27.5 animal cognition key concept some animals other than humans exhibit behaviors requiring complex...
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27.5 Animal Cognition
KEY CONCEPT Some animals other than humans exhibit behaviors requiring complex cognitive abilities.
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27.5 Animal Cognition
Animal intelligence is difficult to define.
• Cognition is the mental process of knowing through perception or reasoning.
• Other factors affecting an animal’s behavior may seem like cognition.
– awareness– ability to judge– ability to solve complex problems
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27.5 Animal Cognition
Some animals can solve problems.
• Insight is the ability to solve a problem mentally without repeated trial and error. – observed in primates, dolphins, and corvids– chimpanzee retrieving hanging bananas
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27.5 Animal Cognition
• Tool use helps an animal accomplish a task.– some dolphins use sponges to protect and hunt– crows and chimpanzees make probing sticks– capuchin monkeys use rocks to crack nuts
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27.5 Animal Cognition
Cognitive ability may provide an adaptive advantage for living in social groups.
• Intelligence in animals seems to be correlated with two characteristics.– relatively large brains for their body size– live in complex social groups
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27.5 Animal Cognition
• Cultural behavior spreads through a population by learning, not by selection.– taught to one generation by another– aided by living in close proximity