1. The diagram below shows the process of translation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Which statement correctly identifies and describes the role of a structure shown in the diagram

that is involved in translation?

(A) Structure W is mRNA, which is involved in converting the nucleic acid code into an amino

acid sequence.

(B) Structure X is the A site on the ribosome, which is composed of rRNA and proteins, and is

involved in the pairing of RNA codons with tRNA anticodons.

(C) Structure Y is tRNA, which “reads” the nucleic acid code and assembles the polypeptide.

(D) Structure Z is a growing polypeptide chain that is being synthesized by tRNA and rRNA,

and that will be folded and moved to its final location in or out of the cell.

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2. The table below shows the relationship between mRNA codons and their amino acids.

Which mRNA segment shows the correct base sequence and directionality to produce the amino

acid sequence Met-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Leu-Ile?

(A) 5'-AUG CCC UAG UCC CUG AUC-3'

(B) 3'-AUG CCG UAC UCG CUA AUA-5'

(C) 5'-AUG CCA UAU UCC CUG AUC-3'

(D) 3'-AUG CCU UAU AGC CUG AUU-5'

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3. The table below shows how mRNA codons are translated into amino acids.

A base substitution in which a guanine (G) base is replaced with a cytosine (C) base occurs on

the DNA template shown below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Which statement best predicts what will happen to the polypeptide that is translated from this

altered DNA template?

(A) The substitution will result in no change in the polypeptide, because only the third base in

the affected codon will be changed, and only the first two bases in a codon determine the

amino acid that is translated.

(B) The substitution will result in a change in the second amino acid to Ile, because the codon

will be changed to AUC, which codes for the amino acid Ile.

(C) The substitution will result in only one amino acid being translated, because the second

codon will be changed to a stop codon, and translation will immediately stop.

(D) The substitution will result in a change in all of the amino acids after the substitution,

because the new base will also change the codons translated after the substitution.

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4. The table below shows how mRNA codons are translated into amino acids.

Three bases are deleted in the mRNA sequence shown below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Which statement best predicts the effect of the deletion on the resulting polypeptide?

(A) The third amino acid will be deleted from the polypeptide, but all other amino acids will

remain unchanged, because the second codon will still code for the same amino acid and

no other codons will be affected.

(B) The second and third amino acids will be deleted from the polypeptide, but all other amino

acids will remain unchanged, because only the second and third codons will be affected by

the deletion.

(C) All of the amino acids after the first will be changed in the polypeptide, because the deletion

will create a shift beginning with the second, and this will change all codons that follow.

(D) The Leu amino acid will be deleted from the polypeptide, but all other amino acids will

remain unchanged, because when only one codon is removed, all other codons will remain

unchanged.

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