3-amal - concept of mapping

8/14/2019 3-Amal - Concept of Mapping

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ASEMINOR

ONCONCEPT OF MAPPING

SUBMITTED TO

Dr.K.PALANIVELDr.K.PALANIVEL ,,

LECTURER

CERS

SUBMITTED BY

P.AMALA DAS

M.Sc (20082010),

CERS.


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

A map is a drawing to scale of theA map is a drawing to scale of thewhole or a part of the surface of thewhole or a part of the surface of theearth on a plane surface.earth on a plane surface.It is a manually and mechanicallyIt is a manually and mechanicallydrawn picture of the earth showingdrawn picture of the earth showing

the location and distribution of the location and distribution of various natural and culturalvarious natural and culturalphenomenaphenomena


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Types of map Types of map

Based on certain common features itBased on certain common features itclassified intoclassified into

Types of relief representation Types of relief representationTypes of scale Types of scaleTypes by scale Types by scale

Types by information Types by information Types by maps to military uses Types by maps to military uses


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Types By Relief Types By Relief

RepresentationRepresentationOn the basis of the amount of On the basis of the amount of topographic details map can betopographic details map can beclassified asclassified as

Hypsometric mapsHypsometric mapsPlanimetric mapsPlanimetric maps


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ypsomater c apsypsoma er c aps

The hypsometric maps are those which shows The hypsometric maps are those which showsthe relief & terrain in detail &often at the costthe relief & terrain in detail &often at the cost

of other detailsof other details

Planimetric MapsPlanimetric Maps The planimetric maps give more emphasis The planimetric maps give more emphasis

to other details & limit the relief portrayalto other details & limit the relief portrayalto the inclusion of a few spot heights hereto the inclusion of a few spot heights here& there& there


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Types By Scale Types By Scale

Taking the scale as the criterion Taking the scale as the criterionmaps can be classified asmaps can be classified as1.Small scale maps1.Small scale maps2.Medium scale maps2.Medium scale maps3.Large scale maps3.Large scale maps


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Types By Information Types By Information

Some maps are made to be used forSome maps are made to be used forvariety of purposevariety of purpose1.General purpose maps1.General purpose maps2.Thematic maps2.Thematic maps3.Special purpose maps3.Special purpose maps


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General Purpose MapsGeneral Purpose Maps The multi-purpose wall maps , topo- The multi-purpose wall maps , topo-sheets & many of the Atlas maps aresheets & many of the Atlas maps areclassified as general purpose mapsclassified as general purpose maps

Thematic Maps Thematic MapsMap dealing with a single factor such asMap dealing with a single factor such asGeology ,Rainfall , Crops , populationGeology ,Rainfall , Crops , populationetc, are classified as thematic mapsetc, are classified as thematic maps


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Special Purpose MapsSpecial Purpose Maps

The special purpose maps are those The special purpose maps are thosewhich are constructed for a group of which are constructed for a group of people having special reading orpeople having special reading orperceptual problemsperceptual problems

Thus the map for the blind fall in this Thus the map for the blind fall in this

categorycategory


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Types Of Maps by Military Types Of Maps by Military

UsesUses There are certain maps which are drawn specially for the There are certain maps which are drawn specially for theuse of military personnel.use of military personnel.From a soldiers point of view, maps can be classified asFrom a soldiers point of view, maps can be classified as

GENERAL MAPS [ more than1:100000 ]GENERAL MAPS [ more than1:100000 ]STRATEGETIC MAPS [ 1:100000-500000 ]STRATEGETIC MAPS [ 1:100000-500000 ]TACTICAL MAPS [ less than 1:500000 ] TACTICAL MAPS [ less than 1:500000 ]PHOTO MAPS [ 1:5000-1:6000 ]PHOTO MAPS [ 1:5000-1:6000 ]


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USES OF MAP READINGUSES OF MAP READING

Advertising purposesAdvertising purposesAerospace scienceAerospace scienceCartographic products- to representCartographic products- to representthe surface of moon and otherthe surface of moon and otherplanets and to show the movementplanets and to show the movementof satellites and rocketsof satellites and rockets


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SCALES AND THEIR FUNCTIONSSCALES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

A general definition of scale is that itA general definition of scale is that itis a ratio between the distance on ais a ratio between the distance on amap and the corresponding distancemap and the corresponding distanceon the earth.on the earth.

--NOTATION OF SCALENOTATION OF SCALE-CONSTRUCTION OF GRAPHICAL SCALES-CONSTRUCTION OF GRAPHICAL SCALES-DETRMINING THE SCALE OF A MAP-DETRMINING THE SCALE OF A MAP-REDUCTION AND ENLARGEMENT OF SCALES-REDUCTION AND ENLARGEMENT OF SCALES


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NOTATION OF SCALENOTATION OF SCALE

Representative fractionRepresentative fractionVerbal notationVerbal notationGraphic scaleGraphic scale


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CONSTRUCTION OF GRAPHICALCONSTRUCTION OF GRAPHICAL

SCALESCALEPlane scalePlane scaleMile scaleMile scaleKilometer scaleKilometer scaleDiagonal scaleDiagonal scale

Vernier scaleVernier scaleMeter scaleMeter scale


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DETERMINING THE SCALE OF ADETERMINING THE SCALE OF A

MAPMAP The ground distance between any 2 The ground distance between any 2points shown on the mappoints shown on the mapIf the ground distance is 2kms andIf the ground distance is 2kms andthe map distance is 2cms, then thethe map distance is 2cms, then the2cms on the map represent2cms on the map represent

200000cms on the ground200000cms on the ground


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G-SCALEG-SCALE

Haggett , charles and stoddart have proposedHaggett , charles and stoddart have proposeda standard of geographical measurementa standard of geographical measurementwhich indicates the relative size of the areawhich indicates the relative size of the areastudied with the total area of the earth as thestudied with the total area of the earth as thebase they call it G- scalebase they call it G- scale

G= log Ga/RaG= log Ga/RaWhere G= G-scale of the area studiedWhere G= G-scale of the area studiedGa= earths surface areaGa= earths surface areaRa = area under investigationRa = area under investigation


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DIRECTION AND COORDINATESDIRECTION AND COORDINATES

AND THEIR FUNCTIONSAND THEIR FUNCTIONSDirection has been defined as anDirection has been defined as animaginary straight line on the map.imaginary straight line on the map.


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Geographic coordinatesGeographic coordinates

In all groups we must have a point of In all groups we must have a point of origin and two reference lineorigin and two reference line

1.horizontal line1.horizontal line2.vertical line2.vertical line


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MAP PROJECTION AND THEIRMAP PROJECTION AND THEIR

FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONSA map projection is defined as theA map projection is defined as thetransformation of the sphericaltransformation of the spherical

network of latitudes and longitudesnetwork of latitudes and longitudeson a plane surface irrespective of on a plane surface irrespective of the method of transformationthe method of transformation


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Types of projections Types of projections

Polyconic projectionPolyconic projectionGalls projectionGalls projection

Mercator projectionMercator projectionZenithal projectionZenithal projectionGnomonic projectionGnomonic projection

Conventional projectionConventional projectionChoice of projectionChoice of projection


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Types of conventional Types of conventional

projectionprojectionGlobular projectionGlobular projectionMollweides projectionMollweides projectionInterrupted mollweides projectionInterrupted mollweides projectionSinusoidal projectionSinusoidal projection

Interrupted sinusoidal projectionInterrupted sinusoidal projectionHammers projectionHammers projection


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3-amal - concept of mapping

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