf bnx¿;Fu g]skf–dfcf]jfbL / bfxfnsf] a9\bf] u7aGwgn] pgLx¿sf] cj;/jfbL rl/q / ;Qfnf]n'k dxŒjfsf+Iff b]vfpF5 . oL k|j[lQn] bfxfnsf] /fhgLlts cf:yf, ;}4flGts k|lta4tf / lrGtg ;d]t IfoLs/0f ub{}5 .

ghfu]sf Pdfn] / sf+u|];Pdfcf]jfbL / bfxfndf ljrng b]vfk/]sfn] g]skf Pdfn] / g]kfnL sf+u|];n] ljsNk lbg'kg{] xf] . t/, b'j} bnn] cfˆgf] x}l;ot cg';f/ Ph]08f lgwf{/0f ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . cfˆgf] ljrf/ ;fxl;s, k|efjsf/L / k|i6 ¿kn] /fVg g;Sg', :ki6 gLlt / ljrf/x¿ agfpg g;Sg' / c¿sf Ph]08fsf] r]k'jf / bafadf k/]kl5 unt s'/fdf klg ;D‰f}tf ub{} c8fg v's'nf] agfpg'n] pgLx¿ Ph]08f lgwf{/0f ug{ r's]sf x'g\ . l3;fl/+b} c¿sf Ph]08f af]Sbf /fhgLlts c8fg, l;4fGt / gLlt afFsL gx'g' c:jfefljs xf]Og . nlrnf] x'g] gfddf ;a} c8fg 5f]8]sfn] Ph]08fljxLg x'g] cj:yf cfPsf] xf] .

Pdfn] / sf+u|];sf] sfFwdf ax'njfb, ax'bnLo zf;g k|0ffnL, /fli6«otf / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Pstf clg ;du| nf]stflGqs k|0ffnL / To;sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] bfloTj ;don] ;'lDklbPsf] 5 . t/, of] dgg ug{ g;s]/ pgLx¿ cfGtl/s åGå, g]t[Tjsf] k|lt:kwf{, u'6aGbL / lx;fa–lstfadf cN‰]sf 5g\ . cfˆgf] d'Vo bfloTj la;{g' /fli6«o Ph]08f lgdf{0fdf e"ldsf v]Ng r'Sg'sf] sf/0f xf] . Pdfn] / sf+u|];sf g]tfx¿n] of] sdhf]/L ;RofpFb} hfltjfb / If]qLotfjfb;Fu ;D‰f}tf u/]/ aGg] u7aGwg k|efjsf/L x'g glbg k|oTg ug{' clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] .

u7aGwg lgdf{0f gubf{ cfˆgf] pkl:ylt k|efjsf/L gx'g] b]v]kl5 bfxfnn] ;fgf hfltjfbL / t/fO{sf If]qLo bnx¿;Fu u7aGwg lgdf{0fsf]

lgjf{rg x'Fbf dfq ljgf ldof] bfOF eO/x]sf] jt{dfg kl/l:ylt kl/jt{g x'Fb} /fhgLlt ;sf/fTds lbzfdf cl3 a9\g ;S5 .

@# ebf} @)&) | lxdfn 35

/3' kGt

k|oTgnfO{ cl3 a9fPsf 5g\ . t/ nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf sf] ;xof]uL x'g;S5g\ eGg] lx;fa–lstfa;Dd u/]sf 5}gg\ Pdfn] sf+u|];n] .

;dfg'kflts ;b:o ;+Vof w]/} x'Fbf ;+ljwfg;efdf clxn] s;}sf] ax'dt k'Ug] ;Defjgf sd 5 . To;}n] ca aGg] ;+ljwfg;efdf cfkm" cg's"nsf] u7aGwg jf bnx¿nfO{ ax'dt lbnfpg k|oTg ug'{nfO{ c:jfefljs dfGg'x'Fb}g .

/fhgLlts tfgftfgg]kfnL /fhgLlt oltj]nf tfgftfgsf] cj:yfdf 5 . of] tfgftfgdf aflx/af6 b]lvP h:tf] /fhgLlts v]nf8L dfq xf]Og, ljb]zL zlQm, wfld{s / hftLo åGå a9fpg /sd vr{ ul//x]sf cfO{PghLcf] / PghLcf], ljb]zL k|efj / k|nf]egdf k/]sf b]zleq}sf ljleGg hftLo / ;fd'bflos ;+u7g ;fd]n 5g\ . oL zlQmsf b]lvg] / gb]lvg] v]nn] g]kfnL /fhgLltdf clglZrttf, cGof]n / åGå a9fpg e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf 5g\ .

oL v]n Pdfn], sf+u|]; / Pdfcf]jfbLn] klg a'‰]sf 5g\ . t/, oL bnsf sltko g]tfx¿ ghfg]/ jf bafa y]Ug g;s]/ o:tf v]ndf k/]sf 5g\ . of] ;a} a'‰]sf pgLx¿df c‰} r]t gcfpg' eg] lj8Dagf 5 .

/fli6«otfk|lt lrlGtt, ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fk|lt k|lta4 / nf]stGqsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu lqmofzLn oL bndf xhf/f}+ sfo{stf{ 5g\ . t/ tL sfo{stf{x¿sf] ljZjf; / rfxgfnfO{ y]Ug] / af]Sg] ;fdYo{ g]tfx¿n] b]vfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . k|d'v bnsf g]tfx¿ u'6sf] g]tf dfq aGg'sf]

sf/0f oxL xf] . g]tfn] cfˆg} kf6L{nfO{ ;du| ¿kdf k|ltlglwTj ug{ g;Sg'sf] sf/0f klg oxL xf] . u'6aGbLn] hh{/, cjfl~5t dxŒjfsf+Iffn] tnb]lv dfly;Dd u|:t, s]Gb|b]lv ufpF;Dd lr/fdf ljeflht clg j}rfl/s k|lta4tf / Jofjxfl/s z'4tf u'dfpFb} bnx¿ clxn] la/fdL cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ .

/fhgLltdf clxn] Pp6f bnsf] dfq k|d'v e"ldsf 5}g . tLg rf/ bn ldn]/ lgsf; lbg vf]Hbf klg pu|jfdkGyL, If]qLo jf hftLo bnn] r'gf}tL lbgf;fy nlqP/ cjfl~5t / cnf]stflGqs dfux¿ :jLsfg{] cj:yf 5 clxn] . ;/sf/ / ;+j}wflgs ;+:yfx¿sf] j}wtf sdhf]/ x'g' / cfly{s ljsf;df cj/f]w b]vfkg{' t lrGtfhgs 5Fb}5 .

hftLo s§/tf / ;+sL0f{tf a9\bf] 5 . To;n] /fli6«o klxrfgdfly lg/Gt/ cfqmd0f x'Fbf klg ;+j]bgzLn gx'g] k|j[lQ a9fPsf] 5 . /, hftLo :jfy{ /Iffsf nflu /fli6«o klxrfgdfly cfqmd0f ug{ tD;g] k|j[lQ a9]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts l;4fGt, gLlt / sfo{qmdsf cfwf/df ag]sf kf6L{d} hftLo ljjfb / lr;f]kgf a9]sf] 5 . g]t[Tj / cj;/sf] bfaL of]ubfg, Ifdtf / of]Uotfsf] cfwf/df geP/ hflt, If]q / u'6sf] cfwf/df x'g yfn]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts g]t[Tj ug'{kg]{ ;+:yfx¿ j}rfl/s–;}4flGts ¿kdf sdhf]/ x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . ut ;+ljwfg;efdf sltko ;ef;b\sf rlt{snf / /fhgLlts cof]Uotfn] ^)! sf] ;+Vof g} cfnf]lrt aGg k'u]sf] lyof] . To;nfO{ yf]/} eP klg Wofg lb+b} /fli6«o bnx¿n] $(! df ‰fg]{ lg0f{o u/], t/ hftLo / If]qLo bafadf km]l/ %*% k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . clxn] ^)! g} k'¥ofpg] bafa / v]n hf/L 5 .

7"nf bnsf g]tfx¿ lg/Lx eP/ o:tf bafasf ;fd' ‰'Sb} uPsf 5g\ . kf6L{ aflx/ klg :jLsfl/g] g]tf gx'Fbf unt lg0f{o x'g glbg ;fy{s, ;fxl;s / k|efjsf/L x:tIf]k x'g;s]sf] 5}g . of]Uo / ;Ifd sdfG8/sf] cefjdf ;]gfn] lhTg] n8fO{+ klg xf/] h:t} :jLsfo{, of]Uo / ;Ifd g]tfx¿sf] cefjdf /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ;dfh kl/jt{g, nf]stGq ;'b[9Ls/0f / /fhgLlts dof{bf /Iffsf] n8fO{+ lhTg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

g]kfnL /fhgLltn] clxn] lht]sf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ ax; ug'{sf] cy{ lsg klg 5}g eg] g]kfnL /fhgLltn] clxn] n8fO{+ g} nl8/x]sf] 5}g . ;xL / unt 5'6\ofpg] n8fO{+df xf]ldP g xf/ lht x'g] xf] . clxn] bnx¿n] ;D‰f}tf / ;xdlt dfq u/]sfn] /fhgLlt clxn] g lht g xf/sf] bf];fFwdf 5 .

s] xf]nf t lgsf; <xfdL nf]stflGqs o'udf 5f}+ . s'g} of]Uo gfos cfP/ xfdLnfO{ of] b'b{zfaf6 d'Qm ul/b]nf eg]/ kv]{/ a:g ;ls+b}g . Pp6f cof]Uo /fhf jf zf;s x6fpg csf]{ s'g} /fhs'df/ jf gfosn] t/af/sf] zlQmn] /Qmkft dRrfP/ u2L xTofpg] o'u clxn] 5}g . bnx¿sf] z'4Ls/0f ug{ bnleqs} l;4fGtlgi7, Odfgbf/ / of]Uo g]tf sfo{stf{n] cl3 a9\g'sf] ljsNk 5}g .

/fli6«o /fhgLltnfO{ ;Rofpg klg lgjf{rgdf hfg'sf] ljsNk 5}g . nf]stGqsf ljlw cfkm}+df k"0f{ / kof{Kt geP klg nf]stGqdf hgtf g} lg0ff{os x'g\ . hgtfn] lgjf{rgdf efu lng] bn / pDd]bjf/dWo]af6} ljsNk vf]Hg] x'g\ . slxn]sfxL+ tL ljsNk ;Lldt nfu] klg lrQ a'́ bf ltg}af6 5fGg], ga'́ bf efu glng] xf] .

To;}n] clxn]sf] clglZrt / ultxLg /fhgLltnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ k|lqmof lgjf{rg g} xf] . lgjf{rg x'Fbf dfq hgtfn] ldof]ljgf bfOF eO/x]sf] clxn]sf] kl/l:ylt abn]/ ldof] lgdf{0f ug{ ;S5g\ . To;f] x'Fbf dfq /fhgLltnfO{ ultzLn agfpg] u/L ldof] ;lxt bfOF x'g ;S5 .

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)36

cGtjf{tf{

;+ljwfg;ef lj36gkl5 tkfO{+ cfGbf]ngdf g]skf–dfcf]jfbL;Fu} x'g'x'GYof] . s] s'/f gldn]/ j}B dfcf]jfbL df]rf{af6 cnlUug'ef] < klxnf] s'/f, g]skf–dfcf]jfbL;Fu xfd|f] s'g} df]rf{aGbL ePsf] lyPg . ! r}tdf /fi6«kltaf6 hf/L c;+j}wflgs cfb]z lj?4 xfd|f] 5'§} ;+3Lo df]rf{ lyof] . ;+of]un] aGbsf] sfo{qmd Ps} lbg k/]5, s'/f TolQ xf] . pxfFx¿sf] kf]v/f a}7sn] hgljb|f]xaf6 hg;Qf :yfkgf ug]{ gLlt lnof], t/ xfdL of] nf]stGqsf] o'udf hgjfbL qmflGt jf ;QfsAhfsf] kIfdf 5}gf}+ . xfdL ! r}tsf] cWofb]z ;RofP/ ;+ljwfg;ef ug'{k5{ eG5f}+ . pxfFx¿ clxn] ;a} k|lqmof unt ePsfn] gofF ;/sf/ agfP/ cl3 a9\g] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . pxfFx¿ / xfd|f] af6f] g} km/s 5 . tkfO{+x¿n] lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f, /]UdLn] k|wfg GofofwLzaf6 /fhLgfdf lbg'kg]{ nufotsf dfu klg t p7fpg'ePsf] lyof] lg < tL dfux¿ clxn] klg 5f]8]sf 5}gf}+ . xfdL $ d+;L/df r'gfj x'g] zt{df tL dfux¿ yftL /fv]/ cufl8 a9]sf xf}+ . Tof] ldltdf r'gfj ePg eg] nf]stGq, ;+3Lotf, wd{lg/k]Iftf cflb ;a} vt/fdf kg]{ ;DEffjgf ePsf] x'Fbf nf]stGqsf] d"Nodf tL d'2fx¿ :ylut u/]sf dfq xf}+ .

tkfO{+x¿sf dfudWo] s]–s] k"/f eP t < xfdLn] /fi6«kltåf/f hf/L c;+j}wflgs cWofb]zaf6 36fOPsf] ;dfg'kfltstkm{sf] (% ;L6 oyfjt\ /fVg'kg]{, If]q lgwf{/0f / cfufdL ;+ljwfgsf] d"ne"t s'/fx¿df ;xdlt x'g'kg]{ s'/f p7fPsf lyof}+ . t/ If]q lgwf{/0fsf] ;jfndf g]kfnL sf+u|];, Pdfn] / dw]zL df]rf{ 6;d; gePkl5 xfdL

pk]Gb| ofbj, cWoIf, dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfn

Clif/fd s

§]n

…kf]v/fsf] nfOgn]

j}Bx?nfO{ l;WofpF5Ú

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)38

t'kmfg Gof}kfg], g]kfnu~h

l/kf]6{ ljBfno lzIff

!! / lj1fgdf @) dfq} cfpFbf klg kf; u/fOPsf] lyof] . sIff * df klg ul0ftdf #( / lj1fgdf $^ lbP/ kf; u/fOof] . sIff ( sf] ul0ftdf pgn] NofPsf] #@ dfq} 5 . !) sIffdf lzIfsn] k9fPsf] ul0ft / lj1fg s]xL ga'‰]sf] ;'lgn atfpF5g\ . k"/s k/LIffdf klg kf; x'g] lglZrt gePsf] atfpFb} pgL eG5g\, ækf; eP sfd ub}{ SofDk; k9\g] xf], km]n eP k9fO ;lsof] .Æ

;f]xL ljBfnosL ;'bLIff Gof}kfg] -!^_ n] P;Pn;Ldf lj1fgdf !$ dfq} cfPkl5 k"/s k/LIff lbPsL 5g\ . pgL lj1fg / ul0ftdf sIff ^ b]lv g} sdhf]/ lyOg\ . b'O{ ljifo;Dd nfu]sfnfO{ n]h/df ;a} ljifodf pQL0f{ b]vfP/ kf; u/fpg] ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] ldn]dtf]kl5 lgsflnPsf] gtLhfdf klg ;'bLIffsf] sIff * sf] ul0ftdf #( / lj1fgdf #@ dfq} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . @)^( df wDaf]hL pdfljaf6 P;Pn;Ldf ;xefuL () ljBfyL{dWo] lj1fgdf ^@, ul0ftdf ^@ / b'j}df %& ljBfyL{ cg'QL0f{ eP .

afFs] ;b/d'sfdsf] csf]{ 7"nf] ;fj{hlgs ljBfno d+unk|;fb pdfljaf6 P;Pn;L lbPsf dWo] !% k|ltzt dfq pQL0f{ eP . tLdWo] clwsf+z ul0ft, lj1fg / c+u|]hLdf km]n ePsf 5g\ . lhNnfe/af6 P;Pn;Ldf ;xefuL ^#(@ ljBfyL{dWo] ul0ftdf &((, lj1fgdf $!# / c+u|]hLdf $)) hgf cg'QL0f{ eP . d+unk|;fbsf k|frfo{ tyf ul0ft÷lj1fg lzIfs ;'zLn adf{ &% k"0ff{Ísf] ;jf b'O{ 306fsf] k|Zgkqsf] ef/ tLg 306fs} hlt ePsfn] w]/} ljBfyL{ km]n ePsf] atfpF5g\ . æTo;jfx]s cfˆgf] b/aGbL /x]sf] ljBfnodf lgoldt gk9fO{ lghL ljBfno rnfPsf lzIfsx¿nfO{

sdhf]/dfWolds txsf ljBfyL{df lj1fg / ul0ft ljifosf] 1fg lg/fzfhgs ¿kdf sdhf]/ x'Fb}5 .

cfwf/ g}

@)^( sf] P;Pn;Ldf b]ze/df lj1fgdf %% xhf/, ul0ftdf %) xhf/ / c+u|]hLdf

#! xhf/ ljBfyL{ km]n eP . @)–#) ;fpgsf] k"/s k/LIffdf Ps nfv @@ xhf/ %)% ljBfyL{ ;xefuL ePsf]df km]l/ klg clwsf+z lj1fg / ul0ftd} km]n x'g] cj:yf 5 . lj1fg / ul0ft ljifodf ljBfno lzIffsf] cfwf/ cToGt sdhf]/ ePsf]n] of] cj:yf cfPsf] xf] .

afFs] pbfx/0fd'n'ssf] dflj lzIffsf] of] gS;fdf afFs] lhNnfsf] cj:yf /fd|f] x'g] s'/} ePg . afFs], kmQ]k'/sf w|'j 3tL{ -!*_ ut P;Pn;Ldf lj1fgdf !) / ul0ftdf !* c+s NofP/ cg'QL0f{ eP . sIff % b]lv wDaf]hL pdfljdf k9]sf pgnfO{ @)^% ;fndf sIff ^ sf] k/LIffdf ul0ftdf km]n x'Fbf klg ljBfnon]

kf; u/fOlbPsf] lyof] . To; jif{ sIff ̂ sf !)^ ljBfyL{dWo] ul0ftdf &% / lj1fgdf @& hgf cg'QL0f{ ePsf] ljBfnosf] /]s8{n] b]vfpF5 .

sIff & sf] jflif{s k/LIffdf w'|jn] ul0ft / lj1fgdf qmdzM #& / #( NofP . sIff * sf] k/LIffdf …b'O{ ljifo;Dd nfu]sfnfO{ n]h/df kf; b]vfP/ sIff r9fpg]’ ;|f]t s]Gb|sf] uf]Ko gLlt cg';f/ w'|jnfO{ ul0ftdf #@ / lj1fgdf $^ lbOof] . P;Pn;Ldf ^ dxLgf 6\o';g k9\bf klg w'|jnfO{ b'j} ljifo nfUof] . k"/s lbg'cl3 Ps dxLgf 6\o';g k9]sf pgL eG5g\, æklxnfb]lv g} ufx|f] nfUYof], clxn] klg /fd|f] ePg .Æ

sIff & b]lv wDaf]hL pdfljdf k9]sf ;'lgn rf}w/L -!&_ sf] cj:yf klg p:t} xf] . P;Pn;Ldf lj1fgdf !# dfq cfPkl5 k"/s lbPsf pgnfO{ sIff & df ul0ftdf

@# ebf} @)&) | lxdfn 37

To;s} nflu lgjf{rg gx'g] kl/l:ylt gagf];\ eGg]tkm{ uof}+ . clxn] vfnL $ d+;L/df r'gfj xf];\ eGg]df 5f}+ . km]l/ klg egf}+, d+;L/sf] r'gfj / nf]stGqsf] /Iffsf nflu tL d'2fx¿ :ylut ul/Psf dfq x'g\ .

tkfO{+x¿sf] df]rf{ / rf/bnLo pRr:t/Lo ;ldltaLrsf] ;xdltn] r'gfj ;'lglZrt ePsf] xf] < To;n] r'gfjsf] jftfj/0f agfPs} xf] . ;xdltn] r'gfjsf] cfwf/ tof/ ul/lbPsf] 5 .

tkfO{+nfO{ r'gfj x'G5 eGg] nfU5 < s]xL cK7\of/fx¿ 5g\ . h:tf], j}BhLx¿n] r'gfj alxisf/ u5f}{+ elg/xg'ePsf] 5, sf]xL …PDa';Ú yfK5f}+ elg/x]sf 5g\ . r'gfjdf efu lng], alxisf/ ug]{ / PDa'; yfKg] tLg} kIf oxfF 5g\ . t/, r'gfjsf] ljsNk 5}g . r'gfj ePg eg] To;sf] ljsNk s] t < clxn] s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo lgsfo;Dd sd{rf/Lx¿sf] e/df 5 . hgtfsf] k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf :yfkgfsf nflu klg r'gfj rflxPs} 5 . To;sf/0f, d'n'ssf] eljionfO{ Vofn ub}{ j}BhLx¿ klg r'gfjdf cfpg'k5{ . pxfFx¿n] !) jif{ n8fO{+ ug'{ePs} xf], t/ cflv/df lbNnLdf !@ a'Fb] ;D‰ff}tf ug}{ k¥of] . pxfFx¿sf s]xL hfoh dfux¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ r'gfjdf ;xefuL u/fpg] jftfj/0f agfpg'k5{ . xfdLn] ;D‰ff}tf ubf{ klg ;a}nfO{ r'gfjdf ;xefuL u/fpg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'{k5{ eg]sf 5f}+ . Tof]eGbf klxnfsf] cj:yf ;D‰fg'x'G5 eg] cfh d'n's r'gfjsf] lbzfdf uO;s]sf] 5, s]xL cK7\of/fx¿ eP klg .

tkfO{+x¿n] klg y'k|} r/0fdf jftf{ ug'{eof] / ;xdltdf k'Ug'eof], t/ j}B;Fusf] jftf{ lsg ;kmn ePg < pxfFx¿sf] nfOg g} km/s 5 . t/, kf]v/f a}7ssf] nfOgn] cGttf]uTjf pxfFx¿nfO{ g} l;WofpF5 . xfdL t uNtL ;RofP/ r'gfjdf hfg'k5{ eg] kIfdf k¥of}+ lg Û pxfFx¿leq klg r'gfjsf] kIfdf 7"n} hdft 5 / …km]; ;]leªÚ vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . To:tf] jftfj/0f ;a}n] agfOlbg' klg k5{ .

j}BhLx¿sf] d'2f slQsf] hfoh h:tf] nfU5, tkfO{+nfO{ < pxfFn] p7fPsf d'2fdWo] slt clxn] k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 sltsf] nflu kv{g'k5{, ;do rflxG5 . ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgnfO{ an k'Ug] dfux¿ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . ;+ljwfg;ef 5f8]/ cGoq} hfg] dfux¿nfO{ hfoh eGg ldNb}g .

j}B dfcf]jfbLsf] lgotd} vf]6 5 eGg ;lsG5 <vf]6 eGbf klg pxfFx¿nfO{ kf6L{leqs} ;d:ofn] lk/f]ln/x]sf] b]lvG5 . Pp6f kIf r'gfjdf hfg'x'Fb}g eG5, csf]{ hfg'k5{ eGg] 5 . r'gfjdf hfg] xf] eg] klxnf kf6L{ km'6fpg'sf] cf}lrTo k'li6 u/ eGg] 5 . pxfFx¿n] of] ;a s'/fnfO{ lrg{ ;Sg'k5{ . ;d:of ToxL+ 5 .

kf]v/f a}7ssf] nfOg 5f8]/ pxfFx¿ hfoh d'2fx¿df cfpg] ;Defjgf slQsf] b]Vg'x'G5 < ;Defjgf g} 5}g t elGbgF .

To;sf] s'g} ;+s]t kfpg'ePsf] 5 < ev{/} dfq pxfFx¿n] ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf v]lnlbg'k¥of] eg]/ /fi6«kltnfO{ 1fkgkq a'‰ffpg'ePsf] 5 . To;sf] leqL dg;fo r'gfjdf efu lng] g} xf] . t/, kf6L{leq ;d:of 5 .

aflx/ ;d:of 5}g < s;}n] pxfFx¿nfO{ /f]ls/fv]sf] 5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb}g .

hxfFaf6 km'6]/ uPsf] xf], ToxfFaf6 lg < pgLx¿ rfxFb}gg\ eg] t j}BhLx¿ ‰fg\ r'gfjdf cfpg'kg]{ xf] lg Û To:tf] xf] eg] j}BhLx¿ r'gfjaf6 efUg'kg]{ sf/0f g} 5}g . pgLx¿ j}BhLx¿nfO{ r'gfjeGbf aflx/ /fv]/ sdhf]/ agfpg rfxG5g\ eg] r'gfjdf cfP/ j}BhLx¿n] if8oGq lrg{ ;Sg'k5{ .

r'gfj lhTg] cfzf geP/ xf] ls < x]g'{;\, r'gfj eg]sf] nf]stflGqs cEof; xf] . hgtfn] dg k/fPsf] k|ltlglw 5fGbf s;}n] xfg]{ jf lhTg] x'Fb}g .

r'gfj ldlt ;fg'{kg]{, gofF ;/sf/ agfpg'kg]{, ;+ljwfgsf cGtj{:t'df ;xdlt ug'{kg]{ / r'gfj k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts x'g'kg]{ h:tf c8fgaf6 ;xdlt xf]nf t < ;+ljwfgsf] cGtj{:t'df ;xdlt x'g'kg]{ c8fgdf xfd|f] klg ;xdlt 5 . k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts t xfd|f] dfu} lyof], t/ xfdLn] To;nfO{ %*M$@ sf] cg'kftdf 6'+Uofof}+ . kl5 km]l/ 36fOof], xfdLn] km]l/ ;N6\ofof}+ .

tkfO{+n] j}B dfcf]jfbL gcfP r'gfj x'Fb}g eGg'ePsf] lyof] lg < d}n] j}Bljgfsf] r'gfj ;xh x'Fb}g eg]sf] lyPF, cfh klg To;} eG5' . To;}n], ;a}n] s] slt Tofu ug{ ldN5 u/f}+ .

j}B dfcf]jfbL gcfP s]–cK7\of/f /xG5g\ < klxnf] t r'gfjL jftfj/0fd} s]xL c;xhtf x'G5 . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofaf6 Pp6f ;d"x cnu /xG5 . To;sf] :jLsfo{tfdf k|Zg p7\nf . Tof] cj:yfdf klg b'Mv hgtfn] g} kfpg] xf] .

tkfO{+n] b]Vg'ePsf] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ r'gfjdf Nofpg] pkfo s] xf] < uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng u/]/ ;+ljwfgsf] cGtj{:t'dfly ;xdlt ug{ ;lsG5 . ;/sf/k|d'v kl/jt{g gu/L bnx¿af6 dGqL /fVg ;lsG5 . To;af6 pxfFx¿sf] …km]; ;]leªÚ eP/ r'gfjdf efu lng] jftfj/0f aG5 .

uf]nd]r / dGqL km]/abnaf6 dfcf]jfbL r'gfjdf cfpg] lglZrt x'G5 t < lglZrt eGbf klg af6f] vf]lnlbg] s'/f xf] . Tolt t ug'{k¥of] lg Û

clxn] s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo lgsfo;Dd sd{rf/Lx¿sf] e/df 5 . hgtfsf] k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf :yfkgfsf nflu klg

r'gfj rflxPs} 5 . To;sf/0f, d'n'ssf] eljionfO{ Vofn ub}{ j}BhLx¿ klg r'gfjdf

cfpg'k5{ .

@# ebf} @)&) | lxdfn 39

sf/afxL ug{ ;s] o:tf] lg/fzfhgs gtLhf ;'wfg{ ;lsG5Æ, k|frfo{ adf{ eG5g\ .

wDaf]hL pdfljsL k|frfo{ ls/0f cfrfo{ k|fylds txd} sdhf]/ ePsf ljBfyL{nfO{ dfljdf ;'wfg{ ufx|f] ePsf] atfpFl5g\ . () k|ltzt ljBfyL{ lgDg cfo ePsf kl/jf/af6 cfpg] x'gfn] pgLx¿dfly u'hf/fsf] ef/ ;d]t /xFbf pgLx¿sf] k9fOsf] :t/ ;'wfg{ sl7g

ePsf] pgsf] egfO 5 . ælgoldtsf] eGbf sl7g k|Zg cfPsfn] o;kflnsf] k"/s k/LIffdf klg w]/} ljBfyL{ cg'QL0f{ x'g] b]lvG5Æ, k|frfo{ ls/0f elG5g\ .

ul0ft / lj1fg ljifodf ljBfyL{x¿ tNnf] txaf6} cToGt sdhf]/ x'Fb} uPsf] lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] jflif{s cf};t z}lIfs pknlAwn] b]vfpF5 . h:tf], sIff ̂ –* sf] cf};t z}lIfs pknlAw #( 5 eg] ul0ftsf] #$ dfq . o;}u/L, sIff ( sf] cf};t pknlAw #( 5 eg] lj1fgsf] #( / ul0ftsf] #) . sIff !) sf] cf};t z}lIfs pknlAw #@ 5 eg] lj1fgsf] #) / ul0ftsf] !( dfq 5 .

g lzIfs g k|of]u sIff * ;Dd a'6jn, ( sIff sf7df8f}+ / sIff !) wDaf]hL pdfljdf k9]/ P;Pn;L lbPsL ;'dg rf}w/Ln] lj1fgdf !( / ul0ftdf @& dfq} Nofpg ;lsg\ . a'6jn, sf7df8f}+ / g]kfnu~h tLg} 7fpFdf Ps k6s klg k|of]ufTds sIffdf ;xefuL x'g gkfPsL pgL tLg} 7fpFsf] @% k"0ff{Ísf] k|of]ufTds k/LIffdf eg] kf; ePsL lyOg\ . afFs]sf &@ ;fd'bflos dfljdWo] clwsf+zdf k|of]uzfnf 5}gg\ eg] ePsfdf klg k|of]ufTds sIff x'Fb}gg\ . d+unk|;fb pdfljsf k|frfo{ adf{n] ;DalGwt ljifosf] lzIfs gkfpFbf h'g ;'s} ljifo k9]sfnfO{ klg lng'kg]{ afWotf /x]sf]n]

k|of]u u/fpg g;lsPsf] atfP . ef}ltszf:qsf k|fWofks 8f= pbo/fh

vgfn kf7\o;fdu|L k|of]ud'vL gx'Fbf k|of]ufTds ljifodf lagf cfwf/ kf; u/fpg] rng a9]sf] atfpF5g\ . bnLo lzIfs lgo'lQmnfO{ ljBfno lzIffdf lj1fg sdhf]/ x'g'sf] sf/0f 7fGg] k|fWofks vgfn o;nfO{ k|of]ud'vL agfpg'sf] ljsNk gePsf] atfpF5g\ . t/, eg]/ s] ug'{, %) ljBfyL{ a/fa/ Ps hgf lzIfs x'g'kg]{ / ljBfyL{ ;+Vof sd eP klg ljifout lzIfs lgo'Qm ug'{kg]{ lzIff lgodfjnL eP klg afFs]sf #$ dfljdf ul0ft / lj1fg lzIfs g} 5}gg\ . lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf dflj–lgdflj ;+:yfut ljBfno kmfF6sf k|fljlws ;xfos vu]Gb| dNnsf cg';f/, afFs]df dflj txdf :jLs[t b/aGbL !%@ / /fxt b/aGbL %# u/L @)% b/aGbL eP klg !^# lzIfs ck'u 5g\ .

lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u, lzIff P]g / lgodfjnL cg';f/ lzIffzf:q gk9]sfn] lzIfs nfO;]G; kfpFb}gg\ . lj1fg lzIfs x'g aLP:;L / Psjif]{ aLP8 u/]/ nfO;]G; lng'k5{ . t/, aLP:;L u/]sfx¿ of] ‰G‰6lt/ gnfuL cGo If]qlt/ hfg] x'gfn] of]Uo JolQmx¿ lzIf0fdf cfpg /f]lsPsf 5g\ . eO/x]sf lj1fg lzIfs ;?jf x'Fbf jf ;]jf lgj[Q ePkl5 kb l/Qm x'G5, t/ gofF lzIfs gkfOg] l:ylt b]ze/ 5 .

ljBfnodf dflj lzIfs lzIfs ljBfno

$ !% # ! @ $ ! !!

@)^( df P;Pn;Ldf b]ze/ km]n

lj1fgdf %% xhf/

ul0ftdf %) xhf/

c+u|]hLdf #! xhf/

k/LIffyL{M ^#(@

ul0ftdf cg'QL0f{ &((

lj1fgdf cg'QL0f{ $!#c+u|]hLdf cg'QL0f{ $))

af“s]

x'g}k5{%) ljBfyL{ a/fa/ ! lzIfs

! ljifodf ! lzIfs

! dfljdf sDtLdf % dflj lzIfs

gf/fo0f pdflj ;b/nfOgdf ul0ft ljifo k9\b} .

t'kmfg Gof}kfg]

#$ lj1fg / ul0ftsf lzIfsgePsf ljBfno ;+Vof

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)40

l/kf]6{ afn lzIfft:jL/x?

M lzj/fh

of]uL .

sf 7df8f}+, d}tLb]jL a:g] l;Gw'nLsL ;'lgtf bfxfnnfO{ j|t a:g'kg] { ePsfn] d+unaf/ laxfg 5f]/f5f]/L :s"n k'¥ofpg xtf/ k5{ . pgL /fd|/L lx+8\g g;Sg] ;f9] b'O{ jif{sL 5f]/L / z'4;Fu af]Ng ghfGg] kfFrjif]{ 5f]/f]nfO{ d}tLb]jLsf] bz{g u/]/ ( ah] :s"n k'Ug] u/L vfgf v'jfO;lS5g\ . olt slnnf] pd]/df 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ :s"n egf{ u/]sL bfxfn elG5g\, æ5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ :s"n k'¥ofPkl5 lbgel/ 9'Ssn] sfd ug{ ldn]sf] 5 .Æ

bf]nvf rl/sf]6sL tf/f vqL klg ;f9] tLgjif]{ 5f]/f] / kfFr jif{sL 5f]/LnfO{ x/]s laxfg :s"n k'¥ofpFl5g\ . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ s'g pd]/df ljBfno k7fpg' pko'Qm x'G5 eGg] yfxf geP klg ;fg}df k9fOPg eg] kl5 k5'tfpg'knf{ eg]/ 8/fPsL vqL c¿n] klg To;} u/]sf] atfpFl5g\ . ut !* jif{b]lv lzIff k]zfdf ;+nUg 3§]s'nf]sf eLd uf}td zxl/of hLjgdf Psn aGb} uPsf] kl/jf/df gfgLafa' v]nfP/ a:g] km';{b gx'Fbf lzz' cj:yfd} :s"n k7fpg] rng a9]sf] atfpF5g\ . uf}td eG5g\, æaRrfaRrLn] s]xL l;S5g\ klg, t/ dgf]j}1flgs cj:yf /fd|f] x'Fb}g .Æ

lzz'nfO{

;f:tLljleGg afWotfsf] axfgfdf c9fO jif{ k'Ubf gk'Ub} 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ :s"n k7fpg] cleefjsx¿ cfkm\gf ;Gtfgsf] slnnf] dl:tisdf kl//x]sf] c;/af/] a]va/ 5g\ .

lzj/fh of]uL

@# ebf} @)&) | lxdfn 41

hGdFbf hGdFb} 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ljBfno k7fpg tD;g] cleefjsx?n] ca :yflkt dfGotfeGbf pN6f]af6 ;f]Rg'kg]{ j]nf ePsf] 5 .Æ

8f= u+uf kf7s

zxl/of cf8Da/afnaflnsfnfO{ ;fg}df :s"n egf{ ug] { rngsf k5fl8 zxl/of hLjgsf] s]xL afWotf, cf8Da/ / w]/} c1fgtf sf/s /x]sf] lzIffljb\ 8f= ljBfgfy sf]O/fnfsf] ljZn]if0f 5 . t/, lzz' cj:yfd} k9fOsf] ef/ vk]sf afnaflnsfdf kl5 uP/ sfdk|lt nugzLn gx'g], cg'zf;gxLg x'g], ;fgf] s'/fdf rsf]{ k|ltlqmof hgfpg] h:tf ;d:of a9L x'g] 8f= sf]O/fnfsf] egfO 5 . æclwsf+z cleefjsdf o:tf] r]t 5}g, g]kfnL ;dfhdf Jojxf/–;+:sf/ lalu|of]Æ, 8f= sf]O/fnf eG5g\, æca t afnaflnsfdfly dfgl;s ck/fw ug]{ rng ;+:yfut eO;Sof] .Æ

g]zgn OlGi6Ro"6 ckm ;fOsf]nhL -PgcfO{kL_ sL lgb]{zs 8f= uËf kf7s ;dfhsf :j3f ]lift ljåfgx¿ g} afn dgf]lj1fgk|lt ;+j]bgzLn gx'Fbf of] cj:yf cfPsf ] atfp F l5g \ . pgsf cg';f/, o"/f]k / cd]l/sfdf kfFr jif{ k"/f gu/]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ :s"n egf{ ug{ kfOFb}g . b'O{–tLg jif{d} :s"n k7fpg'nfO{ Ps vfnsf] ck/fw 7fGg] 8f= kf7s %–^ jif{ gk'uL afnaflnsfsf] dfgl;s k|lqmof -;fOsf] df]6/_ sf] ljsf; g} gx'g] atfpFl5g\ .

kf7ssf cg';f/, Tof] ;do eg]sf] afnaflnsfn] afh]aHo} jf afa'cfdfsf] sfvdf cIf/ lrGg] ;do xf] . t/, g]kfndf afn clwsf/ / afn lzIffsf] cg'udg tyf lgodg gePsfn] 3/–3/, :s"n–:s"ndf lzz'x¿dfly HofbtL ePsf] kf7s atfpFl5g\ . o; qmddf Rofp;/L dG6];/L, Kn]u|'k, rfON8 s]o/ ;]G6/x¿ v'n]sf 5g\ . zx/L cleefjsx¿

5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ;fg}df :s"n gk7fpg]n] xf]Og, k7fpg]n] eljiodf k5'tfpg'kg]{ 8f= kf7s atfpFl5g\ . k9fOsf] gfddf lzz' cj:yfdf a9L dfgl;s oGq0ff kfpg] afnaflnsf kl5 uP/ l/;fxf, ‰u8fn', p208 x'g], ‰"6 af]Ng], :s"n a+s ug]{, 8«k cfp6 x'g], gzfn' kbfy{ ;]jgdf ;fd]n x'g], c;fdflhs x'g] nufotsf vt/fdf a9L kg]{ kf7ssf] egfO 5 . pd]/ eGbf 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L yf]kl/Psf / afa'cfdfaf6 6f9f /flvPsf afnaflnsf a9\b} hfFbf cfTdljZjf;sf] sdL x'g], nfu]sf] s'/f eGg g;Sg] / lj:tf/} lg/fz aGb} hfg] ;d:of b]lvPsf] pgL atfpFl5g\ .

b'O{ jif{sf] pd]/df Kn]u|'kdf /flvPsf /fhwfgLsf] Ps ;De|fGt kl/jf/sf afnsdf r~rntf sd x'Fb} uPsf] kf7s atfpFl5g\ . kf}li6s vfgf / c:ktfnb]lv ‰f/km's ubf{ klg gePkl5 cfˆgf] ;Dks{df cfOk'u]sf tL afns / pgsf cleefjssf] ;d:of xn ug{ Ps dxLgf nfu]sf] dgf]lj1 kf7sn] atfOg\ .

pN6f] af6f]Pzf]lzP;g ckm dG6];/L OG6/g]zgnsL ;b:o 6]«gL 6fO;gn] æg]kfndf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / afn dgf]lj1fgnfO{ sfd nfUg] 1fgu'gsf ;fdu|L ePsf dG6];/L / rfON8 s]o/ ;]G6/ gkfPsf]Æ atfOg\ . t/, Psn kl/jf/df /dfpg vf]Hg] / cfw'lgstf k|bz{gdf nfnflot cleefjsx¿df ljleGg axfgfdf afnaflnsfnfO{ pd]/} gk'uL dG6];/Ldf yGSofOlbg] rngn] km]zgsf] ¿k lnPsf] lzIffljb\ 8f= sf]O/fnf atfpF5g\ .

^ jif{ k'u]/ ljBfno uPsf afnaflnsf / To;cl3 g} :s"n xflnPsf gfgLx¿sf] t'ngfTds cWoog geP klg bf ]; | f ] lsl;dsf afnaRrfdf ePsf ] Ifdtf k|:km'6g x'g'sf] ;f6f] blaP/ hfg] hf]lvd a9L x'G5 eGg ;lsg] 8f= sf]O/fnf atfpF5g\ . dgf]lj1 kf7s tf]t]af]nLdf c+u|]hL af]lnlbP b+u kg]{ …cfw'lgsÚ cleefjsx¿ To; qmddf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] ef]Ug] dgf]j}1flgs bafasf] dtna gug]{ atfpFl5g\ . æhGdFbf hGdFb} 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ljBfno k7fpg tD;g] cleefjsx¿n] ca :yflkt dfGotfeGbf pN6f]af6 ;f]Rg'kg]{ j]nf ePsf] 5Æ, dgf]lj1 kf7s elG5g\, æ;/sf/af6 klg t'?Gt xfnsf] afn lzIffsf] ;dLIff x'g'k5{ .Æ

To:tf] 7fpFdf cfˆgf gfgLx¿nfO{ /fv]/ km';{b lgsfNg'nfO{ ;De|fGtkg 7fG5g\ . o;sf] b]vfl;vL /fhwfgLaf6 lhNnf / ufpF;Dd ‰flËb}5, h;sf] kl/0ffd 8/nfUbf] x'g] lj1x¿sf] wf/0ff 5 .

klAns ;]s]G8/L :s"n 3§]s'nf]df cWoog/t afnaflnsf .

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)42

;'?cft / cjlwM tLg jif{;Dd ;~rfng x'g] u/L o;} jif{ -@)&)_ b]lv sfo{qmd z'? .

klxnf] jif{M $) lhNnfsf @)) uflj;sf s/La *)) s[ifs ;d"x÷;xsf/L ;d]6\g] .

pTkfbg j[l4M k|lt uflj; Go"gtd !)) x]S6/df sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ @),))) 6g a9\g] . $),))) ls;fg kl/jf/ nfeflGjt x'g] .

pGgt aLpM -/fdk'/ !, u0f]z @, dgsfdgf !, dgsfdgf % hft_ sf] k|of]u ubf{ k|ltx]S6/ Go"gtd # 6gb]lv ^=^ 6g;Dd pTkfbg a9\g] .

cg'bfgM kxf8df hf]Tg, aLp v/Lb, 9'jfgL, ds} k|ljlw tfnLd, 5f]8fpg] dzLg / lqkfndf %)Ü b]lv ztk|ltzt;Dd cg'bfg kfpg] .

sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g] lhNnfk"jf{~rnM Onfd, kfFry/, t]x|y'd, wgs'6f, ef]hk'/, vf]6fª, cf]vn9'+uf

/ pbok'/ .

dWodf~rnM bf]nvf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s,

/fd]5fk, l;Gw'nL, sfe|]knf~rf]s,

eQmk'/, nlntk'/, g'jfsf]6, wflbª /

dsjfgk'/ .

klZrdf~rnM uf]/vf, ndh'ª, sf:sL,

kj{t, :ofª\hf, kfNkf, DofUbL, afUn'ª,

u'NdL / c3f{vfFrL .

dWoklZrdf~rnM ?s'd, /f]Nkf, Ko"7fg, ;Nofg, hfh/sf]6, b}n]v / ;'v]{t .

;'b"/klZrdf~rnM bfr'{nf, c5fd, 8f]6L, a}t8L / 88]Nw'/f .

;/sf/L of]hgf

xfn g]kfndf ds} pTkfbg

( nfv x]S6/df @@ nfv 6g

s[lifof]Uo hdLgdWo] ds} v]tL&!Ü kxf8 . !*Ü t/fO{ .!!Ü pRr kxf8

ds} pTkfbgdf cu|0fL lhNnfOnfdM #!,$*), vf]6fªM @%,))) / ef]hk'/M @$,&() x]S6/

sd pTkfbg lhNnfx'Dnf !!@ / dgfª !&% x]S6/

cfoft@)^&÷^*M ?= @=@& ca{@)^*÷^(M ?= #=&) ca{ ds}sf]

pTyfg g]kfndf …vfP ds}, gvfP ef]s}Ú eGg] egfO x/fpFb} hfFbf of] vfBfGgsf] cfoftdf caf}{+

gub ljb]lzg yfn]sf] 5 .

s[lif

g]kfndf ds} bf];|f] k|d'v vfBfGg afnL xf] . b]zsf] s'n !%=% nfv x]S6/ hdLgdf %) nfv 6g wfg pTkfbg eO/x]sf] 5 eg] gf}nfv x]S6/df s/La @@ nfv 6g ds} . To;kl5sf k|d'v cGgafnL qmdzM ux'F, sf]bf], hf} / kmfk/ x'g\ . ds} ef}uf]lns lx;fan] dWokxf8L If]qsf] k|d'v afnL xf] . ;/sf/L tYof+s cg';f/, ds} pTkfbgdf Onfd, vf]6fª / ef]hk'/ qmdzM klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] lhNnf /x]sf 5g\ . x'Dnf / dgfªdf ;aeGbf sd ds} nufOG5 .

oBlk, vfBfGgsf] ¿kdf ds}sf] k|of]u 36]/ kz' cfxf/f agfpg] rng a9];Fu} cfoftdf caf}{ + /sd vr{g' k/]sf] 5 . of] l:yltk|lt ;hu ePsf] ;/sf/n] t/fO{–dw]zdf ;~rflnt ds} pTkfbg cleofg yk !^ lhNnfdf lj:tf/ ub}{ kxf8df a[xQ/ sfo{qmd rnfpg] hdsf]{ u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] dWokxf8L If]qsf] vfB ;'/Iffdf 6]jf lbg / bfgf pBf]ux¿sf] cfjZostf k"/f ug{ of] cfly{s jif{df $) lhNnfdf ds} pTkfbg sfo{qmd rnfpg] ah]6d} pNn]v 5 . ca pGgt ds} k|ljlwnfO{ Kofs]hsf] ¿kdf lj:tf/ u/]/ pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fpg] ;/sf/sf] of]hgf 5 . of] sfo{qmd lsg klg cTofjZos ePsf] 5 eg] ut jif{ aLp ds} cfoftdf dfq ?=!^ s/f]8 vlr{g' k¥of] .

@# ebf} @)&) | lxdfn 43

t'n;L uf}td

ds}sf] dfg /fVg] sfo{qmddWokxf8L If]qsf] vfB ;'/Iffdf ds}sf] dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg 5 . t/, rfdn kfP;Dd ds} gvfg] rng a9\bf vfB ;+:yfgn] tL If]qdf cg'bfgsf] rfdn cf];f/]sf] cf];f¥o} 5 . otf, cf}Bf]lus cfjZostf wfGg ef/t -() k|ltzt_, rLg / l;+ufk'/b]lv ch]{lG6gf;Ddsf ds} dxFuf]df cfoft ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)^&÷^* df ?=@ ca{ @& s/f]8 / cfj @)^(÷&) df ?=# ca{ &) s/f]8 eG;f/ d"Nosf] ds} cfoft ePsf] tYof+s s[lif ljsf; dGqfno;Fu 5 . of] ;fn …a8{̂ n"Ú dxfdf/Ln] s'v'/f Joj;fo w/fzfoL ePsf] k|efj ds} cfoftdf x]g{ eg] csf]{ jif{;Dd kv{g'k5{ .

g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ -gfs{_ af6 ds}sf ljleGg hft ljsf; eP klg To;df dWokxf8L ls;fgsf] kx'Fr sd 5 . Psflt/ lhNnfx¿df ;+rflnt aLp pTkfbg sfo{qmdn] aLpnfO{ vfg] ds} ;/x a]Rg'k/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ ls;fgn] jif]{lg cfˆg} af/Lsf] aLp k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . pGgt aLp nufpFbf w]/} kmN5 eGg] hfg] klg lsg]/ aLp k|of]u gug'{n] ds}k|ltsf] x]kfxf ;f]r b]vfpF5 . pBdLx¿nfO{ ds}af6 :jflbnf, kf]lifnf / cfsif{s

pTkfbg x'G5 eGg] yfxf 5}g, ls;fgnfO{ cfF6f]–kL7f] afx]s c¿ kl/sf/ aG5 eGg] e]p 5}g . of] cj:yfdf bfgf pBf]usf nflu caf}{+sf] ds} cfoft ug'{k/]sf] 5 .

g]kfndf pGgt ds}n] *( k|ltzt 9fs]sf] tYof+s s[lif dGqfno;Fu 5, t/ x/]s tLg jif{df aLp gkm]bf{ pAhgL ;d:ofu|:t 5 . oBlk, ls;fgdf s]xL hfu/0f cfpg yfn]sf] tYof+sn] b]vfpF5 . h:tf], ;g\ @))& df s/La ^ k|ltzt aLp #÷# jif{df k|lt:yfkg ePsf]df @)!@ df s/La bf]Aa/ -!!=% k|ltzt_ k|lt:yfkg eof] . o:t}, !(*% df Ps x]S6/ -@) /f]kgL_ df !$@! lsnf] ds} pTkfbg ePsf]df @)!@ df cfOk'Ubf @%)) lsnf] ePsf] ;/sf/L tYof+sn] b]vfpF5 .

ls;fgx¿n] aLp v/Lb, 9'jfgL, ds} k|ljlw tfnLd, 5f]8fpg] dzLg / lqkfndf klg %) k|ltztb]lv !)) k|ltzt;Dd cg'bfg kfpg] 5g\ . x]lkPsf] cGgsf] pTkfbg

a9fpg ;/sf/n] NofPsf] ls;fgnfO{ xf}:ofpg] of] sfo{qmdn] /fd|f] kl/0ffd b]vfpg] cfzf ul/Psf] 5 . of] gLltsf] ultnf] sfof{Gjogn] ds}sf kl/sf/df ;'wf/ u/]/ vfB ;'/Iffdf 6]jf lbb} cfoft k|lt:yfkgsf] vfFrf] k"/f ug]{5 .

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)44

l/kf]6{ Osf] nfO6

gofF h]g]/]zgsf 5l/tf ;f}o{ aQLx¿ b]Vbf o;af/]df klxNo} lsg g;f]lrPsf] xf]nf h:tf] nfU5 . t/, klxn] k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ePsf] lyPg, kmf]6f]ef]lN6s ;]N;x¿ dxFuf lyP . /fte/sf] pHofnf]sf nflu lbge/ rfh{ ug'{kg]{ nL8 jf P;Pncf/ Aof6«Lx¿ w]/} ux|f}+ / 5f]6f] cfo'sf x'Gy] . k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] clxn] ;f}o{ aQLx¿ ;fgf, xn'Ëf, ;3g / ;xh ePsf 5g\ . k|ljlwn] ;8s, kfs{, cfFug, kfls{ª cflbsf] pHofnf]df qmflGt NofOlbPsf] 5 . ux|f}+ nL8 Aof6«Lsf] 7fpF lnlyodn] lnPkl5 clg kLeL Kofgn ;:tf] ePkl5 of] ;Dej ePsf] xf] .

ˆo"r/ u|Lg OghL{ 3/ aflx/sf] sDKofS6 ;f}o{ pHofnf]sf] ljz]if1 ;]jf lbg] gofF g]kfnL sDkgL xf] . oxfF kfOg] nfOl6ª l;:6dx¿ b]Vbf xfdL c‰} nL8 ;f]nf/ l;:6ddf c8\lsPsf]df cfZro{ nfU5 . gofF k|ljlwsf ;f]nf/ l;:6dx¿ u|fdL0f If]qeGbf klg zx/sf sfof{no / cfjf;sf nflu a9L pko'Qm 5g\ . g]kfnLn] sDtLdf c¿ kfFr jif{ nf]8;]l8ª Joxf]g'{kg]{ cj:yfdf ;f}o{ pmhf{ To;} klg jftfj/0f d}qL / pmhf{ artsf nflu dfq geO{ pHofnf]sf] Ps dfq ljsNk x'g k'u]sf] 5 . ˆo"r/ u|Lg OghL{sf /fhg /fodf‰L eG5g\, æ;f}o{ pmhf{sf] pkof]u ca pmhf{ ;+s6 ;dfwfgsf

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cfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L cg'bfgsf ;f}o{ aQLn] u|fdL0f If]qdf /fd|} ;'ljwf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ljB'tLs/0f gePsf ufpFx¿df 6]lnkmf]gsf 6fj/x¿ ;f}o{ pmhf{s} e/df 5g\, 7"nf / ux|'Ëf Aof6«L rflxg] kmf]6f]ef]lN6s l;:6ds} eP klg . ca eg] lj:tf/} o:tf lbgx¿ ;ls+b} uPsf 5g\ . lrlgofF sDkgL ln8;g\sf] kfFr jf6sf] ;8s aQL !) ldg]6d} kf]ndf h8fg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] dflyNnf] Kofgndf /x]sf] kLeL ;]N;n] To;d} hl8t lnlyod km:kmf]/; Aof6«LnfO{ lbge/ rfh{ u5{ / ;fF‰ k/]kl5 To;sf] :jrflnt PnO8L x]8;\n] cfkm}+ :jLr …cgÚ / laxfg cfkm}+ …ckmÚ u5{ . yf]/} kfj/af6 aln/xg] To;sf] …df];g ;]G;/Ú ;8ssf] ultljlwnfO{ …l86]S6Ú klg u5{ . …n'd]g kfj/Ú n] eGbf bz u'0ff sd pmhf{ vkt ug'{ o;sf] ;aeGbf ;'Gb/ kIf xf] -x]= 6]a'n_ .

kfls{ª / cfFugsf nflu klg pknAw o:tf sd d"No / jf6sf ;f]nf/ aQLdWo] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] Ps jf6sf] …Osf] nfO6Ú n] ^) jf6sf] ljB'tLo aNa hlQs} pHofnf] lbG5 . o;nfO{ 3/sf] leQfdf ;lhn} h8fg ug{ ;lsG5 . hDdf ?=@%)) kg] { of] l;:6ddf kLeL ;]n, lnlyod cfog Aof6«L,

rfh{/, df];g ;]G;/ nfO6 l86]S6/ ;lxt $×^×@ OGrsf] …j]b/ k|'kmÚ Kofgn h8fg ul/Psf] x'G5 . 3/sf nflu pko'Qm …nfOl6ª ;f]n';gÚ k|rlnt k|0ffnLnfO{ ;lhn} k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] lsl;dsf] 5 . o;sf 5l/tf] / a9L pkof]uL …cn Og jfg ;f]nf/ xf]d nfOl6ª sL6Ú df rf/ jf6sf tLg j6f aQL;Fu} df]afOn rfh{ ug{] …o'P;aL cfp6k'6 l8efO;Ú ;d]t x'G5 . o;nfO{ /fVg g 7"nf] 7fpF rflxG5 g t Aof6«L .

…cn Og jfg ;f]nf/ xf]d nfOl6ª sL6Ú eGbf cln 7"nf] l;:6ddf w]/} aQL afNg / Nofk6k rfh{ ug]{ ;'ljwf klg x'G5 . of] ax'pkof]uL l;:6d vf; u/]/ !$ 306] nf]8;]l8ªsf] df/df kg]{ zx/x¿sf nflu pko'Qm 5 . ˆo"r/ u|Lgsf cg'bfg /f0ff eG5g\, æo;af6 7"nf Aof6«Lsf] 9'jfgLdf nfUg] vr{ hf]luG5, nL8 ;]nsf] Joj:yfkg ubf{ jftfj/0fLo ;d:of cfpFb}g / lnlyod cfog Aof6«Lsf] cfo' klg nfdf] x'G5 .Æ

PnO8L x ]8 lnlyPd Aof6 « Ljfnf Kofgnsf] u'0f a'´g g;ls/x]sf] ;/sf/ / dxfgu/kflnsf eg] c‰} klg ef/Le/sd nL8 Pl;6]6 6\o'An/ Aof6«LnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul//x]sf 5g\ .

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/ sDkgLnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . Joj;foLdf‰ k | ltli7t …g ]zgn PlS;n]G; cjf8 { @)&)Ú df ax'/fli6«o sDkgL o'lglne/ 7"nf pBf]utkm{ pTs[i6 ePsf] 5 . …sGHo'd/ u'8\;Ú, …k;{gn s]o/Ú pTkfbs o'lglne/ b]zs} 7"nf pTkfbgd"ns pBf]udWo] Ps xf] . ;f]xL cj;/df Sj]:6 kmdf{:o'l6sN;nfO{ d‰f}nf:t/sf] / u]6 k]k/ O08i6«LhnfO{ ;fgf pBf]utkm{ pTs[i6 3f]lift ul/of] .

Joj;fodf nfdf] ;dob]lv ;lqmo k|efs/zdz]/ /f0ffnfO { …nfOkm6fOd clred]G6 cjf8{Ú af6 ;Ddfg ul/of] . /f0ff ;f]N6L xf]6n, ;"o{ 6f]jfsf], l;k|bL 6«]l8ª, cd/fjtL 6«feN;, tf/f Dofg]hd]G6 -ef]6]sf]zL hnljB't\_ nufotsf sDkgLsf ;+rfns x'g\ . g]kfnsf] ko{6g pBf]usf] ljsf;df pgsf] dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg 5 .

;f]xL cj;/df …lahg]; k;{g ckm lb Oo/Ú sf] pkflw ef6e6]gL ;'k/dfs]{6sf ;~rfns dLgaxfb'/ u'?ªnfO{ k|bfg ul/of] . ls/fgf k;nsf] hudf z'¿ u/]sf] Joj;fonfO{ tLg bzsleq} caf}{+df k'¥ofPsf u'?ªsf ^ j6f ;'k/dfs]{6df s/La @!)) hgfn] /f]huf/L

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AofÍ, aLdf / lzIf0f ;+:yfdf nufgL 5 .u|fxsnfO{ pTs[i6 ;]jf lbPsf] cfwf/df

5gf]6 ul/g] ;Ddfg 7"nf sDkgLaf6 ax'/fli6«o Pg;]nnfO{, d‰f}nfaf6 P8\efG; kf]lnlSnlgs / ;fgfaf6 Pkm jfg ;ˆ6nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] . Pg;]n jif{s} pTs[i6 a|f08 klg aGof] . pkef]Qmfsf] k|ToIf ef]6af6 5gf]6 x'g] …a]:6 a|f08 ckm lb Oo/Ú cjf8{df ax'/fli6«o a|f08af6 Pg;]n / :jb]zL a|f08af6 jfOjfO rfprfpnfO{ ;Ddflgt ul/of] .

dxf;+3sf] o'jf pBdLsf] ;Ddfg k'?iftkm{ k|an u'?ªn] kfPsf 5g\ . cd]l/sfdf sfo{/t km]zg l8hfOg/ u'?ª ;]lnla|6Lx¿sf] kf]zfs l8hfOg/ x'g\ . dlxnftkm{sf] o'jf pBdL ;Ddfg lglstf kf}8]n / ldnL >]i7nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] . …lkk'N; PlS;n]G; cjf8{Ú glan AofÍnfO{ k|bfg ul/of] . sd{rf/L ljsf; ljwfsf] cjf8{ l;k|bL 6«]l8ª / ;+:yfut ;~rfng / sfo{of]hgf ljsf;sf] cjf8{ a'6jn kfj/ sDkgLnfO{ k|bfg ul/of] .

dxf;+3n] x/]s b'O{ jif{df lbg] of] cjf8{ ;g\ @))! b]lv z'¿ ul/Psf] xf] . lghL If]qsf] k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yfn] lbg] of] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;Ddfg xf] . of] jif{sf] k|lt:kwf{df &) eGbf a9L sDkgL ;dfj]z lyP . dxf;+3sf] u'0f:t/ k|j4{g ;ldltsf ;efklt ;f}/e Hof]lt Joj;fodf …PlS;n]G;LÚ Nofpg of] ;Ddfg ;fy{s ePsf] atfpF5g\ . of] ;Ddfgn] ;kmn / :j:y Joj;fo ug{ pT;flxt ug]{ Hof]ltsf] egfO 5 .

kfPsf 5g\ . u'?ªn] lqlj lzIf0f c:ktfnsf] cfsl:ds sIf lgdf{0fb]lv b'u{dsf ljBfyL{nfO{ lrlsT;fzf:q k9\g 5fqj[lQ ;d]t lbPsf 5g\ . …Pgcf/Pg lahg]; k;{g ckm lb Oo/Ú sf] cjf8{ u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3sf ;+:yfks cWoIf pk]Gb| dxtf]nfO{ lbOof] . g]kfnaf6 cWoog ug{ tTsfnLg ;f]leot ;+3 k'u]sf dxtf]n] ¿; / j]nf¿;nfO{ s]Gb| agfP/ o"/f]k, clk|msfb]lv Plzof;Dd nufgL lj:tf/ u/]sf 5g\ eg] g]kfndf b"/;~rf/, c:ktfn, ;~rf/,

PkmPg;L;LcfO{ PlS;n]G;L cjf8{ cGtu{t Pgcf/Pg lahg]z k;{g cjf8{ pk]Gb| dxtf]nfO{ k|bfg ub}{ cy{dGqL z+s/ sf]O/fnf .

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l;4fy{ ljsf; Aofª\sn] s[lif shf{ ljt/0f z'? u/]sf] 5 . kz', df5f / df}/Lkfng, kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/L v]tL, gub]afnL pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg, h8La'6L tyf s[lifdf cfwfl/t x:tsnf / s[lif pks/0f v/Lb tyf cGo zLif{sdf Aofª\sn] ?=@% xhf/eGbf dfly shf{ lbg nfu]sf] xf] . Pe/]i6 Aofª\sn] a]:6 Dofg]H8 sdl;{on Aofª\s @)!# sf] cjf8{ kfPsf] 5 . Aofª\s Joj:yfksLo b[li6n] ;jf]{Ts[i6 3f]lift ePsf] xf] . Aofª\sn] ;+:yfut ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj cGtu{t >L hu?k ;fx /fdk'sf/ ;fx pRr dfWolds ljBfno hgsk'/nfO{ sDKo'6/ tyf k|of]uzfnfsf pks/0f k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . Aofª\sn] z'? u/]sf] ckgfcf}+–Ps–ljBfno cleofg cGtu{t 5flgPsf u|fdL0f If]qsf ;fj{hlgs tyf ;fd'bflos ljBfnonfO{ k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{5 . a}+s ckm sf7df08" / ;]e b lrN8«]Gfn] o'y;]e kl/of]hgf cGtu{t ;+rfng ub{} cfPsf] r]tgfd"ns …ljQLo lzIffÚ sfo{qmdaf6 !% xhf/ o'jf nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . lGfDg cfo ePsf / ljQLo ;]jfsf] kx'Fr aflx/sf o'jf tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ art tyf cGo Aofª\lsª sf/f]af/af/] ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s lzIff k|bfg ul/g] of] sfo{qmd Aofª\ssf @! zfvfaf6 ;+rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . ;+;f/f dgL 6«feN; / dxfnIdL kmfOgfG;n] /]ld6\ofG; ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;DaGwL ;D‰ff}tfdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf 5g\ . ca ljZjsf ljleGg b]zaf6 k7fPsf] /sd ;+;f/fsf b]zel/sf ! xhf/ *)) k|ltlglwsf cltl/Qm dxfnIdL kmfOgfG;sf cf7 zfvfaf6 t'?Gt kfpg ;lsg]5 .

;fd;'ª sf Sofd]/f ;fd;'ª sf] cflwsfl/s ljqm]tf lxd On]S6«f ]lgS;\n] tLg j6f gofF :df6{ Sofd]/f ahf/df NofPsf] 5 . 8An'aL @)) Pkm, P;6L !%) Pkm / P;6L &@

gfdsf oL Sofd]/fdf jfO{kmfO{, pRr h'd n]G; tyf yf]/} k|sfz ePsf] 7fpFdf klg /fd|f] kmf]6f] lvRg ;lsg] ;'ljwf ePsf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 . oL Sofd]/fsf] d"No qmdzM ?=@$,((), ?=!$,(() / ?=!#,(() 5 .

;LhL sf ldS:r/ ;LhL n] gofF /]~hsf b'O{ df]8nsf ldS:r/ u|fO08/ ahf/df NofPsf] 5 . :6Lng]; :6Lnaf6 ag]sf ldS:r/ u|fO08/sf efF8f cfsif{s l8hfOgsf 5g\ . Ps jif{sf] jf/]06L /x]sf] ;LhL PdhL ^%@ ldS:r/ / PdhL %)! ldS:r/sf] d"No qmdzM ?=% xhf/ %() / ?=# xhf/ *() 5 .

gubdf ub\ub\ Pg;]n n] …gubdf ub\ub\Ú gfds gofF of]hgf NofPsf] 5 . !) ebf}b]lv z'?

eO{ bz ;ftf;Dd rNg] of] of]hgfdf x/]s ;ftf Ps hgf efUozfnL u|fxsn] gub ?=!) nfv kfpg] 5g\ . of]hgfdf x/]s ;ftf Ps nfv u|fxsn] ?=%) sf] jf]g; Jofn]G; / yk Ps nfv u|fxsn] %) j6f lgMz'Ns P;PdP; kfpg] 5g\ . of]hgfdf ?=%) jf ;f]eGbf a9L d]g Jofn]G;af6 vr{ ug]{ u|fxs ;xefuL x'g]5g\ .

6LeLP; sf] kmf]lgS; !@%6LeLP; df]6/;fOsnsf] cflwsfl/s ljqm]tf ;LhL df]6f]qmkn] 6LeLP; kmf]lgS; !@% df]6/;fOsn ahf/df NofPsf] 5 . l8lh6n l:k8ld6/, l8:s a]|s, ;le{; l/dfOG8/, sd OGwgdf pTs[i6 lksck cflb ;'ljwfo'Qm !@% ;L;Lsf] of] df]6/;fOsn ofqfsf nflu pko'Qm ePsf] sDkgLsf] bfaL 5 . ljleGg /+udf pknAw df]6/;fOsnsf] d"No ?=! nfv ^( xhf/ ()) 5 .

/]8a'n sf gofF ljh]tf/ ]8a 'n Sof;km 'n of ]hgf cGtu{t ‰ffkfsf hos'df/ clwsf/Ln] gub ?=! nfv k'/:sf/ kfPsf 5g\ . o;cl3 b]zsf ljleGg If]qsf ;ft

hgfn] Ps÷Ps nfvsf] k'/:sf/ lhlt;s]sf 5g\ . c;f/ @)^( b]lv z'? of]hgfdf b]ze/sf !@)) eGbf a9L pkef]Qmfn] Ps xhf/, kfFr xhf/, !) xhf/ / @) xhf/ gub lhlt;s]sf 5g\ .

hf]gL jfs/ sf] cleofg hf]gL jfs/ n] hf]gL jfs/ 8an ANofssf] nflu gof F k|j4{g cleofg 8an b OG6]gl;6L z'? u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!@ af6 g]kfndf pknAw u/fOPsf] hf]gL jfs/ 8an ANofs cToGt :jflbnf] ePsf ] sDkgLsf ] bfaL 5 .

lelh6 dn]lzofdn]lzof e|d0f jif{ @)!$ sf] k|j4{g sfo{qmdsf ] 6'l/hd dn]lzofsf k|ltlglw cd/fg / g]kfnl:yt dn]lzog b"tfjf;sf k|ltlglw kb\nL clbNnfxn] sf7df8f}+df ;'?cft u/]sf 5g\ . dn]lzofn] b'O{ s/f]8 *) nfv ko{6s leq\ofpg] nIo ;lxt e|Df0f jif{sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . ljZj ko{6g ;+u7gsf cg';f/, dn]lzof ;+;f/s} a9L e|d0f ul/g] gjf}+ b]z xf] . ut jif{ dn]lzofdf @ s/f]8 %) nfv ko{6s k'u]sf lyP . e|d0f jif{sf nflu g]kfnaf6 dNn 6«feN;n] k|j4{g ug]{5 .

b/af/dfu{df gfOsljZjk|l;4 a|f08 gfOs n] b/af/dfu{l:yt ds{G6fOn ejgdf gofF zf]?d :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . gfOs sf] cflwsfl/s ljqm]tf PleGo"h dfs]{l6ªn] a|f08sf ;a} pTkfbg Ps}

7fpFdf pknAw u/fpg zf]?d :yfkgf u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 .

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/ dfgl;s oftgf lbP klg Ps dxLgf;Dd k|lt/f]w u/]/ hf]luPsf] atfpFl5g\ . 5'/L, v's'/L b]vfpFbf klg ToxfF cfpg] u|fxs;Fu ;'Tg gdfg]kl5 sf]7L ;+rfnsn] ef? ! nfv lnP/ csf{] sf]7Ldf a]lrlbPsf] ;D‰Fb} ;'lgtf elG5g\, æToxfF klg u|fxs;Fu ;'Tg gdfg]kl5 sf]7L ;+rflnsfn] ToxL+ sfd ug{] s]6fx¿nfO{ ;fd"lxs anfTsf/ ug{ nufOg\ .Æ

sf]7Lsf u|fxsdf ljb]zL, ef/tLo ;]gf, k|x/Lsf clws[t / Jofkf/Lx¿ x'Gy] . k};fjfn u|fxsn] cfkm";Fu} nu]/ Ps 306f latfPsf] ef? # ;ob]lv #—$ xhf/;Dd lbg] t/, sf]7Ldf cfpg] u|fxsn] ef? @) b]lv %) dfq lbg] u/]sf] pgL ;lD‰lG5g\ . pgL a;]sf] sf]7Ldf ( jif{sf aflnsfb]lv $% jif{sf g]kfnL / a+ufnL o'jtL w]/} lyP .

ef/tsf] dxf/fi6« ;/sf/n] Tof] j]nf pgL ;lxt %)) hgf o'jtLnfO{ j]Zofnoaf6 p4f/ u/]sf] lyof], h;dWo] @)) hgf g]kfnL lyP . tLdWo] !@* hgf ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf g]kfn cfOk'u], afFsL km]l/ j]Zofnod} kmls{P jf sxfF k'u] pgnfO{ ;D‰gf 5}g .

gofF ofqfj]Zofnoaf6 d'Qm eP klg ;'lgtf ;lxtsf !@* hgfnfO{ g]kfn kmls{g ;lhnf] ePg . P8\; h:tf 3fts ;?jf /f]u nfu]sf] x'g;Sg] tyf g]kfnL g} x'g\ eGbf OHht hfg] 7fg]/ tTsfnLg g]kfn ;/sf/n] pgLx¿nfO{ g]kfnL g} xf]Ogg\ eGb} :jLsfg{ ufx|f] dfg]sf] pgn] c‰} lal;{PsL 5}gg\ . afa'cfdf hDd"–sflZd/d} 5g\ jf kmls{P eGg] 6'+uf] gePsf] / c¿ cfkmGtn] d'DaO{af6 kms{]sf] eg]/ g:jLsfg{] sf/0f g]kfn kms{]kl5 klg a:g], vfg] / ;dfhdf 3'nldn x'g] ;d:of pgn] ef]Ug' k¥of] . To:tf] cK7\of/f] j]nf d'DaO{af6 ;Fu} kmls{Psf cfkm" ;lxt !@ hgfnfO{ cf>o lbg] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf cf]/]s g]kfnnfO{ pgL la;{g ;lSbgg\ .

t/, cf]/]sdf cf>o lnPsfdWo] & hgfnfO{ PrcfO{eL kf]h]l6e b]lvPkl5 eg] pgLx¿ aLrdf ?jfjf;L dlRrof] . Tof] j]nf cfkm"nfO{ ;DxfNg], afFRg] / cl3 a9\g] qmdd} ;'lgtf ;lxt ;fyLx¿n] zlQm ;d"x u7g u/] . gful/stf nufot sfuhkq gePsf] Tof] j]nf pgLx¿nfO{ cf]/]s g]kfnsL k|d'v 8f= /]0f' /fhe08f/Lsf] ;fy /Xof] . @)%$ df ljjfx u/]sL ;'lgtf @)^^ df P;Pn;L pQL0f{ u/]/ clxn] :gfts k|yd jif{df cWoog ub{}l5g\ .

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!$ jif{ 5Fbf j]Zofnodf k'¥ofOPsL ;'lgtf clxn] g]kfnL r]nLx¿nfO{ j]Zofno k'Ugaf6 /f]Sg] / k'u]sfx¿sf] p4f/ Pj+ k'g:yf{kgf ug{] cleofgsf] g]t[Tjstf{ ag]sL l5g\ . j]Zofnoaf6 kms{]sf pgL h:tf ldn]/ @)%& df :yfkgf ul/Psf] zlQm ;d"xn] /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf k|z+;f kfpFb} of] jif{ Plzofsf] k|ltli7t Dofuf;];] k'/:sf/ -%) xhf/ 8n/_ ;d]t kfPsf] 5 .

kL8fbfoL ljutsdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yfsf u+uf / rGb|snfsf !) ;GtfgdWo] Ps x'g\, ;'lgtf . /f]u, s'kf]if0f h:tf ;d:ofn] ^ ;Gtfgsf] d[To' ePkl5 ar]sf rf/ hgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ lnP/ ;'lgtfsf a'af—cfdf ef/tsf] hDd' sflZd/df cfn' v]tL ug{ uP . ToxfF k'u]sL kfFr jifL{of ;'lgtf !$ jif{ k'Ubfgk'Ub} lu6L s'6\g] dhb"/L ug{ yflng\ . ToxL j]nf lu6L lng cfpg] 6«ofS6/ rfns / pgsf ;fyLn] a]xf]z x'g] cf}iflw ld;fOPsf] ld7fO{ v'jfP/ d'DaO{sf] sf]7Ldf k'¥ofPsf] pgL ;lD‰lG5g\ .

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rf/bnLo ;+oGq / g]skf–dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] jftf{ cj?4 eP klg bnsf :yfgLo g]tf / gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx¿n] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng

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;xdltdf cfzfjfbL;r{ km/ sdg u|fpG8sf] ;xof]udf s~rgk'/sf] z'SnfkmfF6f PkmPdsf] /]l8of] ax; km/flsnf] wtL{df af]Nb} bnsf g]tf tyf gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx¿n] j}B dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf] ## bnLo df]rf{nfO{ r'gfjdf efu lng] jftfj/0f agfpg'kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . æ## bnLo df]rf{sf] ;xeflutf ljgfsf] r'gfjsf] dxŒj /xFb}gÆ ax;df ;xefuL g]kfnL sf+u|];sf g]tf o1/fh hf]zLn] eg] æo;n] lgsf; eGbf cGof]n lgDTofpF5 .Æ $ d+;L/sf nflu tf]lsPsf] r'gfj b'O{÷rf/ lbg k/ ;fb}{df s]xL lalu|+b}g eGb} g]tf hf]zLn] ;a} bn ;xefuL gePsf] r'gfj jf:tljs r'gfj x'g} g;Sg] atfP .

g]skf–dfcf]jfbL s~rgk'/sf g]tf ljlj:tf blxt …ljlkgÚ n] cfkm"x¿ r'gfj lj/f]wL gePsf] bfaL u/] . cfGtl/s ¿kdf r'gfjsf nflu s]Gb|nfO{ bafa lbO/x]sf] atfpFb} blxtn] eg] æxfdL r'gfj lj/f]wL xf]Ogf}+ .Æ rf/bnLo l;lG8s]6 / lvn/fh /]UdL g]t[Tjsf] …lgb{nLoÚ

;/sf/sf] lj/f]w ul//fv]sfn] 5nkmn gu/L r'gfjdf ;xefuL x'g cfkm"x¿nfO{ cK7\of/f] k/]sf] pgsf] egfO lyof] . s;}n] klg …d]/f] uf]?sf] afx|} 6SsfÚ eGg gx'g] eGb} blxtn] jftf{sf] 6]a'ndf a;]/ lgsf; lgsfNg ;lsg] atfP . ;a} bnsf] ;xeflutf ljgf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg ug'{ 7Ls gx'g] gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jf g/axfb'/ ;fpbsf] egfO lyof] . ;fpbn] eg] æ## bnLo df]rf{nfO{ aflx/ /fv]/ r'gfj ubf{ åGå lglDtg ;S5 .Æ ;a}nfO{ r'gfjdf ;xefuL u/fpg gful/s bafa cfjZos ePsf] eGb} ;fpbn] eg] æPs ;ftfleq ;xdlt geP bafad"ns sfo{qmd z'¿ ug]{5f}+ .Æ

lrtjgsf] l;ghL{ PkmPdsf] km/flsnf] wtL{df s'/f ub}{ g]skf–dfcf]jfbL lrtjgsf OGrfh{ u'0f/fh nf]xgLn] ljb]zLsf] Ozf/fdf ;QfkIfLo bnx¿n] uf]nd]r ;Dd]ng k"0f{ ¿kdf g:jLsf/]sf] cf/f]k nufP . 5nkmnaf6 ;xdltdf k'Ug ;lsg]df cfzfjfbL /x]sf nf]xgLn] eg] æjftf{df a:bf ;a} kIf nlrnf] x'g'k5{ .Æ

sf+u|]; g]tf ljsf; sf]O/fnfn] r'gfj u/fpg] zt{df jftf{ x'g'kg]{ atfP . ljutsf 36gf ;D‰Fb} clGtd If0fdf To:t} ;xdlt x'g] sf]O/fnfn] cfzf u/] . uf]nd]r ;Dd]ngaf6} lgisif{ lgsfn]/ r'gfj x'g]df cfkm" cfzfjfbL /x]sf] pgn] atfP . ax;df ;xefuL g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, lrtjgsf cWoIf hgs cof{nn] bnx¿ Odfgbf/ gx'Fbf b]z ;+s6df k/]sf] atfP .

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8fS6/ gfd abgfd s] xL lbgcl3 g]kfnsf 8fS6/x¿k|lt ljt[i0ff x'g] lsl;dsf] va/ 5flkof]– …cg'bfg s'DNofpg kf7]3/ l‰lsG5 .Ú h;k|lt k"/} ljZj:t eP/ ;xf/fdf uOG5 clg eujfg ;/x dflgG5, ltg} 8fS6/x¿ ;/sf/L cg'bfg xft kfg{s} nflu of] xb;Ddsf] lgs[i6tfdf cf]n{g ;Snfg\ < z'¿df t kTofpg} d'lZsn eof] . t/, gkTofpg' s;/L < lsgeg], kfFr ljsf; If]q ;d]6\g] u/L !% lhNnfdf eO/x]sf] cfª v:g] /f]usf] pkrf/df b]lvPsf] a]lyltsf] cg'udg u/]/ :jf:Yo dGqfnon] tof/ kf/]sf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df ;dfrf/ k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] .

;'idf sf]O/fnf d]df]l/on 6«i6n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lzlj/df Ps ufOgfsf]nf]lhi6 / Ps d]l8sn clws[tsf] 6Ldn] Ps} lbgdf #) hgf;Dd la/fdLsf] zNolqmof u/]/ kf7]3/ l‰s]sf] ;dfrf/df n]lvPsf] lyof] . hals, Ps 8fS6/n] Ps lbgdf ^ j6f eGbf a9L zNolqmof ug}{ gx'g] ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] dfkb08 5 . t/, g]kfnsf] ufpF–ufpFdf lzlj/ ;~rfng ug]{ 7]Ssf kfPsf ;+:yfx¿n] Go"gtd dfkb08 ;d]t k"/f gu/L zNolqmof u/]/ kf7]3/ l‰s]sf] clg sltkosf] kf7]3/sf] ;fdfGo pkrf/ dfq u/]/ zNolqmof u/]sf] eGb} cg'bfg s'DNofPsf] ;dfrf/ atfpF5 . ;dfrf/ cg';f/, cg'bfgsf] nf]en] hfFul/nf ag]sf 8fS6/x¿n] cfjZostf g} gePsf la/fdLnfO{ klg zNolqmof u/]5g\ .

g]kfnL dlxnfdf cfª v:g] ;d:of a9L b]lvPkl5 ;/sf/n] kfFr jif{b]lv ;/sf/L / ljleGg u}/–;/sf/L :jf:Yo ;+:yf dfkm{t lzlj/ ;~rfng u/]/ pkrf/ cleofg rnfPsf] 5 . kf7]3/sf] zNolqmof ug]{ ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] Ps la/fdL a/fa/ t/fO{df ?=!@ xhf/, kxf8df ?=!% xhf/ / lxdfnL If]qdf ?=@) xhf/ cg'bfg lbG5 . xfn;Dd $@ xhf/ dlxnfsf] pkrf/ ul/Psf] 5 eg] To; afkt ;/sf/n] ?=! ca{eGbf a9L cg'bfg afF8]sf] 5 .

/fIf;L dgf]j[lQut jif{ ef/tsf ljleGg /fHosf ufpFx¿df o:t} 36gf ePsf] ;dfrf/x¿ k|sfzdf cfPsf lyP . ToxfFsf u/La dlxnfsf] kf7]3/sf] zNolqmofkl5 b'vfO g/f]lsPsf] u'gf;f] a9]kl5 /fHo ;/sf/;Fu} d]l8sn sfplG;n / ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefun] ;d]t cg';Gwfg u/]sf lyP . To;qmddf tNnf] k]6 b'v]/ jf c¿ ;d:of lnP/ cfpg] u/La–lg/If/ dlxnfx¿nfO{ 8fS6/x¿n] …kf7]3/df SofG;/ eO;s]5, t'?Gt} gkmfn]df d5f}{Ú eGb} s;}sf] kf7]]3/ t s;}sf] km]nflkg 6\o"a g} l‰s]/ kmflnlbPsf] kfOPsf] lyof] .

laxf/sf d'VodGqL lgltz s'df/sf] u[xlhNnfd} o:tf w]/} ck/fw ePsf] kfOPsf] lyof] . ToxfF 8fS6/n] t];|f] aRrf kfpg grfxg] Ps hgf @^ jifL{of o'jtLsf] kf7]3/ l‰lslbPsf lyP . t/, csf]{ aRrf gkfpg ;fgf] ck/]zg ubf{ k'Ug] s'/f kf7]3/ kmfn]kl5 yfxf kfPsf] tL o'jtLn] atfPsL lyOg\ .

ef/t ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))& otf u/LaLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf ( s/f]8 hgtfsf] :jf:Yof]krf/sf

nflu k|lt kl/jf/ ef? #) xhf/;Dd pknAw u/fpg] gLlt sfof{Gjog ul//x]sf] 5 . Tof] /sd xft kfg{ 8fS6/x¿n] @)–$@ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf xhf/f}+ dlxnfsf] kf7]3/ lgsflnlbPsf 5g\ . To:tf dlxnfx¿ ;fO8 Okm]S6sf sf/0f cg]s si6 ;xg afWo 5g\ . eljiodf aRrf kfpg g;Sg] ePsf tLdWo] slt dlxnfnfO{ >Ldfg\n] 5f]8]/ cnkq kf/]sf 5g\ .

ef/tsf x'g\ ls g]kfnsf, k};fsf nflu of] xbsf] cfr/0f b]vfpg] 8fS6/x¿n] sf/afxLsf] efuLbf/ x'g'k5{ . pgLx¿n] c;xfo dlxnfsf] hLjgdfly v]naf8 u/]/ k};f sdfpg] dgf]j[lQ b]vfPsf 5g\ . o;af/] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u / c¿ ;/sf/L lgsfox¿n] tTsfn rf;f] b]vfpg'k5{ . o:tf] cfk/flws dgf]j[lQ /f]Sg ;aeGbf klxnf t d]l8sn sfplG;n g} cufl8 ;/f];\ .

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k|ydtM awfO{ gj/fh ;'j]bLnfO{ Û kbdf /x+Fbf y'k|} r'/Lkm'/L b]vfO{ cGTodf To;} x/fpg] k~r k/Dk/f tf]8\b} cfkm\gf] ;lqmo hLjgsf cg'e"ltnfO{ lj:tf/k"j{s ;fj{hlgs ul/lbPsf]df / g]kfnsf] cfw'lgs -<_ Oltxf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ sfnv08nfO{ cfkm"n] hfg], ef]u]/ cfTd;ft u/] cg';f/ lnlka4 ul/lbPsf]df . To; sfnnfO{ c?n] s;/L Joxf]/] eGg] csf]{ kf6f] 5Fb}5 .

;/n / :ki6 k':tssf] csf]{ ;sf/fTds kIf xf] . ;'j]bLn] k~rfotnfO{ h;/L a'́ ], o;df kf}l8g ;kmn eP -pgL lg/Gt/ #) jif{ /fli6«o k~rfot ;b:o /x], k|wfgdGqL afx]s ;a}h;f] dxTjk"0f{ sfo{sf/L / Joj:yflksfsf kbdf cf;Lg eP_ Tof] s'/fnfO{ :ki6;+Fu k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . k~rfot h:tf] k|hftGq gfd lbP/ /fhfn] rnfPsf] clwgfosjfbL zf;g Joj:yfdf l5d ]sLsf ] cfb ]z pkb]z ;'Gg}kg]{, gq lz/ dfly ´'l08Psf] t/af/ v:g] wDsL lg/Gt/ vKb} hgtfdf /fi6«jfbsf] ;Gb]z klg lbO/xg'kYof] { .

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;'j ]bLn] To; sfnsf w]/ } 36gf grkfOsg kf7s;fd' /flvlbPsf 5g\ . Pp6f p4/0f, h;sf] j/k/ ;Totf 5– …/fgLsf] a9L ;lqmotf / ;lrjx¿sf] a9L babaf oL b'O{ sf/0fn] ubf{ /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] ;doaf6 g} /fh;+:yfsf] cwf]ult z'? eof] -;lrj / P8L;Lx¿_ g} /fhfsf ¿kdf b]lvg yfn] . dlGqkl/ifb\ :yfkgf dfq x'g uof] . c;nL dlGqkl/ifb\ b/af/d} z'? eof] .Ú

lstfadf o:tf w]/} 36gf pNn]v 5g\, t/ k"0f{ ;Tosf] Ps kIfsf] ?kdf dfq . ;do, kl/l:ylt / …xfjfÚ n] klg /fhgLltdf 7"nf] dxTj /fVb5 . dx]Gb|n] zfob of] s'/f a'‰f]/ k~rfotnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ rfx]sf lyP . jL/]Gb|sf u'? gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7 / lr/gzdz]/ yfkf dfq …/fhgLltsÚ eOlbPsf eP of] d'n'ssf] Oltxf; cs{} ¿kn] n]lvg] lyof] . lxGb" /fhgLlts ;+:sf/df /fhfsf ;xof]uL -;/sf/ rnfpg] dfG5] _ /fhgLlt a'‰g] dfG5] x'g'k5{ To;} elgPsf] x}g .

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@)#^ sf] hgdt ;+u|xdf wfFwnL gePsf] ;'j]bLsf] bfaL 5 . pgn] rf]ydn hfl6ofaf6 k};f lnPsf] klg 9fF6]sf 5}gg\ . ;fy}, hgdt ;+u|xsf] …dtkqÚ 5flkPsf] hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb|df hgdt ;+u|x nuQ} %÷^ nfv dtkq k'gM 5kfO{ ul/Psf] rrf{ klg Toltj]nf lyof] . To;}n], g]kfndf @)$^ cfOxfNof] . k':tsdf dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng b/af/ -vf;u/L 1fg]Gb|_ n] /f]k]sf] aLp ‰fflËP/ cfkm}+nfO{ vfg ;dy{ eof] eGg] l5b|fGj]if0f klg 5, t/ o;sf] lgSof]{ndf jt{dfg g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] ljZn]if0f cfjZos x'g hfG5 .

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;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg x' Fbfsf lgjf{rg cfof]usf k|d'v cfo'Qm ef]h/fh kf]v/]nn] n]v]sf] …g]kfnM ef]6\; km/ kL;Ú ebf} dxLgfleq ahf/df cfpFb}5 . ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ To;sf] k[i7e"ld klg s]nfOPsf] of] k':tsdf g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts Oltxf;, dfcf]jfbL åGå, /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] !( df3 @)^! df ;Qf lnPsf] 36gf, dfcf]jfbL ljjfb, !@ a'Fb] ;d‰fbf/L / hgcfGbf]ngsf] gfnLa]nL lbOPsf] 5 . hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfkl5 cd]l/sL cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfdf g]kfnsf] lgb{]zs eP/ sfd u/]s} j]nf tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmdf cfkm"nfO{ k|:tfj /fv]sf] ljj/0fb]lv cGtl/d ;+;b\ / ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f, zflGt ;D‰ff}tf, ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] k6s tf]lsPsf] lgjf{rg ;g{' h:tf 36gfx? /x]sf] of] k':tsdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 nufot l5d]sL ef/t / rLg clg c? /fi6« / ;+:yfn] g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmof / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf b]vfPsf] rf;f] v'nfOPsf] 5 .

;xn]lvsf ;[li6 /f0ff;Fu ldn]/ n]lvPsf]

g]kfnM ef]6\; km/ kL;n]vsx?M ef]h/fh kf]v/]n,

;[li6 /f0ffk|sfzsM SoflDa|h o'lgel;{6L k|];

OlG8ofk[i7M @^^±!*

lgjf{rssf] :jLsf/f]lQm

@( v08 / @^^ k[i7 nfdf] of] k':ts ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg jl/kl/sf] cfkm\gf] l6kf]6 / y'k|} JolQm;Fusf] cGtjf{tf{sf] cfwf/df tof/ ePsf] n]vsn] k':tsd} v'nfPsf 5g\ . SoflDa|h o'lgel;{6L k|]; OlG8ofn] 5fk]sf] of] k':tsdf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg jl/kl/sf 36gfsf lg0ff{os JolQmx? tTsfnLg /fhf 1fg]Gb|, lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, dfcf]jfbL

cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn, afa'/fd e§/fO{ h:tf JolQmsf] Oltxf;, JolQmTj / :jefjsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f 5 . h;n], Toltj]nfsf] 36gf a'‰g / ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lhnf] kf/]sf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts Oltxf;df klxnf] k6s x'g nfu]sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg pbfx/0fLo x'g'kg]{ ck]Iffsf] ef/L lyof], tTsfnLg k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm kf]v/]ndfly . sltkon] pgnfO{ ef/tsf k"j{ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm 6LPg ;];g;Fu t'ngf u/]sf lyP . t/, kf]v/]nn] k':tsdf :jLsf/]sf 5g\, …k|d'v cfo'Qm ePkl5 dnfO{ klg To;}u/L gd"gf r'gfj u/]/ b]vfpg]5' eGg] nfu] klg lgjf{rgsf] k|lqmof z'? ugf{;fy d}n] dx;"; u/]+, dnfO{ r'gfj u/fpg dfq geP/ zflGt k|lqmofsf] Pp6f kf6f]sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ of] 7fpFdf NofOPsf] /x]5 .Ú pgL yk n]V5g\, …b'O{ j]Un} ljifosf j]Un} k|lqmof / cGtj{:t'sf] ;dfof]hg ub}{ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ afWotf cfOnfUbf r'gfjsf sltko kf6f] / k|lqmofx? zflGt k|lqmofsf nflu ;D‰ff}tf ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfof] . h;sf sf/0f r'gfjdf ePsf sltko lx+;fsf 36gf lj?4 ug'{kg]{ sf/afxL zflGt k|lqmof glayf]lnof];\ eg]/ ug{ ;lsPg .Ú

tTsfnLg ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbL / ;ft ;+;bLo bnaLrsf] !@ a'Fb] ;d‰fbf/Laf6 z'? ePsf] of] k':ts ;|f]tx? kof{Kt pNn]v ul/Psf] / ;|f]t ;fdu|L tyf JolQmsf] ljj/0f klg /flvPsfn] cflwsfl/s ag]sf] 5 . tTsfnLg /fhf 1fg]Gb|;Fu ;d]t cGtjf{tf{ lnP/ tof/ kfl/Psfn] of] k':tsdf ptfl/Psf] Tof] j]nfsf] ljj/0fnfO{ yk cflwsfl/s agfPsf] 5 . To;dfly, Tof] j]nfsf lg0ff{os JolQmTjdWo] Ps k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmn] g} n]v]sf] x'gfn] o;sf ljj/0f / ljZn]if0f cflwsfl/s / ljZj;gLo gx'g] s'/} ePg .

$ d+;L/df to ePsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] bf];|f] lgjf{rgsf] ;F3f/df g]kfnL ahf/df cfpg nfu]sf] of] k':tsn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfpFbf] lgjf{rg s:tf] / s;/L x'g'k5{ eGg]af/] sf7df8f}+sf] …kf]ln6LÚdf /fd|} ax; / ljjfb lgDTofpg] lglZrt 5 . h;n], cfpFbf] lgjf{rgnfO{ lgikIf / kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg s]xL dfqfdf eP klg ;xof]u g} ug{]5 .

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)54

l/kf]6{ ;'Gb/L k|ltof]lutf

sdfpg] tdf;f k|ltef k|:km'6gsf] gfddf zx/b]lv ufpF;Dd eO/x]sf ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfx¿sf] d'Vo p2]Zo k};f sdfpg' xf] .

Clif/fd s§]n

sf7df8f}+ h]l;;n] ;g\ !(($ df ld; g]kfn cfof]hgf u/]kl5 z'? ePsf] ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfdf clxn] ld; Unf]an, ld; O{–sn]h, ld; /fO{, ld; P;Pn;L lk|G;];, ld; 6Lg, ld; 6Lg OG6/g]zgn, ld;]; tLh, tLh SjLg, ls8 SjLg, ld; g]jf, ld; anfdL, ld; td', ld; pnf{af/L nufotsf xf]8afhL ylkPsf 5g\ . Oe]G6 cu{gfOh/b]lv sG;N6]G;L snfs]Gb| / Ao"l6kfn{/;Ddn] jflif{s !)) hlt ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutf ug{ Eofpg yfn]sf 5g\ .

sdfpg kfOg] ePs}n] o:tf k|ltof]lutf km:6fPsf x'g\ .

;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfaf6 JolQmTj ljsf; x'g], cfTdljZjf; a9\g] ljZjf; ul/G5 . g]kfndf eg] k|ltef k|:km'6gb]lv sl/c/ ljsf;;Ddsf gf/f lbP/ caf]wx¿nfO{ klg k|ltof]lutfdf ;fd]n u/]/ cleefjsaf6 /sd xTofOG5 . …aRrfsf] nfluÚ eGb} cleefjsx¿n] klg dl/xQ] ug]{ ePsfn] cfof]hsx¿ a9]sf 5g\ . o:tf pT;fxL cleefjsx¿ l6s6 a]Rg], P;PdP; ef]l6ª ug]{ nufotsf sfddf w'dwfd v6\5g\ . æclxn] eO/x]sf sfo{qmdx¿df sdfpg] wGbf dfq b]V5'Æ, klxnf] ld; g]kfn ?jL /f0ff elG5g\, æ;f}Gbo{sf] gfddf o:tf] ab\df;L /f]lsg'k5{ .Æ

s;/L sdfpF5g\ <! c;f/df ePsf] P;Pn;L lk|G;]; @)!# sf $$ hgf ;xefuLaf6 cfof]hs l;hg ldl8ofn] hgxL ?=!) xhf/ %)) sf b/n] ?=$ nfv ^@ xhf/ z'Ns p7fof] . jfiff{ sn]h k|d'v k|fof]hs /x]sf] k|ltof]lutfdf gf]j]n, gf;f, /]8g nufotsf sn]hx¿ ;x–k|fof]hs lyP . o:tf k|ltof]lutfdf cfof]hsx¿n] ;xefuLaf6 ljleGg zLif{sdf ?=@% xhf/;Dd c;'N5g\ . of]eGbf 7"nf] /sd tfhsf] df]ndf]nfOaf6 cfpF5 . tfhsf] leqL rnv]ndf slt;Dd n]gb]g eof] eGg] s'/f cfof]hs / tfh lsGg]nfO{ dfq yfxf x'G5 . ld;]; g]kfn @)!@ sL ;xefuL sljtf u'/fufO{ o:tf] v]nn]

@# ebf} @)&) | lxdfn 55

w]/}nfO{ d"v{ agfpg] u/]sf] atfpFl5g\ -x]= aS;_ .

ld; 6Lg OG6/g]zgn @)!# sL Ps k|ltof]uL k|ltef b]vfpg] eGbf klg s;/L l6s6 a]Rg], kmnfgf] Oe]G6sf] k};f s;/L ltg]{ eGg] tgfj a9L lbOg] atfpFl5g\ . pgsf cg';f/, a9L k}:ff hDdf ug]{n] /fd|f] 6fO6n / ;f}bfafhL ug]{n] tfh kfpF5g\ . ld; 6Lg OG6/g]zgn cfof]hs l;hg ldl8ofsf k|aGw lgb]{zs k|bLk/fh jGt eg] tfnLddf vr{ ug{sf nflu dfq ;xefuLaf6 /sd lnOPsf] atfpF5g\ . jGtsf] bfaLdf, aflx/af6 x]bf{ sdfp h:tf] b]lvP klg Pp6} sfo{qmddf ?=& nfv;Dd vr{ x'G5 . æk};f lnP/ tfh lbg]x¿sf sf/0f xfdL h:tf …km]o/Ú sfo{qmd ug]{x¿ ;d:ofdf 5f} +Æ, jGt eG5g\ .

ut jif{sf] ld; tfdfª k|ltof]lutfdf ;'dL df]QmfgnfO{ tfh klx¥ofOlbg] eGb} ;fwgf snf s]Gb|sf ldng df]Qmfgn] ;'dLsf a'af ;GtjL/af6 df]6f] /sd lnPsf] rrf{n] Jofkstf kfPsf] lyof] . ;GtjL/n] ;a} k|ltof]uLnfO{ x]lnsK6/af6 af}4, :joDe" 3'dfpFb} 6'Fl8v]n ptf/]sf] vr{ klg a]xf]/]sf lyP . tfh ;'dLn] g} lhltg\ klg, t/ cGo k|lt:kwL{sf cfkmGtx¿n] u'bL s'/f yfxf kfPkl5 k|ltof]lutf ljjflbt ag]sf] lyof] . ut jif{sf] ld:6/ P08 ld; sf7df8f} +df k};fsf] rnv]n ePsf] eGb} k|ltof]uLx¿n] sfo{qmd:yn tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf lyP . b'O{

jif{cl3sf] ld:6/ g]kfn k|ltof]lutfdf ?=% nfvdf cfo'idfg l3ld/]nfO{ pkflw a]r]sf] eGb} c? k|ltof]uLx? le8Gtdf plqPkl5 k|x/L x:tIf]k ePsf] lyof] . ut jif{sf] ld; /fO{df cfof]hsn] ljh]tf;Fu k};f lnPsf] eGb} c? k|ltof]uLx¿n] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng g} u/] .

cy{xLg k|ltof]lutf ;fwgf snfs]Gb|sf ldng df ]Qmfg, O{–Knfg]6sf ;Gtf]if ;fksf]6f, PSkf]h g]kfn 86sdsf lbg]z zfxL, g]lKnh sfplG;nsf bLk]Gb| /Tg zfSo, g]lKnh km]zg xf]dsL x]df dfgGw/, l;hg ldl8ofsf jGt, bLks l3ld/] ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfsf clxn]sf rlr{t cfof]hs x'g\ . pgLx¿ jif{df Ps bh{g;Dd k|ltof]lutf u5{g\ . cleefjsx¿sf] nufgLdf sf]xL t Pp6} sfo{qmddf rf/ j6f;Dd k|ltof]lutf EofpF5g\ .

ldngn] @^ ;fpgdf ld; Ao"6L SjLg ;lxt tLg j6f Kofh]G6 u/] . To;sf] s]xLcl3 ;Gtf]ifn] Ps} lbg ld;]; g]kfn, lnl6n ld; g]kfn, ld; 6Lg OG6/g]zgn / ld; OG6/g]zgn u/] . s;}sf ] lgoGq0f gePkl5 k|ltof]uLsf] eGbf o:tf cfof]hsx¿sf] k|ltef k|:km'6g eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . …g]d / km]dsf] nflu ul/g]Ú k|ltof]lutfdf tfh lht]sf elgPsfx¿ To;kl5 stf x/fpF5g\, kQf] x'Fb}g . o;n] ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutfdf a9]sf] nufgL cy{xLg ePsf] b]vfpF5 .

;'Gb/L k|ltof]lutfsf] aflx/L ¿k dfq /fd|f]

x'Fbf]/x]5 . o:tf k|ltof]lutfx¿ cfof]hsn]

k};f sdfpg] …Kn]6kmd{Ú dfq ePsf 5g\ .

k|ltof]lutfcl3sf] @)÷@@ lbgsf] k|lzIf0fdf sf]

slt k|ltefzfnL 5, ;a}nfO{ yfxf x'G5, t/ k};f

gr'xfpg]x¿nfO{ 6k6]gaf6} km\ofFlsG5 . h;n]

a9L k};f lbG5, tfh p;sf] x'G5 . k};f lbg

/ l6s6 a]Rg g;Sg]x¿sf] sfd 5}g .

xfdLn] k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL x'Fbf z'?d}

?=@% xhf/ lt/]sf lyof}+, t/ To;kl5 klg

ljleGg axfgfdf k};f c;'lnof] . …lrQ ga'‰f]

klg sfo{qmd:yndf s]xL ulb{gF, u/]+ eg]

Ifltk"lt{ lbG5'Ú eg]/ sfuh klg u/fpFbf

/x]5g\ . cfof]hsn] …hhÚ nufot ;a}nfO{

d"v{ agfpF5g\ . …hhÚx¿nfO{ kmnfgf]nfO{ kmnfgf]

k|Zg ;f]Wg elg+bf]/x]5 . xfdL lhNnf k|zf;g

sfof{no;Dd k'Uof}+, t/ cg}ltsx¿;Fu s]xL

nfu]g .

…leqL kf6f] s'?k 5Úsljtf kf]v/]n

-ld;]; g]kfnsL ;xefuL_

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)56

snf

lxGb" gf/Lsf] rf8 xl/tflnsf tLhsf] /f}gs kl5Nnf s]xL jif{b]lv tLh cfpg'eGbf dxLgf lbgcl3 g} z'? x'g yfn]sf] 5 . km]zg, vfgkfg;Fu} tLh l56f] z'? x'g] sf/0f xf], uLt–;+uLt . dlxnfx¿n] tLhsf uLt klv{/x]sf x'G5g\ eg] uflosfx¿ klg cfkm\gf] l;h{gf k|:t't ug{ tLh s'l//x]sf x'G5g\ . tLhdf ljz]if l;h{gf k|:t't ug{ ] uflosfdf kl5{g \ , ;'lgtf b'nfn klg . c? uflosfeGbf km/s klxrfg agfPsL ;'lgtf elG5g\, ætLhs} uLtaf6 uflosfsf] ?kdf lrlgPsfn ] d ]/f ] klxrfg;Fu tLh hf]l8Psf] 5 .Æ

r]nLsf] dfOtL3/ gfds tLhsf] cNad lnP/ ;ft jif{cl3 g]kfnL ;f+uLlts If]qdf cfPsL hnjL/] l;Gw'kfNrf]ssL pgn] x/]s jif{ tLhsf cNad lgsfn]sL l5g\ . km]l/ cfof] dfOt hfg] lbg, ca t d}n] lg ‰f'Dsf nufpF5', pgsf] nflu j|t a;]sf], tLhsf] b/, d]/f] xh'/ h:tf cNad lgsfn]sL pgn]

@* ;fpgdf of] jif{sf] tLhsf nflu cfof] xl/tflnsf gfds cNad NofPsL l5g\ . æc? j]nf cNad glgsfn] klg tLhsf cNad x/]s jif{ lgsfNg] ljrf/ u/]sL 5' .Ú

;'lgtf nf]sbf]xf]/LsL klg rNtLsL uflosf x'g\ . d]/} lbndf km'Nof} lg/dfof, xf] ls x}g ;fg' h:tf nf]slk|o uLtsL oL uflosfn] cd]l/sf, a]nfot, hfkfg, xªsª nufotsf b'O{ bh{g d'n'sdf ;f+uLlts k|:t'lt kl:s;s]sL 5g\ . cfpFbf] tLhsf] ;f+uLlts sfo{qmddf hfkfg / a]nfot hfg] tof/Ldf /x]sL pgL elG5g\, ætLh d]/f] nflu 7"nf] kj{ lsg xf] eg] c? j]nfeGbf d]/f] nflu of] j]nf sfo{qmd a9L k5{ .Æ

Clif/fd s§]n

uflosf ;'lgtf b'nfnn] ;ft jif{b]lv x/]s tLhdf cNad lgsfNb} cfPsL l5g\ .

tLhsL uflosf

;g\ !((@ df cf7 jif{sf] x'Fbf afa'nfO{ ;dfpFb} cfFugaf6 aflxl/+bfsf] cfkm\gf] cj:yfnfO{ k|Xnfb u'?ª 7]ufgf gn]vL x'nfsdf xflnPsf] lr6\7L;Fu t'ngf u5{g\ . blIf0f e"6fgdf kg]{ lr/fª lhNnfsf] uf]lkgL Anssf] ls;fg kl/jf/df hlGdPsf k|Xnfbn] ;fpF cIf/ s] l5rf]n]sf lyP, PsfPs w"n] :s"n aGb eof], ufpFdf ;/sf/L ;]gfsf] laulauL rNof] . nf]Ug]dfG5] hlt b]zb|f]xsf] cf/f]kdf wdfwd h]n kg{ yfn], dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;tLTj hf]ufpg wf}–wf} kg{ yfNof] .

of] xfntdf ufpF 5f8\bf cfkm"n] cIf/ l;s]sf] v/Lkf6L l6Kg EofPsf k|Xnfbn] To;kl5sf !& jif{ k"jL{ ‰ffkfsf] uf]nwfkl:yt e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ lzlj/sf] 5fk|f]df ljtfP . clxn]sf] rflx+ pgsf] 7]ufgf cd]l/sfsf] Soflnkmf]lg{of /fHosf] !%!$ o'lg6, ckf6{d]G6 gDa/ ( xf] . :gfts txsf] ck'/f] k9fO / snf ;fwgf 5f]8]/ k'gjf{;df tLg jif{cl3 Soflnkmf]lg{of k'u]sf pgL;Fu clxn] cd]l/sfsf] …kd{g]G6 /]l;8]G6 sf8{Ú 5 . lzlj/df 5Fbf k|Xnfbn] k9fO;Fu} dg ldNg] ;fyLx¿ e]nf kf/]/ OlGi6Ro"6 ckm kmfOg P08 sdl;{on cf6{;\ -Okmsf–e"6fg_ :yfkgf u/]sf lyP .

gofF ;+;f/, gofF 9f]sfcfª 9fSg] sk8fsf] cefj, cfwfk]6 vfP/ a:g'kg{] cj:yf / ‰f'k|f]s} af;df klg k|Xnfb Okmsf dfkm{t lzlj/x¿df lrqsnf k|ltof]lutf, gf6s, slj uf]i7L cflb cfof]hgf uy]{ . ToxL cfwf/df clxn] kmfOg cf6{;\, l8hfOg / lkmNd d]lsªdf :gftsf]Q/ ul//x]sf k|Xnfb l;of6nl:yt qmlg; ljZjljBfnosf !* xhf/ ljBfyL{dWo] g]kfnL d"nsf PSnf] ljBfyL{ x'g\ . ætLgjif{] sf]if{sf nflu jflif{s (% xhf/ 8n/sf] 5fqj[lQn] eljiok|lt k"0f{ cfzfjfbL agfPsf] 5Æ, b'O{ ;ftfsf] ljbfdf xfn} bds cfPsf k|Xnfb eG5g\ .

k|Xnfb g]kfndf alg/x]sf] rnlrq b]z vf]Hb} hfFbf sf] snf lgb]{zs klg x'g\ . pgL e"6fgL z/0ffyL{x¿sf] oyfy{ syf eGg] of] lkmNdnfO{ ;Gk|mflG;:sf]df x'g nfu]sf] Plzog–cd]l/sg lkmNd km]l:6andf ;dfj]z u/fpg] ;'/df 5g\ .

uf]kfn u8tf}nf, ‰ffkf

snf

5fk|f]sf]

k|ltef

@# ebf} @)&) | lxdfn 57

6]lnlehg

5 . sfo{qmddf xl/j+z cGtjf{tf{sf/sf] ?kdf b]lv+b}5g\ . clxn];Dd xhf/f}+ cGtjf {tf { lbPsf pgn] klxnf]kN6 c?sf] cGtjf{tf { lnP/, pgLx?sf] s'/f ;'g]/ /f]Psf] atfP . anfTsf/df k/]sL pbok'/sL Ps aflnsfn] cfkm"n] hGdfPsf] aRrfsf] afa' / cfkm\gf] afa' Pp6} ePsf] csNkgLo kL8f ;'gfpFbf xl/j+z eSsflgPsf 5g\ . æklxn] dnfO{ cfkm\g} b'Mvx¿ 7"nf] nfUYof]Æ, xl/j+z eG5g\, æcfd g]kfnLsf] kL8f ;'g]kl5 d]/f b'Mv t s]xL klg x}g /x]5 eGg] nfUof] .Æ

xl/j+zn] ca slxNo} b'MvL gx'g] k|0f u/]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmdn] ;+qmd0fsf] ;fª\nf]df hsl8Psf] g]kfnL ;dfhdf cfzf / ;fx; a9fpg] ck]Iff pgsf] 5 .

cg'zLn

6]lnlehg, lkmNd / /+ud~rdf bz{snfO{ xF;fpg] xl/j+z cfrfo{ c?sf syf–Joyf ;'g]/ w]/} k6s /f]P, h'g @@ ebf}b]lv g]kfn 6]lnlehgaf6 k|;f/0f x'g]] …d}n] h] ef]u]+Ú sfo{qmddf b]lvg]5 . of] sfo{qmdsf nflu pgL b]zsf b'u{d ufpFx¿df k'u]/ cfd g]kfnLsf syf ;'g] . ;]e b lrN8«]gsf] ;xof]udf PG6]gf kmfpG8];gn] tof/ kf/]sf] of] sfo{qmd * >[+vnfsf] 5 .

sfo{qmdn] 5fpk8L k|yf, afn of}g b'Jo{jxf/, s'kf]if0f, afnljjfx, afn lx+;f, cleefjsljxLg afnaflnsf, ckfËtf, lzIff cflb ljifo ;d]6]sf]

gofF cjtf/df

xl/j+z

u0f]z cfrfo{

lxdfn | @# ebf} @)&)58

tLg snfsf/nfO{

km'na|fO6 g]kfnsf tLg hgf snfsf/ km'na|fO6 km]nf]l;kdf cd]l/sf hfFb}5g\ . cd]l/sL z}lIfs lgof]un] k|bfg ug]{ of] ljåtj[lQsf nflu 5flgg]df l;tf/jfbs 8f= w|'j]zrGb| /]UdL, snfsf/ cl:dgf /lGht / sf7df8f}+ o'lgel;{6Lsf] ;]G6/ km/ cf6{ P08 l8hfOgsf k|d'v ;'hg

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